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Su R, Guo R, Liu Z, Yuan Y, Zhang W. Heavy metal pollution alters reproductive performance and mate choice in an anuran, Strauchbufo raddei. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115675. [PMID: 37864859 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of pollution on reproductive performance and sexual selection is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity in an increasingly polluted world. The present study focused on the effect of environmental heavy metal pollution on sexually selected traits, including morphological characteristics and acoustic parameters, as well as mate choice in Strauchbufo raddei, an anuran species widely distributed in Northern China. The results showed that male courtship signals, including forelimb length, forelimb force, and advertisement calls, have evolved under the pressure of heavy metal pollution in young S. raddei. In addition, the breeding age was lower in the polluted areas, and younger individuals had more mating opportunities. However, males with heightened reproductive performance did not show the expected higher individual quality. The current study suggests that exposure to heavy metal pollution can induce stress in males, altering reproductive performance and further disrupting mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- School of Information Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongna Yuan
- School of Information Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Chen H, Zhong K, Zhang Y, Xie L, Chen P. Bisphenol A Interferes with Redox Balance and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Xenopus tropicalis during Embryonic Development. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070937. [PMID: 35405925 PMCID: PMC8996838 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxicological studies of the effects of BPA on tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) early embryos show that temporary exposure to BPA during early embryonic development can result in dramatic teratogenesis, DNA damage, and abnormal gene expression. The overall results of this study provide valuable insights for a more holistic assessment of the environmental risks related to BPA in aquatic ecosystems. Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, is widely used and largely released into the hydrosphere, thus inducing adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Here, Xenopus tropicalis was used as an animal model to investigate the oxidative effects of BPA on early embryonic development. BPA exposure prevalently caused development delay and shortened body length. Furthermore, BPA exposure significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in embryos. Thus, the details of BPA interference with antioxidant regulatory pathways during frog early embryonic development should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Keke Zhong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongpu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Xie
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (P.C.)
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Cruz-Santiago O, Castillo CG, Espinosa-Reyes G, Pérez-Maldonado IN, González-Mille DJ, Cuevas-Díaz MDC, Ilizaliturri-Hernández CA. Giant Toads (Rhinella marina) From the Industrial Zones of Low Basin of the Coatzacoalcos River (Veracruz, MX) Presents Genotoxicity in Erythrocytes. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:64-70. [PMID: 33723652 PMCID: PMC7958936 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The lower basin of Coatzacoalcos River is one of the most polluted regions of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Organochlorine compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals have been registered in this region. In the present study, genotoxicity was evaluated in the blood of giant toads (Rhinella marina) from Coatzacoalcos' rural and industrial zones, and compared with laboratory toads. Determination of the frequency of micronucleus and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities by the light microscope and cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry were used as biomarkers of genotoxicity. We found more variability in micronucleus and more nuclear buds in toads from industrial zones. Also, cell cycle alterations and an increase of apoptosis in erythrocytes were found in toads from rural and industrial zones. Multivariate statistics show that the toads from the industrial zone were more affected than toads from laboratory and rural zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cruz-Santiago
- Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA), Agenda Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Claudia G Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Donaji J González-Mille
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - María Del Carmen Cuevas-Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Veracruzana Campus Coatzacoalcos, Av. Universidad Km 7.5, Santa Isabel, 96538, Veracruz, México
| | - César A Ilizaliturri-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, México.
