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Sathitsamitphong L, Chitapanarux I, Srikummoon P, Thongsak N, Nakharutai N, Thumronglaohapun S, Supasri T, Hemwan P, Traisathit P. Ambient air pollution as a time-varying covariate in the survival probability of childhood cancer patients in the upper Northern Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303182. [PMID: 38728338 PMCID: PMC11086912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the possible association between exposure to air pollution and the risk of death from cancer during childhood in upper northern Thailand. Data were collected on children aged 0-15 years old diagnosed with cancer between January 2003 and December 2018 from the Chiang Mai Cancer Registry. Survival rates were determined by using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate associations of potential risk factors with the time-varying air pollution level on the risk of death. Of the 540 children with hematologic cancer, 199 died from any cause (overall mortality rate = 5.3 per 100 Person-Years of Follow-Up (PYFU); 95%CI = 4.6-6.0). Those aged less than one year old (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.07; 95%CI = 1.25-3.45) or ten years old or more (aHR = 1.41; 95%CI = 1.04-1.91) at the time of diagnosis had a higher risk of death than those aged one to ten years old. Those diagnosed between 2003 and 2013 had an increased risk of death (aHR = 1.65; 95%CI = 1.13-2.42). Of the 499 children with solid tumors, 214 died from any cause (5.9 per 100 PYFU; 95%CI = 5.1-6.7). Only the cancer stage remained in the final model, with the metastatic cancer stage (HR = 2.26; 95%CI = 1.60-3.21) and the regional cancer stage (HR = 1.53; 95%CI = 1.07-2.19) both associated with an increased risk of death. No association was found between air pollution exposure and all-cause mortality for either type of cancer. A larger-scale analytical study might uncover such relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imjai Chitapanarux
- Northern Thai Research Group of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (NTRG-TRO), Divisions of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthapat Thongsak
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nawapon Nakharutai
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Titaporn Supasri
- Atmospheric Research Unit of National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phonpat Hemwan
- Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Centre (Northern Region), Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Zheng C, Wang J, Zhou Y, Duan Y, Zheng R, Xie Y, Wei X, Wu J, Shen H, Ye M, Kong B, Liu Y, Xu P, Zhang Q, Liang T. IFNα-induced BST2 + tumor-associated macrophages facilitate immunosuppression and tumor growth in pancreatic cancer by ERK-CXCL7 signaling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114088. [PMID: 38602878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that resists immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages, abundant in the TME, modulate T cell responses. Bone marrow stromal antigen 2-positive (BST2+) macrophages increase in KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre mouse models during PDAC progression. However, their role in PDAC remains elusive. Our findings reveal a negative correlation between BST2+ macrophage levels and PDAC patient prognosis. Moreover, an increased ratio of exhausted CD8+ T cells is observed in tumors with up-regulated BST2+ macrophages. Mechanistically, BST2+ macrophages secrete CXCL7 through the ERK pathway and bind with CXCR2 to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway, promoting CD8+ T cell exhaustion. The combined blockade of CXCL7 and programmed death-ligand 1 successfully decelerates tumor growth. Additionally, cGAS-STING pathway activation in macrophages induces interferon (IFN)α synthesis leading to BST2 overexpression in the PDAC TME. This study provides insights into IFNα-induced BST2+ macrophages driving an immune-suppressive TME through ERK-CXCL7 signaling to regulate CD8+ T cell exhaustion in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Rujia Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiangchao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hang Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Surgical Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yunhua Liu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310003, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310003, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Benešová I, Křížová Ľ, Kverka M. Microbiota as the unifying factor behind the hallmarks of cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14429-14450. [PMID: 37555952 PMCID: PMC10590318 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem that colonizes body surfaces and interacts with host organ systems, especially the immune system. Since the composition of this ecosystem depends on a variety of internal and external factors, each individual harbors a unique set of microbes. These differences in microbiota composition make individuals either more or less susceptible to various diseases, including cancer. Specific microbes are associated with cancer etiology and pathogenesis and several mechanisms of how they drive the typical hallmarks of cancer were recently identified. Although most microbes reside in the distal gut, they can influence cancer initiation and progression in distant tissues, as well as modulate the outcomes of established cancer therapies. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which microbes influence carcinogenesis and discuss their current and potential future applications in cancer diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Benešová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Ľudmila Křížová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic.
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Pandey P, Khan F. Gut microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Current trends, translational challenges and future possibilities. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130401. [PMID: 37307905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is regarded as a crucial regulator of the immune system. Healthy gut microbiota plays a specialized role in host xenobiotics, nutrition, drug metabolism, regulation of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, defense against infections, and immunomodulation. It is now understood that any imbalance in gut microbiota composition from that present in a healthy state is linked to genetic susceptibility to a number of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, autoimmunity, and cancer. Recent research has suggested that immunotherapy can treat many different cancer types with fewer side effects and better ability to eradicate tumors than conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, a significant number of patients eventually develop immunotherapy resistance. A strong correlation was observed between the composition of the gut microbiome and the effectiveness of treatment by examining the variations between populations that responded to immunotherapy and those that did not. Therefore, we suggest that modulating the microbiome could be a potential adjuvant therapy for cancer immunotherapy and that the architecture of the gut microbiota may be helpful in explaining the variation in treatment response. Herein, we focus on recent research on the interactions among the gut microbiome, host immunity, and cancer immunotherapy. In addition, we highlighted the clinical manifestations, future opportunities, and limitations of microbiome manipulation in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida 201306, India.
