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Xue X, Wu X, Fan Y, Han S, Zhang H, Sun Y, Yin Y, Yin M, Chen B, Sun Z, Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Li J, Shi Y, Xiao Z, Dai J, Zhao Y. Heterogeneous fibroblasts contribute to fibrotic scar formation after spinal cord injury in mice and monkeys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6321. [PMID: 39060269 PMCID: PMC11282111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to fibrotic scar formation at the lesion site, yet the heterogeneity of fibrotic scar remains elusive. Here we show the heterogeneity in distribution, origin, and function of fibroblasts within fibrotic scars after SCI in mice and female monkeys. Utilizing lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we found that perivascular fibroblasts (PFs), and meningeal fibroblasts (MFs), rather than pericytes/vascular smooth cells (vSMCs), primarily contribute to fibrotic scar in both transection and crush SCI. Crabp2 + /Emb+ fibroblasts (CE-F) derived from meninges primarily localize in the central region of fibrotic scars, demonstrating enhanced cholesterol synthesis and secretion of type I collagen and fibronectin. In contrast, perivascular/pial Lama1 + /Lama2+ fibroblasts (LA-F) are predominantly found at the periphery of the lesion, expressing laminin and type IV collagen and functionally involved in angiogenesis and lipid transport. These findings may provide a comprehensive understanding for remodeling heterogeneous fibrotic scars after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Man Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuaijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ya Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Ya D, Xiang W, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Li X, Deng J, Chen M, Yang B, Lin X, Liao R. Leptin combined with withaferin A boost posthemorrhagic neurogenesis via activation of STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114809. [PMID: 38714285 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis as a potential strategy to improve the consequences of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The current study investigates the effects of withaferin A (WFA) in combination with leptin (LEP) on ICH and neurogenesis mechanisms. LEP levels were dramatically reduced on days 7 and 14 following ICH insults in mice, but continuous WFA therapy significantly improved the potency of intrinsic LEP on day 14 after ICH. Furthermore, WFA combined with LEP enhances intrinsic neurogenesis and lessen motor deficits and long-term cognitive outcomes after ICH. In parallel, leptin deficiency in ob/ob mice limits enhancement of neurogenesis following ICH in response to WFA combined with LEP treatment. Importantly, the functional recovery conferred by WFA combined with LEP after ICH was inhibited by neurogenesis suppression. Mechanistically, this study unveiled that the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) / suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) pathway is a critical signaling pathway through which WFA combined with LEP treatment promotes intrinsic neurogenesis after ICH. Collectively, the results of this study elucidate the neuroprotective effects of WFA and LEP in ICH, and highlight a potential approach for ICH cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan Ya
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wenjing Xiang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zixian Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jungang Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Rujia Liao
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Jin X, Hu Q, Qin M, Yin Y, Xia Z. SOCS3, Transcriptionally Activated by NR4A1, Induces Apoptosis and Extracellular Matrix Degradation of Vaginal Fibroblasts in Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Balkan Med J 2024; 41:105-112. [PMID: 38229336 PMCID: PMC10913121 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2023.2023-10-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common gynecological chronic disorder. Human vaginal fibroblasts (HVFs) that maintain the integrity of vaginal wall tissues are essential for keeping pelvic organs in place. Apoptosis and the degradation of the extracellular matrix in HVFs contribute to the progression of POP. The cytokine signal transduction inhibitor 3 (SOCS3) exerts significant regulatory effects on cell signal transduction pathways, thereby affecting various pathological processes. Aims To explore the role and mechanism of SOCS3 on HVFs in the context of POP. Study Design In vitro cell lines and human-sample study. Methods Anterior vaginal wall tissues were obtained from POP or non-POP patients for the analysis of SOCS3 expression. HVFs were isolated from the vaginal tissues of POP patients, and SOCS3 was either overexpressed or knocked down in HVFs via lentivirus infection. Subsequently, the biological function and mechanism of SOCS3 in HVFs were investigated. Results SOCS3 was highly expressed in the vaginal tissues of POP patients compared to non-POP patients. Functionally, the overexpression of SOCS3 suppressed cell viability while promoting cell apoptosis in HVFs. The overexpression of SOCS3 also accelerated extracellular matrix degradation (decreasing collagen I, collagen III, and elastin, and increasing MMP2 and MMP9). In terms of mechanism, NR4A1 transcriptionally activated SOCS3 by binding to its promoter. Furthermore, rescue experiments revealed that SOCS3 knockdown hindered NR4A1 overexpression-induced cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation in HVFs. Conclusion SOCS3 mediated the apoptotic and extracellular matrix degradation effects of NR4A1 on HVFs, underlining that the restraining of the SOCS3 expression may be a promising strategy for POP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiying Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yitong Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijun Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wu W, Luo Z, Shen D, Lan T, Xiao Z, Liu M, Hu L, Sun T, Wang Y, Zhang JN, Zhang C, Wang P, Lu Y, Yang F, Li Q. IL-10 protects against OPC ferroptosis by regulating lipid reactive oxygen species levels post stroke. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102982. [PMID: 38070317 PMCID: PMC10755589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially on lipids, induces massive cell death in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and causes severe neurologic deficits post stroke. While small compounds, such as deferoxamine, lipostatin-1, and ferrostatin-1, have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid ROS, the mechanisms by which endogenously protective molecules act against lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death are still unclear, especially in OPCs, which are critical for maintaining white matter integrity and improving long-term outcomes after stroke. Here, using mouse primary OPC cultures, we demonstrate that interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine playing roles in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting hematoma clearance, significantly reduced hemorrhage-induced lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent ferroptosis in OPCs. Mechanistically, IL-10 activated the IL-10R/STAT3 signaling pathway and upregulated the DLK1/AMPK/ACC axis. Subsequently, IL-10 reprogrammed lipid metabolism and reduced lipid ROS accumulation. In addition, in an autologous blood injection intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) mouse model, deficiency of the endogenous Il-10, specific knocking out Il10r or Dlk1 in OPCs, or administration of ACC inhibitor was associated with increased OPC cell death, demyelination, axonal sprouting, and the cognitive deficits during the chronic phase of ICH and vice versa. These data suggest that IL-10 protects against OPC loss and white matter injury by reducing lipid ROS, supporting further development of potential clinical applications to benefit patients with stroke and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhaoli Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongnan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Liye Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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5
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Perez-Gianmarco L, Kukley M. Understanding the Role of the Glial Scar through the Depletion of Glial Cells after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 12:1842. [PMID: 37508505 PMCID: PMC10377788 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that affects between 8.8 and 246 people in a million and, unlike many other neurological disorders, it affects mostly young people, causing deficits in sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. Promoting the regrowth of axons is one of the most important goals for the neurological recovery of patients after SCI, but it is also one of the most challenging goals. A key event after SCI is the formation of a glial scar around the lesion core, mainly comprised of astrocytes, NG2+-glia, and microglia. Traditionally, the glial scar has been regarded as detrimental to recovery because it may act as a physical barrier to axon regrowth and release various inhibitory factors. However, more and more evidence now suggests that the glial scar is beneficial for the surrounding spared tissue after SCI. Here, we review experimental studies that used genetic and pharmacological approaches to ablate specific populations of glial cells in rodent models of SCI in order to understand their functional role. The studies showed that ablation of either astrocytes, NG2+-glia, or microglia might result in disorganization of the glial scar, increased inflammation, extended tissue degeneration, and impaired recovery after SCI. Hence, glial cells and glial scars appear as important beneficial players after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Perez-Gianmarco
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, PC, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, PC, Spain
| | - Maria Kukley
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, PC, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, PC, Spain
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6