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Sargsyan A, Simonyan A, Hovhannisyan G, Arakelyan M, Aroutiounian R. Application of the comet assay, micronucleus test and global DNA methylation analysis in Darevskia lizards as a sentinel organism for genotoxic monitoring of soil pollution. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zhang W, Guo R, Ai S, Yang Y, Ding J, Zhang Y. Long-term heavy metal pollution varied female reproduction investment in free-living anura, Bufo raddei. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:136-142. [PMID: 29734069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environment contamination is known to affect the growth, reproduction, and even mortality of anuran species, and hence modulate their life history traits. Although knowledge of the ability of amphibians to cope with harsh environments has gained ongoing research, the reproductive strategy of free-living amphibians subjected to long-term heavy metal pollution is largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the variation in the life history traits, including age structure, maturation age, reproductive investment, and reproduction trade-off, in female Bufo raddei, a widespread anuran in Baiyin (BY) in northwest of China, subjected to sublethal heavy metal pollution. B. raddei collected from Liujiaxia (LJX), a relatively unpolluted area, were used as control. Skeletochronological analysis revealed variation in the average breeding age of females: more than 70% of females from BY began to breed 1 year before the toads collected from LJX. Females from BY tended to prioritize reproduction over survival and invested more in their first reproductive event. Further, females in BY with a high fluctuating asymmetry index showed a relatively lower reproductive investment. For trade-off in offspring number and size, BY population optimize larger clutch sizes with smaller egg size compared with population in LJX. Changes in female reproductive investment caused by heavy metal pollution might ultimately alter the structural stability of amphibian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shiwei Ai
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Ding
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Ismail M, Ali R, Shahid M, Khan MA, Zubair M, Ali T, Mahmood Khan Q. Genotoxic and hematological effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:22-26. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1280047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ismail
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan,
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Rahat Ali
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Asaf Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Tayyaba Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Mahmood Khan
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan,
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Si W, He X, Li A, Liu L, Li J, Gong D, Liu J, Liu J, Shen W, Zhang X. Application of an integrated biomarker response index to assess ground water contamination in the vicinity of a rare earth mine tailings site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17345-17356. [PMID: 27230138 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We utilized a multi-biomarker approach (Integrated Biomarker Response version 2, IBRv2) to investigate the scope and dispersion of groundwater contamination surrounding a rare earth mine tailings impoundment. Parameters of SD rat included in our IBRv2 analyses were glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, total anti-oxidative capacity, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus formation. The concentration of 20 pollutants including Cl(-), SO4 (2-), Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), TH, CODMn, As, Se, TDS, Be, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Pb in the groundwater were also analyzed. The results of this study indicated that groundwater polluted by tailings impoundment leakage exhibited significant ecotoxicological effects. The selected biomarkers responded sensitively to groundwater pollution. Analyses showed a significant relationship between IBRv2 values and the Nemerow composite index. IBRv2 could serve as a sensitive ecotoxicological diagnosis method for assessing groundwater contamination in the vicinity of rare earth mine tailings. According to the trend of IBRv2 value and Nemerow composite index, the maximum diffusion distance of groundwater pollutants from rare earth mine tailings was approximately 5.7 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantong Si
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Scientific and Technical, Baotou, 014010, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, MEP, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Scientific and Technical, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Ailing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45201, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Botou Teachers' College, Baotou, 014030, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Donghui Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Scientific and Technical, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Scientific and Technical, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Jumei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Scientific and Technical, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Weishou Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, MEP, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Scientific and Technical, Baotou, 014010, China.
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Gombeau K, Pereira S, Ravanat JL, Camilleri V, Cavalie I, Bourdineaud JP, Adam-Guillermin C. Depleted uranium induces sex- and tissue-specific methylation patterns in adult zebrafish. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 154:25-33. [PMID: 26829549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of chronic exposure to different concentrations (2 and 20 μg L(-)(1)) of environmentally relevant waterborne depleted uranium (DU) on the DNA methylation patterns both at HpaII restriction sites (5'-CCGG-3') and across the whole genome in the zebrafish brain, gonads, and eyes. We first identified sex-dependent differences in the methylation level of HpaII sites after exposure. In males, these effects were present as early as 7 days after exposure to 20 μg L(-)(1) DU, and were even more pronounced in the brain, gonads, and eyes after 24 days. However, in females, hypomethylation was only observed in the gonads after exposure to 20 μg L(-)(1) DU for 24 days. Sex-specific effects of DU were also apparent at the whole-genome level, because in males, exposure to 20 μg L(-)(1) DU for 24 days resulted in cytosine hypermethylation in the brain and eyes and hypomethylation in the gonads. In contrast, in females, hypermethylation was observed in the brain after exposure to both concentrations of DU for 7 days. Based on our current knowledge of uranium toxicity, several hypotheses are proposed to explain these findings, including the involvement of oxidative stress, alteration of demethylation enzymes and the calcium signaling pathway. This study reports, for the first time, the sex- and tissue-specific epigenetic changes that occur in a nonhuman organism after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of uranium, which could induce transgenerational epigenetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewin Gombeau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
| | - Sandrine Pereira
- Neolys Diagnostics, Centre Léon Bérard, Bât Cheney A, 69008 LYON, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, 38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC-SCIB Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
| | - Isabelle Cavalie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
| | | | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France.
