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Ortíz-Sánchez E, Guillén-Garcés RA, Morales-Arrieta S, Ugochukwu Okoye P, Olvera-Vargas H, Sebastian PJ, Arias DM. Cultivation of carbohydrate-rich microalgae with great settling properties using cooling tower wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38999-39014. [PMID: 37410327 PMCID: PMC11186883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment and simultaneous production of value-added products with microalgae represent a sustainable alternative. Industrial wastewater, characterized by high C/N molar ratios, can naturally improve the carbohydrate content in microalgae without the need for any external source of carbon while degrading the organic matter, macro-nutrients, and micro-nutrients. This study aimed to understand the treatment, reuse, and valorization mechanisms of real cooling tower wastewater (CWW) from a cement-processing industry mixed with domestic wastewater (DW) to produce microalgal biomass with potential for synthesis of biofuels or other value-added products. For this purpose, three photobioreactors with different hydraulic retention times (HRT) were inoculated simultaneously using the CWW-DW mixture. Macro- and micro-nutrient consumption and accumulation, organic matter removal, algae growth, and carbohydrate content were monitored for 55 days. High COD (> 80%) and macronutrient removals (> 80% of N and P) were achieved in all the photoreactors, with heavy metals below the limits established by local standards. The best results showed maximum algal growth of 1.02 g SSV L-1 and 54% carbohydrate accumulation with a C/N ratio of 31.24 mol mol-1. Additionally, the harvested biomass presented a high Ca and Si content, ranging from 11 to 26% and 2 to 4%, respectively. Remarkably, big flocs were produced during microalgae growth, which enhanced natural settling for easy biomass harvesting. Overall, this process represents a sustainable alternative for CWW treatment and valorization, as well as a green tool for generating carbohydrate-rich biomass with the potential to produce biofuels and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ortíz-Sánchez
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col. Lomas del Texcal, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP, Mexico
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, 62580, Temixco, Morelos, CP, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angélica Guillén-Garcés
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col. Lomas del Texcal, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP, Mexico
| | - Sandra Morales-Arrieta
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col. Lomas del Texcal, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP, Mexico
| | - Patrick Ugochukwu Okoye
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, 62580, Temixco, Morelos, CP, Mexico
| | - Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, 62580, Temixco, Morelos, CP, Mexico
| | - P J Sebastian
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, 62580, Temixco, Morelos, CP, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Arias
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, 62580, Temixco, Morelos, CP, Mexico.
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Almeida JR, León ES, Corona EL, Fradinho JC, Oehmen A, Reis MAM. Ammonia impact on the selection of a phototrophic - chemotrophic consortium for polyhydroxyalkanoates production under light-feast / dark-aerated-famine conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120450. [PMID: 37574626 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production is an emerging technology for recovering carbon and nutrients from diverse wastewater streams. However, reliable selection methods for the enrichment of PHA accumulating purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) in phototrophic mixed cultures (PMC) are needed. This research evaluates the impact of ammonia on the selection of a PHA accumulating phototrophic-chemotrophic consortium, towards the enrichment of PHA accumulating PPB. The culture was operated under light-feast/dark-aerated-famine and winter simulated-outdoor conditions (13.2 ± 0.9 °C, transient light, 143.5 W/m2), using real fermented domestic wastewater with molasses as feedstock. Three ammonia supply strategies were assessed: 1) ammonia available only in the light phase, 2) ammonia always present and 3) ammonia available only during the dark-aerated-famine phase. Results showed that the PMC selected under 1) ammonia only in the light and 3) dark-famine ammonia conditions, presented the lowest PHA accumulation capacity during the light period (11.1 % g PHA/g VSS and 10.4 % g PHA/g VSS, respectively). In case 1), the absence of ammonia during the dark-aerated-famine phase did not promote the selection of PHA storing PPB, whereas in case 3) the absence of ammonia during the light period favoured cyanobacteria growth as well as purple sulphur bacteria with increased non-PHA inclusions, resulting in an overall decrease of phototrophic PHA accumulation capacity. The best PHA accumulation performance was obtained with selection under permanent presence of ammonia (case 2), which attained a PHA content of 21.6 % g PHA/g VSS (10.2 Cmmol PHA/L), at a production rate of 0.57 g PHA/L·day, during the light period in the selection reactor. Results in case 2 also showed that feedstock composition impacts the PMC performance, with feedstocks richer in more reduced volatile fatty acids (butyric and valeric acids) decreasing phototrophic performance and leading to acids entering the dark-aerated phase. Nevertheless, the presence of organic carbon in the aerated phase was not detrimental to the system. In fact, it led to the establishment of a phototrophic-chemotrophic consortium that could photosynthetically accumulate a PHA content of 13.2 % g PHA/g VSS (6.7 Cmmol PHA/L) at a production rate of 0.20 g PHA/L·day in the light phase, and was able to further increase that storage up to 18.5 % g PHA/g VSS (11.0 Cmmol PHA/L) at a production rate of 1.35 g PHA/L·day in the dark-aerated period. Furthermore, the light-feast/dark-aerated-famine operation was able to maintain the performance of the selection reactor under winter conditions, unlike non-aerated PMC systems operated under summer conditions, suggesting that night-time aeration coupled with the constant presence of ammonia can contribute to overcoming the seasonal constraints of outdoor operation of PMCs for PHA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - E Serrano León
- FCC Servicios Ciudadanos, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, edificio 3, 4ª planta, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Lara Corona
- FCC Servicios Ciudadanos, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, edificio 3, 4ª planta, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Fradinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - A Oehmen
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M A M Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Satta A, Esquirol L, Ebert BE. Current Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Photosynthetic Bioproduction in Cyanobacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020455. [PMID: 36838420 PMCID: PMC9964548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms capable of using solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and energy-rich organic compounds, thus enabling sustainable production of a wide range of bio-products. More and more strains of cyanobacteria are identified that show great promise as cell platforms for the generation of bioproducts. However, strain development is still required to optimize their biosynthesis and increase titers for industrial applications. This review describes the most well-known, newest and most promising strains available to the community and gives an overview of current cyanobacterial biotechnology and the latest innovative strategies used for engineering cyanobacteria. We summarize advanced synthetic biology tools for modulating gene expression and their use in metabolic pathway engineering to increase the production of value-added compounds, such as terpenoids, fatty acids and sugars, to provide a go-to source for scientists starting research in cyanobacterial metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Satta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Lygie Esquirol
