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Casanova F, Tian Q, Williamson DS, Qian Y, Zweibaum D, Ding J, Atkins JL, Melzer D, Ferrucci L, Pilling LC. MRI-derived brain iron, grey matter volume, and risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease: Observational and genetic analysis in the UK Biobank cohort. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 197:106539. [PMID: 38789058 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron overload is observed in neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Homozygotes for the iron-overload (haemochromatosis) causing HFE p.C282Y variant have increased risk of dementia and PD. Whether brain iron deposition is causal or secondary to the neurodegenerative processes in the general population is unclear. METHODS We analysed 39,533 UK Biobank participants of European genetic ancestry with brain MRI data. We studied brain iron estimated by R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 8 subcortical regions: accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, substantia nigra, and thalamus. We performed genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) and used Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods to estimate the causal effect of brain iron on grey matter volume, and risk of AD, non-AD and PD. We also used MR to test whether genetic liability to AD or PD causally increased brain iron (R2* and QSM). FINDINGS In GWAS of R2* and QSM we replicated 83% of previously reported genetic loci and identified 174 further loci across all eight brain regions. Higher genetically predicted brain iron, using both R2* and QSM, was associated with lower grey matter volumes in the caudate, putamen and thalamus (e.g., Beta-putamenQSM: -0.37, p = 2*10-46). Higher genetically predicted thalamus R2* was associated with increased risk of non-AD dementia (OR 1.36(1.16;1.60), p = 2*10-4) but not AD (p > 0.05). In males, genetically predicted putamen R2* increased non-AD dementia risk, but not in females. Higher genetically predicted iron in the caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra was associated with an increased risk of PD (Odds Ratio QSM ∼ substantia-nigra 1.21(1.07;1.37), p = 0.003). Genetic liability to AD or PD was not associated with R2* or QSM in the dementia or PD-associated regions. INTERPRETATION Our genetic analysis supports a causal effect of higher iron deposition in specific subcortical brain regions for Parkinson's disease, grey matter volume, and non-Alzheimer's dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Casanova
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Magdalen Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Qu Tian
- Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Daniel S Williamson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Magdalen Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Exeter, Magdalen Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Yong Qian
- Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Zweibaum
- Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Janice L Atkins
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Magdalen Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK
| | - David Melzer
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Magdalen Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Magdalen Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK.
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Robertson KV, Rodriguez AS, Cartailler JP, Shrestha S, Schroeder KR, Valenti AM, Harrison FE, Hasty AH. Knockdown of microglial iron import gene, DMT1, worsens cognitive function and alters microglial transcriptional landscape in a sex-specific manner in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4559940. [PMID: 38978579 PMCID: PMC11230470 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4559940/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Microglial cell iron load and inflammatory activation are significant hallmarks of late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro, microglia preferentially upregulate the iron importer, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, gene name Slc11a2) in response to inflammatory stimuli, and excess iron can augment cellular inflammation, suggesting a feed-forward loop between iron import mechanisms and inflammatory signaling. However, it is not understood whether microglial iron import mechanisms directly contribute to inflammatory signaling and chronic disease in vivo. These studies determined the effects of microglial-specific knockdown of Slc11a2 on AD-related cognitive decline and microglial transcriptional phenotype. Methods In vitro experiments and RT-qPCR were used to assess a role for DMT1 in amyloid-β-associated inflammation. To determine the effects of microglial Slc11a2 knockdown on AD-related phenotypes in vivo, triple-transgenic Cx3cr1 Cre - ERT2 ;Slc11a2 flfl;APP/PS1 + or - mice were generated and administered corn oil or tamoxifen to induce knockdown at 5-6 months of age. Both sexes underwent behavioral analyses to assess cognition and memory (12-15 months of age). Hippocampal CD11b + microglia were magnetically isolated from female mice (15-17 months) and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted. Results DMT1 inhibition in vitro robustly decreased Aβ-induced inflammatory gene expression and cellular iron levels in conditions of excess iron. In vivo, Slc11a2 KD APP/PS1 female, but not male, mice displayed a significant worsening of memory function in Morris water maze and a fear conditioning assay, along with significant hyperactivity compared to control WT and APP/PS1 mice. Hippocampal microglia from Slc11a2 KD APP/PS1 females displayed significant increases in Enpp2, Ttr, and the iron-export gene, Slc40a1, compared to control APP/PS1 cells. Slc11a2 KD cells from APP/PS1 females also exhibited decreased expression of markers associated with disease-associated microglia (DAMs), such as Apoe, Ctsb, Csf1, and Hif1α. Conclusions This work suggests a sex-specific role for microglial iron import gene Slc11a2 in propagating behavioral and cognitive phenotypes in the APP/PS1 model of AD. These data also highlight an association between loss of a DAM-like phenotype in microglia and cognitive deficits in Slc11a2 KD APP/PS1 female mice. Overall, this work illuminates an iron-related pathway in microglia that may serve a protective role during disease and offers insight into mechanisms behind disease-related sex differences.
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Tan RX, Li WH, Pang JM, Zhong SM, Huang XY, Deng JZ, Zhou LY, Wu JQ, Wang XQ. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 2,2'-bipyridyl derivatives as bifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1225-1238. [PMID: 37119457 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Metal ion dyshomeostasis and Aβ aggregation have been proposed to contribute to AD progression. Metal ions can bind to Aβ and promote Aβ aggregation, and ultimately lead to neuronal death. Bifunctional (metal chelation and Aβ interaction) compounds are showing promise against AD. In this work, eleven new 3,3'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine derivatives 4a-4k were synthesized, and evaluated as bifunctional agents for AD treatment. In vitro Aβ aggregation inhibition assay confirmed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibition. Among them, compound 4d displayed the best inhibitory potency of self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation with IC50 value of 9.4 µM, and it could selectively chelate with Cu2+ and exhibited 66.2% inhibition of Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Meanwhile, compound 4d showed strong neuroprotective activity against Aβ1-42 and Cu2+-treated Aβ1-42 induced cell damage. Moreover, compound 4d in high dose significantly reversed Aβ-induced memory impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xian Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Min Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Min Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Ze Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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Rosenblum SL, Bailey DK, Kosman DJ. Calcium and IL-6 regulate the anterograde trafficking and plasma membrane residence of the iron exporter ferroportin to modulate iron efflux. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107348. [PMID: 38718866 PMCID: PMC11154712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for proper cell functioning, but unbalanced levels can cause cell death. Iron metabolism is controlled at the blood-tissue barriers provided by microvascular endothelial cells. Dysregulated iron metabolism at these barriers is a factor in both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Mammalian iron efflux is mediated by the iron efflux transporter ferroportin (Fpn). Inflammation is a factor in many diseases and correlates with increased tissue iron accumulation. Evidence suggests treatment with interleukin 6 (IL-6) increases intracellular calcium levels and calcium is known to play an important role in protein trafficking. We have shown that calcium increases plasma membrane localization of the iron uptake proteins ZIP8 and ZIP14, but if and how calcium modulates Fpn trafficking is unknown. In this article, we examined the effects of IL-6 and calcium on Fpn localization to the plasma membrane. In HEK cells expressing a doxycycline-inducible GFP-tagged Fpn, calcium increased Fpn-GFP membrane presence by 2 h, while IL-6 increased membrane-localized Fpn-GFP by 3 h. Calcium pretreatment increased Fpn-GFP mediated 55Fe efflux from cells. Endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores were shown to be important for Fpn-GFP localization and iron efflux. Use of calmodulin pathway inhibitors showed that calcium signaling is important for IL-6-induced Fpn relocalization. Studies in brain microvascular endothelial cells in transwell culture demonstrated an initial increase in 55Fe flux with IL-6 that is reduced by 6 h coinciding with upregulation of hepcidin. Overall, this research details one pathway by which inflammatory signaling mediated by calcium can regulate iron metabolism, likely contributing to inflammatory disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina L Rosenblum
