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Bianciardi B, Mastek H, Franka M, Uhlhaas PJ. Effects of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists on Gamma-Band Activity During Auditory Stimulation Compared With Electro/Magneto-encephalographic Data in Schizophrenia and Early-Stage Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Perspective. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae090. [PMID: 38934800 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) hypofunctioning has been hypothesized to be involved in circuit dysfunctions in schizophrenia (ScZ). Yet, it remains to be determined whether the physiological changes observed following NMDA-R antagonist administration are consistent with auditory gamma-band activity in ScZ which is dependent on NMDA-R activity. STUDY DESIGN This systematic review investigated the effects of NMDA-R antagonists on auditory gamma-band activity in preclinical (n = 15) and human (n = 3) studies and compared these data to electro/magneto-encephalographic measurements in ScZ patients (n = 37) and 9 studies in early-stage psychosis. The following gamma-band parameters were examined: (1) evoked spectral power, (2) intertrial phase coherence (ITPC), (3) induced spectral power, and (4) baseline power. STUDY RESULTS Animal and human pharmacological data reported a reduction, especially for evoked gamma-band power and ITPC, as well as an increase and biphasic effects of gamma-band activity following NMDA-R antagonist administration. In addition, NMDA-R antagonists increased baseline gamma-band activity in preclinical studies. Reductions in ITPC and evoked gamma-band power were broadly compatible with findings observed in ScZ and early-stage psychosis patients where the majority of studies observed decreased gamma-band spectral power and ITPC. In regard to baseline gamma-band power, there were inconsistent findings. Finally, a publication bias was observed in studies investigating auditory gamma-band activity in ScZ patients. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review indicates that NMDA-R antagonists may partially recreate reductions in gamma-band spectral power and ITPC during auditory stimulation in ScZ. These findings are discussed in the context of current theories involving alteration in E/I balance and the role of NMDA hypofunction in the pathophysiology of ScZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianciardi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helena Mastek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Franka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Crown LM, Agyeman KA, Choi W, Zepeda N, Iseri E, Pahlavan P, Siegel SJ, Liu C, Christopoulos V, Lee DJ. Theta-frequency medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation increases neurovascular activity in MK-801-treated mice. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1372315. [PMID: 38560047 PMCID: PMC10978728 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1372315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown remarkable success treating neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. DBS is now being explored to improve cognitive and functional outcomes in other psychiatric conditions, such as those characterized by reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function (i.e., schizophrenia). While DBS for movement disorders generally involves high-frequency (>100 Hz) stimulation, there is evidence that low-frequency stimulation may have beneficial and persisting effects when applied to cognitive brain networks. Methods In this study, we utilize a novel technology, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI), to characterize the cerebrovascular impact of medial septal nucleus (MSN) DBS under conditions of NMDA antagonism (pharmacologically using Dizocilpine [MK-801]) in anesthetized male mice. Results Imaging from a sagittal plane across a variety of brain regions within and outside of the septohippocampal circuit, we find that MSN theta-frequency (7.7 Hz) DBS increases hippocampal cerebral blood volume (CBV) during and after stimulation. This effect was not present using standard high-frequency stimulation parameters [i.e., gamma (100 Hz)]. Discussion These results indicate the MSN DBS increases circuit-specific hippocampal neurovascular activity in a frequency-dependent manner and does so in a way that continues beyond the period of electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kofi A Agyeman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ege Iseri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pooyan Pahlavan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
| | - Vasileios Christopoulos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
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Gautam D, Raza MU, Miyakoshi M, Molina JL, Joshi YB, Clayson PE, Light GA, Swerdlow NR, Sivarao DV. Click-train evoked steady state harmonic response as a novel pharmacodynamic biomarker of cortical oscillatory synchrony. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109707. [PMID: 37673332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensory networks naturally entrain to rhythmic stimuli like a click train delivered at a particular frequency. Such synchronization is integral to information processing, can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and is an accessible index of neural network function. Click trains evoke neural entrainment not only at the driving frequency (F), referred to as the auditory steady state response (ASSR), but also at its higher multiples called the steady state harmonic response (SSHR). Since harmonics play an important and non-redundant role in acoustic information processing, we hypothesized that SSHR may differ from ASSR in presentation and pharmacological sensitivity. In female SD rats, a 2 s-long train stimulus was used to evoke ASSR at 20 Hz and its SSHR at 40, 60 and 80 Hz, recorded from a prefrontal epidural electrode. Narrow band evoked responses were evident at all frequencies; signal power was strongest at 20 Hz while phase synchrony was strongest at 80 Hz. SSHR at 40 Hz took the longest time (∼180 ms from stimulus onset) to establish synchrony. The NMDA antagonist MK801 (0.025-0.1 mg/kg) did not consistently affect 20 Hz ASSR phase synchrony but robustly and dose-dependently attenuated synchrony of all SSHR. Evoked power was attenuated by MK801 at 20 Hz ASSR and 40 Hz SSHR only. Thus, presentation as well as pharmacological sensitivity distinguished SSHR from ASSR, making them non-redundant markers of cortical network function. SSHR is a novel and promising translational biomarker of cortical oscillatory dynamics that may have important applications in CNS drug development and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - M Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J L Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y B Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA.
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Abbasi S, Wolff A, Çatal Y, Northoff G. Increased noise relates to abnormal excitation-inhibition balance in schizophrenia: a combined empirical and computational study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10477-10491. [PMID: 37562844 PMCID: PMC10560578 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography studies link sensory processing issues in schizophrenia to increased noise level-noise here is background spontaneous activity-as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio. The mechanism, however, of such increased noise is unknown. We investigate if this relates to changes in cortical excitation-inhibition balance, which has been observed to be atypical in schizophrenia, by combining electroencephalography and computational modeling. Our electroencephalography task results, for which the local field potentials can be used as a proxy, show lower signal-to-noise ratio due to higher noise in schizophrenia. Both electroencephalography rest and task states exhibit higher levels of excitation in the functional excitation-inhibition (as a proxy of excitation-inhibition balance). This suggests a relationship between increased noise and atypical excitation in schizophrenia, which was addressed by using computational modeling. A Leaky Integrate-and-Fire model was used to simulate the effects of varying degrees of noise on excitation-inhibition balance, local field potential, NMDA current, and . Results show a noise-related increase in the local field potential, excitation in excitation-inhibition balance, pyramidal NMDA current, and spike rate. Mutual information and mediation analysis were used to explore a cross-level relationship, showing that the cortical local field potential plays a key role in transferring the effect of noise to the cellular population level of NMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abbasi
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan 65169-13733, Iran
| | - Annemarie Wolff
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Yasir Çatal
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
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Ummear Raza M, Gautam D, Rorie D, Sivarao DV. Differential Effects of Clozapine and Haloperidol on the 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response-mediated Phase Resetting in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Female Sprague Dawley Rat. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:581-591. [PMID: 36691888 PMCID: PMC10154723 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural synchrony at gamma frequency (~40 Hz) is important for information processing and is disrupted in schizophrenia. From a drug development perspective, molecules that can improve local gamma synchrony are promising candidates for therapeutic development. HYPOTHESIS Given their differentiated clinical profile, clozapine, and haloperidol may have distinct effects on local gamma synchrony engendered by 40 Hz click trains, the so-called auditory steady-state response (ASSR). STUDY DESIGN Clozapine and haloperidol at doses known to mimic clinically relevant D2 receptor occupancy were evaluated using the ASSR in separate cohorts of female SD rats. RESULTS Clozapine (2.5-10 mg/kg, sc) robustly increased intertrial phase coherence (ITC), across all doses. Evoked response increased but less consistently. Background gamma activity, unrelated to the stimulus, showed a reduction at all doses. Closer scrutiny of the data indicated that clozapine accelerated gamma phase resetting. Thus, clozapine augmented auditory information processing in the gamma frequency range by reducing the background gamma, accelerating the gamma phase resetting and improving phase precision and signal power. Modest improvements in ITC were seen with Haloperidol (0.08 and 0.24 mg/kg, sc) without accelerating phase resetting. Evoked power was unaffected while background gamma was reduced at high doses only, which also caused catalepsy. CONCLUSIONS Using click-train evoked gamma synchrony as an index of local neural network function, we provide a plausible neurophysiological basis for the superior and differentiated profile of clozapine. These observations may provide a neurophysiological template for identifying new drug candidates with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Dakota Rorie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
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Tian F, Lewis LD, Zhou DW, Balanza GA, Paulk AC, Zelmann R, Peled N, Soper D, Santa Cruz Mercado LA, Peterfreund RA, Aglio LS, Eskandar EN, Cosgrove GR, Williams ZM, Richardson RM, Brown EN, Akeju O, Cash SS, Purdon PL. Characterizing brain dynamics during ketamine-induced dissociation and subsequent interactions with propofol using human intracranial neurophysiology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1748. [PMID: 36991011 PMCID: PMC10060225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine produces antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression, but its usefulness is limited by its psychotropic side effects. Ketamine is thought to act via NMDA receptors and HCN1 channels to produce brain oscillations that are related to these effects. Using human intracranial recordings, we found that ketamine produces gamma oscillations in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, structures previously implicated in ketamine's antidepressant effects, and a 3 Hz oscillation in posteromedial cortex, previously proposed as a mechanism for its dissociative effects. We analyzed oscillatory changes after subsequent propofol administration, whose GABAergic activity antagonizes ketamine's NMDA-mediated disinhibition, alongside a shared HCN1 inhibitory effect, to identify dynamics attributable to NMDA-mediated disinhibition versus HCN1 inhibition. Our results suggest that ketamine engages different neural circuits in distinct frequency-dependent patterns of activity to produce its antidepressant and dissociative sensory effects. These insights may help guide the development of brain dynamic biomarkers and novel therapeutics for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyun Tian
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David W Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo A Balanza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noam Peled
- Department of Radiology, MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Soper
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura A Santa Cruz Mercado
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Peterfreund
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda S Aglio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - G Rees Cosgrove
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziv M Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick L Purdon