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Natha, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Cultivation of the PHB-producing cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis in a pilot-scale open system using nitrogen from waste streams. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Senatore V, Rueda E, Bellver M, Díez-Montero R, Ferrer I, Zarra T, Naddeo V, García J. Production of phycobiliproteins, bioplastics and lipids by the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. treating secondary effluent in a biorefinery approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159343. [PMID: 36228791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have been identified as promising organisms to reuse nutrients from waste effluents and produce valuable compounds such as lipids, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and pigments. However, almost all studies on cyanobacterial biorefineries have been performed under lab scale and short cultivation periods. The present study evaluates the cultivation of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. in a pilot scale 30 L semi-continuous photobioreactor fed with secondary effluent for a period of 120 days to produce phycobiliproteins, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and lipids. To this end, the harvested biomass from the semi-continuous photobioreactor was transferred into 5 L vertical column batch photobioreactors to perform PHB and lipid accumulation under nutrient starvation. Three hydraulic retention times (HRT) (6, 8 and 10 days) were tested in the semi-continuous photobioreactor to evaluate its influence on biomass growth and microbial community. A maximum biomass concentration of 1.413 g L-1 and maximum productivity of 173 mg L-1 d-1 was reached under HRT of 8 days. Microscopy analysis revealed a shift from Synechocystis sp. to Leptolyngbya sp. and green algae when HRT of 6 days was used. Continuous, stable production of phycobiliproteins in the semi-continuous photobioreactor was obtained, reaching a maximum content of 7.4%dcw in the biomass. In the batch photobioreactors a PHB content of 4.8%dcw was reached under 7 days of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation, while a lipids content of 44.7%dcw was achieved under 30 days of nitrogen starvation. PHB and lipids production was strongly dependent on the amount of nutrients withdrawn from the grow phase. In the case of lipids, their production was stimulated when there was only phosphorus depletion. While Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation was needed to enhance the PHB production. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating cyanobacteria in treated wastewater to produce bio-based valuable compounds within a circular bioeconomy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Senatore
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, Building C5.1, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain; Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Estel Rueda
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, Building C5.1, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bellver
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Díez-Montero
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; GIA - Group of Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ivet Ferrer
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiziano Zarra
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Ray S, Jin JO, Choi I, Kim M. Recent trends of biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from C1 carbon sources. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:907500. [PMID: 36686222 PMCID: PMC9852868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing concerns over the use of limited fossil fuels and their negative impacts on the ecological niches have facilitated the exploration of alternative routes. The use of conventional plastic material also negatively impacts the environment. One such green alternative is polyhydroxyalkanoates, which are biodegradable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Recently, researchers have focused on the utilization of waste gases particularly those belonging to C1 sources derived directly from industries and anthropogenic activities, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and methanol as the substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoates production. Consequently, several microorganisms have been exploited to utilize waste gases for their growth and biopolymer accumulation. Methylotrophs such as Methylobacterium organophilum produced highest amount of PHA up to 88% using CH4 as the sole carbon source and 52-56% with CH3OH. On the other hand Cupriavidus necator, produced 71-81% of PHA by utilizing CO and CO2 as a substrate. The present review shows the potential of waste gas valorization as a promising solution for the sustainable production of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Key bottlenecks towards the usage of gaseous substrates obstructing their realization on a large scale and the possible technological solutions were also highlighted. Several strategies for PHA production using C1 gases through fermentation and metabolic engineering approaches are discussed. Microbes such as autotrophs, acetogens, and methanotrophs can produce PHA from CO2, CO, and CH4. Therefore, this article presents a vision of C1 gas into bioplastics are prospective strategies with promising potential application, and aspects related to the sustainability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Ray
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India,*Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Subhasree Ray,
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Subhasree Ray,
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Pichaiyotinkul P, Ruankaew N, Incharoensakdi A, Monshupanee T. Enhanced polyglucan contents in divergent cyanobacteria under nutrient-deprived photoautotrophy: transcriptional and metabolic changes in response to increased glycogen accumulation in nitrogen-deprived Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:27. [PMID: 36437374 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria accumulate polyglucan as main carbohydrate storage. Here, the cellular polyglucan content was determined in 27 cyanobacterial strains from 25 genera. The polyglucan contents were significantly enhanced in 20 and 23 strains under nitrogen (-N) and phosphate (-P) deprivation, respectively. High polyglucan accumulation was not associated with particular evolutionary groups but was strain specific. The highest polyglucan accumulations of 46.2% and 52.5% (w/w dry weight; DW) were obtained under -N in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis) and Chroococcus limneticus, respectively. In Synechocystis, 80-97% (w/w) of the polyglucan was glycogen. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses during glycogen accumulation under -N were determined in Synechocystis. The genes responsible for the supply of the substrates for glycogen synthesis: glycerate-1,3-phosphate and fructose-1,6-phosphate, were significantly up-regulated. The genes encoding the enzymes converting succinate to malate in TCA cycle, were significantly down-regulated. The genes encoding the regulator proteins which inhibits metabolism at lower part of glycolysis pathway, were also significantly up-regulated. The transcript levels of PII protein and the level of 2-oxoglutarate, which form a complex that inhibits lower part of glycolysis pathway, were significantly increased. Thus, the increased Synechocystis glycogen accumulation under -N was likely to be mediated by the increased supply of glycogen synthesis substrates and metabolic inhibitions at lower part of glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathanich Ruankaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.,Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, 10300, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanakarn Monshupanee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Díaz V, Leyva-Díaz JC, Almécija MC, Poyatos JM, Del Mar Muñío M, Martín-Pascual J. Microalgae bioreactor for nutrient