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Chong ZX, Ho WY, Yeap SK. Tumour-regulatory role of long non-coding RNA HOXA-AS3. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 189:13-25. [PMID: 38593905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOXA-AS3 has been shown to contribute to the development of multiple cancer types. Several studies have presented the tumour-modulatory role or prognostic significance of this lncRNA in various kinds of cancer. Overall, HOXA-AS3 can act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that inhibits the activity of seven microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-29a-3p, miR-29 b-3p, miR-29c, miR-218-5p, miR-455-5p, miR-1286, and miR-4319. This relieves the downstream messenger RNA (mRNA) targets of these miRNAs from miRNA-mediated translational repression, allowing them to exert their effect in regulating cellular activities. Examples of the pathways regulated by lncRNA HOXA-AS3 and its associated downstream targets include the WNT/β-catenin and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activities. Besides, HOXA-AS3 can interact with other cellular proteins like homeobox HOXA3 and HOXA6, influencing the oncogenic signaling pathways associated with these proteins. Generally, HOXA-AS3 is overexpressed in most of the discussed human cancers, making this lncRNA a potential candidate to diagnose cancer or predict the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Hence, targeting HOXA-AS3 could be a new therapeutic approach to slowing cancer progression or as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. A drawback of using lncRNA HOXA-AS3 as a biomarker or therapeutic target is that most of the studies that have reported the tumour-regulatory roles of lncRNA HOXA-AS3 are single observational, in vitro, or in vivo studies. More in-depth mechanistic and large-scale clinical trials must be conducted to confirm the tumour-modulatory roles of lncRNA HOXA-AS3 further. Besides, no lncRNA HOXA-AS3 inhibitor has been tested preclinically and clinically, and designing such an inhibitor is crucial as it may potentially slow cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhang W, Huang RS. Computer-aided drug discovery strategies for novel therapeutics for prostate cancer leveraging next-generating sequencing data. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:841-853. [PMID: 38860709 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2365370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy and accounts for a significant proportion of cancer deaths among men. Although initial therapy success can often be observed in patients diagnosed with localized PC, many patients eventually develop disease recurrence and metastasis. Without effective treatments, patients with aggressive PC display very poor survival. To curb the current high mortality rate, many investigations have been carried out to identify efficacious therapeutics. Compared to de novo drug designs, computational methods have been widely employed to offer actionable drug predictions in a fast and cost-efficient way. Particularly, powered by an increasing availability of next-generation sequencing molecular profiles from PC patients, computer-aided approaches can be tailored to screen for candidate drugs. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the recent advances in computational methods for drug discovery utilizing molecular profiles from PC patients. Given the uniqueness in PC therapeutic needs, they discuss in detail the drug discovery goals of these studies, highlighting their translational values for clinically impactful drug nomination. EXPERT OPINION Evolving molecular profiling techniques may enable new perspectives for computer-aided approaches to offer drug candidates for different tumor microenvironments. With ongoing efforts to incorporate new compounds into large-scale high-throughput screens, the authors envision continued expansion of drug candidate pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Inoue T, Bao X, Kageyama T, Sugino Y, Sekito S, Miyachi S, Sasaki T, Getzenberg R. Purine-Rich Element Binding Protein Alpha, a Nuclear Matrix Protein, Has a Role in Prostate Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6911. [PMID: 39000020 PMCID: PMC11241608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors as well as leukemias and lymphomas show striking changes in nuclear structure including nuclear size and shape, the number and size of nucleoli, and chromatin texture. These alterations have been used in cancer diagnosis and might be related to the altered functional properties of cancer cells. The nuclear matrix (NM) represents the structural composition of the nucleus and consists of nuclear lamins and pore complexes, an internal ribonucleic protein network, and residual nucleoli. In the nuclear microenvironment, the NM is associated with multi-protein complexes, such as basal transcription factors, signaling proteins, histone-modifying factors, and chromatin remodeling machinery directly or indirectly through scaffolding proteins. Therefore, alterations in the composition of NM could result in altered DNA topology and changes in the interaction of various genes, which could then participate in a cascade of the cancer process. Using an androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, and its androgen-independent derivative, LN96, conventional 2D-proteomic analysis of the NM proteins revealed that purine-rich element binding protein alpha (PURα) was detected in the NM proteins and differentially expressed between the cell lines. In this article, we will review the potential role of the molecule in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-0001, Japan; (X.B.); (T.K.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Xin Bao
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-0001, Japan; (X.B.); (T.K.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Takumi Kageyama
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-0001, Japan; (X.B.); (T.K.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Yusuke Sugino
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-0001, Japan; (X.B.); (T.K.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Sho Sekito
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-0001, Japan; (X.B.); (T.K.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Shiori Miyachi
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-0001, Japan; (X.B.); (T.K.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-0001, Japan; (X.B.); (T.K.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Robert Getzenberg
- Dr. Kiran C Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
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Li X, Cui P, Zhao X, Liu Z, Qi Y, Liu B. Development and Validation of a Clinic Machine Learning Classifier for the Prediction of Risk Stratifications of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Progression to Castration Resistance. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:2821-2831. [PMID: 38919704 PMCID: PMC11198022 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s465031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the predictive factors and predictive model construction for the progression of prostate cancer bone metastasis to castration resistance. Methods Clinical data of 286 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer with bone metastasis, initially treated with endocrine therapy, and progressing to metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were collected. By comparing the differences in various factors between different groups with fast and slow occurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and COX multivariate risk proportional regression model were used to compare the differences in the time to progression to CRPC in different groups. The COX multivariate risk proportional regression model was used to evaluate the impact of candidate factors on the time to progression to CRPC and establish a predictive model. The accuracy of the model was then tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The median time for 286 mCRPC patients to progress to CRPC was 17 (9.5-28.0) months. Multivariate analysis showed that the lowest value of PSA (PSA nadir), the time when PSA dropped to its lowest value (timePSA), and the number of BM, and LDH were independent risk factors for rapid progression to CRPC. Based on the four independent risk factors mentioned above, a prediction model was established, with the optimal prediction model being a random forest with area under curve (AUC) of 0.946[95% CI: 0.901-0.991] and 0.927[95% CI: 0.864-0.990] in the training and validation cohort, respectively. Conclusion After endocrine therapy, the PSA nadir, timePSA, the number of BM, and LDH are the main risk factors for rapid progression to mCRPC in patients with prostate cancer bone metastases. Establishing a CRPC prediction model is helpful for early clinical intervention decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Urology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - XingXing Zhao
- Department of Urology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Urology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - YanXiang Qi
- Department of Urology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
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Alonso-Gordoa T, Goodman M, Vulsteke C, Roubaud G, Zhang J, Parikh M, Piulats JM, Azaro A, James GD, Cavazzina R, Gangl ET, Thompson J, Pouliot G, Kumar R, Sweeney C. A phase II study (AARDVARC) of AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab and cabazitaxel in patients with progressive, metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103446. [PMID: 38838502 PMCID: PMC11190476 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase II nonrandomized study evaluated the efficacy and safety of AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab (Arm A) or durvalumab plus cabazitaxel (Arm B) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with docetaxel and ≥1 novel hormonal agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS The primary endpoint was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) per RECIST v1.1 (soft tissue) or the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 (bone). Secondary endpoints included safety, tolerability, overall survival, confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA50) response, pharmacokinetics, and objective response rate. Enrollment in Arm A was stopped following a sponsor decision unrelated to safety. The study was stopped based on the planned futility analysis due to low PSA50 response in Arm B. RESULTS In the final analysis (1 November 2021), 30 patients were treated (Arm A, n = 2; Arm B, n = 28). The median rPFS in Arm B was 5.8 months (95% confidence interval 4.2-not calculable). Median rPFS was 5.8 months versus 4.2 months for patients with high versus low blood-based adenosine signature. The most common treatment-related adverse events in Arm B were nausea (50.0%), diarrhea (46.4%), anemia and neutropenia (both 35.7%), asthenia (32.1%), and vomiting (28.6%). Overall, AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab or AZD4635 in combination with cabazitaxel and durvalumab showed limited efficacy in patients with mCRPC. CONCLUSIONS Although the safety profile of both combinations was consistent with known safety data of the individual agents, the results of this trial do not support further development of the combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Goodman
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - C Vulsteke
- Integrated Cancer Center, Maria Middelares General Hospital, Ghent; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - J Zhang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa
| | - M Parikh
- Hematology/Oncology Clinic, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - J M Piulats
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Azaro
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge
| | - G D James
- Medical Statistics Consultancy Ltd, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - R Kumar
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg
| | - C Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
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Al Shareef Z, Hachim MY, Bouzid A, Talaat IM, Al-Rawi N, Hamoudi R, Hachim IY. The prognostic value of Dickkopf-3 (Dkk3), TGFB1 and ECM-1 in prostate cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1351888. [PMID: 38855324 PMCID: PMC11157039 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1351888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite advances in patient diagnosis, management, and risk stratification, 10%-20% of patients progress to castration-resistant disease. Our previous report highlighted a protective role of Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) in PCa stroma. This role was proposed to be mediated through opposing extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM-1) and TGF-β signalling activity. However, a detailed analysis of the prognostic value of DKK3, ECM-1 and members of the TGF-β signalling pathway in PCa was not thoroughly investigated. In this study, we explored the prognostic value of DKK3, ECM-1 and TGFB1 using a bioinformatical approach through analysis of large publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TGCA) and Pan-Cancer Atlas databases. Our results showed a significant gradual loss of DKK3 expression with PCa progression (p < 0.0001) associated with increased DNA methylation in its promoter region (p < 1.63E-12). In contrast, patients with metastatic lesions showed significantly higher levels of TGFB1 expression compared to primary tumours (p < 0.00001). Our results also showed a marginal association between more advanced tumour stage presented as positive lymph node involvement and low DKK3 mRNA expression (p = 0.082). However, while ECM1 showed no association with tumour stage (p = 0.773), high TGFB1 expression showed a significant association with more advanced stage presented as advanced T3 stage compared to patients with low TGFB1 mRNA expression (p < 0.001). Interestingly, while ECM1 showed no significant association with patient outcome, patients with high DKK3 mRNA expression showed a significant association with favourable outcomes presented as prolonged disease-specific (p = 0.0266), progression-free survival (p = 0.047) and disease-free (p = 0.05). In contrast, high TGFB1 mRNA expression showed a significant association with poor patient outcomes presented as shortened progression-free (p = 0.00032) and disease-free survival (p = 0.0433). Moreover, DKK3, TGFB1 and ECM1 have acted as immune-associated genes in the PCa tumour microenvironment. In conclusion, our findings