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cui K, Yu Z, Xu L, Jiang W, Wang L, Wang X, Zou D, Gu J, Gao F, Zhang X, Wang Z. Behavioral features and disorganization of oscillatory activity in C57BL/6J mice after acute low dose MK-801 administration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1001869. [PMID: 36188453 PMCID: PMC9515662 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose acute administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801 is widely used to model cognition impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) in rodents. However, due to no unified standards for animal strain, dose, route of drug delivery, and the duration of administration, how different doses of MK-801 influence behavior and fundamental frequency bands of the local field potential (LFP) in cortical and subcortical brain regions without consistent conclusions. The optimal dose of MK-801 as a valid cognition impairers to model CIAS in C57BL/6J mice remains unclear. The current study characterizes the behavior and neural oscillation alterations induced by different low doses of MK-801 in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus CA1 of C57BL/6J mice. The results reveal that mice treated with 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 demonstrate increased locomotion and diminished prepulse inhibition (PPI), while not when treated with 0.05 mg/kg MK-801. We also find that MK-801 dose as low as 0.05 mg/kg can significantly diminishes spontaneous alteration during the Y-maze test. Additionally, the oscillation power in delta, theta, alpha, gamma and HFO bands of the LFP in mPFC and CA1 was potentiated by different dose levels of MK-801 administration. The current findings revealed that the observed sensitivity against spontaneous alteration impairment and neural oscillation at 0.05 mg/kg MK-801 suggest that 0.05 mg/kg will produce changes in CIAS-relevant behavior without overt changes in locomotion and sensorimotor processing in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Wangcong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Luwan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiangqun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Dandan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajie Gu
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhengchun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengchun Wang,
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Hudson MR, Jones NC. Deciphering the code: Identifying true gamma neural oscillations. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114205. [PMID: 35985554 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillatory activity occurring in the gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) has been proposed to play essential roles in sensory and cognitive processing. Supporting this, abnormalities in gamma oscillations have been reported in patients with diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is prominent. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning this relationship is the focus of extensive research. But while an increasing number of studies are investigating the intricate relationship between gamma oscillations and cognition, interpretation and generalisation of these studies is limited by the diverse, and at times questionable, methodologies used to analyse oscillatory activity. For example, a variety of different types of gamma oscillatory activity have been characterised, but all are generalised non-specifically as 'gamma oscillations'. This creates confusion, since distinct cellular and network mechanisms are likely responsible for generating these different types of rhythm. Moreover, in some instances, certain analytical measures of electrophysiological data are overinterpreted, with researchers pushing the boundaries of what would be considered rhythmic or oscillatory in nature. Here, we provide clarity on these issues, firstly presenting an overview of the different measures of gamma oscillatory activity, and describing common signal processing techniques used for analysis. Limitations of these techniques are discussed, and recommendations made on how future studies should optimise analyses, presentation and interpretation of gamma frequency oscillations. This is an essential progression in order to harmonise future studies, allowing us to gain a clearer understanding of the role of gamma oscillations in cognition, and in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hudson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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9
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Zepeda NC, Crown LM, Medvidovic S, Choi W, Sheth M, Bergosh M, Gifford R, Folz C, Lam P, Lu G, Featherstone R, Liu CY, Siegel SJ, Lee DJ. Frequency-specific medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation improves spatial memory in MK-801-treated male rats. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105756. [PMID: 35584727 PMCID: PMC9343054 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few treatments exist for the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Pharmacological agents resulting in glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction, such as MK-801, mimic many of these symptoms and disrupt neural activity. Recent evidence suggests that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial septal nucleus (MSN) can modulate medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal activity and improve spatial memory. OBJECTIVE Here, we examine the effects of acute MK-801 administration on oscillatory activity within the septohippocampal circuit and behavior. We also evaluate the potential for MSN stimulation to improve cognitive behavioral measures following MK-801 administration. METHODS 59 Sprague Dawley male rats received either acute intraperitoneal (IP) saline vehicle injections or MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg). Theta (5-12 Hz), low gamma (30-50 Hz) and high frequency oscillatory (HFO) power were analyzed in the mPFC, MSN, thalamus and hippocampus. Rats underwent MSN theta (7.7 Hz), gamma (100 Hz) or no stimulation during behavioral tasks (Novel object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze, Barnes maze (BM)). RESULTS Injection of MK-801 resulted in frequency-specific changes in oscillatory activity, decreasing theta while increasing HFO power. Theta, but not gamma, stimulation enhanced the anxiolytic effects of MK-801 on the elevated plus maze. While MK-801 treated rats exhibited spatial memory deficits on the Barnes maze, those that also received MSN theta, but not gamma, stimulation found the escape hole sooner. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that acute MK-801 administration leads to altered neural activity in the septohippocampal circuit and impaired spatial memory. Further, these findings suggest that MSN theta-frequency stimulation improves specific spatial memory deficits and may be a possible treatment for cognitive impairments caused by NMDA hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C. Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lindsey M. Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sasha Medvidovic
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Megha Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Matthew Bergosh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Raymond Gifford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Caroline Folz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Phillip Lam
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Charles Y. Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Darrin J. Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033. (D.J. Lee)
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10
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Featherstone RE, Shimada T, Crown LM, Melnychenko O, Yi J, Matsumoto M, Tajinda K, Mihara T, Adachi M, Siegel SJ. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα heterozygous knockout mice show electroencephalogram and behavioral changes characteristic of a subpopulation of schizophrenia and intellectual impairment. Neuroscience 2022; 499:104-117. [PMID: 35901933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficit remains an intractable symptom of schizophrenia, accounting for substantial disability. Despite this, little is known about the cause of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia patients show several changes in dentate gyrus structure and functional characteristic of immaturity. The immature dentate gyrus (iDG) has been replicated in several mouse models, most notably the αCaMKII heterozygous mouse (CaMKIIa-hKO). The current study characterizes behavioral phenotypes of CaMKIIa-hKO mice and determines their neurophysiological profile using electroencephalogram (EEG) recording from hippocampus. CaMKIIa-hKO mice were hypoactive in home-cage environment; however, they displayed less anxiety-like phenotype, suggestive of impulsivity-like behavior. In addition, severe cognitive dysfunction was evident in CaMKIIa-hKO mice as examined by novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning. Several EEG phenomena established in both patients and relevant animal models indicate key pathological changes associated with the disease, include auditory event-related potentials and time-frequency EEG oscillations. CaMKIIa-hKO mice showed altered event-related potentials characterized by an increase in amplitude of the N40 and P80, as well as increased P80 latency. These mice also showed increased power in theta range time-frequency measures. Additionally, CaMKIIa-hKO mice showed spontaneous bursts of spike wave activity, possibly indicating absence seizures. The GABAB agonist baclofen increased, while the GABAB antagonist CGP35348 and the T-Type Ca2+ channel blocker Ethosuximide decreased spike wave burst frequency. None of these changes in event-related potentials or EEG oscillations are characteristic of those observed in general population of patients with schizophrenia; yet, CaMKIIa-hKO mice likely model a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Shimada
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lindsey M Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olya Melnychenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janice Yi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Takuma Mihara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Megumi Adachi
- Astellas Research Institute of America, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Rosenbrock H, Dorner-Ciossek C, Giovannini R, Schmid B, Schuelert N. Effects of the glycine transporter-1 inhibitor iclepertin (BI 425809) on sensory processing, neural network function, and cognition in animal models related to schizophrenia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:223-232. [PMID: 35661632 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction leading to neural network dysfunction is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Increasing extracellular concentrations of the NMDA receptor co-agonist glycine through inhibition of glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) has the potential to treat CIAS by improving cortical network function through enhanced glutamatergic signaling. Indeed, the novel GlyT1 inhibitor iclepertin (BI 425809) improved cognition in a recent clinical study in patients with schizophrenia. The present study tested the ability of iclepertin to reverse MK-801-induced deficits in auditory sensory processing and cortical network function using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure auditory event-related potentials (AERP) and 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR). In addition, improvements in memory performance with iclepertin were evaluated using the T-maze spontaneous alternation test in MK-801-treated mice and the social recognition test in naïve rats. Iclepertin reversed MK-801-induced deficits in the AERP readouts N1 amplitude and N1 gating, as well as 40 Hz ASSR power and inter-trial coherence. Additionally, iclepertin significantly attenuated an MK-801-induced increase in basal gamma power. Furthermore, iclepertin reversed MK-801-induced working memory deficits in mice and improved social recognition memory performance in rats. Overall, this study demonstrates that inhibition of GlyT1 is sufficient to attenuate MK-801-induced deficits in translatable EEG parameters relevant to schizophrenia. Moreover, iclepertin showed memory-enhancing effects in rodent cognition tasks, further demonstrating the potential for GlyT1 inhibition to treat CIAS. Significance Statement Despite the significant patient burden caused by cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia, there are currently no approved pharmacotherapies. In this preclinical study, the novel glycine transporter inhibitor iclepertin (BI 425809) reversed sensory processing deficits and neural network dysfunction evoked by inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and enhanced working memory performance and social recognition in rodents. These findings support previous clinical evidence for the pro-cognitive effects of iclepertin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Rosenbrock
- CNS Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernhard Schmid
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
| | - Niklas Schuelert
- CNS Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
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12
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Yu S, Park M, Kang J, Lee E, Jung J, Kim T. Aberrant Gamma-Band Oscillations in Mice with Vitamin D Deficiency: Implications on Schizophrenia and Its Cognitive Symptoms. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020318. [PMID: 35207806 PMCID: PMC8879176 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in cognitive functions as well as regulating calcium homeostasis and the immune system. Many epidemiological studies have also shown the close relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the risk of schizophrenia. Cortical gamma-band oscillations (GBO) are associated with cognitive functions, such as attention and memory. Patients with schizophrenia show abnormal GBO with increased spontaneous GBO and decreased evoked GBO. However, the direct effect of VDD on GBO remains unknown. Parvalbumin interneurons, which predominantly contribute to the generation of GBO, are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNN). We sought to investigate the associations among VDD, PNN, and GBO. Here, we injected a viral vector (AAV5-DIO-ChR2-eYFP) into the basal forebrain stereotaxically and implanted electrodes for electroencephalogram (EEG). At baseline, the evoked and spontaneous EEG power at the gamma frequency band was measured in 4-month-old male PV-Cre mice. After six and twenty weeks of vitamin D deficient food administration, the power of GBO was measured in the VDD condition. Next, we injected the chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) enzyme into the frontal cortex to eliminate PNN. We found that the VDD group showed decreased power of both optogenetically- and auditory-evoked GBO, whereas the spontaneous GBO increased. Enzymatic digestion of PNN showed similar changes in GBO. Taken together, we suggest that VDD could result in decreased PNN and, consequently, increase the spontaneous GBO and decrease the evoked GBO, reminiscent of the aberrant GBO in schizophrenia. These results show that VDD might increase the risk of schizophrenia and aggravate the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tae Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-715-5363