removal and resource recovery from wastewater in the paradigm of circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127968. [PMID: 36115507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Every day, large quantities of wastewater are discharged from various sources that could be reused. Wastewater contains nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus, which can be recovered. Microalgae-based technologies have attracted attention in this sector, as they are able to bioremediate wastewater, harnessing its nutrients and generating algal biomass useful for different downstream uses, as well as having other advantages. There are multiple species of microalgae capable of growing in wastewater, achieving nutrient removal efficiencies surpassing 70%. On the other hand, microalgae contain lipids that can be extracted for energy recovery in biodiesel. Currently, there are several methods of lipid extraction from microalgae. Other biofuels can also be obtained from microalgae biomass, such as bioethanol, biohydrogen or biogas. This review also provides information on bioenergy products and products in the agri-food industry as well as in the field of human health based on microalgae biomass within the concept of circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain; Institute of Water Research, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - José Manuel Poyatos
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain; Institute of Water Research, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Muñío
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín-Pascual
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain; Institute of Water Research, University of Granada 18071, Granada, Spain
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Microalgae-Based Biorefineries: Challenges and Future Trends to Produce Carbohydrate Enriched Biomass, High-Added Value Products and Bioactive Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081146. [PMID: 36009773 PMCID: PMC9405046 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microalgae-based biorefineries allow the simultaneous production of microalgae biomass enriched in a particular macromolecule and high-added and low-value products if a proper selection of the microalgae species and the cultivation conditions are adequate for the purpose. This review discusses the challenges and future trends related to microalgae-based biorefineries stressing the multi-product approach and the use of raw wastewater or pretreated wastewater to improve the cost-benefit ratio of biomass and products. Emphasis is given to the production of biomass enriched in carbohydrates. Microalgae-bioactive compounds as potential therapeutical and health promoters are also discussed. Future and novel trends following the circular economy strategy are also discussed. Abstract Microalgae have demonstrated a large potential in biotechnology as a source of various macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and high-added value products (pigments, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, exo-polysaccharides, etc.). The production of biomass at a large scale becomes more economically feasible when it is part of a biorefinery designed within the circular economy concept. Thus, the aim of this critical review is to highlight and discuss challenges and future trends related to the multi-product microalgae-based biorefineries, including both phototrophic and mixotrophic cultures treating wastewater and the recovery of biomass as a source of valuable macromolecules and high-added and low-value products (biofertilizers and biostimulants). The therapeutic properties of some microalgae-bioactive compounds are also discussed. Novel trends such as the screening of species for antimicrobial compounds, the production of bioplastics using wastewater, the circular economy strategy, and the need for more Life Cycle Assessment studies (LCA) are suggested as some of the future research lines.
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Thevarajah B, Nishshanka GKSH, Premaratne M, Nimarshana P, Nagarajan D, Chang JS, Ariyadasa TU. Large-scale production of Spirulina-based proteins and c-phycocyanin: A biorefinery approach. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Liu R, Li S, Tu Y, Hao X, Qiu F. Recovery of value-added products by mining microalgae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114512. [PMID: 35066198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae blooms are always blamed for the interruption of the aquatic environment and pose a risk to the source of drinking water. Meanwhile, microalgae as primary producers are a kind of resource pool and could benefit the environment and contribute to building a circular economy. The lipid and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the cells of microalgae could be alternatives to fossil fuels and plastics, respectively, which are the culprits of global warming and plastic pollution. Besides, some microalgae are rich in nutrients, such as proteins and astaxanthin, which make themselves suitable for feed additives. As wastewater is rich in nutrients necessary for microalgae, thus, value-added product recovery via microalgae could be an approach to valorizing wastewater. However, a one-size-fits-all approach deploying various wastewater for the above products cannot be summarized. On the contrary, specific technical protocols should be tailored regarding each product in microalgae biomass with various wastewater. Thus, this review is to summarize the research effort by far on wastewater-cultivated microalgae for value-added products. Wastewater type, regulation methods, and targeted product yields are compiled and discussed and are expected to guide future extrapolation into a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranbin Liu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Siqi Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yingfan Tu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Fuguo Qiu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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12
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Machine Learning Methods Modeling Carbohydrate-Enriched Cyanobacteria Biomass Production in Wastewater Treatment Systems. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
One-stage production of carbohydrate-enriched microalgae biomass in wastewater is a promising option to obtain biofuels. Understanding the interaction of water quality parameters such as nutrients, carbon, internal carbohydrates, and microbial composition in the culture is crucial for efficient operation and viable large-scale cultivation. Bioprocess models are an essential tool for studying the simultaneous effect of complex factors on carbohydrate accumulation, optimizing the process, and reducing operational costs. In this sense, we use a dataset obtained from an empirical model that analyzed the accumulation of carbohydrates in a single process (simultaneous growth and accumulation) from real wastewater. In this experiment, there were no ideal conditions (limiting nutrient conditions), but rather these limitations are guaranteed by the operating conditions (hydraulic retention times/nutrient or carbon loads). Thus, the model integrates 18 variables that are affected and not only carbohydrates. The effect of these variables directly influences the accumulation of carbohydrates. Therefore, this paper analyzes artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to develop a model to forecast biomass production in wastewater treatment systems. Carbohydrates were modeled using five artificial intelligence methods: (1) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), (2) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), (3) Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTMs), (4) K-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and (5) Random Forest (RF)). The AI methods allow learning how several components interact and if their combinations work faster than building the physical experiments over the same period of time. After comparing the five learning models, the CNN-1D model obtained the best results with an MSE (Mean Squared Error) = 0.0028. This result shows that the model adequately approximates the system’s dynamics.
