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Sass JO, Henke P, Mitrovic A, Weinmann M, Kluess D, Johannsen J, Sellin ML, Lembke U, Reimer D, Lork C, Jonitz-Heincke A, Bader R. Multifunctional Hybrid Material for Endoprosthetic Implants Based on Alumina-Toughened Zirconia Ceramics and Additively Manufactured TiNbTa Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1838. [PMID: 38673194 PMCID: PMC11051168 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Aseptic implant loosening after a total joint replacement is partially influenced by material-specific factors when cobalt-chromium alloys are used, including osteolysis induced by wear and corrosion products and stress shielding. Here, we aim to characterize a hybrid material consisting of alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) ceramics and additively manufactured Ti-35Nb-6Ta (TiNbTa) alloys, which are joined by a glass solder. The structure of the joint, the static and fatigue shear strength, the influence of accelerated aging, and the cytotoxicity with human osteoblasts are characterized. Furthermore, the biomechanical properties of the functional demonstrators of a femoral component for total knee replacements are evaluated. The TiNbTa-ATZ specimens showed a homogenous joint with statistically distributed micro-pores and a slight accumulation of Al-rich compounds at the glass solder-TiNbTa interface. Shear strengths of 26.4 ± 4.2 MPa and 38.2 ± 14.4 MPa were achieved for the TiNbTa-ATZ and Ti-ATZ specimens, respectively, and they were not significantly affected by the titanium material used, nor by accelerated aging (p = 0.07). All of the specimens survived 107 cycles of shear loading to 10 MPa. Furthermore, the TiNbTa-ATZ did not impair the proliferation and metabolic activity of the human osteoblasts. Functional demonstrators made of TiNbTa-ATZ provided a maximum bearable extension-flexion moment of 40.7 ± 2.2 Nm. The biomechanical and biological properties of TiNbTa-ATZ demonstrate potential applications for endoprosthetic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Oliver Sass
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.H.)
| | - Paul Henke
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.H.)
| | - Aurica Mitrovic
- ZM Praezisionsdentaltechnik GmbH, Breite Str. 16, D-18057 Rostock, Germany (C.L.)
| | | | - Daniel Kluess
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.H.)
- INNOPROFF GmbH, Joachim-Jungius-Straße 9, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Johannsen
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Additive Manufacturing Technologies IAPT, Am Schleusengraben 14, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Marie-Luise Sellin
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.H.)
| | - Ulrich Lembke
- DOT GmbH, Charles-Darwin-Ring 1A, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Reimer
- FMZ GmbH, Charles-Darwin-Ring 3A, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lork
- ZM Praezisionsdentaltechnik GmbH, Breite Str. 16, D-18057 Rostock, Germany (C.L.)
| | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.H.)
| | - Rainer Bader
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.H.)
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2
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Sass JO, Sellin ML, Kauertz E, Johannsen J, Weinmann M, Stenzel M, Frank M, Vogel D, Bader R, Jonitz-Heincke A. Advanced Ti-Nb-Ta Alloys for Bone Implants with Improved Functionality. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:46. [PMID: 38391899 PMCID: PMC10889793 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The additive manufacturing of titanium-niobium-tantalum alloys with nominal chemical compositions Ti-xNb-6Ta (x = 20, 27, 35) by means of laser beam powder bed fusion is reported, and their potential as implant materials is elaborated by mechanical and biological characterization. The properties of dense specimens manufactured in different build orientations and of open porous Ti-20Nb-6Ta specimens are evaluated. Compression tests indicate that strength and elasticity are influenced by the chemical composition and build orientation. The minimum elasticity is always observed in the 90° orientation. It is lowest for Ti-20Nb-6Ta (43.2 ± 2.7 GPa) and can be further reduced to 8.1 ± 1.0 GPa for open porous specimens (p < 0.001). Furthermore, human osteoblasts are cultivated for 7 and 14 days on as-printed specimens and their biological response is compared to that of Ti-6Al-4V. Build orientation and cultivation time significantly affect the gene expression profile of osteogenic differentiation markers. Incomplete cell spreading is observed in specimens manufactured in 0° build orientation, whereas widely stretched cells are observed in 90° build orientation, i.e., parallel to the build direction. Compared to Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-Nb-Ta specimens promote improved osteogenesis and reduce the induction of inflammation. Accordingly, Ti-xNb-6Ta alloys have favorable mechanical and biological properties with great potential for application in orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Oliver Sass
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Sellin
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisa Kauertz
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Johannsen
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Additive Manufacturing Technologies IAPT, Am Schleusengraben 14, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcus Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstraße 14, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Danny Vogel
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Cardoso GC, Barbaro K, Kuroda PAB, De Bonis A, Teghil R, Krasnyuk II, Imperatori L, Grandini CR, Rau JV. Antimicrobial Cu-Doped TiO 2 Coatings on the β Ti-30Nb-5Mo Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:156. [PMID: 38204010 PMCID: PMC10779965 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Among the different surface modification techniques, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is explored for its ability to enhance the surface properties of Ti alloys by creating a controlled and durable oxide layer. The incorporation of Cu ions during the MAO process introduces additional functionalities to the surface, offering improved corrosion resistance and antimicrobial activity. In this study, the β-metastable Ti-30Nb-5Mo alloy was oxidated through the MAO method to create a Cu-doped TiO2 coating. The quantity of Cu ions in the electrolyte was changed (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 mMol) to develop coatings with different Cu concentrations. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, contact angle, and Vickers microhardness techniques were applied to characterize the deposited coatings. Cu incorporation increased the antimicrobial activity of the coatings, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains, and Candida albicans fungus by approximately 44%, 37%, 19%, and 41%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of Cu did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The hardness of all the deposited coatings was between 4 and 5 GPa. All the coatings were non-cytotoxic for adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC), promoting approximately 90% of cell growth and not affecting the AMSC differentiation into the osteogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Collombaro Cardoso
- Laboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (P.A.B.K.); (C.R.G.)