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13
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Hirano Y, Uhlhaas PJ. Current findings and perspectives on aberrant neural oscillations in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:358-368. [PMID: 34558155 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is now consistent evidence that neural oscillation at low- and high-frequencies constitute an important aspect of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, impaired rhythmic activity may underlie the deficit to generate coherent cognition and behavior, leading to the characteristic symptoms of psychosis and cognitive deficits. Importantly, the generating mechanisms of neural oscillations are relatively well-understood and thus enable the targeted search for the underlying circuit impairments and novel treatment targets. In the following review, we will summarize and assess the evidence for aberrant rhythmic activity in schizophrenia through evaluating studies that have utilized Electro/Magnetoencephalography to examine neural oscillations during sensory and cognitive tasks as well as during resting-state measurements. These data will be linked to current evidence from post-mortem, neuroimaging, genetics, and animal models that have implicated deficits in GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic neurotransmission in oscillatory deficits in schizophrenia. Finally, we will highlight methodological and analytical challenges as well as provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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14
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Cruz G, Grent-'t-Jong T, Krishnadas R, Palva JM, Palva S, Uhlhaas PJ. Long range temporal correlations (LRTCs) in MEG-data during emerging psychosis: Relationship to symptoms, medication-status and clinical trajectory. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102722. [PMID: 34130193 PMCID: PMC8209846 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-Range Temporal Correlations (LRTCs) index the capacity of the brain to optimally process information. Previous research has shown that patients with chronic schizophrenia present altered LRTCs at alpha and beta oscillations. However, it is currently unclear at which stage of schizophrenia aberrant LRTCs emerge. To address this question, we investigated LRTCs in resting-state magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings obtained from patients with affective disorders and substance abuse (clinically at low-risk of psychosis, CHR-N), patients at clinical high-risk of psychosis (CHR-P) (n = 115), as well as patients with a first episode (FEP) (n = 25). Matched healthy controls (n = 47) served as comparison group. LRTCs were obtained for frequencies from 4 to 40 Hz and correlated with clinical and neuropsychological data. In addition, we examined the relationship between LRTCs and transition to psychosis in CHR-P participants, and the relationship between LRTC and antipsychotic medication in FEP participants. Our results show that participants from the clinical groups have similar LRTCs to controls. In addition, LRTCs did not correlate with clinical and neurocognitive variables across participants nor did LRTCs predict transition to psychosis. Therefore, impaired LRTCs do not reflect a feature in the clinical trajectory of psychosis. Nevertheless, reduced LRTCs in the beta-band over posterior sensors of medicated FEP participants indicate that altered LRTCs may appear at the onset of the illness. Future studies are needed to elucidate the role of anti-psychotic medication in altered LRTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cruz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajeev Krishnadas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Matias Palva
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Centre, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Satu Palva
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Centre, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Jami SA, Cameron S, Wong JM, Daly ER, McAllister AK, Gray JA. Increased excitation-inhibition balance and loss of GABAergic synapses in the serine racemase knockout model of NMDA receptor hypofunction. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:11-27. [PMID: 34038186 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00661.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that both N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction and dysfunction of GABAergic neurotransmission contribute to schizophrenia, though the relationship between these pathophysiological processes remains largely unknown. Although models using cell-type-specific genetic deletion of NMDARs have been informative, they display overly pronounced phenotypes extending beyond those of schizophrenia. Here, we used the serine racemase knockout (SRKO) mice, a model of reduced NMDAR activity rather than complete receptor elimination, to examine the link between NMDAR hypofunction and decreased GABAergic inhibition. The SRKO mice, in which there is a >90% reduction in the NMDAR coagonist d-serine, exhibit many of the neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities observed in schizophrenia. We found a significant reduction in inhibitory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons in the SRKO mice. This reduction increases the excitation/inhibition balance resulting in enhanced synaptically driven neuronal excitability without changes in intrinsic excitability. Consistently, significant reductions in inhibitory synapse density in CA1 were observed by immunohistochemistry. We further show, using a single-neuron genetic deletion approach, that the loss of GABAergic synapses onto pyramidal neurons observed in the SRKO mice is driven in a cell-autonomous manner following the deletion of SR in individual CA1 pyramidal cells. These results support a model whereby NMDAR hypofunction in pyramidal cells disrupts GABAergic synapses leading to disrupted feedback inhibition and impaired neuronal synchrony.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recently, disruption of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance has become an area of considerable interest for psychiatric research. Here, we report a reduction in inhibition in the serine racemase knockout mouse model of schizophrenia that increases E/I balance and enhances synaptically driven neuronal excitability. This reduced inhibition was driven cell-autonomously in pyramidal cells lacking serine racemase, suggesting a novel mechanism for how chronic NMDA receptor hypofunction can disrupt information processing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekib A Jami
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Scott Cameron
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jonathan M Wong
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Emily R Daly
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| | - A Kimberley McAllister
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - John A Gray
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, California
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16
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Benvenutti R, Gallas-Lopes M, Marcon M, Reschke CR, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Glutamate Nmda Receptor Antagonists With Relevance To Schizophrenia: A Review Of Zebrafish Behavioral Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:494-509. [PMID: 33588731 PMCID: PMC9608229 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210215121428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia pathophysiology is associated with hypofunction of glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in GABAergic interneurons and dopaminergic hyperactivation in subcortical brain areas. The administration of NMDAR antagonists is used as an animal model that replicates behavioral phenotypes relevant to the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Such models overwhelmingly rely on rodents, which may lead to species-specific biases and poor translatability. Zebrafish, however, is increasingly used as a model organism to study evolutionarily conserved aspects of behavior. We thus aimed to review and integrate the major findings reported in the zebrafish literature regarding the behavioral effects of NMDAR antagonists with relevance to schizophrenia. We identified 44 research articles that met our inclusion criteria from 590 studies retrieved from MEDLINE (PubMed) and Web of Science databases. Dizocilpine (MK-801) and ketamine were employed in 29 and 10 studies, respectively. The use of other NMDAR antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP), APV, memantine, and tiletamine, was described in 6 studies. Frequently reported findings are the social interaction and memory deficits induced by MK-801 and circling behavior induced by ketamine. However, mixed results were described for several locomotor and exploratory parameters in the novel tank and open tank tests. The present review integrates the most relevant results while discussing variation in experimental design and methodological procedures. We conclude that zebrafish is a suitable model organism to study drug-induced behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. However, more studies are necessary to further characterize the major differences in behavior as compared to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radharani Benvenutti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS. Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS. Brazil
| | - Matheus Marcon
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS. Brazil
| | - Cristina R Reschke
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin. Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Herrmann
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS. Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS. Brazil
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17
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Bianciardi B, Uhlhaas PJ. Do NMDA-R antagonists re-create patterns of spontaneous gamma-band activity in schizophrenia? A systematic review and perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:308-323. [PMID: 33581223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NMDA-R hypofunctioninig is a core pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether the physiological changes observed following NMDA-R antagonist administration are consistent with gamma-band alterations in schizophrenia. This systematic review examined the effects of NMDA-R antagonists on the amplitude of spontaneous gamma-band activity and functional connectivity obtained from preclinical (n = 24) and human (n = 9) studies and compared these data to resting-state EEG/MEG-measurements in schizophrenia patients (n = 27). Overall, the majority of preclinical and human studies observed increased gamma-band power following acute administration of NMDA-R antagonists. However, the direction of gamma-band power alterations in schizophrenia were inconsistent, which involved upregulation (n = 10), decreases (n = 7), and no changes (n = 8) in spectral power. Five out of 6 preclinical studies observed increased connectivity, while in healthy controls receiving Ketamine and in schizophrenia patients the direction of connectivity results was also inconsistent. Accordingly, the effects of NMDA-R hypofunctioning on gamma-band oscillations are different than pathophysiological signatures observed in schizophrenia. The implications of these findings for current E/I balance models of schizophrenia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianciardi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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GSK3β inhibition restores cortical gamma oscillation and cognitive behavior in a mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction relevant to schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2207-2218. [PMID: 32859995 PMCID: PMC7784891 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cortical gamma oscillations are believed to be involved in mental processes which are disturbed in schizophrenia. For example, the magnitudes of sensory-evoked oscillations, as measured by auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) at 40 Hz, are robustly diminished, whereas the baseline gamma power is enhanced in schizophrenia. Such dual gamma oscillation abnormalities are also present in a mouse model of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction (Ppp1r2cre/Grin1 knockout mice). However, it is unclear whether the abnormal gamma oscillations are associated with dysfunction in schizophrenia. We found that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is overactivated in corticolimbic parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in Grin1 mutant mice. Here we addressed whether GSK3β inhibition reverses both abnormal gamma oscillations and behavioral deficits with high correlation by pharmacological and genetic approach. We demonstrated that the paralog selective-GSK3β inhibitor, but not GSK3α inhibitor, normalizes the diminished ASSRs, excessive baseline gamma power, and deficits in spatial working memory and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle in Grin1 mutant mice. Cell-type specific GSK3B knockdown, but not GSK3A knockdown, also reversed abnormal gamma oscillations and behavioral deficits. Moreover, GSK3B knockdown, but not GSK3A knockdown, reverses the mutants' in vivo spike synchrony deficits. Finally, ex vivo patch-clamp recording from pairs of neighboring cortical pyramidal neurons showed a reduction of synchronous spontaneous inhibitory-postsynaptic-current events in mutants, which was reversed by GSK3β inhibition genetically and pharmacologically. Together, GSK3β inhibition in corticolimbic interneurons ameliorates the deficits in spatial working memory and PPI, presumably by restoration of synchronous GABA release, synchronous spike firing, and evoked-gamma power increase with lowered baseline power.
