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Ladeira C. The use of effect biomarkers in chemical mixtures risk assessment - Are they still important? MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503768. [PMID: 38821670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Human epidemiological studies with biomarkers of effect play an invaluable role in identifying health effects with chemical exposures and in disease prevention. Effect biomarkers that measure genetic damage are potent tools to address the carcinogenic and/or mutagenic potential of chemical exposures, increasing confidence in regulatory risk assessment decision-making processes. The micronucleus (MN) test is recognized as one of the most successful and reliable assays to assess genotoxic events, which are associated with exposures that may cause cancer. To move towards the next generation risk assessment is crucial to establish bridges between standard approaches, new approach methodologies (NAMs) and tools for increase the mechanistically-based biological plausibility in human studies, such as the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) framework. This paper aims to highlight the still active role of MN as biomarker of effect in the evolution and applicability of new methods and approaches in human risk assessment, with the positive consequence, that the new methods provide a deeper knowledge of the mechanistically-based biology of these endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC, Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon 1990-096, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal.
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2
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Gajski G, Kašuba V, Milić M, Gerić M, Matković K, Delić L, Nikolić M, Pavičić M, Rozgaj R, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Kopjar N. Exploring cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in Croatia: A journey through the past, present, and future in biomonitoring of the general population. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 895:503749. [PMID: 38575251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to evaluate the background frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population concerning different anthropometric data and lifestyle factors. The background frequency of CBMN assay parameters was analysed in 850 healthy, occupationally non-exposed male and female subjects (average age, 38±11 years) gathered from the general Croatian population from 2000 to 2023. The mean background values for micronuclei (MNi) in the whole population were 5.3±4.3 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 0.7±1.3 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.1±3.2. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 850 individual values, was 14 MNi, 3 NPBs, and 9 NBUDs. Results from our database also showed an association of the tested genomic instability parameters with age and sex but also with other lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering several anthropometric and lifestyle factors when conducting biomonitoring studies. Overall, the normal and cut-off values attained here present normal values for the general population that can later serve as baseline values for further human biomonitoring studies either in Croatia or worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Matković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Delić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Broberg K, Dogliotti E, Fletcher T, Rylander L, Abrahantes JC, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8488. [PMID: 38239496 PMCID: PMC10794945 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties.
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Marchetti F, Cardoso R, Chen CL, Douglas GR, Elloway J, Escobar PA, Harper T, Heflich RH, Kidd D, Lynch AM, Myers MB, Parsons BL, Salk JJ, Settivari RS, Smith-Roe SL, Witt KL, Yauk CL, Young R, Zhang S, Minocherhomji S. Error-corrected next generation sequencing - Promises and challenges for genotoxicity and cancer risk assessment. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108466. [PMID: 37643677 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Error-corrected Next Generation Sequencing (ecNGS) is rapidly emerging as a valuable, highly sensitive and accurate method for detecting and characterizing mutations in any cell type, tissue or organism from which DNA can be isolated. Recent mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies have used ecNGS to quantify drug-/chemical-induced mutations and mutational spectra associated with cancer risk. ecNGS has potential applications in genotoxicity assessment as a new readout for traditional models, for mutagenesis studies in 3D organotypic cultures, and for detecting off-target effects of gene editing tools. Additionally, early data suggest that ecNGS can measure clonal expansion of mutations as a mechanism-agnostic early marker of carcinogenic potential and can evaluate mutational load directly in human biomonitoring studies. In this review, we discuss promising applications, challenges, limitations, and key data initiatives needed to enable regulatory testing and adoption of ecNGS - including for advancing safety assessment, augmenting weight-of-evidence for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity mechanisms, identifying early biomarkers of cancer risk, and managing human health risk from chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Connie L Chen
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Joanne Elloway
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tod Harper
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- US Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Darren Kidd
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - Meagan B Myers
- US Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Barbara L Parsons
- US Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kristine L Witt
- NIEHS, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert Young
- MilliporeSigma, Rockville, MD, USA; Current: Consultant, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA; Current: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Rossnerova A, Elzeinova F, Chvojkova I, Honkova K, Sima M, Milcova A, Pastorkova A, Schmuczerova J, Rossner P, Topinka J, Sram RJ. Effects of various environments on epigenetic settings and chromosomal damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121290. [PMID: 36804881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a dominant environmental exposure factor with significant health consequences. Unexpectedly, research in a heavily polluted region of the Czech Republic, with traditional heavy industry, revealed repeatedly the lowest frequency of micronuclei in the season with the highest concentrations of air pollutants including carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Molecular findings have been collected for more than 10 years from various locations of the Czech Republic, with differing quality of ambient air. Preliminary conclusions have suggested adaptation of the population from the polluted locality (Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region (MSR)) to chronic air pollution exposure. In this study we utilize the previous findings and, for the first time, investigate micronuclei (MN) frequency by type: (i) centromere positive (CEN+) MN, representing chromosomal losses, and (ii) centromere negative (CEN-) MN representing chromosomal breaks. As previous results indicated differences between populations in the expression of XRCC5, a gene involved in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway, possible variations in epigenetic settings in this gene were also investigated. This new research was conducted in two seasons in the groups from two localities with different air quality levels (Ostrava (OS) and Prague (PG)). The obtained new results show significantly lower frequencies of chromosomal breaks in the OS subjects, related to the highest air pollution levels (p < 0.001). In contrast, chromosomal losses were comparable between both groups. In addition, significantly lower DNA methylation was found in 14.3% of the analyzed CpG loci of XRCC5 in the population from OS. In conclusion, the epigenetic adaptation (hypomethylation) in XRCC5 involved in the NHEJ repair pathway in the population from the polluted region, was suggested as a reason for the reduced level of chromosomal breaks. Further research is needed to explore the additional mechanisms, including genetic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Fatima Elzeinova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Chvojkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Honkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Sima
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Milcova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Pastorkova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Schmuczerova
- Department of Medical Genetics, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim J Sram
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Mišík M, Staudinger M, Kundi M, Worel N, Nersesyan A, Ferk F, Dusinska M, Azqueta A, Møller P, Knasmueller S. Use of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay for the Detection of DNA-protective Dietary Factors: Results of Human Intervention Studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108458. [PMID: 37031732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The single cell gel electrophoresis technique is based on the measurement of DNA migration in an electric field and enables to investigate via determination of DNA-damage the impact of foods and their constituents on the genetic stability. DNA-damage leads to adverse effects including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infertility. In the last 25 years approximately 90 human intervention trials have been published in which DNA-damage, formation of oxidized bases, alterations of the sensitivity towards reactive oxygen species and chemicals and of repair functions were investigated with this technique. In approximately 50% of the studies protective effects were observed. Pronounced protection was found with certain plant foods (spinach, kiwi fruits, onions), coffee, green tea, honey and olive oil. Also diets with increased contents of vegetables caused positive effects. Small amounts of certain phenolics (gallic acid, xanthohumol) prevented oxidative damage of DNA; with antioxidant vitamins and cholecalciferol protective effects were only detected after intake of doses that exceed the recommended daily uptake values. The evaluation of the quality of the studies showed that many have methodological shortcomings (lack of controls, no calibration of repair enzymes, inadequate control of the compliance and statistical analyses) which should be avoided in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlen Staudinger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Worel
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2002 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Hoyos-Giraldo LS, Ramos-Angulo JV, Reyes-Carvajal I. [Cancer risk evaluation in individuals occupationally exposed to organic solvents]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:265-279. [PMID: 36753151 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n3.80224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of micronuclei (MNs) and influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms as biomarkers of cancer risk in car painters (n=152) compared to unexposed individuals (n=152). METHODS Molecular epidemiology study, cross-sectional analysis of gen and environment interaction. The evaluation of MN and genetic polymorphisms was determined by molecular tests in lymphocytes from subjects involved in the study. RESULTS It was determined that the frequency of MNs is 1.6 higher in the exposed group compared to the reference group (1.39 ± 0.92 versus 0.87 ± 0.78, p<0.0001). There was no increase in the frequency of MNs associated with the polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1. CONCLUSIONS The increase of MNs in car painters serves to alert the increased risk of cancer in this population exposed to organic solvents. These results can be used in Occupational Epidemiological Surveillance Programs, as a prevention strategy and policies to regulate and control the use of solvents at a national level and in other countries with a large informal sector of individuals exposed to these chemicals to reduce the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz S Hoyos-Giraldo
- LH: Bióloga. M. Sc. Salud Ocupacional. Ph. D. Ciencias Biomédicas. Grupo de Investigación en Toxicología Genética y Citogenética. Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
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Cytogenetic Effects in Children Exposed to Air Pollutants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116736. [PMID: 35682315 PMCID: PMC9180689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants and micronuclei (MN) frequency in children. This work was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA guidelines and recommendations. Articles published before November 2021 were identified by an advanced search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A critical appraisal using a specific tool was conducted to assess the quality of each included study. All analyses were carried out by using the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK). One hundred and forty-five references were firstly identified, and, at the end of selection process, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies carried out a direct evaluation through the use of air samplers, whereas the other ones accessed environmental databases (n = 2) or used other tools (n = 3). In two cases, exposure was not directly investigated, with children sampled in two different areas with well-known different levels of pollution. The overall effect size (ES) was 1.57 ((95% CI = 1.39; 1.78), p-value < 0.00001) (total evaluated subjects: 4162), which highlighted a statistically significant association between outdoor air pollution and MN frequency in children. As a high MN frequency has been associated with a number of pathological states and a higher risk of developing chronic degenerative diseases, our results should be taken into consideration by policy makers to design and implement interventions aimed at reducing the introduction of pollutants in the atmosphere as well as at minimizing the exposure extent, particularly in children.
