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Vargas D, Segat H, Gehrcke M, Prado VC, Roversi K, Muller SG, do Nascimento PS, Nogueira CW, Burger ME, Elias F, Gruchouskei L, Cruz L, Muller DCDM. Indole-3-carbinol loaded-nanocapsules modulated inflammatory and oxidative damages and increase skin wound healing in rats. Free Radic Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38962912 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2375200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of topically applied hydrogels (HG) containing nanoencapsulated indol-3-carbinol (I3C) and its free form in a rat model of skin wounds. Formulations were topically applied twice a day for five days to the wounds. On days 1, 3, and 6, the wound area was measured to verify the % of regression. On the sixth day, the animals were euthanized for the analysis of the inflammatory and oxidative profile in wounds. The nanocapsules (NC) exhibited physicochemical characteristics compatible with this kind of suspension. After five hours of exposure to ultraviolet C, more than 78% of I3C content in the suspensions was still observed. The NC-I3C did not modify the physicochemical characteristics of HG when compared to the HG base. In the in vivo study, an increase in the size of the wound was observed on the 3rd experimental day, which was lower in the treated groups (mainly in HG-NC-I3C) compared to the control. On the 6th day, HG-I3C, HG-NC-B, and HG-NC-I3C showed lower regression of the wound compared to the control. Additionally, HG-NC-I3C exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect (as observed by decreased levels of interleukin-1B and myeloperoxidase), reduced oxidative damage (by decreased reactive species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation levels), and increased antioxidant defense (by improved catalase activity and vitamin C levels) compared to the control. The current study showed more satisfactory results in the HG-NC-I3C group than in the free form of I3C in decreasing acute inflammation and oxidative damage in wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vargas
- Veterinary Medicine Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | - Hecson Segat
- Campus Itaqui, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui city, Brazil
| | - Mailine Gehrcke
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria city, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Costa Prado
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria city, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Grendene Muller
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Pharmacology Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Elias
- Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza City, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gruchouskei
- Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza City, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria city, Brazil
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Battisti MA, Constantino L, Argenta DF, Reginatto FH, Pizzol FD, Caon T, Campos AM. Nanoemulsions and nanocapsules loaded with Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil for sepsis treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1239-1252. [PMID: 38227165 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a complex clinical syndrome that results from a harmful host response to infection. The infections most associated with sepsis are pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection, and urinary tract infection. Tea tree oil (TTO) has shown high antibacterial activity; however, it exhibits low aqueous solubility and high volatility, which have motivated its nanoencapsulation. In this study, the performance of nanoemulsions (NE) and nanocapsules (NC) loaded with TTO was compared. These systems were prepared by spontaneous emulsification and nanoprecipitation methods, respectively. Poly-ε-caprolactone or Eudragit® RS100 were tested as polymers for NCs whereas Tween® 80 or Pluronic® F68 as surfactants in NE preparation. Pluronic® F68 and Eudragit® RS100 resulted in more homogeneous and stable nanoparticles. In accelerated stability studies at 4 and 25 °C, both colloidal suspensions (NC and NE) were kinetically stable. NCs showed to be more stable to photodegradation and less cytotoxic than NEs. After sepsis induction by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, both NE and NC reduced neutrophil infiltration into peritoneal lavage (PL) and kidneys. Moreover, the systems increased group thiols in the kidney and lung tissue and reduced bacterial growth in PL. Taken together, both systems showed to be effective against injury induced by sepsis; however, NCs should be prioritized due to advantages in terms of cytotoxicity and physicochemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Battisti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Constantino
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Fretes Argenta
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caon
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Machado Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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3
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Aderibigbe BA. Nanotherapeutics for the delivery of antifungal drugs. Ther Deliv 2024. [PMID: 38174574 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of fungal infections is challenging with high death rates reported among immunocompromised patients. The currently available antifungals suffer from poor bioavailability and solubility, pharmacokinetics, and drug resistance, with limited cellular uptake. The clinical pipeline of new antifungals is dry. The incorporation of antifungal drugs into polymer-based nanocarriers to form nanotherapeutics is a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of the available antifungal drugs. This review summarizes different polymer-based nanotherapeutics strategies that have been explored for the delivery of antifungals, resulting in enhanced therapeutic outcomes, such as improved pharmacokinetics, targeted/sustained delivery, prolonged drug circulation, retention of the drugs at the localized site of action, and overcoming drug resistance when compared with the free antifungal drugs.
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Kumar P, Yadav N, Chaudhary B, Umakanthan S, Chattu VK, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Alzarea SI, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Gupta G, Gupta MM. Lipid Nanocapsule: A Novel Approach to Drug Delivery System Formulation Development. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:268-284. [PMID: 37231750 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230523114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanocapsules are polymeric nanoparticles encased in a polymeric coating composed of a predominantly non-ionic surfactant, macromolecules, phospholipids, and an oil core. Lipophilic drugs have been entrapped using various nanocarriers, including lipid cores, likely lipid nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, and others. A phase inversion temperature approach is used to create lipid nanocapsules. The PEG (polyethyleneglycol) is primarily utilised to produce nanocapsules and is a critical parameter influencing capsule residence time. With their broad drug-loading features, lipid nanocapsules have a distinct advantage in drug delivery systems, such as the capacity to encapsulate hydrophilic or lipophilic pharmaceuticals. Lipid nanocapsules, as detailed in this review, are surface modified, contain target-specific patterns, and have stable physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, lipid nanocapsules have target-specific delivery and are commonly employed as a marker in the diagnosis of numerous illnesses. This review focuses on nanocapsule synthesis, characterisation, and application, which will help understand the unique features of nanocapsules and their application in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Shri Ram College of Pharmacy, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Nishant Yadav
- B. S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Benu Chaudhary
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | - Srikant Umakanthan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, WI
| | - Vijay K Chattu
- Department of OS & OT, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Center for Technology and Innovations, Global Health Research and Innovations Canada Inc. (GHRIC), ON, Toronto, Canada
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Madan M Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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Xiong Y, Wu B, Guo X, Shi D, Xia H, Xu H, Liu X. Galangin delivered by retinoic acid-modified nanoparticles targeted hepatic stellate cells for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10987-11001. [PMID: 37033441 PMCID: PMC10077338 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07561j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a chronic hepatic pathological process induced by various liver injuries, with few available therapies. Previous research studies revealed that HF is characterized by the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix in the liver, mainly overexpressed by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Therefore, HSC have been targeted in clinical trials for the management of HF. The aim of the present study was to develop an anti-HF drug delivery system with acrylic resin (Eudragit® RS100, Eud RS100) nanoparticles (NPs) through modification by retinoic acid (RA), modified for binding the retinol-binding protein reporter (RBPR) in HSC. Galangin (GA), is a multiple effects flavonoid which has demonstrated an anti-HF effect in our previous studies. In this study, GA was utilized for the treatment of HF. The results revealed that the NPs were well formed (diameter: 70 nm), spherical in shape, and exhibited uniform distribution and a high encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, a prominent controlled release effect and a significant increase in bioavailability was observed following the encapsulation of GA in NPs. These findings indicated that the limitation of low bioavailability due to the hydrophobic feature of GA was overcome. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamics studies demonstrated that NPs could drastically influence the anti-HF effects of GA after modification with retinoic acid. The results of the present study suggested that retinoic acid-modified GA NPs represent a promising candidate in the development of an anti-HF drug delivery system for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanguo Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
- School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 HuangJiahu Road West Wuhan 430065 China +86 27 68890239
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan 442000 China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China +86 27 88041911 +86 27 88041911
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Xianxi Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Dong Shi
- School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 HuangJiahu Road West Wuhan 430065 China +86 27 68890239
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China +86 27 88041911 +86 27 88041911
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Hanlin Xu
- School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 HuangJiahu Road West Wuhan 430065 China +86 27 68890239
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China +86 27 88041911 +86 27 88041911
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060 China
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A novel nanotechnological mucoadhesive and fast-dissolving film for vaginal delivery of clotrimazole: design, characterization, and in vitro antifungal action. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2907-2919. [PMID: 35499713 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pullulan (PUL) films containing pomegranate seed oil and Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules loaded with clotrimazole (CTZ-NC-PUL) were developed to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Our findings showed that the nanocapsule average diameter was around 163 ± 4 nm, with polydispersity index values of up to 0.1 ± 0.01 and positively charged zeta potential (+ 43.5 ± 0.7 mV). The pH was in the acid range (5.14 ± 0.12) and encapsulation efficiency was around 99.6%; CTZ nanoencapsulation promoted higher homogeneity values for the film (91%), and the stability studies displayed no changes in the drug content after 120 days for the CTZ-NC-PUL under refrigerated conditions. All formulations were considered non-irritant, and CTZ-NC-PUL promoted a controlled release of the drug (60% in 24 h) compared to CTZ-PUL (100% in 8 h). The permeation results corroborate the drug release, where higher CTZ amounts were found in the mucosa and receptor medium for CTZ-PUL (21.02 and 4.46 μg/cm2). The films were fast dissolving (10 min), and CTZ-NC-PUL presented higher mucoadhesive properties; the antifungal activity against Candida albicans was maintained, and the in vitro efficacy of the film was proved. In conclusion, CTZ-NC-PUL formulation was considered promising and suitable for vaginal application against candida-related infections.