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19
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Grent-‘t-Jong T, Gajwani R, Gross J, Gumley AI, Krishnadas R, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Schultze-Lutter F, Uhlhaas PJ. Association of Magnetoencephalographically Measured High-Frequency Oscillations in Visual Cortex With Circuit Dysfunctions in Local and Large-scale Networks During Emerging Psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:852-862. [PMID: 32211834 PMCID: PMC7097849 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Psychotic disorders are characterized by impairments in neural oscillations, but the nature of the deficit, the trajectory across illness stages, and functional relevance remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To examine whether changes in spectral power, phase locking, and functional connectivity in visual cortex are present during emerging psychosis and whether these abnormalities are associated with clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study, participants meeting clinical high-risk criteria for psychosis, participants with first-episode psychosis, participants with affective disorders and substance abuse, and a group of control participants were recruited. Participants underwent measurements with magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging. Data analysis was carried out between 2018 and 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Magnetoencephalographical activity was examined in the 1- to 90-Hz frequency range in combination with source reconstruction during a visual grating task. Event-related fields, power modulation, intertrial phase consistency, and connectivity measures in visual and frontal cortices were associated with neuropsychological scores, psychosocial functioning, and clinical symptoms as well as persistence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms at 12 months. RESULTS The study participants included those meeting clinical high-risk criteria for psychosis (n = 119; mean [SD] age, 22 [4.4] years; 32 men), 26 patients with first-episode psychosis (mean [SD] age, 24 [4.2] years; 16 men), 38 participants with affective disorders and substance abuse (mean [SD] age, 23 [4.7] years; 11 men), and 49 control participants (mean age [SD], 23 [3.6] years; 16 men). Clinical high-risk participants and patients with first-episode psychosis were characterized by reduced phase consistency of β/γ-band oscillations in visual cortex (d = 0.63/d = 0.93). Moreover, the first-episode psychosis group was also characterized by reduced occipital γ-band power (d = 1.14) and altered visual cortex connectivity (d = 0.74-0.84). Impaired fronto-occipital connectivity was present in both clinical high-risk participants (d = 0.54) and patients with first-episode psychosis (d = 0.84). Importantly, reductions in intertrial phase coherence predicted persistence of subthreshold psychosis in clinical high-risk participants (receiver operating characteristic area under curve = 0.728; 95% CI, 0.612-0.841; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High-frequency oscillations are impaired in the visual cortex during emerging psychosis and may be linked to behavioral and clinical impairments. Impaired phase consistency of γ-band oscillations was also associated with the persistence of subthreshold psychosis, suggesting that magnetoencephalographical measured neural oscillations could constitute a biomarker for clinical staging of emerging psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Grent-‘t-Jong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland,Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrew I. Gumley
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rajeev Krishnadas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, üsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter J. Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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McMillan R, Muthukumaraswamy SD. The neurophysiology of ketamine: an integrative review. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:457-503. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe drug ketamine has been extensively studied due to its use in anaesthesia, as a model of psychosis and, most recently, its antidepressant properties. Understanding the physiology of ketamine is complex due to its rich pharmacology with multiple potential sites at clinically relevant doses. In this review of the neurophysiology of ketamine, we focus on the acute effects of ketamine in the resting brain. We ascend through spatial scales starting with a complete review of the pharmacology of ketamine and then cover its effects on in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology. We then summarise and critically evaluate studies using EEG/MEG and neuroimaging measures (MRI and PET), integrating across scales where possible. While a complicated and, at times, confusing picture of ketamine’s effects are revealed, we stress that much of this might be caused by use of different species, doses, and analytical methodologies and suggest strategies that future work could use to answer these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McMillan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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21
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Deng D, Masri S, Yao L, Ma X, Cao X, Yang S, Bao S, Zhou Q. Increasing endogenous activity of NMDARs on GABAergic neurons increases inhibition, alters sensory processing and prevents noise-induced tinnitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11969. [PMID: 32686710 PMCID: PMC7371882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective enhancement of GABAergic inhibition is thought to impact many vital brain functions and interferes with the genesis and/or progression of numerous brain disorders. Here, we show that selectively increasing NMDA receptor activity in inhibitory neurons using an NMDAR positive allosteric modulator (PAM) elevates spiking activity of inhibitory neurons in vitro and in vivo. In vivo infusion of PAM increases spontaneous and sound-evoked spiking in inhibitory and decreases spiking in excitatory neurons, and increases signal-to-noise ratio in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, PAM infusion prior to noise trauma prevents the occurrence of tinnitus and reduction in GABAergic inhibition. These results reveal that selectively enhancing endogenous NMDAR activity on the GABAergic neurons can effectively enhance inhibitory activity and alter excitatory-inhibitory balance, and may be useful for preventing diseases that involve reduced inhibition as the major cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Deng
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Samer Masri
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Lulu Yao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shaowen Bao
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
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22
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Toader O, von Heimendahl M, Schuelert N, Nissen W, Rosenbrock H. Suppression of Parvalbumin Interneuron Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex Recapitulates Features of Impaired Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance and Sensory Processing in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:981-989. [PMID: 31903492 PMCID: PMC7342098 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports parvalbumin expressing inhibitory interneuron (PV IN) dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex as a cause for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). PV IN decreased activity is suggested to be the culprit for many of the EEG deficits measured in patients, which correlate with deficits in working memory (WM), cognitive flexibility and attention. In the last few decades, CIAS has been recognized as a heavy burden on the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia, but little progress has been made in finding new treatment options. An important limiting factor in this process is the lack of adequate preclinical models and an incomplete understanding of the circuits engaged in cognition. In this study, we back-translated an auditory stimulation protocol regularly used in human EEG studies into mice and combined it with optogenetics to investigate the role of prefrontal cortex PV INs in excitatory/inhibitory balance and cortical processing. We also assessed spatial WM and reversal learning (RL) during inhibition of prefrontal cortex PV INs. We found significant impairments in trial-to-trial reliability, increased basal network activity and increased oscillation power at 20-60 Hz, and a decreased signal-to-noise ratio, but no significant impairments in behavior. These changes reflect some but not all neurophysiological deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that other neuronal populations and possibly brain regions are involved as well. Our work supports and expands previous findings and highlights the versatility of an approach that combines innovative technologies with back-translated tools used in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Toader
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397 Biberach Riß, Germany; tel: +49 735154188280, e-mail:
| | - Moritz von Heimendahl
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany
| | - Niklas Schuelert
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nissen
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany
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23
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McMillan R, Sumner R, Forsyth A, Campbell D, Malpas G, Maxwell E, Deng C, Hay J, Ponton R, Sundram F, Muthukumaraswamy S. Simultaneous EEG/fMRI recorded during ketamine infusion in patients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109838. [PMID: 31843628 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A single subanaesthetic dose of ketamine rapidly alleviates the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies have investigated the acute effects of ketamine on the BOLD pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) response and EEG spectra. In a randomised, double-blind, active placebo-controlled crossover trial, resting-state simultaneous EEG/fMRI was collected during infusion of ketamine or active placebo (remifentanil) in 30 participants with MDD. Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale scores showed a significant antidepressant effect of ketamine compared to placebo (69% response rate). phMRI analyses showed BOLD signal increases in the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices and sensitivity of the decrease in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) BOLD signal to noise correction. EEG spectral analysis showed increased theta, high beta, low and high gamma power, and decreased delta, alpha, and low beta power with differing time-courses. Low beta and high gamma power time courses explained significant variance in the BOLD signal. Interestingly, the variance explained by high gamma power was significantly associated with non-response to ketamine, but significant associations were not found for other neurophysiological markers when noise correction was implemented. The results suggest that the decrease in sgACC BOLD signal is potentially noise and unrelated to ketamine's antidepressant effect, highlighting the importance of noise correction and multiple temporal regressors for phMRI analyses. The lack of effects significantly associated with antidepressant response suggests the phMRI methodology employed was unable to detect such effects, the effect sizes are relatively small, or that other processes, e.g. neural plasticity, underlie ketamine's antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Forsyth
