1
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Chen A, Huang H, Fang S, Hang Q. ROS: A "booster" for chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189175. [PMID: 39218404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly active molecules produced by normal cellular metabolism and play a crucial role in the human body. In recent years, researchers have increasingly discovered that ROS plays a vital role in the progression of chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis. The inflammatory tumor microenvironment established by chronic inflammation can induce ROS production through inflammatory cells. ROS can then directly damage DNA or indirectly activate cellular signaling pathways to promote tumor metastasis and development, including breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and so on. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between ROS, chronic inflammation, and tumor metastasis, explaining how chronic inflammation can induce tumor metastasis and how ROS can contribute to the evolution of chronic inflammation toward tumor metastasis. Interestingly, ROS can have a "double-edged sword" effect, promoting tumor metastasis in some cases and inhibiting it in others. This article also highlights the potential applications of ROS in inhibiting tumor metastasis and enhancing the precision of tumor-targeted therapy. Combining ROS with nanomaterials strategies may be a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Clinical Medical College of Jiangsu University, Yancheng 224006, China
| | - Sumeng Fang
- School of Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Suining People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221200, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province University for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Manipulation, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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2
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Yagüe-Capilla M, Rudd SG. Understanding the interplay between dNTP metabolism and genome stability in cancer. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050775. [PMID: 39206868 PMCID: PMC11381932 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and composition of the intracellular DNA precursor pool is integral to the maintenance of genome stability, and this relationship is fundamental to our understanding of cancer. Key aspects of carcinogenesis, including elevated mutation rates and induction of certain types of DNA damage in cancer cells, can be linked to disturbances in deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools. Furthermore, our approaches to treat cancer heavily exploit the metabolic interplay between the DNA and the dNTP pool, with a long-standing example being the use of antimetabolite-based cancer therapies, and this strategy continues to show promise with the development of new targeted therapies. In this Review, we compile the current knowledge on both the causes and consequences of dNTP pool perturbations in cancer cells, together with their impact on genome stability. We outline several outstanding questions remaining in the field, such as the role of dNTP catabolism in genome stability and the consequences of dNTP pool expansion. Importantly, we detail how our mechanistic understanding of these processes can be utilised with the aim of providing better informed treatment options to patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Yagüe-Capilla
- Science For Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sean G Rudd
- Science For Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Técher H, Gopaul D, Heuzé J, Bouzalmad N, Leray B, Vernet A, Mettling C, Moreaux J, Pasero P, Lin YL. MRE11 and TREX1 control senescence by coordinating replication stress and interferon signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5423. [PMID: 38926338 PMCID: PMC11208572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) arrests cell proliferation in response to replication stress (RS) induced by oncogenes. OIS depends on the DNA damage response (DDR), but also on the cGAS-STING pathway, which detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons (IFNs). Whether and how RS and IFN responses cooperate to promote OIS remains unknown. Here, we show that the induction of OIS by the H-RASV12 oncogene in immortalized human fibroblasts depends on the MRE11 nuclease. Indeed, treatment with the MRE11 inhibitor Mirin prevented RS, micronuclei formation and IFN response induced by RASV12. Overexpression of the cytosolic nuclease TREX1 also prevented OIS. Conversely, overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of TREX1 or treatment with IFN-β was sufficient to induce RS and DNA damage, independent of RASV12 induction. These data suggest that the IFN response acts as a positive feedback loop to amplify DDR in OIS through a process regulated by MRE11 and TREX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Técher
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284 - INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | - Diyavarshini Gopaul
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Heuzé
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Nail Bouzalmad
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Leray
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Vernet
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, UFR Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Zhang L, Hsu JI, Braekeleer ED, Chen CW, Patel TD, Martell AG, Guzman AG, Wohlan K, Waldvogel SM, Uryu H, Tovy A, Callen E, Murdaugh RL, Richard R, Jansen S, Vissers L, de Vries BBA, Nussenzweig A, Huang S, Coarfa C, Anastas J, Takahashi K, Vassiliou G, Goodell MA. SOD1 is a synthetic-lethal target in PPM1D-mutant leukemia cells. eLife 2024; 12:RP91611. [PMID: 38896450 PMCID: PMC11186636 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response is critical for maintaining genome integrity and is commonly disrupted in the development of cancer. PPM1D (protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1D) is a master negative regulator of the response; gain-of-function mutations and amplifications of PPM1D are found across several human cancers making it a relevant pharmacological target. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify synthetic-lethal dependencies of PPM1D, uncovering superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) as a potential target for PPM1D-mutant cells. We revealed a dysregulated redox landscape characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and a compromised response to oxidative stress in PPM1D-mutant cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate a role for SOD1 in the survival of PPM1D-mutant leukemia cells and highlight a new potential therapeutic strategy against PPM1D-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhang
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
| | - Joanne I Hsu
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Etienne D Braekeleer
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
- Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Tajhal D Patel
- Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Alejandra G Martell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Anna G Guzman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Katharina Wohlan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Sarah M Waldvogel
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Hidetaka Uryu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Ayala Tovy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
| | - Elsa Callen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Rebecca L Murdaugh
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Rosemary Richard
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Sandra Jansen
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Lisenka Vissers
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Bert BA de Vries
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Education, Innovation and Technology, Advanced Technology Cores, University of TexasHoustonUnited States
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Jamie Anastas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Genome Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - George Vassiliou
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyHoustonUnited States
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5
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Aquilani R, Brugnatelli S, Maestri R, Iadarola P, Corallo S, Pagani A, Serra F, Bellini A, Buonocore D, Dossena M, Boschi F, Verri M. Chemotherapy-Induced Changes in Plasma Amino Acids and Lipid Oxidation of Resected Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Background for Future Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5300. [PMID: 38791339 PMCID: PMC11121634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that FOLFOX and XELOX therapies negatively impact the metabolism of skeletal muscle and extra-muscle districts. This pilot study tested whether three-month FOLFOX or XELOX therapy produced changes in plasma amino acid levels (PAAL) (an estimation of whole-body amino acid metabolism) and in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid hyper oxidation. Fourteen ambulatory, resected patients with colorectal cancer scheduled to receive FOLFOX (n = 9) or XELOX (n = 5) therapy, after overnight fasting, underwent peripheral venous blood sampling, to determine PAAL and MDA before, during, and at the end of three-month therapy. Fifteen healthy matched subjects (controls) only underwent measures of PAAL at baseline. The results showed changes in 87.5% of plasma essential amino acids (EAAs) and 38.4% of non-EAAs in patients treated with FOLFOX or XELOX. These changes in EAAs occurred in two opposite directions: EAAs decreased with FOLFOX and increased or did not decrease with XELOX (interactions: from p = 0.034 to p = 0.003). Baseline plasma MDA levels in both FOLFOX and XELOX patients were above the normal range of values, and increased, albeit not significantly, during therapy. In conclusion, three-month FOLFOX or XELOX therapy affected plasma EAAs differently but not the baseline MDA levels, which were already high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aquilani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Silvia Brugnatelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering of the Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27040 Montescano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Salvatore Corallo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Anna Pagani
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Serra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Anna Bellini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Federica Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
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6
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Zhang L, Hsu JI, Braekeleer ED, Chen CW, Patel TD, Martell AG, Guzman AG, Wohlan K, Waldvogel SM, Urya H, Tovy A, Callen E, Murdaugh R, Richard R, Jansen S, Vissers L, de Vries BB, Nussenzweig A, Huang S, Coarfa C, Anastas JN, Takahashi K, Vassiliou G, Goodell MA. SOD1 is a synthetic lethal target in PPM1D-mutant leukemia cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.31.555634. [PMID: 37693622 PMCID: PMC10491179 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response is critical for maintaining genome integrity and is commonly disrupted in the development of cancer. PPM1D (protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D) is a master negative regulator of the response; gain-of-function mutations and amplifications of PPM1D are found across several human cancers making it a relevant pharmacologic target. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify synthetic-lethal dependencies of PPM1D, uncovering superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) as a potential target for PPM1D-mutant cells. We revealed a dysregulated redox landscape characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and a compromised response to oxidative stress in PPM1D-mutant cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate the protective role of SOD1 against oxidative stress in PPM1D-mutant leukemia cells and highlight a new potential therapeutic strategy against PPM1D-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhang
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
| | - Joanne I. Hsu
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Etienne D. Braekeleer
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
- Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tajhal D. Patel
- Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alejandra G. Martell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Anna G. Guzman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Katharina Wohlan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah M. Waldvogel
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hidetaka Urya
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ayala Tovy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
| | - Elsa Callen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca Murdaugh
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Rosemary Richard
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra Jansen
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisenka Vissers
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert B.A. de Vries
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Education, Innovation and Technology, Advanced Technology Cores
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jamie N. Anastas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Education, Innovation and Technology, Advanced Technology Cores
| | - George Vassiliou
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge
| | - Margaret A. Goodell