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Dai L, Han Y, Yang Z, Zeng Y, Liang W, Shi Z, Tao Y, Liang X, Liu W, Zhou S, Xing Z, Hu W, Wang X. Identification and validation of SOCS1/2/3/4 as potential prognostic biomarkers and correlate with immune infiltration in glioblastoma. J Cell Mol Med 2023. [PMID: 37315184 PMCID: PMC10399539 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) 1/2/3/4 are involved in the occurrence and progression of multiple malignancies; however, their prognostic and developmental value in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear. The present study used TCGA, ONCOMINE, SangerBox3.0, UALCAN, TIMER2.0, GENEMANIA, TISDB, The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and other databases to analyse the expression profile, clinical value and prognosis of SOCS1/2/3/4 in GBM, and to explore the potential development mechanism of action of SOCS1/2/3/4 in GBM. The majority of analyses showed that SOCS1/2/3/4 transcription and translation levels in GBM tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. qRT-PCR, western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemical staining were used to verify that SOCS3 was expressed at higher mRNA and protein levels in GBM than in normal tissues or cells. High SOCS1/2/3/4 mRNA expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBM, especially SOCS3. SOCS1/2/3/4 were highly contraindicated, which had few mutations, and were not associated with clinical prognosis. Furthermore, SOCS1/2/3/4 were associated with the infiltration of specific immune cell types. In addition, SOCS3 may affect the prognosis of patients with GBM through JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Analysis of the GBM-specific protein interaction (PPI) network showed that SOCS1/2/3/4 were involved in multiple potential carcinogenic mechanisms of GBM. In addition, colony formation, Transwell, wound healing and western blotting assays revealed that inhibition of SOCS3 decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of GBM cells. In conclusion, the present study elucidated the expression profile and prognostic value of SOCS1/2/3/4 in GBM, which may provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBM, especially SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuling Zeng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wulong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zimin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianyin Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Frazier AP, Mitchell DN, Given KS, Hunn G, Burch AM, Childs CR, Moreno-Garcia M, Corigilano MR, Quillinan N, Macklin WB, Herson PS, Dingman AL. Chronic changes in oligodendrocyte sub-populations after middle cerebral artery occlusion in neonatal mice. Glia 2023; 71:1429-1450. [PMID: 36794545 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal stroke is common and causes life-long motor and cognitive sequelae. Because neonates with stroke are not diagnosed until days-months after the injury, chronic targets for repair are needed. We evaluated oligodendrocyte maturity and myelination and assessed oligodendrocyte gene expression changes using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) at chronic timepoints in a mouse model of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Mice underwent 60 min of transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on postnatal day 10 (p10) and received 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) on post-MCAO days 3-7 to label dividing cells. Animals were sacrificed 14 and 28-30 days post-MCAO for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Oligodendrocytes were isolated from striatum 14 days post-MCAO for scRNA seq and differential gene expression analysis. The density of Olig2+ EdU+ cells was significantly increased in ipsilateral striatum 14 days post-MCAO and the majority of oligodendrocytes were immature. Density of Olig2+ EdU+ cells declined significantly between 14 and 28 days post-MCAO without a concurrent increase in mature Olig2+ EdU+ cells. By 28 days post-MCAO there were significantly fewer myelinated axons in ipsilateral striatum. scRNA seq identified a cluster of "disease associated oligodendrocytes (DOLs)" specific to the ischemic striatum, with increased expression of MHC class I genes. Gene ontology analysis suggested decreased enrichment of pathways involved in myelin production in the reactive cluster. Oligodendrocytes proliferate 3-7 days post-MCAO and persist at 14 days, but fail to mature by 28 days. MCAO induces a subset of oligodendrocytes with reactive phenotype, which may be a therapeutic target to promote white matter repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Frazier
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danae N Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katherine S Given
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve Hunn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amelia M Burch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine R Childs
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Myriam Moreno-Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Corigilano
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andra L Dingman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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8
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Shafqat A, Albalkhi I, Magableh HM, Saleh T, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Tackling the glial scar in spinal cord regeneration: new discoveries and future directions. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1180825. [PMID: 37293626 PMCID: PMC10244598 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1180825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration and functional recovery are poor after spinal cord injury (SCI), typified by the formation of an injury scar. While this scar was traditionally believed to be primarily responsible for axonal regeneration failure, current knowledge takes a more holistic approach that considers the intrinsic growth capacity of axons. Targeting the SCI scar has also not reproducibly yielded nearly the same efficacy in animal models compared to these neuron-directed approaches. These results suggest that the major reason behind central nervous system (CNS) regeneration failure is not the injury scar but a failure to stimulate axon growth adequately. These findings raise questions about whether targeting neuroinflammation and glial scarring still constitute viable translational avenues. We provide a comprehensive review of the dual role of neuroinflammation and scarring after SCI and how future research can produce therapeutic strategies targeting the hurdles to axonal regeneration posed by these processes without compromising neuroprotection.
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9
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Yi C, Verkhratsky A, Niu J. Pathological potential of oligodendrocyte precursor cells: terra incognita. Trends Neurosci 2023:S0166-2236(23)00103-0. [PMID: 37183154 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (aOPCs), transformed from fetal OPCs, are idiosyncratic neuroglia of the central nervous system (CNS) that are distinct in many ways from other glial cells. OPCs have been classically studied in the context of their remyelinating capacity. Recent studies, however, revealed that aOPCs not only contribute to post-lesional remyelination but also play diverse crucial roles in multiple neurological diseases. In this review we briefly present the physiology of aOPCs and summarize current knowledge of the beneficial and detrimental roles of aOPCs in different CNS diseases. We discuss unique features of aOPC death, reactivity, and changes during senescence, as well as aOPC interactions with other glial cells and pathological remodeling during disease. Finally, we outline future perspectives for the study of aOPCs in brain pathologies which may instigate the development of aOPC-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenju Yi
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), Bilbao 48011, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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10
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Dong H, Zhang C, Shi D, Xiao X, Chen X, Zeng Y, Li X, Xie R. Ferroptosis related genes participate in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury via HIF-1 signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:192-202. [PMID: 36414158 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a crushing disease without a effective and specific therapeutic strategy. Therefore, it is crucial to uncover underlying mechanism in order to identify potential treatments for SCI. Current studies show ferroptosis might pay important role in SCI. METHODS In this study, we aimed to identify the key ferroptosis-related genes providing therapeutic targets for SCI. GSE45006, GSE19890 and GSE156999 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 61 ferroptosis-related DEGs were identified, followed by bioinformatics enrichment analyses and PPI network construction. Ten key ferroptosis-related genes were identified by Cytoscape (Cytohubba), most of which were enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Then we constructed a clip SCI rat model and qPCR was performed to assess the expressions of five genes enriched in HIF-1 signaling pathway (Stat3, Tlr4, Hmox1, Hif1a and Cybb). Finally, a ceRNA network, Stat3, Tlr4, Hmox1/miR127, miR383, miR485/rno-Mut_0003, rno-Pwwp2a_0002 was constructed and expression of mentioned molecules were validated by chip data. CONCLUSIONS Five hub genes from HIF-1 signaling pathway were identified and might play a central role in SCI, which indicated that ferroptosis was correlated with HIF-1 signaling pathway. These results can provide a new insight into molecular mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoru Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery; National Center for Neurological Disorders; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Donglei Shi
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery; National Center for Neurological Disorders; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery; National Center for Neurological Disorders; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yuanxiao Zeng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Xiaomu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery; National Center for Neurological Disorders; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center; Huashan Hospital Fujian Campus, Fudan University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350209, Fujian Province, China.
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11
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Intrinsic heterogeneity in axon regeneration. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1753-1762. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is composed of a variety of neurons and glial cells with different morphology and functions. In the mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS) or the lower vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), most neurons can regenerate extensively after axotomy, while the neurons in the mammalian CNS possess only limited regenerative ability. This heterogeneity is common within and across species. The studies about the transcriptomes after nerve injury in different animal models have revealed a series of molecular and cellular events that occurred in neurons after axotomy. However, responses of various types of neurons located in different positions of individuals were different remarkably. Thus, researchers aim to find the key factors that are conducive to regeneration, so as to provide the molecular basis for solving the regeneration difficulties after CNS injury. Here we review the heterogeneity of axonal regeneration among different cell subtypes in different animal models or the same organ, emphasizing the importance of comparative studies within and across species.
