1
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Ege D, Lu HH, Boccaccini AR. Bioactive Glass and Silica Particles for Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:448-461. [PMID: 38126329 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
When skeletal and cardiac tissues are damaged, surgical approaches are not always successful and tissue regeneration approaches are investigated. Reports in the literature indicate that silica nanoparticles and bioactive glasses (BGs), including silicate bioactive glasses (e.g., 45S5 BG), phosphate glass fibers, boron-doped mesoporous BGs, borosilicate glasses, and aluminoborates, are promising for repairing skeletal muscle tissue. Silica nanoparticles and BGs have been combined with polymers to obtain aligned nanofibers and to maintain controlled delivery of nanoparticles for skeletal muscle repair. The literature indicates that cardiac muscle regeneration can be also triggered by the ionic products of BGs. This was observed to be due to the release of vascular endothelial growth factor and other growth factors from cardiomyocytes, which regulate endothelial cells to form capillary structures (angiogenesis). Specific studies, including both in vitro and in vivo approaches, are reviewed in this article. The analysis of the literature indicates that although the research field is still very limited, BGs are showing great promise for muscle tissue engineering and further research in the field should be carried out to expand our basic knowledge on the application of BGs in muscle (skeletal and cardiac) tissue regeneration. Impact statement This review highlights the potential of silica particles and bioactive glasses (BGs) for skeletal and cardiac tissue regeneration. These biomaterials create scaffolds triggering muscle cell differentiation. Ionic products from BGs stimulate growth factors, supporting angiogenesis in cardiac tissue repair. Further research is required to expand our know-how on silica particles and BGs in muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hsuan-Heng Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Cai CW, Grey JA, Hubmacher D, Han WM. Biomaterial-Based Regenerative Strategies for Volumetric Muscle Loss: Challenges and Solutions. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024. [PMID: 38775429 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2024.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Significance: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is caused by the loss of significant amounts of skeletal muscle tissue. VML cannot be repaired by intrinsic regenerative processes, resulting in permanent loss of muscle function and disability. Current rehabilitative-focused treatment strategies lack efficacy and do not restore muscle function, indicating the need for the development of effective regenerative strategies. Recent Advances: Recent developments implicate biomaterial-based approaches for promoting muscle repair and functional restoration post-VML. Specifically, bioscaffolds transplanted in the injury site have been utilized to mimic endogenous cues of the ablated tissue to promote myogenic pathways, increase neo-myofiber synthesis, and ultimately restore contractile function to the injured unit. Critical Issues: Despite the development and preclinical testing of various biomaterial-based regenerative strategies, effective therapies for patients are not available. The unique challenges posed for biomaterial-based treatments of VML injuries, including its scalability and clinical applicability beyond small-animal models, impede progress. Furthermore, production of tissue-engineered constructs is technically demanding, with reproducibility issues at scale and complexities in achieving vascularization and innervation of large constructs. Future Directions: Biomaterial-based regenerative strategies designed to comprehensively address the pathophysiology of VML are needed. Considerations for clinical translation, including scalability and regulatory compliance, should also be considered when developing such strategies. In addition, an integrated approach that combines regenerative and rehabilitative strategies is essential for ensuring functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene W Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Josh A Grey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Espino-Gonzalez E, Dalbram E, Mounier R, Gondin J, Farup J, Jessen N, Treebak JT. Impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in diabetes: From cellular and molecular mechanisms to novel treatments. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1204-1236. [PMID: 38490209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes represents a major public health concern with a considerable impact on human life and healthcare expenditures. It is now well established that diabetes is characterized by a severe skeletal muscle pathology that limits functional capacity and quality of life. Increasing evidence indicates that diabetes is also one of the most prevalent disorders characterized by impaired skeletal muscle regeneration, yet underlying mechanisms and therapeutic treatments remain poorly established. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular alterations currently known to occur during skeletal muscle regeneration in people with diabetes and animal models of diabetes, including its associated comorbidities, e.g., obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. We describe the role of myogenic and non-myogenic cell types on muscle regeneration in conditions with or without diabetes. Therapies for skeletal muscle regeneration and gaps in our knowledge are also discussed, while proposing future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ever Espino-Gonzalez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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4
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Xu HR, Le VV, Oprescu SN, Kuang S. Muscle stem cells as immunomodulator during regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:221-238. [PMID: 38670707 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is well known for its remarkable ability to regenerate after injuries. The regeneration is a complex and dynamic process that involves muscle stem cells (also called muscle satellite cells, MuSCs), fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), immune cells, and other muscle-resident cell populations. The MuSCs are the myogenic cell populaiton that contribute nuclei directly to the regenerated myofibers, while the other cell types collaboratively establish a microenvironment that facilitates myogenesis of MuSCs. The myogenic process includes activation, proliferation and differentiationof MuSCs, and subsequent fusion their descendent mononuclear myocytes into multinuclear myotubes. While the contributions of FAPs and immune cells to this microenvironment have been well studied, the influence of MuSCs on other cell types remains poorly understood. This review explores recent evidence supporting the potential role of MuSCs as immunomodulators during muscle regeneration, either through cytokine production or ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rex Xu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Victor V Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Stephanie N Oprescu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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5
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Jayash SN, Hamoudi D, Stephen LA, Argaw A, Huesa C, Joseph S, Wong SC, Frenette J, Farquharson C. Anti-RANKL Therapy Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Loss and Promotes Muscle Function in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:449-468. [PMID: 37470794 PMCID: PMC10516841 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and are recommended as standard of care. Targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) may have advantages in DMD by ameliorating dystrophic skeletal muscle function in addition to their bone anti-resorptive properties. However, the potential effects of anti-RANKL treatment upon discontinuation in GC-induced animal models of DMD are unknown and need further investigation prior to exploration in the clinical research setting. In the first study, the effects of anti-RANKL and deflazacort (DFZ) on dystrophic skeletal muscle function and bone microstructure were assessed in mdx mice treated with DFZ or anti-RANKL, or both for 8 weeks. Anti-RANKL and DFZ improved grip force performance of mdx mice but an additive effect was not noted. However, anti-RANKL but not DFZ improved ex vivo contractile properties of dystrophic muscles. This functional improvement was associated with a reduction in muscle damage and fibrosis, and inflammatory cell number. Anti-RANKL treatment, with or without DFZ, also improved trabecular bone structure of mdx mice. In a second study, intravenous zoledronate (Zol) administration (1 or 2 doses) following 2 months of discontinuation of anti-RANKL treatment was mostly required to record an improvement in bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in DFZ-treated mdx mice. In conclusion, the ability of anti-RANKL therapy to restore muscle function has profound implications for DMD patients as it offers the possibility of improving skeletal muscle function without the steroid-related skeletal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soher Nagi Jayash
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Dounia Hamoudi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Québec-Centre, Hospitalier de L’Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Louise A. Stephen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Québec-Centre, Hospitalier de L’Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Carmen Huesa
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shuko Joseph
- Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Child Health, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sze Choong Wong
- University of Glasgow/Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Child Health, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Québec-Centre, Hospitalier de L’Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
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6
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Mahon N, Glennon JC. The Bi-directional Relationship Between Sleep and Inflammation in Muscular Dystrophies: A Narrative Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105116. [PMID: 36870583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies vary in presentation and severity, but are associated with profound disability in many people. Although characterised by muscle weakness and wasting, there is also a very high prevalence of sleep problems and disorders which have significant impacts on quality of life in these individuals. There are no curative therapies for muscular dystrophies, with the only options for patients being supportive therapies to aid with symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic targets and a greater understanding of pathogenesis. Inflammation and altered immunity are factors which have prominent roles in some muscular dystrophies and emerging roles in others such as type 1 myotonic dystrophy, signifying a link to pathogenesis. Interestingly, there is also a strong link between inflammation/immunity and sleep. In this review, we will explore this link in the context of muscular dystrophies and how it may influence potential therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Mahon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Terrill JR, Huchet C, Le Guiner C, Lafoux A, Caudal D, Tulangekar A, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Sztal TE, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Muscle Pathology in Dystrophic Rats and Zebrafish Is Unresponsive to Taurine Treatment, Compared to the mdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020232. [PMID: 36837851 PMCID: PMC9963000 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are strongly implicated in the pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and the sulphur-containing amino acid taurine ameliorates both and decreases dystropathology in the mdx mouse model for DMD. We therefore further tested taurine as a therapy using dystrophic DMDmdx rats and dmd zebrafish models for DMD that have a more severe dystropathology. However, taurine treatment had little effect on the indices of dystropathology in both these models. While we and others have previously observed a deficiency in taurine in mdx mice, in the current study we show that the rat and zebrafish models had increased taurine content compared with wild-type, and taurine treatment did not increase muscle taurine levels. We therefore hypothesised that endogenous levels of taurine are a key determinate in potential taurine treatment efficacy. Because of this, we felt it important to measure taurine levels in DMD patient plasma samples and showed that in non-ambulant patients (but not in younger patients) there was a deficiency of taurine. These data suggest that taurine homeostasis varies greatly between species and may be influenced by age and disease progression. The potential for taurine to be an effective therapy may depend on such variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Corinne Huchet
- TaRGeT Lab, Translational Research for Gene Therapy, INSERM, UMR 1089, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, 440200 Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Le Guiner
- TaRGeT Lab, Translational Research for Gene Therapy, INSERM, UMR 1089, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, 440200 Nantes, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Nantes Université, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Dorian Caudal
- Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Nantes Université, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Ankita Tulangekar
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | | | - Tamar E. Sztal
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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8
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Tu H, Li YL. Inflammation balance in skeletal muscle damage and repair. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133355. [PMID: 36776867 PMCID: PMC9909416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Responding to tissue injury, skeletal muscles undergo the tissue destruction and reconstruction accompanied with inflammation. The immune system recognizes the molecules released from or exposed on the damaged tissue. In the local minor tissue damage, tissue-resident macrophages sequester pro-inflammatory debris to prevent initiation of inflammation. In most cases of the skeletal muscle injury, however, a cascade of inflammation will be initiated through activation of local macrophages and mast cells and recruitment of immune cells from blood circulation to the injured site by recongnization of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activated complement system. During the inflammation, macrophages and neutrophils scavenge the tissue debris to release inflammatory cytokines and the latter stimulates myoblast fusion and vascularization to promote injured muscle repair. On the other hand, an abundance of released inflammatory cytokines and chemokines causes the profound hyper-inflammation and mobilization of immune cells to trigger a vicious cycle and lead to the cytokine storm. The cytokine storm results in the elevation of cytolytic and cytotoxic molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the damaged muscle to aggravates the tissue injury, including the healthy bystander tissue. Severe inflammation in the skeletal muscle can lead to rhabdomyolysis and cause sepsis-like systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) and remote organ damage. Therefore, understanding more details on the involvement of inflammatory factors and immune cells in the skeletal muscle damage and repair can provide the new precise therapeutic strategies, including attenuation of the muscle damage and promotion of the muscle repair.