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Faget DV, Luo X, Inkman MJ, Ren Q, Su X, Ding K, Waters MR, Raut GK, Pandey G, Dodhiawala PB, Ramalho-Oliveira R, Ye J, Cole T, Murali B, Zheleznyak A, Shokeen M, Weiss KR, Monahan JB, DeSelm CJ, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, Weilbaecher KN, Zhang J, DeNardo DG, Stewart SA. p38MAPKα Stromal Reprogramming Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer to Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1454-1477. [PMID: 36883955 PMCID: PMC10238649 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an intractable disease that responds poorly to immunotherapy. We show that p38MAPKα inhibition (p38i) limits tumor growth by reprogramming the metastatic tumor microenvironment in a CD4+ T cell-, IFNγ-, and macrophage-dependent manner. To identify targets that further increased p38i efficacy, we utilized a stromal labeling approach and single-cell RNA sequencing. Thus, we combined p38i and an OX40 agonist that synergistically reduced metastatic growth and increased overall survival. Intriguingly, patients with a p38i metastatic stromal signature had better overall survival that was further improved by the presence of an increased mutational load, leading us to ask if our approach would be effective in antigenic breast cancer. The combination of p38i, anti-OX40, and cytotoxic T-cell engagement cured mice of metastatic disease and produced long-term immunologic memory. Our findings demonstrate that a detailed understanding of the stromal compartment can be used to design effective antimetastatic therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Immunotherapy is rarely effective in breast cancer. We dissected the metastatic tumor stroma, which revealed a novel therapeutic approach that targets the stromal p38MAPK pathway and creates an opportunity to unleash an immunologic response. Our work underscores the importance of understanding the tumor stromal compartment in therapeutic design. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas V. Faget
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Xianmin Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Matthew J. Inkman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Qihao Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Xinming Su
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Kai Ding
- Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Integrative Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael R. Waters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Ganesh Kumar Raut
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Paarth B. Dodhiawala
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Renata Ramalho-Oliveira
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Thomas Cole
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Bhavna Murali
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Alexander Zheleznyak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Kurt R. Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Carl J. DeSelm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology & Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology & Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Institute for Informatics (I), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - David G. DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sheila A. Stewart
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Sohrab SS, Raj R, Nagar A, Hawthorne S, Paiva-Santos AC, Kamal MA, El-Daly MM, Azhar EI, Sharma A. Chronic Inflammation's Transformation to Cancer: A Nanotherapeutic Paradigm. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114413. [PMID: 37298889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The body's normal immune response against any invading pathogen that causes infection in the body results in inflammation. The sudden transformation in inflammation leads to the rise of inflammatory diseases such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disorders, and colorectal cancer (different types of cancer develop at the site of chronic infection and inflammation). Inflammation results in two ways: short-term inflammation i.e., non-specific, involves the action of various immune cells; the other results in long-term reactions lasting for months or years. It is specific and causes angiogenesis, fibrosis, tissue destruction, and cancer progression at the site of inflammation. Cancer progression relies on the interaction between the host microenvironment and tumor cells along with the inflammatory responses, fibroblast, and vascular cells. The two pathways that have been identified connecting inflammation and cancer are the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Both have their own specific role in linking inflammation to cancer, involving various transcription factors such as Nuclear factor kappa B, Activator of transcription, Single transducer, and Hypoxia-inducible factor, which in turn regulates the inflammatory responses via Soluble mediators cytokines (such as Interleukin-6, Hematopoietin-1/Erythropoietin, and tumor necrosis factor), chemokines (such as Cyclooxygenase-2, C-X-C Motif chemokines ligand-8, and IL-8), inflammatory cells, cellular components (such as suppressor cells derived from myeloid, tumor-associated macrophage, and acidophils), and promotes tumorigenesis. The treatment of these chronic inflammatory diseases is challenging and needs early detection and diagnosis. Nanotechnology is a booming field nowadays for its rapid action and easy penetration inside the infected destined cells. Nanoparticles are widely classified into different categories based on their different factors and properties such as size, shape, cytotoxicity, and others. Nanoparticles emerged as excellent with highly progressive medical inventions to cure diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and others. Nanoparticles have shown higher binding capacity with the biomolecules in inflammation reduction and lowers the oxidative stress inside tissue/cells. In this review, we have overall discussed inflammatory pathways that link inflammation to cancer, major inflammatory diseases, and the potent action of nanoparticles in chronic inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riya Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore University, Banglore 560056, India
| | - Amka Nagar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics Inc., Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 0RE, UK
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Bastos AR, Pereira-Marques J, Ferreira RM, Figueiredo C. Harnessing the Microbiome to Reduce Pancreatic Cancer Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092629. [PMID: 37174095 PMCID: PMC10177253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer mortality is expected to rise in the next decades. This aggressive malignancy has a dismal prognosis due to late diagnosis and resistance to treatment. Increasing evidence indicates that host-microbiome interactions play an integral role in pancreatic cancer development, suggesting that harnessing the microbiome might offer promising opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Herein, we review the associations between pancreatic cancer and the intratumoral, gut and oral microbiomes. We also explore the mechanisms with which microbes influence cancer development and the response to treatment. We further discuss the potentials and limitations of using the microbiome as a target for therapeutic interventions, in order to improve pancreatic cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Bastos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira-Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Jaboury S, Wang K, O’Sullivan KM, Ooi JD, Ho GY. NETosis as an oncologic therapeutic target: a mini review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170603. [PMID: 37143649 PMCID: PMC10151565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are a key form of pro-inflammatory cell death of neutrophils characterized by the extrusion of extracellular webs of DNA containing bactericidal killing enzymes. NETosis is heavily implicated as a key driver of host damage in autoimmune diseases where injurious release of proinflammatory enzymes damage surrounding tissue and releases 70 known autoantigens. Recent evidence shows that both neutrophils and NETosis have a role to play in carcinogenesis, both indirectly through triggering DNA damage through inflammation, and directly contributing to a pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of the various mechanisms of interaction and influence between neutrophils, with particular attention to NETosis, and cancer cells. We will also highlight the potential avenues thus far explored where we can intercept these processes, with the aim of identifying promising prospective targets in cancer treatment to be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jaboury
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenny Wang
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Joshua Daniel Ooi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo Yaw Ho
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gwo Yaw Ho,
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Ephraim R, Feehan J, Fraser S, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. Cancer Immunotherapy: The Checkpoint between Chronic Colitis and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246131. [PMID: 36551617 PMCID: PMC9776998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of diseases that cause intestinal inflammation and lesions because of an abnormal immune response to host gut microflora. Corticosteroids, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics are often used to reduce non-specific inflammation and relapse rates; however, such treatments are ineffective over time. Patients with chronic colitis are more susceptible to developing colorectal cancer, especially those with a longer duration of colitis. There is often a limit in using chemotherapy due to side effects, leading to reduced efficacy, leaving an urgent need to improve treatments and identify new therapeutic targets. Cancer immunotherapy has made significant advances in recent years and is mainly categorized as cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, or immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Checkpoint markers are expressed on cancer cells to evade the immune system, and as a result checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer treatment in the last 5-10 years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have produced long-lasting clinical responses in both single and combination therapies. Winnie mice are a viable model of spontaneous chronic colitis with immune responses like human IBD. Determining the expression levels of checkpoint markers in tissues from these mice will provide insights into disease initiation, progression, and cancer. Such information will lead to identification of novel checkpoint markers and the development of treatments with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors or vaccines to slow or stop disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ephraim
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Bhuyan R, Bhuyan SK, Mohanty JN, Das S, Juliana N, Abu IF. Periodontitis and Its Inflammatory Changes Linked to Various Systemic Diseases: A Review of Its Underlying Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102659. [PMID: 36289921 PMCID: PMC9599402 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gums. The incidence of periodontitis is increasing all over the world. In patients with periodontitis, there is gradual destruction of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone, and later, in advanced stages, there is tooth loss. Different microorganisms, the host’s immune response, and various environmental factors interact in the progression of this chronic inflammatory disease. In the present review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications of periodontitis. We also discuss the association of chronic inflammation found in periodontitis with various other systemic diseases, which include cardiovascular, respiratory, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, cancer, adverse pregnancy, and multiple myeloma, and also highlight microbial carcinogenesis and the microRNAs involved. The latest updates on the molecular mechanism, possible biomarkers, and treatment procedures may be beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bhuyan
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), Bhubaneswar 751003, India
- Department of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Bhuyan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Jatindra Nath Mohanty
- Department of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Srijit Das