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Prabha S, Vijay AK, Paul RR, George B. Cyanobacterial biorefinery: Towards economic feasibility through the maximum valorization of biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152795. [PMID: 34979226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well known for their plethora of applications in the fields of food industry, pharmaceuticals and bioenergy. Their simple growth requirements, remarkable growth rate and the ability to produce a wide range of bio-active compounds enable them to act as an efficient biorefinery for the production of valuable metabolites. Most of the cyanobacteria based biorefineries are targeting single products and thus fails to meet the efficient valorization of biomass. On the other hand, multiple products recovering cyanobacterial biorefineries can efficiently valorize the biomass with minimum to zero waste generation. But there are plenty of bottlenecks and challenges allied with cyanobacterial biorefineries. Most of them are being associated with the production processes and downstream strategies, which are difficult to manage economically. There is a need to propose new solutions to eliminate these tailbacks so on to elevate the cyanobacterial biorefinery to be an economically feasible, minimum waste generating multiproduct biorefinery. Cost-effective approaches implemented from production to downstream processing without affecting the quality of products will be beneficial for attaining economic viability. The integrated approaches in cultivation systems as well as downstream processing, by simplifying individual processes to unit operation systems can obviously increase the economic feasibility to a certain extent. Low cost approaches for biomass production, multiparameter optimization and successive sequential retrieval of multiple value-added products according to their high to low market value from a biorefinery is possible. The nanotechnological approaches in cyanobacterial biorefineries make it one step closer to the goal. The current review gives an overview of strategies used for constructing self-sustainable- economically feasible- minimum waste generating; multiple products based cyanobacterial biorefineries by the efficient valorization of biomass. Also the possibility of uplifting new cyanobacterial strains for biorefineries is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syama Prabha
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Aravind K Vijay
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Rony Rajan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Basil George
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India.
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Rosero-Chasoy G, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Aguilar CN, Buitrón G, Chairez I, Ruiz HA. Growth kinetics and quantification of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, and chlorophyll of Spirulina platensis under aqueous conditions using different carbon and nitrogen sources. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126456. [PMID: 34863848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated different carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth and production of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and chlorophyll of Spirulina platensis LEB-52 through an easy successive methodology under aqueous conditions. Spirulina platensis was cultivated at 120 rpm and light intensity of 156 µmol m-2 s-1 in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask with a working volume of 250 mL, using Zarrouk's medium. The biomass, carbohydrate, and protein production together with the specific growth rate did not show a significant difference between NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. The salts of urea and ammonium are not an alternative nitrogen sources of low cost for Spirulina platensis cultivation. From the experimental results obtained in this study, a successful estimate of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, and chlorophyll content inside Spirulina platensis was achieved without use advanced analytical techniques, allowing saves resources and time. This method can be extrapolated to other microorganisms and cultivation regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilver Rosero-Chasoy
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Rodríguez-Jasso
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Germán Buitrón
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Isaac Chairez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, UPIBI, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. https://www.biorefinerygroup.com
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Gondi R, Kavitha S, Yukesh Kannah R, Parthiba Karthikeyan O, Kumar G, Kumar Tyagi V, Rajesh Banu J. Algal-based system for removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126245. [PMID: 34743994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation of emerging pollutants in wastewater via algal biotechnology has been emerging as a cost-effective and low-energy input technological solution. However, the algal bioremediation technology is still not fully developed at a commercial level. The development of different technologies and new strategies to cater specific needs have been studied. The existence of multiple emerging pollutants and the selection of microalgal species is a major concern. The rate of algal bioremediation is influenced by various factors, including accidental contaminations and operational conditions in the pilot-scale studies. Algal-bioremediation can be combined with existing treatment technologies for efficient removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater. This review mainly focuses on algal-bioremediation systems for wastewater treatment and pollutant removal, the impact of emerging pollutants in the environment, selection of potential microalgal species, mechanisms involved, and challenges in removing emerging pollutants using algal-bioremediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gondi
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rueda E, García J. Optimization of the phototrophic Cyanobacteria polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by kinetic model simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149561. [PMID: 34426369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can grow using inorganic substrates, such as CO2 from industrial sources and nutrients from wastewaters, and therefore are promising microorganisms to produce polyhydroxybutyrate in a cleaner circular context. However, this biotechnological production is highly challenging because it involves different interlinked reactions that are affected by environmental conditions, which hinders process optimization. In this study a new biokinetic mechanistic model using novel experimental approaches was developed to optimize polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and glycogen production. The model includes, for the first time, the production of glycogen and its conversion into PHB, which has been found as the main pathway to produce PHB. Model was successfully (r2: 0.6-0.99) calibrated and validated with experimental data from photobioreactors inoculated with Synechocystis sp. The developed model was used to determine suitable initial conditions for a lab scale batch reactor (6.4 mgN·L-1 and 2 mgP·L-1) and a new configuration for the continuous industrial production of PHB was proposed and optimized using this tool. The maximum productivity (5.1 mgPHB·L-1·d-1) and the optimal configuration and operation of the serial reactors to produce PHB in an industrial scale was achieved using a hydraulic retention time of 4 days in the growth reactor. Then, this reactor daily fed 20 batch accumulation reactors, which were discharged after 20 days. The optimal influent nutrients concentrations for this configuration was found to be 50 mgN·L-1 and 10 mgP·L-1. Results found in this study show the necessity to optimize biopolymers production with Cyanobacteria considering environmental conditions, and demonstrated the potential of this model as a tool to increase PHB productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel Rueda
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, Building C5.1, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Gudiukaite R, Nadda AK, Gricajeva A, Shanmugam S, Nguyen DD, Lam SS. Bioprocesses for the recovery of bioenergy and value-added products from wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113831. [PMID: 34649321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater and activated sludge present a major challenge worldwide. Wastewater generated from large and small-scale industries, laundries, human residential areas and other sources is emerging as a main problem in sanitation and maintenance of smart/green cities. During the last decade, different technologies and processes have been developed to recycle and purify the wastewater. Currently, identification and fundamental consideration of development of more advanced microbial-based technologies that enable wastewater treatment and simultaneous resource recovery to produce bioenergy, biofuels and other value-added compounds (organic acids, fatty acids, bioplastics, bio-pesticides, bio-surfactants and bio-flocculants etc.) became an emerging topic. In the last several decades, significant development of bioprocesses and techniques for the extraction and recovery of mentioned valuable molecules and compounds from wastewater, waste biomass or sludge has been made. This review presents different microbial-based process routes related to resource recovery and wastewater application for the production of value-added products and bioenergy. Current process limitations and insights for future research to promote more efficient and sustainable routes for this under-utilized and continually growing waste stream are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gudiukaite
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India.
| | - Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sabarathinam Shanmugam
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 442-760, South Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Rossi S, Visigalli S, Castillo Cascino F, Mantovani M, Mezzanotte V, Parati K, Canziani R, Turolla A, Ficara E. Metal-based flocculation to harvest microalgae: a look beyond separation efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149395. [PMID: 34426344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based flocculants are commonly used for biomass harvesting in microalgae-based bio-refineries. Besides the high separation efficiency, additional aspects should be considered, related to the toxicity of metals for the algal biomass. Partitioning tests for commonly used flocculants (i.e., FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3) showed that metals were mostly transferred to the solid phase with more than 95% of dosed metal ending up into the biomass, and low metal concentrations in the liquid effluent (lower than 0.4 mg L-1 for both metals), thus allowing for water reuse. Photosynthesis inhibition was tested on microalgae and microalgae-bacteria cultures, using a standardized photo-respirometry protocol in which typical concentrations used during coagulation-flocculation were assessed. Modelling dose-response curves, concentrations corresponding to 50% inhibition (IC50) were obtained, describing short-term effects. The obtained IC50 ranged from 13.7 to 28.3 mg Al L-1 for Al, and from 127.9 to 195.8 mg Fe L-1 for Fe, showing a higher toxicity for the Al-based flocculant. The recovery of photosynthesis inhibition was also quantified, to evaluate the possibility of reusing/recycling the harvested biomass. The results highlighted that the residual photosynthetic activities, evaluated after 1 h and 24 h of exposure to metals were partially recovered, especially for Al, passing from 67.3% to 94.6% activity, respectively, while long-term Fe effects were stronger (passing from 64.9% to 77.6% activity). A non-toxic flocculant (cationic starch) was finally tested, excluding potential effects due to biomass aggregation, as the reduction of photosynthetic activity only reached 3.4%, compared to control. Relevant modifications to the light availability and the optical properties of algal suspensions were assessed, identifying a strong effect of iron which caused an increase of the light absorbance up to approximately 40% at high Fe concentrations. Possible implications of dosing metallic flocculants in MBWWT processes are discussed, and suggestions are given to perform inhibition tests on flocculating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Visigalli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F Castillo Cascino
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Località La Quercia, 26027 Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - M Mantovani
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - V Mezzanotte
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Località La Quercia, 26027 Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - R Canziani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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A Review about Microalgae Wastewater Treatment for Bioremediation and Biomass Production—A New Challenge for Europe. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have received much attention in the last few years. Their use is being extended to different fields of application and technologies, such as food, animal feed, and production of valuable polymers. Additionally, there is interest in using microalgae for removal of nutrients from wastewater. Wastewater treatment with microalgae allows for a reduction in the main chemicals responsible for eutrophication (nitrogen and phosphate), the reduction of organic substrates (by decreasing parameters such as BOD and COD) and the removal of other substances such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. By selecting and reviewing 202 articles published in Scopus between 1992 and 2020, some aspects such as the feasibility of microalgae cultivation on wastewater and potential bioremediation have been investigated and evaluated. In this review, particular emphasis was placed on the different types of wastewaters on which the growth of microalgae is possible, the achievable bioremediation and the factors that make large-scale microalgae treatment feasible. The results indicated that the microalgae are able to grow on wastewater and carry out effective bioremediation. Furthermore, single-step treatment with mixotrophic microalgae could represent a valid alternative to conventional processes. The main bottlenecks are the large-scale feasibility and costs associated with biomass harvesting.
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20
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Solís-Salinas CE, Patlán-Juárez G, Okoye PU, Guillén-Garcés A, Sebastian PJ, Arias DM. Long-term semi-continuous production of carbohydrate-enriched microalgae biomass cultivated in low-loaded domestic wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149227. [PMID: 34332386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of carbohydrate-enriched biomass from waste streams as a sustainable biofuel precursor is a noteworthy endeavor. This study investigates the long-term microalgae cultivated under low domestic wastewater loads and different hydraulic retention times (HRT) in a semi-continuous photobioreactor. The influence of operational conditions, the microalgae interaction with carbon, nutrients availability, and microbial population in terms of carbohydrate content were elucidated. The results revealed that the operation at similar low nutrients and carbon loads maintained at three different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 10, 8, and 6 days caused different patterns in nutrients uptake and biomass composition. Particularly, the carbohydrate accumulation was greatly influenced by the unbalance in the N:P ratios than complete depletion of the nutrients. Hence, during the period operated at HRT of 10 d, high nutrients removal efficiencies were observed while gradually increasing carbohydrate content up to 57% in dry cell weight (DCW). Afterward, the decrease to 8 and 6 d of HRT showed lower nutrient consumption with depleted alkalinity, reaching an appreciably high carbohydrate accumulation of up to 46%, and 56%, respectively. The biomass concentration decreased in the order of HRT of 10, 8, and 6 days. This study demonstrated that microalgae adapted to low carbon and nutrient loads could still accumulate high carbohydrate at shorter HRT using domestic wastewater as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar E Solís-Salinas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cintalapa, Carretera Panamericana km. 995, 30400 Cintalapa, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Patlán-Juárez
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, Mexico; Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col, Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec, Morelos CP 62550. Mexico
| | - Patrick U Okoye
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, Mexico
| | - A Guillén-Garcés
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cintalapa, Carretera Panamericana km. 995, 30400 Cintalapa, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - P J Sebastian
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Arias
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, Mexico.