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.I.); (J.V.R.)
| | - Katia Barbaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda
- Laboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (P.A.B.K.); (C.R.G.)
| | - Angela De Bonis
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.D.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberto Teghil
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.D.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Ivan I. Krasnyuk
- Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Luca Imperatori
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.I.); (J.V.R.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Grandini
- Laboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (P.A.B.K.); (C.R.G.)
| | - Julietta V. Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.I.); (J.V.R.)
- Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
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4
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Fang H, Xu X, Zhang H, Sun Q, Sun J. Alloying Effect on Transformation Strain and Martensitic Transformation Temperature of Ti-Based Alloys from Ab Initio Calculations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6069. [PMID: 37687762 PMCID: PMC10488558 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The accurate prediction of alloying effects on the martensitic transition temperature (Ms) is still a big challenge. To investigate the composition-dependent lattice deformation strain and the Ms upon the β to α″ phase transition, we calculate the total energies and transformation strains for two selected Ti-Nb-Al and Ti-Nb-Ta ternaries employing a first-principles method. The adopted approach accurately estimates the alloying effect on lattice strain and the Ms by comparing it with the available measurements. The largest elongation and the largest compression due to the lattice strain occur along ±[011]β and ±[100]β, respectively. As compared to the overestimation of the Ms from existing empirical relationships, an improved Ms estimation can be realized using our proposed empirical relation by associating the measured Ms with the energy difference between the β and α″ phases. There is a satisfactory agreement between the predicted and measured Ms, implying that the proposed empirical relation could accurately describe the coupling alloying effect on Ms. Both Al and Ta strongly decrease the Ms, which is in line with the available observations. A correlation between the Ms and elastic modulus, C44, is found, implying that elastic moduli may be regarded as a prefactor of composition-dependent Ms. This work sheds deep light on precisely and directly predicting the Ms of Ti-containing alloys from the first-principles method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Xingge Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Hualei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qiaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
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Grubova IY, Surmenev RA, Neyts EC, Koptyug AV, Volkova AP, Surmeneva MA. Combined First-Principles and Experimental Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of the Multicomponent Additive-Manufactured Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27519-27533. [PMID: 37546645 PMCID: PMC10399164 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
New β-stabilized Ti-based alloys are highly promising for bone implants, thanks in part to their low elasticity. The nature of this elasticity, however, is as yet unknown. We here present combined first-principles DFT calculations and experiments on the microstructure, structural stability, mechanical characteristics, and electronic structure to elucidate this origin. Our results suggest that the studied β Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta wt % (TNZT) alloy manufactured by the electron-beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF) method has homogeneous mechanical properties (H = 2.01 ± 0.22 GPa and E = 69.48 ± 0.03 GPa) along the building direction, which is dictated by the crystallographic texture and microstructure morphologies. The analysis of the structural and electronic properties, as the main factors dominating the chemical bonding mechanism, indicates that TNZT has a mixture of strong metallic and weak covalent bonding. Our calculations demonstrate that the softening in the Cauchy pressure (C' = 98.00 GPa) and elastic constant C̅44 = 23.84 GPa is the origin of the low elasticity of TNZT. Moreover, the nature of this softening phenomenon can be related to the weakness of the second and third neighbor bonds in comparison with the first neighbor bonds in the TNZT. Thus, the obtained results indicate that a carefully designed TNZT alloy can be an excellent candidate for the manufacturing of orthopedic internal fixation devices. In addition, the current findings can be used as guidance not only for predicting the mechanical properties but also the nature of elastic characteristics of the newly developed alloys with yet unknown properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu. Grubova
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Roman A. Surmenev
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Erik C. Neyts
- Department
of Chemistry, PLASMANT Research Group, NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrey V. Koptyug
- Sports
Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Akademigatan 1, SE-831 25 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Anastasia P. Volkova
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Maria A. Surmeneva
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Basir A, Muhamad N, Sulong AB, Jamadon NH, Foudzi FM. Recent Advances in Processing of Titanium and Titanium Alloys through Metal Injection Molding for Biomedical Applications: 2013-2022. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113991. [PMID: 37297124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal injection molding (MIM) is one of the most widely used manufacturing processes worldwide as it is a cost-effective way of producing a variety of dental and orthopedic implants, surgical instruments, and other important biomedical products. Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are popular modern metallic materials that have revamped the biomedical sector as they have superior biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance, and high static and fatigue strength. This paper systematically reviews the MIM process parameters that extant studies have used to produce Ti and Ti alloy components between 2013 and 2022 for the medical industry. Moreover, the effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of the MIM-processed sintered components has been reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that by appropriately selecting and implementing the processing parameters at different stages of the MIM process, defect-free Ti and Ti alloy-based biomedical components can be produced. Therefore, this present study could greatly benefit future studies that examine using MIM to develop products for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Basir
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhamidi Muhamad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Sulong
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nashrah Hani Jamadon
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Mohd Foudzi
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bandyopadhyay A, Mitra I, Goodman SB, Kumar M, Bose S. Improving Biocompatibility for Next Generation of Metallic Implants. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 133:101053. [PMID: 36686623 PMCID: PMC9851385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing need for joint replacement surgeries, musculoskeletal repairs, and orthodontics worldwide prompts emerging technologies to evolve with healthcare's changing landscape. Metallic orthopaedic materials have a shared application history with the aerospace industry, making them only partly efficient in the biomedical domain. However, suitability of metallic materials in bone tissue replacements and regenerative therapies remains unchallenged due to their superior mechanical properties, eventhough they are not perfectly biocompatible. Therefore, exploring ways to improve biocompatibility is the most critical step toward designing the next generation of metallic biomaterials. This review discusses methods of improving biocompatibility of metals used in biomedical devices using surface modification, bulk modification, and incorporation of biologics. Our investigation spans multiple length scales, from bulk metals to the effect of microporosities, surface nanoarchitecture, and biomolecules such as DNA incorporation for enhanced biological response in metallic materials. We examine recent technologies such as 3D printing in alloy design and storing surface charge on nanoarchitecture surfaces, metal-on-metal, and ceramic-on-metal coatings to present a coherent and comprehensive understanding of the subject. Finally, we consider the advantages and challenges of metallic biomaterials and identify future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| | - Indranath Mitra
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
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In Vitro and Electrochemical Characterization of Laser-Cladded Ti-Nb-Ta Alloy for Biomedical Applications. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are predominant choices for use as biomaterials in human implants. Research has shown the adverse effects of using commercial Ti alloy Ti-6Al-4V in the human body, and this presents a need for viable alternatives. In this study, Ti alloy Ti-17Nb-6Ta was manufactured by laser cladding—a prominent additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Laser cladded specimens were evaluated for their in vitro and electrochemical behavior. A human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63 cells) was used for in vitro investigations. Cell proliferation was good in the physiological medium, and cells were alive when in contact with the laser cladded alloy, even after two to three weeks, indicating good cell viability and compatibility with this alloy. Electrochemical characterization was carried out in Ringer’s solution, and noticeably lower corrosion current density and corrosion rate values were observed. The lower amounts of these parameters indicated the passivation behavior due to multi-layer Ti, Nb, and Ta alloy oxide films. These oxide films also enhanced osseointegration. Thus, the Ti-17Nb-6Ta alloy can be an ideal biocompatible alternative to Ti-6Al-4V.