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12
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Hemati-Gourabi M, Cao T, Romprey MK, Chen M. Capacity of astrocytes to promote axon growth in the injured mammalian central nervous system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:955598. [PMID: 36203815 PMCID: PMC9530187 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.955598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of axon growth after injury to the adult central nervous system (CNS) is crucial to improve neural repair. Following acute focal CNS injury, astrocytes are one cellular component of the scar tissue at the primary lesion that is traditionally associated with inhibition of axon regeneration. Advances in genetic models and experimental approaches have broadened knowledge of the capacity of astrocytes to facilitate injury-induced axon growth. This review summarizes findings that support a positive role of astrocytes in axon regeneration and axon sprouting in the mature mammalian CNS, along with potential underlying mechanisms. It is important to recognize that astrocytic functions, including modulation of axon growth, are context-dependent. Evidence suggests that the local injury environment, neuron-intrinsic regenerative potential, and astrocytes’ reactive states determine the astrocytic capacity to support axon growth. An integrated understanding of these factors will optimize therapeutic potential of astrocyte-targeted strategies for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Megan K. Romprey
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Meifan Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Meifan Chen,
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13
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Ribeiro M, Ayupe AC, Beckedorff FC, Levay K, Rodriguez S, Tsoulfas P, Lee JK, Nascimento-Dos-Santos G, Park KK. Retinal ganglion cell expression of cytokine enhances occupancy of NG2 cell-derived astrocytes at the nerve injury site: Implication for axon regeneration. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114147. [PMID: 35738417 PMCID: PMC10648309 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Following injury in the central nervous system, a population of astrocytes occupy the lesion site, form glial bridges and facilitate axon regeneration. These astrocytes originate primarily from resident astrocytes or NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. However, the extent to which these cell types give rise to the lesion-filling astrocytes, and whether the astrocytes derived from different cell types contribute similarly to optic nerve regeneration remain unclear. Here we examine the distribution of astrocytes and NG2+ cells in an optic nerve crush model. We show that optic nerve astrocytes partially fill the injury site over time after a crush injury. Viral mediated expression of a growth-promoting factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) promotes axon regeneration without altering the lesion size or the degree of lesion-filling GFAP+ cells. Strikingly, using inducible NG2CreER driver mice, we found that CNTF overexpression in RGCs increases the occupancy of NG2+ cell-derived astrocytes in the optic nerve lesion. An EdU pulse-chase experiment shows that the increase in NG2 cell-derived astrocytes is not due to an increase in cell proliferation. Lastly, we performed RNA-sequencing on the injured optic nerve and reveal that CNTF overexpression in RGCs results in significant changes in the expression of distinct genes, including those that encode chemokines, growth factor receptors, and immune cell modulators. Even though CNTF-induced axon regeneration has long been recognized, this is the first evidence of this procedure affecting glial cell fate at the optic nerve crush site. We discuss possible implication of these results for axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Ribeiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ana C Ayupe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Felipe C Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Room 715, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Konstantin Levay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sara Rodriguez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gabriel Nascimento-Dos-Santos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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14
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of the cellular components involved in glial scar formation following spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Fibrotic Scar in CNS Injuries: From the Cellular Origins of Fibroblasts to the Molecular Processes of Fibrotic Scar Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152371. [PMID: 35954214 PMCID: PMC9367779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma activates a persistent repair response that leads to fibrotic scar formation within the lesion. This scarring is similar to other organ fibrosis in many ways; however, the unique features of the CNS differentiate it from other organs. In this review, we discuss fibrotic scar formation in CNS trauma, including the cellular origins of fibroblasts, the mechanism of fibrotic scar formation following an injury, as well as the implication of the fibrotic scar in CNS tissue remodeling and regeneration. While discussing the shared features of CNS fibrotic scar and fibrosis outside the CNS, we highlight their differences and discuss therapeutic targets that may enhance regeneration in the CNS.
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16
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Kiaie N, Gorabi AM, Loveless R, Teng Y, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The regenerative potential of glial progenitor cells and reactive astrocytes in CNS injuries. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104794. [PMID: 35902044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapeutic approaches focusing on the regeneration of damaged tissue have been a popular topic among researchers in recent years. In particular, self-repair scarring from the central nervous system (CNS) can significantly complicate the treatment of an injured patient. In CNS regeneration schemes, either glial progenitor cells or reactive glial cells have key roles to play. In this review, the contribution and underlying mechanisms of these progenitor/reactive glial cells during CNS regeneration are discussed, as well as their role in CNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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Fidler G, Szilágyi-Rácz AA, Dávid P, Tolnai E, Rejtő L, Szász R, Póliska S, Biró S, Paholcsek M. Circulating microRNA sequencing revealed miRNome patterns in hematology and oncology patients aiding the prognosis of invasive aspergillosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7144. [PMID: 35504997 PMCID: PMC9065123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) may occur as a serious complication of hematological malignancy. Delays in antifungal therapy can lead to an invasive disease resulting in high mortality. Currently, there are no well-established blood circulating microRNA biomarkers or laboratory tests which can be used to diagnose IA. Therefore, we aimed to define dysregulated miRNAs in hematology and oncology (HO) patients to identify biomarkers predisposing disease. We performed an in-depth analysis of high-throughput small transcriptome sequencing data obtained from the whole blood samples of our study cohort of 50 participants including 26 high-risk HO patients and 24 controls. By integrating in silico bioinformatic analyses of small noncoding RNA data, 57 miRNAs exhibiting significant expression differences (P < 0.05) were identified between IA-infected patients and non-IA HO patients. Among these, we found 36 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) irrespective of HO malignancy. Of the top ranked DEMs, we found 14 significantly deregulated miRNAs, whose expression levels were successfully quantified by qRT-PCR. MiRNA target prediction revealed the involvement of IA related miRNAs in the biological pathways of tumorigenesis, the cell cycle, the immune response, cell differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Fidler
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Anita Szilágyi-Rácz
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Dávid
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Tolnai
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Rejtő
- Department of Hematology, Jósa András Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szász
- Division of Hematology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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18
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Accurate identification of circRNA landscape and complexity reveals their pivotal roles in human oligodendroglia differentiation. Genome Biol 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 35130952 PMCID: PMC8819885 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of poorly conserved non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are highly enriched in the human brain. Despite increasing discoveries of circRNA function in human neurons, the circRNA landscape and function in developing human oligodendroglia, the myelinating cells that govern neuronal conductance, remains unexplored. Meanwhile, improved experimental and computational tools for the accurate identification of circRNAs are needed. Results We adopt a published experimental approach for circRNA enrichment and develop CARP (CircRNA identification using A-tailing RNase R approach and Pseudo-reference alignment), a comprehensive 21-module computational framework for accurate circRNA identification and quantification. Using CARP, we identify developmentally programmed human oligodendroglia circRNA landscapes in the HOG oligodendroglioma cell line, distinct from neuronal circRNA landscapes. Numerous circRNAs display oligodendroglia-specific regulation upon differentiation, among which a subclass is regulated independently from their parental mRNAs. We find that circRNA flanking introns often contain cis-regulatory elements for RNA editing and are predicted to bind differentiation-regulated splicing factors. In addition, we discover novel oligodendroglia-specific circRNAs that are predicted to sponge microRNAs, which co-operatively promote oligodendroglia development. Furthermore, we identify circRNA clusters derived from differentiation-regulated alternative circularization events within the same gene, each containing a common circular exon, achieving additive sponging effects that promote human oligodendroglia differentiation. Conclusions Our results reveal dynamic regulation of human oligodendroglia circRNA landscapes during early differentiation and suggest critical roles of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in advancing human oligodendroglia development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02621-1.
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19
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Loss-of-function manipulations to identify roles of diverse glia and stromal cells during CNS scar formation. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:337-350. [PMID: 34164732 PMCID: PMC8975763 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Scar formation is the replacement of parenchymal cells by stromal cells and fibrotic extracellular matrix. Until as recently as 25 years ago, little was known about the major functional contributions of different neural and non-neural cell types in the formation of scar tissue and tissue fibrosis in the CNS. Concepts about CNS scar formation are evolving rapidly with the availability of different types of loss-of-function technologies that allow mechanistic probing of cellular and molecular functions in models of CNS disorders in vivo. Such loss-of-function studies are beginning to reveal that scar formation and tissue fibrosis in the CNS involves complex interactions amongst multiple types of CNS glia and non-neural stromal cells. For example, attenuating functions of the CNS resident glial cells, astrocytes or microglia, can disrupt the formation of limitans borders that form around stromal cell scars, which leads to increased spread of inflammation, increased loss of neural tissue, and increased fibrosis. Insights are being gained into specific neuropathological mechanisms whereby specific dysfunctions of different types of CNS glia could cause or contribute to disorder-related tissue pathology and dysfunction. CNS glia, as well as fibrosis-producing stromal cells, are emerging as potential major contributors to diverse CNS disorders either through loss- or gain-of-functions, and are thereby emerging as important potential targets for interventions. In this article, we will review and discuss the effects on CNS scar formation and tissue repair of loss-of-function studies targeted at different specific cell types in various disorder models in vivo.