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dos Santos RB, Funguetto-Ribeiro AC, Maciel TR, Fonseca DP, Favarin FR, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, de Gomes MG, Nakamura TU, Rolim CMB, Haas SE. In vivo and in vitro per se effect evaluation of Polycaprolactone and Eudragit® RS100-based nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wal P, Saraswat N, Vig H. A detailed insight on the molecular and cellular mechanism of action of the antifungal drugs used in the treatment of superficial fungal infections. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220328141054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Dermatomycosis, a type of fungal infection that can infect human skin, hair, and nails; day by day the growth of fungal infections ranging from superficial to systemic infection is alarming. Common causative agents included are Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis species.
Objective:
The effective treatment of the fungal infection includes the use of proper antifungal drug therapy. Antifungal drugs are classified into various classes. This paper focuses on understanding and interpreting the detailed molecular and cellular mechanism of action of various classes of an anti-fungal drug along with their important characteristics along with the safety and efficacy data of individual drugs of the particular class.
Methods:
The data selection for carrying out the respective study has been done by studying the combination of review articles and research papers from different databases like Research Gate, PubMed, MDPI, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Med Crave ranging from the year 1972 to 2019 by using the keywords like “anti-fungal agents”, “dermatophytes”, “cutaneous candidiasis”, “superficial fungal infections”, “oral candidiasis”, “amphotericin”, “echinocandins”, “azoles”, “polyenes” “ketoconazole”, “terbinafine”, “griseofulvin”, “azoles”.
Result:
Based on interpretation, we have concluded that the different classes of antifungal drugs follow the different mechanisms of action and target the fungal cell membrane, and are efficient in reducing fungal disease by their respective mechanism.
Conclusion:
The prevention and cure of fungal infections can be done by oral or topical antifungal drugs that aim to destroy the fungal cell membrane. These drugs show action by their respective pathways that are either preventing the formation of ergosterol or squalene or act by inhibiting β-1,3-glucan synthase enzyme. All the drugs are effective in treating fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Dean & Professor, Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Nikita Saraswat
- Assistant Professor, Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Himangi Vig
- Research Scholar, Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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Oleic Acid-Based Self Micro-Emulsifying Delivery System for Enhancing Antifungal Activities of Clotrimazole. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030478. [PMID: 35335854 PMCID: PMC8951188 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing rate of drug resistance in Candida spp., higher doses of antifungal agents are being used resulting in toxicity. Drug delivery systems have been shown to provide an effective approach to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of antifungal agents. Oleic acid was revealed to effectively inhibit biofilm formation, hence reducing the virulence of Candida albicans. In this study, oleic acid-based self micro-emulsifying delivery systems (OA-SMEDDS) were developed for delivering clotrimazole (CLT). Based on the pseudo-ternary phase diagram and loading capacity test, the optimal ratio of OA-SMEDDS with CLT was selected. CLT-loaded OA-SMEDDS not only bears a higher drug loading capacity but also maintains good storage stability. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of CLT-loaded OA-SMEDDS (0.01 μg/mL) in Candida albicans was significantly lower than that of CLT dissolved in DMSO (0.04 μg/mL). Moreover, we showed CLT-loaded OA-SMEDDS could effectively prevent biofilm formation and destroy the intact biofilm structure of Candida albicans. Furthermore, a CLT-loaded OA-SMEDDS gel was developed and evaluated for its antifungal properties. Disk diffusion assay indicated that both CLT-loaded OA-SMEDDS and CLT-loaded OA-SMEDDS gels were more effective than commercially available products in inhibiting the wild-type and drug-resistant species of Candida.