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Danielle K Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Mitroshina EV, Vedunova MV. The Role of Oxygen Homeostasis and the HIF-1 Factor in the Development of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4581. [PMID: 38731800 PMCID: PMC11083463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular underpinnings of neurodegeneration processes is a pressing challenge for medicine and neurobiology. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent the most prevalent forms of neurodegeneration. To date, a substantial body of experimental evidence has strongly implicated hypoxia in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological disorders, including AD, PD, and other age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that triggers a cell survival program in conditions of oxygen deprivation. The involvement of HIF-1α in neurodegenerative processes presents a complex and sometimes contradictory picture. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of the interplay between hypoxia and the development of AD and PD, assess the involvement of HIF-1 in their pathogenesis, and summarize promising therapeutic approaches centered on modulating the activity of the HIF-1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mitroshina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
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Han J, Zhang J, Yao X, Meng M, Wan Y, Cheng Y. Mechanism of HDAC1 Regulating Iron Overload-Induced Neuronal Oxidative Damage After Cerebral Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04000-2. [PMID: 38403721 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Iron overload is associated with brain edema in the context of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we investigated the role of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in mediating oxidative damage induced by iron overload after ICH. Utilizing ICH mouse models and FeCl2-induced HT-22 cell models, we assessed HDAC1 expression and its impact on iron overload and oxidative damage. We examined the levels of Kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4), RAN binding protein 9 (RANBP9), as well as the acetylation levels of HDAC1 and histones H3 and H4 in the KLF4 promoter, and the KLF4 level in the RANBP9 promoter. Additionally, we investigated the binding relationships between KLF4 and the RANBP9 promoter, HDAC1 and miR-129-5p. Our results demonstrated elevated HDAC1 expression in ICH mice and FeCl2-induced HT-22 cells. HDAC1 silencing improved neurological function in mice, reduced brain edema, and alleviated iron overload and oxidative damage in vitro. HDAC1 downregulated KLF4 expression by reducing acetylation levels in the KLF4 promoter, leading to decreased KLF4 enrichment in the RANBP9 promoter and increased RANBP9 expression. Furthermore, upstream miR-129-5p inhibited HDAC1, and the downregulation of miR-129-5p mitigated the protective effect of HDAC1 silencing. Collectively, our findings highlight the significant role of HDAC1 in exacerbating iron overload-induced oxidative damage following ICH and its regulation by miR-129-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yahui Wan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Ghaderi S, Mohammadi S, Nezhad NJ, Karami S, Sayehmiri F. Iron quantification in basal ganglia: quantitative susceptibility mapping as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1338891. [PMID: 38469572 PMCID: PMC10925682 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1338891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by distinctive pathologies such as amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles, also involves deregulation of iron homeostasis, which may accelerate neurodegeneration. This meta-analysis evaluated the use of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to detect iron accumulation in the deep gray matter (DGM) of the basal ganglia in AD, contributing to a better understanding of AD progression, and potentially leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases up to October 2023 for studies employing QSM in AD research. Eligibility criteria were based on the PECO framework, and we included studies assessing alterations in magnetic susceptibility indicative of iron accumulation in the DGM of patients with AD. After initial screening and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare iron levels between patients with AD and healthy controls (HCs) using a random-effects model. Results The meta-analysis included nine studies comprising 267 patients with AD and 272 HCs. There were significantly higher QSM values, indicating greater iron deposition, in the putamen (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.84; p = 0.00), globus pallidus (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.07 to 1.52; p = 0.03), and caudate nucleus (SMD = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.06; p = 0.00) of AD patients compared to HCs. However, no significant differences were found in the thalamus (SMD = 1.00; 95% CI: -0.42 to 2.43; p = 0.17). The sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study impacted the overall results. Age was identified as a major contributor to heterogeneity across all basal ganglia nuclei in subgroup analysis. Older age (>69 years) and lower male percentage (≤30%) were associated with greater putamen iron increase in patients with AD. Conclusion The study suggests that excessive iron deposition is linked to the basal ganglia in AD, especially the putamen. The study underscores the complex nature of AD pathology and the accumulation of iron, influenced by age, sex, and regional differences, necessitating further research for a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Jashire Nezhad
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Karami
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Volk Robertson K, Schleh MW, Harrison FE, Hasty AH. Microglial-specific knockdown of iron import gene, Slc11a2, blunts LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:370-384. [PMID: 38141840 PMCID: PMC10874246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and microglial iron load are significant hallmarks found in several neurodegenerative diseases. In in vitro systems, microglia preferentially upregulate the iron importer, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, gene name Slc11a2) in response to inflammatory stimuli, and it has been shown that iron can augment cellular inflammation, suggesting a feed-forward loop between mechanisms involved in iron import and inflammatory signaling. However, it is not understood how microglial iron import mechanisms contribute to inflammation in vivo, or whether altering a microglial iron-related gene affects the inflammatory response. These studies aimed to determine the effect of knocking down microglial iron import gene Slc11a2 on the inflammatory response in vivo. We generated a novel model of tamoxifen-inducible, microglial-specific Slc11a2 knockdown using Cx3cr1Cre-ERT2 mice. Transgenic male and female mice were administered intraperitoneal saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and assessed for sickness behavior post-injection. Plasma cytokines and microglial bulk RNA sequencing (RNASeq) analyses were performed at 4 h post-LPS, and microglia were collected for gene expression analysis after 24 h. A subset of mice was assessed in a behavioral test battery following LPS-induced sickness recovery. Control male, but not female, mice significantly upregulated microglial Slc11a2 at 4 and 24 h following LPS. In Slc11a2 knockdown mice, we observed an improvement in the acute behavioral sickness response post-LPS in male, but not female, animals. Microglia from male, but not female, knockdown animals exhibited a significant decrease in LPS-provoked pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after 24 h. RNASeq data from male knockdown microglia 4 h post-LPS revealed a robust downregulation in inflammatory genes including Il6, Tnfα, and Il1β, and an increase in anti-inflammatory and homeostatic markers (e.g., Tgfbr1, Cx3cr1, and Trem2). This corresponded with a profound decrease in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines 4 h post-LPS. At 4 h, male knockdown microglia also upregulated expression of markers of iron export, iron recycling, and iron homeostasis and decreased iron storage and import genes, along with pro-oxidant markers such as Cybb, Nos2, and Hif1α. Overall, this work elucidates how manipulating a specific gene involved in iron import in microglia alters acute inflammatory signaling and overall cell activation state in male mice. These data highlight a sex-specific link between a microglial iron import gene and the pro-inflammatory response to LPS in vivo, providing further insight into the mechanisms driving neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Volk Robertson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael W Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Petralla S, Saveleva L, Kanninen KM, Oster JS, Panayotova M, Fricker G, Puris E. Increased Expression of Transferrin Receptor 1 in the Brain Cortex of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated with Activation of HIF-1 Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03990-3. [PMID: 38296900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite intensive research efforts, there are currently no effective treatments to cure and prevent AD. There is growing evidence that dysregulation of iron homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Given the important role of the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in regulating iron distribution in the brain, as well as in the drug delivery, we investigated its expression in the brain cortex and isolated brain microvessels from female 8-month-old 5xFAD mice mimicking advanced stage of AD. Moreover, we explored the association between the TfR1 expression and the activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in 5xFAD mice. Finally, we studied the impact of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 on TfR1 expression in the brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. In the present study, we revealed that an increase in TfR1 protein levels observed in the brain cortex of 5xFAD mice was associated with activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway as well as accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, incubation of Aβ peptides in hCMEC/D3 cells did not affect the expression of TfR1, which supported our findings of unaltered TfR1 expression in the isolated brain microvessels in 5xFAD mice. In conclusion, the study provides important information about the expression of TfR1 in the 5xFAD mouse model and the potential role of HIF-1 signaling pathway in the regulation of TfR1 in AD, which could represent a promising strategy for the development of therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petralla
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liudmila Saveleva
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Julia S Oster
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Panayotova