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Wang X, Ning B, Pei X. Tantalum and its derivatives in orthopedic and dental implants: Osteogenesis and antibacterial properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112055. [PMID: 34438295 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Implant-associated infections and aseptic loosening are some of the main reasons for implant failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the osseointegration and antibacterial capabilities of implant materials. In recent years, a large number of breakthroughs in the biological application of tantalum and its derivatives have been achieved. Owing to their corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, osseointegration ability, and antibacterial properties, they have shown considerable potential in orthopedic and dental implant applications. In this review, we provide the latest progress and achievements in the research on osseointegration and antibacterial properties of tantalum as well as its derivatives, and summarize the surface modification methods to enhance their osseointegration and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Boyu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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10
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Tailoring a Low Young Modulus for a Beta Titanium Alloy by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133467. [PMID: 34206466 PMCID: PMC8269459 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present paper analyzed the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O alloy of β-Ti type obtained by combining severe plastic deformation (SPD), for which the total reduction was of εtot = 90%, with two variants of super-transus solution treatment (ST). The objective was to obtain a low Young's modulus with sufficient high strength in purpose to use the alloy as a biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The microstructure analysis was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations. The analyzed mechanical properties reveal promising values for yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of about 770 and 1100 MPa, respectively, with a low value of Young's modulus of about 48-49 GPa. The conclusion is that satisfactory mechanical properties for this type of alloy can be obtained if considering a proper combination of SPD + ST parameters and a suitable content of β-stabilizing alloying elements, especially the Zr/Nb ratio.
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11
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The Pressure Compaction of Zr-Nb Powder Mixtures and Selected Properties of Sintered and KOBO-Extruded Zr-xNb Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123172. [PMID: 34207671 PMCID: PMC8227923 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Materials were obtained from commercial zirconium powders. 1 mass%, 2.5 mass% and 16 mass% of niobium powders were used as the reinforcing phase. The SPS method and the extrusion method classified as the SPD method were used. Relative density materials of up to 98% were obtained. The microstructure of the sintered Zr-xNb materials differs from that of the extruded materials. Due to the flammability of zirconium powders, no mechanical alloying was used; only mixing of zirconium and niobium powders in water and isopropyl alcohol. Niobium was grouped in clusters with an average niobium particle size of about 10 μm up to 20 μm. According to the Zr-Nb phase equilibrium system, the stable phase at RT was the hexagonal α-phase. The tests were carried out for materials without the additional annealing process. The effect of niobium as a β-Zr phase stabilizer is confirmed by XRD. Materials differed in their phase composition, and for both methods the β-Zr phase was present in obtained materials. A very favorable effect of niobium on the increase in corrosion resistance was observed, compared to the material obtained from the powder without the addition of niobium.
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Abstract
The high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and great biocompatibility make titanium and its alloys the ideal materials for biomedical metallic implants. Ti-6Al-4V alloy is the most employed in practical biomedical applications because of the excellent combination of strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance. However, recent studies have demonstrated some limits in biocompatibility due to the presence of toxic Al and V. Consequently, scientific literature has reported novel biomedical β-Ti alloys containing biocompatible β-stabilizers (such as Mo, Ta, and Zr) studying the possibility to obtain similar performances to the Ti-6Al-4V alloys. The aim of this review is to highlight the corrosion resistance of the passive layers on biomedical Ti-6Al-4V and β-type Ti alloys in the human body environment by reviewing relevant literature research contributions. The discussion is focused on all those factors that influence the performance of the passive layer at the surface of the alloy subjected to electrochemical corrosion, among which the alloy composition, the method selected to grow the oxide coating, and the physicochemical conditions of the body fluid are the most significant.