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Dedeloudi A, Siamidi A, Pavlou P, Vlachou M. Recent Advances in the Excipients Used in Modified Release Vaginal Formulations. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010327. [PMID: 35009472 PMCID: PMC8745980 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of an ideal vaginal drug delivery system (DDS), with the requisite properties, with respect to safety, efficacy, patient compliance, aesthetics, harmonization with the regulatory requirements, and cost, requires a meticulous selection of the active ingredients and the excipients used. Novel excipients defined by diversity and multifunctionality are used in order to ameliorate drug delivery attributes. Synthetic and natural polymers are broadly used in pharmaceutical vaginal formulations (solid, semi-solid dosage forms, implantable devices, and nanomedicines) with a promising perspective in improving stability and compatibility issues when administered topically or systemically. Moreover, the use of biopolymers is aiming towards formulating novel bioactive, biocompatible, and biodegradable DDSs with a controllable drug release rate. Overviewing vaginal microenvironment, which is described by variable and perplexed features, a perceptive choice of excipients is essential. This review summarizes the recent advances on the excipients used in modified vaginal drug delivery formulations, in an attempt to aid the formulation scientist in selecting the optimal excipients for the preparation of vaginal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dedeloudi
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Angeliki Siamidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Panagoula Pavlou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Cosmetic Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 28 Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece;
| | - Marilena Vlachou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107274674
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Zimmermann ES, Ferreira LM, Denardi LB, Sari MHM, Cervi VF, Nogueira CW, Alves SH, Cruz L. Mucoadhesive gellan gum hydrogel containing diphenyl diselenide-loaded nanocapsules presents improved anti-candida action in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106011. [PMID: 34537375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal action of a diphenyl diselenide-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules suspension (NC-1) and incorporate it into a gellan gum hydrogel formulation in order to assess its in vivo efficacy in an animal model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Nanocapsules suspensions containing the compound (NC-1 ∼ 5 mg/mL) or not (NC-B) were prepared by the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer method. To estimate in vitro antifungal effect, the broth microdilution test was applied. The results showed that NC-1 had equal or lower MIC values when compared to free compound against fifteen Candida strains. Following, the hydrogel was prepared by direct thickening of the nanocapsules suspension by gellan gum addition. The animal model of vulvovaginal candidiasis was induced by infecting female Swiss mice with Candida albicans strains. The animals were topically treated with 20 µL of hydrogels (NC-1 and free compound - 0.1 mg of diphenyl diselenide/once a day for seven days) and then the total fungal burden was assessed after the euthanasia. The results showed that the hydrogels presented pH in the acidic range, compound content close to theoretical value, homogeneous particle distribution with nanometric size, high physicochemical and microbiological stability as well as great bioadhesive property. The nano-based presented superior pharmacological action in comparison to the hydrogel containing non-encapsulated diphenyl diselenide. The results demonstrated that the nanoencapsulation maintained the effective antifungal action of diphenyl diselenide. The nano-based hydrogel formulation may be considered a promising approach against vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estevan Sonego Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Laura Bedin Denardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Verônica Ferrari Cervi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brasil
| | - Sydney Hartz Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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Clotrimazole-loaded N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium, O-palmitoyl chitosan nanoparticles for topical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:312-321. [PMID: 33639312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) represents a considerable health burden for women. Despite the availability of a significant array of antifungal drugs and topical products, the management of the infection is not always effective, and new approaches are needed. Here, we explored cationic N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium, O-palmitoyl chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers of clotrimazole (CLT) for the topical treatment of VVC. CLT-NPs with approximately 280 nm in diameter were obtained by self-assembly in water and subsequent stabilization by ionic crosslinking with tripolyphosphate. The nanosystem featured pH-independent sustained drug release up to 24 h, which affected both in vitro anti-Candida activity and cytotoxicity. The CLT-loaded nanostructured platform yielded favorable selectivity index values for a panel of standard strains and clinical isolates of Candida spp. and female genital tract cell lines (HEC-1-A, Ca Ski and HeLa), as compared to the free drug. CLT-NPs also improved in vitro drug permeability across HEC-1-A and Ca Ski cell monolayers, thus suggesting that the nanocarrier may provide higher mucosal tissue levels of the active compound. Overall, data support that CLT-NPs may be a valuable asset for the topical treatment of VVC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Topical azoles such as clotrimazole (CLT) are first line antifungal drugs for the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), but their action may be limited by issues such as toxicity and poor capacity to penetrate the genital mucosa. Herein, we report on the ability of a new cationic N-(2‑hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium, O-dipalmitoyl chitosan derivative (DPCat35) to yield tripolyphosphate-reinforced micelle-like nanostructures that are suitable carriers for CLT. In particular, these nanosystems were able to improve the in vitro selectivity index of the drug and to provide enhanced epithelial drug permeability when tested in cell monolayer models. These data support that CLT-loaded DPCat35 nanoparticles feature favorable properties for the development of new nanomedicines for the topical management of VVC.
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Jummaat F, Yahya EB, Khalil H.P.S. A, Adnan AS, Alqadhi AM, Abdullah CK, A.K. AS, Olaiya NG, Abdat M. The Role of Biopolymer-Based Materials in Obstetrics and Gynecology Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:633. [PMID: 33672526 PMCID: PMC7923797 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers have gained tremendous attention in many daily life applications, including medical applications, in the past few years. Obstetrics and gynecology are two fields dealing with sensitive parts of the woman's body and her newborn baby, which are normally associated with many issues such as toxicity, infections, and even gene alterations. Medical professions that use screening, examination, pre, and post-operation materials should benefit from a better understanding of each type of material's characteristics, health, and even environmental effects. The underlying principles of biopolymer-based materials for different obstetric and gynecologic applications may discover various advantages and benefits of using such materials. This review presents the health impact of conventional polymer-based materials on pregnant women's health and highlights the potential use of biopolymers as a safer option. The recent works on utilizing different biopolymer-based materials in obstetric and gynecologic are presented in this review, which includes suture materials in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries, cosmetic and personal care products, vaginal health, and drug delivery; as well as a wound dressing and healing materials. This review highlights the main issues and challenges of biopolymers in obstetric and gynecologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Jummaat
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - A. S. Adnan
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | | | - C. K. Abdullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - Atty Sofea A.K.
- Hospital Seberang Jaya, Jalan Tun Hussein Onn, Seberang Jaya, Permatang Pauh 13700, Malaysia;
| | - N. G. Olaiya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - Munifah Abdat
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
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Dermatopharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of a novel nanostructured formulation containing capsaicinoids for treating neuropathic pain. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120294. [PMID: 33497705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo skin penetration by dermal microdialysis and the pharmacological efficacy of a chitosan hydrogel containing capsaicinoids-loaded nanocapsules (CHNCCaps) was evaluated in this study. Such gel has previously been proven to control capsaicinoids release and decrease the drugs side effects in humans. The nanocapsules containing capsaicinoids had an average size around 150 nm, with a low polydispersity index, positive zeta potential, and high encapsulation efficiency of the drugs. The CHNCCaps showed intact nanocapsules, a slightly acid pH value, and a pseudoplastic behavior suitable for topical application. Microdialysis experiments showed a 1.6-fold increase in the concentration of capsaicinoids in the dermis (after 12 h of its application) when CHNCCaps was administered compared to a chitosan hydrogel containing capsaicinoids in hydroethanolic solution (CHETCaps) and the commercial cream. The CHNCCaps showed antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects from 6 h to 96 h after treatment initiation, whereas CHETCaps and the commercial cream showed antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects only at 48 h and 96 h after treatment initiation, respectively. CHNCCaps and the commercial cream maintained antihyperalgesic activity for 6 days after treatment interruption. For mechanical allodynia, the antinociceptive effect was maintained for 48 h after treatment interruption only with CHNCCaps. In conclusion, CHNCCaps is a promising formulation for treating peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Protective effect of gallic acid and gallic acid-loaded Eudragit-RS 100 nanoparticles on cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in rat kidney. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Grimling B, Karolewicz B, Nawrot U, Włodarczyk K, Górniak A. Physicochemical and Antifungal Properties of Clotrimazole in Combination with High-Molecular Weight Chitosan as a Multifunctional Excipient. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E591. [PMID: 33255899 PMCID: PMC7760713 DOI: 10.3390/md18120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosans represent a group of multifunctional drug excipients. Here, we aimed to estimate the impact of high-molecular weight chitosan on the physicochemical properties of clotrimazole-chitosan solid mixtures (CL-CH), prepared by grinding and kneading methods. We characterised these formulas by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffractometry, and performed in vitro clotrimazole dissolution tests. Additionally, we examined the antifungal activity of clotrimazole-chitosan mixtures against clinical Candida isolates under neutral and acid conditions. The synergistic effect of clotrimazole and chitosan S combinations was observed in tests carried out at pH 4 on Candida glabrata strains. The inhibition of C. glabrata growth reached at least 90%, regardless of the drug/excipient weight ratio, and even at half of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of clotrimazole. Our results demonstrate that clotrimazole and high-molecular weight chitosan could be an effective combination in a topical antifungal formulation, as chitosan acts synergistically with clotrimazole against non-albicans candida strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Grimling
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (U.N.); (K.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (U.N.); (K.W.)