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX
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7
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Liu W, Wang B, Zhou M, Liu D, Chen F, Zhao X, Lu Y. Redox Dysregulation in the Tumor Microenvironment Contributes to Cancer Metastasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:472-490. [PMID: 37002890 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox dysregulation under pathological conditions results in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, leading to oxidative stress and cellular oxidative damage. ROS function as a double-edged sword to modulate various types of cancer development and survival. Recent Advances: Emerging evidence has underlined that ROS impact the behavior of both cancer cells and tumor-associated stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and these cells have developed complex systems to adapt to high ROS environments during cancer progression. Critical Issues: In this review, we integrated current progress regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and tumor-associated stromal cells in the TME and summarized how ROS production influences cancer cell behaviors. Then, we summarized the distinct effects of ROS during different stages of tumor metastasis. Finally, we discussed potential therapeutic strategies for modulating ROS for the treatment of cancer metastasis. Future Directions: Targeting the ROS regulation during cancer metastasis will provide important insights into the design of effective single or combinatorial cancer therapeutic strategies. Well-designed preclinical studies and clinical trials are urgently needed to understand the complex regulatory systems of ROS in the TME. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 472-490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanning Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Benada J, Bulanova D, Azzoni V, Petrosius V, Ghazanfar S, Wennerberg K, Sørensen C. Synthetic lethal interaction between WEE1 and PKMYT1 is a target for multiple low-dose treatment of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad029. [PMID: 37325550 PMCID: PMC10262308 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is driven by genetic alterations that necessitate protective DNA damage and replication stress responses through cell cycle control and genome maintenance. This creates specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited therapeutically. WEE1 kinase is a key cell cycle control kinase, and it has emerged as a promising cancer therapy target. However, adverse effects have limited its clinical progress, especially when tested in combination with chemotherapies. A strong genetic interaction between WEE1 and PKMYT1 led us to hypothesize that a multiple low-dose approach utilizing joint WEE1 and PKMYT1 inhibition would allow exploitation of the synthetic lethality. We found that the combination of WEE1 and PKMYT1 inhibition exhibited synergistic effects in eradicating ovarian cancer cells and organoid models at a low dose. The WEE1 and PKMYT1 inhibition synergistically promoted CDK activation. Furthermore, the combined treatment exacerbated DNA replication stress and replication catastrophe, leading to increase of the genomic instability and inflammatory STAT1 signalling activation. These findings suggest a new multiple low-dose approach to harness the potency of WEE1 inhibition through the synthetic lethal interaction with PKMYT1 that may contribute to the development of new treatments for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benada
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daria Bulanova
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Violette Azzoni
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Valdemaras Petrosius
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 224, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saba Ghazanfar
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Claus Storgaard Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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9
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Zhou X, An B, Lin Y, Ni Y, Zhao X, Liang X. Molecular mechanisms of ROS-modulated cancer chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115036. [PMID: 37354814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the main obstacle to achieving a cure in many cancer patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are master regulators of cancer development that act through complex mechanisms. Remarkably, ROS levels and antioxidant content are typically higher in drug-resistant cancer cells than in non-resistant and normal cells, and have been shown to play a central role in modulating drug resistance. Therefore, determining the underlying functions of ROS in the modulation of drug resistance will contribute to develop therapies that sensitize cancer resistant cells by leveraging ROS modulation. In this review, we summarize the notable literature on the sources and regulation of ROS production and highlight the complex roles of ROS in cancer chemoresistance, encompassing transcription factor-mediated chemoresistance, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and their impact on the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the potential of ROS-targeted therapies in overcoming tumor therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Biao An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanghong Ni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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10
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Walter M, Mayr F, Hanna BMF, Cookson V, Mortusewicz O, Helleday T, Herr P. NUDT22 promotes cancer growth through pyrimidine salvage. Oncogene 2023; 42:1282-1293. [PMID: 36871087 PMCID: PMC10101856 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The NUDIX hydrolase NUDT22 converts UDP-glucose into glucose-1-phosphate and the pyrimidine nucleotide uridine monophosphate but a biological significance for this biochemical reaction has not yet been established. Glucose-1-phosphate is an important metabolite for energy and biomass production through glycolysis and nucleotides required for DNA replication are produced through energetically expensive de novo or energy-efficient salvage pathways. Here, we describe p53-regulated pyrimidine salvage through NUDT22-dependent hydrolysis of UDP-glucose to maintain cancer cell growth and to prevent replication stress. NUDT22 expression is consistently elevated in cancer tissues and high NUDT22 expression correlates with worse survival outcomes in patients indicating an increased dependency of cancer cells to NUDT22. Furthermore, we show that NUDT22 transcription is induced after inhibition of glycolysis, MYC-mediated oncogenic stress, and DNA damage directly through p53. NUDT22-deficient cancer cells suffer from growth retardation, S-phase delay, and slower DNA replication fork speed. Uridine supplementation rescues replication fork progression and alleviates replication stress and DNA damage. Conversely, NUDT22 deficiency sensitizes cells to de novo pyrimidine synthesis inhibition in vitro and reduces cancer growth in vivo. In conclusion, NUDT22 maintains pyrimidine supply in cancer cells and depletion of NUDT22 leads to genome instability. Targeting NUDT22 therefore has high potential for therapeutic applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Walter
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Florian Mayr
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bishoy M F Hanna
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Cookson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Herr
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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11
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The CMG helicase and cancer: a tumor "engine" and weakness with missing mutations. Oncogene 2023; 42:473-490. [PMID: 36522488 PMCID: PMC9948756 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The replicative Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase is a large protein complex that functions in the DNA melting and unwinding steps as a component of replisomes during DNA replication in mammalian cells. Although the CMG performs this important role in cell growth, the CMG is not a simple bystander in cell cycle events. Components of the CMG, specifically the MCM precursors, are also involved in maintaining genomic stability by regulating DNA replication fork speeds, facilitating recovery from replicative stresses, and preventing consequential DNA damage. Given these important functions, MCM/CMG complexes are highly regulated by growth factors such as TGF-ß1 and by signaling factors such as Myc, Cyclin E, and the retinoblastoma protein. Mismanagement of MCM/CMG complexes when these signaling mediators are deregulated, and in the absence of the tumor suppressor protein p53, leads to increased genomic instability and is a contributor to tumorigenic transformation and tumor heterogeneity. The goal of this review is to provide insight into the mechanisms and dynamics by which the CMG is regulated during its assembly and activation in mammalian genomes, and how errors in CMG regulation due to oncogenic changes promote tumorigenesis. Finally, and most importantly, we highlight the emerging understanding of the CMG helicase as an exploitable vulnerability and novel target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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12
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da Costa AABA, Chowdhury D, Shapiro GI, D'Andrea AD, Konstantinopoulos PA. Targeting replication stress in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:38-58. [PMID: 36202931 PMCID: PMC11132912 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress is a major cause of genomic instability and a crucial vulnerability of cancer cells. This vulnerability can be therapeutically targeted by inhibiting kinases that coordinate the DNA damage response with cell cycle control, including ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 checkpoint kinases. In addition, inhibiting the DNA damage response releases DNA fragments into the cytoplasm, eliciting an innate immune response. Therefore, several ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation as monotherapies or in combination with chemotherapy, poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, or immune checkpoint inhibitors to capitalize on high replication stress, overcome therapeutic resistance and promote effective antitumour immunity. Here, we review current and emerging approaches for targeting replication stress in cancer, from preclinical and biomarker development to clinical trial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Zhao H, Jia P, Nanding K, Wu M, Bai X, Morigen M, Fan L. Lysophosphatidic acid suppresses apoptosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells by inducing autophagy activity and promotes cell-cycle progression via EGFR-PI3K/Aurora-A Thr288-geminin dual signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1046269. [PMID: 36601056 PMCID: PMC9806123 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1046269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and geminin are overexpressed in ovarian cancer, and increasing evidence supports their contribution to ovarian tumor development. Here, we reveal that geminin depletion induces autophagy suppression and enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells. Bioinformatics analysis and pharmacological inhibition studies confirm that LPA activates geminin expression in the early S phase in HGSOC cells via the LPAR1/3/MMPs/EGFR/PI3K/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, LPA phosphorylates Aurora-A kinase on Thr288 through EGFR transactivation, and this event potentiates additional geminin stabilization. In turn, overexpressed and stabilized geminin regulates DNA replication, cell-cycle progression, and cell proliferation of HGSOC cells. Our data provide potential targets for enhancing the clinical benefit of HGSOC precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lifei Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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14
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Overexpressed c-Myc Sensitizes Cells to TH1579, a Mitotic Arrest and Oxidative DNA Damage Inducer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121777. [PMID: 36551206 PMCID: PMC9775511 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that MTH1 inhibitors TH588 and TH1579 selectively induce oxidative damage and kill Ras-expressing or -transforming cancer cells, as compared to non-transforming immortalized or primary cells. While this explains the impressive anti-cancer properties of the compounds, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Several oncogenes induce replication stress, resulting in under replicated DNA and replication continuing into mitosis, where TH588 and TH1579 treatment causes toxicity and incorporation of oxidative damage. Hence, we hypothesized that oncogene-induced replication stress explains the cancer selectivity. To test this, we overexpressed c-Myc in human epithelial kidney cells (HA1EB), resulting in increased proliferation, polyploidy and replication stress. TH588 and TH1579 selectively kill c-Myc overexpressing clones, enforcing the cancer cell selective killing of these compounds. Moreover, the toxicity of TH588 and TH1579 in c-Myc overexpressing cells is rescued by transcription, proteasome or CDK1 inhibitors, but not by nucleoside supplementation. We conclude that the molecular toxicological mechanisms of how TH588 and TH1579 kill c-Myc overexpressing cells have several components and involve MTH1-independent proteasomal degradation of c-Myc itself, c-Myc-driven transcription and CDK activation.