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Biocompatibility and Cellular Behavior of TiNbTa Alloy with Adapted Rigidity for the Replacement of Bone Tissue. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the mechanical and bio-functional behavior of a TiNbTa alloy is evaluated as a potential prosthetic biomaterial used for cortical bone replacement. The results are compared with the reference Ti c.p. used as biomaterials for bone-replacement implants. The estimated mechanical behavior for TiNbTa foams was also compared with the experimental Ti c.p. foams fabricated by the authors in previous studies. A TiNbTa alloy with a 20–30% porosity could be a candidate for the replacement of cortical bone, while levels of 80% would allow the manufacture of implants for the replacement of trabecular bone tissue. Regarding biocompatibility, in vitro TiNbTa, cellular responses (osteoblast adhesion and proliferation) were compared with cell growth in Ti c.p. samples. Cell adhesion (presence of filopodia) and propagation were promoted. The TiNbTa samples had a bioactive response similar to that of Ti c.p. However, TiNbTa samples show a better balance of bio-functional behavior (promoting osseointegration) and biomechanical behavior (solving the stress-shielding phenomenon and guaranteeing mechanical resistance).
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Lee HE, Wu JH, Chao CY, Chang YH, Du JK, Chen KK, Chen HM. A Study of Low Young's Modulus Ti-15Ta-15Nb Alloy Using TEM Analysis. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245694. [PMID: 33327375 PMCID: PMC7764856 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microstructural characteristics and Young’s modulus of the as-cast Ti–15Ta–15Nb alloy are reported in this study. On the basis of the examined XRD and TEM results, the microstructure of the current alloy is essentially a mixture (α + β+ α′ + α″ + ω + H) phase. The new H phase has not previously been identified as a known phase in the Ti–Ta–Nb alloy system. On the basis of examination of the Kikuchi maps, the new H phase belongs to a tetragonal structural class with lattice parameters of a = b = 0.328 nm and c = 0.343 nm, denoting an optimal presentation of the atomic arrangement. The relationships of orientation between these phases would be {0001}α//{110}β//{1¯21¯0}ω//{101¯}H and (011¯0)α//(11¯2)β//(1¯010)ω//(121)H. Moreover, the Young’s modulus of the as-cast Ti–15Ta–15Nb alloy is approximately E = 80.2 ± 10.66 GPa. It is implied that the Young’s modulus can be decreased by the mixing of phases, especially with the presence of the H phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Er Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Hui Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yeh Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pintung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yen-Hao Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Je-Kang Du
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.-K.D.); (K.-K.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3121-101 (ext. 7003) (J.-K.D.)
| | - Ker-Kong Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.-K.D.); (K.-K.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3121-101 (ext. 7003) (J.-K.D.)
| | - Huey-Ming Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pintung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (H.-M.C.)
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Abstract
The influence of complex thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) on the mechanical properties of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O bio-alloy was investigated in this study. The proposed TMP program involves a schema featuring a series of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and solution treatment (STs). The purpose of this study was to find the proper parameter combination for the applied TMP and thus enhance the mechanical strength and diminish the Young’s modulus. The proposed chemical composition of the studied β-type Ti-alloy was conceived from already-appreciated Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys with high β-stability by replacing the expensive Ta with more accessible Fe and O. These chemical additions are expected to better enhance β-stability and thus avoid the generation of ω, α’, and α” during complex TMP, as well as allow for the processing of a single bcc β-phase with significant grain diminution, increased mechanical strength, and a low elasticity value/Young’s modulus. The proposed TMP program considers two research directions of TMP experiments. For comparisons using structural and mechanical perspectives, the two categories of the experimental samples were analyzed using SEM microscopy and a series of tensile tests. The comparison also included some already published results for similar alloys. The analysis revealed the advantages and disadvantages for all compared categories, with the conclusions highlighting that the studied alloys are suitable for expanding the database of possible β-Ti bio-alloys that could be used depending on the specific requirements of different biomedical implant applications.
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Development of a TiNbTaMoZr-Based High Entropy Alloy with Low Young´s Modulus by Mechanical Alloying Route. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an equiatomic TiNbTaMoZr-based high-entropy alloy (HEA) has been developed by a powder metallurgy route, which consists of a process of combined one-step low-temperature mechanical milling starting from the transition metals as raw materials and a subsequent pressureless sintering. In this way, the optimized synthesized specimen, after 10 h of milling time, showed two different body-centered cubic (bcc) TiNbTaMoZr alloys, which, after sintering at 1450 °C, 1 h of dwell time and a heating and cooling rate of 5 °C min−1, it remained formed as two bcc TiNbTaMoZr-based HEAs. This material, with micrometric and equiaxed particles, and with homogeneously distributed phases, presented a Young’s modulus that was significantly higher (5.8 GPa) and lower (62.1 GPa) than that of the usual commercially pure (cp) Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy used for bone-replacement implants. It also presented similar values to those of the HEAs developed for the same purpose. These interesting properties would enable this TiNbTaMoZr-based HEA to be used as a potential biomaterial for bulk or porous bone implants with high hardness and low Young´s modulus, thereby preventing the appearance of stress-shielding phenomena.
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Mat-Baharin NH, Razali M, Mohd-Said S, Syarif J, Muchtar A. Influence of alloying elements on cellular response and in-vitro corrosion behavior of titanium-molybdenum-chromium alloys for implant materials. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 64:490-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
β-type titanium (Ti) alloys have attracted a lot of attention as novel biomedical materials in the past decades due to their low elastic moduli and good biocompatibility. This article provides a broad and extensive review of β-type Ti alloys in terms of alloy design, preparation methods, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility. After briefly introducing the development of Ti and Ti alloys for biomedical applications, this article reviews the design of β-type Ti alloys from the perspective of the molybdenum equivalency (Moeq) method and DV-Xα molecular orbital method. Based on these methods, a considerable number of β-type Ti alloys are developed. Although β-type Ti alloys have lower elastic moduli compared with other types of Ti alloys, they still possess higher elastic moduli than human bones. Therefore, porous β-type Ti alloys with declined elastic modulus have been developed by some preparation methods, such as powder metallurgy, additive manufacture and so on. As reviewed, β-type Ti alloys have comparable or even better mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility compared with other types of Ti alloys. Hence, β-type Ti alloys are the more suitable materials used as implant materials. However, there are still some problems with β-type Ti alloys, such as biological inertness. As such, summarizing the findings from the current literature, suggestions forβ-type Ti alloys with bioactive coatings are proposed for the future development.