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Alimba CG, Bakare AA. In vivo micronucleus test in the assessment of cytogenotoxicity of landfill leachates in three animal models from various ecological habitats. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:310-319. [PMID: 26589948 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo micronucleus (MN) test, a standard test for the genotoxicity screening of xenobiotics, was used to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of landfill leachates in Clarias gariepinus, Coturnix coturnix japonica and Rattus norvegicus. These organisms were exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations (1-50%) of Olusosun and Aba Eku landfill leachates. At post exposure, peripheral erythrocytes from catfish and quail, and bone marrow cells of quail and rat were subjected to MN analysis following standard protocols. The leachates induced significant increase in MN formation and total nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in the peripheral erythrocytes of catfish and quail. NAs occurred in the order; BN > BL > LB > NT in the catfish and BN > BudN > TLN > TN in quail. There was significant increase in MN formation in the bone marrow cells of quail, and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes formation in the bone marrow of rats. The concentration dependent significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the PCE/NCE ratio in the bone marrow of the leachate treated rats suggest alterations in the bone marrow cell proliferation, leading to the suppression of immature erythrocytes (PCE). MN induction showed positive corrections with leachate concentrations in the test organisms; and it increased with exposure duration in the catfish. Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste generates leachates containing multiple xenobiotics that are capable of increasing genomic instability among vertebrates inhabiting various ecological habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adekunle A Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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de Lapuente J, Lourenço J, Mendo SA, Borràs M, Martins MG, Costa PM, Pacheco M. The Comet Assay and its applications in the field of ecotoxicology: a mature tool that continues to expand its perspectives. Front Genet 2015; 6:180. [PMID: 26089833 PMCID: PMC4454841 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Singh and colleagues, in 1988, launched to the scientific community the alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) protocol, or Comet Assay, its uses and applications has been increasing. The thematic areas of its current employment in the evaluation of genetic toxicity are vast, either in vitro or in vivo, both in the laboratory and in the environment, terrestrial or aquatic. It has been applied to a wide range of experimental models: bacteria, fungi, cells culture, arthropods, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and humans. This document is intended to be a comprehensive review of what has been published to date on the field of ecotoxicology, aiming at the following main aspects: (i) to show the most relevant experimental models used as bioindicators both in the laboratory and in the field. Fishes are clearly the most adopted group, reflecting their popularity as bioindicator models, as well as a primary concern over the aquatic environment health. Amphibians are among the most sensitive organisms to environmental changes, mainly due to an early aquatic-dependent development stage and a highly permeable skin. Moreover, in the terrestrial approach, earthworms, plants or mammalians are excellent organisms to be used as experimental models for genotoxic evaluation of pollutants, complex mix of pollutants and chemicals, in both laboratory and natural environment. (ii) To review the development and modifications of the protocols used and the cell types (or tissues) used. The most recent developments concern the adoption of the enzyme linked assay (digestion with lesion-specific repair endonucleases) and prediction of the ability to repair of oxidative DNA damage, which is becoming a widespread approach, albeit challenging. For practical/technical reasons, blood is the most common choice but tissues/cells like gills, sperm cells, early larval stages, coelomocytes, liver or kidney have been also used. (iii) To highlight correlations with other biomarkers. (iv) To build a constructive criticism and summarize the needs for protocol improvements for future test applications within the field of ecotoxicology. The Comet Assay is still developing and its potential is yet underexploited in experimental models, mesocosmos or natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín de Lapuente
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX-CERETOX), Barcelona Science ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia A. Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miquel Borràs
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX-CERETOX), Barcelona Science ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marta G. Martins
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