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15
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Helleday T, Rudd SG. Targeting the DNA damage response and repair in cancer through nucleotide metabolism. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3792-3810. [PMID: 35583750 PMCID: PMC9627788 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of the DNA damage response and DNA repair proficiency of cancer cells is an important anticancer strategy. The replication and repair of DNA are dependent upon the supply of deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) building blocks, which are produced and maintained by nucleotide metabolic pathways. Enzymes within these pathways can be promising targets to selectively induce toxic DNA lesions in cancer cells. These same pathways also activate antimetabolites, an important group of chemotherapies that disrupt both nucleotide and DNA metabolism to induce DNA damage in cancer cells. Thus, dNTP metabolic enzymes can also be targeted to refine the use of these chemotherapeutics, many of which remain standard of care in common cancers. In this review article, we will discuss both these approaches exemplified by the enzymes MTH1, MTHFD2 and SAMHD1. © 2022 The Authors. Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer CentreUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | - Sean G. Rudd
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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16
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Hunter JE, Campbell AE, Kerridge S, Fraser C, Hannaway NL, Luli S, Ivanova I, Brownridge PJ, Coxhead J, Taylor L, Leary P, Hasoon MSR, Eyers CE, Perkins ND. Up-regulation of the PI3K/AKT and RHO/RAC/PAK signalling pathways in CHK1 inhibitor resistant Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells. Biochem J 2022; 479:2131-2151. [PMID: 36240067 PMCID: PMC9704644 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance and the activation of bypass pathway signalling represents a major problem for the clinical application of protein kinase inhibitors. While investigating the effect of either a c-Rel deletion or RelAT505A phosphosite knockin on the Eµ-Myc mouse model of B-cell lymphoma, we discovered that both NF-κB subunit mutations resulted in CHK1 inhibitor resistance, arising from either loss or alteration of CHK1 activity, respectively. However, since Eµ-Myc lymphomas depend on CHK1 activity to cope with high levels of DNA replication stress and consequent genomic instability, it was not clear how these mutant NF-κB subunit lymphomas were able to survive. To understand these survival mechanisms and to identify potential compensatory bypass signalling pathways in these lymphomas, we applied a multi-omics strategy. With c-Rel-/- Eµ-Myc lymphomas we observed high levels of Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT pathway activation. Moreover, treatment with the PI3K inhibitor Pictilisib (GDC-0941) selectively inhibited the growth of reimplanted c-Rel-/- and RelAT505A, but not wild type (WT) Eµ-Myc lymphomas. We also observed up-regulation of a RHO/RAC pathway gene expression signature in both Eµ-Myc NF-κB subunit mutation models. Further investigation demonstrated activation of the RHO/RAC effector p21-activated kinase (PAK) 2. Here, the PAK inhibitor, PF-3758309 successfully overcame resistance of RelAT505A but not WT lymphomas. These findings demonstrate that up-regulation of multiple bypass pathways occurs in CHK1 inhibitor resistant Eµ-Myc lymphomas. Consequently, drugs targeting these pathways could potentially be used as either second line or combinatorial therapies to aid the successful clinical application of CHK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Scott Kerridge
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Callum Fraser
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Hannaway
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging (PIVI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Iglika Ivanova
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Leigh Taylor
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Peter Leary
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Megan S. R. Hasoon
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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17
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Hunter JE, Campbell AE, Butterworth JA, Sellier H, Hannaway NL, Luli S, Floudas A, Kenneth NS, Moore AJ, Brownridge PJ, Thomas HD, Coxhead J, Taylor L, Leary P, Hasoon MS, Knight AM, Garrett MD, Collins I, Eyers CE, Perkins ND. Mutation of the RelA(p65) Thr505 phosphosite disrupts the DNA replication stress response leading to CHK1 inhibitor resistance. Biochem J 2022; 479:2087-2113. [PMID: 36240065 PMCID: PMC9704643 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Jacqueline A. Butterworth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Helene Sellier
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Hannaway
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Niall S. Kenneth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Adam J. Moore
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Huw D. Thomas
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Leigh Taylor
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Peter Leary
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Megan S.R. Hasoon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Andrew M. Knight
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Michelle D. Garrett
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Ian Collins
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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18
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Madgwick S, Luli S, Sellier H, Butterworth JA, Leslie J, Moore AJ, Corbin EK, Yemm AI, Chiremba RT, Tiniakos D, Oakley F, Perkins ND, Hunter JE. Claspin haploinsufficiency leads to defects in fertility, hyperplasia and an increased oncogenic potential. Biochem J 2022; 479:2115-2130. [PMID: 36240068 PMCID: PMC9704638 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Claspin is an adaptor protein required for ATR-dependent phosphorylation of CHK1 during S-phase following DNA replication stress. Claspin expression is highly variable in cancer, with low levels frequently correlating with poor patient survival. To learn more about the biological consequences of reduced Claspin expression and its effects on tumorigenesis, we investigated mice with a heterozygous knockout of the Clspn gene. Claspin haploinsufficiency resulted in reduced female fertility and a maternally inherited defect in oocyte meiosis I cell cycle progression. Furthermore, aged Clspn+/- mice developed spontaneous lymphoid hyperplasia and increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Importantly, we demonstrate a tumour suppressor role for Claspin. Reduced Claspin levels result in increased liver damage and tumourigenesis in the DEN model of hepatocellular carcinoma. These data reveal that Clspn haploinsufficiency has widespread unanticipated biological effects and establishes the importance of Claspin as a regulatory node controlling tumorigenesis and multiple disease aetiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Madgwick
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Preclinical In Vivo Imaging Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Helene Sellier
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jacqueline A. Butterworth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Adam J. Moore
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Emma K. Corbin
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Adrian I. Yemm
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Robson T. Chiremba
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Level 6, Herschel Building, Newcastle University, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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19
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Hunter JE, Campbell AE, Hannaway NL, Kerridge S, Luli S, Butterworth JA, Sellier H, Mukherjee R, Dhillon N, Sudhindar PD, Shukla R, Brownridge PJ, Bell HL, Coxhead J, Taylor L, Leary P, Hasoon MS, Collins I, Garrett MD, Eyers CE, Perkins ND. Regulation of CHK1 inhibitor resistance by a c-Rel and USP1 dependent pathway. Biochem J 2022; 479:2063-2086. [PMID: 36240066 PMCID: PMC9704646 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we discovered that deletion of c-Rel in the Eµ-Myc mouse model of lymphoma results in earlier onset of disease, a finding that contrasted with the expected function of this NF-κB subunit in B-cell malignancies. Here we report that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- cells have an unexpected and major defect in the CHK1 pathway. Total and phospho proteomic analysis revealed that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas highly resemble wild-type (WT) Eµ-Myc lymphomas treated with an acute dose of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) CCT244747. Further analysis demonstrated that this is a consequence of Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas having lost expression of CHK1 protein itself, an effect that also results in resistance to CCT244747 treatment in vivo. Similar down-regulation of CHK1 protein levels was also seen in CHK1i resistant U2OS osteosarcoma and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further investigation revealed that the deubiquitinase USP1 regulates CHK1 proteolytic degradation and that its down-regulation in our model systems is responsible, at least in part, for these effects. We demonstrate that treating WT Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells with the USP1 inhibitor ML323 was highly effective at reducing tumour burden in vivo. Targeting USP1 activity may thus be an alternative therapeutic strategy in MYC-driven tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Hannaway
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Scott Kerridge
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging (PIVI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jacqueline A. Butterworth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Helene Sellier
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Reshmi Mukherjee
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Nikita Dhillon
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Praveen D. Sudhindar
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Hayden L. Bell
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Leigh Taylor
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Peter Leary
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Megan S.R. Hasoon
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ian Collins
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Michelle D. Garrett
- School of Biosciences, Stacey Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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20
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Sarni D, Barroso S, Shtrikman A, Irony-Tur Sinai M, Oren YS, Aguilera A, Kerem B. Topoisomerase 1-dependent R-loop deficiency drives accelerated replication and genomic instability. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111397. [PMID: 36170822 PMCID: PMC9532845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a complex process tightly regulated to ensure faithful genome duplication, and its perturbation leads to DNA damage and genomic instability. Replication stress is commonly associated with slow and stalled replication forks. Recently, accelerated replication has emerged as a non-canonical form of replication stress. However, the molecular basis underlying fork acceleration is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutated HRAS activation leads to increased topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) expression, causing aberrant replication fork acceleration and DNA damage by decreasing RNA-DNA hybrids or R-loops. In these cells, restoration of TOP1 expression or mild replication inhibition rescues the perturbed replication and reduces DNA damage. Furthermore, TOP1 or RNaseH1 overexpression induces accelerated replication and DNA damage, highlighting the importance of TOP1 equilibrium in regulating R-loop homeostasis to ensure faithful DNA replication and genome integrity. Altogether, our results dissect a mechanism of oncogene-induced DNA damage by aberrant replication fork acceleration. Increased TOP1 expression by mutated RAS reduces R loops Low R-loop levels promote accelerated replication and DNA damage TOP1 restoration or mild replication inhibition rescue DNA acceleration and damage High TOP1 expression is associated with replication mutagenesis in cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sarni