showed a distinct prognostic value for this three-gene signature in PCa. While both DKK3 and TGFB1 showed a potential role as a clinical marker for PCa stratification, ECM1 showed no significant association with the majority of clinicopathological parameters, which reduce its clinical significance as a reliable prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Natheer Al-Rawi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Dyshlovoy SA, Mansour WY, Ramm NA, Hauschild J, Zhidkov ME, Kriegs M, Zielinski A, Hoffer K, Busenbender T, Glumakova KA, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS, Tilki D, Graefen M, Bokemeyer C, von Amsberg G. Synthesis and new DNA targeting activity of 6- and 7-tert-butylfascaplysins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11788. [PMID: 38783016 PMCID: PMC11116464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fascaplysin is a red cytotoxic pigment with anticancer properties isolated from the marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. Recently, structure-activity relationship analysis reported by our group suggested that selective cytotoxicity of fascaplysin derivatives towards tumor cells negatively correlates with their ability to intercalate into DNA. To validate this hypothesis, we synthesized 6- and 7-tert-butylfascaplysins which reveal mitigated DNA-intercalating properties. These derivatives were found to be strongly cytotoxic to drug-resistant human prostate cancer cells, albeit did not demonstrate improved selectivity towards cancer cells when compared to fascaplysin. At the same time, kinome analysis suggested an activation of CHK1/ATR axis in cancer cells shortly after the drug exposure. Further experiments revealed induction of replication stress that is eventually converted to the toxic DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death. Our observations highlight new DNA-targeting effect of some fascaplysin derivatives and indicate more complex structure-activity relationships within the fascaplysin family, suggesting that cytotoxicity and selectivity of these alkaloids are influenced by multiple factors. Furthermore, combination with clinically-approved inhibitors of ATR/CHK1 as well as testing in tumors particularly sensitive to the DNA damage should be considered in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Wael Y Mansour
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia A Ramm
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, 690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russian Federation
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maxim E Zhidkov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, 690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russian Federation
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zielinski
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Busenbender
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ksenia A Glumakova
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Derya Tilki
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Su MC, Lee AM, Zhang W, Maeser D, Gruener RF, Deng Y, Huang RS. Computational Modeling to Identify Drugs Targeting Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Characterized by Heightened Glycolysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:569. [PMID: 38794139 PMCID: PMC11124089 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a deadly disease due to a lack of efficacious treatments. The reprogramming of cancer metabolism toward elevated glycolysis is a hallmark of mCRPC. Our goal is to identify therapeutics specifically associated with high glycolysis. Here, we established a computational framework to identify new pharmacological agents for mCRPC with heightened glycolysis activity under a tumor microenvironment, followed by in vitro validation. First, using our established computational tool, OncoPredict, we imputed the likelihood of drug responses to approximately 1900 agents in each mCRPC tumor from two large clinical patient cohorts. We selected drugs with predicted sensitivity highly correlated with glycolysis scores. In total, 77 drugs predicted to be more sensitive in high glycolysis mCRPC tumors were identified. These drugs represent diverse mechanisms of action. Three of the candidates, ivermectin, CNF2024, and P276-00, were selected for subsequent vitro validation based on the highest measured drug responses associated with glycolysis/OXPHOS in pan-cancer cell lines. By decreasing the input glucose level in culture media to mimic the mCRPC tumor microenvironments, we induced a high-glycolysis condition in PC3 cells and validated the projected higher sensitivity of all three drugs under this condition (p < 0.0001 for all drugs). For biomarker discovery, ivermectin and P276-00 were predicted to be more sensitive to mCRPC tumors with low androgen receptor activities and high glycolysis activities (AR(low)Gly(high)). In addition, we integrated a protein-protein interaction network and topological methods to identify biomarkers for these drug candidates. EEF1B2 and CCNA2 were identified as key biomarkers for ivermectin and CNF2024, respectively, through multiple independent biomarker nomination pipelines. In conclusion, this study offers new efficacious therapeutics beyond traditional androgen-deprivation therapies by precisely targeting mCRPC with high glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Su
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Adam M. Lee
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (W.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Danielle Maeser
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (W.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Robert F. Gruener
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Yibin Deng
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - R. Stephanie Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (W.Z.); (D.M.)
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Vellky JE, Kirkpatrick BJ, Gutgesell LC, Morales M, Brown RM, Wu Y, Maienschein-Cline M, Notardonato LD, Weinfeld MS, Nguyen RH, Brister E, Sverdlov M, Liu L, Xu Z, Kregel S, Nonn L, Vander Griend DJ, Reizine NM. ERBB3 Overexpression is Enriched in Diverse Patient Populations with Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer and is Associated with a Unique AR Activity Signature. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1530-1543. [PMID: 38306015 PMCID: PMC11016893 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite successful clinical management of castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC), the 5-year survival rate for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer is only 32%. Combination treatment strategies to prevent disease recurrence are increasing, albeit in biomarker-unselected patients. Identifying a biomarker in CSPC to stratify patients who will progress on standard-of-care therapy could guide therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Targeted deep sequencing was performed for the University of Illinois (UI) cohort (n = 30), and immunostaining was performed on a patient tissue microarray (n = 149). Bioinformatic analyses identified pathways associated with biomarker overexpression (OE) in the UI cohort, consolidated RNA sequencing samples accessed from Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (n = 664), and GSE209954 (n = 68). Neutralizing antibody patritumab and ectopic HER3 OE were utilized for functional mechanistic experiments. RESULTS We identified ERBB3 OE in diverse patient populations with CSPC, where it was associated with advanced disease at diagnosis. Bioinformatic analyses showed a positive correlation between ERBB3 expression and the androgen response pathway despite low dihydrotestosterone and stable expression of androgen receptor (AR) transcript in Black/African American men. At the protein level, HER3 expression was negatively correlated with intraprostatic androgen in Black/African American men. Mechanistically, HER3 promoted enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cell line models and HER3-targeted therapy resensitized therapy-resistant prostate cancer cell lines to enzalutamide. CONCLUSIONS In diverse patient populations with CSPC, ERBB3 OE was associated with high AR signaling despite low intraprostatic androgen. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a direct link between HER3 and enzalutamide resistance. ERBB3 OE as a biomarker could thus stratify patients for intensification of therapy in castration-sensitive disease, including targeting HER3 directly to improve sensitivity to AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Vellky
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Lisa C. Gutgesell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mathias Morales
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan M. Brown
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yaqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lucia D. Notardonato
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael S. Weinfeld
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan H. Nguyen
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eileen Brister
- Research Tissue Imaging Core, Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Research Histology Core, Research Resource Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li Liu
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ziqiao Xu
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald J. Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalie M. Reizine
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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10
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de Kouchkovsky I, Chan E, Schloss C, Poehlein C, Aggarwal R. Diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Prostate 2024; 84:426-440. [PMID: 38173302 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most patients with prostate cancer (PC) respond to initial androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), castration-resistant disease invariably develops. Progression to treatment-emergent neuroendocrine PC (t-NEPC) represents a unique mechanism of resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy in which lineage plasticity and neuroendocrine differentiation induce a phenotypic switch from an AR-driven adenocarcinoma to an AR-independent NEPC. t-NEPC is characterized by an aggressive clinical course, increased resistance to AR-targeted therapies, and a poor overall prognosis. METHODS This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of NEPC, with a focus on the unmet needs, diagnosis, and clinical management of t-NEPC. RESULTS Evidence extrapolated from the literature on small cell lung cancer or data from metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) cohorts enriched for t-NEPC suggests an increased sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, optimal strategies for managing t-NEPC have not been established, and prospective clinical trial data are limited. Intertumoral heterogeneity within a given patient, as well as the lack of robust molecular or clinical biomarkers for early detection, often lead to delays in diagnosis and prolonged treatment with suboptimal strategies (i.e., conventional chemohormonal therapies for mCRPC), which may further contribute to poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Recent advances in genomic and molecular classification of NEPC and the development of novel biomarkers may facilitate an early diagnosis, help to identify promising therapeutic targets, and improve the selection of patients most likely to benefit from NEPC-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan de Kouchkovsky
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Chan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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11
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Orlovskiy S, Gupta PK, Roman J, Arias-Mendoza F, Nelson DS, Koch CJ, Narayan V, Putt ME, Nath K. Lonidamine Induced Selective Acidification and De-Energization of Prostate Cancer Xenografts: Enhanced Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1384. [PMID: 38611062 PMCID: PMC11010960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multi-focal disease that can be treated using surgery, radiation, androgen deprivation, and chemotherapy, depending on its presentation. Standard dose-escalated radiation therapy (RT) in the range of 70-80 Gray (GY) is a standard treatment option for prostate cancer. It could be used at different phases of the disease (e.g., as the only primary treatment when the cancer is confined to the prostate gland, combined with other therapies, or as an adjuvant treatment after surgery). Unfortunately, RT for prostate cancer is associated with gastro-intestinal and genitourinary toxicity. We have previously reported that the metabolic modulator lonidamine (LND) produces cancer sensitization through tumor acidification and de-energization in diverse neoplasms. We hypothesized that LND could allow lower RT doses by producing the same effect in prostate cancer, thus reducing the detrimental side effects associated with RT. Using the Seahorse XFe96 and YSI 2300 Stat Plus analyzers, we corroborated the expected LND-induced intracellular acidification and de-energization of isolated human prostate cancer cells using the PC3 cell line. These results were substantiated by non-invasive 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), studying PC3 prostate cancer xenografts treated with LND (100 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, we found that LND significantly increased tumor lactate levels in the xenografts using 1H MRS non-invasively. Subsequently, LND was combined with radiation therapy in a growth delay experiment, where we found that 150 µM LND followed by 4 GY RT produced a significant growth delay in PC3 prostate cancer xenografts, compared to either control, LND, or RT alone. We conclude that the metabolic modulator LND radio-sensitizes experimental prostate cancer models, allowing the use of lower radiation doses and diminishing the potential side effects of RT. These results suggest the possible clinical translation of LND as a radio-sensitizer in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Orlovskiy
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.O.); (P.K.G.); (J.R.); (F.A.-M.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.O.); (P.K.G.); (J.R.); (F.A.-M.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Jeffrey Roman
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.O.); (P.K.G.); (J.R.); (F.A.-M.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Fernando Arias-Mendoza
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.O.); (P.K.G.); (J.R.); (F.A.-M.); (D.S.N.)