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9
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Riddell DO, Hildyard JCW, Harron RCM, Hornby NL, Wells DJ, Piercy RJ. Serum inflammatory cytokines as disease biomarkers in the DE50-MD dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:285901. [PMID: 36444978 PMCID: PMC9789403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle-wasting disease, caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, characterised by cycles of muscle degeneration, inflammation and regeneration. Recently, there has been renewed interest specifically in drugs that ameliorate muscle inflammation in DMD patients. The DE50-MD dog is a model of DMD that closely mimics the human DMD phenotype. We quantified inflammatory proteins in serum from wild-type (WT) and DE50-MD dogs aged 3-18 months to identify biomarkers for future pre-clinical trials. Significantly higher concentrations of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF or CSF2), keratinocyte chemotactic-like (KC-like, homologous to mouse CXCL1), TNFα (or TNF), and interleukins IL2, IL6, IL7, IL8 (CXCL8), IL10, IL15 and IL18 were detected in DE50-MD serum compared to WT serum. Of these, CCL2 best differentiated the two genotypes. The relative level of CCL2 mRNA was greater in the vastus lateralis muscle of DE50-MD dogs than in that of WT dogs, and CCL2 was expressed both within and at the periphery of damaged myofibres. Serum CCL2 concentration was significantly associated with acid phosphatase staining in vastus lateralis biopsy samples in DE50-MD dogs. In conclusion, the serum cytokine profile suggests that inflammation is a feature of the DE50-MD phenotype. Quantification of serum CCL2 in particular is a useful non-invasive biomarker of the DE50-MD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique O. Riddell
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - John C. W. Hildyard
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Rachel C. M. Harron
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Natasha L. Hornby
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Dominic J. Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Richard J. Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
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10
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Iwasaki T, Terrill JR, Kawarai K, Miyata Y, Tagami T, Maeda N, Hasegawa Y, Watanabe T, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. The location of protein oxidation in dystrophic skeletal muscle from the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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11
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Bouredji Z, Argaw A, Frenette J. The inflammatory response, a mixed blessing for muscle homeostasis and plasticity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1032450. [PMID: 36505042 PMCID: PMC9726740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1032450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle makes up almost half the body weight of heathy individuals and is involved in several vital functions, including breathing, thermogenesis, metabolism, and locomotion. Skeletal muscle exhibits enormous plasticity with its capacity to adapt to stimuli such as changes in mechanical loading, nutritional interventions, or environmental factors (oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine changes). Satellite cells and timely recruited inflammatory cells are key actors in muscle homeostasis, injury, and repair processes. Conversely, uncontrolled recruitment of inflammatory cells or chronic inflammatory processes leads to muscle atrophy, fibrosis and, ultimately, impairment of muscle function. Muscle atrophy and loss of function are reported to occur either in physiological situations such as aging, cast immobilization, and prolonged bed rest, as well as in many pathological situations, including cancers, muscular dystrophies, and several other chronic illnesses. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries with respect to the molecular mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy caused by modified mechanical loading, aging, and diseases. We also summarize current perspectives suggesting that the inflammatory process in muscle homeostasis and repair is a double-edged sword. Lastly, we review recent therapeutic approaches for treating muscle wasting disorders, with a focus on the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and its involvement in muscle inflammation, protection and regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Bouredji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada,Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Jérôme Frenette,
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12
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You Z, Huang X, Xiang Y, Dai J, Jiang J, Xu J. Molecular feature of neutrophils in immune microenvironment of muscle atrophy. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4658-4665. [PMID: 35899367 PMCID: PMC9443939 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in skeletal muscle is sustained by the balance of functional and physical interactions between muscle and myofibre microenvironment. Various factors, such as ageing, disuse and denervation, tip the balance and induce skeletal muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy, which involves complex physiological and biochemical changes, is accompanied by adverse outcomes and even increased mortality. Multiple studies have investigated the role of neutrophils in atrophied skeletal muscles; however, neutrophil intrusion in muscle is still a polemical knot. As technical obstacles have been overcome, people have gradually discovered new functions of neutrophils. The classical view of neutrophils is no longer applicable to their biological characteristics. To date, no clear association between the hidden injurious effect of neutrophil intrusion and muscle atrophy has been convincingly proven. Throughout this review, we have discussed the neutrophil activities that mediate muscle atrophy for distinct disease occurrences. Hopefully, this review will help both clinicians and researchers of skeletal muscle atrophy with relevant targets to further explore efficient medical interventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi You
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxi Dai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Alix JJP, Plesia M, Hool SA, Coldicott I, Kendall CA, Shaw PJ, Mead RJ, Day JC. Fibre optic Raman spectroscopy for the evaluation of disease state in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an assessment using the mdx model and human muscle. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:362-369. [PMID: 35762576 PMCID: PMC9541045 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/Aims Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technique for the evaluation of muscle disease. In this study we evaluate the ability of in vivo intramuscular Raman spectroscopy to detect the effects of voluntary running in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We also compare mdx data with muscle spectra from human DMD patients. Methods Thirty 90‐day‐old mdx mice were randomly allocated to an exercised group (48‐hour access to a running wheel) and an unexercised group (n = 15 per group). In vivo Raman spectra were collected from both gastrocnemius muscles and histopathological assessment subsequently performed. Raman data were analyzed using principal component analysis–fed linear discriminant analysis (PCA‐LDA). Exercised and unexercised mdx muscle spectra were compared with human DMD samples using cosine similarity. Results Exercised mice ran an average of 6.5 km over 48 hours, which induced a significant increase in muscle necrosis (P = .03). PCA‐LDA scores were significantly different between the exercised and unexercised groups (P < .0001) and correlated significantly with distance run (P = .01). Raman spectra from exercised mice more closely resembled human spectra than those from unexercised mice. Discussion Raman spectroscopy provides a readout of the biochemical alterations in muscle in both the mdx mouse and human DMD muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J P Alix
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield
| | - Maria Plesia
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield
| | - Sarah A Hool
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield
| | - Ian Coldicott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield
| | | | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield
| | - Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield
| | - John C Day
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol
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14
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Description of Osmolyte Pathways in Maturing Mdx Mice Reveals Altered Levels of Taurine and Sodium/Myo-Inositol Co-Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063251. [PMID: 35328671 PMCID: PMC8955384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Osmotic stress participates to DMD pathology and altered levels of osmolyte pathway members have been reported. The goal of this study was to gain insight in osmoregulatory changes in the mdx mouse model by examining the expression of osmolyte pathway members, including taurine transporter (TauT), sodium myo-inositol co-transporter (SMIT), betaine GABA transporter (BGT), and aldose reductase (AR) in the skeletal muscles and diaphragm of mdx mice aged 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. Necrosis was most prominent in 12 week-old mdx mice, whereas the amount of regenerated fibers increased until week 26 in the tibialis anterior. TauT protein levels were downregulated in the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius of 4 to 12 week-old mdx mice, but not in 26 week-old mice, whereas TauT levels in the diaphragm remained significantly lower in 26 week-old mdx mice. In contrast, SMIT protein levels were significantly higher in the muscles of mdx mice when compared to controls. Our study revealed differential regulation of osmolyte pathway members in mdx muscle, which points to their complex involvement in DMD pathogenesis going beyond general osmotic stress responses. These results highlight the potential of osmolyte pathway members as a research interest and future therapeutic target in dystrophinopathy.