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20
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Lee HJ, Jung DH, Kim NK, Shin HK, Choi BT. Effects of electroacupuncture on the functionality of NG2-expressing cells in perilesional brain tissue of mice following ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1556-1565. [PMID: 34916441 PMCID: PMC8771106 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)-expressing cells has multipotent stem cell activity under cerebral ischemia. Our study examined the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy (2 Hz, 1 or 3 mA, 20 minutes) at the Sishencong acupoint on motor function after ischemic insult in the brain by investigating the rehabilitative potential of NG2-derived cells in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. EA stimulation alleviated motor deficits caused by ischemic stroke, and 1 mA EA stimulation was more efficacious than 3 mA EA stimulation or positive control treatment with edaravone, a free radical scavenger. The properties of NG2-expressing cells were altered with 1 mA EA stimulation, enhancing their survival in perilesional brain tissue via reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. EA stimulation robustly activated signaling pathways related to proliferation and survival of NG2-expressing cells and increased the expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor growth factor beta, and neurotrophin 3. In the perilesional striatum, EA stimulation greatly increased the number of NG2-expressing cells double-positive for oligodendrocyte, endothelial cell, and microglia/macrophage markers (CC1, CD31, and CD68). EA therapy also greatly activated brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta signaling. Our results indicate that EA therapy may prevent functional loss at the perilesional site by enhancing survival and differentiation of NG2-expressing cells via the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor -induced signaling, subsequently ameliorating motor dysfunction. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Pusan National University (approval Nos. PNU2019-2199 and PNU2019-2884) on April 8, 2019 and June 19, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ju Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hee Jung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kwen Kim
- Department of Korean Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Nicaise AM, D'Angelo A, Ionescu RB, Krzak G, Willis CM, Pluchino S. The role of neural stem cells in regulating glial scar formation and repair. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:399-414. [PMID: 34820704 PMCID: PMC8975756 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe damage and consist of reactive glia that form a barrier around the damaged tissue that leads to a non-permissive microenvironment which prevents proper endogenous regeneration. While there are a number of therapies that are able to address some components of disease, there are none that provide regenerative properties. Within the past decade, neural stem cells (NSCs) have been heavily studied due to their potent anti-inflammatory and reparative capabilities in disease and injury. Exogenously applied NSCs have been found to aid in glial scar healing by reducing inflammation and providing cell replacement. However, endogenous NSCs have also been found to contribute to the reactive environment by different means. Further understanding how NSCs can be leveraged to aid in the resolution of the glial scar is imperative in the use of these cells as regenerative therapies. To do so, humanised 3D model systems have been developed to study the development and maintenance of the glial scar. Herein, we explore the current work on endogenous and exogenous NSCs in the glial scar as well as the novel 3D stem cell–based technologies being used to model this pathology in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grzegorz Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Zhang Y, Yang S, Liu C, Han X, Gu X, Zhou S. Deciphering glial scar after spinal cord injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab035. [PMID: 34761050 PMCID: PMC8576268 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to permanent disability, which is mainly caused by the loss of functional recovery. In this review, we aimed to investigate why the healing process is interrupted. One of the reasons for this interruption is the formation of a glial scar around the severely damaged tissue, which is usually covered by reactive glia, macrophages and fibroblasts. Aiming to clarify this issue, we summarize the latest research findings pertaining to scar formation, tissue repair, and the divergent roles of blood-derived monocytes/macrophages, ependymal cells, fibroblasts, microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) and astrocytes during the process of scar formation, and further analyse the contribution of these cells to scar formation. In addition, we recapitulate the development of therapeutic treatments targeting glial scar components. Altogether, we aim to present a comprehensive decoding of the glial scar and explore potential therapeutic strategies for improving functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Shuhai Yang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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23
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Yu Y, Sung SK, Lee CH, Ha M, Kang J, Kwon EJ, Kang JW, Kim Y, Kim GH, Heo HJ, Lee H, Kim TW, Lee Y, Myung K, Oh CK, Kim YH. SOCS3 is Related to Cell Proliferation in Neuronal Tissue: An Integrated Analysis of Bioinformatics and Experiments. Front Genet 2021; 12:743786. [PMID: 34646310 PMCID: PMC8502821 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.743786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor that occurs in the central nervous system. Gliomas are subdivided according to a combination of microscopic morphological, molecular, and genetic factors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant tumor; however, efficient therapies or specific target molecules for GBM have not been developed. We accessed RNA-seq and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and the GSE16011 dataset, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were common to both GBM and lower-grade glioma (LGG) in three independent cohorts. The biological functions of common DEGs were examined using NetworkAnalyst. To evaluate the prognostic performance of common DEGs, we performed Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. We investigated the function of SOCS3 in the central nervous system using three GBM cell lines as well as zebrafish embryos. There were 168 upregulated genes and 50 downregulated genes that were commom to both GBM and LGG. Through survival analyses, we found that SOCS3 was the only prognostic gene in all cohorts. Inhibition of SOCS3 using siRNA decreased the proliferation of GBM cell lines. We also found that the zebrafish ortholog, socs3b, was associated with brain development through the regulation of cell proliferation in neuronal tissue. While additional mechanistic studies are necessary, our results suggest that SOCS3 is an important biomarker for glioma and that SOCS3 is related to the proliferation of neuronal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeuni Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soon Ki Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Chi Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Mihyang Ha
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Junho Kang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji Wan Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ga Hyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hansong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, South Korea.,Department of Core Research Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Oh
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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24
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Ohgomori T, Jinno S. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation in Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells and Cognitive Deficits in Mice Following Short-term Cuprizone Exposure. Neuroscience 2021; 472:90-102. [PMID: 34358632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized that adult hippocampal neurogenesis impairment may be associated with cognitive problems. Because cuprizone (CPZ), a copper-chelating reagent, was shown to decrease the production of new neurons, we aimed to further understand the involvement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis impairment in cognitive function by using a short-term (2-week) CPZ exposure paradigm. The CPZ-fed mice showed cognitive deficits, i.e., impaired sensorimotor gating and reduced social novelty preference, compared to normal-fed mice. Although a long-term (e.g., 5-week) CPZ exposure paradigm was found to cause demyelination, we encountered that the labeling for myelin in the hippocampus was unaffected by 2-week CPZ exposure. The densities of neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) and newborn granule cells (NGCs) were lower in CPZ-fed mice than in normal-fed mice, while those of neural stem cells (NSCs) were comparable between groups. We then examined whether short-term CPZ exposure might induce activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which plays a major role in cytokine receptor signaling. The densities of phosphorylated STAT3-positive (pSTAT3+) NSCs were higher in CPZ-fed mice than in normal-fed mice, while those of pSTAT3+ NPCs/NGCs were very low in both groups. Interestingly, the densities of bromodeoxyuridine-positive (BrdU+) NSCs were higher in CPZ-fed mice than in normal-fed mice 2 weeks after BrdU injection, while those of BrdU+ NPCs/NGCs were lower in CPZ-fed mice than in normal-fed mice. These findings suggest that short-term CPZ exposure inhibits differentiation of NSCs into NPCs via activation of STAT3, which may in part underlie cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ohgomori
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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25
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Milich LM, Choi JS, Ryan C, Cerqueira SR, Benavides S, Yahn SL, Tsoulfas P, Lee JK. Single-cell analysis of the cellular heterogeneity and interactions in the injured mouse spinal cord. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210040. [PMID: 34132743 PMCID: PMC8212781 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing process that occurs after spinal cord injury is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and limiting tissue damage, but eventually results in a scar-like environment that is not conducive to regeneration and repair. A better understanding of this dichotomy is critical to developing effective therapeutics that target the appropriate pathobiology, but a major challenge has been the large cellular heterogeneity that results in immensely complex cellular interactions. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to assess virtually all cell types that comprise the mouse spinal cord injury site. In addition to discovering novel subpopulations, we used expression values of receptor-ligand pairs to identify signaling pathways that are predicted to regulate specific cellular interactions during angiogenesis, gliosis, and fibrosis. Our dataset is a valuable resource that provides novel mechanistic insight into the pathobiology of not only spinal cord injury but also other traumatic disorders of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Milich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- University of Miami Neuroscience Graduate Program, Miami, FL
| | - James S. Choi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Christine Ryan
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- University of Miami Neuroscience Graduate Program, Miami, FL
| | - Susana R. Cerqueira
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Sofia Benavides
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Stephanie L. Yahn