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Plant Cytogenetics in the Micronuclei Investigation-The Past, Current Status, and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031306. [PMID: 35163228 PMCID: PMC8836153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic approaches play an essential role as a quick evaluation of the first genetic effects after mutagenic treatment. Although labor-intensive and time-consuming, they are essential for the analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mutagenesis and environmental monitoring. Over the years, conventional cytogenetic analyses were a part of routine laboratory testing in plant genotoxicity. Among the methods that are used to study genotoxicity in plants, the micronucleus test particularly represents a significant force. Currently, cytogenetic techniques go beyond the simple detection of chromosome aberrations. The intensive development of molecular biology and the significantly improved microscopic visualization and evaluation methods constituted significant support to traditional cytogenetics. Over the past years, distinct approaches have allowed an understanding the mechanisms of formation, structure, and genetic activity of the micronuclei. Although there are many studies on this topic in humans and animals, knowledge in plants is significantly limited. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on micronuclei characteristics in plants. We pay particular attention to how the recent contemporary achievements have influenced the understanding of micronuclei in plant cells. Together with the current progress, we present the latest applications of the micronucleus test in mutagenesis and assess the state of the environment.
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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A Validation Study on Immunophenotypic Differences in T-lymphocyte Chromosomal Radiosensitivity between Newborns and Adults in South Africa. RADIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have an increased risk of developing radiation-induced secondary malignancies compared to adults, due to their high radiosensitivity and longer life expectancy. In contrast to the epidemiological evidence, there is only a handful of radiobiology studies which investigate the difference in radiosensitivity between children and adults at a cellular level. In this study, the previous results on the potential age dependency in chromosomal radiosensitivity were validated again by means of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in T-lymphocytes isolated from the umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood of a South African population. The isolated cells were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at doses ranging from 0.5 Gy to 4 Gy. Increased radiosensitivities of 34%, 42%, 29%, 26% and 16% were observed for newborns compared to adults at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy, respectively. An immunophenotypic evaluation with flow cytometry revealed a significant change in the fraction of naïve (CD45RA+) T-lymphocytes in CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes with age. Newborns co-expressed an average of 91.05% CD45RA+ (range: 80.80–98.40%) of their CD4+ cells, while this fraction decreased to an average of 39.08% (range: 12.70–58.90%) for adults. Similar observations were made for CD8+ cells. This agrees with previous published results that the observed differences in chromosomal radiosensitivity between newborn and adult T-lymphocytes could potentially be linked to their immunophenotypic profiles.
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12
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Guo X, Li J, Xue J, Fenech M, Wang X. Loss of Y chromosome: An emerging next-generation biomarker for disease prediction and early detection? MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108389. [PMID: 34893154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As human life expectancy increases substantially and aging is the primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, there is an urgent need for advancing the development of post-genomic era biomarkers that can be used for disease prediction and early detection (DPED). Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) is the state of nullisomy Y in sub-groups of somatic cells acquired from different post-zygotic development stages and onwards throughout the lifespan. Multiple large-cohort based epidemiology studies have found that LOY in blood cells is a significant risk factor for future mortality and various diseases in males. Many features intrinsic to LOY analysis may be leveraged to enhance its use as a non-invasive, sensitive, reliable, high throughput-biomarker for DPED. Here, we review the emerging literatures in LOY studies and highlight ten strengths for using LOY as a novel biomarker for genomics-driven DPED diagnostics. Meanwhile, the current limitations in this area are also discussed. We conclude by identifying some important knowledge gaps regarding the consequences of malsegregation of the Y chromosome and propose further steps that are required before clinical implementation of LOY. Taken together, we think that LOY has substantial potential as a biomarker for DPED, despite some hurdles that still need to be addressed before its integration into healthcare becomes acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Jianfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, 5048, Australia; University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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Testing Strategies of the In Vitro Micronucleus Assay for the Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials in BEAS-2B Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081929. [PMID: 34443765 PMCID: PMC8399994 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) is a broadly utilised approach in in vitro toxicity testing. Nevertheless, the specific properties of nanomaterials (NMs) give rise to concerns regarding the optimal methodological variants of the MN assay. In bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), we tested the genotoxicity of five types of NMs (TiO2: NM101, NM103; SiO2: NM200; Ag: NM300K, NM302) using four variants of MN protocols, differing in the time of exposure and the application of cytochalasin-B combined with the simultaneous and delayed co-treatment with NMs. Using transmission electron microscopy, we evaluated the impact of cytochalasin-B on the transport of NMs into the cells. To assess the behaviour of NMs in a culture media for individual testing conditions, we used dynamic light scattering measurement. The presence of NMs in the cells, their intracellular aggregation and dispersion properties were comparable when tests with or without cytochalasin-B were performed. The genotoxic potential of various TiO2 and Ag particles differed (NM101 < NM103 and NM302 < NM300K, respectively). The application of cytochalasin-B tended to increase the percentage of aberrant cells. In conclusion, the comparison of the testing strategies revealed that the level of DNA damage induced by NMs is affected by the selected methodological approach. This fact should be considered in the interpretation of the results of genotoxicity tests.