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15
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Fang J, Feng C, Chen W, Hou P, Liu Z, Zuo M, Han Y, Xu C, Melino G, Verkhratsky A, Wang Y, Shao C, Shi Y. Redressing the interactions between stem cells and immune system in tissue regeneration. Biol Direct 2021; 16:18. [PMID: 34670590 PMCID: PMC8527311 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary regenerative capacity reflecting the rapid activation and effective differentiation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). In the course of muscle regeneration, MuSCs are reprogrammed by immune cells. In turn, MuSCs confer immune cells anti-inflammatory properties to resolve inflammation and facilitate tissue repair. Indeed, MuSCs can exert therapeutic effects on various degenerative and inflammatory disorders based on their immunoregulatory ability, including effects primed by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). At the molecular level, the tryptophan metabolites, kynurenine or kynurenic acid, produced by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), augment the expression of TNF-stimulated gene 6 (TSG6) through the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In addition, insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) produced by MuSCs can endow maturing macrophages oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent anti-inflammatory functions. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the immunomodulatory characteristics of MuSCs and the issues related to their potential applications in pathological conditions, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Wangwang Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Muqiu Zuo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyi Han
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chenchang Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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16
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The Immune System in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101447. [PMID: 34680564 PMCID: PMC8533196 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates the crosstalk between the immune system and the skeletal muscle in inflammatory muscle diseases and dystrophic conditions such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), as well as during normal muscle regeneration. The rising of inflammation and the consequent activation of the immune system are hallmarks of DMD: several efforts identified the immune cells that invade skeletal muscle as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Tregs, macrophages, eosinophils and natural killer T cells. The severity of muscle injury and inflammation dictates the impairment of muscle regeneration and the successive replacement of myofibers with connective and adipose tissue. Since immune system activation was traditionally considered as a consequence of muscular wasting, we recently demonstrated a defect in central tolerance caused by thymus alteration and the presence of autoreactive T-lymphocytes in DMD. Although the study of innate and adaptive immune responses and their complex relationship in DMD attracted the interest of many researchers in the last years, the results are so far barely exhaustive and sometimes contradictory. In this review, we describe the most recent improvements in the knowledge of immune system involvement in DMD pathogenesis, leading to new opportunities from a clinical point-of-view.
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17
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A Blood Biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Shows That Oxidation State of Albumin Correlates with Protein Oxidation and Damage in Mdx Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081241. [PMID: 34439489 PMCID: PMC8389308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked muscle wasting disease with no cure. While the precise mechanisms of progressive dystropathology remain unclear, oxidative stress caused by excessive generation of oxidants is strongly implicated. Blood biomarkers that could track oxidant levels in tissues would be valuable to measure the effectiveness of clinical treatments for DMD; our research has focused on developing such biomarkers. One target of oxidants that has the potential to be harnessed as a clinical biomarker is the thiol side chain of cysteine 34 (Cys34) of the blood protein albumin. This study using the mdx mouse model of DMD shows that in plasma, albumin Cys34 undergoes thiol oxidation and these changes correlate with levels of protein thiol oxidation and damage of the dystrophic muscles. A comparison with the commonly used biomarker protein carbonylation, confirmed that albumin thiol oxidation is the more sensitive plasma biomarker of oxidative stress occurring in muscle tissue. We show that plasma albumin oxidation reflects muscle dystropathology, as increased after exercise and decreased after taurine treatment of mdx mice. These data support the use of albumin thiol oxidation as a blood biomarker of dystropathology to assist with advancing clinical development of therapies for DMD.
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18
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Widner DB, Liu C, Zhao Q, Sharp S, Eber MR, Park SH, Files DC, Shiozawa Y. Activated mast cells in skeletal muscle can be a potential mediator for cancer-associated cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1079-1097. [PMID: 34008339 PMCID: PMC8350201 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eighty per cent of United States advanced cancer patients faces a worsened prognosis due to cancer-associated cachexia. Inflammation is one driver of muscle atrophy in cachexia, and skeletal muscle-resident immune cells could be a source of inflammation. This study explores the efficacy of cancer activated skeletal muscle-resident mast cells as a biomarker and mediator of cachexia. METHODS Individual gene markers for immune cells were assessed in a publicly available colon carcinoma cohort of normal (n = 3), moderate cachexia (n = 3), and severe cachexia (n = 4) mice. Lewis lung carcinoma (LL/2) cells induced cachexia in C57BL/6 mice, and a combination of toluidine blue staining, immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blots measured innate immune cell expression in hind limb muscles. In vitro measurements included C2C12 myotube diameter before and after treatment with media from primary murine mast cells activated with LL/2 conditioned media. To assess translational potential in human samples, innate immune cell signatures were assessed for correlation with skeletal muscle atrophy and apoptosis, dietary excess, and cachexia signatures in normal skeletal muscle tissue. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed with innate immune cell signatures in publicly available cohorts for upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients (accession: GSE34111 and GSE130563, respectively). RESULTS Individual innate immunity genes (TPSAB1 and CD68) showed significant increases in severe cachexia (weight loss > 15%) mice in a C26 cohort (GSE24112). Induction of cachexia in C57BL/6 mice with LL/2 subcutaneous injection significantly increased the number of activated skeletal muscle-resident degranulating mast cells. Murine mast cells activated with LL/2 conditioned media decreased C2C12 myotube diameter (P ≤ 0.05). Normal human skeletal muscle showed significant positive correlations between innate immune cell signatures and muscle apoptosis and atrophy, dietary excess, and cachexia signatures. The mast cell signature was up-regulated (positive normalized enrichment score and false discovery rate ≤ 0.1) in upper GI cachectic patients (n = 12) compared with control (n = 6), as well as in cachectic PDAC patients (n = 17) compared with control patients (n = 16). CONCLUSIONS Activated skeletal muscle-resident mast cells are enriched in cachectic muscles, suggesting skeletal-muscle resident mast cells may serve as a biomarker and mediator for cachexia development to improve patient diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brooke Widner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Internal Medicine-Sections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Sharp
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R Eber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sun H Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - D Clark Files
- Internal Medicine-Sections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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19
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Taetzsch T, Shapiro D, Eldosougi R, Myers T, Settlage RE, Valdez G. The microRNA miR-133b functions to slow Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathogenesis. J Physiol 2021; 599:171-192. [PMID: 32991751 PMCID: PMC8418193 DOI: 10.1113/jp280405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Impairment of muscle biogenesis contributes to the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). As a muscle enriched microRNA that has been implicated in muscle biogenesis, the role of miR-133b in DMD remains unknown. To assess miR-133b function in DMD-affected skeletal muscles, we genetically ablated miR-133b in the mdx mouse model of DMD. We show that deletion of miR-133b exacerbates the dystrophic phenotype of DMD-afflicted skeletal muscle by dysregulating muscle stem cells involved in muscle biogenesis, in addition to affecting signalling pathways related to inflammation and fibrosis. Our results provide evidence that miR-133b may underlie DMD pathology by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration. No treatments are currently available to prevent the disease. While the muscle enriched microRNA miR-133b has been implicated in muscle biogenesis, its role in DMD remains unknown. To assess miR-133b function in DMD-affected skeletal muscles, we genetically ablated miR-133b in the mdx mouse model of DMD. In the absence of miR-133b, the tibialis anterior muscle of P30 mdx mice is smaller in size and exhibits a thickened interstitial space containing more mononucleated cells. Additional analysis revealed that miR-133b deletion influences muscle fibre regeneration, satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, and induces widespread transcriptomic changes in mdx muscle. These include known miR-133b targets as well as genes involved in cell proliferation and fibrosis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that skeletal muscles utilize miR-133b to mitigate the deleterious effects of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Taetzsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dillon Shapiro
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Randa Eldosougi
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Tracey Myers
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | | | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, United States
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, United States
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20