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Doug Campbell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Auckland District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - Gemma Malpas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Auckland District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Maxwell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Auckland District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn Deng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Auckland District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - John Hay
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Auckland District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - Rhys Ponton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frederick Sundram
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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24
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Raith H, Schuelert N, Duveau V, Roucard C, Plano A, Dorner-Ciossek C, Ferger B. Differential effects of traxoprodil and S-ketamine on quantitative EEG and auditory event-related potentials as translational biomarkers in preclinical trials in rats and mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108072. [PMID: 32243874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) assessment have emerged as powerful tools to unravel translational biomarkers in preclinical and clinical psychiatric drug discovery trials. The aim of the present study was to compare the GluN2B negative allosteric modulator (NAM) traxoprodil (CP-101,606) with the unselective NMDA receptor channel blocker S-ketamine to give insight into central target engagement and differentiation on multiple EEG readouts. For qEEG recordings telemetric transmitters were implanted in male Wistar rats. Recorded EEG data were analyzed using fast Fourier transformation to determine power spectra and vigilance states. Additionally, body temperature and locomotor activity were assessed via telemetry. For recordings of auditory event-related potentials (AERP) male C57Bl/6J mice were chronically implanted with deep electrodes using a tethered system. Power spectral analysis revealed a significant increase in gamma power following ketamine treatment, whereas traxoprodil (6&18 mg/kg) induced an overall decrease primarily within alpha and beta bands. Additionally, ketamine disrupted sleep and enhanced time spent in wake vigilance states, whereas traxoprodil did not alter sleep-wake architecture. AERP and mismatch negativity (MMN) revealed that ketamine (10 mg/kg) selectively disrupts auditory deviance detection, whereas traxoprodil (6 mg/kg) did not alter MMN at clinically relevant doses. In contrast to ketamine treatment, traxoprodil did not produce hyperactivity and hypothermia. In conclusion, ketamine and traxoprodil showed very different effects on diverse EEG readouts differentiating selective GluN2B antagonism from non-selective pan-NMDA-R antagonists like ketamine. These readouts are thus perfectly suited to support drug discovery efforts on NMDA-R and understanding the different functions of NMDA-R subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Raith
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Niklas Schuelert
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Venceslas Duveau
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Corinne Roucard
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Andrea Plano
- Plano Consulting, Georg-Schinbain-Str. 70, 88400, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Boris Ferger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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25
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NMDA receptors on parvalbumin-positive interneurons and pyramidal neurons both contribute to MK-801 induced gamma oscillatory disturbances: Complex relationships with behaviour. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 134:104625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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26
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Honda S, Matsumoto M, Tajinda K, Mihara T. Enhancing Clinical Trials Through Synergistic Gamma Power Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:537. [PMID: 32587536 PMCID: PMC7299152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the etiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders remains unknown, increasing evidence suggests that aberrant sensory processing plays a central role. For this class of disorders, which are characterized by affective, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms, electroencephalography remains the dominant tool for providing insight into the physiological and molecular underpinnings of the disease state and predicting the effectiveness of investigational new drugs. Within the spectrum of electrical activity present in the CNS, high-frequency oscillations in the gamma band are frequently altered in these patient populations. Measurement of gamma oscillation can be further classified into baseline and evoked, each of which offers a specific commentary on disease state. Baseline gamma analysis provides a surrogate of pharmacodynamics and predicting the time course effects of clinical candidate drugs, while alterations in evoked (time-locked) gamma power may serve as a disease biomarker and have utility in assessing patient response to new drugs. Together, these techniques offer complimentary methods of analysis for discrete realms of clinical and translational medicine. In terms of drug development, comprehensive analysis containing aspects of both baseline and evoked gamma oscillations may prove more useful in establishing better workflow and more accurate criteria for the testing of investigational new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokichi Honda
- Neuroscience, La Jolla Laboratory, Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mitsuyuki Matsumoto
- Neuroscience, La Jolla Laboratory, Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Katsunori Tajinda
- Neuroscience, La Jolla Laboratory, Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Takuma Mihara
- Candidate Discovery Research Labs, DDR, Astellas Pharm Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
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27
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Sokolenko E, Hudson MR, Nithianantharajah J, Jones NC. The mGluR 2/3 agonist LY379268 reverses NMDA receptor antagonist effects on cortical gamma oscillations and phase coherence, but not working memory impairments, in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1588-1599. [PMID: 31580222 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119875976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in neural oscillations that occur in the gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) may underlie cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Both cognitive impairments and gamma oscillatory disturbances can be induced in healthy people and rodents by administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonists. AIMS We studied relationships between cognitive impairment and gamma abnormalities following NMDAr antagonism, and attempted to reverse deficits with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonist LY379268. METHODS C57/Bl6 mice were trained to perform the Trial-Unique Nonmatching to Location (TUNL) touchscreen test for working memory. They were then implanted with local field potential (LFP) recording electrodes in prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Mice were administered either LY379268 (3 mg/kg) or vehicle followed by the NMDAr antagonist MK-801 (0.3 or 1 mg/kg) or vehicle prior to testing on the TUNL task, or recording LFPs during the presentation of an auditory stimulus. RESULTS MK-801 impaired working memory and increased perseveration, but these behaviours were not improved by LY379268 treatment. MK-81 increased the power of ongoing gamma and high gamma (130-180 Hz) oscillations in both brain regions and regional coherence between regions, and these signatures were augmented by LY379268. However, auditory-evoked gamma oscillation deficits caused by MK-801 were not affected by LY379268 pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS NMDA receptor antagonism impairs working memory in mice, but this is not reversed by stimulation of mGluR2/3. Since elevations in ongoing gamma power and regional coherence caused by MK-801 were improved by LY379268, it appears unlikely that these specific oscillatory abnormalities underlie the working memory impairment caused by NMDAr antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Sokolenko
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew R Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Grent-'t-Jong T, Rivolta D, Gross J, Gajwani R, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Heidegger T, Wibral M, Singer W, Sauer A, Scheller B, Uhlhaas PJ. Acute ketamine dysregulates task-related gamma-band oscillations in thalamo-cortical circuits in schizophrenia. Brain 2019; 141:2511-2526. [PMID: 30020423 PMCID: PMC6061682 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypofunction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated as a possible mechanism underlying cognitive deficits and aberrant neuronal dynamics in schizophrenia. To test this hypothesis, we first administered a sub-anaesthetic dose of S-ketamine (0.006 mg/kg/min) or saline in a single-blind crossover design in 14 participants while magnetoencephalographic data were recorded during a visual task. In addition, magnetoencephalographic data were obtained in a sample of unmedicated first-episode psychosis patients (n = 10) and in patients with chronic schizophrenia (n = 16) to allow for comparisons of neuronal dynamics in clinical populations versus NMDAR hypofunctioning. Magnetoencephalographic data were analysed at source-level in the 1–90 Hz frequency range in occipital and thalamic regions of interest. In addition, directed functional connectivity analysis was performed using Granger causality and feedback and feedforward activity was investigated using a directed asymmetry index. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Acute ketamine administration in healthy volunteers led to similar effects on cognition and psychopathology as observed in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients. However, the effects of ketamine on high-frequency oscillations and their connectivity profile were not consistent with these observations. Ketamine increased amplitude and frequency of gamma-power (63–80 Hz) in occipital regions and upregulated low frequency (5–28 Hz) activity. Moreover, ketamine disrupted feedforward and feedback signalling at high and low frequencies leading to hypo- and hyper-connectivity in thalamo-cortical networks. In contrast, first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients showed a different pattern of magnetoencephalographic activity, characterized by decreased task-induced high-gamma band oscillations and predominantly increased feedforward/feedback-mediated Granger causality connectivity. Accordingly, the current data have implications for theories of cognitive dysfunctions and circuit impairments in the disorder, suggesting that acute NMDAR hypofunction does not recreate alterations in neural oscillations during visual processing observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Tonio Heidegger
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Wolf Singer
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Sauer
