1
|
Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Romualdo B, Cristina F, Stephen H, Marco I, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Riolo F, Christodoulidou A, Grasl‐Kraupp B. Risk assessment of N-nitrosamines in food. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07884. [PMID: 36999063 PMCID: PMC10043641 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked for a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of N-nitrosamines (N-NAs) in food. The risk assessment was confined to those 10 carcinogenic N-NAs occurring in food (TCNAs), i.e. NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA, NDBA, NMA, NSAR, NMOR, NPIP and NPYR. N-NAs are genotoxic and induce liver tumours in rodents. The in vivo data available to derive potency factors are limited, and therefore, equal potency of TCNAs was assumed. The lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose at 10% (BMDL10) was 10 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day, derived from the incidence of rat liver tumours (benign and malignant) induced by NDEA and used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Analytical results on the occurrence of N-NAs were extracted from the EFSA occurrence database (n = 2,817) and the literature (n = 4,003). Occurrence data were available for five food categories across TCNAs. Dietary exposure was assessed for two scenarios, excluding (scenario 1) and including (scenario 2) cooked unprocessed meat and fish. TCNAs exposure ranged from 0 to 208.9 ng/kg bw per day across surveys, age groups and scenarios. 'Meat and meat products' is the main food category contributing to TCNA exposure. MOEs ranged from 3,337 to 48 at the P95 exposure excluding some infant surveys with P95 exposure equal to zero. Two major uncertainties were (i) the high number of left censored data and (ii) the lack of data on important food categories. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the MOE for TCNAs at the P95 exposure is highly likely (98-100% certain) to be less than 10,000 for all age groups, which raises a health concern.
Collapse
|
2
|
Adverse Effect of Blue Light on DNA Integrity Is Accelerated by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in HaCaT Human Keratinocyte Cells and B16F1 Murine Melanoma Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121743. [PMID: 36552253 PMCID: PMC9774801 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested the potential benefits of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT). 5-ALA is a precursor of heme, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) following photoirradiation. Some reports indicate that blue light induces intracellular ROS production. In the present study, we elucidated the effects of blue light and 5-ALA on DNA integrity in B16F1 murine melanoma and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells using a variety of comet assay techniques. Co-treatment with blue light and 5-ALA significantly decreased cell viability in both cell lines. A neutral comet assay was performed to assess DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and blue light and 5-ALA caused DSBs. We also performed an alkali comet assay to detect single-strand breaks (SSB) and alkali labile sites (ALS). The results indicated that 5-ALA accelerated blue light-induced SSB formation. In addition, modified comet assays were done using two types of enzymes to evaluate oxidative DNA damages. The results indicated that blue light and 5-ALA generated oxidized purine and pyrimidines in both cell lines. In summary, co-treatment with 5-ALA and photoirradiation may cause unexpected DNA damage in cells and tissues.
Collapse
|
3
|
Plitta-Michalak BP, Ramos AA, Pupel P, Michalak M. Oxidative damage and DNA repair in desiccated recalcitrant embryonic axes of Acer pseudoplatanus L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:40. [PMID: 35045819 PMCID: PMC8767751 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most plants encounter water stress at one or more different stages of their life cycle. The maintenance of genetic stability is the integral component of desiccation tolerance that defines the storage ability and long-term survival of seeds. Embryonic axes of desiccation-sensitive recalcitrant seeds of Acer pseudoplatnus L. were used to investigate the genotoxic effect of desiccation. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) methodology was optimized and used to provide unique insights into the onset and repair of DNA strand breaks and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) formation during progressive steps of desiccation and rehydration. RESULTS The loss of DNA integrity and impairment of damage repair were significant predictors of the viability of embryonic axes. In contrast to the comet assay, automated electrophoresis failed to detect changes in DNA integrity resulting from desiccation. Notably, no significant correlation was observed between hydroxyl radical (٠OH) production and 8-oxoG formation, although the former is regarded to play a major role in guanine oxidation. CONCLUSIONS The high-throughput comet assay represents a sensitive tool for monitoring discrete changes in DNA integrity and assessing the viability status in plant germplasm processed for long-term storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata P. Plitta-Michalak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alice A. Ramos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Piotr Pupel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han G, Tan Z, Jing H, Ning J, Li Z, Gao S, Li G. Comet Assay Evaluation of Lanthanum Nitrate DNA Damage in C57-ras Transgenic Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3728-3736. [PMID: 33403576 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the wide application of rare-earth elements (REEs) in the last decades, lanthanum has increasingly entered the environment and has gradually accumulated in the human body through the food chain. Lanthanum is worth paying attention in terms of food safety. Although the genotoxicity of lanthanum has been studied in vitro, data on its DNA damage in vivo rodent are limited, moreover, which have also presented some controversy. This study aimed to conduct an in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay, and as a companion test to the lanthanum nitrate carcinogenicity test. We conducted an oral gavage experiment for 180 days (26 weeks) to test for the persistence of DNA damage of long-term low-dose accumulation of lanthanum nitrate (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight), in F1 hybrid C57-ras transgenic mice (CB6F1) by using alkaline comet assay in the blood and liver. The comet assay revealed that all the tested concentrations of lanthanum nitrate did not induce DNA damage in any of the tissues investigated, whereas DNA damage was induced in the positive control group. These results could indicate that lanthanum nitrate can accumulate in tissues and organs of the mice after exposure, and does not possess DNA damage in C57-ras transgenic mice after repeated treatments at oral doses up to 50 mg/kg·BW for 26 weeks; also, it did not cause pathological changes in the liver of the mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Han
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhuangsheng Tan
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Haiming Jing
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junyu Ning
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zinan Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceablity Technologies for Food Poisoning, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China.