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Gertz ML, Chin CR, Tomoiaga D, MacKay M, Chang C, Butler D, Afshinnekoo E, Bezdan D, Schmidt MA, Mozsary C, Melnick A, Garrett-Bakelman F, Crucian B, Lee SMC, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Meydan C, Mason CE. Multi-omic, Single-Cell, and Biochemical Profiles of Astronauts Guide Pharmacological Strategies for Returning to Gravity. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108429. [PMID: 33242408 PMCID: PMC9444344 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Twins Study created an integrative molecular profile of an astronaut during NASA’s first 1-year mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and included comparisons to an identical Earth-bound twin. The unique biochemical profiles observed when landing on Earth after such a long mission (e.g., spikes in interleukin-1 [IL-1]/6/10, c-reactive protein [CRP], C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2], IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) opened new questions about the human body’s response to gravity and how to plan for future astronauts, particularly around initiation or resolution of inflammation. Here, single-cell, multi-omic (100-plex epitope profile and gene expression) profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed changes to blood cell composition and gene expression post-flight, specifically for monocytes and dendritic cell precursors. These were consistent with flight-induced cytokine and immune system stress, followed by skeletal muscle regeneration in response to gravity. Finally, we examined these profiles relative to 6-month missions in 28 other astronauts and detail potential pharmacological interventions for returning to gravity in future missions. Gertz et al. present a re-analysis of the landing data from the NASA Twins Study, suggesting that the biochemical signature reflects muscle regeneration after atrophy rather than a detrimental inflammatory response. This is mediated through muscle-derived IL-6 anti-inflammatory cascades. Single-cell analysis supports this role. Potential pharmacological interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Gertz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Delia Tomoiaga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Becton Dickinson & Co., Washington, DC 20001
| | | | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ebrahim Afshinnekoo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Christopher Mozsary
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Francine Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brian Crucian
- Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | | | - Sara R Zwart
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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21
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Liu L, Broszczak DA, Broadbent JA, Singh DP, Steck R, Parker TJ, Peake JM. Comparative label-free mass spectrometric analysis of temporal changes in the skeletal muscle proteome after impact trauma in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E1022-E1037. [PMID: 32255681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00433.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics offers the opportunity to identify and quantify many proteins and to explore how they correlate and interact with each other in biological networks. This study aimed to characterize changes in the muscle proteome during the destruction, repair, and early-remodeling phases after impact trauma in male Wistar rats. Muscle tissue was collected from uninjured control rats and rats that were euthanized between 6 h and 14 days after impact injury. Muscle tissue was analyzed using unbiased, data-independent acquisition LC-MS/MS. We identified 770 reviewed proteins in the muscle tissue, 296 of which were differentially abundant between the control and injury groups (P ≤ 0.05). Around 50 proteins showed large differences (≥10-fold) or a distinct pattern of abundance after injury. These included proteins that have not been identified previously in injured muscle, such as ferritin light chain 1, fibrinogen γ-chain, fibrinogen β-chain, osteolectin, murinoglobulin-1, T-kininogen 2, calcium-regulated heat-stable protein 1, macrophage-capping protein, retinoid-inducible serine carboxypeptidase, ADP-ribosylation factor 4, Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein, and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 1. Some proteins increased between 6 h and 14 days, whereas other proteins increased in a more delayed pattern at 7 days after injury. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that various biological processes, including regulation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, regulation of wound healing, tissue regeneration, acute inflammatory response, and negative regulation of the immune effector process, were enriched in injured muscle tissue. This study advances the understanding of early muscle healing after muscle injury and lays a foundation for future mechanistic studies on interventions to treat muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel A Broszczak
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Daniel P Singh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roland Steck
- Queensland University of Technology, Medical Engineering Research Facility, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tony J Parker
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Grounds MD, Terrill JR, Al-Mshhdani BA, Duong MN, Radley-Crabb HG, Arthur PG. Biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: myonecrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/2/dmm043638. [PMID: 32224496 PMCID: PMC7063669 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked disease that causes severe loss of muscle mass and function in young children. Promising therapies for DMD are being developed, but the long lead times required when using clinical outcome measures are hindering progress. This progress would be facilitated by robust molecular biomarkers in biofluids, such as blood and urine, which could be used to monitor disease progression and severity, as well as to determine optimal drug dosing before a full clinical trial. Many candidate DMD biomarkers have been identified, but there have been few follow-up studies to validate them. This Review describes the promising biomarkers for dystrophic muscle that have been identified in muscle, mainly using animal models. We strongly focus on myonecrosis and the associated inflammation and oxidative stress in DMD muscle, as the lack of dystrophin causes repeated bouts of myonecrosis, which are the key events that initiate the resultant severe dystropathology. We discuss the early events of intrinsic myonecrosis, along with early regeneration in the context of histological and other measures that are used to quantify its incidence. Molecular biomarkers linked to the closely associated events of inflammation and oxidative damage are discussed, with a focus on research related to protein thiol oxidation and to neutrophils. We summarise data linked to myonecrosis in muscle, blood and urine of dystrophic animal species, and discuss the challenge of translating such biomarkers to the clinic for DMD patients, especially to enhance the success of clinical trials. Summary: This Review discusses biomarkers in blood and urine linked to myonecrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, to enhance development of therapies for DMD, and the challenges to be overcome for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jessica R Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Basma A Al-Mshhdani
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marisa N Duong
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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23
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Howard EE, Pasiakos SM, Blesso CN, Fussell MA, Rodriguez NR. Divergent Roles of Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle Recovery From Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32116792 PMCID: PMC7031348 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A transient increase in local pro-inflammatory cytokine expression following skeletal muscle injury mediates the repair and regeneration of damaged myofibers through myogenesis. Regenerative capacity is diminished and muscle wasting occurs, however, when intramuscular inflammatory signaling is exceedingly high or persists chronically. An excessive and persistent inflammatory response to muscle injury may therefore impair recovery by limiting the repair of damaged tissue and triggering muscle atrophy. The concentration-dependent activation of different downstream signaling pathways by several pro-inflammatory cytokines in cell and animal models support these opposing roles of post-injury inflammation. Understanding these molecular pathways is essential in developing therapeutic strategies to attenuate excessive inflammation and accelerate functional recovery and muscle mass accretion following muscle damage. This is especially relevant given the observation that basal levels of intramuscular inflammation and the inflammatory response to muscle damage are not uniform across all populations, suggesting certain individuals may be more susceptible to an excessive inflammatory response to injury that limits recovery. This narrative review explores the opposing roles of intramuscular inflammation in muscle regeneration and muscle protein turnover. Factors contributing to an exceedingly high inflammatory response to damage and age-related impairments in regenerative capacity are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Howard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Maya A Fussell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nancy R Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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24
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Chen J, Yoon SH, Grynpas MD, Mitchell J. Pre-treatment with Pamidronate Improves Bone Mechanical Properties in Mdx Mice Treated with Glucocorticoids. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:182-192. [PMID: 30302533 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease of progressive muscle deterioration and weakness. Patients with DMD have poor bone health which is partly due to treatment with glucocorticoids, a standard therapy to prolong muscle function that also induces bone loss. Bisphosphonates are used to treat adults at risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis but are not currently used in DMD patients until after they sustain fractures. In this study, C57BL/10ScSn-mdx mice, a commonly used DMD animal model, received continuous glucocorticoid, prednisone treatment (0.083 mg/day) from 5 to 10 weeks of age. Pre-treatment with the bisphosphonate pamidronate started at 4 weeks of age over a period of 2 weeks or 6 weeks (cumulative dose 8 mg/kg for both) to assess the effectiveness of the two dosing regimens in ameliorating glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. Mdx mice treated with prednisone had improved muscle function that was not changed by pamidronate treatment. Glucocorticoid treatment caused cortical bone loss and decreased cortical bone strength. Both 2 and 6 week pamidronate treatment increased cortical thickness and bone area compared to prednisone-treated Mdx mice, however, only 2 week pamidronate treatment improved the strength of cortical bone compared to that of glucocorticoid-treated Mdx mice. In the trabecular bone, both pamidronate treatments significantly increased the amount of bone, and increased the ultimate load but not the energy to fail. These results highlight the importance of when and how much bisphosphonate is administered prior to glucocorticoid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc D Grynpas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 4342, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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25