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine CABIMER, Seville Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Alon Shtrikman
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michal Irony-Tur Sinai
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yifat S Oren
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine CABIMER, Seville Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Batsheva Kerem
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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21
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Human cytomegalovirus hijacks host stress response fueling replication stress and genome instability. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1639-1653. [PMID: 35194187 PMCID: PMC9346009 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections enhance cancer risk and threaten host genome integrity. Although human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins have been detected in a wide spectrum of human malignancies and HCMV infections have been implicated in tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a range of experimental approaches, including single-molecule DNA fiber analysis, and showed that infection by any of the four commonly used HCMV strains: AD169, Towne, TB40E or VR1814 induced replication stress (RS), as documented by host-cell replication fork asymmetry and formation of 53BP1 foci. The HCMV-evoked RS triggered an ensuing host DNA damage response (DDR) and chromosomal instability in both permissive and non-permissive human cells, the latter being particularly relevant in the context of tumorigenesis, as such cells can survive and proliferate after HCMV infection. The viral major immediate early enhancer and promoter (MIEP) that controls expression of the viral genes IE72 (IE-1) and IE86 (IE-2), contains transcription-factor binding sites shared by promoters of cellular stress-response genes. We found that DNA damaging insults, including those relevant for cancer therapy, enhanced IE72/86 expression. Thus, MIEP has been evolutionary shaped to exploit host DDR. Ectopically expressed IE72 and IE86 also induced RS and increased genomic instability. Of clinical relevance, we show that undergoing standard-of-care genotoxic radio-chemotherapy in patients with HCMV-positive glioblastomas correlated with elevated HCMV protein markers after tumor recurrence. Collectively, these results are consistent with our proposed concept of HCMV hijacking transcription-factor binding sites shared with host stress-response genes. We present a model to explain the potential oncomodulatory effects of HCMV infections through enhanced replication stress, subverted DNA damage response and induced genomic instability.
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22
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Meessen S, Najjar G, Azoitei A, Iben S, Bolenz C, Günes C. A Comparative Assessment of Replication Stress Markers in the Context of Telomerase. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092205. [PMID: 35565334 PMCID: PMC9103842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genetic alterations such as oncogenic- or aneuploidy-inducing mutations can induce replication stress as a tumor protection mechansim. Previous data indicated that telomerase may ameliorate the cellular responses that induce replication stress. However, the mechanisms how this may occur are still unclear. In order to address this question, the accurate evaluation of replication stress in the presence and absence of telomerase is crucial. Therefore, we used telomerase negative normal human fibroblasts, as well as their telomerase positive counterparts to compare the suitability of three protein markers (pRPA2, γ-H2AX and 53BP1), which were previously reported to accumulate in response to harmful conditions leading to replication stress in cells. In summary, we find that pRPA2 is the most consistent and reliable marker for the detection of replication stress. Further, we demonstrated that the inhibition of the DNA-damage activated ATM and ATR kinases by specific small compounds impaired the accumulation of pRPA2 foci in the absence of telomerase. These data suggest that telomerase rescues the cells from replication stress upon supression of DNA damage induction by modulating the ATM and ATR signaling pathways, and may therefore support tumor formation of genetically unstable cells. Abstract Aberrant replication stress (RS) is a source of genome instability and has serious implications for cell survival and tumourigenesis. Therefore, the detection of RS and the identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms are crucial for the understanding of tumourigenesis. Currently, three protein markers—p33-phosphorylated replication protein A2 (pRPA2), γ-phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX), and Tumor Protein P53 Binding Protein 1 (53BP1)—are frequently used to detect RS. However, to our knowledge, there is no report that compares their suitability for the detection of different sources of RS. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the suitability of pRPA2, γ-H2AX, and 53BP1 for the detection of RS caused by different sources of RS. In addition, we examine their suitability as markers of the telomerase-mediated alleviation of RS. For these purposes, we use here telomerase-negative human fibroblasts (BJ) and their telomerase-immortalized counterparts (BJ-hTERT). Replication stress was induced by the ectopic expression of the oncogenic RAS mutant RASG12V (OI-RS), by the knockdown of ploidy-control genes ORP3 or MAD2 (AI-RS), and by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (ROS-induced RS). The level of RS was determined by immunofluorescence staining for pRPA2, γ-H2AX, and 53BP1. Evaluation of the staining results revealed that pRPA2- and γ-H2AX provide a significant and reliable assessment of OI-RS and AI-RS compared to 53BP1. On the other hand, 53BP1 and pRPA2 proved to be superior to γ-H2AX for the evaluation of ROS-induced RS. Moreover, the data showed that among the tested markers, pRPA2 is best suited to evaluate the telomerase-mediated suppression of all three types of RS. In summary, the data indicate that the choice of marker is important for the evaluation of RS activated through different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Meessen
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Gregoire Najjar
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)731-500-58019; Fax: +49-(0)731-500-58093
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23
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Campioni G, Pasquale V, Busti S, Ducci G, Sacco E, Vanoni M. An Optimized Workflow for the Analysis of Metabolic Fluxes in Cancer Spheroids Using Seahorse Technology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050866. [PMID: 35269488 PMCID: PMC8909358 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cancer models, such as spheroids, are increasingly being used to study cancer metabolism because they can better recapitulate the molecular and physiological aspects of the tumor architecture than conventional monolayer cultures. Although Agilent Seahorse XFe96 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States) is a valuable technology for studying metabolic alterations occurring in cancer cells, its application to three-dimensional cultures is still poorly optimized. We present a reliable and reproducible workflow for the Seahorse metabolic analysis of three-dimensional cultures. An optimized protocol enables the formation of spheroids highly regular in shape and homogenous in size, reducing variability in metabolic parameters among the experimental replicates, both under basal and drug treatment conditions. High-resolution imaging allows the calculation of the number of viable cells in each spheroid, the normalization of metabolic parameters on a per-cell basis, and grouping of the spheroids as a function of their size. Multivariate statistical tests on metabolic parameters determined by the Mito Stress test on two breast cancer cell lines show that metabolic differences among the studied spheroids are mostly related to the cell line rather than to the size of the spheroid. The optimized workflow allows high-resolution metabolic characterization of three-dimensional cultures, their comparison with monolayer cultures, and may aid in the design and interpretation of (multi)drug protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Campioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (V.P.); (S.B.); (G.D.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO (Centre of Systems Biology), ISBE (Infrastructure Systems Biology Europe), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pasquale
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (V.P.); (S.B.); (G.D.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO (Centre of Systems Biology), ISBE (Infrastructure Systems Biology Europe), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Busti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (V.P.); (S.B.); (G.D.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO (Centre of Systems Biology), ISBE (Infrastructure Systems Biology Europe), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ducci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (V.P.); (S.B.); (G.D.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO (Centre of Systems Biology), ISBE (Infrastructure Systems Biology Europe), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (V.P.); (S.B.); (G.D.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO (Centre of Systems Biology), ISBE (Infrastructure Systems Biology Europe), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (V.P.); (S.B.); (G.D.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO (Centre of Systems Biology), ISBE (Infrastructure Systems Biology Europe), 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6448-3525
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24
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Xu Y, Fang H, Chen Y, Tang Y, Sun H, Kong Z, Yang F, Kirschner-Schwabe R, Zhu L, Toker A, Xiao N, Zhou BBS, Li H. The KRAS-G12D mutation induces metabolic vulnerability in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. iScience 2022; 25:103881. [PMID: 35243242 PMCID: PMC8861657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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25
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Wang Y, He J, Xu M, Xue Q, Zhu C, Liu J, Zhang Y, Shi W. Holistic View of ALK TKI Resistance in ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815654. [PMID: 35211406 PMCID: PMC8862178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed at early stages of normal development and in various cancers including ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL), in which it is the main therapeutic target. ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKIs) have greatly improved the prognosis of ALK+ALCL patients, but the emergence of drug resistance is inevitable and limits the applicability of these drugs. Although various mechanisms of resistance have been elucidated, the problem persists and there have been relatively few relevant clinical studies. This review describes research progress on ALK+ ALCL including the application and development of new therapies, especially in relation to drug resistance. We also propose potential treatment strategies based on current knowledge to inform the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Manyu Xu
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingfeng Xue
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cindy Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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26
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Guerrero Llobet S, Bhattacharya A, Everts M, Kok K, van der Vegt B, Fehrmann RSN, van Vugt MATM. An mRNA expression-based signature for oncogene-induced replication-stress. Oncogene 2022; 41:1216-1224. [PMID: 35091678 PMCID: PMC7612401 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced replication stress characterizes many aggressive cancers. Several treatments are being developed that target replication stress, however, identification of tumors with high levels of replication stress remains challenging. We describe a gene expression signature of oncogene-induced replication stress. A panel of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-transformed cell lines were engineered to overexpress CDC25A, CCNE1 or MYC, which resulted in slower replication kinetics. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a set of 52 commonly upregulated genes. In parallel, mRNA expression analysis of patient-derived tumor samples (TCGA, n = 10,592) also revealed differential gene expression in tumors with amplification of oncogenes that trigger replication stress (CDC25A, CCNE1, MYC, CCND1, MYB, MOS, KRAS, ERBB2, and E2F1). Upon integration, we identified a six-gene signature of oncogene-induced replication stress (NAT10, DDX27, ZNF48, C8ORF33, MOCS3, and MPP6). Immunohistochemical analysis of NAT10 in breast cancer samples (n = 330) showed strong correlation with expression of phospho-RPA (R = 0.451, p = 1.82 × 10-20) and γH2AX (R = 0.304, p = 2.95 × 10-9). Finally, we applied our oncogene-induced replication stress signature to patient samples from TCGA (n = 8,862) and GEO (n = 13,912) to define the levels of replication stress across 27 tumor subtypes, identifying diffuse large B cell lymphoma, ovarian cancer, TNBC and colorectal carcinoma as cancer subtypes with high levels of oncogene-induced replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Guerrero Llobet