- School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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11
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Bawaneh A, Wilson AS, Levi N, Howard-McNatt MM, Chiba A, Soto-Pantoja DR, Cook KL. Intestinal Microbiota Influence Doxorubicin Responsiveness in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4849. [PMID: 36230772 PMCID: PMC9563306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive with a poor 5-year survival rate. Targeted therapy options are limited and most TNBC patients are treated with chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine whether doxorubicin (Dox) shifts the gut microbiome and whether gut microbiome populations influence chemotherapeutic responsiveness. Female BALB/c mice (n = 115) were injected with 4T1-luciferase cells (a murine syngeneic TNBC model) and treated with Dox and/or antibiotics, high-fat diet-derived fecal microbiota transplant (HFD-FMT), or exogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal DNA samples. Mice that received Dox were stratified into Dox responders or Dox nonresponders. Mice from the Dox responders and antibiotics + Dox groups displayed reduced tumor weight and metastatic burden. Metagenomic analysis showed that Dox was associated with increased Akkermansia muciniphila proportional abundance. Moreover, Dox responders showed an elevated proportional abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila prior to Dox treatment. HFD-FMT potentiated tumor growth and decreased Dox responsiveness. Indeed, lipopolysaccharide, a structural component of Gram-negative bacteria, was increased in the plasma of Dox nonresponders and FMT + Dox mice. Treatment with exogenous LPS increases intestinal inflammation, reduces Dox responsiveness, and increases lung metastasis. Taken together, we show that modulating the gut microbiota through antibiotics, HFD-FMT, or by administering LPS influenced TNBC chemotherapy responsiveness, lung metastasis, and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Bawaneh
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Adam S. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Nicole Levi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Akiko Chiba
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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12
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Zhou W, Chen X, Fan Q, Yu H, Jiang W. Using proton pump inhibitors increases the risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979215. [PMID: 36188583 PMCID: PMC9515471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: More and more studies are focusing on the adverse effects and damage caused by PPI abuse, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing whether the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) leads to hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched until 1 July 2022, 25 studies (17 case-control and 8 cohort studies; 2741853 individuals) included in this study. Pooled Odd Ratios (ORs) were used for random effect models. Sensitivity analysis and dose-response analysis, subgroup analysis were all conducted. Results: The aggregate OR of the meta-analysis was 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42–2.01, p = 0.01) and heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%, p < 0.001) was substantial. According to stratified subgroup analyses, the incidence of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer was associated, expect for study design, study quality and region. Risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer is highest when people is treated with normal doses of PPI. The risks decrease and become insignificant when the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) increases. Conclusion: The use of PPI may be associated with an increased risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. Hence, caution is needed when using PPIs among patients with a high risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wence Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Wence Zhou,
| | - Xinlong Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qigang Fan
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haichuan Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Gupta I, Pedersen S, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE. Implications of Gut Microbiota in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Progression: A Concise Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122964. [PMID: 35740629 PMCID: PMC9221329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, the interactions between microbiota and the host have been reported to induce the onset and progression of human cancer via epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, some microorganisms can protect against cancer growth, indicating an anticancer therapeutic action of such microbiota. In the review, we summarize findings from the literature, exploring the underlying mechanisms by which pathogenic microorganisms induce EMT. We also highlight the potential of exploiting these complex interactions for developing new biological therapies. Abstract Advancement in the development of molecular sequencing platforms has identified infectious bacteria or viruses that trigger the dysregulation of a set of genes inducing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) event. EMT is essential for embryogenesis, wound repair, and organ development; meanwhile, during carcinogenesis, initiation of the EMT can promote cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies have reported that interactions between the host and dysbiotic microbiota in different tissues and organs, such as the oral and nasal cavities, esophagus, stomach, gut, skin, and the reproductive tract, may provoke EMT. On the other hand, it is revealed that certain microorganisms display a protective role against cancer growth, indicative of possible therapeutic function. In this review, we summarize recent findings elucidating the underlying mechanisms of pathogenic microorganisms, especially the microbiota, in eliciting crucial regulator genes that induce EMT. Such an approach may help explain cancer progression and pave the way for developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (A.-E.A.M.); Tel.: +974-4403-6643 (I.G.); +974-4403-7817 (A-E.A.M.)
| | - Shona Pedersen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (A.-E.A.M.); Tel.: +974-4403-6643 (I.G.); +974-4403-7817 (A-E.A.M.)
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14
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Gao Q, Zeng Q, Wang Z, Li C, Xu Y, Cui P, Zhu X, Lu H, Wang G, Cai S, Wang J, Fan J. Start of an era: circulating cell-free DNA for early detection of cancers. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100259. [PMID: 35647572 PMCID: PMC9133648 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective screening modalities are currently available for only a small subset of cancers, and they generally have suboptimal performance with complicated procedures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple, accurate, and non-invasive methods for early detection of cancers. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in plasma circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have shown the potential to revolutionize methods of early detection of cancers and facilitate subsequent diagnosis to improve survival of patients. The medical interest in cfDNA assays has been inspired by emerging single- and multi-early detection of cancers studies. This review summarizes current technological and clinical advances, in the hopes of providing insights into the development and applications of cfDNA assays in various cancers and clinical scenarios. The key phases of clinical development of biomarkers are highlighted, and the future developments of cfDNA-based liquid biopsies in early detection of cancers are outlined. It is hoped that this study can boost the potential integration of cfDNA-based early detection of cancers into the current clinical workflow. Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimal invasiveness and user friendliness, can identify multiple cancers at the early stage and localize the tissue of origin The state-of-the-art technology facilitates the application of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) assays in the early detection of cancers cfDNA assays are expected to be integrated into the clinical workflow after technological refinement and clinical trial validation The development and application strategies of cfDNA assays in various cancers and clinical scenarios can vary, and the harm-and-benefit should be balanced carefully
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China
| | | | - Yu Xu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Huafei Lu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | | | - Shangli Cai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510320, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
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15
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Balakrishnan V, Ganapathy S, Veerasamy V, Duraisamy R, Sathiavakoo VA, Krishnamoorthy V, Lakshmanan V. Anticancer and antioxidant profiling effects of Nerolidol against DMBA induced oral experimental carcinogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23029. [PMID: 35243731 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the chemopreventive effects of Nerolidol (NER) on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (HBC) induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in male golden Syrian hamsters. In this study, oral squamous cell carcinoma was developed in the buccal pouch of an oral painted hamster with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times weekly for 12 weeks. To assess DMBA-induced hamster buccal tissue carcinogenesis, biochemical endpoints such as Phase I and II detoxification enzymes, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by-products, and renal function markers, as well as histopathological examinations, were used. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical studies of interleukin-6 were investigated to find the inflammatory link in the HBC carcinogenesis. In our results, DMBA alone exposed hamsters showed 100% tumor growth, altered levels of antioxidants, detoxification agents, LPO, and renal function identifiers as compared to the control hamsters. The outcome in present biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry studies has been found a reverse in NER-treated hamsters against the tumor. This study concluded that NER modulated the biochemical profiles (antioxidants, detoxification, LPO, and renal function markers) and inhibited tumor development in DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaitheeswari Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sindhu Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vinothkumar Veerasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramachandhiran Duraisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vigil Anbiah Sathiavakoo
- Central Animal House, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Vennila Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
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16
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Algal Lipids as Modulators of Skin Disease: A Critical Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020096. [PMID: 35208171 PMCID: PMC8877676 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory skin diseases continues to increase with a high incidence in children and adults. These diseases are triggered by environmental factors, such as UV radiation, certain chemical compounds, infectious agents, and in some cases, people with a genetic predisposition. The pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, but also of skin cancers, is the result of the activation of inflammation-related metabolic pathways and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Inflammatory skin diseases are also associated with oxidative stress, overproduction of ROS, and impaired antioxidant defense, which affects the metabolism of immune cells and skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) in systemic and skin disorders. Lipids from algae have been scarcely applied to modulate skin diseases, but they are well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. They have shown scavenging activities and can modulate redox homeostasis enzymes. They can also downmodulate key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors such as NF-κB, decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, the exploitation of algae lipids as therapeutical agents for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases is highly attractive, being critically reviewed in the present work.
