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Sahin Karaduman G, Basak T, Santana Fialho Sim-Sim MM, Aaberg V, Bule MJ. Nomophobia and Phubbing Levels of Nursing Students: A Multicenter Study. Comput Inform Nurs 2024; 42:601-607. [PMID: 38832877 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Today, with the enhancement in the usage of smartphones, the concepts of nomophobia and phubbing have emerged. Nomophobia refers to the fear of being deprived of smartphones/smart devices. Phubbing is the use of a person's smartphone in situations that are not appropriate for the situation, time, and place. Therefore, the study purposed to evaluate nursing students' nomophobia and phubbing scores in Turkey, Portugal, and the United States. The data were collected with the Personal Information Questionnaire, Nomophobia Scale, and Phubbing Scale from N = 446 nursing students. The mean age of the students was 22.04 ± 4.08 years, and 86.5% were women. It was found that the total nomophobia scores of the nursing students were 80.15 ± 21.96, 72.29 ± 28.09, and 99.65 ± 6.11, respectively in Turkey, Portugal, and the United States. When the countries' Nomophobia Scale total scores, "giving up convenience," "not being able to communicate," and "losing connectedness" scores were compared with each other, they were found to be statistically significant ( P < .05). When the countries' Phubbing Scale total scores and all subscale scores were compared with each other were found to be statistically significant ( P < .05). It is seen that nomophobia scores were moderate (60 ≤ NMP-Q nomophobia ≤ 99) and phubbing scores (<40) were below the level indicating addiction in all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Sahin Karaduman
- Author Affiliations: Gulhane Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey (Drs Sahin Karaduman and Basak), Ankara; Comprehensive Health Research Centre, University of Evora (Drs Santana Fialho Sim-Sim and Bule), Portugal; and Seattle Pacific University (Dr Aaberg), WA
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Yigit D, Cakirli M, Acikgoz A. The effect of nomophobia levels on nursing students' depression, anxiety and stress levels. J Eval Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 38943492 DOI: 10.1111/jep.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nomophobia becoming widespread can have negative effects on the psychology of nursing students, who are the nurses of the future. Yet, the psychological well-being of the nursing group dealing with human health is essential for psychologically supporting the individuals they care for and reducing the potential for errors in nursing care. Therefore, it is necessary to determine nomophobia in nursing students and examine its relationship with psychological states. AIMS This research was conducted to determine the effect of nomophobia levels on depression, anxiety and stress levels of nursing students. METHOD The descriptive and correlational research was completed with 544 nursing students. Data were collected using the Data Collection Form, Nomophobia Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and analysed using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Spearman, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The students' mean age was 21.10 ± 1.32. Their mean nomophobia score was 102.51 ± 27.06. 65.6% had depression, 66.2% had anxiety, and 35.8% had stress at different levels. A relationship was found between the students' nomophobia mean scores and their depression, anxiety and stress subscale scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The students' nomophobia levels were high. As students' nomophobia levels increased, their depression, anxiety and stress levels increased. Our recommendation is to inform nurses about nomophobia, support conscious phone use, and direct students affected by nomophobia to relevant units. Our recommendation is to inform nursing students about nomophobia, direct students affected by nomophobia to relevant units, and support their participation in activities that will raise awareness among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yigit
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya University of Health Sciences, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Merve Cakirli
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Acikgoz
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Altınel B, Uyaroğlu AK, Ergin E. The effect of social appearance anxiety and loneliness on nomophobia levels of young adults. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 50:27-32. [PMID: 38789230 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nomophobia can be defined as a disorder in which people fear being away from their smartphone. Studies on the determinants of nomophobia in young adults seem to be limited. AIM This study aims to determine the levels of nomophobia, social appearance anxiety and loneliness in young adults and to examine the effects of social appearance anxiety and the level of social and emotional loneliness on nomophobia levels. DESIGN This is a descriptive and correlational study. Data were collected from 687 young adults. Data were collected using the Information Form, the Nomophobia Scale, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults. Descriptive and multiple linear regression statistics were used. RESULTS The mean Nomophobia Scale score of the participants was 73.76 ± 27.46, which points to moderate nomophobia levels. The findings revealed those with a high level of social appearance anxiety have higher nomophobia levels. It was revealed that social appearance anxiety, social and emotional loneliness explain 8 % (Adjusted R2 = 0.082) of the variance in the nomophobia. CONCLUSION A sample of 687 participants showed that young adults were relatively moderately nomophobic. In this study, social appearance anxiety, social and emotional loneliness was determined as predictor of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Altınel
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Koçak Uyaroğlu
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emine Ergin
- Department of Midwifery, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Jahrami H, Fekih Romdhane F, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. Global research evidence on nomophobia during 2008-2022: a bibliometric analysis and review. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:889-904. [PMID: 37846044 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2268888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nomophobia, often known as a 21st-century disorder, is a recent condition that has received considerable attention, with numerous studies conducted to better understand it since it was first introduced in 2008. To better understand the present research status and prospects to assist practitioners, policymakers, and funding agencies in protecting the population from nomophobia-related harm, a bibliometric study of nomophobia-related publications was conducted. We used Scopus and dimensions.ai to perform a search between 2008 and 2022. The HistCite, R software, and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data and extract relevant keywords indexed in medical databases using mesh heading phrases. Between January 2008 and April 2022, 1,781 papers, 30 datasets, two grants, six patents, four clinical trials, and five policy documents were identified. The bulk of the articles included in this review were published after 2017 with the majority written in English. Most of the research focuses on determining the prevalence of nomophobia in various populational groups, such as students, clinical samples, and the general adult population. Several studies examined the possible association between nomophobia symptoms and other psychiatric or physical health issues, such as changes in sleep, learning and attention, academic performance, coping strategies, etc. The current body of research knowledge of nomophobia in the main includes epidemiologic and diagnostic effort that has provided mixed results regarding its assessment and prevalence rates, and appreciable data on its treatment and prevention are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Feten Fekih Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Razi Hospital, rue des orangers, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Yang Z, Zhu B, Ke J, Yu L, Zhao H. The effect of nomophobic behaviors among nurses on their clinical decision-making perceptions. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 77:103978. [PMID: 38739975 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore the impact of nomophobic behaviors among hospital nurses on their clinical decision-making perceptions. This understanding can offer insights to enhance the work environment, improve the clinical decision-making ability of nurses and guide medical institutions in the management of related equipment and policy development. BACKGROUND The term "nomophobia" refers to the anxiety and fear individuals experience when they cannot use their smartphones or when smartphones are not accessible. Nursing clinical decision-making is a complex process, including a meticulous assessment of the patient's pathological condition and medical history, alongside the application of nursing knowledge and experiential learning rooted in critical thinking. The concept of clinical decision-making perceptions is defined as a deliberate cognitive understanding of one's decision-making processes, which significantly influences the clinical decision-making capabilities of healthcare professionals, thereby impacting the quality of patient care. The factors influencing these clinical decision-making perceptions have been the subject of extensive research. However, there is no Chinese research on the impact of nurses ' nomophobic behaviors on their clinical decision-making perception. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive survey using online-based delivery modes was used. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using convenience sampling, we surveyed the nurses from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing in May 2023. Data were gathered using a sociodemographic data form, the Nomophobia Questionnaire and the Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale. Techniques including the independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were employed to probe the degree of nomophobia and its effects on their perception of clinical decision-making. Out of 284 questionnaires gathered, 272 were deemed valid, resulting in a 95.8% effective response rate. RESULTS The data revealed that participants exhibited a medium level of nomophobia (54.01 ± 24.09) and clinical decision-making perceptions (144.94 ± 20.08). A robust negative correlation was discerned between nomophobia and clinical decision-making perceptions (r: -0.365, P<0.001). This study highlighted that as the degree of nomophobia intensified, nurses' clinical decision-making perceptions decreased with the increase in nomophobia. CONCLUSION Nomophobic behaviors can hamper nurses' perception of clinical decision-making, potentially leading to inaccuracies or errors. Nurses must use mobile phones judiciously, practice self-regulation and mitigate the disruptive effects of nomophobia on their decision-making. In addition, medical institutions should foster relevant education or craft policies to regularize mobile phone use, augmenting nurses' efficiency and decision-making prowess, enhancing patient care quality, diminishing medical errors and ensuring patient health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Jiangsu University
| | - Bei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juqing Ke
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Yu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
| | - Huandi Zhao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
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Díaz-Geada A, Moure-Rodríguez L, Mallah N, Corral M, Platas Ferreiro ML, Caamaño-Isorna F. Nomophobia and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Consumption in Adolescents in Galicia. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:261-267. [PMID: 38377604 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the association of nomophobia with alcohol, tobacco, and/or cannabis consumption among high school students. We carried out a cross-sectional study among high school and vocational training students in Galicia, Northwest Spain (N = 3,100). Collected data included nomophobia, sociodemographic variables, and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption. Nomophobia was measured using the validated Nomophobia Questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using generalized linear mixed models. More than a quarter of the adolescents (27.7 percent) had nomophobia. We found an association between nomophobia and a high level of tobacco smoking in the last month in boys (OR = 2.16; 95 percent CI: 1.55-3.03). Nomophobia was also associated with higher odds of binge drinking in both genders (girls: OR = 1.86; 95 percent CI: 1.61-3.52; boys: OR = 2.29; 95 percent CI: 1.68-3.13) and with cannabis consumption in boys (OR = 1.74; 95 percent CI: 1.07-2.81). Our findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive investigation of the factors underlying alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption in the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Díaz-Geada
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Moure-Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Narmeen Mallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corral
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Caamaño-Isorna
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Nahidi M, Ahmadi M, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Morovatdar N, Khadem-Rezayian M, Abdolalizadeh A. The relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in medical students. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:70-81. [PMID: 37781789 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence of mobile phone addiction among medical students and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. The study was conducted at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from 2019 to 2021, and it included medical students at four different levels of training. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling method. All subjects completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory through online electronic self-report questionnaires. Overall, 355 medical students were included in the study, with 203 (57.2%) being female. Mild and severe mobile phone addiction was reported by 83.7 and 2.5% of the students, respectively. Furthermore, the study's findings revealed significantly higher sleep quality disorder, depression, and anxiety scores among students with severe mobile phone addiction compared to other participants ( P < 0.001, P = 0.007, and P < 0.001, respectively). Although mobile phone addiction was prevalent, severe addiction was rare among medical students. Nevertheless, severe addiction was associated with an increased prevalence of mental health problems and sleep disturbances, emphasizing the importance of interventions aimed at reducing mobile phone addiction and improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nahidi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Negar Morovatdar
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezayian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adeleh Abdolalizadeh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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Zhou B, Mui LG, Li J, Yang Y, Hu J. A model for risk factors harms and of smartphone addiction among nursing students: A scoping review. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 75:103874. [PMID: 38244336 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM To delineate the prevalence of smartphone addiction among nursing students. Further, to identify associated harms and underlying risk factors based on established theoretical models. BACKGROUND Smartphones have become indispensable tools for students. However, excessive use can lead to smartphone addiction, causing physiological, psychological and social harm. Nursing students represent a unique population whose smartphone use may differ from other disciplines due to clinical training demands. METHODS A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Seven databases were systematically searched from inception to August 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed original research on smartphone addiction, harms and risks among nursing students. Data were extracted and thematically synthesized. RESULTS Studies (n=39) met inclusion criteria, representing 15 countries. Rates of smartphone addiction among nursing students ranged from 19% to 72%, averaging 40-50%. Incorporated into Engel's biopsychosocial models, the harm is emphasized across individual inclinations, emotional aspects, cognitive processes and executive functions. Physiological harms include sleep disruption, vision concerns,other physiological concerns. psychologically, addiction correlated with increased anxiety and depression,decline in self-esteem, learning and attention and other psychological concerns. socially, it encompasses harms such as interpersonal relationships challenges, career development and decline in social abilities. The I-PACE model identifies various risk factors for smartphone addiction among nursing students, including personal factors such as interpersonal relationship anxiety and perceived academic pressure, affective factors like high stress and learning burnout, cognitive factors such as the need for online social interaction and low perception of social support, as well as executive factors like extended usage duration, poor self-control and usage before sleep. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction among nursing students presents tangible harms. A proposed theoretical model integrating established frameworks provides avenues to better comprehend addiction genesis and potential intervention strategies. Given addiction's multi-factorial nature, future research investigating harm mitigation through optimizing predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Huangshan Vocational College Of Health, School of Nursing, China; Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Malaysia
| | - Lim Gek Mui
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Malaysia.