| | - Agata Górniak
- Laboratory of Elemental Analysis and Structural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Swelling of biodegradable polymers for the production of nanocapsules and films with the incorporation of essential oils. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chaves PS, Dos Santos J, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Beck RCR. Sublingual tablets containing spray-dried carvedilol-loaded nanocapsules: development of an innovative nanomedicine. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1053-1062. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1785498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J. Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A. R. Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S. S. Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R. C. R. Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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The use of nanoparticles as alternative therapeutic agents against Candida infections: an up-to-date overview and future perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:163. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Krieser K, Emanuelli J, Daudt RM, Bilatto S, Willig JB, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Buffon A, Correa DS, Külkamp-Guerreiro IC. Taste-masked nanoparticles containing Saquinavir for pediatric oral administration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111315. [PMID: 32919675 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research has aimed to improve the stability and taste-masking properties by developing nanostructured dosage forms containing Saquinavir. Liquid formulations were developed using Eudragit RS100® and Pullulan as polymers. The physicochemical characteristics, stability, in vitro drug release, morphology, mucoadhesion and taste masking capacity were evaluated. The Saquinavir-nanoparticles had average diameters between 136 and 158 nm, with a Span below 1.4. These formulations presented a drug content above 80%, a high encapsulation efficiency (>97%), slightly acidic pH levels, low dynamic viscosity and controlled drug release. Electron microscopy revealed irregular spherical nanoparticles. The formulations prepared with higher amounts of Eudragit RS100® had greater mucoadhesion. Both polymers were able to improve drug stabilization, taste-masking properties and protection against drug cytotoxicity. The Saquinavir-nanoparticles exhibited stability and control releasing properties, thus making it a promising liquid dosage form with taste-masking properties intended for application in pediatric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Krieser
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Moschini Daudt
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, UFRGS, Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Porto Alegre, RS 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Stanley Bilatto
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Biz Willig
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.; Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UFRGS, CP15003, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Souza Correa
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil..
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Araujo VHS, Duarte JL, Carvalho GC, Silvestre ALP, Fonseca-Santos B, Marena GD, Ribeiro TDC, Dos Santos Ramos MA, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Nanosystems against candidiasis: a review of studies performed over the last two decades. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:508-547. [PMID: 32795108 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1803208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The crescent number of cases of candidiasis and the increase in the number of infections developed by non-albicans species and by multi-resistant strains has taken the attention of the scientific community, which has been searching for new therapeutic alternatives. Among the alternatives found the use of nanosystems for delivery of drugs already commercialized and new biomolecules have grown, in order to increase stability, solubility, optimize efficiency and reduce adverse effects. In view of the growing number of studies involving technological alternatives for the treatment of candidiasis, the present review came with the intention of gathering studies from the last two decades that used nanotechnology for the treatment of candidiasis, as well as analysing them critically and pointing out the future perspectives for their application with this purpose. Different studies were considered for the development of this review, addressing nanosystems such as metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsion, microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipidic nanocapsules and liquid crystals; and different clinical presentations of candidiasis. As a general overview, nanotechnology has proven to be an important ally for the treatment against the diversity of candidiasis found in the clinic, whether in increasing the effectiveness of commercialized drugs and reducing their adverse effects, as well as allowing exploring more effectively properties therapeutics of new biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Sousa Araujo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Davi Marena
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais de Cassia Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Aparecido Dos Santos Ramos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Photodegradation assessment of amisulpride, doxepin, haloperidol, risperidone, venlafaxine, and zopiclone in bulk drug and in the presence of excipients. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photostability of amisulpride, doxepin, haloperidol, risperidone, venlafaxine, and zopiclone in APIs and powdered tablets during exposure to UVA irradiation was studied. In order to evaluate the photodegradation process an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. It was found that the photodegradation of the studied compounds depends on the type of drug and co-existing excipients. Different percentage of photodegradation of the studied drugs was observed, and therefore amisulpride decomposed at 2.63% in bulk drug and at 5.74% in pharmaceutical preparation, doxepin: 29% and 72.38%, haloperidol: 3.71% and 26.20%, risperidone: 7.13% and 12.86%, venlafaxine: 38.59% and 4.22%, zopiclone: 18.62% and 31.42% respectively, after 114 days of UVA irradiation. In addition, kinetic evaluation of the photodegradation process was performed by determining the order of reaction, reaction rate constant k and time t0.1 and t0.5. The photodegradation products of studied drugs were identified, and their fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. The photostability testing is an integral part of the drug stability assessment to ensure quality, efficacy and safety of the formulated products during manufacturing process, storage as well as normal use.
Graphic abstract
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Ayres Cacciatore F, Dalmás M, Maders C, Ataíde Isaía H, Brandelli A, da Silva Malheiros P. Carvacrol encapsulation into nanostructures: Characterization and antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens adhered to stainless steel. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109143. [PMID: 32466924 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol is a natural antimicrobial capable of inhibiting several microorganisms. The encapsulation of this compound may increase its stability, water solubility and provide controlled release. In this study, carvacrol encapsulated into nanoliposomes (NLC) and polymeric Eudragit® nanocapsules (NCC) was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. adhered to stainless steel. NLC showed an average diameter of 270.8 nm, zeta potential of +8.64 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 98%. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of NLC was 3.53 mg/mL against Salmonella and 5.30 mg/mL against the other bacteria. NCC presented an average diameter of 159.3 nm, zeta potential of +44.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 97%. MBC of NCC was 4.42 mg/mL against E. coli and 3.31 mg/mL against the other bacteria. After 2 h incubation with NCC at carvacrol concentration equivalent to ½ MBC, viable counts of Salmonella and E. coli were below the detection limit (1.69 CFU/mL). The population of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus was reduced by 2 log CFU/mL in 6 h. Afterwards, pools of each bacterium were separately adhered to stainless steel coupons (initial population 6.5 CFU/cm2). Salmonella and E. coli were inhibited below the detection limit using the NCC at concentration equivalent to MBC, while L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were reduced by 4 log CFU/cm2 and 3.5 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Although free carvacrol presented better results than encapsulated one in all tests performed, using encapsulated carvacrol could be more interesting for food applications by masking the strong aroma of the compound, in addition to a controlled release of carvacrol. The results suggest that NCC have potential for use in food contact surfaces in order to avoid bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Ayres Cacciatore
- Laboratório de Higiene de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michelle Dalmás
- Laboratório de Higiene de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maders
- Laboratório de Higiene de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ataíde Isaía
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia da Silva Malheiros
- Laboratório de Higiene de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Bolla PK, Meraz CA, Rodriguez VA, Deaguero I, Singh M, Yellepeddi VK, Renukuntla J. Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173139. [PMID: 31470517 PMCID: PMC6749186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global incidence of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes is high and affects around 40 million people. It is the fourth most common cause of infection. Clotrimazole, a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent is widely used to treat fungal infections. Conventional topical formulations of clotrimazole are intended to treat infections by effective penetration of drugs into the stratum corneum. However, drawbacks such as poor dermal bioavailability, poor penetration, and variable drug levels limit the efficiency. The present study aims to load clotrimazole into ufosomes and evaluate its topical bioavailability. Clotrimazole loaded ufosomes were prepared using cholesterol and sodium oleate by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency to obtain optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Skin diffusion studies and tape-stripping were performed using human skin to determine the amount of clotrimazole accumulated in different layers of the skin. Results showed that the optimized formulation had vesicle size <250 nm with ~84% entrapment efficiency. XRD and DSC confirmed the entrapment of clotrimazole into ufosomes. No permeation was observed through the skin up to 24 h following the permeation studies. Tape-stripping revealed that ufosomes led to accumulation of more clotrimazole in the skin compared to marketed formulation (Perrigo). Overall, results revealed the capability of ufosomes in improving the skin bioavailability of clotrimazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Carlos A Meraz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Victor A Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Isaac Deaguero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Mahima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jwala Renukuntla
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27240, USA.