- MEG-Unit, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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29
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Milne E, Dunn S, Zhao C, Jones M. Altered neural dynamics in people who report spontaneous out of body experiences. Cortex 2018; 111:87-99. [PMID: 30472385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that individual differences in cortical excitability leading to disruption of the timing and integration of sensory information processing may explain why some people have out of body experiences (OBE) in the absence of any known pathological or psychiatric condition. Here we recorded EEG from people who either had, or had not experienced an OBE in order to investigate the neural dynamics of OBE in the non-clinical population. A screening questionnaire was completed by 551 people, 24% of whom reported having at least one OBE. Participants who were free of any psychiatric or neurological diagnoses, including migraines, were invited to take part in subsequent EEG recording. EEG data were obtained from 19 people who had had an OBE and 20 who had not. Amplitude of the visual P1 ERP deflection and consistency of alpha-band phase locking were significantly reduced in the participants who had had an OBE. We did not find any group differences in resting state power or in visually induced gamma oscillations. These results provide support for the claim that cortical differences, particularly with respect to the timing of visual information processing, may give rise to OBE in clinically healthy individuals. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare EEG variables obtained from people who have, and have not, had an OBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Milne
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Stephanie Dunn
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Myles Jones
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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30
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Grent-'t-Jong T, Gross J, Goense J, Wibral M, Gajwani R, Gumley AI, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Schultze-Lutter F, Navarro Schröder T, Koethe D, Leweke FM, Singer W, Uhlhaas PJ. Resting-state gamma-band power alterations in schizophrenia reveal E/I-balance abnormalities across illness-stages. eLife 2018; 7:37799. [PMID: 30260771 PMCID: PMC6160226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined alterations in E/I-balance in schizophrenia (ScZ) through measurements of resting-state gamma-band activity in participants meeting clinical high-risk (CHR) criteria (n = 88), 21 first episode (FEP) patients and 34 chronic ScZ-patients. Furthermore, MRS-data were obtained in CHR-participants and matched controls. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) resting-state activity was examined at source level and MEG-data were correlated with neuropsychological scores and clinical symptoms. CHR-participants were characterized by increased 64–90 Hz power. In contrast, FEP- and ScZ-patients showed aberrant spectral power at both low- and high gamma-band frequencies. MRS-data showed a shift in E/I-balance toward increased excitation in CHR-participants, which correlated with increased occipital gamma-band power. Finally, neuropsychological deficits and clinical symptoms in FEP and ScZ-patients were correlated with reduced gamma band-activity, while elevated psychotic symptoms in the CHR group showed the opposite relationship. The current study suggests that resting-state gamma-band power and altered Glx/GABA ratio indicate changes in E/I-balance parameters across illness stages in ScZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jozien Goense
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I Gumley
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Navarro Schröder
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagmar Koethe
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Markus Leweke
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolf Singer
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience and the Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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31
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Schuelert N, Dorner‐Ciossek C, Brendel M, Rosenbrock H. A comprehensive analysis of auditory event-related potentials and network oscillations in an NMDA receptor antagonist mouse model using a novel wireless recording technology. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13782. [PMID: 30155997 PMCID: PMC6113138 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that impaired sensory processing significantly contributes to cognitive deficits found in schizophrenia. Electroencephalography (EEG) has become an important preclinical and clinical technique to investigate the underlying mechanisms of neurophysiological dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders. Patients with schizophrenia show marked deficits in auditory event-related potentials (ERP), the detection of deviant auditory stimuli (mismatch negativity, MMN), the generation and synchronization of 40 Hz gamma oscillations in response to steady-state auditory stimulation (ASSR) and reduced auditory-evoked oscillation in the gamma range. Due to a novel data-logging technology (Neurologger, TSE Systems), it is now possible to record wireless EEG data in awake, free-moving small rodents without any restrictions due to size of the device or attached cables. Recently, a new version of the Neurologger was released with improved performance to record time-locked event-related EEG signals. In this study, we were able to show in mice that pharmacological intervention with the NMDA receptor antagonists Ketamine and MK-801 can impair a comprehensive selection of EEG/ERP readouts (ERP N1 amplitude, 40 Hz ASSR, basal and evoked gamma oscillation, MMN) and therefore mimic the EEG deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia. Our data support the translational value of NMDA receptor antagonists as a model for preclinical evaluation of sensory processing deficits relevant to schizophrenia. Further, the new Neurologger system is a suitable device for wireless recording of clinically relevant EEG biomarkers in freely moving mice and a robust translational tool to investigate novel therapeutic approaches regarding sensory processing deficits related to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Schuelert
- CNS Diseases Research GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Cornelia Dorner‐Ciossek
- CNS Diseases Research GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Michael Brendel
- Biostatistics and Data SciencesBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- CNS Diseases Research GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
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Anderson PM, Jones NC, O'Brien TJ, Pinault D. The N-Methyl d-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor Antagonist Ketamine Disrupts the Functional State of the Corticothalamic Pathway. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3172-3185. [PMID: 27261525 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-competitive N-methyl d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine elicits a brain state resembling high-risk states for developing psychosis and early stages of schizophrenia characterized by sensory and cognitive deficits and aberrant ongoing gamma (30-80 Hz) oscillations in cortical and subcortical structures, including the thalamus. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. The goal of the present study was to determine whether a ketamine-induced psychotic-relevant state disturbs the functional state of the corticothalamic (CT) pathway. Multisite field recordings were performed in the somatosensory CT system of the sedated rat. Baseline activity was challenged by activation of vibrissa-related prethalamic inputs. The sensory-evoked thalamic response was characterized by a short-latency (∼4 ms) prethalamic-mediated negative sharp potential and a longer latency (∼10 ms) CT-mediated negative potential. Following a single subcutaneous injection of ketamine (2.5 mg/kg), spontaneously occurring and sensory-evoked thalamic gamma oscillations increased and decreased in power, respectively. The power of the sensory-related gamma oscillations was positively correlated with both the amplitude and the area under the curve of the corresponding CT potential but not with the prethalamic potential. The present results show that the layer VI CT pathway significantly contributes in thalamic gamma oscillations, and they support the hypothesis that reduced NMDAR activation disturbs the functional state of CT and corticocortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Anderson
- Neuropsychologie cognitive et physiopathologie de la schizophrénie, INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Current address: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Didier Pinault
- Neuropsychologie cognitive et physiopathologie de la schizophrénie, INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Port RG, Gajewski C, Krizman E, Dow HC, Hirano S, Brodkin ES, Carlson GC, Robinson MB, Roberts TPL, Siegel SJ. Protocadherin 10 alters γ oscillations, amino acid levels, and their coupling; baclofen partially restores these oscillatory deficits. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:324-338. [PMID: 28844789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one in 45 children have been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is characterized by social/communication impairments. Recent studies have linked a subset of familial ASD to mutations in the Protocadherin 10 (Pcdh10) gene. Additionally, Pcdh10's expression pattern, as well as its known role within protein networks, implicates the gene in ASD. Subsequently, the neurobiology of mice heterozygous for Pcdh10 (Pcdh10+/-) has been investigated as a proxy for ASD. Male Pcdh10+/- mice have demonstrated sex-specific deficits in social behavior, recapitulating the gender bias observed in ASD. Furthermore, in vitro slice preparations of these Pcdh10+/- mice demonstrate selective decreases to high frequency electrophysiological responses, mimicking clinical observations. The direct in vivo ramifications of such decreased in vitro high frequency responses are unclear. As such, Pcdh10+/- mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates underwent in vivo electrocorticography (ECoG), as well as ex vivo amino acid concentration quantification using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Similar to the previously observed reductions to in vitro high frequency electrophysiological responses in Pcdh10+/- mice, male Pcdh10+/- mice exhibited reduced gamma-band (30-80Hz), but not lower frequency (10 and 20Hz), auditory steady state responses (ASSR). In addition, male Pcdh10+/- mice exhibited decreased signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high gamma-band (60-100Hz) activity. These gamma-band perturbations for both ASSR and SNR were not observed in females. Administration of a GABAB agonist remediated these electrophysiological alterations among male Pcdh10+/-mice. Pcdh10+/- mice demonstrated increased concentrations of GABA and glutamine. Of note, a correlation of auditory gamma-band responses with underlying GABA concentrations was observed in WT mice. This correlation was not present in Pcdh10+/- mice. This study demonstrates the role of Pcdh10 in the regulation of excitatory-inhibitory balance as a function of GABA in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G Port
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Gajewski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Krizman