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Hermes TDA, Kido LA, Macedo AB, Mizobuti DS, Moraes LHR, Somazz MC, Cagnon VHA, Minatel E. Sex influences diaphragm muscle response in exercised mdx mice. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1611-1621. [PMID: 30238549 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes increased muscle damage in the mdx mice, the experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Studies suggest that the estrogen level in females makes them less susceptible to muscle injuries. The aim of this study was to characterize the diaphragm (DIA) muscle response to physical exercise in male and female mdx mice. The animals were divided into four groups: female sedentary mdx; male sedentary mdx; female mdx submitted to exercise; and male mdx mice submitted to exercise. Blood samples were used to determine creatine kinase (CK). Regenerated muscle fibers were indicated by the presence of central nucleus and also inflammation areas were determined in DIA muscle sections. The alpha and beta estrogen receptors (ER) were determined by means of immunohistochemistry evaluation in the dystrophic DIA muscle. Male mdx animals submitted to exercise showed increased CK levels and inflammatory area. The quantification of regenerated fibers was higher in male animals, submitted or not to physical exercise. Greater alpha and beta ER expression was verified in the females submitted to exercise in the DIA muscle than in the other experimental groups. Therefore, estrogen may have contributed to the prevention of increased inflammatory process and DIA injury in females submitted to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio de Almeida Hermes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,Centro Regional Universitário de Espírito Santo do Pinhal (UNIPINHAL), Espírito Santo do Pinhal, São Paulo 13990-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Macedo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela Sayuri Mizobuti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rapucci Moraes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Cesar Somazz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,Centro Regional Universitário de Espírito Santo do Pinhal (UNIPINHAL), Espírito Santo do Pinhal, São Paulo 13990-000, Brazil
| | - Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Elaine Minatel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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26
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Abstract
The immune response to acute muscle damage is important for normal repair. However, in chronic diseases such as many muscular dystrophies, the immune response can amplify pathology and play a major role in determining disease severity. Muscular dystrophies are inheritable diseases that vary tremendously in severity, but share the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that can be debilitating and lethal. Mutations in diverse genes cause muscular dystrophy, including genes that encode proteins that maintain membrane strength, participate in membrane repair, or are components of the extracellular matrix or the nuclear envelope. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that an important feature of many muscular dystrophies is an immune response adapted to acute, infrequent muscle damage that is misapplied in the context of chronic injury. We discuss the involvement of the immune system in the most common muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and show that the immune system influences muscle death and fibrosis as disease progresses. We then present information on immune cell function in other muscular dystrophies and show that for many muscular dystrophies, release of cytosolic proteins into the extracellular space may provide an initial signal, leading to an immune response that is typically dominated by macrophages, neutrophils, helper T-lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Although those features are similar in many muscular dystrophies, each muscular dystrophy shows distinguishing features in the magnitude and type of inflammatory response. These differences indicate that there are disease-specific immunomodulatory molecules that determine response to muscle cell damage caused by diverse genetic mutations. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1313-1356, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven S. Welc
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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27
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Sun KT, Cheung KK, Au SWN, Yeung SS, Yeung EW. Overexpression of Mechano-Growth Factor Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Resolution in Skeletal Muscle Injury. Front Physiol 2018; 9:999. [PMID: 30140235 PMCID: PMC6094977 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In muscle regeneration, infiltrating myeloid cells, such as macrophages mediate muscle inflammation by releasing key soluble factors. One such factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression and mediates macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory phenotype during muscle injury. Previously the IGF-1Ea isoform was shown to be anti-inflammatory. Another isoform of IGF-1, mechano-growth factor (MGF), is structurally and functionally distinct from IGF-1Ea, but its role in muscle inflammation has not yet been characterized. In this study, we hypothesized that MGF expression in muscle injury modulates muscle inflammation. We first investigated changes of transcription and expression of MGF in response to skeletal muscle injury induced by cardiotoxin (CTX) in vivo. At 1–2 days post-injury, Mgf expression was significantly upregulated and positively correlated with that of inflammatory cytokines. Immunostaining revealed that infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages coincided with Mgf upregulation. Furthermore, infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages expressed Mgf, suggesting their contribution to MGF upregulation in muscle injury. Macrophages seem to be the predominant source of MGF in muscle injury, whereas neutrophil depletion did not affect muscle Mgf expression. Given the association of MGF and macrophages, we then studied whether MGF could affect macrophage infiltration and polarization. To test this, we overexpressed MGF in CTX-injured muscles and evaluated inflammatory marker expression, macrophage populations, and muscle regeneration outcomes. MGF overexpression delayed the resolution of macrophages, particularly the pro-inflammatory phenotype. This coincided with upregulation of inflammatory markers. Annexin V-based flow cytometry revealed that MGF overexpression likely delays macrophage resolution by limiting macrophage apoptosis. Although MGF overexpression did not obviously affect muscle regeneration outcomes, the findings are novel and provide insights on the physiological roles of MGF in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Ting Sun
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Kuen Cheung
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shannon W N Au
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Simon S Yeung
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ella W Yeung
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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28
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Yang W, Hu P. Skeletal muscle regeneration is modulated by inflammation. J Orthop Translat 2018; 13:25-32. [PMID: 29662788 PMCID: PMC5892385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process orchestrated by multiple steps. Recent findings indicate that inflammatory responses could play central roles in bridging initial muscle injury responses and timely muscle injury reparation. The various types of immune cells and cytokines have crucial roles in muscle regeneration process. In this review, we briefly summarise the functions of acute inflammation in muscle regeneration. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE Immune system is closely relevant to the muscle regeneration. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation in muscle regeneration is therefore critical for the development of effective regenerative, and therapeutic strategies in muscular disorders. This review provides information for muscle regeneration research regarding the effects of inflammation on muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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29
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Hierarchical signaling transduction of the immune and muscle cell crosstalk in muscle regeneration. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:2-7. [PMID: 28867121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The muscle regeneration is a complicated bioprocess that involved in many cell types, including necrotic muscle cells, satellite cells, mesenchymal cells, pericytes, immune cells, and other cell types present at the injury site. Immune cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses regulate the progress of muscle regeneration. In this review, we discussed the roles of different immune cells in muscle regeneration. The immune cells regulate muscle regeneration through cytokine production, cell-cell contacts, and general immune environment regulation. We also describe the current known mechanism of how immune cells regulating muscle regeneration.
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30
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Woodman KG, Coles CA, Lamandé SR, White JD. Nutraceuticals and Their Potential to Treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Separating the Credible from the Conjecture. Nutrients 2016; 8:E713. [PMID: 27834844 PMCID: PMC5133099 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, complementary and alternative medicine has become increasingly popular. This trend has not escaped the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy community with one study showing that 80% of caregivers have provided their Duchenne patients with complementary and alternative medicine in conjunction with their traditional treatments. These statistics are concerning given that many supplements are taken based on purely "anecdotal" evidence. Many nutraceuticals are thought to have anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant effects. Given that dystrophic pathology is exacerbated by inflammation and oxidative stress these nutraceuticals could have some therapeutic benefit for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This review gathers and evaluates the peer-reviewed scientific studies that have used nutraceuticals in clinical or pre-clinical trials for DMD and thus separates the credible from the conjecture.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/adverse effects
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Biomedical Research/methods
- Biomedical Research/trends
- Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects
- Dietary Supplements/adverse effects
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Humans
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diet therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Peer Review, Research/methods
- Peer Review, Research/trends
- Reproducibility of Results
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- Keryn G Woodman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia.
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Chantal A Coles
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - Shireen R Lamandé
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia.
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Jason D White
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia.