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Syed RA, Hayat M, Qaiser H, Uzair M, Al-Regaiey K, Khallaf R, Kaleem I, Bashir S. Aging-Related Protein Alterations in the Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S5-S22. [PMID: 38339930 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging is an intrinsic aspect of an organism's life cycle and is characterized by progressive physiological decline and increased susceptibility to mortality. Many age-associated disorders, including neurological disorders, are most commonly linked with the aging process, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of aging and AD on the molecular pathways and levels of different proteins in the brain, including metalloproteins, neurotrophic factors, amyloid proteins, and tau proteins. AD is caused by the aggregation of amyloid proteins in the brain. Factors such as metal ions, protein ligands, and the oligomerization state of amyloid precursor protein significantly influence the proteolytic processing of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). Tau, a disordered cytosolic protein, serves as the principal microtubule-associated protein in mature neurons. AD patients exhibit decreased levels of nerve growth factor within their nervous systems and cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, a significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor resulting from the neuroprotective effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor suggests that the synergistic action of these proteins plays a role in inhibiting neuronal degeneration and atrophy. The mechanism through which Aβ and AβPP govern Cu2+ transport and their influence on Cu2+ and other metal ion pools requires elucidation in future studies. A comprehensive understanding of the influence of aging and AD on molecular pathways and varying protein levels may hold the potential for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafay Ali Syed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Hayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Khallaf
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain R, Graham U, Elder A, Nedergaard M. Air pollution, glymphatic impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:901-911. [PMID: 37777345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a link between air pollution exposure and the onset and progression of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is limited. This opinion article examines the hypothesis that air pollution-induced impairment of glymphatic clearance represents a crucial etiological event in the development of AD. Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) leads to systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, increased metal load, respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunction, and sleep abnormalities. All these factors are known to reduce the efficiency of glymphatic clearance. Rescuing glymphatic function by restricting the impact of causative agents, and improving sleep and cardiovascular system health, may increase the efficiency of waste metabolite clearance and subsequently slow the progression of AD. In sum, we introduce air pollution-mediated glymphatic impairment as an important mechanistic factor to be considered when interpreting the etiology and progression of AD as well as its responsiveness to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Hussain
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | | | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Roy R, Mandal PK, Maroon JC. Oxidative Stress Occurs Prior to Amyloid Aβ Plaque Formation and Tau Phosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Glutathione and Metal Ions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2944-2954. [PMID: 37561556 PMCID: PMC10485904 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Although the pathogenesis remains obscure, there are two dominant causal hypotheses. Since last three decades, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was the most prominent hypothesis, and the other is the tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesis. The confirmed diagnostic criterion for AD is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau and the deposition of toxic oligomeric Aβ in the autopsied brain. Consistent with these hypotheses, oxidative stress (OS) is garnering major attention in AD research. OS results from an imbalance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants. There is a considerable debate in the scientific community on which process occurs first, OS or plaque deposition/tau hyperphosphorylation. Based on recent scientific observations of various laboratories including ours along with critical analysis of those information, we believe that OS is the early event that leads to oligomeric Aβ deposition as well as dimerization of tau protein and its subsequent hyperphosphorylation. This OS hypothesis immediately suggests the consideration of novel therapeutic approaches to include antioxidants involving glutathione enrichment in the brain by supplementation with or without an iron chelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimil
Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122052, India
| | - Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122052, India
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph C. Maroon
- Department
of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh
Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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13
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Gao G, Chang YZ. Iron Metabolism, Redox Balance and Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1721. [PMID: 37760024 PMCID: PMC10525420 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for life, and the dysregulation of iron homeostasis can lead to severe pathological changes in the neurological system [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan’er Huan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
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14
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Schreiner OD, Schreiner TG. Iron chelators as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease-A mini-review. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1234958. [PMID: 37602277 PMCID: PMC10433644 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1234958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain a great challenge regarding the finding of effective treatment, one main reason being the incomplete understanding of their etiology. With many intensely debated hypotheses, a newer approach based on the impact of iron imbalance in sustaining neurodegeneration in the central nervous system becomes increasingly popular. Altered iron homeostasis leads to increased iron accumulation in specific brain areas, explaining the clinical picture of AD patients. Moreover, growing evidence sustains the significant impact of iron metabolism in relationship to other pathological processes encountered in the AD-affected brain, such as the amyloidogenic pathway, chronic inflammation, or oxidative stress. In this context, this mini-review aims to summarize the novel data from the continuously expanding literature on this topic in a didactic manner. Thus, in the first part, the authors briefly highlight the most relevant aspects related to iron absorption, transport, regulation, and elimination at the cerebral level, focusing on the role of the blood-brain barrier and the newer concept of ferroptosis. Subsequently, currently available iron chelation therapies are discussed, including an overview of the most relevant clinical trials on this topic. In the final part, based on the latest results from in vitro and in vivo studies, new research directions are suggested to enhance the development of effective antidementia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Daniel Schreiner
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Medical Oncology Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Qian ZM, Li W, Guo Q. Ferroportin1 in the brain. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101961. [PMID: 37236369 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite years of research, it remains unclear why certain brain regions of patients with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have abnormally high levels of iron, although it has long been suggested that disrupted expression of iron-metabolizing proteins due to genetic or non-genetic factors is responsible for the enhancement in brain iron contents. In addition to the increased expression of cell-iron importers lactoferrin (lactotransferrin) receptor (LfR) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and melanotransferrin (p97) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), some investigations have suggested that cell-iron exporter ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) may be also associated with the elevated iron observed in the brain. The decreased expression of Fpn1 and the resulting decrease in the amount of iron excreted from brain cells has been thought to be able to enhance iron levels in the brain in AD, PD and other NDs. Cumulative results also suggest that the reduction of Fpn1 can be induced by hepcidin-dependent and -independent pathways. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of Fpn1 expression in the brain and cell lines of rats, mice and humans, with emphasis on the potential involvement of reduced Fpn1 in brain iron enhancement in patients with AD, PD and other NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Qian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China 226019.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China 226019
| | - Qian Guo
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 881 Yonghe Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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16
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Gao G, You L, Zhang J, Chang YZ, Yu P. Brain Iron Metabolism, Redox Balance and Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1289. [PMID: 37372019 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke, is increasing. An increasing number of studies have correlated these diseases with brain iron overload and the resulting oxidative damage. Brain iron deficiency has also been closely linked to neurodevelopment. These neurological disorders seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients and bring heavy economic burdens to families and society. Therefore, it is important to maintain brain iron homeostasis and to understand the mechanism of brain iron disorders affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, resulting in neural damage, cell death and, ultimately, leading to the development of disease. Evidence has shown that many therapies targeting brain iron and ROS imbalances have good preventive and therapeutic effects on neurological diseases. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis and treatment strategies of brain iron metabolism disorders in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofen Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Linhao You
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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17