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Gupta AK, Ahmad I, Ahmad M. Genotoxicity of refinery waste assessed by some DNA damage tests. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:250-256. [PMID: 24836934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Refinery waste effluent is well known to contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and heavy metals as potentially genotoxic substances. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxic potential of Mathura refinery wastewater (MRWW) by various in vitro tests including the single cell gel electrophoresis, plasmid nicking assay and S1 nuclease assay. Treatment of human lymphocytes to different MRWW concentrations (0.15×, 0.3×, 0.5× and 0.78×) caused the formation of comets of which the mean tail lengths increased proportionately and differed significantly from those of unexposed controls. The toxic effect of MRWW on DNA was also studied by plasmid nicking assay and S1 nuclease assay. Strand breaks formation in the MRWW treated pBR322 plasmid confirmed its genotoxic effect. Moreover, a dose dependent increase in cleavage of calf thymus DNA in S1 nuclease assay was also suggestive of the DNA damaging potential of MRWW. A higher level of ROS generation in the test water sample was recorded which might be contributing to its genotoxicity. Interaction between the constituents of MRWW and calf thymus DNA was also ascertained by UV-visible spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zocche JJ, Damiani AP, Hainzenreder G, Mendonça RÁ, Peres PB, Santos CEID, Debastiani R, Dias JF, Andrade VMD. Assessment of heavy metal content and DNA damage in Hypsiboas faber (anuran amphibian) in coal open-casting mine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:194-201. [PMID: 23619523 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the heavy metal content in the tissues of Hypsiboas faber from a coal mining area and to compare the DNA damage in the blood cells of these animals with that of animals living in an unpolluted area. The heavy metal content was detected according to the technique of Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and the DNA damage was assessed by the Comet assay. Our results reveal that the specimens of H. faber collected from the coal mining area exhibited elements of order Fe>Cu>Al>Zn>Rb>Mn>Br, independently of the organ. The values of Comet assay parameters (DNA damage index and DNA damage frequency) were significantly higher in specimens collected from the coal mining area than in the reference animals. Our study concludes that the coal mining residues are genotoxic to amphibians and may have adverse effects on soil, water, vegetation and wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo José Zocche
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Unidade Acadêmica de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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14
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Erismis UC, Ciğerci İH, Konuk M. Evaluation of DNA damage in Eurasian marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) by comet assay for determination of possible pollution in the different lakes in central Anatolia, Turkey. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:660-665. [PMID: 23563591 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-0991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, adult Eurasian marsh frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus, and water samples were collected from a reference lake and three water bodies in central Anatolia, Turkey, to evaluate the water for chemical pollutants and possible effects of pollutants on the DNA of frog erythrocytes by using a comet assay. The results for DNA damage parameters of the comet assay (total comet length, tail intensity, and olive tail moment) and their statistical analysis by ANOVA demonstrated that P. ridibundus and the comet assay together represent an useful approach for the early detection of polluted water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Cengiz Erismis
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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15
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Flohr L, Fuzinatto CF, Melegari SP, Matias WG. Effects of exposure to soluble fraction of industrial solid waste on lipid peroxidation and DNA methylation in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, as assessed by quantification of MDA and m⁵dC rates. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 76:63-70. [PMID: 22047768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lipid peroxidation and DNA methylation were observed in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to soluble fractions of textile, metal-mechanic and pulp and paper industrial waste, after a period of 48 h. Lipid peroxidation was quantified by the rate of malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA methylation was quantified by the rate of 5-methyldeoxycytosine (m⁵dC). Soluble fractions of textile industrial waste caused metabolic changes for all studied samples. In organisms exposed to samples TX1 and TX2 (textile waste) MDA rates were 132.36 and 140.28 nM MDA/mg protein, respectively, while in control organism the MDA rates were 27.5 nM MDA/mg protein. All samples from soluble fractions of textile industrial waste induced increases in m⁵dC rates, increases varied between 300 percent and 700 percent when compared to the control organism. All the organisms exposed to soluble fractions of metal-mechanic industrial waste presented increases between 360 percent and 600 percent in the rates of MDA, and one of them (sample MM3) induced an increase of 180 percent in the rate of m⁵dC, when compared to control. Although a significant increase was not observed in the MDA rate of fish exposed to the soluble fractions of pulp and paper industrial waste, there was an increase of 460 percent in the rate of m⁵dC in one of the samples (sample PP2), when compared to control. The results showed that the soluble fractions of these industrial wastes are capable of inducing oxidative damage and altering the DNA methylation of O. niloticus. Thus, the MDA and m⁵dC rates demonstrated to be effective biomarkers of exposure, which could be used to evaluate the toxicity of soluble fractions of industrial solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Flohr
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, LABTOX, Depto. de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, CEP: 88040-970, Caixa Postal 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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16