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Fang Y, Yan C, Zhao Q, Xu J, Liu Z, Gao J, Zhu H, Dai Z, Wang D, Tang D. The roles of microbial products in the development of colorectal cancer: a review. Bioengineered 2021; 12:720-735. [PMID: 33618627 PMCID: PMC8806273 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1889109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of microbes exist in the gut and they have the ability to process and utilize ingested food. It has been reported that their products are involved in colorectal cancer development. The molecular mechanisms which underlie the relationship between gut microbial products and CRC are still not fully understood. The role of some microbial products in CRC is particularly controversial. Elucidating the effects of gut microbiota products on CRC and their possible mechanisms is vital for CRC prevention and treatment. In this review, recent studies are examined in order to describe the contribution metabolites and toxicants which are produced by gut microbes make to CRC, primarily focusing on the involved molecular mechanisms.Abbreviations: CRC: colorectal cancer; SCFAs: short chain fatty acids; HDAC: histone deacetylase; TCA cycle: tricarboxylic acid cycle; CoA: cytosolic acyl coenzyme A; SCAD: short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase; HDAC: histone deacetylase; MiR-92a: microRNA-92a; KLF4: kruppel-like factor; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphate; PIP3: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate; Akt1: protein kinase B subtype α; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; NEDD9: neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated9; CAS: Crk-associated substrate; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; PRMT1: protein arginine methyltransferase 1; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; BA: bile acids; CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; LCA: lithocholic acid; CSCs: cancer stem cells; MHC: major histocompatibility; NF-κB: NF-kappaB; GPR: G protein-coupled receptors; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen substances; BER: base excision repair; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; MAPK: mitogen activated protein kinase; ERKs: extracellular signal regulated kinases; AKT: protein kinase B; PA: phosphatidic acid; TMAO: trimethylamine n-oxide; TMA: trimethylamine; FMO3: flavin-containing monooxygenase 3; H2S: Hydrogen sulfide; SRB: sulfate-reducing bacteria; IBDs: inflammatory bowel diseases; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BFT: fragile bacteroides toxin; ETBF: enterotoxigenic fragile bacteroides; E-cadherin: extracellular domain of intercellular adhesive protein; CEC: colonic epithelial cells; SMOX: spermine oxidase; SMO: smoothened; Stat3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Th17: T helper cell 17; IL17: interleukin 17; AA: amino acid; TCF: transcription factor; CDT: cytolethal distending toxin; PD-L1: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Fang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hanjian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhujiang Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- CONTACT Dong TangDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225001, China
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18
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Zhu Y, Qin H, Ye K, Sun C, Qin Y, Li G, Wang H, Wang H. Dual role of IL-37 in the progression of tumors. Cytokine 2021; 150:155760. [PMID: 34800851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-37 is a novel defined cytokine that belongs to IL-1 family, which possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. The IL-37 protein mainly exists in the cytoplasm of monocytes and is also expressed in epithelial cells and T cells. IL-37 is produced as a precursor which works in mature or immature isoforms without a classic signal peptide, and negatively regulates TLR agonist- mediated signaling pathway, proinflammatory cytokines, and IL-1R ligands. IL-37 has been found to be elevated and plays an anti-tumor role in various types of tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and cervical cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) refers to the cellular environment where the tumor or cancer stem cells exist. At present, growing evidence shows that changes in TME can regulate metabolism, immunity, secretion, and function, so as to inhibit or promote the progression of the tumor. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the TME is essential for the occurrence and development of tumors. In this review, we will summarize the role of IL-37 in the microenvironment of different tumors, hoping to provide novel perspectives towards the mechanism, prevention, and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kui Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Chenglu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yafei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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19
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Pharmacological and toxicological activities of α-humulene and its isomers: A systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Roviello G, Iannone LF, Bersanelli M, Mini E, Catalano M. The gut microbiome and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107973. [PMID: 34453999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been deeply changed by immunotherapy, achieving unprecedented improvement in overall and progression-free survival in several advanced and metastatic cancers. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) and programmed death/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) are being tested and approved for different tumors, ranging from melanoma to lung carcinoma. However, only a subgroup of patients can reach treatment benefits and long-term responses, and reliable biomarkers that can accurately predict clinical responses to immunotherapy are still unidentified. In the last decade, accumulating evidence seems to suggest the gut microbiota as one of the modulators that can alter the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy drugs (as well as chemotherapeutics), mainly acting through the local and systemic immune system. Herein, we reviewed the highly dynamic and complex microbiome-immune system interface, its bidirectional relationship with cancer immunotherapies, and explored the future possibilities and risks in manipulating the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Melissa Bersanelli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma and Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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21
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Red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio substantiates preoperative survival prediction in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2021; 154:229-235. [PMID: 34347223 PMCID: PMC8437903 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Object The conception of individual patient-adjusted treatment strategies is constantly emerging in the field of neuro-oncology. Systemic laboratory markers may allow insights into individual needs and estimated treatment benefit at an earliest possible stage. Therefore, the present study was aimed at analyzing the prognostic significance of preoperative routine laboratory values in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma. Methods Between 2014 and 2019, 257 patients were surgically treated for newly-diagnosed glioblastoma at the Neuro-Oncology Center of the University Hospital Bonn. Preoperative routine laboratory values including red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet count were reviewed. RDW to platelet count ratio (RPR) was calculated and correlated to overall survival (OS) rates. Results Median preoperative RPR was 0.053 (IQR 0.044–0.062). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated an optimal cut-off value for RPR to be 0.05 (AUC 0.62; p = 0.002, 95% CI 0.544–0.685). 101 patients (39%) presented with a preoperative RPR < 0.05, whereas 156 patients (61%) had a RPR ≥ 0.05. Patients with preoperative RPR < 0.05 exhibited a median OS of 20 months (95% CI 17.9–22.1), which was significantly higher compared to a median OS of 13 months (95% CI 10.9–15.1) in patients with preoperative RPR ≥ 0.05 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The present study suggests the RPR to constitute a novel prognostic inflammatory marker for glioblastoma patients in the course of preoperative routine laboratory examinations and might contribute to a personalized medicine approach.