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatric, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Holly C Dow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shinji Hirano
- Department of Cell Biology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory C Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael B Robinson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatric, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Systems Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Mihara T, Mensah-Brown K, Sobota R, Lin R, Featherstone R, Siegel SJ. Amygdala activity associated with social choice in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 332:84-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kealy J, Commins S, Lowry JP. The effect of NMDA-R antagonism on simultaneously acquired local field potentials and tissue oxygen levels in the brains of freely-moving rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:343-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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de la Salle S, Choueiry J, Shah D, Bowers H, McIntosh J, Ilivitsky V, Knott V. Effects of Ketamine on Resting-State EEG Activity and Their Relationship to Perceptual/Dissociative Symptoms in Healthy Humans. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:348. [PMID: 27729865 PMCID: PMC5037139 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists administered to healthy humans results in schizophrenia-like symptoms, which preclinical research suggests are due to glutamatergically altered brain oscillations. Here, we examined resting-state electroencephalographic activity in 21 healthy volunteers assessed in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study involving administration of either a saline infusion or a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist. Frequency-specific current source density (CSD) was assessed at sensor-level and source-level using eLORETA within regions of interest of a triple network model of schizophrenia (this model posits a dysfunctional switching between large-scale Default Mode and Central Executive networks by the monitor-controlling Salience Network). These CSDs were measured in each session along with subjective symptoms as indexed with the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale. Ketamine-induced CSD reductions in slow (delta/theta and alpha) and increases in fast (gamma) frequencies at scalp electrode sites were paralleled by frequency-specific CSD changes in the Default Mode, Central Executive, and Salience networks. Subjective symptoms scores were increased with ketamine and ratings of depersonalization in particular were associated with alpha CSD reductions in general and in specific regions of interest in each of the three networks. These results tentatively support the hypothesis that pathological brain oscillations associated with hypofunctional NMDA receptor activity may contribute to the emergence of the perceptual/dissociate symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley Bowers
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Judy McIntosh
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vadim Ilivitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada; Royal Ottawa Mental Health CentreOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health ResearchOttawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada
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Hill JL, Hardy NF, Jimenez DV, Maynard KR, Kardian AS, Pollock CJ, Schloesser RJ, Martinowich K. Loss of promoter IV-driven BDNF expression impacts oscillatory activity during sleep, sensory information processing and fear regulation. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e873. [PMID: 27552586 PMCID: PMC5022093 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by hyperarousal, sensory processing impairments, sleep disturbances and altered fear regulation; phenotypes associated with changes in brain oscillatory activity. Molecules associated with activity-dependent plasticity, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), may regulate neural oscillations by controlling synaptic activity. BDNF synthesis includes production of multiple Bdnf transcripts, which contain distinct 5' noncoding exons. We assessed arousal, sensory processing, fear regulation and sleep in animals where BDNF expression from activity-dependent promoter IV is disrupted (Bdnf-e4 mice). Bdnf-e4 mice display sensory hyper-reactivity and impaired electrophysiological correlates of sensory information processing as measured by event-related potentials (ERP). Utilizing electroencephalogram, we identified a decrease in slow-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep, suggesting impaired sleep homeostasis. Fear extinction is controlled by hippocampal-prefrontal cortical BDNF signaling, and neurophysiological communication patterns between the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) correlate with behavioral performance during extinction. Impaired fear extinction in Bdnf-e4 mice is accompanied by increased HPC activation and decreased HPC-mPFC theta phase synchrony during early extinction, as well as increased mPFC activation during extinction recall. These results suggest that activity-dependent BDNF signaling is critical for regulating oscillatory activity, which may contribute to altered behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hill
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N F Hardy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D V Jimenez
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A S Kardian
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C J Pollock
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R J Schloesser
- Sheppard Pratt-Lieber Research Institute, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, 347B, Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail:
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38
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Electrophysiological alterations in a complex rat model of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review our current understanding of abnormal γ band oscillations in schizophrenia, their association with symptoms and the underlying cortical circuit abnormality, with a particular focus on the role of fast-spiking parvalbumin gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the disease state. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical electrophysiological studies of schizophrenia patients and pharmacological models of the disorder show an increase in spontaneous γ band activity (not stimulus-evoked) measures. These findings provide a crucial link between preclinical and clinical work examining the role of γ band activity in schizophrenia. MRI-based experiments measuring cortical GABA provides evidence supporting impaired GABAergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia patients, which is correlated with γ band activity level. Several studies suggest that stimulation of the cortical circuitry, directly or via subcortical structures, has the potential to modulate cortical γ activity, and improve cognitive function. SUMMARY Abnormal γ band activity is observed in patients with schizophrenia and disease models in animals, and is suggested to underlie the psychosis and cognitive/perceptual deficits. Convergent evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies suggest the central factor in γ band abnormalities is impaired GABAergic neurotransmission, particularly in a subclass of neurons which express parvalbumin. Rescue of γ band abnormalities presents an intriguing option for therapeutic intervention.
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Alterations in High-Frequency Neuronal Oscillations in a Cynomolgus Macaque Test of Sustained Attention Following NMDA Receptor Antagonism. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1319-28. [PMID: 26354045 PMCID: PMC4793115 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) are disturbed in schizophrenic patients during cognitive processes and may represent an endophenotype of the disease. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have been used experimentally to induce schizophrenia-like symptoms including cognitive deficits in animals and humans. Here we characterized neuronal oscillations and event-related potentials (ERPs) in Cynomolgus macaques fully trained to perform a continuous performance test (CPT) in the presence and absence of the NMDA antagonist phencyclidine (PCP). Macaques (n=8) were trained to touch 'target' stimuli and ignore 'distractor' stimuli presented randomly on a touchscreen. Subsequently, all subjects were implanted with epidural EEG electrodes over frontal (FC) and parietal cortices (PC) and later tested under vehicle (saline, i.m.) or acute PCP (0.1-0.3 mg/kg, i.m.) conditions. Compared with vehicle treatment, PCP produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in CPT performance accuracy and increased reaction times. Furthermore, PCP elevated the amplitudes of 'low' (30-50 Hz) and 'high' (51-80 Hz) gamma oscillations in FC and PC around target presentations for all correct responses. The CPT accuracy was inversely correlated with the gamma band amplitude in the presence of PCP. Additionally, PCP delayed the N100 peak latency in FC, and prolonged and suppressed the cognitively relevant P300 component of mean ERPs in FC and PC, respectively. The NMDA receptor antagonist-induced alteration in neuronal oscillations and ERPs may contribute to the observed cognitive deficits in macaques, and enhance our understanding of EEG recordings as a translatable biomarker.
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Dexras1 a unique ras-GTPase interacts with NMDA receptor activity and provides a novel dissociation between anxiety, working memory and sensory gating. Neuroscience 2016; 322:408-15. [PMID: 26946266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dexras1 is a novel GTPase that acts at a confluence of signaling mechanisms associated with psychiatric and neurological disease including NMDA receptors, NOS1AP and nNOS. Recent work has shown that Dexras1 mediates iron trafficking and NMDA-dependent neurodegeneration but a role for Dexras1 in normal brain function or psychiatric disease has not been studied. To test for such a role, mice with germline knockout (KO) of Dexras1 were assayed for behavioral abnormalities as well as changes in NMDA receptor subunit protein expression. Because Dexras1 is up-regulated during stress or by dexamethasone treatment, we included measures associated with emotion including anxiety and depression. Baseline anxiety-like measures (open field and zero maze) were not altered, nor were depression-like behavior (tail suspension). Measures of memory function yielded mixed results, with no changes in episodic memory (novel object recognition) but a significant decrement on working memory (T-maze). Alternatively, there was an increase in pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), without concomitant changes in either startle amplitude or locomotor activity. PPI data are consistent with the direction of change seen following exposure to dopamine D2 antagonists. An examination of NMDA subunit expression levels revealed an increased expression of the NR2A subunit, contrary to previous studies demonstrating down-regulation of the receptor following antipsychotic exposure (Schmitt et al., 2003) and up-regulation after exposure to isolation rearing (Turnock-Jones et al., 2009). These findings suggest a potential role for Dexras1 in modulating a selective subset of psychiatric symptoms, possibly via its interaction with NMDARs and/or other disease-related binding-partners. Furthermore, data suggest that modulating Dexras1 activity has contrasting effects on emotional, sensory and cognitive domains.