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Voltrova B, Jarolimova P, Hybasek V, Blahnova VH, Sepitka J, Sovkova V, Matějka R, Daniel M, Fojt J, Filova E. In vitro evaluation of a novel nanostructured Ti-36Nb-6Ta alloy for orthopedic applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1843-1859. [PMID: 32752935 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the impact of a nanostructured surface created on β-titanium alloy, Ti-36Nb-6Ta, on the growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials & methods: The nanotubes, with average diameters 18, 36 and 46 nm, were prepared by anodic oxidation. Morphology, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the nanotube layers were characterized. The biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the nanostructured surfaces were established using various in vitro assays, scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results: The nanotubes lowered elastic modulus close to that of bone, positively influenced cell adhesion, improved ALP activity, synthesis of type I collagen and osteocalcin expression, but diminished early cell proliferation. Conclusion: Nanostructured Ti-36Nb-6Ta with nanotube diameters 36 nm was the most promising material for bone implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Voltrova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 2038/6, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Jarolimova
- Department of Metals & Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry & Technology, Technická 5, 166 29, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Hybasek
- Department of Metals & Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry & Technology, Technická 5, 166 29, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hefka Blahnova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Sepitka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Sovkova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Matějka
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Náměstí Sítná 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Daniel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Fojt
- Department of Metals & Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry & Technology, Technická 5, 166 29, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Filova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
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Role of Vanadium Additions on the Corrosion Mitigation of Ti-6Al-xV Alloy in Simulated Body Fluid. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturing of different Ti-6Al-xV (x = 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) alloys using a mechanical alloying technique was reported. The corrosion behaviors of these newly fabricated alloys after 1, 24, and 48 h exposure to a simulated body fluid (SBF) were assessed using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometric measurements. Surface morphology and elemental analyses after corrosion for 48 h in SBF were reported using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) examinations. An X-ray diffraction investigation characterized the phase analyses. All results indicated that the increase of V content significantly decreases both uniform and pitting corrosion. This effect also increases with prolonging the immersion time to 48 h before measurement.
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Role of Sn as a Process Control Agent on Mechanical Alloying Behavior of Nanocrystalline Titanium Based Powders. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092110. [PMID: 32370206 PMCID: PMC7254251 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Sn as a process control agent (PCA) on the final powder sizes, morphology, homogenization and alloying process of a new titanium alloy were investigated. Two kinds of powders, Ti10Ta8Mo and Ti10Ta8Mo3Sn (wt %), were prepared using a mechanical alloying process. For the Ti10Ta8Mo3Sn (wt %) alloy, the Sn element was used as PCA to enhance the milling process in the planetary ball mill. The milling process of both compositions was carried out with 200 rpm for 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 h. The results confirmed that using Sn as a process control agent can result in a relatively good size distribution and better yield performance compared to samples without Sn addition. The phase analysis using X-ray diffraction proved the formation of the α nanocrystalline phase and the partial phase transformation from α to nanocrystalline β phases of both alloy compositions. The Scaning Electron Micoscope- Backscattered Electrons SEM-BSE results confirmed that the use of Sn as the PCA can provide a better homogenization of samples prepared by at least 60 h of ball milling. Furthermore, the presence of Sn yielded the most uniform, spheroidal and finest particles after the longest milling time.
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Effects of alloying elements and annealing treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-Ta-Ti alloys fabricated by partial diffusion for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110542. [PMID: 32204053 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Powder metallurgical (PM) Nb-25Ta-xTi alloys (x = 5, 15, 25, 35 at.%) were fabricated by the elemental powder sintering technology. Effects of alloying elements and annealing treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated by conducting various tests, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalyses (EPMA), electron back scattered diffraction detector (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile tests. The results indicated that the alloys showed a unique Nb-rich and Ta-rich dual structure due to the insufficient diffusion between powders. With the increase of Ti content, the β phase was always retained and the alloys exhibited a relatively high density in the range of 82.4% to 90.5%. Furthermore, owing to a higher diffusion coefficient of Ti and the strengthening effect of solid solution, the volume shrinkage and tensile strength both increased along with the increase of Ti content. After the annealing treatment was introduced, the microstructure became more homogeneous and fine equiaxed grains appeared, which induced a decrease in modulus and better ductility. The Nb-25Ta-25Ti alloys exhibited a good in vitro biocompatibility due to the chemical components and the introduce of surface pores. The PM Nb-Ta-Ti alloys were promising for biomedical applications in tissue engineering after evaluated both mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility.
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Manufacturing of Ti-6%Al and Ti-6%Al-4%V Alloys and Their Corrosion in Sodium Chloride Solutions. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current research aims at the manufacturing of Ti-6%Al alloy and Ti-6%Al-4%V alloy using the mechanical alloying method and studying their corrosion behavior after various periods of immersions in 3.5% NaCl solutions. The fabricated alloys were also evaluated using spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. The corrosion behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometric current-time electrochemical methods. It is confirmed that the presence of 4% V greatly decreases the uniform corrosion of the Ti-6%Al alloy as a result of the role of V in decreasing the cathodic, anodic, and corrosion current, and the rate of corrosion along with increasing the corrosion resistance. Increasing the time of immersion to 24 h and further to 48 h highly decreased the corrosion of the alloys. The presence of 4% V and extending the time of exposure thus increase the resistance against corrosion via decreasing the corrosion of Ti-6%Al alloy in the chloride test solution.