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Guo S, Zhong A, Zhang D, Gao J, Ni Y, Zhao R, Ma W. ATP2B3 Inhibition Alleviates Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis in HT-22 Cells through the P62-KEAP1-NRF2-HO-1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119199. [PMID: 37298147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis participates in the occurrence and development of neurological disorders. Modulating ferroptosis may have therapeutic potential in nervous system diseases. Therefore, TMTbased proteomic analysis in HT-22 cells was performed to identify erastin-induced differentially expressed proteins. The calcium-transporting ATP2B3 (ATP2B3) was screened as a target protein. ATP2B3 knockdown markedly alleviated the erastin-induced decrease in cell viability and elevated ROS (p < 0.01) and reversed the up-regulation of oxidative stress-related proteins polyubiquitin-binding protein p62 (P62), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) protein expression (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) and the down-regulation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1) protein expression (p < 0.01). Moreover, NRF2 knockdown, P62 inhibition, or KEAP1 overexpression rescued the erastin-induced decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05) and increase in ROS production (p < 0.01) in HT-22 cells, while simultaneous overexpression of NRF2 and P62 and knockdown of KEAP1 partially offset the relief effect of ATP2B3 inhibition. In addition, knockdown of ATP2B3, NRF2, and P62 and overexpression of KEAP1 significantly down-regulated erastin-induced high expression of the HO-1 protein, while HO-1 overexpression reversed the alleviating effects of ATP2B3 inhibition on the erastin-induced decrease in cell viability (p < 0.01) and increase in ROS production (p < 0.01) in HT-22 cells. Taken together, ATP2B3 inhibition mediates the alleviation of erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT-22 cells through the P62-KEAP1-NRF2-HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aiying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Wu L, Xian X, Tan Z, Dong F, Xu G, Zhang M, Zhang F. The Role of Iron Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Redox Homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease: from the Perspective of Ferroptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2832-2850. [PMID: 36735178 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cell death is common. Novel cell death form-ferroptosis is discovered in recent years. Ferroptosis is an iron-regulated programmed cell death mechanism and has been identified in AD clinical samples. Typical characteristics of ferroptosis involve the specific changes in cell morphology, iron-dependent aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides, loss of glutathione (GSH), inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and a unique group of regulatory genes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis may be associated with neurological dysfunction in AD. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This article reviews the potential role of ferroptosis in AD, the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological progression of AD through the mechanisms of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis, as well as a range of potential therapies targeting ferroptosis for AD. Intervention strategies based on ferroptosis are promising for Alzheimer's disease treatment at present, but further researches are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Afsar A, Chacon Castro MDC, Soladogun AS, Zhang L. Recent Development in the Understanding of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087258. [PMID: 37108421 PMCID: PMC10138573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to dementia and patient death. AD is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition, and neurodegeneration. Diverse alterations have been associated with AD progression, including genetic mutations, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metal ion imbalance.Additionally, recent studies have shown an association between altered heme metabolism and AD. Unfortunately, decades of research and drug development have not produced any effective treatments for AD. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology and identifying potential therapeutic targets are crucial for AD drug development. This review discusses the most common alterations associated with AD and promising therapeutic targets for AD drug discovery. Furthermore, it highlights the role of heme in AD development and summarizes mathematical models of AD, including a stochastic mathematical model of AD and mathematical models of the effect of Aβ on AD. We also summarize the potential treatment strategies that these models can offer in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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20
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The Role of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Treatment Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010864. [PMID: 36614305 PMCID: PMC9821184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. However, emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation, mediated notably by activated neuroglial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, understanding the interplay between the nervous and immune systems might be the key to the prevention or delay of Alzheimer's disease progression. One of the most important mechanisms determining gliogenic cell fate is the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway that is influenced by the overactivation of microglia and astrocytes. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the critical factors that promote neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease by initiating innate immunity, orchestrating adaptive immune mechanisms, and finally, constraining neuroinflammatory response. Since a chronic neuroinflammatory environment in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, understanding the process would allow establishing the underlying role of neuroinflammation, then estimating the prognosis of Alzheimer's disease development and finding a new potential treatment target. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the potential role of JAK/STAT signaling in neurological diseases with a focus on discussing future research directions regarding novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
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21
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Role of amyloid beta (25-35) neurotoxicity in the ferroptosis and necroptosis as modalities of regulated cell death in Alzheimer's disease. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:71-86. [PMID: 36347329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death as a prominent pathological feature contributes to cognitive decline and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the role of two forms of cell death pathways, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and their interactions following entorhinal cortex (EC) amyloidopathy. The Aβ25-35 was bilaterally injected into the rat's EC, and Morris Water Maze was applied to determine spatial performance one week after Aβ injection. For evaluation of ferroptosis and necroptosis involvement in Aβ induced pathology, ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin (Fer-1), and necroptosis inhibitor, Necrostatin (Nec-1), were injected into the EC during training days of behavioral test. Our behavioral and histological assessment showed spatial learning and memory impairment, along with neuropathology changes such as cell survival and intracellular Aβ deposits in response to EC amyloidopathy, which were ameliorated by treatment with Fer-1 or Nec-1. The expression of ferroptosis key factors GPX4 and SLC7A11 were decreased and the level of TfR was increased following Aβ toxicity. Also, Necroptosis pathway related factors RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL were modulated by Aβ neurotoxicity. However, application of Fer-1 or Nec-1 could inhibit the hippocampal ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways due to EC amyloidopathy. Our data also demonstrated that Aβ-induced necroptosis suppressed by Fer-1, although Nec-1 had no effect on ferroptosis, indicating that ferroptosis pathway is upstream of necroptosis process in the Aβ neurotoxicity. Moreover, Aβ induced hippocampal mGLUR5 overexpression and reduced level of STIM1/2 recovered by Fer-1 or Nec-1. According to our findings ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways are involved in Aβ neurotoxicity through modulation of mGLUR5 and STIM1/2 signaling.
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22
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Baltacı NG, Toraman E, Akyüz M, Kalın ŞN, Budak H. Tip60/Kat5 may be a novel candidate histone acetyltransferase for the regulation of liver iron localization via acetylation. Biometals 2022; 35:1187-1197. [PMID: 35986817 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin (HAMP), an iron regulatory hormone synthesized by liver hepatocytes, works together with ferritin (FTH) and ferroportin (FPN) in regulating the storage, transport, and utilization of iron in the cell. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially acetylation, also play an important role in the regulation of iron metabolism. However, a target protein has not been mentioned yet. With this preliminary study, we investigated the effect of histone acetyltransferase TIP60 on the expression of HAMP, FTH, and FPN. In addition, how the depletion of Tip60, which regulates the circadian system, affects the daily expression of Hamp was examined at six Zeitgeber time (ZT) points. For this purpose, liver-specific Tip60 knockout mice (mutant) were produced with tamoxifen-inducible Cre/lox recombination and an iron overload model in mice was generated. While HAMP and FTH expressions decreased, FPN expression increased in the mutant group. Interestingly, there was no change in the iron content. A significant increase was observed in the expressions of HAMP, FTH, and FPN and total liver iron content in the liver tissue of the iron overload group. Since intracellular iron concentration is involved in regulating the circadian clock, temporal expression of Hamp was investigated in control and mutant groups at six ZT points. In the control group, Hamp accumulated in a circadian manner with maximal and minimal levels reaching around ZT16 and ZT8, respectively. In the mutant group, there was a significant reduction in Hamp expression in the light phase ZT0 and ZT4 and in the dark phase ZT16. These data are the first findings demonstrating a possible relationship between Tip60 and iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Gönül Baltacı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Emine Toraman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mesut Akyüz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Şeyda Nur Kalın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye.