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Valencia LC, García A, Ramírez-Pinilla MP, Fuentes JL. Estimates of DNA damage by the comet assay in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae). Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:681-8. [PMID: 22215974 PMCID: PMC3229125 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use the Comet assay to assess genetic damage in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. A DNA diffusion assay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of alkaline, enzymatic and alkaline/enzymatic treatments for lysing E. johnstonei blood cells and to determine the amount of DNA strand breakage associated with apoptosis and necrosis. Cell sensitivity to the mutagens bleomycin (BLM) and 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was also assessed using the Comet assay, as was the assay reproducibility. Alkaline treatment did not lyse the cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes of E. johnstonei blood cells, whereas enzymatic digestion with proteinase K (40 μg/mL) yielded naked nuclei. The contribution of apoptosis and necrosis (assessed by the DNA diffusion assay) to DNA damage was estimated to range from 0% to 8%. BLM and 4NQO induced DNA damage in E. johnstonei blood cells at different concentrations and exposure times. Dose-effect curves with both mutagens were highly reproducible and showed consistently low coefficients of variation (CV ≤ 10%). The results are discussed with regard to the potential use of the modified Comet assay for assessing the exposure of E. johnstonei to herbicides in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carolina Valencia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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17
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Lacaze E, Devaux A, Jubeaux G, Mons R, Gardette M, Bony S, Garric J, Geffard O. DNA damage in Gammarus fossarum sperm as a biomarker of genotoxic pressure: intrinsic variability and reference level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:3230-3236. [PMID: 21621819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the perspective of a biomonitoring application for assessing genotoxicity of freshwater ecosystems, the Comet assay has recently been developed on spermatozoa in the amphipod Gammarus fossarum, in order to propose a sensitive and reliable genotoxicity biomarker in an ecologically relevant freshwater species. The appropriate use of a genotoxicity biomarker requires good knowledge of its basal level and its natural variability related to intrinsic biotic and environmental abiotic factors. We propose a procedure for which the lowest biomarker variability related to methodological and intrinsic biotic factors is obtained and a reference value of biomarker basal response taking into account its spatio-temporal changes has been defined. A strong impact of spermatogenesis status and exposure time on the response to genotoxicant pressure was observed. These reports led us to select a standard organism, i.e., the mature male gammarid in precopula. No effect of temperature and conductivity on baseline DNA damage was observed in the laboratory for the tested range (6-24 °C and 300/600 μS cm⁻¹). Similarly, no spatio-temporal change relative to season or the physico-chemical characteristics of the water was recorded during the field survey. On the basis of these results, a reference level with maximal threshold values has been proposed for the standard gammarid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacaze
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE-INRA, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, rue Maurice Audin, Vaulx en Velin, F-69518, France
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18
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Hersikorn BD, Smits JEG. Compromised metamorphosis and thyroid hormone changes in wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) raised on reclaimed wetlands on the Athabasca oil sands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:596-601. [PMID: 21036440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The wet landscape approach to oil sands tailings reclamation in the Athabasca Oil Sands region involves creating wetlands from fluid tailings in mined-out pits. We measured time to metamorphosis, thyroid hormone status, and detoxification enzyme (EROD) induction in Wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles raised on reclaimed oil sands wetlands of different ages [young (≤ 7 yr) vs. old (> 7 yr)] and compared data with tadpoles raised on reference (control) wetlands. Metamorphosis was delayed or never occurred in tadpoles raised in young tailings; those exposed to older tailings developed similarly to those in reference wetlands. Thyroid hormone disruption likely played an important role in the metamorphosis delay as the T3:T4 ratio was lowest in tadpoles raised in young, tailings-affected wetlands. Our findings suggest tailings wetlands become less toxic with age, and that these amphibians will be able to complete their life cycle in tailing wetlands that have sufficiently detoxified with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair D Hersikorn