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Beneficial Effects of Vanadium Additions on the Corrosion of Ti6AlxV Alloys in Chloride Solutions. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of V addition on the corrosion of a newly manufactured Ti6AlxV (x = 2 wt %, 4 wt %, 6 wt %, and 8 wt %) alloys after various exposure periods in 3.5% NaCl solutions were reported. The Ti6AlxV were produced from their raw powders using mechanical alloying. Several electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and potentiodynamic current versus time at 300 mV experiments were conducted. The surface morphology and the elemental analysis were performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. All results were consistent with each other revealing that the increase of V content increases the resistance of the alloys against corrosion. The increase of corrosion resistance was achieved by the role of V in decreasing the rate of corrosion as a result of the formation of oxide films on the surface of the alloys. This effect was found to increase with prolonging the immersion time of the Ti6AlxV alloys in the test medium from 1 h to 24 h and further to 48 h.
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Haftlang F, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Abedi HR. The effect of nano-size second precipitates on the structure, apatite-inducing ability and in-vitro biocompatibility of Ti-29Nb-14Ta-4.5Zr alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110561. [PMID: 32228908 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The apatite formation and in-vitro biocompatibility of Ti-29Nb-14Ta-4.5Zr (TNTZ) alloy reinforced by various nano-sized phases of α″, α, and ω in the β matrix have been studied. The electrochemical performances of the elaborated microstructures have been assessed through potentiodynamic polarization in the simulated body fluid (SBF) and interestingly, the β + ω specimen exhibited an extraordinary corrosion resistance compared to the others. This was attributed to the uniform distribution, spherical morphology and coherent interface of the ω nano-precipitates. The polarization tests in simulated body fluid showed the high tendency of apatite formation on the surface of the β- matrix contained ω precipitates. The in-vitro cytotoxicity analysis employing MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed >85% cell viability of the TNTZ alloy reinforced by nano-ω precipitations. Since this specimen showed the highest cell adhesion as well, it introduces this structure as a promising high potential candidate for biomedical applications due to its high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, ultra-low cytotoxicity, and good cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Haftlang
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Zarei-Hanzaki
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Abedi
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Falanga A, Laheurte P, Vahabi H, Tran N, Khamseh S, Saeidi H, Khodadadi M, Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. Niobium-Treated Titanium Implants with Improved Cellular and Molecular Activities at the Tissue-Implant Interface. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233861. [PMID: 31766663 PMCID: PMC6926753 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There have been several attempts to improve the cellular and molecular interactions at the tissue-implant interface. Here, the biocompatibility of titanium-based implants (e.g., Grade 2 Titanium alloy (Ti-40) and titanium-niobium alloy (Ti-Nb)) has been assessed using different cellular and molecular examinations. Cell culture experiments were performed on three substrates: Ti-40, Ti-Nb, and tissue culture polystyrene as control. Cells number and growth rate were assessed by cell counting in various days and cell morphology was monitored using microscopic observations. The evaluation of cells' behavior on the surface of the implants paves the way for designing appropriate biomaterials for orthopedic and dental applications. It was observed that the cell growth rate on the control sample was relatively higher than that of the Ti-40 and Ti-Nb samples because of the coarse surface of the titanium-based materials. On the other hand, the final cell population was higher for titanium-based implants; this difference was attributed to the growth pattern, in which cells were not monolayered on the surface. Collagen I was not observed, while collagen III was secreted. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion were enhanced, and IL-8 secretion decreased. Moreover, various types of cells can be utilized with a series of substrates to unfold the cell behavior mechanism and cell-substrate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Falanga
- Nancy’s School of Surgery, Universite de Lorraine, F-54011 Nancy, France; (A.F.)
| | - Pascal Laheurte
- Laboratoire LEM3 UMR 7239, Universite de Lorraine, F-57045 Metz, France
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photoniques et Systèmes, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, F-57070 Metz, France;
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Nguyen Tran
- Nancy’s School of Surgery, Universite de Lorraine, F-54011 Nancy, France; (A.F.)
| | - Sara Khamseh
- Department of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16765-654, Iran
| | - Hoda Saeidi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6619, Iran; (H.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6619, Iran; (H.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin & Additives, Institute for Color Science & Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16765-654, Iran;
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 144961-4535, Iran
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (M.M.)
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Guo Y, Wu J, Xie K, Tan J, Yang Y, Zhao S, Wang L, Jiang W, Hao Y. Study of Bone Regeneration and Osteointegration Effect of a Novel Selective Laser-Melted Titanium-Tantalum-Niobium-Zirconium Alloy Scaffold. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6463-6473. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Adhesion, biological corrosion resistance and biotribological properties of carbon films deposited on MAO coated Ti substrates. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 101:103448. [PMID: 31563846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) film, a graphite-like carbon (GLC) film and a thick diamond-like carbon (PE-DLC) film are deposited on the micro arc oxidation (MAO) coated pure titanium substrates using a hybrid ion beam deposition system, magnetron sputtering and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, respectively. The microstructure, adhesion, biological corrosion resistance and biotribological properties were determined. The results showed that the three duplex coatings presented uneven surface features and increased binding force. The binding force of the duplex coatings was strongly affected by the bonding strength between the MAO coating and Ti substrate. Although the roughness Ra of the three duplex coatings was high, their friction coefficients were small (under 0.22) in the SBF solution. The MAO/DLC and MAO/GLC coatings showed an excellent tribological behavior and corrosion resistance in the SBF solution.