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Rosa P, Friedrich ML, Dos Santos J, Librelotto DRN, Maurer LH, Emanuelli T, da Silva CDB, Adams AIH. Desonide nanoencapsulation with açai oil as oil core: Physicochemical characterization, photostability study and in vitro phototoxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111606. [PMID: 31522112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop Eudragit® RL 100 nanocapsules loaded with desonide (DES) using açai oil (AO) or medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as oil core. Pre-formulation study showed that AO and MCT are suitable for nanocapsules preparation. The nanocapsules prepared with AO and MCT presented mean particle size around 165 and 131 nm, respectively; polydispersity index values <0.20, positive zeta potential values, drug content close to the theoretical value (0.25 mg mL-1), and DES encapsulation efficiency around 81%, regardless of the oil core (AO or MCT). Considering the photoinstability reported to DES, photodegradation studies were performed. The UV-A (365 nm) and UV-C (254 nm) photodegradation studies revealed less DES degradation when associated to the nanocapsules containing AO in comparison to those with MCT. The in vitro release study showed a biphasic release profile for both nanocapsule suspensions: an initial burst effect followed by a prolonged DES release. In addition, the formulations were considered non-phototoxic at 0.5 mg mL-1 when tested on 3 T3 murine fibroblasts and HaCaT human keratinocytes using the MTT and NRU viability assays. The irritant potential of the prepared nanocapsules and DES in free form were evaluated by HET-CAM method. All formulations were classified as slightly irritant, including the non-associate DES. In conclusion, the nanocapsule formulations developed in this study may be promising for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mariane Lago Friedrich
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Bona da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Andréa Inês Horn Adams
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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26
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Ramos PT, Pedra NS, Soares MSP, da Silveira EF, Oliveira PS, Grecco FB, da Silva LMC, Ferreira LM, Ribas DA, Gehrcke M, Felix AOC, Stefanello FM, Spanevello RM, Cruz L, Braganhol E. Ketoprofen-loaded rose hip oil nanocapsules attenuate chronic inflammatory response in a pre-clinical trial in mice. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109742. [PMID: 31349429 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop nanocapsules containing ketoprofen using rose hip oil (Keto-NC) as oil core, and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic ear edema models in mice. Physicochemical characterization, drug release, photostability and cytotoxicity assays were performed for the developed Keto-NC formulations and compared to ketoprofen-loaded nanocapsules using medium chain triglycerides as oil core (Keto-MCT-NC). Anti-inflammatory activity of orally delivered KP (Ketoprofen-free; 10 mg.kg-1) or Keto-NC (2.5; 5; 10 mg.kg-1) was assessed in mouse acute and chronic ear edema induced by croton oil (CO). Edema histological characteristics were determined by H&E stain, and redox parameters were analyzed in blood plasma and erythrocytes. Keto-MCT-NC and Keto-NC did not exhibit differences regarding physicochemical parameters, including size diameters, polydispersity index, pH, Ketoprofen content, and encapsulation efficiency. However, Keto-NC, which contains rose hip oil as lipid core, decreased drug photodegradation under UVC radiation when compared to Keto-MCT-NC. KP or Keto-NC were not cytotoxic to keratinocyte cultures and produced equal edema inhibition in the acute protocol. Conversely, in the chronic protocol, Keto-NC was more effective in reducing edema (~60-70% on 7-9th days of treatment) when compared to KP (~40% on 8-9th days of treatment). This result was confirmed by histological analysis, which indicated reduction of edema and inflammatory infiltrate. A sub-therapeutic dose of Keto-NC (5 mg.kg-1) significantly reduced edema when compared to control. Finally, KP and Keto-NC exhibited similar effects on redox parameters, suggesting that the advantages associated with Ketoprofen nanoencapsulation did not involve oxidative stress pathways. The results showed that Keto-NC was more efficient than KP in reducing chronic inflammation. These data may be important for the development of strategies aiming treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - N S Pedra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M S P Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E F da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - P S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F B Grecco
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - L M C da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - L M Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D A Ribas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M Gehrcke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A O C Felix
- Biotério Central, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F M Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - R M Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - L Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - E Braganhol
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Qais FA, Khan MSA, Ahmad I, Althubiani AS. Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666181015145224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the
nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the
management of Candida infections.
Discussion:
In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including
candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of
available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical
strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development
of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity.
Conclusion:
Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and
could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic
interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with
enhanced antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP-202002, India
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences (Biology Unit), Health Track, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam-31451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP-202002, India
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Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets loaded with chitosan and silver nanoparticles effective antifungal activities: in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:486-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mattiazzi J, Sari MHM, Lautenchleger R, Dal Prá M, Braganhol E, Cruz L. Incorporation of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane into Nanocapsules Improves Its Photostability, Radical Scavenging Capacity, and Cytotoxicity Against Glioma Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:49. [PMID: 30617655 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a phytochemical that presents health benefits (antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects). However, it is water insoluble and thermo- and photolabile, restraining its pharmaceutical applications. As a strategy to overcome such limitations, this study aimed the development and characterization of DIM-loaded nanocapsules (NCs) prepared with different compositions as well as the in vitro assessment of scavenging activity and cytotoxicity. The formulations were obtained using the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer method and were composed by Eudragit® RS100 or ethylcellulose as polymeric wall and primula or apricot oil as the core. All the formulations had adequate physicochemical characteristics: nanometric size (around 190 nm), low polydispersity index (< 0.2), pH value at acid range, high values of zeta potential, drug content, and encapsulation efficiency (~ 100%). Besides, nanoencapsulation protected DIM against UVC-induced degradation and increased the scavenging activity assessed by the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl methods. The developed DIM-loaded nanocapsules were further evaluated regarding the in vitro release profile and cytotoxicity against a human glioblastoma cell line (U87 cells). The results demonstrated that the nanoencapsulation promoted a sustained release of the bioactive compound (in the range of 58-78% after 84 h) in comparison to its free form (86% after 12 h), as well as provided a superior cytotoxic effect against the U87 cells in the highest concentrations. Therefore, our results suggest that nanoencapsulation could be a promising approach to overcome the DIM physicochemical limitations and potentialize its biological properties.