- Advanced Imaging Research, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - David S. Nelson
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.O.); (P.K.G.); (J.R.); (F.A.-M.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Cameron J. Koch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Mary E. Putt
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.O.); (P.K.G.); (J.R.); (F.A.-M.); (D.S.N.)
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12
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Liu Q, Zhou H, Wang Y, Gui J, Yang D, Sun J, Ge D, Wu S, Liu Q, Zhu L, Mi Y. H3K27 acetylation activated-PDLIM7 promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer progression by inducing O-Glycosylation of YAP1 protein. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101830. [PMID: 38056280 PMCID: PMC10714362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal disease that evolves from prostate cancer due to drug resistance after long-term androgen deprivation therapy. In this study, we aimed to find novel molecular targets for treating CRPC. Through peptidome, we screened out polypeptides dysregulated in the serum of CRPC patients. According to RT-qPCR analysis and cell viability detection, we chose PDZ and LIM Domain 7 (PDLIM7) as the research object. As demonstrated by loss-of-function assays, silencing of PDLIM7 could suppress CRPC cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Moreover, PDLIM7 knockdown enhanced the sensitivity of CRPC cells to docetaxel treatment. Subsequently, we found that CBP/p300 increases the H3K27ac level in the PDLIM7 promoter to activate PDLIM7. Mechanism experiments such as IP and western blot revealed that PDLIM7 interacted with YAP1 to induce O-Glycosylation of YAP1 and thus stabilize YAP1 protein. Rescue assays demonstrated that PDLIM7 promoted the malignant processes of CRPC cells through YAP1. Finally, an animal study validated that PDLIM7 aggravated tumor growth. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the oncogenic role of PDLIM7 upregulated by CBP/p300-induced H3K27ac enhancement in CRPC by stabilizing YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Health and Wellness, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi, China
| | - Hangsheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiandong Gui
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dongsheng Ge
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Health and Wellness, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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13
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Shiner A, Sperandio RC, Naimi M, Emmenegger U. Prostate Cancer Liver Metastasis: An Ominous Metastatic Site in Need of Distinct Management Strategies. J Clin Med 2024; 13:734. [PMID: 38337427 PMCID: PMC10856097 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer liver metastasis (PCLM), seen in upwards of 25% of metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) patients, is the most lethal site of mCRPC with a median overall survival of 10-14 months. Despite its ominous prognosis and anticipated rise in incidence due to longer survival with contemporary therapy, PCLM is understudied. This review aims to summarize the existing literature regarding the risk factors associated with the development of PCLM, and to identify areas warranting further research. A literature search was conducted through Ovid MEDLINE from 2000 to March 2023. Relevant subject headings and text words were used to capture the following concepts: "Prostatic Neoplasms", "Liver Neoplasms", and "Neoplasm Metastasis". Citation searching identified additional manuscripts. Forty-one studies were retained for detailed analysis. The clinical risk factors for visceral/liver metastasis included <70 years, ≥T3 tumor, N1 nodal stage, de novo metastasis, PSA >20 ng/mL, and a Gleason score >8. Additional risk factors comprised elevated serum AST, LDH or ALP, decreased Hb, genetic markers like RB1 and PTEN loss, PIK3CB and MYC amplification, as well as numerous PC treatments either acting directly or indirectly through inducing liver injury. Further research regarding predictive factors, early detection strategies, and targeted therapies for PCLM are critical for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Shiner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rubens Copia Sperandio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mahdi Naimi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Urban Emmenegger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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14
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Khan Q, Myers B, Bowar B, Khan M, Mullaney H, Gainey J, Schneider R, Dahmoush L, Nepple KG, Byrne JD. Case report: Robotically visualized and biopsy-confirmed peritoneal carcinomatosis as initial identification of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma in a patient with a history of prostatic urethral lift. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1284688. [PMID: 38313211 PMCID: PMC10834618 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1284688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a particularly rare presentation of prostate cancer. Here we report a rare clinical case of surgically identified peritoneal carcinomatosis at the time of a planned robotic prostatectomy in a patient with a history of prostatic urethral lift procedure. Case presentation A 72-year-old man, with a history of urinary retention managed with tamsulosin, presented to his local urologist. Prostatic urethral lift procedures were performed for symptom management. After a definitive uptrend in his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values, a biopsy was obtained, which demonstrated prostate adenocarcinoma. On presurgical multidisciplinary review, it was presumed that he had very high-risk localized prostate cancer. However, upon initiation of robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP), he was noted to have numerous punctate white plaques on the peritoneum; biopsy of these lesions confirmed metastatic disease-for which the patient was starting on triple therapy per the PEACE-1 trial. The PSA level responded appropriately, decreasing from 16.8 to 0.08. Genetic testing was performed and returned negative for any clinically significant mutations. Conclusion Our patient, diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis during a planned RALP, highlights the importance of vigilant laparoscopic exam prior to this prostatectomy. Multidisciplinary discussion is crucial for individualized and optimal treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qateeb Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Bryn Myers
- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Breann Bowar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Maryam Khan
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Henry Mullaney
- Basic Biomedical Sciences Program, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Jordan Gainey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Robert Schneider
- Department of Hospital Dentistry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Laila Dahmoush
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kenneth G. Nepple
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - James D. Byrne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
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15
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Lee CJ, Yoon H. Metabolic Adaptation and Cellular Stress Response As Targets for Cancer Therapy. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:62-70. [PMID: 38171377 PMCID: PMC10782118 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, which divide indefinitely and without control, are frequently exposed to various stress factors but manage to adapt and survive. The mechanisms by which cancer cells maintain cellular homeostasis and exploit stress conditions are not yet clear. Here, we elucidate the roles of diverse cellular metabolism and its regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the essential role of metabolism in cellular composition and signal transduction. Cells respond to various stresses, including DNA damage, energy stress, and oxidative stress, thereby causing metabolic alteration. We provide profound insight into the adaptive mechanisms employed by cancer cells to ensure their survival among internal and external stressors through a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between metabolic alterations and cellular stress. Furthermore, this research establishes a robust framework for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies that specifically target the cellular adaptations of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea.