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arkajyoti Bhattacharya
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Everts
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf S N Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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27
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Redding A, Aplin AE, Grabocka E. RAS-mediated tumor stress adaptation and the targeting opportunities it presents. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049280. [PMID: 35147163 PMCID: PMC8844456 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress is known to function in synergistic cooperation with oncogenic mutations during tumorigenesis to drive cancer progression. Oncogenic RAS is a strong inducer of a variety of pro-tumorigenic cellular stresses, and also enhances the ability of cells to tolerate these stresses through multiple mechanisms. Many of these oncogenic, RAS-driven, stress-adaptive mechanisms have also been implicated in tolerance and resistance to chemotherapy and to therapies that target the RAS pathway. Understanding how oncogenic RAS shapes cellular stress adaptation and how this functions in drug resistance is of vital importance for identifying new therapeutic targets and therapeutic combinations to treat RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elda Grabocka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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28
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Dey D, Hasan MM, Biswas P, Papadakos SP, Rayan RA, Tasnim S, Bilal M, Islam MJ, Arshe FA, Arshad EM, Farzana M, Rahaman TI, Baral SK, Paul P, Bibi S, Rahman MA, Kim B. Investigating the Anticancer Potential of Salvicine as a Modulator of Topoisomerase II and ROS Signaling Cascade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899009. [PMID: 35719997 PMCID: PMC9198638 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvicine is a new diterpenoid quinone substance from a natural source, specifically in a Chinese herb. It has powerful growth-controlling abilities against a broad range of human cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo environments. A significant inhibitory effect of salvicine on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells has also been discovered. Several research studies have examined the activities of salvicine on topoisomerase II (Topo II) by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. As opposed to the well-known Topo II toxin etoposide, salvicine mostly decreases the catalytic activity with a negligible DNA breakage effect, as revealed by several enzymatic experiments. Interestingly, salvicine dramatically reduces lung metastatic formation in the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic lung cancer cell line. Recent investigations have established that salvicine is a new non-intercalative Topo II toxin by interacting with the ATPase domains, increasing DNA-Topo II interaction, and suppressing DNA relegation and ATP hydrolysis. In addition, investigations have revealed that salvicine-induced ROS play a critical role in the anticancer-mediated signaling pathway, involving Topo II suppression, DNA damage, overcoming multidrug resistance, and tumor cell adhesion suppression, among other things. In the current study, we demonstrate the role of salvicine in regulating the ROS signaling pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) in suppressing the progression of cancer cells. We depict the mechanism of action of salvicine in suppressing the DNA-Topo II complex through ROS induction along with a brief discussion of the anticancer perspective of salvicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Rehab A. Rayan
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabiha Tasnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Mohammod Johirul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Alam Arshe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Efat Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Farzana
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Priyanka Paul
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
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Botrugno OA, Tonon G. Genomic Instability and Replicative Stress in Multiple Myeloma: The Final Curtain? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010025. [PMID: 35008191 PMCID: PMC8750813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genomic instability is recognized as a driving force in most cancers as well as in the haematological cancer multiple myeloma and remains among the leading cause of drug resistance. Several evidences suggest that replicative stress exerts a fundamental role in fuelling genomic instability. Notably, cancer cells rely on a single protein, ATR, to cope with the ensuing DNA damage. In this perspective, we provide an overview depicting how replicative stress represents an Achilles heel for multiple myeloma, which could be therapeutically exploited either alone or in combinatorial regimens to preferentially ablate tumor cells. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous hematological cancer that remains incurable despite the introduction of novel therapies in the clinic. Sadly, despite efforts spanning several decades, genomic analysis has failed to identify shared genetic aberrations that could be targeted in this disease. Seeking alternative strategies, various efforts have attempted to target and exploit non-oncogene addictions of MM cells, including, for example, proteasome inhibitors. The surprising finding that MM cells present rampant genomic instability has ignited concerted efforts to understand its origin and exploit it for therapeutic purposes. A credible hypothesis, supported by several lines of evidence, suggests that at the root of this phenotype there is intense replicative stress. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of replicative stress in eliciting genomic instability in MM and how MM cells rely on a single protein, Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein, ATR, to control and survive the ensuing, potentially fatal DNA damage. From this perspective, replicative stress per se represents not only an opportunity for MM cells to increase their evolutionary pool by increasing their genomic heterogeneity, but also a vulnerability that could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes to selectively target MM tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oronza A. Botrugno
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
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Czegle I, Gray AL, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. Mitochondria and Their Relationship with Common Genetic Abnormalities in Hematologic Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1351. [PMID: 34947882 PMCID: PMC8707674 DOI: 10.3390/life11121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are known to be associated with numerous cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes. In addition to morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry and clinical characteristics, these genetic alterations are typically required to diagnose myeloid, lymphoid, and plasma cell neoplasms. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, numerous genetic changes are highlighted, often defining a distinct subtype of a disease, or providing prognostic information. This review highlights how these molecular changes can alter mitochondrial bioenergetics, cell death pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and potentially be related to mitochondrial genetic changes. A better understanding of these processes emphasizes potential novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minjing Wang
- Independent Researcher, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA;
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Edina A. Wappler-Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
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Wang GR, Wu Q, Liu WP, Jing YM. Effect of Oxycodone hydrochloride combined with Dexmedetomidine on quality of recovery and stress response after general anesthesia in patients who had Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1408-1413. [PMID: 34475921 PMCID: PMC8377934 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.5.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of oxycodone hydrochloride combined with dexmedetomidine on the recovery quality and stress response during anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS Ninety patients who had LC in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM of Hebei from December 2016 to December 2019 were selected and divided into dexmedetomidine group (DEX group), oxycodone hydrochloride group (Q group), dexmedetomidine + oxycodone hydrochloride group (DQ group) by a random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. At the time before anesthesia induction (T0), and immediately (T1), 1 min (T2), 10 min (T3) and 30 minutes (T4) after extubation, the general vital signs of three groups were observed, and plasma cortisol (COR), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and blood glucose (GLU) were measured. The spontaneous respiration recovery time, wake-up time, VAS score of each time period after extubation, extubation quality score, and adverse event rate were recorded. RESULTS The vital signs at each time point of extubation, recovery time of spontaneous respiration, wake-up time, and extubation quality of DQ group were better than those of DEX group and Q group (P<0.05). The incidence of agitation, VAS score at T2 and T3, plasma concentrations of Cor, E, NE and Glu at T1, T3 and T4 in DQ group were significantly lower than those in Q group and DEX group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Oxycodone hydrochloride combined with dexmedetomidine can improve the recovery quality and reduce stress response in patients with LC after anesthesia, and can be safely used in patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-rui Wang
- Guo-rui Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM • Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- Qian Wu, Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM • Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-ping Liu
- Wen-ping Liu, Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM • Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-mo Jing
- Yu-mo Jing, Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM • Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF), are the main causes of death in Western countries. Several anticancer drugs and radiotherapy have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, promoting left ventricular dysfunction and ultimately HF. Nonetheless, the relationship between cancer and HF is likely not unidirectional. Indeed, cancer and HF share common risk factors, and both have a bidirectional relationship with systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and neurohormonal and immune activation. Few studies have assessed the impact of untreated cancer on the heart. The presence of an active cancer has been associated with elevated cardiac biomarkers, an initial impairment of left ventricular structure and function, autonomic dysfunction, and reduced exercise tolerance. In turn, these conditions might increase the risk of cardiac damage from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. HF drugs such as beta-blockers or inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system might exert a protective effect on the heart even before the start of cancer therapies. In this review, we recapitulate the evidence of cardiac involvement in cancer patients naïve from chemotherapy and radiotherapy and no history of cardiac disease. We also focus on the perspectives for an early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the progression to cardiac dysfunction and clinical HF, and the potential benefits of cardioactive drugs on cancer progression.