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Setayesh T, Kundi M, Nersesyan A, Stopper H, Fenech M, Krupitza G, Knasmüller S. Use of micronucleus assays for the prediction and detection of cervical cancer: a meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1318-1328. [PMID: 32780106 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women; the survival rates depend strongly on its early detection. The Pap test is the most frequently used diagnostic tool, but due to its limited sensitivity/specificity, additional screening tests are needed. Therefore, we evaluated the use of micronucleus (MN) assays with cervical cells for the prediction and diagnosis of CC. MN reflects structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. A search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Thomson ISI and Google Scholar. Subsequently, meta-analyses were performed for different grades of abnormal findings in smears and biopsies from patients which were diagnosed with CC. Results of 21 studies in which findings of MN experiments were compared with data from Pap tests show that higher MN frequencies were found in women with abnormal cells that are indicative for increased cancer risks. MN frequency ratios increased in the order inflammation (2.1) < ASC-US and ASC-H (3.3) < LGSIL (4.4) < HGSIL (8.4). Furthermore, results are available from 17 investigations in which MN were scored in smears from patients with neoplasia. MN rates increased with the degree of neoplasia [CIN 1 (4.6) < CIN 2 (6.5) and CIN 3 (10.8)] and were significantly higher (8.8) in CC patients. Our meta-analysis indicates that the MN assay, which is easy to perform in combination with Pap tests, may be useful for the detection/prediction of CC. However, standardization (including definition of the optimal cell numbers and stains) and further validation is necessary before the MN test can be implemented in routine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australiaand
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Araújo R, Ramalhete L, Paz H, Ladeira C, Calado CRC. A new method to predict genotoxic effects based on serum molecular profile. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119680. [PMID: 33744838 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to develop new methods to assess genotoxic effects in human biomonitoring since the conventional methods are usually laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. It is aimed to evaluate if the analysis of a drop of serum by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, allow to assess genotoxic effects in occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs in hospital professionals, as obtained by the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. It was considered peripheral blood from hospital professionals exposed to cytostatic drugs (n = 22) and from a non-exposed group (n = 36). It was observed that workers occupationally exposed presented a higher number of micronuclei (p < 0.05) in lymphocytes, in relation to the non-exposed group. The serum Fourier Transform Infrared spectra from exposed workers presented diverse different peaks (p < 0.01) in relation to the non-exposed group. The hierarchical cluster analysis of serum spectra separated serum samples of the exposed group from the non-exposed group with 61% sensitivity and 88% specificity. A support vector machine model of serum spectra enables to predict exposure with high accuracy (0.91), precision (0.89), sensitivity (0.86), F1 score (0.87) and AUC (0.96). Therefore, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis of a drop of serum enabled to predict in a rapid and simple mode the genotoxic effects of cytostatic drugs. The method presents therefore potential for high-dimension screening of exposure of genotoxic substances, due to its simplicity and rapid setup mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Araújo
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Luís Ramalhete
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; CSTL-T - Centro de Sangue e da Transplantação de Lisboa - Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, IP, Alameda das Linhas de Torres, n°117, 1769-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélder Paz
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Avenida D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; CIMOSM, ISEL - Centro de Investigação em Modelação e Optimização de Sistemas Multifuncionais, ISEL, Portugal
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16
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Kment M, Ernst B, Setayesh T, Ferk F, Holzmann K, Krupitza G, Knasmueller S. Micronucleus assays with the human derived liver cell line (Huh6): A promising approach to reduce the use of laboratory animals in genetic toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112355. [PMID: 34147571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate representation of enzymes which catalyze the activation/detoxification of xenobiotics in cells that are currently used in genotoxicity testing of chemicals leads to a high number of false positive results and the number of follow up studies with rodents could be reduced by use of more reliable in vitro models. We found earlier that several xenobiotic drug metabolizing enzymes are represented in the human derived liver cell line Huh6 and developed a protocol for micronucleus (MN) experiments which is in agreement with the current OECD guideline. This protocol was used to test 23 genotoxic and non-genotoxic reference chemicals; based on these results and of earlier findings (with 9 chemicals) we calculated the predictive value of the assay for the detection of genotoxic carcinogens. We found a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 94% for a total number of 32 chemicals; comparisons with results obtained with other in vitro assays show that the validity of MN tests with Huh6 is higher as that of other experimental models. These results are promising and indicate that the use of Huh6 cells in genetic toxicology may contribute to the reduction of the use of laboratory rodents; further experimental work to confirm this assumption is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kment
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Ernst
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Nagy K, Argaw Tessema R, Szász I, Smeirat T, Al Rajo A, Ádám B. Micronucleus Formation Induced by Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides in Human Peripheral White Blood Cells. Front Public Health 2021; 9:639143. [PMID: 34109144 PMCID: PMC8180907 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.639143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide around the world, which led to its accumulation in the environment and consequent ubiquitous human exposure. Glyphosate is marketed in numerous glyphosate-based herbicide formulations (GBHs) that include co-formulants to enhance herbicidal effect of the active ingredient, but are declared as inert substances. However, these other ingredients can have biologic activity on their own and may interact with the glyphosate in synergistic toxicity. In this study, we focused to compare the cytogenetic effect of the active ingredient glyphosate and three marketed GBHs (Roundup Mega, Fozat 480, and Glyfos) by investigating cytotoxicity with fluorescent co-labeling and WST-1 cell viability assay as well as genotoxicity with cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in isolated human mononuclear white blood cells. Glyphosate had no notable cytotoxic activity over the tested concentration range (0-10,000 μM), whereas all the selected GBHs induced significant cell death from 1,000 μM regardless of metabolic activation (S9). Micronucleus (MN) formation induced by glyphosate and its formulations at sub-cytotoxic concentrations (0-100 μM) exhibited a diverse pattern. Glyphosate caused statistically significant increase of MN frequency at the highest concentration (100 μM) after 20-h exposure. Contrarily, Roundup Mega exerted a significant genotoxic effect at 100 μM both after 4- and 20-h exposures; moreover, Glyfos and Fozat 480 also resulted in a statistically significant increase of MN frequency from the concentration of 10 μM after 4-h and 20-h treatment, respectively. The presence of S9 had no effect on MN formation induced by either glyphosate or GBHs. The differences observed in the cytotoxic and genotoxic pattern between the active principle and formulations confirm the previous concept that the presence of co-formulants in the formulations or the interaction of them with the active ingredient is responsible for the increased toxicity of herbicide products, and draw attention to the fact that GBHs are still currently in use, the toxicity of which rivals that of POEA-containing formulations (e.g., Glyfos) already banned in Europe. Hence, it is advisable to subject them to further comprehensive toxicological screening to assess the true health risks of exposed individuals, and to reconsider their free availability to any users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Nagy
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roba Argaw Tessema
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Szász
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamara Smeirat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alaa Al Rajo
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Martínez-Valenzuela C, Huichapan J, Ortega LD, Irineo AB, Zenteno E, Ruiz-Ramos R. Nuclear abnormalities in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes of newborns from the Ahome and Guasave municipalities in Sinaloa, Mexico. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:968-977. [PMID: 33372370 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We measured the frequency of nuclear abnormalities of 210 blood samples from the umbilical cord, since human fetuses are exposed to environmental mixtures of pesticides that induce DNA damage. METHODS The determinations were made through the micronucleus assay test in lymphocytes from the umbilical cord blood of newborns whose mothers live in Ahome (n = 105) and Guasave (n = 105), Sinaloa, Mexico. RESULTS The average frequency of anomalies in 1000 cells were, respectively: micronucleus 0.4 vs. 2.9, pyknotic cells 18.3 vs. 109.2, chromatin condensation 7.7 vs. 150.1, karyolitic cells 1.8 vs. 24.4, and binucleated cells 4.9 vs. 74.6. The calculated Pearson correlation factors of nuclear abnormality frequencies between both municipalities were low and negative, suggesting that they did not correlate between the Ahome and Guasave newborns and indicating a higher number of mothers exposed in Guasave. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that monitoring nuclear abnormalities in umbilical cord blood samples could be a useful tool to identify transplacental mutagens perfusion that is being discharged into the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela
- Institute for Research in Environment and Health, Autonomous University of Occident, Bulevar Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José Huichapan
- Institute for Research in Environment and Health, Autonomous University of Occident, Bulevar Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Ortega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Popular Autonomous University of the State of Puebla, 13 Poniente 1927 Colonia Barrio de Santiago, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ana Bertha Irineo
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Occident, Bulevar Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Ruiz-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Veracruz University, Agustín de Iturbide S/N, Zona Centro, Veracruz, Mexico