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16
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Matos AC, Lorigo J, Marques IA, Abrantes AM, Jóia-Gomes M, Sa-Couto P, Gonçalves AC, Valentim A, Tavares-Silva E, Figueiredo A, Pires AS, Botelho MF. Anti-Algics in the Therapeutic Response of Breast and Urological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:468. [PMID: 38203640 PMCID: PMC10778606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of anti-algics on tumor progression and the overall survival of patients is controversial and remains unclear. Herein, we disclose the in vitro effects of the local anesthetics lidocaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine on breast (MCF7), prostate (PC3, LNCaP), and bladder (TCCSUP, HT1376) cancer cell lines, both as monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care therapeutics. Assays for cell proliferation, viability, death profile, and migration were performed. Additionally, we explored the clinical outcomes of opioid use through a cross-sectional study involving 200 metastatic prostate cancer patients. The main clinical data collected included the type of opioid therapy administered, dosage, treatment duration, disease progression, and overall survival. Results obtained demonstrate that treatment with local anesthetics has a promising selective anti-tumor effect on these types of cancer, with higher effects when associated with docetaxel. This points out the use of local anesthetics as an added value in the treatment of prostate carcinoma patients. Alternatively, chronic opioid use was correlated with reduced overall survival (p < 0.05) and progression-free survival (p < 0.05) at each treatment line in the observational study. While these results provide valuable insights, larger prospective studies are imperative to comprehensively evaluate the clinical impact of opioid analgesics in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Matos
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (I.A.M.); (A.M.A.); (E.T.-S.); (A.F.); (M.F.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - João Lorigo
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Inês Alexandra Marques
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (I.A.M.); (A.M.A.); (E.T.-S.); (A.F.); (M.F.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (I.A.M.); (A.M.A.); (E.T.-S.); (A.F.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Matilde Jóia-Gomes
- Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Sa-Couto
- Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Valentim
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Anaesthesiology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edgar Tavares-Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (I.A.M.); (A.M.A.); (E.T.-S.); (A.F.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Arnaldo Figueiredo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (I.A.M.); (A.M.A.); (E.T.-S.); (A.F.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (I.A.M.); (A.M.A.); (E.T.-S.); (A.F.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (I.A.M.); (A.M.A.); (E.T.-S.); (A.F.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal;
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17
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Stangis MM, Colah AN, McLean DT, Halberg RB, Collier LS, Ricke WA. Potential roles of FGF5 as a candidate therapeutic target in prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:452-466. [PMID: 38148937 PMCID: PMC10749387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a secreted ligand that is widely expressed in embryonic tissues but its expression decreases with age. In the developing prostate, FGF5 has been proposed to interact with the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway to guide mitogenic processes. In the adult prostate, the FGF/FGFR signaling axis has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but focused studies on FGF5 functions in the prostate are limited. Functional studies completed in other cancer models point towards FGF5 overexpression as an oncogenic driver associated with stemness, metastatic potential, proliferative capacity, and increased tumor grade. In this review, we explore the significance of FGF5 as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa) and other malignancies; and we introduce a potential route of investigation to link FGF5 to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PCa and BPH are two primary contributors to the disease burden of the aging male population and have severe implications on quality of life, psychological wellbeing, and survival. The development of new FGF5 inhibitors could potentially alleviate the health burden of PCa and BPH in the aging male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Stangis
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, USA
| | - Avan N Colah
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Dalton T McLean
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Richard B Halberg
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Lara S Collier
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
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18
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Campanelli G, Deabel RA, Puaar A, Devarakonda LS, Parupathi P, Zhang J, Waxner N, Yang C, Kumar A, Levenson AS. Molecular Efficacy of Gnetin C as Dual-Targeted Therapy for Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300479. [PMID: 37863824 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Resistance of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to enzalutamide (Enz) involves the expression of constitutively active androgen receptor splice variant (AR-V7). In addition to altered AR pathways, CRPC is characterized by "non-AR-driven" signaling, which includes an overexpression of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1). Combining natural compounds with anticancer drugs may enhance drug effectiveness while reducing adverse effects. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of Gnetin C (GnC) alone and in combination with Enz against CRPC are examined. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of GnC alone and in combination with Enz are assessed by cell viability, clonogenic survival, cell migration, and AR and MTA1 expression using 22Rv1 cells. The tumor growth in vivo is assessed by bioluminescent imaging, western blots, RT-PCR, and IHC. GnC alone and in combined treatment inhibit cell viability, clonogenic survival and migration, and AR and MTA1 expression in 22Rv1 cells. The underlying AR- and MTA1-targeted anticancer mechanisms of treatments in vivo involve inhibition of proliferation and angiogenesis, and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that GnC alone and GnC combined with Enz effectively inhibits AR- and MTA1-promoted tumor-progression in advanced CRPC, which indicates its potential as a novel therapeutic approach for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Campanelli
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rabab Al Deabel
- School of Health Professions and Nursing, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Anand Puaar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Prashanth Parupathi
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Noah Waxner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Ching Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Anait S Levenson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
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19
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Habbit NL, Anbiah B, Suresh J, Anderson L, Davies ML, Hassani I, Ghosh TM, Greene MW, Prabhakarpandian B, Arnold RD, Lipke EA. Ratiometric Inclusion of Fibroblasts Promotes Both Castration-Resistant and Androgen-Dependent Tumorigenic Progression in Engineered Prostate Cancer Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301139. [PMID: 37450342 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the ratiometric role of fibroblasts in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, this work establishes a matrix-inclusive, 3D engineered prostate cancer tissue (EPCaT) model that enables direct coculture of neuroendocrine-variant castration-resistant (CPRC-ne) or androgen-dependent (ADPC) PCa cells with tumor-supporting stromal cell types. Results show that the inclusion of fibroblasts within CRPC-ne and ADPC EPCaTs drives PCa aggression through significant matrix remodeling and increased proliferative cell populations. Interestingly, this is observed to a much greater degree in EPCaTs formed with a small number of fibroblasts relative to the number of PCa cells. Fibroblast coculture also results in ADPC behavior more similar to the aggressive CRPC-ne condition, suggesting fibroblasts play a role in elevating PCa disease state and may contribute to the ADPC to CRPC-ne switch. Bulk transcriptomic analyses additionally elucidate fibroblast-driven enrichment of hallmark gene sets associated with tumorigenic progression. Finally, the EPCaT model clinical relevancy is probed through a comparison to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PCa patient cohort; notably, similar gene set enrichment is observed between EPCaT models and the patient primary tumor transcriptome. Taken together, study results demonstrate the potential of the EPCaT model to serve as a PCa-mimetic tool in future therapeutic development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Habbit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin Anbiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Joshita Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Luke Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Megan L Davies
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Iman Hassani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Taraswi M Ghosh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 So. Donahue Dr., Pharmaceutical Research Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, 210 Spidle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 So. Donahue Dr., Pharmaceutical Research Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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20
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Feng K, Liu C, Wang W, Kong P, Tao Z, Liu W. Emerging proteins involved in castration‑resistant prostate cancer via the AR‑dependent and AR‑independent pathways (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:127. [PMID: 37732538 PMCID: PMC10609492 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite achieving optimal initial responses to androgen deprivation therapy, most patients with prostate cancer eventually progress to a poor prognosis state known as castration‑resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently, there is a notable absence of reliable early warning biomarkers and effective treatment strategies for these patients. Although androgen receptor (AR)‑independent pathways have been discovered and acknowledged in recent years, the AR signaling pathway continues to play a pivotal role in the progression of CRPC. The present review focuses on newly identified proteins within human CRPC tissues. These proteins encompass both those involved in AR‑dependent and AR‑independent pathways. Specifically, the present review provides an in‑depth summary and analysis of the emerging proteins within AR bypass pathways. Furthermore, the significance of these proteins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating CRPC is discussed. Therefore, the present review offers valuable theoretical insights and clinical perspectives to comprehensively enhance the understanding of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Feng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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21
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Khan MA, Singh D, Jameel M, Maurya SK, Singh S, Akhtar K, Siddique HR. Lupeol, an androgen receptor inhibitor, enhances the chemosensitivity of prostate cancer stem cells to antiandrogen enzalutamide-based therapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 478:116699. [PMID: 37777120 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer (CaP). However, due to the potential toxicity and development of resistance associated with Enzalutamide-based therapy, there is a need to explore additional compounds that can enhance its therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing toxicity. Lupeol is a pharmacologically active triterpene having anticancer effects. The objective of this study was to explore Lupeol's potential in enhancing the chemosensitivity of chemoresistant CaP cells to Enzalutamide in vitro and in a mouse model. To test our hypothesis, we performed cell viability and luciferase reporter gene assay, flow cytometry, animal studies, and histopathological analysis. Finally, we analyzed the change in selective metabolites in the prostate tissue by LCMS. Results demonstrated that a combination of Lupeol and Enzalutamide could better (i) suppress the Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) and chemoresistant cells (PTEN-CaP8 and PC3) viability and migration, (ii) increase cell cycle arrest, (iii) inhibit the transcriptional activity of AR, c-MYC, c-FLIP, and TCF (iv) inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model (v) protect Enzalutamide-induced adverse effects in prostate glands and gut tissue (vi) decrease levels of testosterone and methionine metabolites. In conclusion, Lupeol enhances the pharmacological efficacy of Enzalutamide and reduces the adverse effects. Thus, Lupeol could be a promising adjuvant for improving Enzalutamide-based treatment outcomes and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afsar Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Jameel
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Santosh K Maurya
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, JNMC, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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22
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Satapathy S, Mittal BR, Sood A, Das CK, Mavuduru RS, Goyal S, Shukla J, Singh SK. [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Versus Docetaxel in Chemotherapy-Naïve Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Final Survival Analysis of a Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1726-1729. [PMID: 37709534 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitor [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 has been previously demonstrated to be noninferior to docetaxel in achieving a biochemical response in chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Here, we report the final analysis of overall survival (OS) for a phase 2 randomized, controlled trial. Methods: Forty chemotherapy-naïve, PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients were randomly assigned to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (n = 20) or docetaxel (n = 20). Thirty-five patients received treatment per the protocol. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox regression model. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 33.4 mo. In intention-to-treat analysis, the median OS for the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and docetaxel arms was 15.0 mo (95% CI, 9.5-20.5 mo) and 15.0 mo (95% CI, 8.1-21.9 mo), respectively (P = 0.905). In per-protocol analysis, the median OS was 19.0 mo (95% CI, 12.3-25.7 mo) versus 15.0 mo (95% CI, 8.1-21.9 mo), respectively (P = 0.712). No significant difference in OS was observed between the 2 arms across the analyzed subgroups. Conclusion: Long-term outcomes with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 administered earlier in the prechemotherapy setting are comparable to those with docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayamjeet Satapathy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India;
| | - Ashwani Sood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandan Krushna Das
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shikha Goyal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; and
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23
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Tang L, Shao H, Wu Y, Wang J, Qian X, He L, Huang H, Xu Z. Dominant negative TGFβ receptor II and truncated TIM3 enhance the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T-cell therapy in prostate cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110807. [PMID: 37690238 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune checkpoint molecules, Transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFβRII) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3), have been identified as contributors to T cell immune suppression in prostate cancer. The objective of this investigation was to improve the tumor killing capability of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells by targeting TIM3 and TGFβRII simultaneously. METHODS To generate dnTGFβRII-trTIM3-PSMA-CAR-T (DT-PSMA-CAR-T) cells, the surface of PSMA-CAR-T cells was overexpressed with dominant negative TGFβRII (dnTGFβRII) and truncated extracellular TIM3 (trTIM3). The efficacy of DT-PSMA-CAR-T cells was assessed through in vitro killing experiments and animal experiments. RESULTS The DT-PSMA-CAR-T cells demonstrated the ability to eradicate PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells, even in the presence of exogenous TGF-β and/or TIM3 activating antibodies. In addition, the cells demonstrated the ability to eliminate tumor tissue in an immunodeficient mouse model transplanted with GAL9-PSMA-PC3 cells in vitro, prolonging survival without significant toxic side effects. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes that upregulating dnTGFβRII and trTIM3 on the surface of T cells can potentially diminish the inhibitory effects of TGFβRII and TIM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Shao
- Department of Center of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Center of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Department of Center of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lianjun He
- Department of Center of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Center of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China.