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Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Control in the DNA Damage Response to Oxidative Stress, Epigenetic Regulation, and Persistent Innate Immune Suppression Following Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071146. [PMID: 34356379 PMCID: PMC8301080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved extensive signaling mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis. While basal levels of oxidants are critical for normal signaling, a tipping point is reached when the level of oxidant species exceed cellular antioxidant capabilities. Myriad pathological conditions are characterized by elevated oxidative stress, which can cause alterations in cellular operations and damage to cellular components including nucleic acids. Maintenance of nuclear chromatin are critically important for host survival and eukaryotic organisms possess an elaborately orchestrated response to initiate repair of such DNA damage. Recent evidence indicates links between the cellular antioxidant response, the DNA damage response (DDR), and the epigenetic status of the cell under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. In this emerging model, the cellular response to excessive oxidants may include redox sensors that regulate both the DDR and an orchestrated change to the epigenome in a tightly controlled program that both protects and regulates the nuclear genome. Herein we use sepsis as a model of an inflammatory pathophysiological condition that results in elevated oxidative stress, upregulation of the DDR, and epigenetic reprogramming of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to discuss new evidence for interplay between the antioxidant response, the DNA damage response, and epigenetic status.
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Bainbridge LJ, Teague R, Doherty AJ. Repriming DNA synthesis: an intrinsic restart pathway that maintains efficient genome replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4831-4847. [PMID: 33744934 PMCID: PMC8136793 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To bypass a diverse range of fork stalling impediments encountered during genome replication, cells possess a variety of DNA damage tolerance (DDT) mechanisms including translesion synthesis, template switching, and fork reversal. These pathways function to bypass obstacles and allow efficient DNA synthesis to be maintained. In addition, lagging strand obstacles can also be circumvented by downstream priming during Okazaki fragment generation, leaving gaps to be filled post-replication. Whether repriming occurs on the leading strand has been intensely debated over the past half-century. Early studies indicated that both DNA strands were synthesised discontinuously. Although later studies suggested that leading strand synthesis was continuous, leading to the preferred semi-discontinuous replication model. However, more recently it has been established that replicative primases can perform leading strand repriming in prokaryotes. An analogous fork restart mechanism has also been identified in most eukaryotes, which possess a specialist primase called PrimPol that conducts repriming downstream of stalling lesions and structures. PrimPol also plays a more general role in maintaining efficient fork progression. Here, we review and discuss the historical evidence and recent discoveries that substantiate repriming as an intrinsic replication restart pathway for maintaining efficient genome duplication across all domains of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Bainbridge
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Teague
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Aidan J Doherty
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
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Curti L, Campaner S. MYC-Induced Replicative Stress: A Double-Edged Sword for Cancer Development and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6168. [PMID: 34201047 PMCID: PMC8227504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor that controls the expression of a large fraction of cellular genes linked to cell cycle progression, metabolism and differentiation. MYC deregulation in tumors leads to its pervasive genome-wide binding of both promoters and distal regulatory regions, associated with selective transcriptional control of a large fraction of cellular genes. This pairs with alterations of cell cycle control which drive anticipated S-phase entry and reshape the DNA-replication landscape. Under these circumstances, the fine tuning of DNA replication and transcription becomes critical and may pose an intrinsic liability in MYC-overexpressing cancer cells. Here, we will review the current understanding of how MYC controls DNA and RNA synthesis, discuss evidence of replicative and transcriptional stress induced by MYC and summarize preclinical data supporting the therapeutic potential of triggering replicative stress in MYC-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Curti
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@CGS, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@CGS, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
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36
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Stok C, Kok Y, van den Tempel N, van Vugt MATM. Shaping the BRCAness mutational landscape by alternative double-strand break repair, replication stress and mitotic aberrancies. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4239-4257. [PMID: 33744950 PMCID: PMC8096281 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours with mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes have impaired double-stranded DNA break repair, compromised replication fork protection and increased sensitivity to replication blocking agents, a phenotype collectively known as 'BRCAness'. Tumours with a BRCAness phenotype become dependent on alternative repair pathways that are error-prone and introduce specific patterns of somatic mutations across the genome. The increasing availability of next-generation sequencing data of tumour samples has enabled identification of distinct mutational signatures associated with BRCAness. These signatures reveal that alternative repair pathways, including Polymerase θ-mediated alternative end-joining and RAD52-mediated single strand annealing are active in BRCA1/2-deficient tumours, pointing towards potential therapeutic targets in these tumours. Additionally, insight into the mutations and consequences of unrepaired DNA lesions may also aid in the identification of BRCA-like tumours lacking BRCA1/BRCA2 gene inactivation. This is clinically relevant, as these tumours respond favourably to treatment with DNA-damaging agents, including PARP inhibitors or cisplatin, which have been successfully used to treat patients with BRCA1/2-defective tumours. In this review, we aim to provide insight in the origins of the mutational landscape associated with BRCAness by exploring the molecular biology of alternative DNA repair pathways, which may represent actionable therapeutic targets in in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Stok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick P Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van den Tempel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Tsao WC, Buj R, Aird KM, Sidorova JM, Eckert KA. Overexpression of oncogenic H-Ras in hTERT-immortalized and SV40-transformed human cells targets replicative and specialized DNA polymerases for depletion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251188. [PMID: 33961649 PMCID: PMC8104423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerases play essential functions in replication fork progression and genome maintenance. DNA lesions and drug-induced replication stress result in up-regulation and re-localization of specialized DNA polymerases η and κ. Although oncogene activation significantly alters DNA replication dynamics, causing replication stress and genome instability, little is known about DNA polymerase expression and regulation in response to oncogene activation. Here, we investigated the consequences of mutant H-RASG12V overexpression on the regulation of DNA polymerases in h-TERT immortalized and SV40-transformed human cells. Focusing on DNA polymerases associated with the replication fork, we demonstrate that DNA polymerases are depleted in a temporal manner in response to H-RASG12V overexpression. The polymerases targeted for depletion, as cells display markers of senescence, include the Pol α catalytic subunit (POLA1), Pol δ catalytic and p68 subunits (POLD1 and POLD3), Pol η, and Pol κ. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms mediate this response. Pol η (POLH) depletion is sufficient to induce a senescence-like growth arrest in human foreskin fibroblast BJ5a cells, and is associated with decreased Pol α expression. Using an SV-40 transformed cell model, we observed cell cycle checkpoint signaling differences in cells with H-RasG12V-induced polymerase depletion, as compared to Pol η-deficient cells. Our findings contribute to our understanding of cellular events following oncogene activation and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-chung Tsao
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia M. Sidorova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristin A. Eckert
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Klotz-Noack K, Klinger B, Rivera M, Bublitz N, Uhlitz F, Riemer P, Lüthen M, Sell T, Kasack K, Gastl B, Ispasanie SSS, Simon T, Janssen N, Schwab M, Zuber J, Horst D, Blüthgen N, Schäfer R, Morkel M, Sers C. SFPQ Depletion Is Synthetically Lethal with BRAF V600E in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108184. [PMID: 32966782 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoproteins such as the BRAFV600E kinase endow cancer cells with malignant properties, but they also create unique vulnerabilities. Targeting of BRAFV600E-driven cytoplasmic signaling networks has proved ineffective, as patients regularly relapse with reactivation of the targeted pathways. We identify the nuclear protein SFPQ to be synthetically lethal with BRAFV600E in a loss-of-function shRNA screen. SFPQ depletion decreases proliferation and specifically induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis in BRAFV600E-driven colorectal and melanoma cells. Mechanistically, SFPQ loss in BRAF-mutant cancer cells triggers the Chk1-dependent replication checkpoint, results in decreased numbers and reduced activities of replication factories, and increases collision between replication and transcription. We find that BRAFV600E-mutant cancer cells and organoids are sensitive to combinations of Chk1 inhibitors and chemically induced replication stress, pointing toward future therapeutic approaches exploiting nuclear vulnerabilities induced by BRAFV600E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Klotz-Noack