| | - Jinnan Li
- Huangshan Vocational College Of Health, School of Nursing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Huangshan Vocational College Of Health, School of Nursing, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Huangshan Vocational College Of Health, School of Nursing, China
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El-Ashry AM, El-Sayed MM, Elhay ESA, Taha SM, Atta MHR, Hammad HAH, Khedr MA. Hooked on technology: examining the co-occurrence of nomophobia and impulsive sensation seeking among nursing students. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:18. [PMID: 38166837 PMCID: PMC10763039 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nomophobia, the crippling fear of being disconnected from mobile devices, is a burgeoning global concern. Given the critical nature of the profession of nursing students, understanding nomophobia's prevalence and potential impacts on patient care and professional conductors becomes even more crucial. AIM This study explores the relationship between nomophobia and impulsive sensation-seeking among nursing students in Egypt. DESIGN AND METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1626 nursing students randomly selected from three universities across Egypt. TOOLS The Arabic versions of the Nomophobia and Impulsive Sensation Seeking Questionnaires were employed to gather data. RESULTS Our findings revealed that 40.3% of the surveyed nursing students exhibited severe nomophobia, indicating a substantial dependence on their mobile devices. Notably, this high prevalence was accompanied by a strong tendency towards impulsive sensation-seeking behaviors. Furthermore, a stepwise regression analysis identified several significant predictors of nomophobia (p < 0.001). Impulsive sensation-seeking, year of study, average daily smartphone usage, and age emerged as key factors, explaining 27.5% of the variability in nomophobia scores. CONCLUSION The prevalence of nomophobia among Egyptian nursing students is undeniable, highlighting their substantial reliance on mobile devices. A significant association with impulsive sensation-seeking behavior further compounds this dependence. Factors such as impulsive sensation seeking, year of study, average daily smartphone usage, and age were identified as significant predictors of nomophobia. Recognizing these factors as key predictors of nomophobia is crucial for designing effective interventions and psychotherapies. Prioritizing such interventions can promote future nurses' well-being and ensure they deliver the highest quality care to their patients.
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Ceobanu CM, Marian AL, Apostolache R. Glimpse on 21st century new phobias; a predictive model of nomophobia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252099. [PMID: 38259779 PMCID: PMC10802701 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the explanatory power of a predictive model of nomophobia consisting of rumination, fear of missing out (FoMO), mindfulness and non-pathological compulsions. The research involved a cross-sectional design exploring the prevalence of nomophobia in a Romanian university students' cohort. The quantitative methodology was used to collect and analyse the data obtained from all the respondents. Researchers adapted and pretested the questionnaire NMP-Q, before distributing it to 194 university students. SPSS (V. 20) and Hayes's PROCESS tool were used to analyse the data. The findings demonstrated that the above-mentioned psychological variables have a direct and significant relationship with nomophobia. Specifically, within the multidimensional mechanism that explains nomophobia, fear of missing out (FoMO), non-pathological compulsions, and rumination, included in the predictive model in this order, played the most important role, as together cover 34% of nomophobia variance. Furthermore, the fear of missing out has the highest explanatory contribution to nomophobia. The current study gives a better understanding of the dynamics of nomophobia in young people by focusing on psychological factors that play an important role in this phenomenon.
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Tárrega-Piquer I, Valero-Chillerón MJ, González-Chordá VM, Llagostera-Reverter I, Cervera-Gasch Á, Andreu-Pejo L, Pérez-Cantó V, Ortíz-Mallasén V, Blasco-Palau G, Mena-Tudela D. Nomophobia and Its Relationship with Social Anxiety and Procrastination in Nursing Students: An Observational Study. NURSING REPORTS 2023; 13:1695-1705. [PMID: 38133116 PMCID: PMC10745487 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep13040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nomophobia is a phenomenon that describes the fear of not having one's mobile phone accessible. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of nomophobia among nursing students as well as its relationship with procrastination and social anxiety. METHODS An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 308 nursing students. Data were collected using the Nomophobia Questionnaire, Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form, and Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults. Additionally, sociodemographic variables related to academic performance and smartphone use were collected. We performed a descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analysis of the Nomophobia Questionnaire score. RESULTS 19.5% (n = 60) of the students presented with or were at high risk of nomophobic behaviour. Moreover, nomophobic behaviour was positively correlated with high levels of social anxiety (p < 0.001), longer daily smartphone usage time (p < 0.001), and a high frequency of smartphone checking in class (p < 0.001). The predictive variables for nomophobic behaviour included age, variables related to smartphone use, social anxiety levels, work, procrastination tendency, sex, and self-reported average grade. CONCLUSION One out of five students in the sample studied presented with or were at high risk of nomophobic behaviour. Additionally, nomophobic behaviour was associated with social anxiety and variables related to smartphone use. This study was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tárrega-Piquer
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - María Jesús Valero-Chillerón
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Víctor Manuel González-Chordá
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Irene Llagostera-Reverter
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Águeda Cervera-Gasch
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Laura Andreu-Pejo
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Víctor Pérez-Cantó
- Nursing Department, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Víctor Ortíz-Mallasén
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Guillem Blasco-Palau
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Desirée Mena-Tudela
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (I.T.-P.); (I.L.-R.); (Á.C.-G.); (L.A.-P.); (V.O.-M.); (G.B.-P.); (D.M.-T.)
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Vagka E, Gnardellis C, Lagiou A, Notara V. Prevalence and Factors Related to Nomophobia: Arising Issues among Young Adults. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1467-1476. [PMID: 37623304 PMCID: PMC10453636 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13080107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nomophobia is characterized as apprehension of being apart from smartphone, which causes the user to seek proximity with the device. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence and factors associated to nomophobia among young adults in Athens, the capital city of Greece. A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 1408 young adults aged 18-25 years. The questionnaire was anonymous, including the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, the smartphone uses, and the nomophobia questions. Statistical analyses were done by simple univariable techniques or modeling the data through generalized linear models. Almost all participants (99.9%) exhibited any level of nomophobia, with the moderate level prevailing (57.0%). Women and non-working participants were more likely to exhibit severe nomophobia (adj PR = 1.57) and any level of nomophobia was 30% higher among the participants whose father had no academic degree (p = 0.029). In addition, 59% of those with severe nomophobia had very frequent phone checking (p < 0.001) while 45.8% with any level of nomophobia reported a negative influence on their academic performance. Attention should be paid to early prevention through the development of integrated health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissavet Vagka
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Charalambos Gnardellis
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