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21
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Arias DM, Ortíz-Sánchez E, Okoye PU, Rodríguez-Rangel H, Balbuena Ortega A, Longoria A, Domínguez-Espíndola R, Sebastian PJ. A review on cyanobacteria cultivation for carbohydrate-based biofuels: Cultivation aspects, polysaccharides accumulation strategies, and biofuels production scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148636. [PMID: 34323759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial biomass has constituted a crucial third and fourth-generation biofuel material, with great potential to synthesize a wide range of metabolites, mainly carbohydrates. Lately, carbohydrate-based biofuels from cyanobacteria, such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biobutanol, have attracted attention as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based products. Cyanobacteria can perform a simple process of saccharification, and extracted carbohydrates can be converted into biofuels with two alternatives; the first one consists of a fermentative process based on bacteria or yeasts, while the second alternative consists of an internal metabolic process of their own in intracellular carbohydrate content, either by the natural or genetic engineered process. This study reviewed carbohydrate-enriched cyanobacterial biomass as feedstock for biofuels. Detailed insights on technical strategies and limitations of cultivation, polysaccharide accumulation strategies for further fermentation process were provided. Advances and challenges in bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biobutanol production by cyanobacteria synthesis and an independent fermentative process are presented. Critical outlook on life-cycle assessment and techno-economical aspects for large-scale application of these technologies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce María Arias
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Edwin Ortíz-Sánchez
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col. Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec, Morelos CP, 62550, Mexico
| | - Patrick U Okoye
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico.
| | - Hector Rodríguez-Rangel
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Culiacán, Juan de Dios Batiz 310 pte. Col Guadalupe, CP, 80220 Culiacàn, Mexico
| | - A Balbuena Ortega
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Adriana Longoria
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Ruth Domínguez-Espíndola
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - P J Sebastian
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
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Pinto-Ibieta F, Serrano A, Cea M, Ciudad G, Fermoso FG. Beyond PHA: Stimulating intracellular accumulation of added-value compounds in mixed microbial cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125381. [PMID: 34120059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review compiled and analyzed the operational conditions (dissolved oxygen, feast and famine ratio, sequential batch reactor cycle length, organic loading rate (OLR), pH, C/N, and temperature) established during the feast and famine culture strategy for the mixed microbial cultures (MMC) selection to understand how these variables could affect the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyglucose, triacylglycerides, levulinic acid and adipic acid from non-fermented substrates. According to the reported information, the dissolved oxygen has a greater impact on the type and amount of produced compound. In a lesser extent, the OLR and the cycle length were identified to have an impact on the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates, whose accumulation was favored at lower OLR and longer cycle lengths. Thereby, the information of this work will allow the design of future strategies for the simultaneous accumulation of compounds of interest other than the polyhydroxyalkanoates or understand the operational conditions that would optimize the polyhydroxyalkanoates production.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pinto-Ibieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Serrano
- Instituto de la Grasa. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain.
| | - M Cea
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - G Ciudad
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Instituto del Medio Ambiente (IMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar #01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - F G Fermoso
- Instituto de la Grasa. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide- Ed. 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
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Samiotis G, Stamatakis K, Amanatidou E. Assessment of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as an option for sustainable wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:1438-1451. [PMID: 34559078 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewaters are recognized as a valuable resource, however, their disposal without proper treatment can result in environmental deterioration. The associated environmental/operational cost of wastewater treatment necessitates upgrade of applied processes towards the goals of sustainability and mitigation of climate change. The implementation of cyanobacteria-based processes can contribute to these goals via resources recovery, production of high-value products, carbon fixation and green-energy production. The present study evaluates the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (S7942) as a biological component for novel and sustainable alternatives to typical biological nutrient removal processes. Valuable results regarding cultivation temperature boundaries, applied disinfection techniques and analytical methods, as well as regarding relations between parameters expressing S7942 biomass concentration are presented. The results show that at typical industrial wastewater temperatures, S7942 efficiently grew and removed nitrates from treated snack-industry's wastewater. Moreover, in cultures with treated and relatively saline dairy wastewater, its growth rate slightly decreased, but nevertheless nitrates removal rate remained efficiently high. A comparison between typical denitrification processes and the proposed nutrient removal process indicated that a S7942-based system may constitute an alternative or a supplementary to denitrification process. Thus, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 proved to be a potent candidate towards sustainable industrial wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Samiotis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, Kozani 50100, Greece E-mail:
| | - Kostas Stamatakis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Elisavet Amanatidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, Kozani 50100, Greece E-mail:
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24
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Narindri Rara Winayu B, Chuang HP, Hsueh HT, Chu H. Elimination of inorganic carbon and nitrogen resided in swine wastewater using Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 enriched culture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125325. [PMID: 34052545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient pollution released from highly accumulated swine wastewater is getting concerned due to global warming and waterbody harmful. Traditional combination of nitrification and denitrification is commonly applied to remove carbon and nitrogen compounds resided in various wastewater with disadvantages of high cost and energy requirements. This study applied the thermophilic flat panel photobioreactor (tFPBR) with high growth rate of TCL-1 culture to evaluate the efficiency of inorganic carbon and nitrogen transformation. This 12-h operation resulted that TCL-1 enriched batch, grown in 50 °C and alkaline environment with 1,000 µE/m2/s light intensity, had high potential for CO2 fixation rate of 122.29 ± 9.93 mg/L/h and nitrogen removal rate of 7.76 mg-N/L/h treating swine wastewater, in comparison with comprehensive community involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles in the field-scale anoxic tank. This study provided the Rapid-growing photosynthetic cyanobacteria in place of slow-growing autotrophic microbes for of carbon and nitrogen transformation in the wastewater system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Ping Chuang
- Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Dionex Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ta Hsueh
- Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Dionex Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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25
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Arthrospira platensis as a Feasible Feedstock for Bioethanol Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades and to deal with the scarcity of fossil fuels, many studies have been developed in order to set up a sustainable biofuel production sector. This new sector must be efficient (high productivity), economically profitable (low production costs and therefore acceptable fuel prices), and ethical (low carbon balance, no competition with food resources). The production of bioethanol is based on the fermentation of reserve sugars, accumulated in the form of starch in microalgae and glycogen in cyanobacteria. The advantage of this bioenergy production route lies in the fact that the post-crop fermentation process is at the industrial stage since it has already been tested for many years for the production of bioethanol from agricultural resources. One of the most cultivated cyanobacteria is Arthrospira (“Spirulina”) and its production is also already at industrial scale. Depending on the cultivation conditions, this cyanobacteria is able to accumulate up to 65% DW (dry weight) of glycogen, making it a feasible feedstock for bioethanol production. The aim of this review is to provide a clear overview of these operating conditions for glycogen accumulation.