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Alves J, Da Silva FR, Kahl V, Reyes J, Lima E, Abreu MB, Thiesen FV, Dos Santos DL, Salvador M, Dos Santos Branco C, Nersesyan A, Knasmuller S, Da Silva J. Impact of nicotine-induced green tobacco sickness on DNA damage and the relation with symptoms and alterations of redox status in tobacco farmers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111397. [PMID: 33007538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the harvest period, tobacco workers are exposed to nicotine and it is known that absorption of the alkaloid via the leaves causes green tobacco sickness (GST). We investigated if GST and its symptoms are associated with DNA damage and alterations of the redox status. DNA damage was measured in lymphocytes of tobacco workers and controls (n = 40/group) in single cell gel electrophoresis assays. Exposure to nicotine was determined by plasma cotinine measurements, alterations of the redox status by quantification of the total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The symptoms of GTS included nausea, abdominal cramps, headache, vomiting and dizziness, and 50% of the workers had more than one symptom. Cotinine levels were enhanced in the workers (111 ng/mL); furthermore, the extent of DNA damage was ca. 3-fold higher than in the controls. This effect was more pronounced in participants with GST compared to healthy nicotine exposed workers and increased in individuals with specific symptoms (range 22-36%). TBARS levels did not differ between workers and unexposed controls, while TEAC values were even increased (by 14.3%). Contact with nicotine present in tobacco leaves causes GTS and leads to damage of the DNA; this effect is more pronounced in workers with GTS symptoms and is associated with alterations of the redox status. Damage of the genetic material which was found in the workers may lead to adverse long-term effects that are caused by genomic instability such as cancer and accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodel Alves
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Da Silva
- Posgraduate Program in Evaluation of Environmental Impacts, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vivian Kahl
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute (CMRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana Reyes
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisiane Lima
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina B Abreu
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Leal Dos Santos
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (UCS), RS, Brazil; Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cátia Dos Santos Branco
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (UCS), RS, Brazil; Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmuller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil; Posgraduate Program in Health and Human Development, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Wultsch G, Setayesh T, Kundi M, Kment M, Nersesyan A, Fenech M, Knasmüller S. Induction of DNA damage as a consequence of occupational exposure to crystalline silica: A review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108349. [PMID: 34083037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
About 40 million workers are occupationally exposed to crystalline silica (CS) which was classified as a human carcinogen by the IARC. It is assumed that damage of the genetic material via inflammation and reactive oxygen species by CS lead to formation of malignant cells. We conducted a systematic literature search to find out if inhalation of CS containing dusts at workplaces causes damage of the genetic material. Thirteen studies were found eligible for this review, in most of them (n = 9) micronuclei (MN) which reflect structural/numerical chromosomal aberrations were monitored in lymphocytes and/or in exfoliated buccal cells. In 5 investigations DNA damage was measured in blood cells in single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) experiments. Frequently studied groups were potters, stone cutters, miners and construction workers. Results of meta-analyses show that exposure to CS causes formation of MN and DNA breaks, the overall ratio values were in exposed workers 2.06- and 1.96-fold higher than in controls, respectively. Two studies reported increased levels of oxidized guanine, and higher levels of DNA adducts with malondialdehyde indicating that exposure to CS leads to oxidative damage. The exposure of the workers to CS was quantified only in two studies, information concerning the size and chemical structures of the particles is lacking in most investigations. Therefore, it is not possible to use the results to derive occupational exposure limits of workers to CS which vary strongly in different countries. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the current state of knowledge shows that biomonitoring studies in which damage of the genetic material is measured in CS exposed workers can contribute to assess adverse health effects as consequence of DNA instability in specific occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kment
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Micronuclei as biomarkers of DNA damage, aneuploidy, inducers of chromosomal hypermutation and as sources of pro-inflammatory DNA in humans. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108342. [PMID: 33339572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MNi) are among the most widely studied biomarkers of DNA damage and chromosomal instability in humans. They originate from chromosome fragments or intact chromosomes that are not included in daughter nuclei during mitosis. The main reasons for their formation are a lack of functional centromere in the chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes or defects in one or more of the proteins of the mitotic system that, consequently, fails to segregate chromosomes properly. Assays have been developed to measure MNi in peripheral blood lymphocytes, red blood cells as well as various types of epithelial cells such as buccal, nasal, urothelial and cervical cells. Some of the assays have been further developed into micronucleus (MN) cytome assays to include additional nuclear anomalies, cell death and nuclear division biomarkers. In addition, the use of molecular probes has been adopted widely for the purpose of understanding the mechanistic origin of MNi. MN assays in humans are used for the purpose of investigating the genotoxic effects of adverse environmental, life-style and occupational factors, genetic susceptibility to DNA damage, and for determining risk of accelerated aging and diseases affected by genomic instability such as developmental defects and cancer. The emerging new knowledge showing that chromosomes trapped in MNi can undergo a high rate of fragmentation and become massively re-arranged have highlighted the possibility that MN formation is not only a biomarker of induced DNA damage but also a mechanism that drives hypermutation. Furthermore, another line of recent research showed that DNA and chromatin leaking from disrupted MNi triggers the innate immune cGAS-STING mechanism that promotes inflammation which can cause a wide-range of age-related diseases if left unresolved. For these reasons, MN assays in humans have become an increasingly important biomarker of disease initiation and progression across all life-stages.
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Lawrence R, Haboubi H, Williams L, Doak S, Jenkins G. Dietary and lifestyle factors effect erythrocyte PIG-A mutant frequency in humans. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:geaa025. [PMID: 33043963 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well understood that poor diet and lifestyle choices can increase the risk of cancer. It is also well documented that cancer is a disease of DNA mutations, with mutations in key genes driving carcinogenesis. Measuring these mutations in a minimally invasive way may be informative as to which exposures are harmful and thus allow us to introduce primary preventative measures, in a bid to reduce cancer incidences. Here, we have measured mutations in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG-A) gene in erythrocytes from healthy volunteers (n = 156) and from non-cancer patients attending the local endoscopy department (n = 144). The X-linked PIG-A gene encodes an enzyme involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor synthesis. A silencing mutation in which leads to the absence of GPI anchors on the extracellular surface which can be rapidly assessed using flow cytometry. The background level of PIG-A mutant erythrocytes was 2.95 (95% CI: 2.59-3.67) mutant cells (10-6). Older age increased mutant cell frequency (P < 0.001). There was no difference in mutant cell levels between males and females (P = 0.463) or smokers and non-smokers (P = 0.186). In the endoscopy group, aspirin users had lower mutant frequencies (P = 0.001). Further information on diet and exercise was available for the endoscopy patient group alone, where those with a higher health promotion index score had lower mutant frequencies (P = 0.011). Higher dietary intake of vegetables reduced mutant cell levels (P = 0.022). Participants who exercised for at least 1 h a week appeared to have reduced mutant frequencies than those who did not exercise, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.099). This low background level of mutant erythrocytes in a population makes this assay an attractive tool to monitor exposures such as those associated with lifestyles and diet, as demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Williams
- Department of Endoscopy, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
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Qin HM, Herrera D, Liu DF, Chen CQ, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Genotoxic properties of materials used for endoprostheses: Experimental and human data. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111707. [PMID: 32889016 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 2 million endoprostheses are implanted annually and metal ions as well as particles are released into the body from the materials which are used. This review describes the results of studies concerning genotoxic damage caused by artificial joints. DNA damage leads to various adverse long-term health effects in humans including cancer. Experiments with mammalian cells showed that metal ions and particles from orthopedic materials cause DNA damage. Induction of chromosomal aberrations (CA) was found in several in vitro experiments and in studies with rodents with metals from orthopedic materials. Human studies focused mainly on induction of CA (7 studies). Only few investigations (4) concerned sister chromatid exchanges, oxidative DNA damage (2) and micronucleus formation (1). CA are a reliable biomarker for increased cancer risks in humans) and were increased in all studies in patients with artificial joints. No firm conclusion can be drawn at present if the effects in humans are due to oxidative stress and if dissolved metal ions or release particles play a role. Our findings indicate that patients with artificial joints may have increased cancer risks due to damage of the genetic material. Future studies should be performed to identify safe materials and to study the molecular mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Qin
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Denise Herrera
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dian-Feng Liu
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao-Qian Chen
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria.