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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31
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Takeda S, Okada T. Inflammatory predisposition predicts disease phenotypes in muscular dystrophy. Inflamm Regen 2016; 36:14. [PMID: 29259687 PMCID: PMC5725653 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-016-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an incurable genetic disease that presents with skeletal muscle weakness and chronic inflammation and is associated with early mortality. Indeed, immune cell infiltration into the skeletal muscle is a notable feature of the disease pathophysiology and is strongly associated with disease severity. Interleukin (IL)-10 regulates inflammatory immune responses by reducing both M1 macrophage activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby promoting the activation of the M2 macrophage phenotype. We previously reported that genetic ablation of IL-10 in dystrophic mice resulted in more severe phenotypes, in regard to heart and respiratory function, as evidenced by increased macrophage infiltration, high levels of inflammatory factors in the muscle, and progressive cardiorespiratory dysfunction. These data therefore indicate that IL-10 comprises an essential immune-modulator within dystrophic muscles. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy and discuss how an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Dufresne SS, Frenette J, Dumont NA. [Inflammation and muscle regeneration, a double-edged sword]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:591-7. [PMID: 27406769 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163206022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle injuries are very frequent and are associated with an inflammatory reaction that varies in intensity. Classically the inflammatory process was considered harmful for muscle regeneration and anti-inflammatory agents are still part of a conventional therapy. Over the last decades, it has been demonstrated under some conditions that the inflammatory response could be detrimental for the musculoskeletal tissue. However, accumulating evidence indicate that controlled and efficient inflammatory response is necessary for an optimal muscle recovery. Among the resident and infiltrating leukocytes that participate into the inflammatory process, macrophages play a critical role in muscle regeneration due to their ability to switch from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes depending on their microenvironment. The present review synthesizes the recent advances regarding the interactions of the different infiltrating and resident leukocytes on myogenic cell function and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien S Dufresne
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, G1V4G2 Québec, QC, Canada - Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, G1V4G2 Québec, QC, Canada - Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine. Montréal, QC, Canada - École de réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 7077 avenue du Parc Montréal, H3N 1X7 Montréal QC, Canada
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33
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Rosenberg AS, Puig M, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP, Villalta SA, Rao VA, Wakefield LM, Woodcock J. Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:299rv4. [PMID: 26246170 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunological and inflammatory processes downstream of dystrophin deficiency as well as metabolic abnormalities, defective autophagy, and loss of regenerative capacity all contribute to muscle pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). These downstream cascades offer potential avenues for pharmacological intervention. Modulating the inflammatory response and inducing immunological tolerance to de novo dystrophin expression will be critical to the success of dystrophin-replacement therapies. This Review focuses on the role of the inflammatory response in DMD pathogenesis and opportunities for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Rosenberg
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Montserrat Puig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - V Ashutosh Rao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4032A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Janet Woodcock
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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34
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Domingues-Faria C, Vasson MP, Goncalves-Mendes N, Boirie Y, Walrand S. Skeletal muscle regeneration and impact of aging and nutrition. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:22-36. [PMID: 26690801 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After skeletal muscle injury a regeneration process takes place to repair muscle. Skeletal muscle recovery is a highly coordinated process involving cross-talk between immune and muscle cells. It is well known that the physiological activities of both immune cells and muscle stem cells decline with advancing age, thereby blunting the capacity of skeletal muscle to regenerate. The age-related reduction in muscle repair efficiency contributes to the development of sarcopenia, one of the most important factors of disability in elderly people. Preserving muscle regeneration capacity may slow the development of this syndrome. In this context, nutrition has drawn much attention: studies have demonstrated that nutrients such as amino acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamin D can improve skeletal muscle regeneration by targeting key functions of immune cells, muscle cells or both. Here we review the process of skeletal muscle regeneration with a special focus on the cross-talk between immune and muscle cells. We address the effect of aging on immune and skeletal muscle cells involved in muscle regeneration. Finally, the mechanisms of nutrient action on muscle regeneration are described, showing that quality of nutrition may help to preserve the capacity for skeletal muscle regeneration with age.
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35
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Cardoso ESB, Santana TA, Diniz PBF, Montalvão MM, Bani CC, Thomazzi SM. Thymol accelerates the recovery of the skeletal muscle of mice injured with cardiotoxin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:352-60. [PMID: 26817998 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of thymol in in vivo muscle inflammation and regeneration on cardiotoxin-induced injury. METHODS Mice were pretreated (p.o.) with thymol (10-100 mg/kg), and after 1 h, cardiotoxin (25 μM, 40 μl) was administrated into the gastrocnemius muscle. The quantification of the areas of inflammation and regeneration of muscle tissue (3, 7 and 10 days) in HE-stained slides as well as the count of total mast cells and different phenotypes of mast cells were made. Sirius red staining was used to analyse total collagen expression. KEY FINDINGS The pretreatment with thymol significantly reduced the area of inflammation (30 and 100 mg/kg) and increased the area of regeneration (100 mg/kg) 3 days after the cardiotoxin injection. Thymol at 30 and 100 mg/kg increased the area of collagen in 3 days and also decreased this area in 7 and 10 days, compared to the injured group. The pretreatment with thymol did not affect the number of total mast cells; however, it was able to change the number of mucosal mast cells within 10 days. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that thymol ameliorates inflammatory response and accelerates regeneration in cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eroneide S B Cardoso
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tayse A Santana
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Monalisa M Montalvão
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Bani
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sara M Thomazzi
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Tjondrokoesoemo A, Schips T, Kanisicak O, Sargent MA, Molkentin JD. Genetic overexpression of Serpina3n attenuates muscular dystrophy in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1192-202. [PMID: 26744329 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is associated with mutations in genes that stabilize the myofiber plasma membrane, such as through the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Instability of this complex or defects in membrane repair/integrity leads to calcium influx and myofiber necrosis leading to progressive dystrophic disease. MD pathogenesis is also associated with increased skeletal muscle protease levels and activity that could augment weakening of the sarcolemma through greater degradation of cellular attachment complexes. Here, we observed a compensatory increase in the serine protease inhibitor Serpina3n in mouse models of MD and after acute muscle tissue injury. Serpina3n muscle-specific transgenic mice were generated to model this increase in expression, which reduced the activity of select proteases in dystrophic skeletal muscle and protected muscle from both acute injury with cardiotoxin and from chronic muscle disease in the mdx or Sgcd(-/-) MD genetic backgrounds. The Serpina3n transgene mitigated muscle degeneration and fibrosis, reduced creatine kinase serum levels, restored running capacity on a treadmill and reduced muscle membrane leakiness in vivo that is characteristic of mdx and Sgcd(-/-) mice. Mechanistically, we show that increased Serpina3n promotes greater sarcolemma membrane integrity and stability in dystrophic mouse models in association with increased membrane residence of the integrins, the DGC/utrophin-glycoprotein complex of proteins and annexin A1. Hence, Serpina3n blocks endogenous increases in the activity of select skeletal muscle resident proteases during injury or dystrophic disease, which stabilizes the sarcolemma leading to less myofiber degeneration and increased regeneration. These results suggest the use of select protease inhibitors as a strategy for treating MD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and
| | | | | | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC7020, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Kozakowska M, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. The role of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle injury and regeneration: focus on antioxidant enzymes. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2016; 36:377-93. [PMID: 26728750 PMCID: PMC4762917 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in skeletal muscle both during the rest and contractile activity. Myogenic cells are equipped with antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and heme oxygenase-1. These enzymes not only neutralise excessive ROS, but also affect myogenic regeneration at several stages: influence post-injury inflammatory reaction, enhance viability and proliferation of muscle satellite cells and myoblasts and affect their differentiation. Finally, antioxidant enzymes regulate also processes accompanying muscle regeneration-induce angiogenesis and reduce fibrosis. Elevated ROS production was also observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a disease characterised by degeneration of muscle tissue and therefore-increased rate of myogenic regeneration. Antioxidant enzymes are consequently considered as target for therapies counteracting dystrophic symptoms. In this review we present current knowledge regarding the role of oxidative stress and systems of enzymatic antioxidant defence in muscular regeneration after both acute injury and persistent muscular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kozakowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Pietraszek-Gremplewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland. .,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Vohra RS, Mathur S, Bryant ND, Forbes SC, Vandenborne K, Walter GA. Age-related T2 changes in hindlimb muscles of mdx mice. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:84-90. [PMID: 25846867 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor changes in the transverse relaxation time constant (T2) in lower hindlimb muscles of mdx mice at different ages. METHODS Young (5 weeks), adult (44 weeks), and old mdx (96 weeks), and age-matched control mice were studied. Young mdx mice were imaged longitudinally, whereas adult and old mdx mice were imaged at a single time-point. RESULTS Mean muscle T2 and percent of pixels with elevated T2 were significantly different between mdx and control mice at all ages. In young mdx mice, mean muscle T2 peaked at 7-8 weeks and declined at 9-11 weeks. In old mdx mice, mean muscle T2 was decreased compared with young and adult mice, which could be attributed to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS MRI captured longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle integrity of mdx mice. This information will be valuable for pre-clinical testing of potential therapeutic interventions for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet S Vohra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan D Bryant