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22
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Xian H, Li J, Zhang Y, Li D, Zhu Y, Li S, Tan Z, Lin Z, Li X, Pan Y. Antimetastatic Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Peptide on B16-F10-luc-G5 Melanoma Mice With Sleep Fragmentation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650216. [PMID: 34305583 PMCID: PMC8296642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) polysaccharide peptide (GL-pp) is a component of the globally acknowledged traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum; Ganoderma lucidum is known for its sedative, hypnotic, immune regulatory, antitumor, and other pharmacological effects. In recent years, sleep disorders have been linked to many diseases and human body disorders, including cancer. Some experimental studies in mice found that sleep fragmentation could promote tumor development and progression. However, effects on GL-pp on tumor metastasis under circumstances of sleep disorders have rarely been studied. Thus, in this study, we used mice with sleep fragmentation (SF) bearing B16-F10-luc-G5 melanoma tumors to investigate the effect of SF on melanoma metastasis. Furthermore, we investigated the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of GL-pp (80 mg/kg) in mice suffering from SF and bearing B16-F10-luc-G5. Then, whole proteomics was used to analyze the differences in protein expression in the lung tissue between SF mice bearing B16-F10-luc-G5 with and without GL-pp administration. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA was also used to analyze the impact of GL-pp on the gut microbiota composition in SF mice bearing B16-F10-luc-G5. Last, the effects of GL-pp on macrophage polarization and TNF-α serum levels were detected. Collectively, we found that SF significantly facilitated the B16-F10-luc-G5 melanoma tumor metastasis in mice, while GL-pp significantly reduced B16-F10-luc-G5 melanoma tumor metastasis under the condition of SF, in which proteomics and gut microbiota had been changed greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Xian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ditian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhelun Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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23
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Shahnazari M, Samadi P, Pourjafar M, Jalali A. Cell-based immunotherapy approaches for colorectal cancer: main achievements and challenges. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3253-3270. [PMID: 34156258 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid tumors, including subsets of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The successes with immunotherapy alone has largely been achieved in patients with advanced-stage mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H) CRCs. However, the benefits of immunotherapy have not been demonstrated to be effective in patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CRC, who are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or have low levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-L). Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the immune microenvironment of CRC tumors and describe the rapid pace of scientific changes. We discuss the tremendous promise of cell-based immunotherapy strategies that are under preclinical studies/clinical trials or being used in therapeutic paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahnazari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mona Pourjafar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering Immunological Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
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Wilkie T, Verma AK, Zhao H, Charan M, Ahirwar DK, Kant S, Pancholi V, Mishra S, Ganju RK. Lipopolysaccharide from the commensal microbiota of the breast enhances cancer growth: role of S100A7 and TLR4. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1508-1522. [PMID: 33969603 PMCID: PMC8978520 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of commensal bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of human malignancies has been a research field of incomparable progress in recent years. Although breast tissue is commonly assumed to be sterile, recent studies suggest that human breast tissue may contain a bacterial microbiota. In this study, we used an immune‐competent orthotopic breast cancer mouse model to explore the existence of a unique and independent bacterial microbiota in breast tumors. We observed some similarities in breast cancer microbiota with skin; however, breast tumor microbiota was mainly enriched with Gram‐negative bacteria, serving as a primary source of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment in late‐stage tumor lesions increased LPS levels in the breast tissue environment. We also discovered an increased expression of S100A7 and low level of TLR4 in late‐stage tumors with or without DSS as compared to early‐stage tumor lesions. The treatment of breast cancer cells with LPS increased the expression of S100A7 in breast cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, S100A7 overexpression downregulated TLR4 and upregulated RAGE expression in breast cancer cells. Analysis of human breast cancer samples also highlighted the inverse correlation between S100A7 and TLR4 expression. Overall, these findings suggest that the commensal microbiota of breast tissue may enhance breast tumor burden through a novel LPS/S100A7/TLR4/RAGE signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Wilkie
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Ajeet K Verma
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Helong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Manish Charan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Sashi Kant
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Vijay Pancholi
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
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Fouad MA, Salem SE, Osman AS, Badr DM, Hussein MM, Zekri AN, Hafez HF, Kamel MM, Shouman SA. Fluoropyrimdine therapy induced alterations in interleukins expression in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211008332. [PMID: 33832346 PMCID: PMC8040557 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211008332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the changes in the expression of inflammatory IL-6 and IL-1β during the treatment period of Fluoropyrimidine (FP) based therapy. RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 102 CRC patients before treatment with FP therapy, and from 48 and 32 patients after 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively. The genetic transcription of IL-6 and IL-1β was determined by real time PCR. Patients were stratified according to their levels of IL-6 and IL-1β genes expression for subgroup and survival analyses. Baseline CRC patients showed overexpression of IL-6 and IL-1β compared to healthy control. FP therapy significantly induced IL-6 and IL-1β expression. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with right colon tumors had significant elevation in both IL-6 and IL-1β with FP therapy. FP therapy significantly induced IL-1β expression in patients ⩽45 years, smokers, with high baseline level of CA19.9, right colon tumors, low grade pathology, T3 tumors and positive lymph nodes. Survival analysis showed that baseline levels of interleukins expression had insignificant effect on overall survival and event free survival. FP therapy has an impact on the level of interleukins expression declared in certain clinicopathological subgroups of CRC patients, but without a prognostic significance on patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem E Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf S Osman
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Badr
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hussein
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hafez F Hafez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Wu ZF, Zou K, Xiang CJ, Jin ZJ, Ding HH, Xu S, Wu GN, Wang YH, Wu XY, Chen C, Yao XQ, Zhang JF, Liu FK. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the co-occurrence of bacteria in the oral cavity and the gastric mucosa. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12786. [PMID: 33596339 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogens capable of impacting gastrointestinal tract tumor development are located in the oral cavity, but whether these oral bacteria are able to colonize the gastric mucosa in gastric cancer (GC) patients and whether Helicobacter pylori infection can influence this process remains to be established. METHODS Microbial 16S rDNA deep sequencing was conducted to characterize bacteria present in paired gastric mucosa and tongue coating samples in 27 patients with superficial gastritis (SG) and 11 GC patients. RESULTS While the overall composition of the gastric mucosa and tongue coating microbiomes differed substantially, certain bacteria were present in both of these communities. The co-occurrence of bacteria between the tongue coating and gastric mucosa differed significantly between SG and GC patients. Of the 15 most abundant shared oral bacteria genera (the core shared oral bacteria), which were associated with differences in microbiota composition between these tongue coating and gastric mucosa, three were enriched in the gastric mucosa of GC patients relative to SG patients, whereas, 12 were depleted in GC patient samples. Furthermore, the prevalence and relative abundance of these core shared oral bacteria in the gastric mucosa were also linked to H. pylori infection status, and the core shared oral bacteria were also associated with the overall composition of the gastric mucosal microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori infections are linked to the co-occurrence of bacteria in the oral microbiome and the gastric mucosal microbiome. Ectopic colonization of oral microbes may be a primary driver of H. pylori-induced gastric microbial dysbiosis in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Jie Xiang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Hua Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan-Nan Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Che Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Quan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Kun Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Microorganisms can help maintain homeostasis in humans by providing nutrition, maintaining hormone balance, and regulating inflammatory responses. In the case of imbalances, these microbes can cause various diseases, even malignancy. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by high tumor invasiveness, distant metastasis, and insensitivity to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, and it is confirmed that PC is closely related to microorganisms. Recently, most studies based on clinical samples or case reports discussed the positive or negative relationships between microorganisms and PC. However, the specific mechanisms are blurry, especially the involved immunological pathways, and the roles of beneficial flora have usually been ignored. We reviewed studies published through September 2020 as identified using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. We mainly introduced the traits of oral, gastrointestinal, and intratumoral microbes in PC and summarized the roles of these microbes in tumorigenesis and tumoral development through immunological pathways, in addition to illustrating the relationships between metabolic diseases with PC by microorganism. In addition, we identified microorganisms as biomarkers for early diagnosis and immunotherapy. This review will be significant for greater understanding the effect of microorganisms in PC and provide more meaningful guidance for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Chunlei Mei
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixi Li
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Yingjun Xie
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
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28
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Immunity as Cornerstone of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Contribution of Oxidative Stress in the Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010436. [PMID: 33406763 PMCID: PMC7795122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become the major cause of chronic liver disease, especially in western countries. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic histological alterations, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis with a potential development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by lobular inflammation and fibrosis. Several studies reported that insulin resistance, redox unbalance, inflammation, and lipid metabolism dysregulation are involved in NAFLD progression. However, the mechanisms beyond the evolution of simple steatosis to NASH are not clearly understood yet. Recent findings suggest that different oxidized products, such as lipids, cholesterol, aldehydes and other macromolecules could drive the inflammation onset. On the other hand, new evidence indicates innate and adaptive immunity activation as the driving force in establishing liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we discuss how immunity, triggered by oxidative products and promoting in turn oxidative stress in a vicious cycle, fuels NAFLD progression. Furthermore, we explored the emerging importance of immune cell metabolism in determining inflammation, describing the potential application of trained immune discoveries in the NASH pathological context.