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White RS, Siegel SJ. Cellular and circuit models of increased resting-state network gamma activity in schizophrenia. Neuroscience 2015; 321:66-76. [PMID: 26577758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a disorder characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions), negative symptoms (blunted affect, alogia, reduced sociability, and anhedonia), as well as persistent cognitive deficits (memory, concentration, and learning). While the biology underlying subjective experiences is difficult to study, abnormalities in electroencephalographic (EEG) measures offer a means to dissect potential circuit and cellular changes in brain function. EEG is indispensable for studying cerebral information processing due to the introduction of techniques for the decomposition of event-related activity into its frequency components. Specifically, brain activity in the gamma frequency range (30-80Hz) is thought to underlie cognitive function and may be used as an endophenotype to aid in diagnosis and treatment of SCZ. In this review we address evidence indicating that there is increased resting-state gamma power in SCZ. We address how modeling this aspect of the illness in animals may help treatment development as well as providing insights into the etiology of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - S J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Dodman K, Featherstone RE, Bang J, Liang Y, Siegel SJ. Ceftriaxone reverses ketamine-induced lasting EEG and astrocyte alterations in juvenile mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:14-20. [PMID: 26442907 PMCID: PMC4633341 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, is used as a pediatric anesthetic because of its favorable safety profile. It is also being investigated as an antidepressant. Unfortunately, ketamine causes adverse reactions including hallucinations and is associated with a high prevalence of abuse among adolescents. Although chronic ketamine use has been shown to produce cognitive impairments even years following cessation, little is known about its long-term consequences on adolescents. The beta-lactam ceftriaxone has been shown to attenuate alcohol withdrawal, and alleviate early brain injury and memory impairments following subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, its ability to reverse the effects of adolescent ketamine exposure is not known. Previous data indicate that ketamine causes a reduction in the number of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Type 2 (EAAT2)-containing astrocytes. Additionally, the beta lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone increased expression of EAAT2. As EAAT2 is a principal mechanism of glutamate clearance from the synapse, the current study tests the hypothesis that ceftriaxone may reverse functional consequences of ketamine exposure. METHODS We examined the effects of chronic ketamine in juvenile mice as well as reversal by ceftriaxone using electroencephalography (EEG). Subsequently, we assessed the effects of these treatments on markers of astrocyte proliferation, using Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), and function, as evidenced by EAAT2. RESULTS Juvenile mice exposed to chronic ketamine showed lasting alterations in EEG measurements as well as markers of astrocyte number and function. These alterations were reversed by ceftriaxone. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that ceftriaxone may be able to ameliorate ketamine-induced long-term disturbances in adolescent brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dodman
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - R E Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - J Bang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Y Liang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - S J Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Nagy LR, Featherstone RE, Hahn CG, Siegel SJ. Delayed emergence of behavioral and electrophysiological effects following juvenile ketamine exposure in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e635. [PMID: 26371763 PMCID: PMC5068812 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent ketamine abuse in adulthood correlates with increased risk of psychosis, as well as cognitive deficits, including disruption of higher-order executive function and memory formation. Although the primary abusers of ketamine are adolescents and young adults, few studies have evaluated its effects on juvenile cognition. Therefore, the current study analyzes the effect of adolescent ketamine exposure on cognitive development. Juvenile mice (4 weeks of age) were exposed to chronic ketamine (20 mg kg(-1), i.p. daily) for 14 days. Mice were tested immediately after exposure in the juvenile period (7 weeks of age) and again as adults (12 weeks of age). Measures included electroencephalography (EEG) in response to auditory stimulation, the social choice test, and a 6-arm radial water maze task. Outcome measures include low-frequency EEG responses, event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes, indices of social behavior and indices of spatial working memory. Juvenile exposure to ketamine was associated with electrophysiological abnormalities in adulthood, particularly in induced theta power and the P80 ERP. The social choice test revealed that ketamine-exposed mice failed to exhibit the same age-related decrease in social interaction time as controls. Ketamine-exposed mice outperformed control mice as juveniles on the radial water maze task, but did not show the same age-related improvement as adult controls. These data support the hypothesis that juvenile exposure to ketamine produces long-lasting changes in brain function that are characterized by a failure to progress along normal developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R E Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C G Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
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Rivolta D, Heidegger T, Scheller B, Sauer A, Schaum M, Birkner K, Singer W, Wibral M, Uhlhaas PJ. Ketamine Dysregulates the Amplitude and Connectivity of High-Frequency Oscillations in Cortical-Subcortical Networks in Humans: Evidence From Resting-State Magnetoencephalography-Recordings. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:1105-14. [PMID: 25987642 PMCID: PMC4535642 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypofunctioning of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) has been prominently implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (ScZ). The current study tested the effects of ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic and NMDA-R antagonist, on resting-state activity recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in healthy volunteers. In a single-blind cross-over design, each participant (n = 12) received, on 2 different sessions, a subanesthetic dose of S-ketamine (0.006 mg/Kg) and saline injection. MEG-data were analyzed at sensor- and source-level in the beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-90 Hz) frequency ranges. In addition, connectivity analysis at source-level was performed using transfer entropy (TE). Ketamine increased gamma-power while beta-band activity was decreased. Specifically, elevated 30-90 Hz activity was pronounced in subcortical (thalamus and hippocampus) and cortical (frontal and temporal cortex) regions, whilst reductions in beta-band power were localized to the precuneus, cerebellum, anterior cingulate, temporal and visual cortex. TE analysis demonstrated increased information transfer in a thalamo-cortical network after ketamine administration. The findings are consistent with the pronounced dysregulation of high-frequency oscillations following the inhibition of NMDA-R in animal models of ScZ as well as with evidence from electroencephalogram-data in ScZ-patients and increased functional connectivity during early illness stages. Moreover, our data highlight the potential contribution of thalamo-cortical connectivity patterns towards ketamine-induced neuronal dysregulation, which may be relevant for the understanding of ScZ as a disorder of disinhibition of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rivolta
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in cooperation with Max Planck Society (ESI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,School of Psychology, University of East London (UEL), London, UK
| | - Tonio Heidegger
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Clinic for Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Sauer
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in cooperation with Max Planck Society (ESI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Birkner
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in cooperation with Max Planck Society (ESI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolf Singer
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in cooperation with Max Planck Society (ESI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Peter J. Uhlhaas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in cooperation with Max Planck Society (ESI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany;,Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Hillead Street 58, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK; tel: 44-141-330-8730, fax: 44-141-330-8730, e-mail:
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46
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Lodge D, Mercier MS. Ketamine and phencyclidine: the good, the bad and the unexpected. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4254-76. [PMID: 26075331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of ketamine and phencyclidine from their development as potential clinical anaesthetics through drugs of abuse and animal models of schizophrenia to potential rapidly acting antidepressants is reviewed. The discovery in 1983 of the NMDA receptor antagonist property of ketamine and phencyclidine was a key step to understanding their pharmacology, including their psychotomimetic effects in man. This review describes the historical context and the course of that discovery and its expansion into other hallucinatory drugs. The relevance of these findings to modern hypotheses of schizophrenia and the implications for drug discovery are reviewed. The findings of the rapidly acting antidepressant effects of ketamine in man are discussed in relation to other glutamatergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lodge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M S Mercier
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Rosen AM, Spellman T, Gordon JA. Electrophysiological endophenotypes in rodent models of schizophrenia and psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:1041-9. [PMID: 25910423 PMCID: PMC4444383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is caused by a diverse array of risk factors and results in a similarly diverse set of symptoms. Electrophysiological endophenotypes lie between risks and symptoms and have the potential to link the two. Electrophysiological studies in rodent models, described here, demonstrate that widely differing risk factors result in a similar set of core electrophysiological endophenotypes, suggesting the possibility of a shared neurobiological substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Timothy Spellman
- Department of Physiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Joshua A. Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY 10032,Division of Integrative Neuroscience New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY 10032,Correspondence to: Joshua A. Gordon 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 87 Kolb Annex Room 140 New York, NY 10032 Ph. 646 774-7116 Fax. 646 774-7101
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Uhlhaas PJ, Singer W. Oscillations and neuronal dynamics in schizophrenia: the search for basic symptoms and translational opportunities. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:1001-9. [PMID: 25676489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A considerable body of work over the last 10 years combining noninvasive electrophysiology (electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography) in patient populations with preclinical research has contributed to the conceptualization of schizophrenia as a disorder associated with aberrant neural dynamics and disturbances in excitation/inhibition balance. This complements previous research that has largely focused on the identification of abnormalities in circumscribed brain regions and on disturbances of dopaminergic mechanisms as a cause of positive symptoms and executive deficits. In the current review, we provide an update on studies focusing on aberrant neural dynamics. First, we discuss the role of rhythmic activity in neural dynamics and in the coordination of distributed neuronal activity into organized neural states. This is followed by an overview on the current evidence for impaired neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia and associated abnormalities in gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Finally, we discuss the distinction between fundamental symptoms, which are reflected in cognitive deficits, and psychotic, accessory symptoms, the latter likely constituting a compensatory response for aberrant neuronal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Wolf Singer
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research; Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, in Cooperation with Max Planck Society; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Long LE, Anderson P, Frank E, Shaw A, Liu S, Huang XF, Pinault D, Karl T, O’Brien TJ, Shannon Weickert C, Jones NC. Neuregulin 1 expression and electrophysiological abnormalities in the Neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain heterozygous mutant mouse. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124114. [PMID: 25992564 PMCID: PMC4437646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain heterozygous mutant (Nrg1 TM HET) mouse is used to investigate the role of Nrg1 in brain function and schizophrenia-like behavioural phenotypes. However, the molecular alterations in brain Nrg1 expression that underpin the behavioural observations have been assumed, but not directly determined. Here we comprehensively characterise mRNA Nrg1 transcripts throughout development of the Nrg1 TM HET mouse. In addition, we investigate the regulation of high-frequency (gamma) electrophysiological oscillations in this mutant mouse to associate molecular changes in Nrg1 with a schizophrenia-relevant neurophysiological profile. Methods Using exonic probes spanning the cysteine-rich, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like, transmembrane and intracellular domain encoding regions of Nrg1, mRNA levels were measured using qPCR in hippocampus and frontal cortex from male and female Nrg1 TM HET and wild type-like (WT) mice throughout development. We also performed electrophysiological recordings in adult mice and analysed gamma oscillatory at baseline, in responses to auditory stimuli and to ketamine. Results In both hippocampus and cortex, Nrg1 TM HET mice show significantly reduced expression of the exon encoding the transmembrane domain of Nrg1 compared with WT, but unaltered mRNA expression encoding the extracellular bioactive EGF-like and the cysteine-rich (type III) domains, and development-specific and region-specific reductions in the mRNA encoding the intracellular domain. Hippocampal Nrg1 protein expression was not altered, but NMDA receptor NR2B subunit phosphorylation was lower in Nrg1 TM HET mice. We identified elevated ongoing and reduced sensory-evoked gamma power in Nrg1 TM HET mice. Interpretation We found no evidence to support the claim that the Nrg1 TM HET mouse represents a simple haploinsufficient model. Further research is required to explore the possibility that mutation results in a gain of Nrg1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora E. Long
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Anderson
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Frank
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex Shaw
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Didier Pinault
- INSERM U1114, psychopathologie cognitive et physiopathologie de la schizophrénie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tim Karl
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terence J. O’Brien
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (CSW); (NCJ)
| | - Nigel C. Jones
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (CSW); (NCJ)
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50
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Featherstone RE, McMullen MF, Ward KR, Bang J, Xiao J, Siegel SJ. EEG biomarkers of target engagement, therapeutic effect, and disease process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:12-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mary F. McMullen
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn R. Ward
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jakyung Bang
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Xiao
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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