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24
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Wu Y, Mou J, Liu Y, Zheng W. Association of LncRNA PCBP1-AS1 with cancer occurrence and development: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35631. [PMID: 37904442 PMCID: PMC10615425 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-stranded noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs >200 nucleotides in length. Polycytidine binding protein 1 antisense LncRNA is abbreviated as LncRNA polycytosine binding protein 1 antisense1 (PCBP1-AS1). Since studies in recent years have revealed the importance of PCBP1-AS1 in human genetic analysis, it is an important member of the LncRNA family. Genetically engineered group analysis of PCBP1-AS1 regulates the progression of cancer in biology. Therefore, it may be an important RNA in the regulation of human cancer. This article summarizes the molecular mechanism and clinical role of PCBP1-AS1 in various tumor types. Taking "PCBP1-AS1" and "cancer" as keywords, this paper analyzed the relationship between PCBP1-AS1 and various tumors by searching PubMed and Geen Medical, and summarized the related regulatory mechanism of PCBP1-AS1. PCBP1-AS1 is a valuable tumor-associated LncRNA that plays different biological roles in different cancers. Overall, it can both promote and inhibit the development of cancer. For example, abnormally high expression in castration-resitant prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, glioma, and colorectal cancer promotes the proliferation and progression of these cancers; in contrast, PCBP1-AS1 inhibits cancer proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and recurrence when highly expressed in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. PCBP1-AS1 regulates the development of multiple tumors, and the specific mechanism needs to be further investigated, which may become a new tumor marker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First college of China Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First college of China Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First college of China Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Wenfei Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First college of China Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
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25
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Mora-Rodríguez JM, Sánchez BG, Sebastián-Martín A, Díaz-Yuste A, Sánchez-Chapado M, Palacín AM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Bort A, Díaz-Laviada I. Resistance to 2-Hydroxy-Flutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Associated with the Downregulation of Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis and Epigenetic Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15626. [PMID: 37958610 PMCID: PMC10650717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the metabolic adaptations of a chemoresistant prostate cancer cell line in comparison to a sensitive cell line. We utilized prostate cancer LNCaP cells and subjected them to a stepwise increase in the antiandrogen 2-hydroxy-flutamide (FLU) concentration to generate a FLU-resistant cell line (LN-FLU). These LN-FLU cells displayed characteristics of cancer stem cells, exhibited drug resistance, and showed a significantly reduced expression of Cyclin D1, along with the overexpression of p16, pointing to a proliferation arrest. In comparing the cancer stem-like LN-FLU cells to the LNCaP cells, we observed a decrease in the expression of CTP-choline cytidylyl transferase α (CCTα), as well as a decline in choline kinase, suggesting altogether a downregulation of the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway. In addition, we found decreased levels of the protein methyl transferase PRMT2 and the upregulation of the histone deacetylase Sirtuin1 (Sirt1). Analysis of the human prostate cancer samples revealed similar results in a population with high expressions of the stem cell markers Oct4 and ABCB1A1. Our findings suggest that the adaptation of prostate cancer cells to antiandrogens could induce reprogramming into stem cells that survive in a low phosphocholine metabolism and cell cycle arrest and display drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Mora-Rodríguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Belén G. Sánchez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alba Sebastián-Martín
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alba Díaz-Yuste
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Chapado
- Department of Urology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (A.M.P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Ana María Palacín
- Department of Urology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (A.M.P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Urology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (A.M.P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Alicia Bort
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
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26
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Silver SV, Popovics P. The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 38001899 PMCID: PMC10669591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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27
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Camilo V, Pacheco MB, Moreira-Silva F, Outeiro-Pinho G, Gaspar VM, Mano JF, Marques CJ, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Novel Insights on the Role of Epigenetics in Androgen Receptor's Expression in Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1526. [PMID: 37892208 PMCID: PMC10605369 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgens/androgen receptor (AR) axis is the main therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). However, while initially responsive, a subset of tumors loses AR expression through mechanisms putatively associated with epigenetic modifications. In this study, we assessed the link between the presence of CpG methylation in the 5'UTR and promoter regions of AR and loss of AR expression. Hence, we characterized and compared the methylation signature at CpG resolution of these regulatory regions in vitro, both at basal levels and following treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC) alone, or in combination with Trichostatin A (TSA). Our results showed heterogeneity in the methylation signature of AR negative cell lines and pinpointed the proximal promoter region as the most consistently methylated site in DU-145. Furthermore, this region was extremely resistant to the demethylating effects of DAC and was only significantly demethylated upon concomitant treatment with TSA. Nevertheless, no AR re-expression was detected at the mRNA or protein level. Importantly, after treatment, there was a significant increase in repressive histone marks at AR region 1 in DU-145 cells. Altogether, our data indicate that AR region 1 genomic availability is crucial for AR expression and that the inhibition of histone methyltransferases might hold promise for AR re-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Camilo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (M.B.P.); (F.M.-S.); (G.O.-P.); (R.H.)
| | - Mariana Brütt Pacheco
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (M.B.P.); (F.M.-S.); (G.O.-P.); (R.H.)
| | - Filipa Moreira-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (M.B.P.); (F.M.-S.); (G.O.-P.); (R.H.)
| | - Gonçalo Outeiro-Pinho
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (M.B.P.); (F.M.-S.); (G.O.-P.); (R.H.)
| | - Vítor M. Gaspar
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (V.M.G.)
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (V.M.G.)