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Tao Liu, Wenting He, Chuan Yan, Yongmei Qi, Yingmei Zhang. Roles of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria in cadmium-induced injury of liver cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 27:249-56. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710386408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage in the cadmium (Cd)-induced injury of liver cells were studied by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (ALCAR). After exposure of experimental rats to cadmium (Cd) for 16 h, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS production, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA single-strand break (DNA-SSB) were analyzed. Loss of MMP, increase of ROS production, inhibition of GSH-Px activity, elevation of GSH content, rise of MDA content and DNA-SSB level suggest the participation of ROS and mitochondrion in Cd-induced injury of liver cell. NAC pretreatment attenuated oxidative stress, reversed the decline in GSH-Px activity and reduced GSH and MDA levels significantly. However, Cd-induced loss in MMP was significantly exacerbated by NAC. For another, ALCAR did not perform as well as NAC in terms of reducing ROS production, restoring GSH-Px activity and reducing GSH content. Nevertheless, it significantly improved the recovery of MMP and reduction of MDA content. In addition, conspicuous DNA damage was observed in the samples treated with NAC or ALCAR, indicating Cd could attack DNA through other pathways. These results suggest that oxidative stress or mitochondrial impairment plays a main role in different injuries respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China, Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wenting He
- First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Chuan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China,
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20
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Wang Y, Chen P, Cui R, Si W, Zhang Y, Ji W. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and tissues of two fish species (Triplohysa pappenheimi, Gobio hwanghensis) from the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 165:97-102. [PMID: 19430921 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the condition of heavy metal pollution in the Yellow River, Lanzhou section, China, and to quantify heavy metal (copper, lead, zinc, and cadmium) contents in tissues (liver, kidney, gills, and muscles) of two fish species (Triplophysa pappenheimi and Gobio hwanghensis), levels of these four metals in the water body, sediment, and tissues of the two fish were measured using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The metal levels from this study were compared with the threshold values in the guidelines of water, sediment, and food given by the National Environmental Protection Agency of China, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of America, and the National Standards Management Department of China. We found the mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd in THE water body, sediment, and muscles of two fish species were far below the values in guidelines. We also found that the type of metals present and their concentrations varied in different tissues and species. The results suggested that (1) Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd did not contaminate the aquatic ecosystem severely and did not threaten the safety of human consumption in the Yellow River, Lanzhou section, and (2) organs that are sensitive to accumulating heavy metals may be useful to develop bioindicators for monitoring metal contamination. Considering environmental variables, further study is necessary before deciding which fish species or tissue could be the ideal bioindicators for aquatic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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21
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Rodrigues FP, Angeli JPF, Mantovani MS, Guedes CLB, Jordão BQ. Genotoxic evaluation of an industrial effluent from an oil refinery using plant and animal bioassays. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:169-75. [PMID: 21637622 PMCID: PMC3036090 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic chemicals commonly found in effluents from oil refineries. Bioassays using plants and cells cultures can be employed for assessing environmental safety and potential genotoxicity. In this study, the genotoxic potential of an oil refinery effluent was analyzed by means of micronucleus (MN) testing of Alium cepa, which revealed no effect after 24 h of treatment. On the other hand, primary lesions in the DNA of rat (Rattus norvegicus) hepatoma cells (HTC) were observed through comet assaying after only 2 h of exposure. On considering the capacity to detect DNA damage of a different nature and of these cells to metabolize xenobiotics, we suggest the association of the two bioassays with these cell types, plant (Allium cepa) and mammal (HTC) cells, for more accurately assessing genotoxicity in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Postalli Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR Brazil
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Vera Candioti J, Natale GS, Soloneski S, Ronco AE, Larramendy ML. Sublethal and lethal effects on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles exerted by the pirimicarb-containing technical formulation insecticide Aficida. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:249-255. [PMID: 19954811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the pirimicarb-containing commercial-formulation carbamate insecticide Aficida(R) (50% pirimicarb) were evaluated on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles exposed under laboratory conditions. Lethal and sublethal effects were employed as bioassays for acute toxicity, whereas micronuclei (MNi) induction and alterations in the ratio erythrocytes:erythroblasts were employed as end-points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Cr(VI) (23 mg L(-1)) and cyclophosphamide (40 mg L(-1)) were employed as positive controls for toxicity and geno-cytotoxicity assays, respectively. In Gosner stage 25 (STD25), the results revealed mean values of 402.0 and 223.6 mg Aficida L(-1) for LC-50(24)(h) and LC-50(96)(h), respectively. When STD37-39 tadpoles were exposed, the LC-50(24)(h) and LC-50(96)(h) reached values of 239.4 and 181.7 mg Aficida L(-1), respectively. Sublethal effects revealed a mean EC-50(96)(h) of 133.85 and 104.2mg Aficida in those STD25 and STD37-39 treated tadpoles, respectively. The results demonstrated that in 48-h-exposed tadpoles, a MNi increase was found only in those 80.0 mg L(-1) Aficida-treated individuals. When tadpoles were exposed to Aficida for 96h, only the 160 mg L(-1)-treated individuals showed a significant increase in MNi frequency. Concentrations ranging from 80.0 to 250.0mg Aficida L(-1) resulted in cellular cytotoxicity, revealed by a decreased proportion of circulating erythrocytes and an enhancement of erythroblasts. Accordingly, this species could provide a suitable and useful experimental model for biomonitoring aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vera Candioti