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26
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Rossetti S, Corvini P, Majone M. Special issue in memory of Valter Tandoi (IRSA-CNR) - A life-long commitment to environmental biotechnology. N Biotechnol 2021; 62:57-59. [PMID: 33465484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute, IRSA-CNR, Via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Philippe Corvini
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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García G, Sosa-Hernández JE, Rodas-Zuluaga LI, Castillo-Zacarías C, Iqbal H, Parra-Saldívar R. Accumulation of PHA in the Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. under Nutrient-Deficient Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010131. [PMID: 33396913 PMCID: PMC7795905 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional plastics have undoubted utility and convenience for everyday life; but when they are derived from petroleum and are non-biodegradable, they contribute to two major crises today's world is facing: fossil resources depletion and environmental degradation. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a promising alternative to replace them, being biodegradable and suitable for a wide variety of applications. This biopolymer accumulates as energy and carbon storage material in various microorganisms, including microalgae. This study investigated the influence of glucose, N, P, Fe, and salinity over the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Scenedesmus sp., a freshwater microalga strain not previously explored for this purpose. To assess the effect of the variables, a fractional Taguchi experimental design involving 16 experimental runs was planned and executed. Biopolymer was obtained in all the experiments in a wide range of concentrations (0.83-29.92%, w/w DW), and identified as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by FTIR analysis. The statistical analysis of the response was carried out using Minitab 16, where phosphorus, glucose, and iron were identified as significant factors, together with the P-Fe and glucose-N interactions. The presence of other relevant macromolecules was also quantified. Doing this, this work contributes to the understanding of the critical factors that control PHA production and present Scenedesmus sp. as a promising species to produce bio-resources in commercial systems.
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Treatment of Wastewaters by Microalgae and the Potential Applications of the Produced Biomass—A Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of different types of wastewater by physicochemical or biological (non-microalgal) methods could often be either inefficient or energy-intensive. Microalgae are ubiquitous microscopic organisms, which thrive in water bodies that contain the necessary nutrients. Wastewaters are typically contaminated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other trace elements, which microalgae require for their cell growth. In addition, most of the microalgae are photosynthetic in nature, and these organisms do not require an organic source for their proliferation, although some strains could utilize organics both in the presence and absence of light. Therefore, microalgal bioremediation could be integrated with existing treatment methods or adopted as the single biological method for efficiently treating wastewater. This review paper summarized the mechanisms of pollutants removal by microalgae, microalgal bioremediation potential of different types of wastewaters, the potential application of wastewater-grown microalgal biomass, existing challenges, and the future direction of microalgal application in wastewater treatment.