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29
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Chen PJ, Chen YY, Lin CW, Yeh YT, Yeh HW, Huang JY, Yang SF, Yeh CB. Effect of Periodontitis and Scaling and Root Planing on Risk of Pharyngeal Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010008. [PMID: 33375028 PMCID: PMC7792785 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between periodontitis and the risk of pharyngeal cancer in Taiwan. For this population-based nested case–control study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database derived from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients (n = 1292) who were newly diagnosed with pharyngeal cancer between 2005 and 2013 and exactly paired them with propensity score matched control subjects (n = 2584). Periodontitis and scaling and root planing (SRP) were identified before the index date. Pharyngeal cancer was subdivided into 3 subgroups on the basis of anatomic location: nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and hypopharyngeal cancer. A multiple conditional logistic regression model was applied to analyze the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of pharyngeal cancer (aOR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17 to 2.10), especially oropharyngeal cancer (aOR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.07 to 4.60). We found a decreased risk of pharyngeal cancer in patients who had undergone SRP (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.96). In conclusion, this study showed that periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of pharyngeal cancer and SRP exerted a protective effect against pharyngeal cancer. Our results suggest that treating periodontitis and performing SRP, which are modifiable factors in oral health, in clinical practice may provide an opportunity to decrease the disease burden of pharyngeal cancer in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ju Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Department of Dentistry, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yang Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Tung Yeh
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Graduate School of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (C.-B.Y.)
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (C.-B.Y.)
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Wang R, Chen M, Ye X, Poon K. Role and potential clinical utility of ARID1A in gastrointestinal malignancy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108360. [PMID: 34083049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ARID1A (AT-rich interactive domain 1A) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor gene, and its encoded product is an important component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. ARID1A plays an important role in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and the regulation of other of biological behaviors. Recently, ARID1A mutations have been increasingly reported in esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and other malignant tumors of the digestive system. This article reviews the relationship between ARID1A mutation and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including microsatellite instability and the PI3K/ATK signaling pathway, and relates these mechanisms to the prognostic assessment of digestive malignancy. Further, this review describes the potential for molecular pathologic epidemiology (MPE) to provide new insights into environment-tumor-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ye
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519085, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Karen Poon
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519085, Guangdong Province, China.
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31
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Lactobacillus Attenuate the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer Promoted by Porphyromonas Gingivalis in K-rasG12D Transgenic Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123522. [PMID: 33255941 PMCID: PMC7760978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is aggressive and lethal with a five year survival rate of only 5–9%. While the exact pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer is not fully understood, oral pathogens associated with periodontitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), are linked to the disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the causal association between exposure to P. gingivalis and subsequent carcinogenesis, and the potential modulatory effects of probiotics. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mouse models. In addition, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway may be involved in the cancer-promoting effect of P. gingivalis and the suppressive effects of probiotics. Further understanding of the mechanisms of tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effects of TGF-β signaling may have potential as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a link between the host microbiome and pancreatic carcinogenesis, and that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The aim of the current study was to clarify the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and the potential immune modulatory effects of probiotics. The six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice smeared P. gingivalis on the gums, causing pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after four weeks to be similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The oral inoculation of P. gingivalis of six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice caused significantly pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after treatment four weeks is similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The pancreas weights of P. gingivalis plus probiotic-treated mice were significantly lower than the mice treated with P. gingivalis alone (P = 0.0028). The histological expressions of Snail-1, ZEB-1, collagen fibers, Galectin-3, and PD-L1 staining in the pancreas were also notably lower. In addition, probiotic administration reduced the histological expression of Smad3 and phosphorylated Smad3 in P. gingivalis treated KC mice. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of PanIN lesions. Probiotics are likely to have a beneficial effect by reducing cancer cell proliferation and viability, inhibiting PanIN progression, and cancer cell metastasis (Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, EMT). The transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway may be involved in the tumor suppressive effects of probiotics.
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Bidirectional and dynamic interaction between the microbiota and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188484. [PMID: 33246025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies and is known for its high resistance and low response to treatment. Cancer treatments can reshape the microbiota and in turn, the microbiota influences the therapeutic efficacy by regulating immune response and metabolism. This crosstalk is bidirectional, heterogeneous, and dynamic. In this review, we elaborated on the interactions between the microbiota and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Regulating the microbiota in pancreatic tumor microenvironment may not only generate direct anti-cancer but also synergistic effects with other treatments, providing new directions in cancer therapy.
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Majumder D, Nath P, Debnath R, Maiti D. Understanding the complicated relationship between antioxidants and carcinogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22643. [PMID: 32996240 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-product of cellular respiration and also due to the exposure of various xenobiotics, whereas mitochondrial electron transport chain is considered as the main source of ROS generation. The sequential addition to molecular oxygen gives rise to various forms of ROS like superoxide anion, peroxide, hydroxyl radical, hydroxyl ion, and so forth. However, the uncontrolled level of ROS generation and accumulation alters the body homeostasis. Excessive generation of ROS leads to oxidative stress and various kinds of diseases including cancer. To counteract ROS, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants' armory is available in our body. Apart from endogenous antioxidants, we are also consuming various exogenous antioxidants. Antioxidants protect us from ROS-mediated damages and inhibit ROS-induced carcinogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that antioxidants could also act as tumor-promoting agents. Various anticancer drugs are used to kill the cancer cells through the generation of oxidative stress in them, but the cancer cells can counteract the effect with the help of various endogenous as well as exogenous antioxidants. Our review will summarize the multifaceted relationship between antioxidants and carcinogenesis, and it will help to create new directions in antioxidant-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Majumder
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Priyatosh Nath
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Department of Human Physiology, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
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Abstract
Proteins succumb to numerous post-translational modifications (PTMs). These relate to enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions taking place in either the intracellular or extracellular compartment. While intracellular oxidative changes are mainly due to redox stress, extracellular PTMs may be induced in an inflammatory micro milieu that is rich in reactive species. The increasing recognition of oxidative modifications as a causing agent or side-effect of pathophysiological states and diseases puts oxidative PTMS (oxPTMs) into the spotlight of inflammation research. Pathological hyper-modification of proteins can lead to accumulation, aggregation, cell stress, altered antigenic peptides, and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-like recognition by host immunity. Such processes are linked to cardiovascular disease and autoinflammation. At the same time, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing inflammatory responses to oxPTMs may capitalize on new therapeutic routes for enhancing adaptive immune responses as needed, for instance, in oncology. We here summarize some of the latest developments of oxPTMs in disease diagnosis and therapy. Potential target proteins and upcoming technologies, such as gas plasmas, are outlined for future research that may aid in identifying the molecular basis of immunogenic vs. tolerogenic oxPTMs.