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Giardino L, Bidossi A, Del Fabbro M, Savadori P, Maddalone M, Ferrari L, Ballal NV, Das S, Rao BSS. Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) removal efficacy of several chelating agents. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1093-1110. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Giardino
- School of Dentistry University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia Catanzaro Italy
| | - A. Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - M. Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - P. Savadori
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - M. Maddalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - L. Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - N. V. Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - S. Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - B. S. S. Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
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25
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Borges da Silva E, Brayner Cavalcanti M, Ferreira Da Silva CS, de Salazar E Fernandes T, Azevedo Melo J, Lucena L, Maciel Netto A, Amaral A. Micronucleus assay for predicting side effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:60-66. [PMID: 32436746 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1759143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important treatment for cervical cancer. The quality of life of patients undergoing RT may be compromised during and following treatment by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, erythema and fistula. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays may be useful for predicting adverse effects of RT for cancer. The CBMN test is easy to perform and is reproducible for screening subjects exposed to ionizing radiation. We investigated the use of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) from peripheral blood samples, irradiated in vitro, as a possible biomarker to predict the side effects of RT in patients with cervical cancer. We used 10 patients with cervical cancer receiving RT and chemotherapy. We found a strong relation between the frequency of MN and the appearance of acute side effects of RT for cervical cancer. We suggest that the methodology presented here may be useful for predicting side effects of RT for patients affected by cervical cancer and who have undergone chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvane Borges da Silva
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Azevedo Melo
- Royal Institute of Radiotherapy, Royal Portuguese Hospital , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luciano Lucena
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Maciel Netto
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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26
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Varona-Uribe M, Ibáñez-Pinilla M, Briceno-Ayala L, Herrera D, Chuaire-Noack L, Martínez-Agüero M, Sánchez Corredor MC, Palma-Parra R, Narvaez D, Groot de Restrepo H. Biomarkers of susceptibility and effect in car painters exposed to organic solvents. Colomb Med (Cali) 2020; 51:e3646. [PMID: 32952228 PMCID: PMC7467118 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v51i1.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Car painters are routinely exposed to organic solvents classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic substances. Objective To characterize the population susceptibility and evaluate the genotoxic effects of exposure to organic solvents. Methods A cross-sectional study comparing a group of car painters exposed to organic solvents with a non-exposed group. CYP2E1 polymorphisms and the presence of micronuclei in lymphocytes were determined. Results One hundred twenty-two workers participated in the study: 62 who worked in car paint shops and were exposed to solvents, and 60 who were not exposed. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding micronucleated cells and nucleoplasmic bridges frequencies (p= 0.042 and p= 0.046, respectively; exact likelihood ratio). Significant differences were found at the interaction between the CYP2E1 genotype c1c1 and occupational exposure to solvents, with higher frequencies of micronuclei (p= 0.013) and micronucleated cells (p= 0.015). However, when the frequencies of micronuclei, micronucleated cells and nucleoplasmic bridges in the exposure group were compared between the c1c1 and c2c2/c1c2 allele groups of the CYP2E1 polymorphism, statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions This study confirms that when workers with CYP2E1 polymorphisms, specifically the c1c1 genotype, are exposed to organic solvents, they are more likely to have somatic cell mutations, a condition associated with increased susceptibility to diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Varona-Uribe
- Universidad del Rosario, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Diego Herrera
- Universidad del Rosario, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lilian Chuaire-Noack
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Cali, Colombia
| | - María Martínez-Agüero
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Diana Narvaez
- Universidad de los Andes, Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Micronucleus Assay: The State of Art, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041534. [PMID: 32102335 PMCID: PMC7073234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During almost 40 years of use, the micronucleus assay (MN) has become one of the most popular methods to assess genotoxicity of different chemical and physical factors, including ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. In this minireview, we focus on the position of MN among the other genotoxicity tests, its usefulness in different applications and visibility by international organizations, such as International Atomic Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and International Organization for Standardization. In addition, the mechanism of micronuclei formation is discussed. Finally, foreseen directions of the MN development are pointed, such as automation, buccal cells MN and chromothripsis phenomenon.
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28
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Determination of Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Values in Apparently Healthy Children by means of Age and Sex. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8729561. [PMID: 31950057 PMCID: PMC6944958 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8729561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay on blood lymphocytes is one of the most important tests implemented in cytogenetics for the measurement of genotoxicity. For the purpose of biological dosing, it is crucial to know the spontaneous frequency of MN and its normal values in general population, especially in children, which are used for the population databases. In this study, MN levels were investigated in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes of 150 apparently healthy children aged 1 to 15. Our aim was to assess the variability of MN values according to age and sex. The mean MN frequency among boys was 3.69 ± 1.747‰ and 4.12 ± 1.867‰ in girls where there was no significant difference in relation to age and sex. However, when we separated age groups as 0–2 years, 3–5 years, 6–10 years, and 11–15 years, one-way ANOVA test showed significant association. Significance was obvious in the 0–2 years age group with the 3–5 years age group and 6–10 years age group. When we grouped our study population as 0–2 years and 3–15 years, the mean MN frequency among the 0–2 years age group was 2.85 ± 1.599‰ and 4.07 ± 1.867‰ in the 3–15 years age group which was also statistically significant. This difference may be attributed to age-related increase of close contact with environmental hazardous agents. In conclusion, normal values of MN obtained in this study will add valuable information in regard to update the current childhood population data and will act as a reference for further genotoxicity studies.
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29
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Villas Boas GR, Rodrigues Lemos JM, de Oliveira MW, Dos Santos RC, Stefanello da Silveira AP, Bacha FB, Aguero Ito CN, Cornelius EB, Lima FB, Sachilarid Rodrigues AM, Costa NB, Bittencourt FF, Freitas de Lima F, Paes MM, Gubert P, Oesterreich SA. Preclinical safety evaluation of the aqueous extract from Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae): genotoxic, clastogenic and cytotoxic assessment in experimental models of genotoxicity in rats to predict potential human risks. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112086. [PMID: 31310830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants widely used by the population contain significant concentrations of biologically active compounds and, although they have proven pharmacological properties, can cause DNA damage and develop fatal diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic, cytotoxic potential and clastogenic effects of the aqueous extract from Mangifera indica leaves (EAMI) on rats submitted to experimental genotoxicity models and through the SMART test performed in Drosophila melanogaster. MATERIAL AND METHODS The comet assay and the micronucleus test were performed on peripheral and bone marrow blood, respectively, of Wistar rats, orally treated with EAMI at doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/bw for 28 days. In the SMART test, the standard cross between three mutant D. melanogaster strains was used. Larvae were treated with EAMI at different concentrations, and the wings of adult flies were evaluated for the presence/frequency of mutant spots and compared to the negative control group. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis of EAMI indicated high levels of flavonoids. The tests performed in rats showed that EAMI did not present significant genotoxic or clastogenic effects. The results showed a critical dose-dependent cytoprotective effect exerted by EAMI. This result was attributed to the high content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The biotransformation metabolites of EAMI did not present genotoxic activity, as demonstrated by the SMART test. CONCLUSIONS These results are relevant since they provide safety information about a plant species of great therapeutic, economical, nutritious and ethnopharmacological value for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Roberto Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rafael Claudino Dos Santos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Flávia Barbieri Bacha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Caren Naomi Aguero Ito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernanda Brioli Lima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Nathália Belmal Costa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernando Freitas de Lima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
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30
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Bonassi S, Fenech M. Micronuclei and Their Association with Infertility, Pregnancy Complications, Developmental Defects, Anaemias, Inflammation, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. THE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013604-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are a strong cytogenetic indicator of a catastrophic change in the genetic structure and stability of a cell because they originate from either chromosome breaks or whole chromosomes that have been lost from the main nucleus during cell division. The resulting genetic abnormalities can to lead to cellular malfunction, altered gene expression and impaired regenerative capacity. Furthermore, MN are increased as a consequence of genetic defects in DNA repair, deficiency in micronutrients required for DNA replication and repair and exposure to genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet or ionising radiation. For all of these reasons, the measurement of MN has become one of the best-established methods to measure DNA damage in humans at the cytogenetic level. This chapter is a narrative review of the current evidence for the association of increased MN frequency with developmental and degenerative diseases. In addition, important knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future studies required to consolidate the evidence are provided. The great majority of published studies show a significant association of increased MN in lymphocytes and/or buccal cells with infertility, pregnancy complications, developmental defects, anaemias, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the strongest evidence is from prospective studies showing that MN frequency in lymphocytes predicts cancer risk and cardiovascular disease mortality.