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
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Pelosi L, Berardinelli MG, De Pasquale L, Nicoletti C, D'Amico A, Carvello F, Moneta GM, Catizone A, Bertini E, De Benedetti F, Musarò A. Functional and Morphological Improvement of Dystrophic Muscle by Interleukin 6 Receptor Blockade. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:285-93. [PMID: 26137572 PMCID: PMC4485902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory agents glucocorticoids (GC) are the only available treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, long-term GC treatment causes muscle atrophy and wasting. Thus, targeting specific mediator of inflammatory response may be more specific, more efficacious, and with fewer side effects. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 is overproduced in patients with DMD and in the muscle of mdx, the animal model for human DMD. We tested the ability of inhibition of IL6 activity, using an interleukin-6 receptor (Il6r) neutralizing antibody, to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype. Blockade of endogenous Il6r conferred on dystrophic muscle resistance to degeneration and alleviated both morphological and functional consequences of the primary genetic defect. Pharmacological inhibition of IL6 activity leaded to changes in the dystrophic muscle environment, favoring anti-inflammatory responses and improvement in muscle repair. This resulted in a functional homeostatic maintenance of dystrophic muscle. These data provide an alternative pharmacological strategy for treatment of DMD and circumvent the major problems associated with conventional therapy. Inhibition of IL6 activity leads to changes in the dystrophic muscle environment. IL6R neutralizing antibody ameliorates the dystrophic phenotype. IL6 blockade counters muscle decline in mdx mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Homeostasis
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/pathology
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscles/pathology
- Muscles/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/blood
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/blood
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Necrosis
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pelosi
- Institute Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Berardinelli
- Institute Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Institute Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Francesco Carvello
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Moneta
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- Institute Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome 00100, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Musarò
- Institute Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Via A. Scarpa, 14, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Kornegay JN, Spurney CF, Nghiem PP, Brinkmeyer-Langford CL, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Pharmacologic management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: target identification and preclinical trials. ILAR J 2015; 55:119-49. [PMID: 24936034 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilu011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked human disorder in which absence of the protein dystrophin causes degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle. For the sake of treatment development, over and above definitive genetic and cell-based therapies, there is considerable interest in drugs that target downstream disease mechanisms. Drug candidates have typically been chosen based on the nature of pathologic lesions and presumed underlying mechanisms and then tested in animal models. Mammalian dystrophinopathies have been characterized in mice (mdx mouse) and dogs (golden retriever muscular dystrophy [GRMD]). Despite promising results in the mdx mouse, some therapies have not shown efficacy in DMD. Although the GRMD model offers a higher hurdle for translation, dogs have primarily been used to test genetic and cellular therapies where there is greater risk. Failed translation of animal studies to DMD raises questions about the propriety of methods and models used to identify drug targets and test efficacy of pharmacologic intervention. The mdx mouse and GRMD dog are genetically homologous to DMD but not necessarily analogous. Subcellular species differences are undoubtedly magnified at the whole-body level in clinical trials. This problem is compounded by disparate cultures in clinical trials and preclinical studies, pointing to a need for greater rigor and transparency in animal experiments. Molecular assays such as mRNA arrays and genome-wide association studies allow identification of genetic drug targets more closely tied to disease pathogenesis. Genes in which polymorphisms have been directly linked to DMD disease progression, as with osteopontin, are particularly attractive targets.
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Knight MI, Tester AM, McDonagh MB, Brown A, Cottrell J, Wang J, Hobman P, Cocks BG. Milk-derived ribonuclease 5 preparations induce myogenic differentiation in vitro and muscle growth in vivo. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7325-33. [PMID: 25282415 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease 5, also known as angiogenin, is a stable and abundant ribonuclease in milk whey protein, which is able to regulate several cellular functions, including capillary formation, neuron survival, and epithelial cell growth. Ribonuclease 5 is important for protein synthesis directly stimulating rRNA synthesis in the nucleolus. Here, we show that biologically active RNase5 can be purified from bovine milk. Furthermore, we show that milk-derived RNase5 directly stimulates muscle cell differentiation in vitro, inducing C2C12 cell differentiation and myogenesis. When supplemented into the diet of healthy adult mice, milk-derived RNase5 preparations promoted muscle weight gain and grip strength. Collectively, these data indicate that milk-derived RNase5 preparations exhibit a novel role in skeletal muscle cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Knight
- Biosciences Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083; Agriculture Research and Development, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 915 Mt Napier Road, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia, 3300
| | - Angus M Tester
- Biosciences Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083
| | - Matthew B McDonagh
- Biosciences Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083; Agriculture Research and Development, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 915 Mt Napier Road, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia, 3300
| | - Andrew Brown
- Murray Goulburn Co-operative Limited, 140 Dawson Street, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia, 3056
| | - Jeremy Cottrell
- Biosciences Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083
| | - Jianghui Wang
- Biosciences Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083
| | - Peter Hobman
- Murray Goulburn Co-operative Limited, 140 Dawson Street, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia, 3056
| | - Benjamin G Cocks
- Biosciences Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083; La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3086.
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Stem cell transplantation for muscular dystrophy: the challenge of immune response. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:964010. [PMID: 25054157 PMCID: PMC4098613 DOI: 10.1155/2014/964010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Treating muscle disorders poses several challenges to the rapidly evolving field of regenerative medicine. Considerable progress has been made in isolating, characterizing, and expanding myogenic stem cells and, although we are now envisaging strategies to generate very large numbers of transplantable cells (e.g., by differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells), limitations directly linked to the interaction between transplanted cells and the host will continue to hamper a successful outcome. Among these limitations, host inflammatory and immune responses challenge the critical phases after cell delivery, including engraftment, migration, and differentiation. Therefore, it is key to study the mechanisms and dynamics that impair the efficacy of cell transplants in order to develop strategies that can ultimately improve the outcome of allogeneic and autologous stem cell therapies, in particular for severe disease such as muscular dystrophies. In this review we provide an overview of the main players and issues involved in this process and discuss potential approaches that might be beneficial for future regenerative therapies of skeletal muscle.
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From innate to adaptive immune response in muscular dystrophies and skeletal muscle regeneration: the role of lymphocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:438675. [PMID: 25028653 PMCID: PMC4083765 DOI: 10.1155/2014/438675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is able to restore contractile functionality after injury thanks to its ability to regenerate. Following muscle necrosis, debris is removed by macrophages, and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), the muscle stem cells, are activated and subsequently proliferate, migrate, and form muscle fibers restoring muscle functionality. In most muscle dystrophies (MDs), MuSCs fail to properly proliferate, differentiate, or replenish the stem cell compartment, leading to fibrotic deposition. However, besides MuSCs, interstitial nonmyogenic cells and inflammatory cells also play a key role in orchestrating muscle repair. A complete understanding of the complexity of these mechanisms should allow the design of interventions to attenuate MDs pathology without disrupting regenerative processes. In this review we will focus on the contribution of immune cells in the onset and progression of MDs, with particular emphasis on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We will briefly summarize the current knowledge and recent advances made in our understanding of the involvement of different innate immune cells in MDs and will move on to critically evaluate the possible role of cell populations within the acquired immune response. Revisiting previous observations in the light of recent evidence will likely change our current view of the onset and progression of the disease.