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Tuna R, Alan H, Saritas M, Bacaksiz FE. Touch-operated world of teenagers in the distance education process: A cross-sectional study on nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out in nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 71:103728. [PMID: 37517231 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the levels of nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out of nursing students in this digital era and to perform comparison according to their personal and smartphone usage characteristics. BACKGROUND The time we live in has provoked some digital diseases along with many developments that have made our lives easier. Nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out, which develop due to excessive or inappropriate use of smartphones, the Internet and social media, are among those digital diseases. DESIGN This is a descriptive, comparative, correlational and cross-sectional study. METHODS The data were obtained from 802 volunteer students at the nursing faculties of three public universities in Istanbul between 15 April and 15 May 2022. The personal information form, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Firat Netlessphobia Scale and Fear of Missing Out Scale were used as data collection instruments. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and descriptive, correlative and comparative analyses. RESULTS The scale scores of nursing students were below the average in general; however, it was determined that the nomophobia scores were higher than the netlessphobia and fear of missing out scores. While gender and grade variables made a significant difference with nomophobia (p < 0.05), no significant difference was found with netlessphobia and fear of missing out (p > 0.05). Those who connect to the Internet from home; use the Internet for distance education and social media; use the Internet on their smartphones for a longer period in a day; check their smartphone more often; carry a phone charger with them; spend time on their smartphones before sleeping and after waking up; and consider themselves addicted obtained higher scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Digital issues of our time are both associated with the interaction among each other and smartphone usage characteristics. It is considered important to evaluate themselves regarding inappropriate or excessive use and risky behavior, as well as adapting approaches to protect young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujnan Tuna
- Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Alan
- Department of Nursing Administration, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Saritas
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Feride Eskin Bacaksiz
- Department of Nursing Administration, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jelleli H, Hindawi O, Rebhi M, Ben Aissa M, Saidane M, Saad AR, Guelmami N. Psychometric Evidence of the Arabic Version of Nomophobia Questionnaire Among Physical Education Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2383-2394. [PMID: 37408785 PMCID: PMC10319280 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s416312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nomophobia refers to a psychological state in which individuals experience anxiety or fear at the thought of being disconnected from their mobile phone. The Nomophobia Questionnaire was developed to assess dimensions of nomophobia among native English-speaking populations. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Nomophobia Questionnaire in the Tunisian context based on Western Arabic dialects. Methods This cross-sectional design using a non-probability sampling method was conducted from September 05 to October 06, 2022. A total of 644 participants, with an average age of 21.04 ± 1.59 years, completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and an Arabic version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire. Participants were divided into two groups to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The first group consisted of 200 students (56% female and 44% male with an average age of 21.10 ± 1.64), with 33% (n = 66) freshmen, 41.5% second-year students (n = 83) and 25.5% (n = 51) of third-year students. The second group was collected one month later in the same establishment and was composed of 444 students (52% men and 48% female with an average age of 21.01 ± 1.57). Results The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 20 items and the second order four-factor structure should be retained. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Arabic version of the NMP-Q gave the following statistics: χ2/df= 1.47; Fit Index = 0.997; Adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.996; Tucker-Lewis index = 1.003; Comparative Fit Index = 1; Root mean square error of approximation = 0.000 (90% CI 0-0) and standardized mean residual = 0.030, indicating good model fit. McDonald's ω internal consistency indexes for the four factors, namely giving up convenience, not being able to access information, not being able to communicate, and losing connectedness were 0.821, 0.841, 0.851, and 0.897, respectively. These values demonstrated good scale consistency. Conclusion The Arabic Version of the Nomophobia questionnaire has been found to be a reliable and valid psychometric tool, and can be effectively used to measure nomophobia in countries where western Arabic dialects are spoken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Jelleli
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hindawi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Sport Rehabilitation Department, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Rebhi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Department of Education, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Aissa
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Saidane
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Department of Health, Higher Institute of Nursing Sciences of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Amr Roushdy Saad
- Faculty of Physical Education of Mansoura, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Berdida DJE, Grande RAN. Nursing students' nomophobia, social media use, attention, motivation, and academic performance: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 70:103645. [PMID: 37100027 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the interrelationships of nomophobia, social media use, attention, motivation, and academic performance among nursing students. BACKGROUND There is a preponderance of studies about nursing students' nomophobia, social media use, and academic performance. However, the mediating role of motivation and attention between nomophobia and academic performance remains a blind spot in nursing literature. DESIGN Cross-sectional design and structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. METHOD Students from five nursing institutions in the Philippines were recruited via convenience sampling (n = 835). We used STROBE guidelines in reporting this study. Three self-report instruments (Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire [MSLQ], Media and Technology Usage and Attitude Scale [MTUAS], and Nomophobia Questionnaire [NMP-Q]) were used to collect data. SEM, mediation analyses, and path analyses were used for data analysis. RESULTS The emerging model afforded acceptable model fit indices. Nursing students' nomophobia positively influenced social media use whereas negatively impacting motivation and attention. Social media use, motivation, and attention directly affect academic performance. Path analyses depicted that motivation and attention mediated the indirect effect of nomophobia on academic performance. Motivation mediated the indirect impact of nomophobia on attention. Finally, attention mediated the indirect effect of motivation on academic performance. CONCLUSION Nursing institutions and educators can use the proposed model in developing guidelines for evaluating nomophobia and regulating social media use in the academic and clinical context. These initiatives could support nursing students' transition from school to practice while assisting them in maintaining their academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rizal Angelo N Grande
- Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, KSA 55473, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Caba-Machado V, Díaz-López A, Baridon-Chauvie D, Machimbarrena JM, Ortega-Barón J, González-Cabrera J. Nomophobia in Mexico: validation of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and cross-cultural comparison with Spain. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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17