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Marquis O, Miaud C, Ficetola GF, Boscher A, Mouchet F, Guittonneau S, Devaux A. Variation in genotoxic stress tolerance among frog populations exposed to UV and pollutant gradients. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 95:152-161. [PMID: 19818516 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Populations of widely distributed species can be subjected to unequal selection pressures, producing differences in rates of local adaptation. We report a laboratory experiment testing tolerance variation to UV-B and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among common frog (Rana temporaria) populations according to their natural exposure level in the field. Studied populations were naturally distributed along two gradients, i.e. UV-B radiation with altitude and level of contamination by PAHs with the distance to emitting sources (road traffic). Tadpoles from eight populations were subjected to (1) no or high level of artificial UV-B; (2) four concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (0, 50, 250, 500microgL(-1)); (3) simultaneously to UV-B and BaP. Since both stressors are genotoxic, the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) in circulating red blood cells was used as a bioindicator of tadpole sensitivity. High-altitude populations appear to be locally adapted to better resist UV-B genotoxicity, as they showed the lowest MNE numbers. Conversely, no correlation was observed between levels of PAH contamination in the field and tadpole tolerance to BaP in the laboratory, indicating the absence of local adaptation for BaP tolerance in these populations. Nevertheless, the decrease of MNE formation due to BaP exposure with altitude suggests that high-altitude populations were intrinsically more resistant to BaP genotoxicity. We propose the hypothesis of a co-tolerance between UV-B and BaP in high-altitude common frog populations: local adaptation to prevent and/or repair DNA damage induced by UV-B could also protect these highland populations against DNA damage induced by BaP. The results of this study highlight the role of local adaptation along pollutant gradients leading to tolerance variation, which implies that is it necessary to take into account the history of exposure of each population and the existence of co-tolerance that can hide toxic effects of a new pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Marquis
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université de Savoie, Technolac, Le Bourget du Lac, France
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Yin X, Zhu G, Li XB, Liu S. Genotoxicity evaluation of chlorpyrifos to amphibian Chinese toad (Amphibian: Anura) by Comet assay and Micronucleus test. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 680:2-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. The Comet Assay: A Versatile Tool for Assessing DNA Damage. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Mahima Bajpayee
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. Comet assay: a reliable tool for the assessment of DNA damage in different models. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 25:5-32. [PMID: 18427939 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New chemicals are being added each year to the existing burden of toxic substances in the environment. This has led to increased pollution of ecosystems as well as deterioration of the air, water, and soil quality. Excessive agricultural and industrial activities adversely affect biodiversity, threatening the survival of species in a particular habitat as well as posing disease risks to humans. Some of the chemicals, e.g., pesticides and heavy metals, may be genotoxic to the sentinel species and/or to non-target species, causing deleterious effects in somatic or germ cells. Test systems which help in hazard prediction and risk assessment are important to assess the genotoxic potential of chemicals before their release into the environment or commercial use as well as DNA damage in flora and fauna affected by contaminated/polluted habitats. The Comet assay has been widely accepted as a simple, sensitive, and rapid tool for assessing DNA damage and repair in individual eukaryotic as well as some prokaryotic cells, and has increasingly found application in diverse fields ranging from genetic toxicology to human epidemiology. This review is an attempt to comprehensively encase the use of Comet assay in different models from bacteria to man, employing diverse cell types to assess the DNA-damaging potential of chemicals and/or environmental conditions. Sentinel species are the first to be affected by adverse changes in their environment. Determination of DNA damage using the Comet assay in these indicator organisms would thus provide information about the genotoxic potential of their habitat at an early stage. This would allow for intervention strategies to be implemented for prevention or reduction of deleterious health effects in the sentinel species as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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