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Carlozzi P, Touloupakis E. Bioplastic production by feeding the marine Rhodovulum sulfidophilum DSM-1374 with four different carbon sources under batch, fed-batch and semi-continuous growth regimes. N Biotechnol 2020; 62:10-17. [PMID: 33333263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the ability of the marine bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum DSM-1374 to convert, via photo-fermentative process, certain organic acids such as single carbon source (acetate, lactate, malate and succinate) into polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulations within bacterial cells is evaluated. The main goal of the investigation was poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) synthesis by a photo-fermentative process. Of the four carbon sources, only succinate simultaneously produced P3HB and H2 (268 mg/L and 1085 mL/L respectively). Malate was the least productive source for P3HB; the other carbon sources (acetate and lactate) produced a significant amount of polymer (596 mg P3HB/L for acetate and 716 mg P3HB/L for lactate) when R. sulfidophilum was cultured in batch growth conditions. Cumulative P3HB increased significantly when the bacterium was grown under two steps: nutrient sufficient conditions (step 1) followed by macronutrient deficient conditions (step 2). The highest cumulative P3HB was observed at the end of step 2 (1000 mg/L) when R. sulfidophilum was fed with lactate under phosphorus starvation. When grown over 1200 h, under a semi-continuous regimen, the harvested dry-biomass reached a constant content of P3HB (39.1 ± 1.6 % of cell dry-weight), in the semi-steady state condition. Since lactate is an abundant byproduct of world industries, it can be used to mitigate the environmental impact in a modern circular bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carlozzi
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Gomes Gradíssimo D, Pereira Xavier L, Valadares Santos A. Cyanobacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A Sustainable Alternative in Circular Economy. Molecules 2020; 25:E4331. [PMID: 32971731 PMCID: PMC7571216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional petrochemical plastics have become a serious environmental problem. Its unbridled use, especially in non-durable goods, has generated an accumulation of waste that is difficult to measure, threatening aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The replacement of these plastics with cleaner alternatives, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), can only be achieved by cost reductions in the production of microbial bioplastics, in order to compete with the very low costs of fossil fuel plastics. The biggest costs are carbon sources and nutrients, which can be appeased with the use of photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, that have a minimum requirement for nutrients, and also using agro-industrial waste, such as the livestock industry, which in turn benefits from the by-products of PHA biotechnological production, for example pigments and nutrients. Circular economy can help solve the current problems in the search for a sustainable production of bioplastic: reducing production costs, reusing waste, mitigating CO2, promoting bioremediation and making better use of cyanobacteria metabolites in different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes Gradíssimo
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
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31
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CRISPR/Cas technology promotes the various application of Dunaliella salina system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8621-8630. [PMID: 32918585 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina (D. salina) has been widely applied in various fields because of its inherent advantages, such as the study of halotolerant mechanism, wastewater treatment, recombinant proteins expression, biofuel production, preparation of natural materials, and others. However, owing to the existence of low yield or in the laboratory exploration stage, D. salina system has been greatly restricted for practical production of various components. In past decade, significant progresses have been achieved for research of D. salina in these fields. Among them, D. salina as a novel expression system demonstrated a bright prospect, especially for large-scale production of foreign proteins, like the vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins. Due to the low efficiency, application of traditional regulation tools is also greatly limited for exploration of D. salina system. The emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system offers a precise editing tool to overcome the obstacles of D. salina system. This review not only comprehensively summarizes the recent progresses of D. salina in domain of gene engineering but also gives a deep analysis of problems and deficiencies in different fields of D. salina. Moreover, further prospects of CRISPR/Cas system and its significant challenges have been discussed in various aspects of D. salina. It provides a great referencing value for speeding up the maturity of D. salina system, and also supplies practical guiding significance to expand the new application fields for D. salina. KEY POINTS: • The review provides recent research progresses of various applications of D. salina. • The problems and deficiencies in different fields of D. salina were deeply analyzed. • The further prospects of CRISPR/Cas technology in D. salina system were predicted. • CRISPR/Cas system will promote the new application fields and maturity for D. salina.
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32
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Chu HM, Narindri B, Hsueh HT, Chu H. Improvement of Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 performance on biomass productivity and CO 2 fixation via growth factors arrangement. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 205:111822. [PMID: 32135470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The enormous attraction on CO2 biofixation using photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria has been risen due to its promising efficiency and valuable by-products production. In this study, an isolated cyanobacterium from hot spring in Taiwan, Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) was evaluated for its growth factors arrangement effect on the biomass productivity and CO2 biofixation. The initial biomass concentration, and nutrient supply level variation influenced TCL-1 biomass productivity and CO2 biofixation rate while the adjusted and controlled pH value gave an insignificant difference on its performance. The initial biomass concentration of 3 g L-1 gave the best result on biomass productivity and CO2 fixation which reached 143.4 mg L-1 h-1 and 224 mg L-1 h-1 respectively. Regarding to the result of this study, controlled pH value by the CO2 supply inside the reactor, produced an insignificant difference in TCL-1 performance compared to those with the uncontrolled pH value. The variation of nutrient supply level was achieved by the variation of macronutrient and micronutrient supply inside the medium. The G-solution contains metals and other micronutrient elements which are necessary for the growth of TCL-1. The combination between 5-folds MF medium as the macronutrient, and 3-folds G-solution as the micronutrient supply, present the best TCL-1 performance on biomass productivity and CO2 fixation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Man Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Birgitta Narindri
- Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Ta Hsueh
- Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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33
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Barreto MR, Aleixo NA, Silvestre RB, Fregonezi NF, Barud HDS, Dias DDS, Ribeiro CA, Resende FA. Genotoxicological safety assessment of puree-only edible films from onion bulb (Allium cepa L.) for use in food packaging-related applications. J Food Sci 2019; 85:201-208. [PMID: 31876295 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of films and coatings from onion (Allium cepa L.) to be applied as packaging is attractive, due to its high nutritional and therapeutic value. Also, it can collaborate to minimize environmental impacts caused by the improper disposal of products made from plastics. However, despite it being an innovative and novel proposal, onion films for the development of edible packaging should be evaluated before being considered nontoxic and safe for human consumption. Thus, the objective of the present study was to elucidate the cytotoxic and mutagenic profile of eluates of polymer films of Allium cepa L. obtained by the casting process and to verify their safety for commercial purposes. The analysis of cellular viability demonstrated greater cytotoxicity for unwashed hydrothermally treated pulp (HTP) than for films of washed hydrothermally treated pulp (W-HTP). Regarding the mutagenic activity, the HTP and W-HTP films were not able to statistically increase the frequencies of the biomarkers for chromosome damage (micronucleus test) at the tested concentrations. However, the HTP films showed signs of mutagenicity in the Ames test (gene mutations), suggesting caution in their use. The detection of genotoxicity is highly recommended in order to avoid the risk of genotoxic exposure to mutagens and carcinogens. In conclusion, the absence of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity observed in this study is extremely relevant, because it provides support for toxicogenic properties of the Allium cepa films with promising applicability in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The bioplastics made from onion bulbs are multifunctional materials, which requires safety profile assessment. The results of the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity tests suggests that especially the W-HTP films are harmless, supporting at the first level of evidence, its safety potential to be used in the food industry (food films), biodegradable packaging, and biomaterials (substrates for drug delivery system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodrigues Barreto
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Andrade Aleixo
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Baldassari Silvestre
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clovis Augusto Ribeiro
- São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP), Inst. of Chemistry, CEP 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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