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Sobaih AEE, Baquee A, Palla IA, Munshi SA. Perceived Use Behavior of Social Networking Sites Among the Healthcare Students in India. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231201040. [PMID: 37691723 PMCID: PMC10492473 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231201040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of social networking sites (SNSs) is growing among higher education students, including healthcare students. Nonetheless, limited research has examined the perceived use behavior among healthcare students in developing countries such as India. Objective This study attempts to assess the use behavior of SNSs by undergraduate students in the fields of nursing and pharmacy in India through the lens of Connectivism and New Social Learning theories. Method The study used a Google form to collect data through an online questionnaire. A sample of 483 participants included 258 Bachelor of Science in Nursing students, 161 General Nursing and Midwifery students, and 64 Bachelor of Pharmacy students from various Indian nursing and pharmacy schools. Results The majority of the respondents prefer to use SNSs for several purposes such as watching academic videos on YouTube, sharing their ideas, thoughts, and current development in their respective fields through WhatsApp, getting job-related information from different Facebook pages, etc. A substantial number of nursing students believed that these SNSs help them build relationships with professionals across the country. At the same time, many students also indicated that extensive use of SNSs might cause sleep difficulties, data privacy concerns, and a lack of focus while studying. Conclusion To have an impact on how SNSs are used in healthcare education, more attention should be paid to build connectivism between educators and their students on social learning environment, which the findings of this study's suggestions could be put into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdul Baquee
- Department of Library and Information Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Palla
- Department of Library and Information Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Shamim Aktar Munshi
- Ananda Chandra College, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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18
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Aldhahir AM, Bintalib HM, Siraj RA, Alqahtani JS, Alqarni OA, Alqarni AA, Alghamdi HS, Alyami MM, Naser AY, Fatani AI, Alwafi H. Prevalence of Nomophobia and Its Impact on Academic Performance Among Respiratory Therapy Students in Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:877-884. [PMID: 36960416 PMCID: PMC10029368 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s404898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nomophobia has been highly prevalent among health discipline students. However, there is no available data on the prevalence of nomophobia among respiratory therapy (RT) students in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey using the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) was conducted and distributed using a convenience sample of RT students through an online platform (Survey Monkey) between September and November 2022. Results Overall, 1428 RT students, with males accounting for 773 (54%), responded to the online survey. The prevalence of nomophobia among RT students was 97.3% (1390). The mean (±SD) of the total NMP-Q items scores was 62 (±22), indicating a moderate level of nomophobia among the RT students. Female RT students had significantly higher nomophobia scores than male RT students (63 (47-80) vs 59 (43-75); p <0.001)). Single RT students had significantly higher nomophobia scores than married RT students (62 (46-78) vs 46 (37-64); p <0.001)). RT students who were living outside the family home had significantly higher nomophobia scores than RT students who were living with their family (66 (54-78) vs 60 (44-77); p = 0.001)). RT students with a GPA of 4.50 to 5.00 had the highest nomophobia score (63 (46-79); p = 0.005)). RT students who were in their third year had the highest nomophobia score (66 (48-80); p <0.001)). RT students who reported no academic warnings had the highest nomophobia score (63 (48-80); p <0.001)). RT students who spent ≥ five hours studying per week had the highest nomophobia score (64 (51-80); p <0.001)). Conclusion Nomophobia is common among RT students, with the majority experiencing a moderate level. Being female, single, living outside the family home, and having a higher academic performance were risk factors associated with higher nomophobia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah M Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Abdulelah M Aldhahir, Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966557775561, Email
| | - Heba M Bintalib
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Alqarni
- Clinical Technology Department, Respiratory Care Program, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin S Alghamdi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alyami
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa I Fatani
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Eskin Bacaksiz F, Tuna R, Alan H. Nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out in nursing students: A cross-sectional study in distance education. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2022; 118:105523. [PMID: 36058115 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pandemic, along with distance education, nursing students' smartphone and internet usage habits have changed and their duration has been extended. However, the effect of this situation on problems that may develop due to excessive/inappropriate use of smartphones and the internet such as nomophobia, netlessphobia, fear of missing out is unknown. This study was conducted to measure nursing students' nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out levels and identify the correlations between them. METHODS This descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted on 802 students studying in 3 nursing faculties between November 2021 and February 2022. Introductory Information Form, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Fırat Netlessphobia Scale and Fear of Missing Out Scale were used to collect the data. RESULTS The nursing students used their smartphones for 5.13 ± 2.26 h on average per day and used internet from their smartphones for 4.65 ± 2.74 h. They considered themselves as partly smartphone addicts and they were active users on social media platforms such as WhatsApp (97.3 %) or Instagram (82.2 %). The students' nomophobia mean score was 2.98 ± 0.78, their netlessphobia mean score was 2.53 ± 0.87, and their fear of missing out mean score was 2.18 ± 0.80. Netlessphobia alone accounted for 44.4 % of nomophobia and there was a positive and moderate correlation between them (r = 0.666; p < .001). Fear of missing out alone accounted for 18.5 % of nomophobia and there was a positive and moderate correlation between them (r = 0.430; p < .001). Both of them affected nomophobia by 45.4 %. CONCLUSIONS Despite the increase in the digital activities of nursing students in the distance education process, it is positive that the netlessphobia and fear of missing out scores are low. However, higher nomophobia scores and strong relationships between concepts require being aware of possible problems, monitoring and taking precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feride Eskin Bacaksiz
- Department of Nursing Administration, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rujnan Tuna
- Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Alan
- Department of Nursing Administration, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Nomophobia is considered a digital and virtual contemporary society disorder and refers to discomfort, anxiety, nervousness, or distress caused by being out of contact with a cell phone or computer. The present study had a twofold objective: to evaluate the expert use of the Internet among Italian nurses by correlating it with socio-demographic characteristics, such as: sex, years of work experience, professional role, and level of nursing education; and to assess a possible increase in the levels of nomophobia among Italian nurses during COVID-19 compared to the pre-pandemic period. (2) Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted from April to September 2020, such as during the First Wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. (3) Results: A total of 502 nurses were enrolled in the present study. Significantly differences were reported in the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) levels according to socio-demographic characteristics since males reported significantly higher IAT levels than females (p < 0.001). Nurses who worked more than 6 years reported significantly higher IAT levels (p = 0.031) than their younger colleagues. More nursing managers and coordinators reported significantly higher IAT levels than registered nurses (p < 0.001). This trend was repeated by considering the nursing educational level, as nurses who recorded more years of nursing educational level reported significantly higher IAT levels than the others (p = 0.003). Additionally, significant differences were reported according to all the socio-demographic characteristics considered and IAT subdimensions, namely: Salience, Excessive Use, Neglect Work, Anticipation, and Lack of Control. (4) Conclusions: The study revealed higher levels of Internet addiction in men than in women during the COVID-19 pandemic period, as well as a significant correlation between nomophobia, years of work experience, and the role of nursing coordinator/manager.