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- University of Miami Neuroscience Graduate Program, Miami, FL
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jae K. Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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26
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Patel M, Anderson J, Lei S, Finkel Z, Rodriguez B, Esteban F, Risman R, Li Y, Lee KB, Lyu YL, Cai L. Nkx6.1 enhances neural stem cell activation and attenuates glial scar formation and neuroinflammation in the adult injured spinal cord. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113826. [PMID: 34343529 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nkx6.1 plays an essential role during the embryonic development of the spinal cord. However, its role in the adult and injured spinal cord is not well understood. Here we show that lentivirus-mediated Nkx6.1 expression in the adult injured mouse spinal cord promotes cell proliferation and activation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) at the acute phase of injury. In the chronic phase, Nkx6.1 increases the number of interneurons, reduces the number of reactive astrocytes, minimizes glial scar formation, and represses neuroinflammation. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Nkx6.1 upregulates the sequential expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, neural differentiation, and Notch signaling pathway, downregulates genes and pathways involved in neuroinflammation, reactive astrocyte activation, and glial scar formation. Together, our findings support the potential role of Nkx6.1 in neural regeneration in the adult injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaal Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shunyao Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zachary Finkel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brianna Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Fatima Esteban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Risman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yi Lisa Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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27
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Moulson AJ, Squair JW, Franklin RJM, Tetzlaff W, Assinck P. Diversity of Reactive Astrogliosis in CNS Pathology: Heterogeneity or Plasticity? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:703810. [PMID: 34381334 PMCID: PMC8349991 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.703810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for the development and homeostatic maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). They are also critical players in the CNS injury response during which they undergo a process referred to as "reactive astrogliosis." Diversity in astrocyte morphology and gene expression, as revealed by transcriptional analysis, is well-recognized and has been reported in several CNS pathologies, including ischemic stroke, CNS demyelination, and traumatic injury. This diversity appears unique to the specific pathology, with significant variance across temporal, topographical, age, and sex-specific variables. Despite this, there is limited functional data corroborating this diversity. Furthermore, as reactive astrocytes display significant environmental-dependent plasticity and fate-mapping data on astrocyte subsets in the adult CNS is limited, it remains unclear whether this diversity represents heterogeneity or plasticity. As astrocytes are important for neuronal survival and CNS function post-injury, establishing to what extent this diversity reflects distinct established heterogeneous astrocyte subpopulations vs. environmentally dependent plasticity within established astrocyte subsets will be critical for guiding therapeutic development. To that end, we review the current state of knowledge on astrocyte diversity in the context of three representative CNS pathologies: ischemic stroke, demyelination, and traumatic injury, with the goal of identifying key limitations in our current knowledge and suggesting future areas of research needed to address them. We suggest that the majority of identified astrocyte diversity in CNS pathologies to date represents plasticity in response to dynamically changing post-injury environments as opposed to heterogeneity, an important consideration for the understanding of disease pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Moulson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jordan W. Squair
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), NeuroRestore, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peggy Assinck
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Li T, Zhao X, Duan J, Cui S, Zhu K, Wan Y, Liu S, Peng Z, Wang L. Targeted inhibition of STAT3 in neural stem cells promotes neuronal differentiation and functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:711. [PMID: 34007320 PMCID: PMC8120646 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs), where a number of studies have previously shown that STAT3 is involved in regulating NSC differentiation. However, the possible molecular mechanism and role of STAT3 in spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unclear. In the present study, the potential effect of STAT3 in NSCs was first investigated by using short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated STAT3 knockdown in rat NSCs in vitro. Immunofluorescence of β3-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein staining and western blotting showed that knocking down STAT3 expression promoted NSC neuronal differentiation, where the activity of mTOR was upregulated. Subsequently, rats underwent laminectomy and complete spinal cord transection followed by transplantation of NSCs transfected with control-shRNA or STAT3-shRNA at the injured site in vivo. Spinal cord-evoked potentials and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores were used to examine functional recovery. In addition, axonal regeneration and tissue repair were assessed using retrograde tracing with FluoroGold, hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl and immunofluorescence staining of β3-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and microtubule-associated protein 2 following SCI. The results showed that transplantation with NSCs transfected with STAT3-RNA enhanced functional recovery following SCI and promoted tissue repair in rats, in addition to improving neuronal differentiation of the transplanted NSCs in the injury site. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo evidence that inhibiting STAT3 could promote NSC neuronal differentiation was demonstrated in the present study. Therefore, transplantation with NSCs with STAT3 expression knocked down appears to hold promising potential for enhancing the benefit of NSC-mediated regenerative cell therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shangbin Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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29
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Liu Y, Hammel G, Shi M, Cheng Z, Zivkovic S, Wang X, Xu P, He X, Guo B, Ren Y, Zuo L. Myelin Debris Stimulates NG2/CSPG4 Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages in the Injured Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:651827. [PMID: 33815067 PMCID: PMC8017290 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.651827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the increased expression of members of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan family, such as neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), have been well documented after an injury to the spinal cord, a complete picture as to the cellular origins and function of this NG2 expression has yet to be made. Using a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model, we describe that some infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMΦ) are early contributors to NG2/CSPG4 expression and secretion after SCI. We demonstrate for the first time that a lesion-related form of cellular debris generated from damaged myelin sheaths can increase NG2/CSPG4 expression in BMDMΦ, which then exhibit enhanced proliferation and decreased phagocytic capacity. These results suggest that BMDMΦ may play a much more nuanced role in secondary spinal cord injury than previously thought, including acting as early contributors to the NG2 component of the glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Minjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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30
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Wellman SM, Guzman K, Stieger KC, Brink LE, Sridhar S, Dubaniewicz MT, Li L, Cambi F, Kozai TDY. Cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination impairs recording performance of chronically implanted neural interfaces. Biomaterials 2020; 239:119842. [PMID: 32065972 PMCID: PMC7540937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological inflammation induced during penetrating cortical injury can disrupt functional neuronal and glial activity within the cortex, resulting in potential recording failure of chronically implanted neural interfaces. Oligodendrocytes provide critical support for neuronal health and function through direct contact with neuronal soma and axons within the cortex. Given their fundamental role to regulate neuronal activity via myelin, coupled with their heightened vulnerability to metabolic brain injury due to high energetic demands, oligodendrocytes are hypothesized as a possible source of biological failure in declining recording performances of intracortical microelectrode devices. To determine the extent of their contribution to neuronal activity and function, a cuprizone-inducible model of oligodendrocyte depletion and demyelination in mice was performed prior to microelectrode implantation. At 5 weeks of cuprizone exposure, mice demonstrated significantly reduced cortical oligodendrocyte density and myelin expression. Mice were then implanted with functional recording microelectrodes in the visual cortex and neuronal activity was evaluated up to 7 weeks alongside continued cuprizone administration. Cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination was associated with significantly reduced recording performances at the onset of implantation, which remained relatively stable over time. In contast, recording performances for mice on a normal diet were intially elevated before decreasing over time to the recording level of tcuprizone-treated mice. Further electrophysiological analysis revealed deficits in multi-unit firing rates, frequency-dependent disruptions in neuronal oscillations, and altered laminar communication within the cortex of cuprizone-treated mice. Post-mortem immunohistochemistry revealed robust depletion of oligodendrocytes around implanted microelectrode arrays alongside comparable neuronal densities to control mice, suggesting that oligodendrocyte loss was a possible contributor to chronically impaired device performances. This study highlights potentially significant contributions from the oligodendrocyte lineage population concerning the biological integration and long-term functional performance of neural interfacing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Wellman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Guzman
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin C Stieger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sadhana Sridhar
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Lehong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Franca Cambi
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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31