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23
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Zhang Y, Gao X, Bai X, Yao S, Chang YZ, Gao G. The emerging role of furin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 35996194 PMCID: PMC9395820 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Furin is an important mammalian proprotein convertase that catalyzes the proteolytic maturation of a variety of prohormones and proproteins in the secretory pathway. In the brain, the substrates of furin include the proproteins of growth factors, receptors and enzymes. Emerging evidence, such as reduced FURIN mRNA expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients or schizophrenia patients, has implicated a crucial role of furin in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Currently, compared to cancer and infectious diseases, the aberrant expression of furin and its pharmaceutical potentials in neurological diseases remain poorly understood. In this article, we provide an overview on the physiological roles of furin and its substrates in the brain, summarize the deregulation of furin expression and its effects in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and discuss the implications and current approaches that target furin for therapeutic interventions. This review may expedite future studies to clarify the molecular mechanisms of furin deregulation and involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, and to develop new diagnosis and treatment strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gao
- Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050027, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Guofen Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid and Tau Levels Identifies Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients Progressing to Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071713. [PMID: 35885018 PMCID: PMC9313367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported levels of amyloid-beta and tau in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated to discover if these biochemical markers can predict the transition from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A systematic review of the literature in PubMed and Web of Science (April 2021) was performed by a single researcher to identify studies reporting immunologically-based (xMAP or ELISA) measures of CSF analytes Aβ(1-42) and/or P-tau and/or T-tau in clinical studies with at least two timepoints and a statement of diagnostic criteria. Of 1137 screened publications, 22 met the inclusion criteria for CSF Aβ(1-42) measures, 20 studies included T-tau, and 17 included P-tau. Six meta-analyses were conducted to compare the analytes for healthy controls (HC) versus progressive MCI (MCI_AD) and for non-progressive MCI (Stable_MCI) versus MCI_AD; effect sizes were determined using random effects models. The heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies was confirmed with very high significance (p < 0.0001) for all meta-analyses except HC versus MCI_AD T-tau (p < 0.05) and P-tau (non-significant). Standard mean difference (SMD) was highly significant (p < 0.0001) for all comparisons (Stable_MCI versus MCI_AD: SMD [95%-CI] Aβ(1-42) = 1.19 [0.96,1.42]; T-tau = −1.03 [−1.24,−0.82]; P-tau = −1.03 [−1.47,−0.59]; HC versus MCI_AD: SMD Aβ(1-42) = 1.73 [1.39,2.07]; T-tau = −1.13 [−1.33,−0.93]; P-tau = −1.10 [−1.23,−0.96]). The follow-up interval in longitudinal evaluations was a critical factor in clinical study design, and the Aβ(1−42)/P-tau ratio most robustly differentiated progressive from non-progressive MCI. The value of amyloid-beta and tau as markers of patient outcome are supported by these findings.
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Pan R, Luo S, Huang Q, Li W, Cai T, Lai K, Shi X. The Associations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Ferritin with Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1115-1125. [PMID: 35754266 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested that iron accumulation plays an important role in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the potential mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the associations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin, an indicator for brain iron load, with neurodegenerative and inflammatory changes in AD. METHODS The study involved 302 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). They were classified as normal controls (A-T-N-, n = 48), AD continuum (A+TN-, n = 46; A+TN+, n = 166), and suspected non-AD pathology (A-TN+, n = 42), according to the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) system. Group comparisons of CSF ferritin among groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. Linear regression models were used to test the relationships between CSF ferritin and cognitive assessments, and the associations between CSF ferritin and other biomarkers, respectively. RESULTS We found that CSF ferritin showed significant differences among the ATN groups, with higher concentration in more advanced categories (A+TN+). Furthermore, CSF ferritin level was independently related to cognitive performance (MMSE, ADAS-Cog13, and ADNI-mem). Linear regression analysis indicated positive relationships between CSF ferritin and phosphorylated tau and total tau, rather than Aβ42. Significant associations were revealed between CSF ferritin and inflammatory proteins, including TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, ICAM1, VCAM1, TGF-β1, IL-9, and IP-10, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results provide new insight into iron dysfunction in AD pathology and highlight elevated brain iron as a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation along AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- School of Nursing, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Foreign Languages, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Cai
- School of Medicine and Medical Laboratory Science, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kelin Lai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Qin W, Li F, Jia L, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei Y, Li Y, Jin H, Jia J. Phosphorylated Tau 181 Serum Levels Predict Alzheimer’s Disease in the Preclinical Stage. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:900773. [PMID: 35769604 PMCID: PMC9234327 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.900773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need for cost-effective, easy-to-measure biomarkers to identify subjects who will develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD), especially at the pre-symptomatic stage. This stage can be determined in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) which offers the opportunity to observe the dynamic biomarker changes during the life-course of AD stages. This study aimed to investigate serum biomarkers during different AD stages and potential novel protein biomarkers of presymptomatic AD. Methods In the first stage, 32 individuals [20 mutation carriers including 10 with AD, and 10 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 12 healthy controls] from ADAD families were analyzed. All subjects underwent a complete clinical evaluation and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Serum samples were collected from all subjects, and antibody arrays were used to analyze 170 proteins in these samples. The most promising biomarkers were identified during this screening and were then measured in serum samples of 12 subjects with pre-MCI and 20 controls. Results The serum levels of 13 proteins were significantly different in patients with AD or MCI compared to controls. Of the 13 proteins, cathepsin D, immunoglobulin E, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), von Willebrand factor (vWF), haptoglobin, and phosphorylated Tau-181 (p-Tau181) correlated with all cognitive measures (R2 = −0.69–0.76). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of these seven proteins were 0.71–0.93 for the classification of AD and 0.57–0.95 for the classification of MCI. Higher levels of p-Tau181 were found in the serum of pre-MCI subjects than in the serum of controls. The p-Tau181 serum level might detect AD before symptoms occur (area under the curve 0.85, sensitivity 75%, specificity 81.67%). Conclusions A total of 13 serum proteins showed significant differences between subjects with AD and MCI and healthy controls. The p-Tau181 serum level might be a broadly available and cost-effective biomarker to identify individuals with preclinical AD and assess the severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Jia
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Ou M, Jiang Y, Ji Y, Zhou Q, Du Z, Zhu H, Zhou Z. Role and Mechanism of Ferroptosis in Neurological Diseases. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101502. [PMID: 35447365 PMCID: PMC9170779 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis, as a new form of cell death, is different from other cell deaths such as autophagy or senescence. Ferroptosis involves in the pathophysiological progress of several diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, and kidney damage. Since oxidative stress and iron deposition are the broad pathological features of neurological diseases, the role of ferroptosis in neurological diseases has been widely explored. Scope of review Ferroptosis is mainly characterized by changes in iron homeostasis, iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and glutamate toxicity accumulation, of which can be specifically reversed by ferroptosis inducers or inhibitors. The ferroptosis is mainly regulated by the metabolism of iron, lipids and amino acids through System Xc−, voltage-dependent anion channels, p53, p62-Keap1-Nrf2, mevalonate and other pathways. This review also focus on the regulatory pathways of ferroptosis and its research progress in neurological diseases. Major conclusions The current researches of ferroptosis in neurological diseases mostly focus on the key pathways of ferroptosis. At the same time, ferroptosis was found playing a bidirectional regulation role in neurological diseases. Therefore, the specific regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in neurological diseases still need to be further explored to provide new perspectives for the application of ferroptosis in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ou
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of JiangNan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of JiangNan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of JiangNan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of JiangNan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of JiangNan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of JiangNan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China.
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of JiangNan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China.
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Wang F, Wang J, Shen Y, Li H, Rausch WD, Huang X. Iron Dyshomeostasis and Ferroptosis: A New Alzheimer’s Disease Hypothesis? Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:830569. [PMID: 35391749 PMCID: PMC8981915 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.830569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a crucial role in many physiological processes of the human body, but iron is continuously deposited in the brain as we age. Early studies found iron overload is directly proportional to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein, both of which are related to the AD pathogenesis, are associated with brain iron metabolism. A variety of iron metabolism-related proteins have been found to be abnormally expressed in the brains of AD patients and mouse models, resulting in iron deposition and promoting AD progression. Amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, two pathological hallmarks of AD, can also promote iron deposition in the brain, forming a vicious cycle of AD development-iron deposition. Iron deposition and the subsequent ferroptosis has been found to be a potential mechanism underlying neuronal loss in many neurodegenerative diseases. Iron chelators, antioxidants and hepcidin were found useful for treating AD, which represents an important direction for AD treatment research and drug development in the future. The review explored the deep connection between iron dysregulation and AD pathogenesis, discussed the potential of new hypothesis related to iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis, and summarized the therapeutics capable of targeting iron, with the expectation to draw more attention of iron dysregulation and corresponding drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Diseases, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wolf-Dieter Rausch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang,
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A Synopsis of Multitarget Potential Therapeutic Effects of Huperzine A in Diverse Pathologies-Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1166-1182. [PMID: 35122609 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous challenges are confronted when it comes to the recognition of therapeutic agents for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The perplexing pathogenicity of AD embodies cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disruption along with vicious production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating oxidative stress. In this frame of reference, drugs with multi target components could prove more advantageous to counter complex pathological mechanisms that are responsible for AD progression. For as much as, medicinal plant based pharmaco-therapies are emerging as potential candidates for AD treatment keeping the efficacy and safety parameters in terms of toxicity and side effects into consideration. Huperzine A (Hup A) is a purified alkaloid compound extracted from a club moss called Huperzia serrata. Several studies have reported both cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects of this compound on AD with significant neuroprotective properties. The present review convenes cumulative demonstrations of neuroprotection provided by Hup A in in vitro, in vivo, and human studies in various pathologies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its actions have also been discussed. However, more profound evidence would certainly promote the therapeutic implementation of this drug thus furnishing decisive insights into AD therapeutics and various other pathologies along with preventive and curative management.