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Copaja-Corzo C, Aragón-Ayala CJ, Taype-Rondan A. Nomophobia and Its Associated Factors in Peruvian Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095006. [PMID: 35564400 PMCID: PMC9101167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nomophobia is the discomfort caused by not being in contact with a cell phone. Few studies have addressed nomophobia in university students. The study aimed to evaluate nomophobia and its associated factors in Peruvian medical students. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study on Peruvian medical students between June 2020 and March 2021, using an online survey disseminated through social networks. We analyzed 3139 responses (females: 61.1%, median age: 22 years): 25.7% presented moderate nomophobia and 7.4% severe nomophobia. In the adjusted model, the nomophobia score was lower in students ≥24 years (β: −4.1, 95% CI: −7.2 to −1.0) and was higher in those who had a mobile internet data plan (β: 2.9, 0.8 to 5.0), used the cell phone >4 h (β: 4.5, 2.3 to 6.7), used a smartphone mainly for education (β: 2.5, 0.2 to 4.8), social networks (β: 8.2, 5.8 to 10.6) and entertainment (β: 3.3, 0.5 to 6.1), and those who presented possible anxious (β: 6.6, 4.3 to 8.9) or depressive (β: 19.5, 5.2 to 9.6) symptomatology. In conclusion, nomophobia in university students is a frequent and emerging problem, present mainly at younger ages and associated with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Implementing evaluation and early intervention strategies would favor the mental health of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Copaja-Corzo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna 23001, Peru
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Alvaro Taype-Rondan
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15001, Peru;
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22
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Uguz G, Bacaksiz FE. Relationships between personality traits and nomophobia: Research on nurses working in public hospitals. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:673-681. [PMID: 33969498 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, some personal and smartphone usage characteristics will be examined as the determinants of nomophobia, and its relationship with personality traits will be tested. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample of the descriptive and correlative study consisted of 669 nurses working in six hospitals in Istanbul. The data collection tool consisted of three parts: Descriptive information form, Nomophobia Scale, and Five-Factor Personality Traits Scale. FINDINGS There was a relationship between nurses' nomophobia levels and neuroticism scores (r = 0.201; p < 0.001). The relationships nomophobia levels with other personality features were found to be either significant but negative, and very low power or statistically non-significant. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS As a result of the research, the prevalence of nomophobia increases due to the use of smartphones, especially the younger generation is at risk for nomophobia and that the personality traits of the people do not have a strong explanatory on the levels of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Uguz
- Department of Nursing Management, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Intensive Care Unit, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feride Eskin Bacaksiz
- Department of Nursing Administration, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Polat F, Delibaş L, Bilir İ. The relationship between nomophobia level and worry severity in future healthcare professional candidates. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:339-347. [PMID: 33821485 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This descriptive study was conducted to determine the relationship between nomophobia level and anxiety severity among university students. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was completed with a total of 745 students. A descriptive questionnaire and the nomophobia questionnaire and measure of worry severity. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses were used. FINDING It was found positive correlation was determined between the nomophobia level and severity of anxiety. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS İndividuals with nomophobia should be given the necessary assistance before the current situation worsens. Information about the correct use of the smartphone should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Polat
- Department of Midwife, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Faculty of Health Sciences, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Leyla Delibaş
- Department of Dialysis, Hasan Kalyoncu University Vocational School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Bilir
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Hasan Kalyoncu University Vocational School, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Notara V, Vagka E, Gnardellis C, Lagiou A. The Emerging Phenomenon of Nomophobia in Young Adults: A Systematic Review Study. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 13:120-136. [PMID: 34703533 PMCID: PMC8519611 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v13i2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Nomophobia (No MObile PHone PhoBIA) refers to the worry or fear that individuals experience when they are without their mobile phone or they are unable to use it. The term was first coined in 2008 and it is considered a modern type of phobia. The aim of the present study was to retrieve and review the most relevant literature on the prevalence of nomophobia and its relationship with psychosocial and physical health among young adults. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted according the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for original papers on the phenomenon of nomophobia in young adults using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) as the main measuring instrument. The literature was focused on the 3 main topics of prevalence and level of nomophobia, nomophobia and psychosocial effects, and nomophobia and physical health in young adults. Findings The initial literature corpus consisted of 370 articles of which 40 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. Nomophobia was observed among 15.2%-99.7% of the participants. Research findings indicated increased psychological, emotional, social, and physical side effects due to excessive smartphone use. Conclusion The excessive use of the smartphone is an emerging threat for social, mental, and physical health. There is an increased need for further research in this regard as it is evolving into an epidemic outbreak and concerns directly the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Elissavet Vagka
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Gnardellis
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries ans Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Ayar D, Gürkan KP. The Effect of Nursing Students' Smartphone Addiction and Phubbing Behaviors on Communication Skill. Comput Inform Nurs 2021; 40:230-235. [PMID: 34629428 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of nursing students' smartphone addiction and phubbing behaviors on their communication skills. This study was conducted with 587 undergraduate nursing students. Sociodemographic data were evaluated using percentages and means. The relationship between smartphone addiction and communication skills and the relationship between phubbing behaviors and communication skills were evaluated with Pearson's correlation analysis. The effect of nursing students' smartphone addiction and phubbing behaviors on their communication skills was evaluated using multiple regression analysis. The mean age of the nursing students in the study was 20.47 ± 1.91 years, and 69.3% (n = 407) of the students were female. When the relationship between the communication skills of undergraduate nursing students and other variables was analyzed, it was found that there was a moderate, significant, and negative correlation with smartphone addiction (β = -0.314, P < .001) as well as with the status of phubbing behaviors (β = -0.503, P < .001). It was determined that there was a significant negative relationship between the communication skills of undergraduate nursing students and their smartphone addiction and the status of phubbing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijle Ayar
- Author Affiliations: Pediatric Nursing Department (Dr Ayar) and Public Health Nursing Department (Dr Gürkan), Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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Çobanoğlu A, Bahadir-Yilmaz E, Kiziltan B. The relationship between nursing students' digital and smartphone addiction levels and nomophobia: A descriptive, correlational study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1727-1734. [PMID: 33616201 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nursing students' digital addiction and smartphone addiction levels and nomophobia. METHODS This is a descriptive, correlational study. It was conducted with 215 nursing students in a university located in northeastern Turkey. RESULTS A positive and moderate correlation was found between students' nomophobia levels with smartphone addiction and digital addiction levels (p < 0.05). Analysis of the regression coefficients determined that smartphone addiction (β = 0.765; p < 0.01) had a significant positive effect on nomophobia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, nursing students should seek professional psychological help in developing health and life behaviors, such as sports, healthy eating, and sleep, to reduce nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Çobanoğlu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emel Bahadir-Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Belkız Kiziltan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Avrasya University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Dai C, Tai Z, Ni S. Smartphone Use and Psychological Well-Being Among College Students in China: A Qualitative Assessment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708970. [PMID: 34566786 PMCID: PMC8458628 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Problematic smartphone use is widespread, and college-age youth faces an especially high risk of its associated consequences. While a promising body of research has emerged in recent