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Yang T, Dai Y, Chen G, Cui S. Dissecting the Dual Role of the Glial Scar and Scar-Forming Astrocytes in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:78. [PMID: 32317938 PMCID: PMC7147295 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) remains an unsolved problem. As a major component of the SCI lesion, the glial scar is primarily composed of scar-forming astrocytes and plays a crucial role in spinal cord regeneration. In recent years, it has become increasingly accepted that the glial scar plays a dual role in SCI recovery. However, the underlying mechanisms of this dual role are complex and need further clarification. This dual role also makes it difficult to manipulate the glial scar for therapeutic purposes. Here, we briefly discuss glial scar formation and some representative components associated with scar-forming astrocytes. Then, we analyze the dual role of the glial scar in a dynamic perspective with special attention to scar-forming astrocytes to explore the underlying mechanisms of this dual role. Finally, taking the dual role of the glial scar into account, we provide several pieces of advice on novel therapeutic strategies targeting the glial scar and scar-forming astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - YuJuan Dai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - ShuSen Cui
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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32
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Martin-Hijano L, Sainz B. The Interactions Between Cancer Stem Cells and the Innate Interferon Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:526. [PMID: 32296435 PMCID: PMC7136464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) form a family of cytokines with pleiotropic effects that modulate the immune response against multiple challenges like viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. While numerous anti-tumor activities have been described for IFNs, IFNs have also been associated with tumor growth and progression. The effect of IFNs on apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor cell immunogenicity, and modulation of immune cells have been largely studied; however, less is known about their specific effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs constitute a subpopulation of tumor cells endowed with stem-like properties including self-renewal, chemoresistance, tumorigenic capacity, and quiescence. This rare and unique subpopulation of cells is believed to be responsible for tumor maintenance, metastatic spread, and relapse. Thus, this review aims to summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the anti- and pro-CSCs effects of IFNs and also to highlight the need for further research on the interplay between IFNs and CSCs. Importantly, understanding this interplay will surely help to exploit the anti-tumor effects of IFNs, specifically those that target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martin-Hijano
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer—Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer—Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Interleukin-6 Induces Myogenic Differentiation via JAK2-STAT3 Signaling in Mouse C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line and Primary Human Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215273. [PMID: 31652937 PMCID: PMC6862063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal muscle growth and exercise- or injury-induced regeneration are facilitated by myoblasts. Myoblasts respond to a variety of proteins such as cytokines that activate various signaling cascades. Cytokines belonging to the interleukin 6 superfamily (IL-6) influence myoblasts' proliferation but their effect on differentiation is still being researched. The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of the key signaling pathways identified to be activated by IL-6. The aim of this study was to investigate myoblast fate as well as activation of JAK-STAT pathway at different physiologically relevant IL-6 concentrations (10 pg/mL; 100 pg/mL; 10 ng/mL) in the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line and primary human myoblasts, isolated from eight young healthy male volunteers. Myoblasts' cell cycle progression, proliferation and differentiation in vitro were assessed. Low IL-6 concentrations facilitated cell cycle transition from the quiescence/Gap1 (G0/G1) to the synthesis (S-) phases. Low and medium IL-6 concentrations decreased the expression of myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) and myogenin and increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. In contrast, high IL-6 concentration shifted a larger proportion of cells to the pro-differentiation G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, substantiated by significant increases of both MyoD and myogenin expression and decreased PCNA expression. Low IL-6 concentration was responsible for prolonged JAK1 activation and increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein expression. JAK-STAT inhibition abrogated IL-6-mediated C2C12 cell proliferation. In contrast, high IL-6 initially increased JAK1 activation but resulted in prolonged JAK2 activation and elevated SOCS3 protein expression. High IL-6 concentration decreased interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression 24 h after treatment whilst low IL-6 concentration increased IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression at the same time point. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IL-6 has concentration- and time-dependent effects on both C2C12 mouse myoblasts and primary human myoblasts. Low IL-6 concentration induces proliferation whilst high IL-6 concentration induces differentiation. These effects are mediated by specific components of the JAK/STAT/SOCS pathway.
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34
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Baaklini CS, Rawji KS, Duncan GJ, Ho MFS, Plemel JR. Central Nervous System Remyelination: Roles of Glia and Innate Immune Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:225. [PMID: 31616249 PMCID: PMC6764409 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation can injure the myelin sheath that surrounds axons, a process known as demyelination. The spontaneous regeneration of myelin, called remyelination, is associated with restoration of function and prevention of axonal degeneration. Boosting remyelination with therapeutic intervention is a promising new approach that is currently being tested in several clinical trials. The endogenous regulation of remyelination is highly dependent on the immune response. In this review article, we highlight the cell biology of remyelination and its regulation by innate immune cells. For the purpose of this review, we discuss the roles of microglia, and also astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) as they are being increasingly recognized to have immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel S. Baaklini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khalil S. Rawji
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greg J. Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madelene F. S. Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Bradbury EJ, Burnside ER. Moving beyond the glial scar for spinal cord repair. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3879. [PMID: 31462640 PMCID: PMC6713740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury results in severe and irreversible loss of function. The injury triggers a complex cascade of inflammatory and pathological processes, culminating in formation of a scar. While traditionally referred to as a glial scar, the spinal injury scar in fact comprises multiple cellular and extracellular components. This multidimensional nature should be considered when aiming to understand the role of scarring in limiting tissue repair and recovery. In this Review we discuss recent advances in understanding the composition and phenotypic characteristics of the spinal injury scar, the oversimplification of defining the scar in binary terms as good or bad, and the development of therapeutic approaches to target scar components to enable improved functional outcome after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Bradbury
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Emily R Burnside
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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36
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Pukos N, Goodus MT, Sahinkaya FR, McTigue DM. Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped? Glia 2019; 67:2178-2202. [PMID: 31444938 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects over 17,000 individuals in the United States per year, resulting in sudden motor, sensory and autonomic impairments below the level of injury. These deficits may be due at least in part to the loss of oligodendrocytes and demyelination of spared axons as it leads to slowed or blocked conduction through the lesion site. It has long been accepted that progenitor cells form new oligodendrocytes after SCI, resulting in the acute formation of new myelin on demyelinated axons. However, the chronicity of demyelination and the functional significance of remyelination remain contentious. Here we review work examining demyelination and remyelination after SCI as well as the current understanding of oligodendrocyte lineage cell responses to spinal trauma, including the surprisingly long-lasting response of NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to proliferate and differentiate into new myelinating oligodendrocytes for months after SCI. OPCs are highly sensitive to microenvironmental changes, and therefore respond to the ever-changing post-SCI milieu, including influx of blood, monocytes and neutrophils; activation of microglia and macrophages; changes in cytokines, chemokines and growth factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor-2; glutamate excitotoxicity; and axon degeneration and sprouting. We discuss how these changes relate to spontaneous oligodendrogenesis and remyelination, the evidence for and against demyelination being an important clinical problem and if remyelination contributes to motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pukos
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew T Goodus
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Fatma R Sahinkaya
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dana M McTigue
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Duncan GJ, Manesh SB, Hilton BJ, Assinck P, Plemel JR, Tetzlaff W. The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury. Glia 2019; 68:227-245. [PMID: 31433109 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the most proliferative and dispersed population of progenitor cells in the adult central nervous system, which allows these cells to rapidly respond to damage. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are lost after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), compromising efficient conduction and, potentially, the long-term health of axons. In response, OPCs proliferate and then differentiate into new oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate axons. This culminates in highly efficient remyelination following experimental SCI in which nearly all intact demyelinated axons are remyelinated in rodent models. However, myelin regeneration comprises only one role of OPCs following SCI. OPCs contribute to scar formation after SCI and restrict the regeneration of injured axons. Moreover, OPCs alter their gene expression following demyelination, express cytokines and perpetuate the immune response. Here, we review the functional contribution of myelin regeneration and other recently uncovered roles of OPCs and their progeny to repair following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sohrab B Manesh
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brett J Hilton
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Peggy Assinck