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Phan LMT, Hoang TX, Cho S. Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Sensitive and Rapid Monitoring of Intracellular Ferrous Ion. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35049669 PMCID: PMC8774161 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although iron is an essential constituent for almost all living organisms, iron dyshomeostasis at a cellular level may trigger oxidative stress and neuronal damage. Hence, there are numerous reported carbon dots (CDs) that have been synthesized and applied to determine intracellular iron ions. However, among reported CDs focused to detect Fe3+ ions, only a few CDs have been designed to specifically determine Fe2+ ions over Fe3+ ions for monitoring of intracellular Fe2+ ions. We have developed the nitrogen-doped CDs (NCDs) for fluorescence turn-off detection of Fe2+ at cellular level. The as-synthesized NCDs exhibit a strong blue fluorescence and low cytotoxicity, acting as fluorescence probes to detect Fe2+ as low as 0.702 µM in aqueous solution within 2 min and visualize intracellular Fe2+ in the concentration range from 0 to 500 µM within 20 min. The as-prepared NCDs possess some advantages such as high biocompatibility, strong fluorescence properties, selectivity, and rapidity for intracellular Fe2+ monitoring, making NCDs an excellent nanoprobe for biosensing of intracellular ferrous ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Magnetic susceptibility in the deep gray matter may be modulated by apolipoprotein E4 and age with regional predilections: a quantitative susceptibility mapping study. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:1331-1342. [PMID: 34981175 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) mutation status and iron accumulation in the deep gray matter of subjects with cognitive symptoms using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS A total of 105 patients with cognitive symptoms were enrolled. QSM data were generated from 3D gradient-echo data using an STI Suite algorithm. A region of interest-based analysis with QSM was performed in the deep gray matter. Differences between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers were assessed by analysis of covariance. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with magnetic susceptibility. RESULTS Clinical characters such as age, education, MMSE, vascular risk burden, and systolic blood pressure differ between APOE4 carrier and non-carrier groups. The APOE4 carrier group had higher magnetic susceptibility values than the non-carrier group, with significant differences in the caudate (p = 0.004), putamen (p < 0.0001), and globus pallidus (p < 0.0001) which imply higher iron accumulation. In a multiple regression analysis, APOE4 status was found to be a predictor of magnetic susceptibility value in the globus pallidus (p = 0.03); age for magnetic susceptibility value in the caudate nucleus (p = 0.0064); and age and hippocampal atrophy for magnetic susceptibility value in the putamen (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that magnetic susceptibility in globus pallidus is related to APOE4 status while those of caudate and putamen are related to other factors including age. It suggests that brain iron accumulation in the deep gray matter is modulated by APOE4 and age with differential regional predilection.
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Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Baildya N, Ghosh K. Dehydroabietylamine-decorated imino-phenols: supramolecular gelation and gel phase selective detection of Fe 3+, Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ ions under different experimental conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroabietylamine-linked Schiff bases 1–3 have been synthesized, characterized and employed in metal ion sensing in a sol–gel medium. The compounds have a propensity for gel formation from aqueous organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Nabajyoti Baildya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
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Streit WJ, Rotter J, Winter K, Müller W, Khoshbouei H, Bechmann I. Droplet Degeneration of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons Signifies the Beginning of Neuritic Plaque Formation. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1701-1720. [PMID: 34958037 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuritic plaques contain neural and microglial elements, and amyloid-β protein (Aβ), but their pathogenesis remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Elucidate neuritic plaque pathogenesis. METHODS Histochemical visualization of hyperphosphorylated-tau positive (p-tau+) structures, microglia, Aβ, and iron. RESULTS Disintegration of large projection neurons in human hippocampus and neocortex presents as droplet degeneration: pretangle neurons break up into spheres of numerous p-tau+ droplets of various sizes, which marks the beginning of neuritic plaques. These droplet spheres develop in the absence of colocalized Aβ deposits but once formed become encased in diffuse Aβ with great specificity. In contrast, neurofibrillary tangles often do not colocalize with Aβ. Double-labelling for p-tau and microglia showed a lack of microglial activation or phagocytosis of p-tau+ degeneration droplets but revealed massive upregulation of ferritin in microglia suggesting presence of high levels of free iron. Perl's Prussian blue produced positive staining of microglia, droplet spheres, and Aβ plaque cores supporting the suggestion that droplet degeneration of pretangle neurons in the hippocampus and cortex represents ferroptosis, which is accompanied by the release of neuronal iron extracellularly. CONCLUSION Age-related iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the CNS likely trigger at least two endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotective iron sequestration and chelation, microglial ferritin expression and Aβ deposition, respectively, both contributing to the formation of neuritic plaques. Since neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits colocalize infrequently, tangle formation likely does not involve release of neuronal iron extracellularly. In human brain, targeted deposition of Aβ occurs specifically in response to ongoing ferroptotic droplet degeneration thereby producing neuritic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang J Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonas Rotter
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Chabran E, Mondino M, Noblet V, Degiorgis L, Loureiro de Sousa P, Blanc F. Microstructural changes in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies compared to normal aging: multiparametric quantitative MRI evidences. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:611-623. [PMID: 34888964 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients show few significant macroscopic structural changes, especially at the early stages of the disease, making quantitative MRI especially interesting to explore more subtle changes that are not detectable by conventional volumetric techniques. Microstructural alterations have been reported in DLB at the dementia stage, but no study to date was conducted in prodromal patients. Here, quantitative MRI data were collected from 46 DLB prodromal patients and 20 healthy elderly subjects, who also underwent a detailed clinical examination including the Mayo Clinic Fluctuation Scale. We conducted voxel-wise between-group comparisons in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and in R2* mapping, along with a multivariate analysis combining the two modalities. We highlighted multiple grey matter and white matter microstructural changes in DLB patients at the prodromal stage, compared to control subjects. Our multivariate analysis identified three distinct regional patterns of DTI and R2* changes (anterior, anteromedial, posterior) in DLB patients, that could reflect different neuropathological processes across brain regions. We also observed an association between R2* alterations in the thalamus, and the severity of fluctuations, in the DLB group. These preliminary findings are promising and require future investigations to better understand the biological underpinnings of microstructural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléna Chabran
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary Mondino
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Degiorgis
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paulo Loureiro de Sousa