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Rochín-Wong S, Rosas-Durazo A, Zavala-Rivera P, Maldonado A, Martínez-Barbosa ME, Vélaz I, Tánori J. Drug Release Properties of Diflunisal from Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembled κ-Carrageenan/Chitosan Nanocapsules: Effect of Deposited Layers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E760. [PMID: 30960685 PMCID: PMC6403737 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering of multifunctional drug nanocarriers combining stability and good release properties remains a great challenge. In this work, natural polymers κ-carrageenan (κ-CAR) and chitosan (CS) were deposited onto olive oil nanoemulsion droplets (NE) via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly to study the release mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory diflunisal (DF) as a lipophilic drug model. The nano-systems were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ζ-potential) measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the NE-coating with polymer layers. In addition, kinetic release studies of DF were developed by the dialysis diffusion bag technique. Mathematical models were applied to investigate the release mechanisms. The results showed that stable and suitably sized nanocapsules (~300 nm) were formed. Also, the consecutive adsorption of polyelectrolytes by charge reversal was evidenced. More interestingly, the drug release mechanism varied depending on the number of layers deposited. The nanosized systems containing up to two layers showed anomalous transport and first order kinetics. Formulations with three and four layers exhibited Case II transport releasing diflunisal with zero order kinetics. Hence, our results suggest that these polyelectrolyte nanocapsules have great potential as a multifunctional nanocarrier for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Rochín-Wong
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Aarón Rosas-Durazo
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., 83210 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Paul Zavala-Rivera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Amir Maldonado
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - María Elisa Martínez-Barbosa
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Itziar Vélaz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Judith Tánori
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
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Sallam MA, Elzoghby AO. Flutamide-Loaded Zein Nanocapsule Hydrogel, a Promising Dermal Delivery System for Pilosebaceous Unit Disorders. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2370-2382. [PMID: 29882189 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zein is a naturally occurring corn protein having similarity to skin keratin. Owing to its hydrophobicity and biodegradability, zein nanocarriers are promising drug delivery vehicles for hydrophobic dermatological drugs. In this study, zein-based nanocapsules (ZNCs) were exploited for the first time as dermal delivery carriers for flutamide (FLT), an antiandrogen used for the management of pilosebasceous unit disorders. FLT-loaded ZNC of appropriate particle size and negative surface charge were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The dermal permeation and skin retention of FLT from ZNCs were studied in comparison to corresponding nanoemulsion (NE) and hydroalcoholic drug solution (HA). ZNCs showed a significantly lower permeation flux compared to NE and HA while increasing the skin retention of FLT. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrated the follicular localization of the fluorescently labeled NCs. The incorporation of NCs in chitosan gel or Carbomer® 934 gel was studied. Carbomer® gel increased the skin retention of FLT compared to chitosan gel. Accordingly, Carbomer® hydrogel embedding FLT-loaded ZNCs is a promising inexpensive, biocompatible dermal delivery nanocarrier for localized therapy of PSU disorders suitable for application on oily skin.
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Approaches in Polymeric Nanoparticles for Vaginal Drug Delivery: A Review of the State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061549. [PMID: 29882846 PMCID: PMC6032388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagina is a region of administration with a high contact surface to obtain local or systemic effects. This anatomical area represents special interest for government health systems for different sexually transmitted infections. However, the chemical changes of the vagina, as well as its abundant mucus in continuous exchange, act as a barrier and a challenge for the development of new drugs. For these purposes, the development of new pharmaceutical forms based on nanoparticles has been shown to offer various advantages, such as bioadhesion, easy penetration of the mucosa, and controlled release, in addition to decreasing the adverse effects of conventional pharmaceutical forms. In order to obtain nanoparticles for vaginal administration, the use of polymers of natural and synthetic origin including biodegradable and non-biodegradable systems have gained great interest both in nanospheres and in nanocapsules. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the development of nanotechnology for vaginal drug release, analyzing the different compositions of polymeric nanoparticles, and emphasizing new trends in each of the sections presented. At the end of this review, a section analyzes the properties of the vehicles employed for the administration of nanoparticles and discusses how to take advantage of the properties that they offer. This review aims to be a reference guide for new formulators interested in the vaginal route.
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Chaves PDS, Frank LA, Frank AG, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Beck RCR. Mucoadhesive Properties of Eudragit®RS100, Eudragit®S100, and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules: Influence of the Vehicle and the Mucosal Surface. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1637-1646. [PMID: 29500762 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of polymers as mucoadhesive materials has been explored in several drug delivery systems. It is well known that the resulting mucoadhesiveness not only depends on the polymers by themselves, but also on the way they are delivered and on the application target. However, little attention has been given to the combined effect of such characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the mucoadhesion resulting from combined effects of nanocapsules produced with polymers of different ionic properties, Eudragit®RS100, Eudragit®S100, or poly(ε-caprolactone), when they are incorporated into different vehicles (suspension, hydrogel, and powder) and applied on different mucosal surfaces (mucin, porcine vaginal, and buccal mucosa). Mucoadhesion was measured by a tensile stress tester. Our findings show that polymeric self-assembling as nanocapsules improved the mucoadhesion of the polymers. Eudragit®RS100 nanocapsules have the best performance, independently of the vehicle and surface used. Regarding the vehicle, hydrogels showed higher adhesion when compared to suspensions and powders. When considering different types of surfaces, mucin presented a similar pattern like the animal mucosa, but it overestimated the mucoadhesiveness of all formulations. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the best strategy to achieve high mucoadhesive formulations is by incorporating Eudragit®RS100 nanocapsules in hydrogels. Moreover, mucin is a suitable substrate to compare and screen different formulations but not as a conclusive estimation of the mucoadhesion values that can be achieved. These results are summarized in a decision tree that can help to understand different strategies of combination of these factors and the expected outcomes.
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Production and Characterization of a Clotrimazole Liposphere Gel for Candidiasis Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020160. [PMID: 30966196 PMCID: PMC6414984 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the design and characterization of a liposphere gel containing clotrimazole for the treatment of Candida albicans. Lipospheres were produced by the melt-dispersion technique, using a lipid phase constituted of stearic triglyceride in a mixture with caprylic/capric triglyceride or an alkyl lactate derivative. The latter component was added to improve the action of clotrimazole against candida. The liposphere morphology and dimensional distribution were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Clotrimazole release kinetics was investigated by an in vitro dialysis method. An anticandidal activity study was conducted on the lipospheres. To obtain formulations with suitable viscosity for vaginal application, the lipospheres were added to a xanthan gum gel. The rheological properties, spreadability, leakage, and adhesion of the liposphere gel were investigated. Clotrimazole encapsulation was always over 85% w/w. The anticandidal study demonstrated that the encapsulation of clotrimazole in lipospheres increased its activity against Candida albicans, especially in the presence of the alkyl lactate derivative in the liposphere matrix. A dialysis method demonstrated that clotrimazole was slowly released from the liposphere gel and that the alkyl lactate derivative further controlled clotrimazole release. Adhesion and leakage tests indicated a prolonged adhesion of the liposphere gel, suggesting its suitability for vaginal application.
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Gomes GS, Maciel TR, Piegas EM, Michels LR, Colomé LM, Freddo RJ, Ávila DSD, Gundel A, Haas SE. Optimization of Curcuma Oil/Quinine-Loaded Nanocapsules for Malaria Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:551-564. [PMID: 28875471 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinine, a treatment used in chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, was loaded into poly(ɛ-caprolactone) or Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules using Curcuma oil as the oil-based core. Until now, the effect of cationic nanocapsules on malaria has not been reported. A 24 factorial design was adopted using, as independent variables, the concentration of Curcuma oil, presence of quinine, type of polymer, and aqueous surfactant. Diameter, zeta potential, and pH were the responses studied. The formulations were also evaluated for drug content, encapsulation efficiency, photostability, and antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The type of polymer influenced all of the responses studied. Quinine-loaded Eudragit® RS100 (F13) and PCL nanocapsules (F9), both with polysorbate 80 coating, showed nanometric particle size, positive zeta potential, neutral pH, high drug content, and quinine photoprotection ability; thus, these nanocapsules were selected for in vivo tests. Both formulations showed lower levels of parasitemia from the beginning of the experiment (5.78 ± 3.60 and 4.76 ± 3.46% for F9 and F13, respectively) and highest survival mean time (15.3 ± 2.0 and 14.9 ± 5.6 days for F9 and F13, respectively). F9 and F13 showed significant survival curve compared to saline, thus demonstrating that nanoencapsulation improved bioefficacy of QN and co-encapsulated curcuminoids, regardless of the surface charge.