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Departments of Zoology and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wellman SM, Li L, Yaxiaer Y, McNamara I, Kozai TDY. Revealing Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Cell Death, Glial Proliferation, and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction Around Implanted Intracortical Neural Interfaces. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:493. [PMID: 31191216 PMCID: PMC6546924 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the long-term performance of neural electrode interfaces requires overcoming severe biological reactions such as neuronal cell death, glial cell activation, and vascular damage in the presence of implanted intracortical devices. Past studies traditionally observe neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption around inserted microelectrode arrays. However, analysis of these factors alone yields poor correlation between tissue inflammation and device performance. Additionally, these studies often overlook significant biological responses that can occur during acute implantation injury. The current study employs additional histological markers that provide novel information about neglected tissue components-oligodendrocytes and their myelin structures, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and BBB -associated pericytes-during the foreign body response to inserted devices at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days post-insertion. Our results reveal unique temporal and spatial patterns of neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell loss, axonal and myelin reorganization, glial cell reactivity, and pericyte deficiency both acutely and chronically around implanted devices. Furthermore, probing for immunohistochemical markers that highlight mechanisms of cell death or patterns of proliferation and differentiation have provided new insight into inflammatory tissue dynamics around implanted intracortical electrode arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Wellman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lehong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yalikun Yaxiaer
- Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Ingrid McNamara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Takashi D. Y. Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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MicroRNA-219 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells after Contusion Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:9610687. [PMID: 30911293 PMCID: PMC6398016 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9610687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-219 (miR-219) regulates the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during central nervous system (CNS) development. OPCs only differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the healthy CNS, but can generate astrocytes (As) after injury. We hypothesized that miR-219 may modulate OPC proliferation and differentiation in a cervical C5 contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) model. After injury, we observed a decrease in the miR-219 level and quantity of OLs and an increase in the number of OPCs and As. Silencing of miR-219 by its antagomir in vivo produced similar results, but of greater magnitude. Overexpression of miR-219 by its agomir in vivo increased the number of OLs and suppressed generation of OPCs and As. Luxol fast blue staining confirmed that SCI caused demyelination and that the extent of demyelination was attenuated by miR-219 overexpression, but aggravated by miR-219 reduction. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) may be implicated in the regulation of OPC proliferation and differentiation mediated by miR-219 following contusion SCI. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-219 may mediate SCI-induced OPC proliferation and differentiation, and MCT-1 may participate in this process as a target of miR-219.
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40
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Hong Z, Zhang X. [Role of cytokine signal suppressor 3 in the regulatory mechanism of colon cancer invasion and proliferation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:43-48. [PMID: 30692065 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of cytokine signal suppressor 3 (SOCS3) in colon cancer tissue and the mechanism by which SOCS3 regulates the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer. METHODS We collected the specimens of tumor tissues and paired adjacent tissues from 80 patients with colon cancer undergoing radical resection in our hospital between July, 2014 and May, 2017, and the expression of SOCS3 in the tissue samples was analyzed using Western blotting. We also transfected colon cancer cell line SW480 with a SOCS3-overexpressing plasmid or a small interference RNA (siRNA) for SOCS3 knockdown, and the changes in the cell proliferation and invasion capacity were evaluated using CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The effect of demethylation and IL-6 treatment on SOCS3 expression and the proliferation and invasion of SW480 cells were observed. RESULTS Colon cancer tissues showed a lowered expression of SOCS3 compared with the adjacent tissues. Over-expression of SOCS3 significantly inhibited while SOCS3 knockdown obviously promoted the proliferation and invasion of SW480 cells in vitro. Demethylation treatment up-regulated SOCS3 expression and inhibited the proliferation and invasion capacity of SW480 cells; IL-6 treatment of the cells caused the reverse changes. CONCLUSIONS SOCS3 participates in the development and progression of colon cancer and serves as a potential target for colon cancer treatment. In patients with colon cancer, the low expression of SOCS3 possibly as a result of methylation may promote the proliferation and invasion of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Hong
- Department of Anal and Intestinal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center (Nankai University Affiliated Hospital), Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Anal and Intestinal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center (Nankai University Affiliated Hospital), Tianjin 300121, China
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41
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Zhou T, Zheng Y, Sun L, Badea SR, Jin Y, Liu Y, Rolfe AJ, Sun H, Wang X, Cheng Z, Huang Z, Zhao N, Sun X, Li J, Fan J, Lee C, Megraw TL, Wu W, Wang G, Ren Y. Microvascular endothelial cells engulf myelin debris and promote macrophage recruitment and fibrosis after neural injury. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:421-435. [PMID: 30664769 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of damaged myelin sheaths is critical to ensure functional recovery from neural injury. Here we show a previously unidentified role for microvessels and their lining endothelial cells in engulfing myelin debris in spinal cord injury (SCI) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We demonstrate that IgG opsonization of myelin debris is required for its effective engulfment by endothelial cells and that the autophagy-lysosome pathway is crucial for degradation of engulfed myelin debris. We further show that endothelial cells exert critical functions beyond myelin clearance to promote progression of demyelination disorders by regulating macrophage infiltration, pathologic angiogenesis and fibrosis in both SCI and EAE. Unexpectedly, myelin debris engulfment induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process that confers upon endothelial cells the ability to stimulate the endothelial-derived production of fibrotic components. Overall, our study demonstrates that the processing of myelin debris through the autophagy-lysosome pathway promotes inflammation and angiogenesis and may contribute to fibrotic scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Smaranda Ruxandra Badea
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanhu Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Alyssa J Rolfe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Haitao Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Neurosciences, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zhaoshuai Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianqing Fan
- Statistical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Wutian Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Re-Stem Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China. .,Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Li Y, Chen Y, Li X, Wu J, Pan JY, Cai RX, Yang RY, Wang XD. RNA sequencing screening of differentially expressed genes after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1583-1593. [PMID: 31089057 PMCID: PMC6557110 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for a therapeutic schedule for spinal cord injury, it is necessary to understand key genes and their corresponding regulatory networks involved in the spinal cord injury process. However, ad hoc selection and analysis of one or two genes cannot fully reveal the complex molecular biological mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The emergence of second-generation sequencing technology (RNA sequencing) has provided a better method. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury in rat models established by contusion of the eighth thoracic segment. The numbers of genes that changed significantly were 944, 1362 and 1421 at 1, 4 and 7 days after spinal cord injury respectively. After gene ontology analysis and temporal expression analysis of the differentially expressed genes, C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were then selected and identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression trends of C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Further verification and analysis of C5ar1 indicate that the level of protein expression of C5ar1 was consistent with its nucleic acid level after spinal cord injury. C5ar1 was mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Finally, the gene Itgb2, which may be related to C5ar1, was found by Chilibot database and literature search. Immunofluorescence histochemical results showed that the expression of Itgb2 was highly consistent with that of C5ar1. Itgb2 was expressed in astrocytes. RNA sequencing technology can screen differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury. Through analysis and verification, genes strongly associated with spinal cord injury can be screened. This can provide experimental data for further determining the molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury, and also provide possible targets for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study was approved ethically by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China (approval No. 2018-0306-001) on March 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Ying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Xin Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Yun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gao Y, Zhao H, Wang P, Wang J, Zou L. The roles of SOCS3 and STAT3 in bacterial infection and inflammatory diseases. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12727. [PMID: 30341772 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Translational Neuroscience & Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute/Institute of Cell Therapy; The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Honglei Zhao
- Translational Neuroscience & Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute/Institute of Cell Therapy; The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peng Wang
- Translational Neuroscience & Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute/Institute of Cell Therapy; The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Jun Wang
- Translational Neuroscience & Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute/Institute of Cell Therapy; The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Lili Zou
- Translational Neuroscience & Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute/Institute of Cell Therapy; The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
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44