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Rossnerova A, Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Rossner P, Elzeinova F, Vrbova K, Topinka J, Schwarz J, Ondracek J, Kostejn M, Komarc M, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Dvorackova S. The repeated cytogenetic analysis of subjects occupationally exposed to nanoparticles: a pilot study. Mutagenesis 2019; 34:253-263. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials has been rapidly increasing during recent years. Inhalation exposure to nanoparticles (NP) may result in negative toxic effects but there is a critical lack of human studies, especially those related to possible DNA alterations. We analyzed pre-shift and post-shift a group of nanocomposite researchers with a long-term working background (17.8 ± 10.0 years) and matched controls. The study group consisted of 73.2% males and 26.8% females. Aerosol exposure monitoring during a working shift (involving welding, smelting, machining) to assess the differences in exposure to particulate matter (PM) including nanosized fractions <25–100 nm, and their chemical analysis, was carried out. A micronucleus assay using Human Pan Centromeric probes, was applied to distinguish between the frequency of centromere positive (CEN+) and centromere negative (CEN−) micronuclei (MN) in the binucleated cells. This approach allowed recognition of the types of chromosomal damage: losses and breaks. The monitoring data revealed differences in the exposure to NP related to individual working processes, and in the chemical composition of nanofraction. The cytogenetic results of this pilot study demonstrated a lack of effect of long-term (years) exposure to NP (total frequency of MN, P = 0.743), although this exposure may be responsible for DNA damage pattern changes (12% increase of chromosomal breaks—clastogenic effect). Moreover, short-term (daily shift) exposure could be a reason for the increase of chromosomal breaks in a subgroup of researchers involved in welding and smelting processes (clastogenic effect, P = 0.037). The gender and/or gender ratio of the study participants was also an important factor for the interpretation of the results. As this type of human study is unique, further research is needed to understand the effects of long-term and short-term exposure to NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fatima Elzeinova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostejn
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Technical University in Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
- Department of Engineering Technology, Technical University in Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
- Department of Material Science, Technical University in Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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Bolognesi C, Bonelli L, Compalati A, Ferla V, Stagnaro L, Ubezio G, Bruzzi P. "Normal values" for the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome parameters: Repeatability and reproducibility in a healthy reference population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:513-522. [PMID: 30368181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The micronucleus test in peripheral blood lymphocytes is the most widely validated technique to evaluate the DNA damage and chromosomal instability in human populations. The test is largely applied in monitoring environmental and occupational exposure to genotoxic agents. It was also proposed as a biomarker of risk/susceptibility for cancer and other degenerative diseases. The availability of "normal values" in healthy populations is a main requisite for the assay application in human biomonitoring. Age and gender-related ranges of micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBN) baseline values were established in a group of 103 healthy platelet donors (50 males and 53 females) not recently exposed to genotoxic agents and characterized for demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors. Repeatability of the test by the same scorer was evaluated. Reproducibility was estimated through analysis of repeated blood samples. High correlation between the results of the three blood samplings in two separate scoring sessions of MNBN/1000BN (R2 values were 0.83, 0.74 and 0.68; P < 0.0001) and PI values (R2 values were 0.69, 0.62 and 0.65; P < 0.0001) was detected. High consistency among the values obtained in three different samplings in the same individual was observed (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.905, (95% CI = 0.868-0.933, P < 0.0001) The range of "normal" values predicted on the basis of the results of the present study appears to be sufficiently narrow to warrant application of the assay in the comparison of data obtained from groups of exposed or susceptible subjects, supporting its use in preventive programs. The large inter-individual variability predicted by the model used in the present study hampers a clinical application of the assay at individual level. The method applied in the present study represents a generally applicable model to derive "normal values" in any population, as an essential step before starting a biomonitoring study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Unit of Environmental Carcinogenesis Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Luigina Bonelli
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Compalati
- Unit of Environmental Carcinogenesis Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferla
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Stagnaro
- Unit of Environmental Carcinogenesis Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ubezio
- Transfusion Centre, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bruzzi
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Italy
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33
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Dailton Guedes de Oliveira Moraes C, Henrique Godoi B, Chaves Silva Carvalho I, Cristina Pinto J, Carvalho Rossato R, Soares da Silva N, Pacheco Soares C. Genotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy in laryngeal cancer cells - An in vitro study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:262-271. [PMID: 30674213 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219826544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Recently, the use of photodynamic therapy grows as an alternative treatment for cancer, since it has a noninvasive characteristic and affinity to the tumor tissue. Accordingly, understanding the therapy's foci of action is important for the technique improvement. This work aims to understand the genotoxic effect triggered by the therapy action, thus evidencing the permanent changes caused to the genetic material of the tumor cell after the treatment. Therefore, to increase the knowledge in this study field, the methodology of the comet assay and count of micronucleus formed after the therapy was adopted in order to understand if the damage caused to the DNA of tumor cell makes its replication process unfeasible in future generations. The study allows a better therapeutic approach to the cancer treatment, making the process of association between therapies a more effective option during the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Dailton Guedes de Oliveira Moraes
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Godoi
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel Chaves Silva Carvalho
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Jessica Cristina Pinto
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Carvalho Rossato
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Newton Soares da Silva
- 2 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tissue, Sao Paulo, CEP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
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Nagy K, Zheng C, Bolognesi C, Ádám B. Interlaboratory evaluation of the genotoxic properties of pencycuron, a commonly used phenylurea fungicide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1052-1057. [PMID: 30180313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pencycuron, a phenylurea-type antifungal agent, is used in agriculture worldwide for inhibiting the growth of various fungal pathogens of crops. Pencycuron residues were found in vegetables, soil and drinking water. Accordingly, both occupational and consumer exposure can be expected and may be significant. However, human toxicity studies on its genotoxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic potential are lacking. Therefore, a collaborative study was performed in two laboratories to investigate whether pencycuron exposure can induce DNA damage. The genotoxic effect of 0-100 μg/ml pencycuron in in vitro cultures of human mononuclear white blood cells (MWBCs) and human hepatocytes (HepG2) was detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and comet assay. The combined results of the two labs showed a dose-dependent DNA damage detected by micronucleus frequency, which reached statistical significance at 100 μg/ml concentration after 21-h exposure in HepG2 cells (p = 0.048). Significant genotoxic effect could also be observed in the comet assay from 50 μg/ml concentration in MWBCs, and at 100 μg/ml concentration in HepG2 cells in one lab. Nevertheless, this finding was not confirmed by the other lab in HepG2 cells, where Fpg-dependent oxidative DNA damage could also not be detected. The results indicate that pencycuron may have DNA-damaging potential as well as point out inter-laboratory variability that calls for further studies to confirm the genotoxicity of this fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Nagy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Congying Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Abstract
The micronucleus (MN) assay, applied in different surrogate tissues, is one of the best validated cytogenetic techniques for evaluating chromosomal damage in humans. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) is the most frequently used method in biomonitoring human populations to evaluate DNA damage caused by exposure to genotoxic agents, micronutrient deficiency or excess and genetic instability. Furthermore, recent scientific evidence suggests an association between an increased MN frequency in lymphocytes and risk of cancer and other age-related degenerative diseases. The micronucleus cytome assay applied in buccal exfoliated cells (BMNCyt), provides a complementary method for measuring DNA damage and cytotoxic effects in an easily accessible tissue not requiring ex vivo/in vitro culture. The protocol for L-CBMNcyt described here, refers to the use of ex vivo whole blood method, involving 72 h of culture with the block of cytokinesis starting at 44 h. BMNCyt protocol reports the established method for sample collection, processing, slide preparation and scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Al-Serori H, Knasmüller S. Induction of chromosomal damage in exfoliated buccal and nasal cells of road markers. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:969-976. [PMID: 31596695 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1673578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Road markers are exposed to various chemicals and particles. The aim of this study was to determine whether road worker exposure induceschromosomal damage which is indicative for increased cancer risks. Micronucleus (MN) cytome assays were thus conducted with exfoliated nasal and buccal cells collected from 42 workers and 42 matched controls. The frequencies of MN (reflecting chromosomal aberrations), nuclear buds (NBuds; reflecting gene amplifications) and binucleated cells (BN; reflecting disturbed mitosis) were scored. Further, the rates of nuclear anomalies indicative of acute cytotoxicity (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, pyknosis) were evaluated. Data demonstrated marked induction of MN, NBuds, and BN by 1.34-fold, 1.24-fold and 1.14-fold in buccal cells. In nasal cells, only MN frequencies were elevated, 1.23-fold. These effects were paralleled by increased rates of condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis and karyolysis in both cell types. The effects were more pronounced in individuals who had worked for more than 10 years while smoking did not produce synergistic responses. This is the first investigation concerning the induction of genetic damage in road markers and the results are suggestive for enhanced cancer risks. It is conceivable that exposure to silica dust (known to induce cancer and genetic damage) and/or benzoyl peroxide which forms reactive radicals may be associated with the observed genetic damage in road workers. Further investigations of the cancer risks of these workers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College , London , UK