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Jug M, Hafner A, Lovrić J, Kregar ML, Pepić I, Vanić Ž, Cetina-Čižmek B, Filipović-Grčić J. An overview of in vitro dissolution/release methods for novel mucosal drug delivery systems. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:350-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gehrcke M, Sari MHM, Ferreira LM, Barbieri AV, Giuliani LM, Prado VC, Nadal JM, Farago PV, Nogueira CW, Cruz L. Nanocapsules improve indole-3-carbinol photostability and prolong its antinociceptive action in acute pain animal models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 111:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Khatoon M, Shah KU, Din FU, Shah SU, Rehman AU, Dilawar N, Khan AN. Proniosomes derived niosomes: recent advancements in drug delivery and targeting. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:56-69. [PMID: 29130758 PMCID: PMC8812579 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1384520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular drug delivery systems have gained wide attention in the field of nanotechnology. Among them proniosomes become the superior over other vesicular carriers. Proniosomes are dry formulations of water soluble nonionic surfactant coated carrier system which immediately forms niosomes upon hydration. They have the capability to overcome the instability problems associated with niosomes and liposomes and have the potential to improve solubility, bioavailability, and absorption of various drugs. Furthermore, they offer versatile drug delivery concept for enormous number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They have the potential to deliver drugs effectively through different routes at specific site of action to achieve controlled release action and reduce toxic effects associated with drugs. This review discusses the general preparation techniques of proniosomes and mainly focus on the applications of proniosomes in drug delivery and targeting. Moreover, this review demonstrates critical appraisal of the literature for proniosomes. Additionally, this review extensively explains the potential of proniosomes in delivering drugs via different routes, such as oral, parenteral, dermal and transdermal, ocular, oral mucosal, vaginal, pulmonary, and intranasal. Finally, the comparison of proniosomes with niosomes manifests the clear distinction between them. Moreover, proniosomes need to be explored for proteins and peptide delivery and in the field of nutraceuticals and develop pilot plant scale up studies to investigate them in industrial set up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khatoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naz Dilawar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Nawaz Khan
- School of Chemical and materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Novel Pemulen/Pullulan blended hydrogel containing clotrimazole-loaded cationic nanocapsules: Evaluation of mucoadhesion and vaginal permeation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Pegoraro NS, Mattiazzi J, da Silveira EF, Azambuja JH, Braganhol E, Cruz L. Improved photostability and cytotoxic effect of coenzyme Q10 by its association with vitamin E acetate in polymeric nanocapsules. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:400-406. [PMID: 28521578 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1332641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study showed the development of nanocapsules containing the association of the coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E acetate and the evaluation of their effect on in vitro cells culture of malignant glioma and melanoma. In order to investigate if nanocapsules are able to protect coenzyme Q10 from degradation under UVC radiation, a photostability study was carried out. For this, three concentrations of vitamin E acetate were evaluated (1%, 2%, or 3%). Nanocapsules presented suitable physicochemical characteristics and were able to protect coenzyme Q10 from photodegradation. In addition, this protection was influenced by higher vitamin E acetate concentrations, attributing to this oil an important role on coenzyme Q10 photostabilization. Regarding to in vitro citotoxicity assay, nanocapsules containing coenzyme Q10 and 2% vitamin E significantly reduced glioma and melanoma cell viability in 61% and 66%, respectively. In this sense, these formulations represent interesting platforms for the delivery of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E acetate, presenting effect on the reduction of malignant cells viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natháli S Pegoraro
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil
| | - Juliane Mattiazzi
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil
| | - Elita F da Silveira
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brasil
| | - Juliana H Azambuja
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brasil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brasil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil.,d Departamento de Farmácia Industrial , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil
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41
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Dalcin AJF, Santos CG, Gündel SS, Roggia I, Raffin RP, Ourique AF, Santos RCV, Gomes P. Anti biofilm effect of dihydromyricetin-loaded nanocapsules on urinary catheter infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:282-291. [PMID: 28544960 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections associated with biofilm formation on urinary catheters are among the leading causes of complications due to biofilm characteristics and high antimicrobial resistance. An interesting alternative are natural products, such as Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a flavonoid which presents several pharmacological properties, including strong antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. However, DMY, has low aqueous solubility and consequently low bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation can contribute to the improvement of characteristics of some drugs, by increasing the apparent solubility and sustained release has been reported among other advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the feasibility of DMY nanoencapsulation, and to look at its influence on nanoencapsulation of DMY as well as verify its influence on antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity on urinary catheters infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The physicochemical characterization showed an average diameter less than 170nm, low polydispersity index, positive zeta potential (between +11 and +14mV), slightly acidic pH. The values of the stability study results showed that the best condition for suspension storage without losing physical and chemical characteristics was under refrigeration (4±2°C). The antibiofilm activity of the formulations resulted in the eradication of biofilms both in free DMY formulations and in nanocapsules of DMY during those periods. However, within 96h the results of the inhibition of biofilm by DMY nanocapsules were more effective compared with free DMY. Thus, the nanocapsule formulation containing DMY can potentially be used as an innovative approach to urinary catheter biofilm treatment or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J F Dalcin
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - C G Santos
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - S S Gündel
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - I Roggia
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - R P Raffin
- Post Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A F Ourique
- Post Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - R C V Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Laboratory of Oral Microbiology Research, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - P Gomes
- Post Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Frank LA, Chaves PS, D'Amore CM, Contri RV, Frank AG, Beck RCR, Pohlmann AR, Buffon A, Guterres SS. The use of chitosan as cationic coating or gel vehicle for polymeric nanocapsules: Increasing penetration and adhesion of imiquimod in vaginal tissue. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:202-212. [PMID: 28161547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is strongly related to cervical cancer, can be reduced by the topical application of imiquimod. Some strategies have been used to increase the adhesion and penetration of drugs through the vaginal mucosa. Two of them are the development of mucoadhesive semisolid formulations and the development of polymeric nanocarriers. In this paper, we hypothesize that the combined use of these two strategies results in a better performance of the formulation to retain imiquimod into the vaginal tissue. Aiming this, two different systems are proposed: (a) chitosan-coated poly(ε-caprolactone)-nanocapsules incorporated into hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC-NCimiq-chit), and (b) poly(ε-caprolactone)-nanocapsules incorporated into chitosan hydrogel (CHIT-NCimiq). These formulations were submitted to three main tests: mucoadhesivity by interaction, permeation and washability test (or retention test). We developed an integrative index that allows comparing the global performance of the proposed formulations by considering jointly the results of these three tests. Thus, when considered the integrative indexes for the formulations, our results show that CHIT-NCimiq presents the best performance for the treatment of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza A Frank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paula S Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camilo M D'Amore
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata V Contri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alejandro G Frank
- Departamento de Engenharia de Produção e Transportes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ruy C R Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreia Buffon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Gehrcke M, Giuliani LM, Ferreira LM, Barbieri AV, Sari MHM, da Silveira EF, Azambuja JH, Nogueira CW, Braganhol E, Cruz L. Enhanced photostability, radical scavenging and antitumor activity of indole-3-carbinol-loaded rose hip oil nanocapsules. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 74:279-286. [PMID: 28254296 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules loaded with indole-3-cabinol (I3C) using rose hip oil (RHO) or medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as oil core. In vitro radical scavenging activity (DPPH method), hemolysis, and antitumor effects on breast (MCF-7) and glioma (C6) cells were conducted. Preformulation evaluations revealed that RHO is suitable to prepare the nanocapsules considering the log P determination and dissolution/swelling experiments of polymer films. The nanocapsules were prepared and presented adequate physicochemical characteristics as mean size around 250nm, polydispersity index values <0.2, zeta potential negative values and I3C encapsulation efficiency around 42%, without any influence of the oil core (RHO or MCT) on these parameters. However, the photodegradation study demonstrated that RHO nanocapsules showed less degree of I3C degradation in comparison to MCT nanocapsules. The in vitro release profile showed that both nanocapsule suspensions demonstrated an initial burst effect followed by a prolonged I3C release. In addition, the formulations were considered hemocompatibles at 10μg/mL and showed an enhanced radical scavenging activity in comparison to free I3C. Moreover, nanocapsules prepared with RHO increased about two times the antitumor effect of I3C on MCF-7 and C6 cells without significant reduction of astrocyte cell viability. In conclusion, nanocapsule formulations developed in this study might be considered promising for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailine Gehrcke