years in this area, the domination of quantitative inquiries can be fruitfully and conceptually complemented by perspectives informed through qualitative research. Toward that end, this study aimed to interrogate the myriad behavioral, attitudinal, and psychological tendencies as a side effect of college students’ engagement with the smartphone in their everyday lived experience through in-depth interviews. Methods: We recruited 70 participants from seven college campuses hailing from different geographic regions in China, and conducted semi-structured in-depth virtual interviews via WeChat in November and December 2020. Subjective experiences, personal narratives and individual perceptions in the context of routine interaction with the smartphone were thematically analyzed through a reiterative process in an effort to detect prevailing threads and recurring subthemes. Results: The smartphone has established a pervasive presence in college students’ everyday life. Time-based use characteristics generated a typology of four distinct user groups: hypo-connected antagonists, balanced majority, hyper-connected enthusiasts, and indulgent zealots. Habitual usage falls on predictable patterns matched onto temporal, locale-based and contextual cues and triggers. Students’ dependency relationships with the smartphone have both functional and emotional dimensions, as prominently manifested in occasions of detachment from the device. Self-regulatory effort in monitoring and limiting use is significantly impacted by mental focus and personal goal setting. Perspectives from our qualitative data suggest the need for taking into account a variety of contextual cues and situational factors in dissecting psychological and emotional outcomes of smartphone use and abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dai
- School of Journalism and Communication, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zixue Tai
- School of Journalism and Media, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shan Ni
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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Ramjan LM, Salamonson Y, Batt S, Kong A, McGrath B, Richards G, Roach D, Wall P, Crawford R. The negative impact of smartphone usage on nursing students: An integrative literature review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 102:104909. [PMID: 33894590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones are ubiquitous, and for some, an indispensable companion. In nursing education curricula and clinical healthcare settings, smartphones have the potential to augment student learning. Nursing students report significant benefits to smartphone use, which extend beyond learning, to include enhanced communication, clinical decision making and evidence-based practice. Despite these benefits, little is known about the negative impact of smartphones on student learning. OBJECTIVES This integrative review aimed to synthesise findings from published research that referred to the detrimental direct or indirect effect of smartphone usage on nursing students. DESIGN The integrative review was guided by the five-stage approach as conceptualised by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). METHODS Seven electronic databases were systematically searched in consultation with a university librarian (CINAHL Plus, Ovid Medline ALL, Nursing and Allied Health Database, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and ERIC) using a combination of key search terms and medical subject headings. A total of 646 articles were retrieved, and following removal of duplicates, screening of titles and abstracts, a final 27 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. RESULTS Studies in the review originated from Korea (n = 7), Turkey (n = 6), India (n = 4), Spain (n = 3), USA (n = 2), Spain/Portugal (n = 1), Iran (n = 1), France (n = 1), Canada (n = 1) and Egypt (n = 1). Personal smartphone use was reported to be a distraction within clinical and classroom learning, and considered as uncivil, and compromised professionalism. Frequently, smartphones were used for entertainment (e.g. social networking) rather than professional purposes. The studies identified a concerning level of nomophobia and smartphone addiction among nursing students that caused stress and anxiety, and adversely affected sleep, learning and academic performance. Recommendations were proposed for smartphone policies. CONCLUSIONS Excessive smartphones use among nursing students may adversely affect physical and mental health and potentially impact on student learning within the classroom and clinical environment. Educators should consider the implementation of policies or guidance for the responsible use of smartphones by nursing students whilst in the classroom setting and during clinical placement, to mitigate the potential negative impact on health and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Ramjan
- Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Yenna Salamonson
- Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Sharryn Batt
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, PO Box 1937, Mandurah, WA 6210, Australia.
| | - Ariana Kong
- Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, The Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia.
| | - Belinda McGrath
- School of Health and Social Services, Whitireia Polytechnic New Zealand, DX Box:SX33459, Porirua 5022, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Gina Richards
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - David Roach
- 21(st) Century Curriculum Project, Western Sydney University, Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor (Learning Transformations), Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Peter Wall
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, PO Box 1937, Mandurah, WA 6210, Australia.
| | - Ruth Crawford
- School of Nursing, Health and Wellness, Western Institute of Technology at Taranaki, Private Bag 2030, New Plymouth 4342, New Zealand.
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The relationship between the nomophobic levels of higher education students in Ghana and academic achievement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252880. [PMID: 34133434 PMCID: PMC8208529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an upsurge in the use of mobile phones among higher education students in Ghana, which may result in the nomophobia prevalence with the students. Therefore, the need to assess the influence of nomophobia within the student population in Ghana. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of nomophobia and the sociodemographic variables, and the association with academic achievement of the understudied population. A self-reporting nomophobia questionnaire, composed of 20 dimensions, was answered by 670 university students to measure the nomophobia prevalence. Raw data were estimated using descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA and Independent T-test. While the findings showed diverse grades of nomophobia, statistical significance between academic achievement and the level of nomophobia was observed. This study concludes that there is a high nomophobia prevalence among university students in Ghana as the use of smartphones increases. However, follow-up studies should be conducted in Ghanaian universities to monitor nomophobia and its associates in order to reduce the adverse effects of habitual use of smartphones.
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León-Mejía AC, Gutiérrez-Ortega M, Serrano-Pintado I, González-Cabrera J. A systematic review on nomophobia prevalence: Surfacing results and standard guidelines for future research. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250509. [PMID: 34003860 PMCID: PMC8130950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phones allow us to stay connected with others and provide us a sense of security. We can work, chat with family and friends, take pictures, buy clothes or books, and even control home appliances. They play such a significant role in our lives that we feel anxious without them. In some cases, the relationship between humans and these communication devices have become problematic. Nomophobia (NMP) is the fear of becoming incommunicable, separated from the mobile phone and losing connection to the Internet. Since this social phobia was coined in the first decade of the XXI century, a growing number of studies have studied it and reported the prevalence of this technology-related problem. However, this research activity has generated mixed results regarding how we assess and report nomophobia and who may be at a higher risk of suffering or developing it. Methods We conducted a systematic review of 108 studies published in English and Spanish and collected them in Parsifal. We searched for assessment and prevalence data on nomophobia. Also, we looked at gender and age differences to identify risk factors and see if these differences exist and emerge worldwide. Results In this study, we find that women and younger individuals suffer more from nomophobia. The disparity in reporting the prevalence of nomophobia is enormous since the percentages of “at-risk” participants go from 13% to 79%, and participants suffering from it are between 6% and 73%, being the score in the range of 45.5 and 93.82. Within the group of nomophobic people, moderate cases vary between 25.7% and 73.3%, and severe cases, between 1% and 87%. Such disparity is due to differences in assessment criteria. Females and young people seem to be more vulnerable to nomophobia although methodological disparity makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions. We conclude our review by recommending some common guidelines for guiding future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. León-Mejía
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Mónica Gutiérrez-Ortega
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Serrano-Pintado
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Joaquín González-Cabrera
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Madrid, Spain