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Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of β-Type Ti–Nb–Sn Biomedical Alloys with Low Elastic Modulus. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microstructural and mechanical properties of β-type Ti85-xNb10+xSn5 (x = 0, 3, 6, 10 at.%) alloys with low elastic modulus were investigated. The experimental results show that the Ti85Nb10Sn5 and Ti75Nb20Sn5 alloys are composed of simple α and β phases, respectively; the Ti82Nb13Sn5 and Ti79Nb16Sn5 alloys are composed of β and α″ phases. The content of martensite phase decreases with the increase of Nb content. The Ti82Nb13Sn5 and Ti79Nb16Sn5 alloys show an inverse martensitic phase transition during heating. The Ti85Nb10Sn5 and Ti82Nb13Sn5 alloys with the small residual strain exhibit the good superelastic properties in 10-time cyclic loading. The reduced elastic modulus (Er) of the Ti75Nb20Sn5 alloy (61 GPa) measured by using the nanoindentation technique is 2–6 times of that of human bone (10–30 GPa), and is smaller than that of commercial Ti-6Al-4V biomedical alloy (120 GPa). The Ti75Nb20Sn5 alloy can be considered as a novel biomedical alloy. The wear resistance (H/Er) and anti-wear capability (H3/Er2) values of the four alloys are higher than those of the CP–Ti alloy (0.0238), which indicates that the present alloys have good wear resistance and anti-wear capability.
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Abdelrhman Y, Gepreel MAH, Kobayashi S, Okano S, Okamoto T. Biocompatibility of new low-cost (α + β)-type Ti-Mo-Fe alloys for long-term implantation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:552-562. [PMID: 30889729 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ti-Zr-Si-Nb Nanocrystalline Alloys and Metallic Glasses: Assessment on the Structural Development, Thermal Stability, Corrosion and Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091551. [PMID: 31083618 PMCID: PMC6540074 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel Ti-based amorphous or β-phase nanostructured metallic materials could have significant benefits for implant applications, due to improved corrosion and mechanical characteristics (lower Young’s modulus, better wear performance, improved fracture toughness) in comparison to the standardized α+β titanium alloys. Moreover, the devitrification phenomenon, occurring during heating, could contribute to lower input power during additive manufacturing technologies. Ti-based alloy ribbons were obtained by melt-spinning, considering the ultra-fast cooling rates this method can provide. The titanium alloys contain in various proportions Zr, Nb, and Si (Ti60Zr10Si15Nb15, Ti64Zr10Si15Nb11, Ti56Zr10Si15Nb19) in various proportions. These elements were chosen due to their reported biological safety, as in the case of Zr and Nb, and the metallic glass-forming ability and biocompatibility of Si. The morphology and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, while the structural features (crystallinity, phase attribution after devitrification (after heat treatment)) were assessed by X-ray diffraction. Some of the mechanical properties (hardness, Young’s modulus) were assessed by instrumented indentation. The thermal stability and crystallization temperatures were measured by differential thermal analysis. High-intensity exothermal peaks were observed during heating of melt-spun ribbons. The corrosion behavior was assessed by electrocorrosion tests. The results show the potential of these alloys to be used as materials for biomedical applications.
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Superelasticity Evaluation of the Biocompatible Ti-17Nb-6Ta Alloy. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2019; 2019:8353409. [PMID: 30728927 PMCID: PMC6341265 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8353409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, studying the shape memory effect of the biocompatible Ti alloys takes much attention in the biomedical and healthcare applications. This study concerns about characterizing the superelasticity of the new biocompatible Ti-17Nb-6Ta (TNT) alloy. Microstructure of TNT was observed using optical and confocal microscopes. The alloy consists of two phases: β (predominant phase) and α″ martensite phase. The influence of cold rolling deformation on the microstructure was illustrated in which the martensitic-induced transformation appeared by cold rolling. The alloy is ductile as only the fracture dimples appeared in its fracture surface. Multicyclic loading and deloading tensile testing was applied to TNT specimens (flat and wire shapes) in order to evaluate the superelasticity. A superelastic strain as high as 3.5% was recorded for this TNT alloy. Therefore, TNT alloy has high potential for many biomedical and healthcare applications.
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Thompson FC, Matsumoto MA, Biguetti CC, Rennó ACM, de Andrade Holgado L, Santiago Junior JF, Munerato MS, Saraiva PP. Distinct healing pattern of maxillary sinus augmentation using the vitroceramic Biosilicate®: Study in rabbits. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:726-734. [PMID: 30889746 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To follow healing process of augmented maxillary sinus in rabbits analyzing the histological pattern of bone tissue formation, along with the osteogenic activity and vascularization using a bioactive vitroceramic in comparison to deproteinized bovine bone associated or not with autogenous bone graft. DESIGN Forty five male adult New Zealand rabbits, 5 months of age, mean weight of 4 Kg, underwent bilateral sinus augmentation surgeries to be divided in five groups: G - (Control) particulate autogenous bone graft (AG), BO - deproteinized bovine bone, BO+G - deproteinized bovine bone + AG, BSi -vitroceramic, and BSi + G - vitroceramic +AG. After 15, 45 and 90 days, all animals were euthanized for specimen's removal to be analyzed under light microscopy, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for Runx2 and VEGF labeling. RESULTS G, BO and BO+G groups healed uneventfully, allowing the formation of mature remodeling bone at day 90, regarding the association of AG with the biomaterial. On the other hand, BSi and BSi + G groups showed an important cellular reaction and granulation/fibrous tissue formation from the first to the last period of observation. Runx-2 and VEGF immunolabeling were coherent with this result. However, histomorphometry did not reveal significant differences considering new bone formation. CONCLUSIONS Reconstructed maxillary sinuses using Biosilicate® permitted satisfactory new bone formation in comparison to the deproteinized bovine bone and AG. However, the presence of granulation/fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells associated to the degrading biomaterial indicate that further studies should be careful performed considering the immunological aspect of this new biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Cazzeli Thompson
- Oral Biology Post-graduation Program, Sagrado Coração University - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50 - Bauru -, SP 17011-160, Brazil
| | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, 16015-050 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Faculty of Medicine of Jau - Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, Jaú - Brazil, R. Ângelo Martins, 498 - Jardim Estadio, Jaú - SP, 17203-480, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Rennó
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Avenida Ana Costa, 95, Santos, SP 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Andrade Holgado
- Oral Biology Post-graduation Program, Sagrado Coração University - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50 - Bauru -, SP 17011-160, Brazil
| | - Joel Ferreira Santiago Junior
- Oral Biology Post-graduation Program, Sagrado Coração University - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50 - Bauru -, SP 17011-160, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Salles Munerato