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram Klinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences & Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Rivera
- EPO Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Onkologie Berlin-Buch GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Bublitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Uhlitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences & Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Riemer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareen Lüthen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Sell
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences & Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Kasack
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Gastl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia S S Ispasanie
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tincy Simon
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch - Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstraße 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch - Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstraße 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany; Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, VBC, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Horst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences & Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Sers
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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Barrera G, Cucci MA, Grattarola M, Dianzani C, Muzio G, Pizzimenti S. Control of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Chemoresistance: Spotlight on Nrf2 Role. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040510. [PMID: 33805928 PMCID: PMC8064392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance represents the main obstacle to cancer treatment with both conventional and targeted therapy. Beyond specific molecular alterations, which can lead to targeted therapy, metabolic remodeling, including the control of redox status, plays an important role in cancer cell survival following therapy. Although cancer cells generally have a high basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which makes them more susceptible than normal cells to a further increase of ROS, chemoresistant cancer cells become highly adapted to intrinsic or drug-induced oxidative stress by upregulating their antioxidant systems. The antioxidant response is principally mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2, which has been considered the master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 expression is often increased in several types of chemoresistant cancer cells, and its expression is mediated by diverse mechanisms. In addition to Nrf2, other transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators can participate to maintain the high antioxidant levels in chemo and radio-resistant cancer cells. The control of expression and function of these molecules has been recently deepened to identify which of these could be used as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of tumors resistant to conventional therapy. In this review, we report the more recent advances in the study of Nrf2 regulation in chemoresistant cancers and the role played by other transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators in the control of antioxidant responses in chemoresistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Angele Cucci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Margherita Grattarola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 11, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
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Barbouti A, Lagopati N, Veroutis D, Goulas V, Evangelou K, Kanavaros P, Gorgoulis VG, Galaris D. Implication of Dietary Iron-Chelating Bioactive Compounds in Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Ageing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:491. [PMID: 33800975 PMCID: PMC8003849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the prevailing perceptions regarding the ageing of cells and organisms is the intracellular gradual accumulation of oxidatively damaged macromolecules, leading to the decline of cell and organ function (free radical theory of ageing). This chemically undefined material known as "lipofuscin," "ceroid," or "age pigment" is mainly formed through unregulated and nonspecific oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules that are induced by highly reactive free radicals. A necessary precondition for reactive free radical generation and lipofuscin formation is the intracellular availability of ferrous iron (Fe2+) ("labile iron"), catalyzing the conversion of weak oxidants such as peroxides, to extremely reactive ones like hydroxyl (HO•) or alcoxyl (RO•) radicals. If the oxidized materials remain unrepaired for extended periods of time, they can be further oxidized to generate ultimate over-oxidized products that are unable to be repaired, degraded, or exocytosed by the relevant cellular systems. Additionally, over-oxidized materials might inactivate cellular protection and repair mechanisms, thus allowing for futile cycles of increasingly rapid lipofuscin accumulation. In this review paper, we present evidence that the modulation of the labile iron pool distribution by nutritional or pharmacological means represents a hitherto unappreciated target for hampering lipofuscin accumulation and cellular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Barbouti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus;
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (D.V.); (K.E.); (V.G.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Galaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
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Cararo-Lopes E, Dias MH, da Silva MS, Zeidler JD, Vessoni AT, Reis MS, Boccardo E, Armelin HA. Autophagy buffers Ras-induced genotoxic stress enabling malignant transformation in keratinocytes primed by human papillomavirus. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:194. [PMID: 33602932 PMCID: PMC7892846 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation involves an orchestrated rearrangement of cell cycle regulation mechanisms that must balance autonomic mitogenic impulses and deleterious oncogenic stress. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent in populations around the globe, whereas the incidence of cervical cancer is 0.15%. Since HPV infection primes cervical keratinocytes to undergo malignant transformation, we can assume that the balance between transforming mitogenic signals and oncogenic stress is rarely attained. We showed that highly transforming mitogenic signals triggered by HRasG12V activity in E6E7-HPV-keratinocytes generate strong replication and oxidative stresses. These stresses are counteracted by autophagy induction that buffers the rapid increase of ROS that is the main cause of genotoxic stress promoted by the oncoprotein. As a result, autophagy creates a narrow window of opportunity for malignant keratinocytes to emerge. This work shows that autophagy is crucial to allow the transition of E6E7 keratinocytes from an immortalized to a malignant state caused by HRasG12V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S da Silva
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
- Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Alexandre T Vessoni
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcelo S Reis
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo A Armelin
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Fouad S, Hauton D, D'Angiolella V. E2F1: Cause and Consequence of DNA Replication Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:599332. [PMID: 33665206 PMCID: PMC7921158 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.599332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, cell cycle entry occurs in response to the correct stimuli and is promoted by the transcriptional activity of E2F family members. E2F proteins regulate the transcription of S phase cyclins and genes required for DNA replication, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The activity of E2F1, the archetypal and most heavily studied E2F family member, is tightly controlled by the DNA damage checkpoints to modulate cell cycle progression and initiate programmed cell death, when required. Altered tumor suppressor and oncogenic signaling pathways often result in direct or indirect interference with E2F1 regulation to ensure higher rates of cell proliferation independently of external cues. Despite a clear link between dysregulated E2F1 activity and cancer progression, literature on the contribution of E2F1 to DNA replication stress phenotypes is somewhat scarce. This review discusses how dysfunctional tumor suppressor and oncogenic signaling pathways promote the disruption of E2F1 transcription and hence of its transcriptional targets, and how such events have the potential to drive DNA replication stress. In addition to the involvement of E2F1 upstream of DNA replication stress, this manuscript also considers the role of E2F1 as a downstream effector of the response to this type of cellular stress. Lastly, the review introduces some reflections on how E2F1 activity is integrated with checkpoint control through post-translational regulation, and proposes an exploitable tumor weakness based on this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Fouad
- Department of Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Hauton
- Department of Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Department of Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Targeted Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer: Overview of Current Treatments and New Opportunities for Personalized Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040799. [PMID: 33672917 PMCID: PMC7918504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the only treatment option for most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Currently, the median overall survival of patients with advanced disease rarely exceeds 1 year. The complex network of pancreatic cancer composed of immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts confers intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity with distinct proliferative and metastatic propensity. This heterogeneity can explain why tumors do not behave uniformly and are able to escape therapy. The advance in technology of whole-genome sequencing has now provided the possibility of identifying every somatic mutation, copy-number change, and structural variant in a given cancer, giving rise to personalized targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the current and emerging treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer. By highlighting new paradigms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment, we hope to stimulate new thoughts for clinical trials aimed at improving patient outcomes.