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, West Toutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A weight of evidence assessment of the genotoxicity of 2,6-xylidine based on existing and new data, with relevance to safety of lidocaine exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 119:104838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
6
|
Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Münzel T, Daiber A, Yaghmorloo M. Chronic occupational noise exposure: Effects on DNA damage, blood pressure, and serum biochemistry. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 841:17-22. [PMID: 31138406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Noise levels experienced by industrial workers may cause both auditory and non-auditory harmful effects. We have studied the effects of chronic industrial noise exposure on DNA damage, blood pressure, and serum biochemistry in factory workers. Male workers (109 individuals) in three parts of a food factory in Shahroud, Iran were enrolled as the exposed group and male office workers (123 individuals) were the unexposed control group. Noise exposure was measured (dosimetry) and the comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels were measured in serum samples. GPx levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and DNA damage were significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group. However, ceruloplasmin levels were not significantly different. Based on multivariate linear regression analysis, noise exposure was the most important predictor of GPx levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1,55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1,55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1,55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1,55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Itoh K, Masumori S, Mukai D, Sakakibara H, Yasuda M, Shimoi K. Dosage time affects alkylating agents induced micronuclei in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes through the function of erythropoietin. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:273-282. [PMID: 30944280 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) in the peripheral blood of male C3H/He mice intraperitoneally administered ethylnitrosourea (ENU) (25 mg/kg body weight) in the dark period (zeitgeber time, ZT15) was higher than in the light period (ZT3). In this study, to clarify the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we investigated the differences in micronucleus (MN) induction observed between ZT3 and ZT15 using five chemicals, methylnitrosourea (MNU), ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide and vincristin. MNU and EMS, monofunctional alkylating agents, showed higher frequencies of MNRETs in the ZT15 than the ZT3 treatment similar to ENU. However, no differences were observed for the other chemicals. In the comet assay, more DNA damage was induced by ENU in the ZT15 than the ZT3 treatment. Furthermore, the plasma erythropoietin (EPO) level, a known effector of MN induction with anti-apoptotic activity mediated by Bcl-xL expression, was higher in the dark than in the light period. EPO did not increase the frequency of MNRETs. However, in the ENU treatment group at ZT3 following EPO injection a significant increase of MNRETs was observed similar to the ZT15 treatment. Higher expression of apoptosis-related genes such as Bcl-xL was induced in bone marrow cells from mice treated with ENU at ZT15 compared with ZT3. From these results, it was speculated that the differences in MN induction in the peripheral blood of mice exposed to monofunctional alkylating agents such as ENU depend on apoptotic or anti-apoptotic conditions related to the circadian rhythms of EPO in bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Science, University of Shizuoka.,Biosafety Research Center Inc. (BSRC)
| | | | | | | | - Michiko Yasuda
- Department of Human Nutrition, Sugiyama Jogakuen University
| | - Kayoko Shimoi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Science, University of Shizuoka
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shruthi S, Bhasker Shenoy K. Genoprotective effects of gallic acid against cisplatin induced genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:951-958. [PMID: 30310672 PMCID: PMC6116806 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used for the treatment of cancer. However, the use of these drugs is limited due to their side effects on normal cells. One of the measures to detect chemoprotection of plant extracts is to evaluate their anticlastogenic effects. In this study, we report the anticlastogenic effect of gallic acid (GA) against cisplatin (Csp), a chemotherapeutic drug, in Swiss albino mice. Three different doses of GA (100, 200 and 400 mg per kg bw) were administered orally to the experimental animals in 0.2 mL quantity for 5 days at 24 hour intervals. Cisplatin, the positive control agent (10 mg per kg bw), was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in 0.1 mL quantity. Overall, the results showed that the pretreatment of GA caused a remarkable decrease in Csp induced micronucleus frequency and DNA damage in bone marrow cells of mice. The results suggest that GA showed potent antigenotoxic effects against Csp induced damage in mice bone marrow cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shruthi
- Department of Applied Zoology , Alva's College , Vidyagiri , Moodbidri , D.K.-574 227 , Karnataka , India .
| | - K Bhasker Shenoy
- Department of Applied Zoology Mangalore University , Mangalagangothri , D.K.-574 199 , Karnataka , India .