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35
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Longhi G, van Sinderen D, Ventura M, Turroni F. Microbiota and Cancer: The Emerging Beneficial Role of Bifidobacteria in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575072. [PMID: 33013813 PMCID: PMC7507897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many intestinal bacteria are believed to be involved in various inflammatory and immune processes that influence tumor etiology because of their metabolic properties and their ability to alter the microbiota homeostasis. Although many functions of the microbiota are still unclear, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that the intestinal microbiota is able to modulate carcinogenesis and the response to anticancer therapies, both in the intestinal tract and other body sites. Among the wide variety of gut-colonizing microorganisms, various species belonging to the Bifidobacterium genus are believed to elicit beneficial effects on human physiology and on the host-immune system. Recent findings, based on preclinical mouse models and on human clinical trials, have demonstrated the impact of gut commensals including bifidobacteria on the efficacy of tumor-targeting immunotherapy. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure, bifidobacteria and other microorganisms have become a promising aid to immunotherapeutic procedures that are currently applied to treat cancer. The present review focuses on strategies to recruit the microbiome in order to enhance anticancer responses and develop therapies aimed at fighting the onset and progression of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Alimentary Pharmabotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Kancharla J, Prasad IDV, Bhaskar LV, Bramhachari PV, Alam A. Meta-analysis of NFKB1-94 ATTG Ins/Del Polymorphism and Risk of Breast Cancer. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:221-225. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200310113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world.
Inflammatory molecules modulate tumor microenvironment in BC that promotes tumor growth and metastasis.
NF-κB (a transcription factor) that regulates multiple immune functions and acts as a crucial mediator of inflammatory
responses.
Objective:
The present study is aimed to quantitatively summarize the relation of NFKB1-94 ATTG (I, insertion/D,
deletion) variant and risk of BC.
Methods:
Further, the meta-analysis includes three independent case-control investigations that focus on NFKB1-94,
ATTG I/D polymorphism, and BC patients. Web of Science, PubMed and Embase databases were used to retrieve
relevant data. OR and 95% confidence interval of pooled studies were analyzed by using the MetaGenyo web tool.
Results:
This study revealed a high heterogeneity. In all three genetic comparison models, the NFKB1-94 ATTG I/D
variant is not related to the risk of BC. Further, no publication bias on the connection between NFKB1-94 ATTG I/D
variant and risk of BC was observed.
Conclusion:
To summarize, our meta-analysis demonstrates that the NFKB1-94 ATTG I/D polymorphism is not a
major risk factor for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothsna Kancharla
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - I. Devi Vara Prasad
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Ongole 523001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Afroz Alam
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
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Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Sighinolfi P, Brugioni L, Stefani A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Aramini B. Cancer Stem-Like Cells in a Case of an Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lung. Front Oncol 2020; 10:673. [PMID: 32500024 PMCID: PMC7243805 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory myofibroblast tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor with obscure etiopathogenesis in which different inflammatory cells and myofibroblastic spindle cells are seen histologically. Although the majority of these neoplasms have a benign clinical course, the malignant form has also been reported. The gold standard is surgical treatment for complete removal. Our report describes a 50-year-old woman who underwent surgery for IMT of the lung. The aim is to determine whether cancer stem cells may be present in IMT of the lung. Methods: In April 2018, the patient underwent surgery for tumor mass asportation through lateral thoracotomy. The histology of the tumor was consistent with IMT of the lung. The ALDEFLUOR assay, after tissue digestion, was used to identify and sort human lung cancer cells expressing high and low aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. SOX2, NANOG, OCT-4, and c-MYC positivity were additionally determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The specimen contained 1.10% ALDHhigh cells among all viable lung cancer cells, which indicates the population of cancer stem cells is not negligible. Immunohistochemically assessed cell positivity for ALDH1A1, SOX2, NANOG, OCT-4, and c-MYC, which are considered as lung cancer stem-like cells markers. Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrated the presence of cancer stem cells in a case of IMT of the lung. This finding may provide a base for considering new pathological and molecular aspects of this tumor. This perspective suggests further studies to understand the possibility of developing recurrence depending on the presence of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pamela Sighinolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Brugioni
- Internal Medicine and Critical Care Unit, Department of Integrated Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Si H, Yang Q, Hu H, Ding C, Wang H, Lin X. Colorectal cancer occurrence and treatment based on changes in intestinal flora. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:3-10. [PMID: 32404293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in the world, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. The occurrence of CRC is believed to be related to a variety of factors. Epidemiological data indicate that CRC is mainly affected by environmental factors, eating habits, physical activity and genetic factors. As a newly recognized functional component, the intestinal microbiota plays important roles in preventing CRC formation and maintaining intestinal immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota causes CRC through alterations to immune function, focusing on the mechanisms by which intestinal microbial dysfunction promotes CRC. Furthermore, we describe the changes in the intestinal flora observed in CRC and their potential for CRC treatment with the goal of facilitating future research on the roles of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Chunsheng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Huichao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China.
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Di Sarno R, Brigida A, Caprio GG, Ciardiello D, Dallio M, Sangineto M, Fagoonee S, Abenavoli L, Luzza F, Gravina AG, De Magistris L, Federico A, Loguercio C. Critical review on the use and abuse of alcohol. When the dose makes the difference. Minerva Med 2020; 111:344-353. [PMID: 32338485 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.06584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays harmful alcohol consumption represents one of the most important risk factors for the development of several type of chronic and acute diseases in the western countries, contributing to a great number of deaths. Focusing the attention on cancer development and progression, the scientific community has a large consensus in declaring the existence of a harmful association between alcohol consumption and liver, breast, upper aerodigestive tract (mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus), pancreas and colon cancer appearance. However the precise biological links by which the alcohol could be responsible for cancer initiation and progression are not fully understood yet, even if the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) indicated both ethanol and acetaldehyde as carcinogen for humans. The possible explanation of the effect exerted by ethanol and acetaldehyde could be related to direct genotoxicity, hormonal disturbance, triggering of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, we examine the relationship between alcohol dosage and associated diseases, with focus on alcohol-related cancers. Furthermore, to understand the potential molecular mechanisms of these diseases, the results of in vivo experiments on animal models were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Brigida
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe G Caprio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
| | - Moris Sangineto
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonietta G Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura De Magistris
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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40
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Rogovskii VS, Popov SV, Sturov NV, Shimanovskii NL. The Possibility of Preventive and Therapeutic Use of Green Tea Catechins in Prostate Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1223-1231. [PMID: 30947675 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190404153058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer. Despite the existence of various treatment strategies, treatment of prostate cancer still presents serious difficulties (especially in advanced stages). Polyphenols have been extensively assessed in terms of their potential use for prostate cancer treatment and prevention. Catechins are among the most well-known polyphenols in this respect. OBJECTIVE In this review, we summarize clinical study results concerning catechin applications with regard to prostate cancer treatment and prevention. We discuss some of the main mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic action of catechins. CONCLUSION The main mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic action of catechins are subdivided into two major types: (i) direct action on cancer cells and (ii) indirect effect based on catechins's impact on the microenvironment of cancer cells, particularly in relation to the immune system. At this level catechins might reduce tumor-associated inflammation and immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Rogovskii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Department of General medical practice, Medical Institute Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Sturov
- Department of General medical practice, Medical Institute Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai L Shimanovskii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russian Federation
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The Fate of Th17 Cells is Shaped by Epigenetic Modifications and Remodeled by the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051673. [PMID: 32121394 PMCID: PMC7084267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells represent a subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the master transcription factor RORγt and the production of IL-17. Epigenetic modifications such as post-translational histone modifications and DNA methylation play a key role in Th17 cell differentiation and high plasticity. Th17 cells are highly recruited in many types of cancer and can be associated with good or bad prognosis. Here, we will review the remodeling of the epigenome induced by the tumor microenvironment, which may explain Th17 cell predominance. We will also discuss the promising treatment perspectives of molecules targeting epigenetic enzymes to remodel a Th17-enriched tumor microenvironment.