- Oral Biology Post-graduation Program, Sagrado Coração University - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50 - Bauru -, SP 17011-160, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pinto Saraiva
- Faculty of Medicine of Jau - Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, Jaú - Brazil, R. Ângelo Martins, 498 - Jardim Estadio, Jaú - SP, 17203-480, Brazil
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Kwasniak P, Wróbel JS, Garbacz H. Origin of low Young modulus of multicomponent, biomedical Ti alloys - Seeking optimal elastic properties through a first principles investigation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:352-361. [PMID: 30199838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent, biomedical β-Ti alloys offer ultra-low Young modulus values that are related to a unique and poorly understood reduction of C44 and C' elastic constants in comparison with binary systems. The elastic properties of such materials are difficult to control due to the large variations occurring even for a small change in chemical composition, which cannot be explained using existing theories. In this article, we investigate the above issues through systematic ab initio elastic constants calculations for a series of binary, ternary and quaternary Ti alloys. Special attention is paid to examining the reliability of the methodology adopted and to clarifying the atomic scale mechanisms that affect the mechanical properties of the systems analysed. It was found that the lower boundary of the polycrystalline Young modulus of Ti-Nb-base β phase is close to 50 GPa, and strongly depends on two specific electronic hybridisations related to niobium and simple metals addition that control C44 and C'. Based on the relationship established between electronic structure and mechanical properties, we propose several quaternary alloys whose directional <100> Young modulus values are equal or similar to that of human bones. Some electronic-based guidelines for designing new multicomponent β-Ti alloys are also formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kwasniak
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J S Wróbel
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Garbacz
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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Hamidi MFFA, Harun WSW, Samykano M, Ghani SAC, Ghazalli Z, Ahmad F, Sulong AB. A review of biocompatible metal injection moulding process parameters for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1263-1276. [PMID: 28575965 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible metals have been revolutionizing the biomedical field, predominantly in human implant applications, where these metals widely used as a substitute to or as function restoration of degenerated tissues or organs. Powder metallurgy techniques, in specific the metal injection moulding (MIM) process, have been employed for the fabrication of controlled porous structures used for dental and orthopaedic surgical implants. The porous metal implant allows bony tissue ingrowth on the implant surface, thereby enhancing fixation and recovery. This paper elaborates a systematic classification of various biocompatible metals from the aspect of MIM process as used in medical industries. In this study, three biocompatible metals are reviewed-stainless steels, cobalt alloys, and titanium alloys. The applications of MIM technology in biomedicine focusing primarily on the MIM process setting parameters discussed thoroughly. This paper should be of value to investigators who are interested in state of the art of metal powder metallurgy, particularly the MIM technology for biocompatible metal implant design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F F A Hamidi
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - W S W Harun
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - M Samykano
- Structural and Material Degradation Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S A C Ghani
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Z Ghazalli
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - F Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
| | - A B Sulong
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
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Liu J, Ruan J, Chang L, Yang H, Ruan W. Porous Nb-Ti-Ta alloy scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, mechanical properties and in vitro/vivo biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:503-512. [PMID: 28576015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porous Nb-Ti-Ta (at.%) alloys with the pore size of 100-600μm and the porosity of 50%-80% were fabricated by the combination of the sponge impregnation technique and sintering method. The results revealed that the pores were well connected with three-dimensional (3D) network structure, which showed morphological similarity to the anisotropic porous structure of human bones. The results also showed that the alloys could provide the compressive Young's modulus of 0.11±0.01GPa to 2.08±0.09GPa and the strength of 17.45±2.76MPa to 121.67±1.76MPa at different level of porosity, indicating that the mechanical properties of the alloys are similar to those of human bones. Pore structure on the compressive properties was also discussed on the basis of the deformation mode. The relationship between compressive properties and porosity was well consistent with the Gibson-Ashby model. The mechanical properties could be tailored to match different requirements of the human bones. Moreover, the alloys had good biocompatibility due to the porous structure with higher surface, which were suitable for apatite formation and cell adhesion. In conclusion, the porous Nb-Ti-Ta alloy is potentially useful in the hard tissue implants for the appropriate mechanical properties as well as the good biocompatible properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jianming Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Hailin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
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Saleh YE, Gepreel MA, Allam NK. Functional Nanoarchitectures For Enhanced Drug Eluting Stents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40291. [PMID: 28079127 PMCID: PMC5227685 DOI: 10.1038/srep40291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strategies have been investigated to allow for optimum duration and conditions for endothelium healing through the enhancement of coronary stents. In this study, a nanoarchitectured system is proposed as a surface modification for drug eluting stents. Highly oriented nanotubes were vertically grown on the surface of a new Ni-free biocompatible Ti-based alloy, as a potential material for self-expandable stents. The fabricated nanotubes were self-grown from the potential stent substrate, which are also proposed to enhance endothelial proliferation while acting as drug reservoir to hinder Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) proliferation. Two morphologies were synthesized to investigate the effect of structure homogeneity on the intended application. The material was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Nanoindentation technique was used to study the mechanical properties of the fabricated material. Cytotoxicity and proliferation studies were performed and compared for the two fabricated nanoarchitectures, versus smooth untextured samples, using in-vitro cultured endothelial cells. Finally, the drug loading capacity was experimentally studied and further supported by computational modeling of the release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna E Saleh
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Gepreel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Egypt-Japan University for Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nageh K Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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