| | - C. Joana Marques
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (M.B.P.); (F.M.-S.); (G.O.-P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (M.B.P.); (F.M.-S.); (G.O.-P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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28
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Huang J, Liu D, Li J, Xu J, Dong S, Zhang H. A 12-gene panel in estimating hormone-treatment responses of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients generated using a combined analysis of bulk and single-cell sequencing data. Ann Med 2023; 55:2260387. [PMID: 37729607 PMCID: PMC10512812 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2260387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) represents one type of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) with a median survival time of 1-2 years. Currently, there is a lack of reliable gene panels in predicting hormone treatment (HT) responses due to limited knowledge of CRPC-specific tumor-microenvironment (TME) characteristics. METHODS In this study, we first screened for up-regulated genes in CRPC samples using bulk-sequencing data retrieved from TCGA online database, and further investigated the expression status of these genes in four sets of downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data: GSE117403 containing 16 normal human prostate samples; GSE141445 containing 13 PCa samples; GSE176031 containing 11 PCa samples and GSE137829 containing 6 CRPC samples. RESULTS We identified a series of CRPC-specific TME characteristics including an enriched number of PEG10+ neuroendocrine cells, elevated expression of PPIB/CCDC74A/GAPDH/AR genes in tumor cells, increased expression of FAP/TGFB1 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suppressed immune environment featured by enhanced M2 macrophage polarization, T cell exhaustion and increased number of regulatory B cells. We further established a 12-gene panel using these characteristics and showed that this panel could separate CRPC samples from PCa samples (AUC of 0.78), and CRPC patients with higher panel scores tended to have treatment failure or progression (R = -0.47, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Based on these unique TME characteristics of CRPC, we established a prediction tool for estimating the duration of HT responses in PCa treatment. Our results suggest mechanisms by which prostate cancer becomes castrate resistant. Further study of PEG10 (and/or others) to evaluate therapeutic efficacy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanlan Huang
- Department of Health Management, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dale Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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29
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Wu T, Zhang Y, Han Q, Lu X, Cheng Y, Chen J, Sha J, Xia W. Klotho-beta attenuates Rab8a-mediated exosome regulation and promotes prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 2023; 42:2801-2815. [PMID: 37582861 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-secreted exosomes have a wide range of effects on the growth, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. However, whether and how the molecular mechanisms that regulate the secretion of exosomes could affect tumor progression remains poorly understood. Klotho beta (KLB) has been reported dysregulated in prostate cancer, but its function remains unknown. Herein, we first determined that KLB was upregulated in prostate cancer and its expression level was positively correlated with prostate cancer malignant phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, KLB overexpression could impair the release of exosomes and cause the intracellular accumulation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, KLB attenuated exosomes secretion through a Rab8a-dependent pathway. Rab8a was downregulated in KLB overexpressing cells whereas overexpression of Rab8a could rescue the impaired release of exosomes and attenuate the KLB-induced malignant phenotype of prostate cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study has unveiled the tumor-promoting role of KLB mediated by its regulation on exosomes secretion through a Rab8a-dependent mechanism. These findings could be exploited to develop novel theranostic targets for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Sha
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Ferraz RS, Cavalcante JVF, Magalhães L, Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos Â, Dalmolin RJS. Revealing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer master regulator through lncRNAs-centered regulatory network. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19279-19290. [PMID: 37644825 PMCID: PMC10557827 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive form of cancer unresponsive to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that spreads quickly to other organs. Despite reduced androgen levels after ADT, mCRPC development and lethality continues to be conducted by the androgen receptor (AR) axis. The maintenance of AR signaling in mCRPC is a result of AR alterations, androgen intratumoral production, and the action of regulatory elements, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are key elements in cancer signaling, acting in tumor growth, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor progression. In prostate cancer (PCa), the ncRNAs have been reported to be associated with AR expression, PCa proliferation, and castration resistance. In this study, we aimed to reconstruct the lncRNA-centered regulatory network of mCRPC and identify the lncRNAs which act as master regulators (MRs). METHODS We used publicly available RNA-sequencing to infer the regulatory network of lncRNAs in mCRPC. Five gene signatures were employed to conduct the master regulator analysis. Inferred MRs were then subjected to functional enrichment and symbolic regression modeling. The latter approach was applied to identify the lncRNAs with greater predictive capacity and potential as a biomarker in mCRPC. RESULTS We identified 31 lncRNAs involved in cellular proliferation, tumor metabolism, and invasion-metastasis cascade. SNHG18 and HELLPAR were the highlights of our results. SNHG18 was downregulated in mCRPC and enriched to metastasis signatures. It accurately distinguished both mCRPC and primary CRPC from normal tissue and was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell-matrix adhesion pathways. HELLPAR consistently distinguished mCRPC from primary CRPC and normal tissue using only its expression. CONCLUSION Our results contribute to understanding the regulatory behavior of lncRNAs in mCRPC and indicate SNHG18 and HELLPAR as master regulators and potential new diagnostic targets in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Sousa Ferraz
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of ParaBelemBrazil
| | | | - Leandro Magalhães
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of ParaBelemBrazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of ParaBelemBrazil
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31
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Yu Y, Papukashvili D, Ren R, Rcheulishvili N, Feng S, Bai W, Zhang H, Xi Y, Lu X, Xing N. siRNA-based approaches for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2055-2073. [PMID: 37823367 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method for metastatic prostate cancer through lowering androgen levels; however, this therapy frequently leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This is attributed to the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Current treatments targeting AR are often ineffective mostly due to AR gene overexpression and mutations, as well as the presence of splice variants that accelerate CRPC progression. Thus there is a critical need for more specific medication to treat CRPC. Small interfering RNAs have shown great potential as a targeted therapy. This review discusses prostate cancer progression and the role of AR signaling in CRPC, and proposes siRNA-based targeted therapy as a promising strategy for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | | | - Ruimin Ren
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Urology, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | | | - Shunping Feng
- Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huanhu Zhang
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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32
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Virtanen V, Paunu K, Kukkula A, Niva S, Junila Y, Toriseva M, Jokilehto T, Mäkelä S, Huhtaniemi R, Poutanen M, Paatero I, Sundvall M. Glucocorticoid receptor-induced non-muscle caldesmon regulates metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:42. [PMID: 37573448 PMCID: PMC10423232 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethal prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by the presence of metastases and development of resistance to therapies. Metastases form in a multi-step process enabled by dynamic cytoskeleton remodeling. An actin cytoskeleton regulating gene, CALD1, encodes a protein caldesmon (CaD). Its isoform, low-molecular-weight CaD (l-CaD), operates in non-muscle cells, supporting the function of filaments involved in force production and mechanosensing. Several factors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been identified as regulators of l-CaD in different cell types, but the regulation of l-CaD in PCa has not been defined. PCa develops resistance in response to therapeutic inhibition of androgen signaling by multiple strategies. Known strategies include androgen receptor (AR) alterations, modified steroid synthesis, and bypassing AR signaling, for example, by GR upregulation. Here, we report that in vitro downregulation of l-CaD promotes epithelial phenotype and reduces spheroid growth in 3D, which is reflected in vivo in reduced formation of metastases in zebrafish PCa xenografts. In accordance, CALD1 mRNA expression correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcripts in PCa patients. We also show that CALD1 is highly co-expressed with GR in multiple PCa data sets, and GR activation upregulates l-CaD in vitro. Moreover, GR upregulation associates with increased l-CaD expression after the development of resistance to antiandrogen therapy in PCa xenograft mouse models. In summary, GR-regulated l-CaD plays a role in forming PCa metastases, being clinically relevant when antiandrogen resistance is attained by the means of bypassing AR signaling by GR upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ylva Junila
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Toriseva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Jokilehto
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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33
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Gritsina G, Fong KW, Lu X, Lin Z, Xie W, Agarwal S, Lin D, Schiltz GE, Beltran H, Corey E, Morrissey C, Wang Y, Zhao JC, Hussain M, Yu J. Chemokine receptor CXCR7 activates Aurora Kinase A and promotes neuroendocrine prostate cancer growth. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166248. [PMID: 37347559 PMCID: PMC10378179 DOI: 10.1172/jci166248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR7 is an atypical chemokine receptor that recruits β-arrestin (ARRB2) and internalizes into clathrin-coated intracellular vesicles where the complex acts as a scaffold for cytoplasmic kinase assembly and signal transduction. Here, we report that CXCR7 was elevated in the majority of prostate cancer (PCa) cases with neuroendocrine features (NEPC). CXCR7 markedly induced mitotic spindle and cell cycle gene expression. Mechanistically, we identified Aurora Kinase A (AURKA), a key regulator of mitosis, as a novel target that was bound and activated by the CXCR7-ARRB2 complex. CXCR7 interacted with proteins associated with microtubules and golgi, and, as such, the CXCR7-ARRB2-containing vesicles trafficked along the microtubules to the pericentrosomal golgi apparatus, where the complex interacted with AURKA. Accordingly, CXCR7 promoted PCa cell proliferation and tumor growth, which was mitigated by AURKA inhibition. In summary, our study reveals a critical role of CXCR7-ARRB2 in interacting and activating AURKA, which can be targeted by AURKA inhibitors to benefit a subset of patients with NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gritsina
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ka-wing Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhuoyuan Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Xie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan C. Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maha Hussain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Imamura J, Ganguly S, Muskara A, Liao RS, Nguyen JK, Weight C, Wee CE, Gupta S, Mian OY. Lineage plasticity and treatment resistance in prostate cancer: the intersection of genetics, epigenetics, and evolution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191311. [PMID: 37455903 PMCID: PMC10349394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer, and the development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the primary cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. While CRPC typically develops through a gain in androgen receptor (AR) signaling, a subset of CRPC will lose reliance on the AR. This process involves genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal changes that promote cellular plasticity, leading to AR-indifferent disease, with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) being the quintessential example. NEPC is enriched following treatment with second-generation anti-androgens and exhibits resistance to endocrine therapy. Loss of RB1, TP53, and PTEN expression and MYCN and AURKA amplification appear to be key drivers for NEPC differentiation. Epigenetic modifications also play an important role in the transition to a neuroendocrine phenotype. DNA methylation of specific gene promoters can regulate lineage commitment and differentiation. Histone methylation can suppress AR expression and promote neuroendocrine-specific gene expression. Emerging data suggest that EZH2 is a key regulator of this epigenetic rewiring. Several mechanisms drive AR-dependent castration resistance, notably AR splice variant expression, expression of the adrenal-permissive 3βHSD1 allele, and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Aberrant epigenetic regulation also promotes radioresistance by altering the expression of DNA repair- and cell cycle-related genes. Novel therapies are currently being developed to target these diverse genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal mechanisms promoting lineage plasticity-driven NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrell Imamura
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shinjini Ganguly
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Muskara
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ross S. Liao
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jane K. Nguyen
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Weight
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher E. Wee
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Omar Y. Mian
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Ferrari M, Wang L, Hoeppner L, Hahm E, Yu J, Kuzel T, Mansini A. Myeloid differentiation factor-2/LY96, a new predictive biomarker of metastasis in prostate cancer: Clinical implications as a potential therapeutic target. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2968406. [PMID: 37333086 PMCID: PMC10275058 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2968406/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Relapsed prostate cancer (CaP), usually treated with androgen deprivation therapy, acquires resistance to develop into lethal metastatic castration-resistant CaP. The cause of resistance remains elusive, and the lack of biomarkers predictive of castration-resistance emergence is a stumbling block in managing the disease. We provide strong evidence that Myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD2) plays a critical role in metastasis and CaP progression. Analysis of tumor genomic data and IHC of tumors showed a high frequency of MD2 amplification and association with poor overall survival in patients. The Decipher-genomic test validated the potential of MD2 in predicting metastasis. In vitro studies demonstrated that MD2 confers invasiveness by activating MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we show that metastatic cells release MD2 (sMD2). We measured serum-sMD2 in patients and found that the level is correlated to disease extent. We determined the significance of MD2 as a therapeutic target and found that targeting MD2 significantly inhibited metastasis in a murine model. We conclude that MD2 predicts metastatic behavior and serum-MD2 is a non-invasive biomarker for tumor burden, whereas MD2 presence on prostate biopsy predicts adverse disease outcome. We suggest MD2-targeted therapies could be developed as potential treatments for aggressive metastatic disease.