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Minussi Giuliani
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Allanna Valentini Barbieri
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elita Ferreira da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hofstatter Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Voltan AR, Quindós G, Alarcón KPM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Chorilli M. Fungal diseases: could nanostructured drug delivery systems be a novel paradigm for therapy? Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3715-30. [PMID: 27540288 PMCID: PMC4982498 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive mycoses are a major problem for immunocompromised individuals and patients in intensive care units. Morbidity and mortality rates of these infections are high because of late diagnosis and delayed treatment. Moreover, the number of available antifungal agents is low, and there are problems with toxicity and resistance. Alternatives for treating invasive fungal infections are necessary. Nanostructured systems could be excellent carriers for antifungal drugs, reducing toxicity and targeting their action. The use of nanostructured systems for antifungal therapy began in the 1990s, with the appearance of lipid formulations of amphotericin B. This review encompasses different antifungal drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, carriers based on solid lipids and nanostructure lipids, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and others. All these delivery systems have advantages and disadvantages. Main advantages are the improvement in the antifungal properties, such as bioavailability, reduction in toxicity, and target tissue, which facilitates innovative therapeutic techniques. Conversely, a major disadvantage is the high cost of production. In the near future, the use of nanosystems for drug delivery strategies can be used for delivering peptides, including mucoadhesive systems for the treatment of oral and vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Raquel Voltan
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology Department, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kaila P Medina Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro RF, Motta MH, Härter APG, Flores FC, Beck RCR, Schaffazick SR, de Bona da Silva C. Spray-dried powders improve the controlled release of antifungal tioconazole-loaded polymeric nanocapsules compared to with lyophilized products. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:875-884. [PMID: 26652443 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain solid formulations from polymeric nanocapsules and nanoemulsions containing tioconazole, a broad spectrum antifungal drug. Two dehydration methods were used: spray-drying and freeze drying, using lactose as adjuvant (10%, w/v). The liquid formulations had a mean particle size around 206 nm and 182 nm for nanocapsules and nanoemulsions, respectively, and an adequate polydispersity index. Tioconazole content was close to the theoretical amount (1.0 mg/mL). After drying, the content ranged between 98 and 102%with a mean nanometric size of the dried products after redispersion. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particles are rounded, sphere-shaped for the dried products obtained by spray-drying, and shapeless and irregular shapes for those obtained by freeze-drying. In the microbiological evaluation, all dried products remained active against the yeast Candida albicans when compared to the original systems. The dried products obtained by spray-drying from nanocapsules presented better control of the tioconazole release when compared to the freeze-drying products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane Fagundes Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Heldt Motta
- Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Andréia Pisching Garcia Härter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cramer Flores
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Scheila Rezende Schaffazick
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Bona da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J. New strategies for local treatment of vaginal infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:105-22. [PMID: 26144995 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal infections are extremely prevalent, particularly among women of reproductive age. Although they do not result in high mortality rates, these infections are associated with high levels of anxiety and reduction of quality of life. In most cases, topical treatment of vaginal infections has been shown to be at least as effective as oral treatment, resulting in higher local drug concentrations, with fewer drug interactions and adverse effects. Furthermore, the emergence of microbial resistance to chemotherapeutics and the difficulties in managing infection recurrences sustain the need for more effective local treatments. However, conventional dosage forms have been associated with low retention in the vagina and discomfort. Formulation strategies such as the development of bioadhesive, thermogelling systems and microtechnological or nanotechnological approaches have been proposed to improve delivery of traditional drugs, and other treatment modalities such as new drugs, plant extracts, and probiotics are being studied. This article reviews the recent strategies studied to improve the treatment and prevention of the commonest vaginal infections-namely, vaginal bacteriosis, aerobic vaginitis, vulvovaginal candidosis, and trichomoniasis-through the intravaginal route.
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das Neves J, Nunes R, Machado A, Sarmento B. Polymer-based nanocarriers for vaginal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:53-70. [PMID: 25550217 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The vaginal delivery of various drugs is well described and its relevance established in current medical practice. Alongside recent advances and achievements in the fields of pharmaceutical nanotechnology and nanomedicine, there is an increasing interest in the potential use of different nanocarriers for the delivery of old and new pharmacologically active molecules with either therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. Nanosystems of polymeric nature in particular have been investigated over the last years and their interactions with mucosal fluids and tissues, as well as genital tract biodistribution upon vaginal administration, are now better understood. While different applications have been envisioned, most of the current research is focusing in the development of nano-formulations with the potential to inhibit the vaginal transmission of HIV upon sexual intercourse. The present work focuses its discussion on the potential and perils of polymer-based nanocarriers for the vaginal administration of different pharmacologically active molecules.
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48
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Liposomes for systematic delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride to decrease nephrotoxicity: Characterization and evaluation. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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49
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Hani U, Krishna G, Shivakumar HG. Design and optimization of clotrimazole–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin bioadhesive vaginal tablets using Anacardium occidentale gum by 32 factorial design. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04305k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clotrimazole (CTZ), a BCS class II drug, is widely employed in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysore 570 015
- India
| | - Gokul Krishna
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore 570 020
- India
| | - H. G. Shivakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysore 570 015
- India
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50
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Savian AL, Rodrigues D, Weber J, Ribeiro RF, Motta MH, Schaffazick SR, Adams AIH, de Andrade DF, Beck RCR, da Silva CB. Dithranol-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules improve the photostability and reduce the in vitro irritation potential of this drug. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:69-76. [PMID: 25491961 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dithranol is a very effective drug for the topical treatment of psoriasis. However, it has some adverse effects such as irritation and stain in the skin that make its application and patient adherence to treatment difficult. The aims of this work were to prepare and characterize dithranol-loaded nanocapsules as well as to evaluate the photostability and the irritation potential of these nanocarriers. Lipid-core nanocapsules containing dithranol (0.5 mg/mL) were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer. EDTA (0.05%) or ascorbic acid (0.02%) was used as antioxidants. After preparation, dithranol-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules showed satisfactory characteristics: drug content close to the theoretical concentration, encapsulation efficiency of about 100%, nanometric mean size (230-250 nm), polydispersity index below 0.25, negative zeta potential, and pH values from 4.3 to 5.6. In the photodegradation study against UVA light, we observed a higher stability of the dithranol-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules comparing to the solution containing the free drug (half-life times around 4 and 1h for the dithranol-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules and free drug solution containing EDTA, respectively; half-life times around 17 and 7h for the dithranol-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules and free drug solution containing ascorbic acid, respectively). Irritation test by HET-CAM method was conducted to evaluate the safety of the formulations. From the results it was found that the nanoencapsulation of the drug decreased its toxicity compared to the effects observed for the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Savian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Daiane Rodrigues
- Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Weber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roseane F Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana H Motta
- Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Scheila R Schaffazick
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa I H Adams
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Diego F de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ruy C R Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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