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Purohit V, Wang L, Yang H, Li J, Ney GM, Gumkowski ER, Vaidya AJ, Wang A, Bhardwaj A, Zhao E, Dolgalev I, Zamperone A, Abel EV, Magliano MPD, Crawford HC, Diolaiti D, Papagiannakopoulos TY, Lyssiotis CA, Simeone DM. ATDC binds to KEAP1 to drive NRF2-mediated tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Genes Dev 2021; 35:218-233. [PMID: 33446568 PMCID: PMC7849366 DOI: 10.1101/gad.344184.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease characterized by late diagnosis, propensity for early metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Little is known about the mechanisms that drive innate therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer. The ataxia-telangiectasia group D-associated gene (ATDC) is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Our study reveals that increased ATDC levels protect cancer cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) via stabilization of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Mechanistically, ATDC binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), the principal regulator of NRF2 degradation, and thereby prevents degradation of NRF2 resulting in activation of a NRF2-dependent transcriptional program, reduced intracellular ROS and enhanced chemoresistance. Our findings define a novel role of ATDC in regulating redox balance and chemotherapeutic resistance by modulating NRF2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinee Purohit
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Lidong Wang
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Huibin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Gina M Ney
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Erica R Gumkowski
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Akash J Vaidya
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Annie Wang
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Amit Bhardwaj
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ende Zhao
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Andrea Zamperone
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ethan V Abel
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Marina Pasca Di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Diolaiti
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Thales Y Papagiannakopoulos
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Rodríguez A, Zhang K, Färkkilä A, Filiatrault J, Yang C, Velázquez M, Furutani E, Goldman DC, García de Teresa B, Garza-Mayén G, McQueen K, Sambel LA, Molina B, Torres L, González M, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Fleming WH, Grompe M, Shimamura A, Hautaniemi S, Greenberger J, Frías S, Parmar K, D'Andrea AD. MYC Promotes Bone Marrow Stem Cell Dysfunction in Fanconi Anemia. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:33-47.e8. [PMID: 32997960 PMCID: PMC7796920 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow failure (BMF) in Fanconi anemia (FA) patients results from dysfunctional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). To identify determinants of BMF, we performed single-cell transcriptome profiling of primary HSPCs from FA patients. In addition to overexpression of p53 and TGF-β pathway genes, we identified high levels of MYC expression. We correspondingly observed coexistence of distinct HSPC subpopulations expressing high levels of TP53 or MYC in FA bone marrow (BM). Inhibiting MYC expression with the BET bromodomain inhibitor (+)-JQ1 reduced the clonogenic potential of FA patient HSPCs but rescued physiological and genotoxic stress in HSPCs from FA mice, showing that MYC promotes proliferation while increasing DNA damage. MYC-high HSPCs showed significant downregulation of cell adhesion genes, consistent with enhanced egress of FA HSPCs from bone marrow to peripheral blood. We speculate that MYC overexpression impairs HSPC function in FA patients and contributes to exhaustion in FA bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rodríguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Kaiyang Zhang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jessica Filiatrault
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martha Velázquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elissa Furutani
- Dana Farber and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devorah C Goldman
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - Gilda Garza-Mayén
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Kelsey McQueen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Larissa A Sambel
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bertha Molina
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Leda Torres
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Marisol González
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla 74360, Mexico
| | - William H Fleming
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Dana Farber and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Joel Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sara Frías
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Kalindi Parmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Visnes T, Benítez-Buelga C, Cázares-Körner A, Sanjiv K, Hanna BMF, Mortusewicz O, Rajagopal V, Albers JJ, Hagey DW, Bekkhus T, Eshtad S, Baquero JM, Masuyer G, Wallner O, Müller S, Pham T, Göktürk C, Rasti A, Suman S, Torres-Ruiz R, Sarno A, Wiita E, Homan EJ, Karsten S, Marimuthu K, Michel M, Koolmeister T, Scobie M, Loseva O, Almlöf I, Unterlass JE, Pettke A, Boström J, Pandey M, Gad H, Herr P, Jemth AS, El Andaloussi S, Kalderén C, Rodriguez-Perales S, Benítez J, Krokan HE, Altun M, Stenmark P, Berglund UW, Helleday T. Targeting OGG1 arrests cancer cell proliferation by inducing replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:12234-12251. [PMID: 33211885 PMCID: PMC7708037 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered oncogene expression in cancer cells causes loss of redox homeostasis resulting in oxidative DNA damage, e.g. 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), repaired by base excision repair (BER). PARP1 coordinates BER and relies on the upstream 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) to recognise and excise 8-oxoG. Here we hypothesize that OGG1 may represent an attractive target to exploit reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation in cancer. Although OGG1 depletion is well tolerated in non-transformed cells, we report here that OGG1 depletion obstructs A3 T-cell lymphoblastic acute leukemia growth in vitro and in vivo, validating OGG1 as a potential anti-cancer target. In line with this hypothesis, we show that OGG1 inhibitors (OGG1i) target a wide range of cancer cells, with a favourable therapeutic index compared to non-transformed cells. Mechanistically, OGG1i and shRNA depletion cause S-phase DNA damage, replication stress and proliferation arrest or cell death, representing a novel mechanistic approach to target cancer. This study adds OGG1 to the list of BER factors, e.g. PARP1, as potential targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torkild Visnes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, N-7465 Trondheim,Norway
| | - Carlos Benítez-Buelga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Cázares-Körner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bishoy M F Hanna
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Varshni Rajagopal
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian J Albers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Bekkhus
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saeed Eshtad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Miguel Baquero
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Masuyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation. University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Olov Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Müller
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Göktürk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharda Suman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Environment and New Resources, SINTEF Ocean, N-7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert J Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stella Karsten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karthick Marimuthu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith Edda Unterlass
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Pettke
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Boström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Pandey
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Helge Gad
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Patrick Herr
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Kalderén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans E Krokan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mikael Altun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Belisario DC, Kopecka J, Pasino M, Akman M, De Smaele E, Donadelli M, Riganti C. Hypoxia Dictates Metabolic Rewiring of Tumors: Implications for Chemoresistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122598. [PMID: 33291643 PMCID: PMC7761956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition commonly observed in the core of solid tumors. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response increasing the pro-survival and pro-invasive phenotype of cancer cells, and determine a broad metabolic rewiring. These events favor tumor progression and chemoresistance. The increase in glucose and amino acid uptake, glycolytic flux, and lactate production; the alterations in glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation; the high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; the modulation of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation are hallmarks of the metabolic rewiring induced by hypoxia. This review discusses how metabolic-dependent factors (e.g., increased acidification of tumor microenvironment coupled with intracellular alkalinization, and reduced mitochondrial metabolism), and metabolic-independent factors (e.g., increased expression of drug efflux transporters, stemness maintenance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition) cooperate in determining chemoresistance in hypoxia. Specific metabolic modifiers, however, can reverse the metabolic phenotype of hypoxic tumor areas that are more chemoresistant into the phenotype typical of chemosensitive cells. We propose these metabolic modifiers, able to reverse the hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring, as potential chemosensitizer agents against hypoxic and refractory tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Pasino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5857
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49
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Lactate in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Essential Molecule in Cancer Progression and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113244. [PMID: 33153193 PMCID: PMC7693872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of lactate in cancer described by Otto Warburg in 1927 states that cancer cells uptake high amount of glucose with a marked increase in lactate production, this is known as the “Warburg effect”. Since then lactate turn out to be a major signaling molecule in cancer progression. Its release from tumor cells is accompanied by acidification ranging from 6.3 to 6.9 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which favors processes such as tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor resistance and more importantly, immunosuppression which has been associated with a poor outcome. The goal of this review is to examine and discuss in deep detail the recent studies that address the role of lactate in all these cancerous processes. Lastly, we explore the efforts to target the lactate production and its transport as a promising approach for cancer therapeutics. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease that includes the reprogramming of metabolic pathways by malignant proliferating cells, including those affecting the tumor microenvironment (TME). The “TME concept” was introduced in recognition of the roles played by factors other than tumor cells in cancer progression. In response to the hypoxic or semi-hypoxic characteristic of the TME, cancer cells generate a large amount of lactate via the metabolism of glucose and glutamine. Export of this newly generated lactate by the tumor cells together with H+ prevents intracellular acidification but acidifies the TME. In recent years, the importance of lactate and acidosis in carcinogenesis has gained increasing attention, including the role of lactate as a tumor-promoting metabolite. Here we review the existing literature on lactate metabolism in tumor cells and the ability of extracellular lactate to direct the metabolic reprogramming of those cells. Studies demonstrating the roles of lactate in biological processes that drive or sustain carcinogenesis (tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor resistance) and lactate’s role as an immunosuppressor that contributes to tumor evasion are also considered. Finally, we consider recent therapeutic efforts using available drugs directed at and interfering with lactate production and transport in cancer treatment.
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50
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Kostyuk AI, Panova AS, Kokova AD, Kotova DA, Maltsev DI, Podgorny OV, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. In Vivo Imaging with Genetically Encoded Redox Biosensors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8164. [PMID: 33142884 PMCID: PMC7662651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions are of high fundamental and practical interest since they are involved in both normal physiology and the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, this area of research has always been a relatively problematic field in the context of analytical approaches, mostly because of the unstable nature of the compounds that are measured. Genetically encoded sensors allow for the registration of highly reactive molecules in real-time mode and, therefore, they began a new era in redox biology. Their strongest points manifest most brightly in in vivo experiments and pave the way for the non-invasive investigation of biochemical pathways that proceed in organisms from different systematic groups. In the first part of the review, we briefly describe the redox sensors that were used in vivo as well as summarize the model systems to which they were applied. Next, we thoroughly discuss the biological results obtained in these studies in regard to animals, plants, as well as unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes. We hope that this work reflects the amazing power of this technology and can serve as a useful guide for biologists and chemists who work in the field of redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S. Panova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D. Kokova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Kotova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I. Maltsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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