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Espitia-Pérez L, da Silva J, Brango H, Espitia-Pérez P, Pastor-Sierra K, Salcedo-Arteaga S, de Souza CT, Dias JF, Hoyos-Giraldo LS, Gómez-Pérez M, Salcedo-Restrepo D, Henriques JA. Genetic damage in environmentally exposed populations to open-pit coal mining residues: Analysis of buccal micronucleus cytome (BMN-cyt) assay and alkaline, Endo III and FPG high-throughput comet assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M, Bolognesi C. Validity of the Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay (L-CBMN) as biomarker for human exposure to chemicals with different modes of action: A synthesis of systematic reviews. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kahl VFS, Simon D, de Souza MR, da Rosa VH, Nicolau C, Da Silva FR, Kvitko K, Peres A, Dorneles GP, de Souza CT, Dias JF, Da Silva J. Base excision repair (OGG1 and XRCC1) and metabolism (PON1) gene polymorphisms act on modulation of DNA damage and immune parameters in tobacco farmers. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:9-18. [PMID: 30442351 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are one of the most frequently investigated chemical, due to their multiple uses in agricultural and public health areas. This study evaluates lymphocytes CBMN (cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay), inflammatory markers, inorganic elements in blood samples, and the relationship of these parameters with XRCC1Arg194Trp, OGG1Ser326Cys and PON1Gln192Arg polymorphisms in a population of tobacco farmers. The study population comprised 129 agricultural workers exposed to pesticides and 91 nonexposed. Farmers had significantly increased NPB (nuclear plasmatic bridge), MN (micronucleus) and NBUD (nuclear bud) frequencies, as well as IL-6 (interleukin 6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) serum levels, and decreased cytokines CD4+/CD8+ ratio. In the exposed group, XRCC1 Trp/- was correlated with decreased NDI (nuclear division index), and OGG1 Cys/- was associated with higher levels of NPB and decreased levels of IL-6. The combined effects of PON1 Arg/- and XRCC1 Arg/Arg were associated with increased NPB frequencies. In addition, the combination of PON1 Arg/- with XRCC1 Trp/- or OGG1 Cys/- influenced in increased levels of necrosis in farmers. Furthermore, tobacco farmers showed a positive correlation between TNF-α levels and NPB, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NBUD; and IL-6 levels with both MN and NDI. The duration of years of work at tobacco fields was correlated positively with NBUD frequency. Sulfur, chlorine and potassium were found at increased levels in the exposed group when compared to the nonexposed one. These findings provide evidence that tobacco farmers' exposure have increased DNA damage and alter the immune system's response, and that XRCC1 and OGG1 polymorphisms could influence both biomarkers results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Francilia Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 5th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Vieira Henrico da Rosa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Nicolau
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Impact Assessment, UniLaSalle, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Katia Kvitko
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGGBM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, building 43323, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Research Center, Methodist University Center IPA, R. Dona Leonor, 340, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Oleochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, building 22, 4th floor, Canoas, Brazil.
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Bankoglu EE, Seyfried F, Arnold C, Soliman A, Jurowich C, Germer CT, Otto C, Stopper H. Reduction of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of obese patients after bariatric surgery-mediated weight loss. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:61-67. [PMID: 29294093 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with several detrimental health consequences, among them an increased risk for development of cancer, and an overall elevated mortality. Multiple factors like hyperinsulinemia, chronic microinflammation and oxidative stress may be involved. The comet assay has been proven to be very sensitive for detection of DNA damage and has been used to explore the relationship between overweight/obesity and DNA damage, but results are controversial. Very few investigations have been performed to correlate weight loss of obese individuals and possible reduction of DNA damage and these studies have not provided clear results. As currently, only surgical interventions (metabolic/bariatric surgery) enable substantial and sustained weight loss in the vast majority of morbidly obese patients, we analyzed whole blood samples of 56 subsequent patients prior, 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. No reduction of DNA damage was observed in comet assay analysis after 6 months despite efficient weight loss, but a significant reduction was observed 12 months after surgery. Concurrently, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay showed a significant reduction after 6 and 12 months. The level of oxidised glutathione and lipid peroxidation products were increased at 6 months but normalised at 12 months after surgery. As conclusion, a significant weight reduction in obese patients may help to diminish existing DNA damage besides improving many other health aspects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Arnold
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Soliman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jurowich
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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41
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Abramsson-Zetterberg L. Strongly heated carbohydrate-rich food is an overlooked problem in cancer risk evaluation. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:151-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Setayesh T, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Ferk F, Langie S, Andrade VM, Haslberger A, Knasmüller S. Impact of obesity and overweight on DNA stability: Few facts and many hypotheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:64-91. [PMID: 30115431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health authorities are alarmed worldwide about the increase of obesity and overweight in the last decades which lead to adverse health effects including inflammation, cancer, accelerated aging and infertility. We evaluated the state of knowledge concerning the impact of elevated body mass on genomic instability. Results of investigations with humans (39 studies) in which DNA damage was monitored in lymphocytes and sperm cells, are conflicting and probably as a consequence of heterogeneous study designs and confounding factors (e.g. uncontrolled intake of vitamins and minerals and consumption of different food types). Results of animal studies with defined diets (23 studies) are more consistent and show that excess body fat causes DNA damage in multiple organs including brain, liver, colon and testes. Different molecular mechanisms may cause genetic instability in overweight/obese individuals. ROS formation and lipid peroxidation were found in several investigations and may be caused by increased insulin, fatty acid and glucose levels or indirectly via inflammation. Also reduced DNA repair and formation of advanced glycation end products may play a role but more data are required to draw firm conclusions. Reduction of telomere lengths and hormonal imbalances are characteristic for overweight/obesity but the former effects are delayed and moderate and hormonal effects were not investigated in regard to genomic instability in obese individuals. Increased BMI values affect also the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes which activate/detoxify genotoxic carcinogens, but no studies concerning the impact of these alterations of DNA damage in obese individuals are available. Overall, the knowledge concerning the impact of increased body weight and DNA damage is poor and further research is warranted to shed light on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celulare Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Kahl VFS, Dhillon V, Fenech M, de Souza MR, da Silva FN, Marroni NAP, Nunes EA, Cerchiaro G, Pedron T, Batista BL, Cappetta M, Mártinez-López W, Simon D, da Silva J. Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Tobacco Fields: The Integrated Evaluation of Nutritional Intake and Susceptibility on Genomic and Epigenetic Instability. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7017423. [PMID: 29967663 PMCID: PMC6009020 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7017423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides used at tobacco fields are associated with genomic instability, which is proposed to be sensitive to nutritional intake and may also induce epigenetic changes. We evaluated the effect of dietary intake and genetic susceptibility polymorphisms in MTHFR (rs1801133) and TERT (rs2736100) genes on genomic and epigenetic instability in tobacco farmers. Farmers, when compared to a nonexposed group, showed increased levels of different parameters of DNA damage (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds), evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Telomere length (TL) measured by quantitative PCR was shorter in exposed individuals. Global DNA methylation was significantly decreased in tobacco farmers. The exposed group had lower dietary intake of fiber, but an increase in cholesterol; vitamins such as B6, B12, and C; β-carotene; and α-retinol. Several trace and ultratrace elements were found higher in farmers than in nonfarmers. The MTHFR CT/TT genotype influenced nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, and TL in the exposed group, whereas TERT GT/TT only affected micronucleus frequency. We observed a positive correlation of TL and lipids and an inverse correlation of TL and fibers. The present data suggest an important role of dietary intake and subjects' genetic susceptibility to xenobiotics-induced damages and epigenetic alterations in tobacco farmers occupationally exposed to mixtures of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F. Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Nitzke da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Norma Anair Possa Marroni
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology-Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Biosystems, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Postgraduate Program in Biosystems, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pedron
- Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology/Chemistry, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology/Chemistry, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Mónica Cappetta
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Genetics Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wilner Mártinez-López