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Tran AP, Warren PM, Silver J. The Biology of Regeneration Failure and Success After Spinal Cord Injury. Physiol Rev 2018. [PMID: 29513146 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since no approved therapies to restore mobility and sensation following spinal cord injury (SCI) currently exist, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms following SCI that compromise regeneration or neuroplasticity is needed to develop new strategies to promote axonal regrowth and restore function. Physical trauma to the spinal cord results in vascular disruption that, in turn, causes blood-spinal cord barrier rupture leading to hemorrhage and ischemia, followed by rampant local cell death. As subsequent edema and inflammation occur, neuronal and glial necrosis and apoptosis spread well beyond the initial site of impact, ultimately resolving into a cavity surrounded by glial/fibrotic scarring. The glial scar, which stabilizes the spread of secondary injury, also acts as a chronic, physical, and chemo-entrapping barrier that prevents axonal regeneration. Understanding the formative events in glial scarring helps guide strategies towards the development of potential therapies to enhance axon regeneration and functional recovery at both acute and chronic stages following SCI. This review will also discuss the perineuronal net and how chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) deposited in both the glial scar and net impede axonal outgrowth at the level of the growth cone. We will end the review with a summary of current CSPG-targeting strategies that help to foster axonal regeneration, neuroplasticity/sprouting, and functional recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Phuong Tran
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio ; and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Mary Warren
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio ; and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio ; and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
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Cui L, Meng Q, Wen J, Yan Z, Gao Z, Tian Y, Xu P, Lian P, Yu H. The effect of a gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) on STAT3-induced gene expression in renal carcinoma. J Biochem 2018; 164:285-294. [PMID: 29961871 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the exact regulatory mechanisms of retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in renal carcinoma. Tumour tissue samples from patients with renal carcinoma (n = 30, there were seven cases of Stage I, eight cases of Stage II, eight cases of Stage III, seven cases of Stage IV) and control subjects were selected from adjacent normal tissue (n = 10). Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to assess the level of GRIM-19, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and its downstream molecules. CD31 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The amount of apoptosis cells was analysed by Flow cytometry. The results showed that expression of GRIM-19 was decreased in renal carcinoma. However, in tumour tissue, STAT3 and its downstream signalling molecules showed the higher expression compared with control. Overexpression of GRIM-19, inhibited tumour growth apoptosis by mediating activators of STAT3 signal. In addition, interferon-β and all-trans-retinoic acid inhibited the renal carcinoma cell growth and induced apoptosis, and effect of drug combinations was particularly evident. In conclusion, GRIM-19 expression is associated with hyperactivation of STAT3-induced gene expression in renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zechen Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yudong Tian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengchao Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengchao Lian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Haizhou Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Tian Y, Yin H, Deng X, Tang B, Ren X, Jiang T. CXCL12 induces migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells through the CXCR4‑activated MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4374-4380. [PMID: 30221695 PMCID: PMC6172403 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is a nervous system disease in which the myelin sheaths of neurons are damaged due to inflammatory reactions, inherited abnormalities or trauma. This damage impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves, which in turn causes deficiencies in sensation, movement and cognition. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are able to induce remyelination. However, the remyelination is suboptimal due to the limited migration of OPCs. In the present study, neonatal OPCs were isolated from rats for the investigation of the role of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), an important chemokine, in mediating the migration ability of OPCs. The present results demonstrated that CXCL12 stimulation markedly promoted the migration of OPCs and activated the dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) pathways. Knockdown of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4; a receptor of CXCL12) reversed the CXCL12-induced migration of OPCs and blocked the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. In addition, specific inhibitors of the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways significantly reduced the migration of OPCs. Based on these findings, it was concluded that CXCL12 may induce the migration of OPCs through the CXCR4-activated MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. The results of the present study support the manipulation of CXCL12-mediated OPC migration to improve remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xi Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Beichuan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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NG2/CSPG4 and progranulin in the posttraumatic glial scar. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:571-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sasaki Y, Hackett AR, Kim S, Strickland A, Milbrandt J. Dysregulation of NAD + Metabolism Induces a Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation Program. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6546-6562. [PMID: 29921717 PMCID: PMC6052240 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3304-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schwann cell (SC) is the major component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that provides metabolic and functional support for peripheral axons. The emerging roles of SC mitochondrial function for PNS development and axonal stability indicate the importance of SC metabolism in nerve function and in peripheral neuropathies associated with metabolic disorders. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial molecule in the regulation of cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis. Here, we investigated the roles of NAD+ metabolism in SC functions in vivo by mutating NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD+ biosynthesis, specifically in SCs. NAMPT SC knock-out male and female mice (NAMPT SCKO mice) had delayed SC maturation in development and developed hypomyelinating peripheral neuropathy without axon degeneration or decreased SC survival. JUN, a master regulator of SC dedifferentiation, is elevated in NAMPT SCKO SCs, suggesting that decreased NAD+ levels cause them to arrest at an immature stage. Nicotinic acid administration rescues the NAD+ decline and reverses the SC maturation defect and the development of peripheral neuropathy, indicating the central role of NAD+ in PNS development. Upon nicotinic acid withdrawal in adulthood, NAMPT SCKO mice showed rapid and severe peripheral neuropathy and activation of ERK/MEK/JUN signaling, which in turn promotes SC dedifferentiation. These data demonstrate the importance of NAD+ metabolism in SC maturation and nerve development and maintenance and suggest that altered SC NAD+ metabolism could underlie neuropathies associated with diabetes and aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we showed that Schwann cell differentiation status is critically dependent on NAD+ homeostasis. Aberrant regulation of NAD+ biosynthesis via NAMPT deletion results in a blockade of Schwann cell maturation during development and severe peripheral neuropathy without significant axon loss. The phenotype can be rescued by supplementation with nicotinic acid; however, withdrawal of nicotinic acid leads to Schwann cell dedifferentiation, myelination defects, and death. These results provide new therapeutic possibilities for peripheral neuropathies associated with NAD+ decline during aging or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Amber R Hackett
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Sungsu Kim
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Amy Strickland
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Hackett AR, Yahn SL, Lyapichev K, Dajnoki A, Lee DH, Rodriguez M, Cammer N, Pak J, Mehta ST, Bodamer O, Lemmon VP, Lee JK. Injury type-dependent differentiation of NG2 glia into heterogeneous astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:72-79. [PMID: 30008424 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The glial scar is comprised of a heterogeneous population of reactive astrocytes. NG2 glial cells (also known as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells or polydendrocytes) may contribute to this heterogeneity by differentiating into astrocytes in the injured CNS, but there have been conflicting reports about whether astrocytes comprise a significant portion of the NG2 cell lineage. By using genetic fate mapping after spinal cord injury (SCI) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, the goal of this study was to confirm and extend upon previous findings, which have shown that NG2 cell plasticity varies across CNS injuries. We generated mice that express tdTomato in NG2 lineage cells and express GFP under the Aldh1l1 or Glt1 promoter so that NG2 glia-derived astrocytes can be detected by their expression of GFAP and/or GFP. We found that astrocytes comprise approximately 25% of the total NG2 cell lineage in the glial scar by 4 weeks after mid-thoracic contusive SCI, but only 9% by the peak of functional deficit after EAE. Interestingly, a subpopulation of astrocytes expressed only GFP without co-expression of GFAP, uncovering their heterogeneity and the possibility of an underestimation of NG2 glia-derived astrocytes in previous studies. Additionally, we used high performance liquid chromatography to measure the level of tamoxifen and its metabolites in the spinal cord and show that genetic labeling of NG2 glia-derived astrocytes is not an artifact of residual tamoxifen. Overall, our data demonstrate that a heterogeneous population of astrocytes are derived from NG2 glia in an injury type-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Hackett
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Stephanie L Yahn
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Kirill Lyapichev
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Angela Dajnoki
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Do-Hun Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Mario Rodriguez
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Natasha Cammer
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Ji Pak
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Saloni T Mehta
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Olaf Bodamer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Division of Genetics ad Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical Scool, United States
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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50
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Enhancing Remyelination through a Novel Opioid-Receptor Pathway. J Neurosci 2018; 36:11831-11833. [PMID: 27881770 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2859-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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