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Irani S, Barati I, Badiei M. Periodontitis and oral cancer - current concepts of the etiopathogenesis. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:465. [PMID: 32231765 PMCID: PMC7097927 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival tissues are attacked by oral pathogens which can induce inflammatory reactions. The immune-inflammatory responses play essential roles in the patient susceptibility to periodontal diseases. There is a wealth of evidence indicating a link between chronic inflammation and risk of malignant transformation of the affected oral epithelium. Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic systemic conditions including autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Besides, some risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus have been found to be associated with both periodontitis and oral cancer. This review article aimed to study the current concepts in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and oral cancer by reviewing the related articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Dental Research Centre, Oral Pathology Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Iman Barati
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammadreza Badiei
- Dental Student, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Illiano P, Brambilla R, Parolini C. The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease. FEBS J 2020; 287:833-855. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Placido Illiano
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine FL USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine FL USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research BRIDGE‐Brain Research‐Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Italy
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Baffy G. Gut Microbiota and Cancer of the Host: Colliding Interests. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:93-107. [PMID: 32130695 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer develops in multicellular organisms from cells that ignore the rules of cooperation and escape the mechanisms of anti-cancer surveillance. Tumorigenesis is jointly encountered by the host and microbiota, a vast collection of microorganisms that live on the external and internal epithelial surfaces of the body. The largest community of human microbiota resides in the gastrointestinal tract where commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms interact with the intestinal barrier and gut mucosal lymphoid tissue, creating a tumor microenvironment in which cancer cells thrive or perish. Aberrant composition and function of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) has been associated with tumorigenesis by inducing inflammation, promoting cell growth and proliferation, weakening immunosurveillance, and altering food and drug metabolism or other biochemical functions of the host. However, recent research has also identified several mechanisms through which gut microbiota support the host in the fight against cancer. These mechanisms include the use of antigenic mimicry, biotransformation of chemotherapeutic agents, and other mechanisms to boost anti-cancer immune responses and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Further research in this rapidly advancing field is expected to identify additional microbial metabolites with tumor suppressing properties, map the complex interactions of host-microbe 'transkingdom network' with cancer cells, and elucidate cellular and molecular pathways underlying the impact of specific intestinal microbial configurations on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Caputo F, Santini C, Bardasi C, Cerma K, Casadei-Gardini A, Spallanzani A, Andrikou K, Cascinu S, Gelsomino F. BRAF-Mutated Colorectal Cancer: Clinical and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5369. [PMID: 31661924 PMCID: PMC6861966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is a heterogeneous disease, which can be classified into different subtypes, characterized by specific molecular and morphological alterations. In this context, BRAF mutations are found in about 10% of CRC patients and define a particular subtype, characterized by a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of less than 12 months. Chemotherapy plus bevacizumab is the current standard therapy in first-line treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic CRC (mCRC), with triplet (FOLFOXIRI) plus bevacizumab as a valid option in patients with a good performance status. BRAF inhibitors are not so effective as compared to melanoma, because of various resistance mechanisms. However, the recently published results of the BEACON trial will establish a new standard of care in this setting. This review provides insights into the molecular underpinnings underlying the resistance to standard treatment of BRAF-mutated CRCs, with a focus on their molecular heterogeneity and on the research perspectives both from a translational and a clinical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caputo
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Santini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Camilla Bardasi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Krisida Cerma
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Spallanzani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Kalliopi Andrikou
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, 20019 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
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Parolini C. A Compendium of the Biological Effects of Apolipoprotein A-IMilano. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:54-62. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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47
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Barman S, Srinivasan K. Ameliorative effect of zinc supplementation on compromised small intestinal health in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:37-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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48
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Common Core Bacterial Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer Based on Multiple Datasets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4824909. [PMID: 31321235 PMCID: PMC6607711 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4824909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that microorganisms may be associated with the onset and development of bladder cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify the common core bacteria associated with bladder cancer. We characterized the urinary microbial profile of the individuals with bladder cancer by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the results of 24 bladder cancer samples collected in our laboratory reveal 31 common core bacteria at genera level. In addition, the abundance of four common core bacteria is significantly higher in bladder cancer samples than in samples from nondiseased people analyzed by LEfSe, based on two previous datasets. In particular, the abundance of Acinetobacter is much higher in bladder cancer samples. It has been reported that Acinetobacter is involved not only in biofilm formation but also in the adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells, the spread of bacteria caused by the degradation of phospholipids in the mucosal barrier, and the escape of the host immune response. Thus, Acinetobacter may be related to bladder cancer and is a potential microbial marker of bladder cancer. However, due to the limited number of participants, further studies are needed to better understand the role of microorganisms in bladder cancer to provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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49
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The microbiota and microbiome in pancreatic cancer: more influential than expected. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:97. [PMID: 31109338 PMCID: PMC6526613 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is just beginning to be recognized as an important player in carcinogenesis and the interplay among microbes is greater than expected. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease for which mortality closely parallels incidence. Early detection would provide the best opportunity to increase survival rates. Specific well-studied oral, gastrointestinal, and intrapancreatic microbes and some kinds of hepatotropic viruses and bactibilia may have potential etiological roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis, or modulating individual responses to oncotherapy. Concrete mechanisms mainly involve perpetuating inflammation, regulating the immune system-microbe-tumor axis, affecting metabolism, and altering the tumor microenvironment. The revolutionary technology of omics has generated insight into cancer microbiomes. A better understanding of the microbiota in PDAC might lead to the establishment of screening or early-stage diagnosis methods, implementation of cancer bacteriotherapy, adjustment of therapeutic efficacy even alleviating the adverse effects, creating new opportunities and fostering hope for desperate PDAC patients.
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50
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Alnafakh RAA, Adishesh M, Button L, Saretzki G, Hapangama DK. Telomerase and Telomeres in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:344. [PMID: 31157162 PMCID: PMC6533802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres at the termini of human chromosomes are shortened with each round of cell division due to the “end replication problem” as well as oxidative stress. During carcinogenesis, cells acquire or retain mechanisms to maintain telomeres to avoid initiation of cellular senescence or apoptosis and halting cell division by critically short telomeres. The unique reverse transcriptase enzyme complex, telomerase, catalyzes the maintenance of telomeres but most human somatic cells do not have sufficient telomerase activity to prevent telomere shortening. Tissues with high and prolonged replicative potential demonstrate adequate cellular telomerase activity to prevent telomere erosion, and high telomerase activity appears to be a critical feature of most (80–90%) epithelial cancers, including endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancers regress in response to progesterone which is frequently used to treat advanced endometrial cancer. Endometrial telomerase is inhibited by progestogens and deciphering telomere and telomerase biology in endometrial cancer is therefore important, as targeting telomerase (a downstream target of progestogens) in endometrial cancer may provide novel and more effective therapeutic avenues. This review aims to examine the available evidence for the role and importance of telomere and telomerase biology in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafah A A Alnafakh
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Adishesh
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Button
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- The Ageing Biology Centre and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dharani K Hapangama
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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