- Epigenetics and Genomic Instability Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA, Wilkins RC, Fenech MF. The potential for complete automated scoring of the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay using imaging flow cytometry. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:53-64. [PMID: 30389163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay was originally developed for the measurement of micronuclei (MN) exclusively in binucleated (BN) cells, which represent the population of cells that can express MN because they completed nuclear division. Recently the assay has evolved into a comprehensive cytome method to include biomarkers that measure chromosomal instability and cytotoxicity by quantification of nuclear buds (NBUDs), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and apoptotic/necrotic cells. Furthermore, enumeration of mono- and polynucleated cells allows for computation of the nuclear division index (NDI) to assess mitotic activity. Typically performed by manual microscopy, the CBMN cytome assay is laborious and subject to scorer bias and fatigue, leading to inter- and intra-scorer variability. Automated microscopy and conventional flow cytometry methods have been developed to automate scoring of the traditional and cytome versions of the assay. However, these methods have several limitations including the requirement to create high-quality microscope slides, lack of staining consistency and sub-optimal nuclear/cytoplasmic visualization. In the case of flow cytometry, stripping of the cytoplasmic membrane makes it impossible to measure MN in BN cells, calculate the NDI or to quantify apoptotic or necrotic cells. Moreover, the absence of cellular visualization using conventional flow cytometry, makes it impossible to quantify NBUDs and NPBs. In this review, we propose that imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines high resolution microscopy with flow cytometry, may overcome these limitations. We demonstrate that by using IFC, images from cells in suspension can be captured, removing the need for microscope slides and allowing visualization of intact cytoplasmic membranes and DNA content. Thus, mono-, bi- and polynucleated cells with and without MN can be rapidly and automatically identified and quantified. Finally, we present high-resolution cell images containing NBUDs and NPBs, illustrating that IFC possesses the potential for completely automated scoring of all components of the CBMN cytome assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1C1, Canada
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Budnik LT, Adam B, Albin M, Banelli B, Baur X, Belpoggi F, Bolognesi C, Broberg K, Gustavsson P, Göen T, Fischer A, Jarosinska D, Manservisi F, O’Kennedy R, Øvrevik J, Paunovic E, Ritz B, Scheepers PTJ, Schlünssen V, Schwarzenbach H, Schwarze PE, Sheils O, Sigsgaard T, Van Damme K, Casteleyn L. Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment: DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:6. [PMID: 29441119 PMCID: PMC5800006 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO has ranked environmental hazardous exposures in the living and working environment among the top risk factors for chronic disease mortality. Worldwide, about 40 million people die each year from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular, neurological and lung diseases. The exposure to ambient pollution in the living and working environment is exacerbated by individual susceptibilities and lifestyle-driven factors to produce complex and complicated NCD etiologies. Research addressing the links between environmental exposure and disease prevalence is key for prevention of the pandemic increase in NCD morbidity and mortality. However, the long latency, the chronic course of some diseases and the necessity to address cumulative exposures over very long periods does mean that it is often difficult to identify causal environmental exposures. EU-funded COST Action DiMoPEx is developing new concepts for a better understanding of health-environment (including gene-environment) interactions in the etiology of NCDs. The overarching idea is to teach and train scientists and physicians to learn how to include efficient and valid exposure assessments in their research and in their clinical practice in current and future cooperative projects. DiMoPEx partners have identified some of the emerging research needs, which include the lack of evidence-based exposure data and the need for human-equivalent animal models mirroring human lifespan and low-dose cumulative exposures. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating seven working groups, DiMoPEx will focus on aspects of air pollution with particulate matter including dust and fibers and on exposure to low doses of solvents and sensitizing agents. Biomarkers of early exposure and their associated effects as indicators of disease-derived information will be tested and standardized within individual projects. Risks arising from some NCDs, like pneumoconioses, cancers and allergies, are predictable and preventable. Consequently, preventative action could lead to decreasing disease morbidity and mortality for many of the NCDs that are of major public concern. DiMoPEx plans to catalyze and stimulate interaction of scientists with policy-makers in attacking these exposure-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia Therese Budnik
- Division of Translational Toxicology and Immunology, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Balazs Adam
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria Albin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Banelli
- Tumor Epigenetics Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS and University of Genoa, DISSAL, Genoa, Italy
| | - Xaver Baur
- European Society for Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- San Martino-IST Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, National Cancer Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Karin Broberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Göen
- Social and Environmental Medicine, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité Universitäts Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Fabiana Manservisi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard O’Kennedy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Beate Ritz
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health (FSPH), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul T. J. Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc (Radboud university medical center), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section Environment, Occupation & Health & Danish Ramazzini Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James’s Hospital, Trinity translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section Environment, Occupation & Health & Danish Ramazzini Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karel Van Damme
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Oreščanin V, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay parameters in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population: Contribution of age, sex, seasonal variations and lifestyle factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:561-570. [PMID: 29127818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay was used to evaluate the baseline frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population (average age, 38.28 ± 12.83 years) in relation to age, sex, body mass index, seasonal variations (season of sampling, period of sampling and different meteorological parameters) and lifestyle factors (smoking habit, alcohol consumption, exposure to medications and diagnostic radiation, physical activity, and family history of cancer). The background frequency of micronuclei (MNi) for the 200 subjects assayed was 5.06 ± 3.11 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 1.21 ± 1.46 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.48 ± 2.14. The background frequency of apoptosis and necrosis was 1.58 ± 1.50 and 1.39 ± 1.56, respectively, while the mean nuclear division index (NDI) was 1.99 ± 0.14. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 200 individual values, was 11 MNi, 4 NPBs and 7 NBUDs. The study also confirmed an association of the above mentioned parameters with age, sex and several lifestyle factors. Moreover, significant confounders based on our results are also sampling season, sampling period and different meteorological parameters that were dependent on the CBMN Cyt assay parameters. In line with the above mentioned, several factors should be taken into account when it comes to the monitoring of exposed populations using cytogenetic biomarkers. Moreover, the normal and cut-off values obtained in this study present background data for the general population, and can later serve as baseline values for further biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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47
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Villas Boas GR, Souza de Araújo FH, Moreira Marcelino J, Almeida Castro LH, Stefanello da Silveira AP, Silva Nacer R, Rodrigues de Souza F, Cardoso CAL, Boerngen de Lacerda R, Guterres ZDR, Oesterreich SA. Preclinical safety evaluation of the ethanolic extract fromCampomanesia pubescens(Mart. ex DC.) O.BERG (guavira) fruits: analysis of genotoxicity and clastogenic effects. Food Funct 2018; 9:3707-3717. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity studies of medicinal plants are recommended by international regulatory agencies as part of the risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Renato Silva Nacer
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University Center of Grande Dourados
- Dourados
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Zaira da Rosa Guterres
- Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory
- State University of Mato Grosso do Sul
- Dourados
- Brazil
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48
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The lymphocyte cytokinesis block micronucleus test in human populations occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 774:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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49
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Turkez H, Arslan ME, Ozdemir O. Genotoxicity testing: progress and prospects for the next decade. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:1089-1098. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1375097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, University ‘G. d’Annunzio’, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mehmet E. Arslan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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50
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Rossnerova A, Pokorna M, Svecova V, Sram RJ, Topinka J, Zölzer F, Rossner P. Adaptation of the human population to the environment: Current knowledge, clues from Czech cytogenetic and "omics" biomonitoring studies and possible mechanisms. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:188-203. [PMID: 28927528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human population is continually exposed to numerous harmful environmental stressors, causing negative health effects and/or deregulation of biomarker levels. However, studies reporting no or even positive impacts of some stressors on humans are also sometimes published. The main aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the last decade of Czech biomonitoring research, concerning the effect of various levels of air pollution (benzo[a]pyrene) and radiation (uranium, X-ray examination and natural radon background), on the differently exposed population groups. Because some results obtained from cytogenetic studies were opposite than hypothesized, we have searched for a meaningful interpretation in genomic/epigenetic studies. A detailed analysis of our data supported by the studies of others and current epigenetic knowledge, leads to a hypothesis of the versatile mechanism of adaptation to environmental stressors via DNA methylation settings which may even originate in prenatal development, and help to reduce the resulting DNA damage levels. This hypothesis is fully in agreement with unexpected data from our studies (e.g. lower levels of DNA damage in subjects from highly polluted regions than in controls or in subjects exposed repeatedly to a pollutant than in those without previous exposure), and is also supported by differences in DNA methylation patterns in groups from regions with various levels of pollution. In light of the adaptation hypothesis, the following points may be suggested for future research: (i) the chronic and acute exposure of study subjects should be distinguished; (ii) the exposure history should be mapped including place of residence during the life and prenatal development; (iii) changes of epigenetic markers should be monitored over time. In summary, investigation of human adaptation to the environment, one of the most important processes of survival, is a new challenge for future research in the field of human biomonitoring that may change our view on the results of biomarker analyses and potential negative health impacts of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pokorna
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Svecova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Sram
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Friedo Zölzer
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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