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Cheng L, Yang T, Zhang J, Gao F, Yang L, Tao W. The Application of Radiolabeled Targeted Molecular Probes for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:574-589. [PMID: 37271211 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2022.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals targeting prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMA) are essential for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly metastatic castration-resistant PCa, for which conventional treatment is ineffective. These molecular probes include [68Ga]PSMA, [18F]PSMA, [Al18F]PSMA, [99mTc]PSMA, and [89Zr]PSMA, which are widely used for diagnosis, and [177Lu]PSMA and [225Ac]PSMA, which are used for treatment. There are also new types of radiopharmaceuticals. Due to the differentiation and heterogeneity of tumor cells, a subtype of PCa with an extremely poor prognosis, referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), has emerged, and its diagnosis and treatment present great challenges. To improve the detection rate of NEPC and prolong patient survival, many researchers have investigated the use of relevant radiopharmaceuticals as targeted molecular probes for the detection and treatment of NEPC lesions, including DOTA-TOC and DOTA-TATE for somatostatin receptors, 4A06 for CUB domain-containing protein 1, and FDG. This review focused on the specific molecular targets and various radionuclides that have been developed for PCa in recent years, including those mentioned above and several others, and aimed to provide valuable up-to-date information and research ideas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianshuo Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyun Yang
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijing Tao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu J, Zhang R, Su T, Zhou Q, Gao L, He Z, Wang X, Zhao J, Xing Y, Sun F, Cai W, Wang X, Han J, Qin R, Désaubry L, Han B, Chen W. Targeting PHB1 to inhibit castration-resistant prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:128. [PMID: 37210546 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is currently the main challenge for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, and there is an urgent need to find novel therapeutic targets and drugs. Prohibitin (PHB1) is a multifunctional chaperone/scaffold protein that is upregulated in various cancers and plays a pro-cancer role. FL3 is a synthetic flavagline drug that inhibits cancer cell proliferation by targeting PHB1. However, the biological functions of PHB1 in CRPC and the effect of FL3 on CRPC cells remain to be explored. METHODS Several public datasets were used to analyze the association between the expression level of PHB1 and PCa progression as well as outcome in PCa patients. The expression of PHB1 in human PCa specimens and PCa cell lines was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The biological roles of PHB1 in castration resistance and underlying mechanisms were investigated by gain/loss-of-function analyses. Next, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the anti-cancer effects of FL3 on CRPC cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS PHB1 expression was significantly upregulated in CRPC and was associated with poor prognosis. PHB1 promoted castration resistance of PCa cells under androgen deprivation condition. PHB1 is an androgen receptor (AR) suppressive gene, and androgen deprivation promoted the PHB1 expression and its nucleus-cytoplasmic translocation. FL3, alone or combined with the second-generation anti-androgen Enzalutamide (ENZ), suppressed CRPC cells especially ENZ-sensitive CRPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we demonstrated that FL3 promoted trafficking of PHB1 from plasma membrane and mitochondria to nucleus, which in turn inhibited AR signaling as well as MAPK signaling, yet promoted apoptosis in CRPC cells. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that PHB1 is aberrantly upregulated in CRPC and is involved in castration resistance, as well as providing a novel rational approach for treating ENZ-sensitive CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Su
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongyue He
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingying Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- INSERM, UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de L'Université de Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Montanaro M, Agostini M, Anemona L, Bonanno E, Servadei F, Finazzi Agrò E, Asimakopoulos AD, Ganini C, Cipriani C, Signoretti M, Bove P, Rugolo F, Imperiali B, Melino G, Mauriello A, Scimeca M. ZNF750: A Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076519. [PMID: 37047491 PMCID: PMC10095592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. The clinical decision making for prostate cancer patients is based on the stratification of the patients according to both clinical and pathological parameters such as Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen levels. However, these tools still do not adequately predict patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ZNF750 could have a role in better stratifying patients, identifying those with a higher risk of metastasis and with the poorest prognosis. The data reported here revealed that ZNF750 protein levels are reduced in human prostate cancer samples, and this reduction is even higher in metastatic samples. Interestingly, nuclear positivity is significantly reduced in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of both Gleason score and grade group. More importantly, the bioinformatics analysis indicates that ZNF750 expression is positively correlated with better prognosis. Overall, our findings suggest that nuclear expression of ZNF750 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer, which lays the foundation for the development of new biological therapies.
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Arjsri P, Mapoung S, Semmarath W, Srisawad K, Tuntiwechapikul W, Yodkeeree S, Dejkriengkraikul P. Pyrogallol from Spirogyra neglecta Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Modulating Akt/GSK-3 β/ β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076452. [PMID: 37047425 PMCID: PMC10094533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced form of prostate cancer associated with poor survival rates. The high proliferation and metastasis rates have made CRPC one of the most challenging types of cancer for medical practitioners and researchers. In this study, the anti-cancer properties and inhibition of CRPC progression by S. neglecta extract and its active constituents were determined using two CRPC cell lines, DU145 and PC3. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. neglecta (SnEA) was obtained using a solvent-partitioned extraction technique. The active constituents of SnEA were then determined using the HPLC technique, which showed that SnEA mainly contained syringic acid, pyrogallol, and p-coumaric acid phenolic compounds. After the determination of cytotoxic properties using the SRB assay, it was found that pyrogallol, but not the other two major compounds of SnEA, displayed promising anti-cancer properties in both CRPC cell lines. SnEA and pyrogallol were then further investigated for their anti-proliferation and apoptotic induction properties using propidium iodide and Annexin V staining. The results showed that SnEA and pyrogallol inhibited both DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK-2, and CDK-4, p < 0.001). SnEA and pyrogallol treatments also promoted apoptosis in both types of CRPC cells through significantly downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl, p < 0.001) and upregulating apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP-1, p < 0.001). Mechanistic study demonstrated that SnEA and pyrogallol inactivated the Akt signaling pathway leading to enhancement of the active form of GSK-3β in CRPC cell lines. Therefore, the phosphorylation of β-catenin was increased, which caused degradation of the protein, resulting in a downregulation of β-catenin (unphosphorylated form) transcriptional factor activity. The current results reflect the potential impact of S. neglecta extract and pyrogallol on the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sariya Mapoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Srisawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wirote Tuntiwechapikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Chen WY, Thuy Dung PV, Yeh HL, Chen WH, Jiang KC, Li HR, Chen ZQ, Hsiao M, Huang J, Wen YC, Liu YN. Targeting PKLR/MYCN/ROMO1 signaling suppresses neuroendocrine differentiation of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102686. [PMID: 36963289 PMCID: PMC10060381 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) uses androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) signaling-driven tumor progression. ADT-induced PCa recurrence may progress to an AR-negative phenotype with neuroendocrine (NE) histologic features, which are associated with metabolic disturbances and poor prognoses. However, the metabolic pathways that regulate NE differentiation (NED) in PCa remain unclear. Herein, we show a regulatory mechanism in NED-associated metabolism dysfunction induced by ADT, whereby overexpression of pyruvate kinase L/R (PKLR) mediates oxidative stress through upregulation of reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO1), thereby promoting NED and aggressiveness. ADT mediates the nuclear translocation of PKLR, which binds to the MYCN/MAX complex to upregulate ROMO1 and NE-related genes, leading to altered mitochondrial function and NED of PCa. Targeting nuclear PKLR/MYCN using bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitors has the potential to reduce PKLR/MYCN-driven NED. Abundant ROMO1 in serum samples may provide prognostic information in patients with ADT. Our results suggest that ADT resistance leads to upregulation of PKLR/MYCN/ROMO1 signaling, which may drive metabolic reprogramming and NED in PCa. We further show that increased abundance of serum ROMO1 may be associated with the development of NE-like PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phan Vu Thuy Dung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lien Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ru Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Qing Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Nien Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li C, Zhang J, Wu Q, Kumar A, Pan G, Kelvin DJ. Nifuroxazide Activates the Parthanatos to Overcome TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:306-316. [PMID: 36622760 PMCID: PMC9978883 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusion of the E-26 transformation-specific (ETS)-related gene (ERG) with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is a crucial step in the occurrence and progression of approximately 50% of prostate cancers. Despite significant progress in drug discovery, ERG inhibitors have yet to be approved for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, we used computer-aided drug design (CADD)-based virtual screening to screen for potential inhibitors of ERG. In vivo and in vitro methods revealed that nifuroxazide (NFZ) inhibited the proliferation of a TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer cell line (VCaP) with an IC50 lower than that of ERG-negative prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, and WPMY cells). Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, the critical mediator of parthanatos, is known to bind ERG and is required for ERG-mediated transcription. NFZ blocked this interaction and overly activated PARP1, leading to cell death that was reduced by olaparib, a PARP1 inhibitor. These results show that NFZ inhibits ERG, leading to parthanatic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxun Li
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiming Wu
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guihong Pan
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding Author: David J. Kelvin, Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China. E-mail:
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Jeon KH, Park S, Shin JH, Jung AR, Hwang SY, Seo SH, Jo H, Na Y, Kwon Y. Synthesis and evaluation of 7-(3-aminopropyloxy)-substituted flavone analogue as a topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitor and its sensitizing effect to enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114999. [PMID: 36493620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients primarily receive androgen receptor (AR)-targeted drugs as a primary treatment option because prostate cancer is associated with highly activated AR signaling. AR amplification made prostate cancer cells viable under treatment of AR-targeted therapy, leading to castration resistance. AR amplification was more common in enzalutamide-resistant patients. As a strategy to overcome castration resistance and to improve the efficacy of enzalutamide, second-generation nonsteroidal antiandrogen drugs for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) including topoisomerase II (topo II) poisons such as etoposide and mitoxantrone, have been administered in combination with enzalutamide. In the present study, it was confirmed that amplification of topo IIα, but not I and IIβ, was directly and proportionally associated with poor clinical outcome of Prostate cancer. Among a novel series of newly designed and synthesized 7-(3-aminopropyloxy)-substituted flavone analogues, compound 6, the most potent derivative, was further characterized and identified as a topo IIα catalytic inhibitor that intercalates into DNA and binds to the DNA minor groove with better efficacy and less genotoxicity than etoposide, a topo II poison. Compound 6 showed remarkable efficacy in inhibiting AR-negative CRPC cell growth and sensitizing activity to enzalutamide in AR-positive CRPC cells, thus confirming the potential of topo IIα catalytic inhibitor to overcome resistance to androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pochon-shi, Gyeongghi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pochon-shi, Gyeongghi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Makhov P, Fazliyeva R, Tufano A, Uzzo RG, Kolenko VM. Examining the Effect of PARP-1 Inhibitors on Transcriptional Activity of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2609:329-335. [PMID: 36515844 PMCID: PMC10103651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2891-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 1940s, androgen ablation has been the cornerstone of treatment for prostate cancer (PC). Importantly, androgen receptor (AR) signaling is vital not only for the initiation of PC, which is initially androgen-dependent, but also for castration-resistant disease. Recent studies demonstrated clear promise of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitors for targeting prostate cancer cells harboring mutations in DNA damage-repair genes. In addition, it has been established that PARP-1 inhibition suppresses growth of AR-positive prostate cancer cells in cell and animal models. Thus, prostate cancer represents a particularly promising disease site for targeting PARP-1, given that both DNA repair and AR-mediated transcription depend on PARP-1 function. Here, we describe the development and use of cell-based assay to evaluate the impact of PARP-1 inhibitors on the AR signaling in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rushaniya Fazliyeva
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Tufano
- Urology Unit, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert G Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir M Kolenko
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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SGOL2 promotes prostate cancer progression by inhibiting RAB1A ubiquitination. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:10050-10066. [PMID: 36566018 PMCID: PMC9831743 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent genitourinary malignant cancer in men worldwide. Patients with prostate cancer who progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) or metastatic CRPC have significantly poorer survival. Advanced prostate cancer is a clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatment strategies. In the field of oncology, SGOL2 was an emerging and differentially expressed molecule, which enhanced the proliferation of cell populations in vitro in our studies. Mass spectrum and Co-IP validated the interaction of SGOL2 and RAB1A in a protein-protein manner. We further investigated the role of SGOL2 in the regulatory mechanism of RAB1A in prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, SGOL2 regulated RAB1A expression by inhibiting its ubiquitination. Rescue Experiments demonstrated that SGOL2 promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration by upregulating RAB1A expression. Finally, we found that SGOL2 and RAB1A may regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) in prostate cancer. In conclusion, our findings concluded that SGOL2 stabilized RAB1A expression to promote prostate cancer development. Both of them were of great importance in TME modulation.
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He W, Xiao Y, Yan S, Zhu Y, Ren S. Cell-free DNA in the management of prostate cancer: Current status and future prospective. Asian J Urol 2022. [PMID: 37538150 PMCID: PMC10394290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective With the escalating prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) in China, there is an urgent demand for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the clinical implementation of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in PCa. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of cfDNA as a biomarker for PCa and to examine its merits and obstacles for future clinical utilization. Methods Relevant peer-reviewed manuscripts on cfDNA as a PCa marker were evaluated by PubMed search (2010-2022) to evaluate the roles of cfDNA in PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction, respectively. Results cfDNA is primarily released from cells undergoing necrosis and apoptosis, allowing for non-invasive insight into the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic alterations within various PCa disease states. Next-generation sequencing, among other detection methods, enables the assessment of cfDNA abundance, mutation status, fragment characteristics, and epigenetic modifications. Multidimensional analysis based on cfDNA can facilitate early detection of PCa, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring. However, standardization of cfDNA detection methods is still required to expedite its clinical application. Conclusion cfDNA provides a non-invasive, rapid, and repeatable means of acquiring multidimensional information from PCa patients, which can aid in guiding clinical decisions and enhancing patient management. Overcoming the application barriers of cfDNA necessitates increased data sharing and international collaboration.
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Makhov P, Fazliyeva R, Tufano A, Uzzo RG, Cai KQ, Serebriiskii I, Snyder NW, Andrews AJ, Kolenko VM. Acetyl-CoA Counteracts the Inhibitory Effect of Antiandrogens on Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5900. [PMID: 36497382 PMCID: PMC9738902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The commonly used therapeutic management of PC involves androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by treatment with AR signaling inhibitors (ARSI). However, nearly all patients develop drug-resistant disease, with a median progression-free survival of less than 2 years in chemotherapy-naïve men. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolic signaling molecule with key roles in biosynthetic processes and cancer signaling. In signaling, acetyl-CoA serves as the acetyl donor for acetylation, a critical post-translational modification. Acetylation affects the androgen receptor (AR) both directly and indirectly increasing expression of AR dependent genes. Our studies reveal that PC cells respond to the treatment with ARSI by increasing expression of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a major enzyme responsible for cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis, and up-regulation of acetyl-CoA intracellular levels. Inhibition of ACLY results in a significant suppression of ligand-dependent and -independent routes of AR activation. Accordingly, the addition of exogenous acetyl-CoA, or its precursor acetate, augments AR transcriptional activity and diminishes the anti-AR activity of ARSI. Taken together, our findings suggest that PC cells respond to antiandrogens by increasing activity of the acetyl-coA pathway in order to reinstate AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rushaniya Fazliyeva
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Antonio Tufano
- Urology Unit, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Ilya Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Andrew J. Andrews
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vladimir M. Kolenko
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Kotamarti S, Armstrong AJ, Polascik TJ, Moul JW. Molecular Mechanisms of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2022; 49:615-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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48
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Krause W. Resistance to prostate cancer treatments. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:390-410. [PMID: 35978491 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A review of the current treatment options for prostate cancer and the formation of resistance to these regimens has been compiled including primary, acquired, and cross-resistance. The diversification of the pathways involved and the escape routes the tumor is utilizing have been addressed. Whereas early stages of tumor can be cured, there is no treatment available after a point of no return has been reached, leaving palliative treatment as the only option. The major reasons for this outcome are the heterogeneity of tumors, both inter- and intra-individually and the nearly endless number of escape routes, which the tumor can select to overcome the effects of treatment. This means that more focus should be applied to the individualization of both diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. In addition to current treatment options, novel drugs and ongoing clinical trials have been addressed in this review.
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Identification and Validation of Three Hub Genes Involved in Cell Proliferation and Prognosis of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8761112. [PMID: 36035209 PMCID: PMC9402298 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8761112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The acquisition of castration resistance is lethal and inevitable in most prostate cancer patients under hormone therapy. However, effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for castration-resistant prostate cancer remain to be defined. Methods Comprehensive bioinformatics tools were used to screen hub genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer and were verified in androgen-dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer in TCGA and the SU2C/PCF Dream Team database, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis and in vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential functions of hub genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer progression. Results Three hub genes were screened out by bioinformatics analysis: MCM4, CENPI, and KNTC1. These hub genes were upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer and showed high diagnostic and prognostic value. Moreover, the expression levels of the hub genes were positively correlated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer scores, which represent the degree of castration-resistant prostate cancer aggression. Meanwhile, in vitro experiments confirmed that hub gene expression was increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines and that inhibition of hub genes hindered cell cycle transition, resulting in suppression of castration-resistant prostate cancer cell proliferation, which confirmed the gene set enrichment analysis results. Conclusions MCM4, CENPI, and KNTC1 could serve as candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of castration-resistant prostate cancer and may provide potential preventive and therapeutic targets.
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50
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Kong P, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Feng K, Sang Y, Duan X, Liu C, Sun T, Tao Z, Liu W. Emerging Proteins in CRPC: Functional Roles and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873876. [PMID: 35756667 PMCID: PMC9226405 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in the western world, but the lack of specific and sensitive markers often leads to overtreatment of prostate cancer which eventually develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Novel protein markers for diagnosis and management of CRPC will be promising. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss the expression pattern of emerging proteins in tissue, cell lines, and serum when castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) progresses to CRPC; focus on the proteins involved in CRPC growth, invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and immune microenvironment; summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of emerging proteins in CSPC progressed to CRPC at the molecular level; and finally summarize the clinical applications of emerging proteins as diagnostic marker, prognostic marker, predictive marker, and therapeutic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengliang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangle Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Sang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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