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sykora P, Witt KL, Revanna P, Smith-Roe SL, Dismukes J, Lloyd DG, Engelward BP, Sobol RW. Next generation high throughput DNA damage detection platform for genotoxic compound screening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2771. [PMID: 29426857 PMCID: PMC5807538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for quantifying DNA damage, as well as repair of that damage, in a high-throughput format are lacking. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE; comet assay) is a widely-used method due to its technical simplicity and sensitivity, but the standard comet assay has limitations in reproducibility and throughput. We have advanced the SCGE assay by creating a 96-well hardware platform coupled with dedicated data processing software (CometChip Platform). Based on the original cometchip approach, the CometChip Platform increases capacity ~200 times over the traditional slide-based SCGE protocol, with excellent reproducibility. We tested this platform in several applications, demonstrating a broad range of potential uses including the routine identification of DNA damaging agents, using a 74-compound library provided by the National Toxicology Program. Additionally, we demonstrated how this tool can be used to evaluate human populations by analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to characterize susceptibility to genotoxic exposures, with implications for epidemiological studies. In summary, we demonstrated a high level of reproducibility and quantitative capacity for the CometChip Platform, making it suitable for high-throughput screening to identify and characterize genotoxic agents in large compound libraries, as well as for human epidemiological studies of genetic diversity relating to DNA damage and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sykora
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Kristine L Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Pooja Revanna
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Stephanie L Smith-Roe
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jonathan Dismukes
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | | | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thiel A, Hamel A, Schaefer K, Cardoso R, Beilstein P. Slight hypercalcemia is not associated with positive responses in the Comet Assay in male rat liver. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 820:26-30. [PMID: 28676263 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of physiological levels of intracellular and extracellular calcium is essential for life. Increased intracellular calcium levels are involved in cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) and are associated with positive responses in the Comet assay in vitro. In addition, high calcium and vitamin D intakes were reported to induce apoptosis in adipose tissue in obese mice and to increase DNA-migration in the Comet assay. To investigate increased serum concentration of calcium as a potential confounding factor in the regulatory Comet assay in vivo, we induced mild hypercalcemia in male Wistar rats by 3-day continuous intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate and performed the Comet assay in the liver in line with regulatory guidelines. The results of the study showed that mild increases in serum calcium concentration (up to 1.4 times above the concurrent control) and increased urinary calcium concentration (up to 27.8 times above the concurrent control) results in clinical signs like mild tremor, faster respiration rate and decreased activity in a few animals. However, under the conditions of the study, no increase in the %Tail DNA in the Comet assay and no indication of liver damage as determined by histopathological means were observed. Thus, mild increases in plasma calcium did not lead to positive results in a genotoxicity assessment by the Comet assay in the rat liver. This result is important as it confirms the reliability of this assay for regulatory evaluation of safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Thiel
- DSM Nutritional Products AG, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Annie Hamel
- Charles River Laboratories, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Québec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Katrien Schaefer
- DSM Nutritional Products AG, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Renato Cardoso
- Charles River Laboratories, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Québec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Paul Beilstein
- DSM Nutritional Products AG, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wewering F, Jouy F, Caliskan S, Kalkhof S, von Bergen M, Luch A, Zellmer S. Hepatic co-cultures in vitro reveal suitable to detect Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress responses on the bladder carcinogen o-anisidine. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:153-160. [PMID: 28089782 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The azo dye o-anisidine is known as an industrial and environmental pollutant. Metabolites of o-anisidine remain in the liver for >24h. However, the toxicological impact of o-anisidine on the liver and its individual cell types, e.g., hepatocytes and immune cells, is currently poorly understood. A novel co-culture system, composed of HepG2 or Huh-7 cells, and differentiated THP-1 cells was used to study the metabolic capacity towards o-anisidine, and compared to primary murine hepatocytes which express high enzyme activities. As model compounds the carcinogenic arylamine o-anisidine and its non-carcinogenic isomer, p-anisidine, as well as caffeine were used. Global proteome analysis revealed an activation of eIF2 and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response pathways only in co-cultures after treatment with o-anisidine. This was confirmed via detection of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased already after 3h treatment of cells, which correlated with a decrease of ATP levels (R2>0.92). In the supernatant of co-cultured, but not single-cultured HepG2 and Huh-7 cells, o-anisidine caused increases of damage-associated proteins, such as HMGB1 (high mobility group box-1) protein. In summary, only co-cultures of HepG2 and THP-1 cells predict o-anisidine induced stress responsive pathways, since the system has a higher sensitivity compared to single cultured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wewering
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florent Jouy
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sükran Caliskan
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Coburg, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zellmer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|