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France.,CM2R (Research and Resources Memory Centre), Geriatric Day Hospital and Neuropsychology Unit, Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Gleitze S, Paula-Lima A, Núñez MT, Hidalgo C. The calcium-iron connection in ferroptosis-mediated neuronal death. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:28-41. [PMID: 34461261 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron, through its participation in oxidation/reduction processes, is essential for the physiological function of biological systems. In the brain, iron is involved in the development of normal cognitive functions, and its lack during development causes irreversible cognitive damage. Yet, deregulation of iron homeostasis provokes neuronal damage and death. Ferroptosis, a newly described iron-dependent cell death pathway, differs at the morphological, biochemical, and genetic levels from other cell death types. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, depletion of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione and altered mitochondrial morphology. Although iron promotes the emergence of Ca2+ signals via activation of redox-sensitive Ca2+ channels, the role of Ca2+ signaling in ferroptosis has not been established. The early dysregulation of the cellular redox state observed in ferroptosis is likely to disturb Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling, facilitating ferroptotic neuronal death. This review presents an overview of the role of iron and ferroptosis in neuronal function, emphasizing the possible involvement of Ca2+ signaling in these processes. We propose, accordingly, that the iron-ferroptosis-Ca2+ association orchestrates the progression of cognitive dysfunctions and memory loss that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, to prevent iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis, we suggest the use of drugs that target the abnormal Ca2+ signaling caused by excessive iron levels as therapy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gleitze
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Belaya I, Kucháriková N, Górová V, Kysenius K, Hare DJ, Crouch PJ, Malm T, Atalay M, White AR, Liddell JR, Kanninen KM. Regular Physical Exercise Modulates Iron Homeostasis in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168715. [PMID: 34445419 PMCID: PMC8395833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of brain iron metabolism is one of the pathological features of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. While physical inactivity is one of the risk factors for AD and regular exercise improves cognitive function and reduces pathology associated with AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of regular physical exercise on modulation of iron homeostasis in the brain and periphery of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. By using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a variety of biochemical techniques, we measured total iron content and level of proteins essential in iron homeostasis in the brain and skeletal muscles of sedentary and exercised mice. Long-term voluntary running induced redistribution of iron resulted in altered iron metabolism and trafficking in the brain and increased iron content in skeletal muscle. Exercise reduced levels of cortical hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, coupled with interleukin-6 (IL-6) decrease in cortex and plasma. We propose that regular exercise induces a reduction of hepcidin in the brain, possibly via the IL-6/STAT3/JAK1 pathway. These findings indicate that regular exercise modulates iron homeostasis in both wild-type and AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Belaya
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Nina Kucháriková
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Veronika Górová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Anthony R. White
- Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Jeffrey R. Liddell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Vitalakumar D, Sharma A, Flora SJS. Ferroptosis: A potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22830. [PMID: 34047408 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified regulated form of cell death, which is thought to play a major role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss recent studies elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation and execution of ferroptotic cell death and also its role in the brain. Ferroptosis is regulated mainly via iron homeostasis, glutathione metabolism, and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptotic cell death and pro-ferroptotic factors are correlated with the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ferroptosis and etiological factors act synergistically in PD and AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, several preclinical and clinical studies targeting ferroptosis in PD and AD have also shown positive results. Evidence of ferroptosis in the brain thus gives new insights into understanding neurodegenerative diseases. Ferroptosis studies in the brain are still in their infancy, but the existing pieces of evidence suggest a strong correlation between ferroptotic cell death and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, ferroptosis might be a promising target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vitalakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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38
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Wang M, Zuo Y, Li X, Li Y, Thirupathi A, Yu P, Gao G, Zhou C, Chang Y, Shi Z. Effect of sevoflurane on iron homeostasis and toxicity in the brain of mice. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147328. [PMID: 33539795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sev), a commonly used volatile anesthetic, could induce nerve damage and cognitive deficiency. Oxidative stress induced by iron overload promotes nerve damage and cell apoptosis in the brain. This study revealed a new toxic mechanism of Sev to the brain occurred through the dysfunction of iron metabolism. Twelve-month-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following three groups: control group; 2% Sev (6 h) group; and Sev plus iron deficiency group. Iron levels and iron metabolism-related proteins and apoptosis-related factors in hippocampus and cortex tissues were detected by using synchrotron radiation micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) and western blotting. Our results showed that a decline in cognitive function was observed in mice treated with Sev. Sev significantly induced iron accumulation through upregulating ferritin and downregulating transferrin receptor 1 which involved in ferroportin1 (Fpn1)/hepcidin pathway and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of hippocampus and cortex. Sev aggravated BACE1 expression and Aβ accumulation. Changes in the ratio of Bcl2/Bax and Tau/p-Tau intensified the cell apoptosis in hippocampus and cortex tissues. Interestingly, the cognitive deficiency and neurotoxicity induced by Sev could be ameliorated significantly by feeding a low-iron diet to mice prior to anesthesia. The data uncovered a new lesion mechanism of Sev from the role of iron metabolism. This study also suggested that the reduction in iron levels could protect the brain against neurological damage induced by Sev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Changhao Zhou
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China.
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Narayanan SE, Rehuman NA, Harilal S, Vincent A, Rajamma RG, Behl T, Uddin MS, Ashraf GM, Mathew B. Molecular mechanism of zinc neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43542-43552. [PMID: 32909132 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for most organisms, including human beings. It plays a crucial role in several physiological processes such as catalytic reaction of enzymes, cellular growth, differentiation and metabolism, intracellular signaling, and modulation of nucleic acid structure. Zn containing above 50 metalloenzymes is responsible for proteins, receptors, and hormones synthesis and has a critical role in neurodevelopment. Zn also regulates excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA and is found in high concentration in the synaptic terminals of hippocampal mossy fibers that maintains cognitive function. It regulates LTP and LTD by regulation of AMPA and NMDA receptors. But an excess or deficiency of Zn becomes neurotoxic or cause impairment in growth or sexual maturation. There is mounting evidence that supports this idea of Zn becoming neurotoxic and being involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Zn dyshomeostasis in AD is an area that needs attention as moderate concentration of Zn is involved in the memory regulation via regulation of amyloid plaque. Dyshomeostasis of Zn is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases like AD, ALS, depression, PD, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siju Ellickal Narayanan
- P.G. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kannur, 670503, India
| | - Nisha Abdul Rehuman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Kayamkulam, Kerala, 690503, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Vincent
- P.G. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kannur, 670503, India
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, 678557, India.