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Hayashita-Kinoh H, Chiyo T, Nishiyama A, Okada H, Takeda S, Okada T. Dystrophic mdx mice develop severe cardiac and respiratory dysfunction following genetic ablation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3990-4000. [PMID: 24659498 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disease that causes respiratory and cardiac failure. Inflammation is a key pathological characteristic of dystrophic muscle lesion formation, but its role and regulation in the disease time course has not been sufficiently examined. In the present study, we used IL-10(-/-)/mdx mice lacking both dystrophin and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), to investigate whether a predisposition to inflammation affects the severity of DMD with advancing age. The IL-10 deficiency caused a profound DMD phenotype in the dystrophic heart such as muscle degeneration and extensive myofiber loss, but the limb muscle and diaphragm morphology of IL-10(-/) (-)/mdx mice was similar to that of mdx mice. Extensive infiltrates of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in regeneration of cardiotoxin-injured muscle, altered M1/M2 macrophage phenotype and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines production were observed in the diaphragm and heart of IL-10(-/-)/mdx mice. We characterized the IL-10(-/-)/mdx mice as a dystrophic model with chronic inflammation and severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased percent fractional shortening (%FS) and ejection fraction percent (EF%) on echocardiography, reduced lower tidal volume on whole-body plethysmography. This study suggests that a predisposition to inflammation is an important indicator of DMD disease progression. Therefore, the development of anti-inflammatory strategies may help in slowing down the cardiorespiratory dysfunction on DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hayashita-Kinoh
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Chiyo
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyo Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Okada
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Takeda S, Okada T. Cell therapeutic approaches using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for muscular dystrophy. Inflamm Regen 2014. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.34.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Huynh T, Uaesoontrachoon K, Quinn JL, Tatem KS, Heier CR, Van Der Meulen JH, Yu Q, Harris M, Nolan CJ, Haegeman G, Grounds MD, Nagaraju K. Selective modulation through the glucocorticoid receptor ameliorates muscle pathology in mdx mice. J Pathol 2013; 231:223-35. [PMID: 23794417 DOI: 10.1002/path.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The over-expression of NF-κB signalling in both muscle and immune cells contribute to the pathology in dystrophic muscle. The anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids, mediated predominantly through monomeric glucocorticoid receptor inhibition of transcription factors such as NF-κB (transrepression), are postulated to be an important mechanism for their beneficial effects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chronic glucocorticoid therapy is associated with adverse effects on metabolism, growth, bone mineral density and the maintenance of muscle mass. These detrimental effects result from direct glucocorticoid receptor homodimer interactions with glucocorticoid response elements of the relevant genes. Compound A, a non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator, is capable of transrepression without transactivation. We confirm the in vitro NF-κB inhibitory activity of compound A in H-2K(b) -tsA58 mdx myoblasts and myotubes, and demonstrate improvements in disease phenotype of dystrophin deficient mdx mice. Compound A treatment in mdx mice from 18 days of post-natal age to 8 weeks of age increased the absolute and normalized forelimb and hindlimb grip strength, attenuated cathepsin-B enzyme activity (a surrogate marker for inflammation) in forelimb and hindlimb muscles, decreased serum creatine kinase levels and reduced IL-6, CCL2, IFNγ, TNF and IL-12p70 cytokine levels in gastrocnemius (GA) muscles. Compared with compound A, treatment with prednisolone, a classical glucocorticoid, in both wild-type and mdx mice was associated with reduced body weight, reduced GA, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscle mass and shorter tibial lengths. Prednisolone increased osteopontin (Spp1) gene expression and osteopontin protein levels in the GA muscles of mdx mice and had less favourable effects on the expression of Foxo1, Foxo3, Fbxo32, Trim63, Mstn and Igf1 in GA muscles, as well as hepatic Igf1 in wild-type mice. In conclusion, selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation by compound A represents a potential therapeutic strategy to improve dystrophic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Huynh
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Endocrine Research Unit and the Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, ACT, Australia
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D'Arcy CE, Feeney SJ, McLean CA, Gehrig SM, Lynch GS, Smith JE, Cowling BS, Mitchell CA, McGrath MJ. Identification of FHL1 as a therapeutic target for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:618-36. [PMID: 24087791 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Utrophin is a potential therapeutic target for the fatal muscle disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In adult skeletal muscle, utrophin is restricted to the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions and can compensate for dystrophin loss in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, but requires sarcolemmal localization. NFATc1-mediated transcription regulates utrophin expression and the LIM protein, FHL1 which promotes muscle hypertrophy, is a transcriptional activator of NFATc1. By generating mdx/FHL1-transgenic mice, we demonstrate that FHL1 potentiates NFATc1 activation of utrophin to ameliorate the dystrophic pathology. Transgenic FHL1 expression increased sarcolemmal membrane stability, reduced muscle degeneration, decreased inflammation and conferred protection from contraction-induced injury in mdx mice. Significantly, FHL1 expression also reduced progressive muscle degeneration and fibrosis in the diaphragm of aged mdx mice. FHL1 enhanced NFATc1 activation of the utrophin promoter and increased sarcolemmal expression of utrophin in muscles of mdx mice, directing the assembly of a substitute utrophin-glycoprotein complex, and revealing a novel FHL1-NFATc1-utrophin signaling axis that can functionally compensate for dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E D'Arcy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Carvalho SCD, Apolinário LM, Matheus SMM, Santo Neto H, Marques MJ. EPA protects against muscle damage in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by promoting a shift from the M1 to M2 macrophage phenotype. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 264:41-7. [PMID: 24090650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In dystrophic mdx mice and in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammation contributes to myonecrosis. Previously, we demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased inflammation and necrosis in dystrophic muscle. In the present study, we examined the effects of EPA and the corticoid deflazacort (DFZ) as modulators of M1 (iNOS-expressing cells) and M2 (CD206-expressing cells) macrophages. Mdx mice (14 days old) received EPA or DFZ for 16 days. The diaphragm, biceps brachii and quadriceps muscles were studied. Immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and ELISA assays showed that EPA increased interleucin-10, reduced interferon-γ and was more effective than DFZ in promoting a shift from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Camaçari de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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Hollinger K, Selsby JT. The physiological response of protease inhibition in dystrophic muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:234-44. [PMID: 23648220 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the production of a non-functional dystrophin gene product and a failure to accumulate functional dystrophin protein in muscle cells. This leads to membrane instability, loss of Ca(2+) homoeostasis and widespread cellular injury. Associated with these changes are increased protease activities in a variety of proteolytic systems. As such, there have been numerous investigations directed towards determining the therapeutic potential of protease inhibition. In this review, evidence from genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of proteases as a treatment strategy for DMD is systematically evaluated. Specifically, we review the potential roles of calpain, proteasome, caspase, matrix metalloproteinase and serine protease inhibition as therapeutic approaches for DMD. We conclude that despite early results to the contrary, inhibition of calpain proteases is unlikely to be successful. Conversely, evidence suggests that inhibition of proteasome, matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases does appear to decrease disease severity. An important caveat to these conclusions, however, is that the fundamental cause of DMD, dystrophin deficiency, is not corrected by this strategy. Hence, this should not be viewed as a cure, but rather, protease inhibitors should be considered for inclusion in a therapeutic cocktail. Physiological Relevance. Selective modulation of protease activity has the potential to profoundly change intracellular physiology resulting in a possible treatment for DMD. However, alteration of protease activities could also lead to worsening of disease progression by promoting the accumulation of substrates in the cell. The balance of benefit and potential damage caused by protease inhibition in human DMD patients is largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hollinger
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames; IA; USA
| | - J. T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science; Iowa State University; Ames; IA; USA
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Hollinger K, Gardan-Salmon D, Santana C, Rice D, Snella E, Selsby JT. Rescue of dystrophic skeletal muscle by PGC-1α involves restored expression of dystrophin-associated protein complex components and satellite cell signaling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R13-23. [PMID: 23594613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00221.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is typically diagnosed in the preschool years because of locomotor defects, indicative of muscle damage. Thus, effective therapies must be able to rescue muscle from further decline. We have established that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc-1α) gene transfer will prevent many aspects of dystrophic pathology, likely through upregulation of utrophin and increased oxidative capacity; however, the extent to which it will rescue muscle with disease manifestations has not been determined. Our hypothesis is that gene transfer of Pgc-1α into declining muscle will reduce muscle injury compared with control muscle. To test our hypothesis, adeno-associated virus 6 (AAV6) driving expression of Pgc-1α was injected into single hind limbs of 3-wk-old mdx mice, while the contralateral limb was given a sham injection. At 6 wk of age, treated solei had 37% less muscle injury compared with sham-treated muscles (P < 0.05). Resistance to contraction-induced injury was improved 10% (P < 0.05), likely driven by the five-fold (P < 0.05) increase in utrophin protein expression and increase in dystrophin-associated complex members. Treated muscles were more resistant to fatigue, which was likely caused by the corresponding increase in oxidative markers. Pgc-1α overexpressing limbs also exhibited increased expression of genes related to muscle repair and autophagy. These data indicate that the Pgc-1α pathway remains a good therapeutic target, as it reduced muscle injury and improved function using a rescue paradigm. Further, these data also indicate that the beneficial effects of Pgc-1α gene transfer are more complex than increased utrophin expression and oxidative gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hollinger
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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