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40
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Awad FS, AbouZied KM, Bakry AM, Abou El-Maaty WM, El-Wakil AM, El-Shall MS. Highly fluorescent hematoporphyrin modified graphene oxide for selective detection of copper ions in aqueous solutions. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1140:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Kumar A, Kumar D, Chhibber M. Determination of Mercury Ions in Aqueous Medium and Urine Sample Using Thiocarbohydrazide Based Sensor. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
| | - Davinder Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
| | - Manmohan Chhibber
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
- Thapar School of Liberal Arts and Sciences Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
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42
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Zhang X, Gou YJ, Zhang Y, Li J, Han K, Xu Y, Li H, You LH, Yu P, Chang YZ, Gao G. Hepcidin overexpression in astrocytes alters brain iron metabolism and protects against amyloid-β induced brain damage in mice. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:113. [PMID: 33298837 PMCID: PMC7603348 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive iron accumulation in the brain and iron-induced oxidative stress are considered to be one of the initial causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and modulation of brain iron level shows promise for its treatment. Hepcidin expressed by astrocytes has been speculated to regulate iron transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and control the whole brain iron load. Whether increasing the expression of astrocyte hepcidin can reduce brain iron level and relieve AD symptoms has yet to be studied. Here, we overexpressed hepcidin in astrocytes of the mouse brain and challenged the mice with amyloid-β25–35 (Aβ25–35) by intracerebroventricular injection. Our results revealed that hepcidin overexpression in astrocytes significantly ameliorated Aβ25–35-induced cell damage in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. This protective role was also attested by behavioral tests of the mice. Our data further demonstrated that astrocyte-overexpressed hepcidin could decrease brain iron level, possibly by acting on ferroportin 1 (FPN1) on the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), which in turn reduced Aβ25–35-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and ultimately protected cells from damage. This study provided in vivo evidences of the important role of astrocyte hepcidin in the regulation of brain iron metabolism and protection against Aβ-induced cortical and hippocampal damages and implied its potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Jing Gou
- Chengde Medical University, Shuang Qiao District, An Yuan Road, 067000, Chengde, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kang Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China.,Chengde Medical University, Shuang Qiao District, An Yuan Road, 067000, Chengde, China
| | - Lin-Hao You
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Nan Er Huan East Road, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Micera A, Bruno L, Cacciamani A, Rongioletti M, Squitti R. Alzheimer's Disease and Retinal Degeneration: A Glimpse at Essential Trace Metals in Ocular Fluids and Tissues. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1073-1083. [PMID: 31642780 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191023114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy is increasing all over the world, although neurodegenerative disorders might drastically affect the individual activity of aged people. Of those, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most social-cost age-linked diseases of industrialized countries. To date, retinal diseases seem to be more common in the developing world and characterize principally aged people. Agerelated Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease that shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, including stress stimuli such as oxidative stress, inflammation and amyloid formations. METHODS In both diseases, the detrimental intra/extra-cellular deposits have many similarities. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis and smoking are risk factors to develop both diseases. Cellular aging routes have similar organelle and signaling patterns in retina and brain. The possibility to find out new research strategies represent a step forward to disclose potential treatment for both of them. Essential trace metals play critical roles in both physiological and pathological condition of retina, optic nerve and brain, by influencing metabolic processes chiefly upon complex multifactorial pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Hence, this review addresses current knowledge about some up-to-date investigated essential trace metals associated with AD and AMD. Changes in the levels of systemic and ocular fluid essential metals might reflect the early stages of AMD, possibly disclosing neurodegeneration pathways shared with AD, which might open to potential early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bruno
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cacciamani
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, BS, Italy
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D’Mello SR, Kindy MC. Overdosing on iron: Elevated iron and degenerative brain disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1444-1473. [PMID: 32878460 PMCID: PMC7553095 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain degenerative disorders, which include some neurodevelopmental disorders and age-associated diseases, cause debilitating neurological deficits and are generally fatal. A large body of emerging evidence indicates that iron accumulation in neurons within specific regions of the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many of these disorders. Iron homeostasis is a highly complex and incompletely understood process involving a large number of regulatory molecules. Our review provides a description of what is known about how iron is obtained by the body and brain and how defects in the homeostatic processes could contribute to the development of brain diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as four other disorders belonging to a class of inherited conditions referred to as neurodegeneration based on iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. A description of potential therapeutic approaches being tested for each of these different disorders is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Bosseboeuf E, Raimondi C. Signalling, Metabolic Pathways and Iron Homeostasis in Endothelial Cells in Health, Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092055. [PMID: 32911833 PMCID: PMC7564205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells drive the formation of new blood vessels in physiological and pathological contexts such as embryonic development, wound healing, cancer and ocular diseases. Once formed, all vessels of the vasculature system present an endothelial monolayer (the endothelium), lining the luminal wall of the vessels, that regulates gas and nutrient exchange between the circulating blood and tissues, contributing to maintaining tissue and vascular homeostasis. To perform their functions, endothelial cells integrate signalling pathways promoted by growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components and signals from mechanosensory complexes sensing the blood flow. New evidence shows that endothelial cells rely on specific metabolic pathways for distinct cellular functions and that the integration of signalling and metabolic pathways regulates endothelial-dependent processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of endothelial functions and the recent advances in understanding the role of endothelial signalling and metabolism in physiological processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis and vascular diseases. Also, we focus on the signalling pathways promoted by the transmembrane protein Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in endothelial cells, its recently discovered role in regulating mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and iron in atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Shin JA, Kim HS, Lee Kang J, Park EM. Estrogen deficiency is associated with brain iron deposition via upregulation of hepcidin expression in aged female mice. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:33-42. [PMID: 32920472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The total iron level in the brain increases with age, and excess iron is associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, the mechanism of brain iron deposition is unknown. In peripheral cells, the expression of hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis, is regulated by estrogen. This study aimed to determine whether hepcidin was involved in iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells of estrogen-deficient aged female mice. Aged mice showed increased levels of hepcidin and ferritin in the brain and brain microvessels compared with young mice, and these levels were reduced by estrogen replacement in ovariectomized aged mice. In the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, the lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/mL)-induced increases of hepcidin mRNA and protein levels, the number of Prussian blue-positive cells, and free radicals were reduced after estrogen treatment. These results suggest that estrogen deficiency with an increase of hepcidin is partly responsible for iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells and that hepcidin can be a target to prevent brain aging and neurodegeneration in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bulk M, Abdelmoula WM, Geut H, Wiarda W, Ronen I, Dijkstra J, van der Weerd L. Quantitative MRI and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging of iron in the frontal cortex of healthy controls and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Plasma transferrin and hemopexin are associated with altered Aβ uptake and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease pathology. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:72. [PMID: 32517787 PMCID: PMC7285604 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Heme and iron homeostasis is perturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the levels and association of heme with iron-binding plasma proteins in cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD individuals from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohorts. Methods Non-targeted proteomic analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed to quantify relative protein abundances in plasma samples from 144 CN individuals from the AIBL and 94 CN from KARVIAH cohorts and 21 MCI and 25 AD from AIBL cohort. ANCOVA models were utilized to assess the differences in plasma proteins implicated in heme/iron metabolism, while multiple regression modeling (and partial correlation) was performed to examine the association between heme and iron proteins, structural neuroimaging, and cognitive measures. Results Of the plasma proteins implicated in iron and heme metabolism, hemoglobin subunit β (p = 0.001) was significantly increased in AD compared to CN individuals. Multiple regression modeling adjusted for age, sex, APOEε4 genotype, and disease status in the AIBL cohort revealed lower levels of transferrin but higher levels of hemopexin associated with augmented brain amyloid deposition. Meanwhile, transferrin was positively associated with hippocampal volume and MMSE performance, and hemopexin was negatively associated with CDR scores. Partial correlation analysis revealed lack of significant associations between heme/iron proteins in the CN individuals progressing to cognitive impairment. Conclusions In conclusion, heme and iron dyshomeostasis appears to be a feature of AD. The causal relationship between heme/iron metabolism and AD warrants further investigation.
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Involvement of a Na +-coupled Oligopeptide Transport System for β-amyloid Peptide (Aβ 1-42) in Brain Cells. Pharm Res 2020; 37:98. [PMID: 32419062 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A Na+-coupled transport system in mammalian cells is responsible for the uptake of oligopeptides consisting of 5 or more amino acids. Here we investigated if this transport system is expressed in brain cells and transports the 42-amino-acid β-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-42). METHODS The human and mouse neuronal cell lines SK-N-SH and HT22, human microglial cell line HMC-3, and human blood-brain barrier endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 were used to monitor the uptake of [3H]-deltorphin II (a heptapeptide) and fluorescence-labeled Aβ1-42. RESULTS All four cell lines exhibited Na+-coupled uptake of deltorphin II. Aβ1-42 competed with deltorphin II for the uptake. Uptake of fluorescence-labeled Aβ1-42 was detectable in these cell lines, and the uptake was Na+-dependent and inhibitable by deltorphin II. The Na+-coupled uptake disappeared at high concentrations of Aβ1-42 due to oligomerization of the peptide. Exposure of the cells to excess iron abolished the uptake. In hCMEC/D3 cells cultured on Transwell filters, the uptake was localized preferentially to the abluminal membrane. CONCLUSION A Na+-coupled transport system mediates the uptake of Aβ1-42 monomers in neuronal and microglial cells. The same system is also responsible for the uptake of Aβ1-42 from brain into blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. These findings have relevance to Alzheimer's disease.
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Matesanz AI, Caballero AB, Lorenzo C, Espargaró A, Sabaté R, Quiroga AG, Gamez P. Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Amyloid-β Aggregation: Effect of Metal Coordination. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6978-6987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Matesanz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (M-07), School of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Caballero
- nanoBIC, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lorenzo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (M-07), School of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adoración G. Quiroga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (M-07), School of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Patrick Gamez
- nanoBIC, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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