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Çelik İnce S. Relationship between nomophobia of nursing students and their obesity and self-esteem. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:753-760. [PMID: 32853441 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between student nurses' nomophobia levels and obesity and self-esteem. DESIGN AND METHODS This study is a descriptive-correlational type study. This study conducted 607 nursing students. Data were collected with "Personal Information Form," "Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)," and "The Self Esteem Rating Scale-Short Form." FINDINGS As a result of the research, it was determined that the students had moderate nomophobia. There was no significant relationship between nomophobia and obesity and self-esteem. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It was determined that especially when they are bored, the rate of using smartphones is high, and the use of smartphones harms their lives. More studies are needed to examine the relationship of nomophobia with students' body mass index and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevecen Çelik İnce
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Osorio-Molina C, Martos-Cabrera MB, Membrive-Jiménez MJ, Vargas-Roman K, Suleiman-Martos N, Ortega-Campos E, Gómez-Urquiza JL. Smartphone addiction, risk factors and its adverse effects in nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 98:104741. [PMID: 33485161 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones are technological devices that have a great impact on people's daily lives changing their habits and behaviors. The utilities and capabilities of these devices are increasing and the foresight is that this tendency will grow in the next years. However, the problematic use of the smartphone has increased dangerously, interfering with the clinical practice of healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, also known as nomophobia, in nursing students and to identify its related factors and its negative effects. DESIGN Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The literature search was done in CINAHL, Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. REVIEW METHODS The search equation was "(nomophobia OR smartphone) AND nurs* student*". n = 16 articles were identified. RESULTS The meta-analytic estimation of nomophobia or smartphone addiction was 22% (CI95% 18%-26%] in a sample of n = 2780 nursing students. Smartphone usability is very extended during the clinical practice by nursing students. They indicated using the device or watching other students distracted with their smartphone. Some variables related to excessive use in nursing students are lower sleep quality, lower self-esteem, higher social distress, lower perceived social support or lower communication skills between others. CONCLUSIONS The main use of the smartphone by nursing students is for communication with other people and some of them indicate that it can be a distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K Vargas-Roman
- Behavioral Sciences Department, University of Granada, Spain
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Nursing Students' Perceptions of Smartphone Use in the Clinical Care and Safety of Hospitalised Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031307. [PMID: 33535632 PMCID: PMC7908449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Smartphones have become an indispensable item for nursing students. The use of these devices in the clinical setting could have various effects on the clinical work of nursing students. This study was to explore nursing students’ perceptions of their lived experiences of smartphone use in the clinical setting, in regard to patient safety. A descriptive phenomenological study was carried out. A total of 24 nursing students from a university in the southeast of Spain participated in this study. There were 10 in-depth interviews and two focal groups from January to May 2020. The data analysis was performed using ATLAS.TI software to identify the emergent topics. The COREQ Checklist was used to prepare the manuscript. Three principal topics were identified that illustrated the nursing students’ experiences and perceptions of smartphone use in the clinical setting (1): Using smartphones in the clinical setting as a personal resource, (2) smartphones as a support mechanism for making clinical decisions, (3) impact of smartphones on patient care. The nursing students perceived smartphones as a support mechanism for making clinical decisions and for patient care. Smartphone use during clinical practicums may influence the quality of patient-centred communication and threaten clinical safety. The results of this study provide knowledge on the use of smartphones by nursing students in the clinical setting, which could help to establish measures that guarantee adequate patient care and responsible use of these devices.
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Abstract
The use of cell phones can have a negative effect on nursing students' academic performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects that problematic cell phone use and nomophobia have on learning in nursing students. A quasi-experimental study was carried out among nursing students, with a control group (n = 61, 49.2%) and an experimental group (n = 63, 50.8%). The experimental group left their cell phones, in sound or vibration mode, as they normally kept them, on a table located in the corner of the classroom. Both groups showed higher-than-average levels of nomophobia at the beginning of the class. As for problematic cell phone use and attention, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in both cases (U = 1355.500, Z = -2.830, P = .005; U = 1449.000, Z = -2.363, P = .018, respectively), and the experimental group had higher average scores, as well as in those related to knowledge. A relationship has been found between nomophobia and problematic cell phone use. Students who do not have access to their cell phones during class perceive more problematic cell phone usage, in addition to paying closer attention during class. Because of this, it is important to create policies and norms restricting cell phone use during all types of academic training among nursing students.
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Rodríguez-Sabiote C, Álvarez-Rodríguez J, Álvarez-Ferrandiz D, Zurita-Ortega F. Development of Nomophobia Profiles in Education Students through the Use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8252. [PMID: 33182223 PMCID: PMC7664890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Nomophobia is a recent behavioural addiction phenomenon. The present study proposes the objective of determining levels of nomophobia in students of Education. In addition, it seeks to find evidence regarding whether cross-tabulating variables produces statistically significant differences and to examine whether the contemplated variables, together with nomophobia levels, can be used to generate a student profile. (2) Methods: A total of 510 students (M = 20.69 years) participated in this study. For the collection of information, we developed a Likert-type ad hoc scale of nomophobia. The quantitative data analysis programmes SPSS v.25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), STATA.v.15 (StatCorp, Spring, TX, USA) and jamovi v.1.2 (The jamovi project, Sidney, Australia) were used to analyse information collected by the previously described scale. (3) Results: The study concludes the existence of three main levels of correspondence. The first is formed by students with a low level of nomophobia. It is associated with students undertaking the first year of a Master's degree who are older than 24, and in this case, gender does not play a discriminating role. The second describes students with moderate nomophobia. It is associated with females, the degree titles of Pedagogy and Primary Education, undertaking the first or second year of degree study and ages of between 21 and 24. Finally, the third level of correspondence is formed by students with high nomophobia. It is related to the same characteristics as those previously mentioned but ages typically ranging between 17 and 20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pedagogy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.Á.-R.); (D.Á.-F.)
| | | | - Felix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Márquez-Hernández VV, Gutiérrez-Puertas L, Granados-Gámez G, Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Aguilera-Manrique G. Problematic mobile phone use, nomophobia and decision-making in nursing students mobile and decision-making in nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract 2020; 49:102910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gonçalves S, Dias P, Correia AP. Nomophobia and lifestyle: Smartphone use and its relationship to psychopathologies. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Alsayed S, Bano N, Alnajjar H. Evaluating Practice of Smartphone Use Among University Students in Undergraduate Nursing Education. HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hpe.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Diagnosis, prevalence and effects of nomophobia - A review. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288:112975. [PMID: 32325385 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López-Belmonte J, Romero-Rodríguez JM, Rodríguez-García AM. Nomophobia: impact of cell phone use and time to rest among teacher students. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04084. [PMID: 32490259 PMCID: PMC7260290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomophobia is one of the modern pathologies that has been born as a consequence of the impact that portable technologies have had on society and the dependence generated among citizens, especially towards smartphones. This phobia manifests itself and is intensified by the loss of immediate access to information, to the network of contacts, as well as by the impossibility of contacting or being contacted by other people. All this ends up interfering with the development of the person's daily life (physical, physiological, psychological, social problems, among others). Although the research is in an incipient phase, the problem has not been studied with the teaching population, so we present a pioneering study with this group, the main objective being to analyze the prevalence of nomophobia in future teachers of Early Childhood and Primary Education, as well as to check the incidence of rest time in the levels of nomophobia. The study follows a descriptive, correlational, transversal and predictive design and a quantitative methodology. The standardized nomophobia questionnaire NMP-Q was used on a sample of n = 849 future teachers. The results show average levels of nomophobia in most of the variables. However, the higher levels of nervousness, fear or anxiety stand out due to the inability to communicate instantaneously. Also, a higher prevalence of the problem is observed in the sector of the sample that claims to sacrifice rest time due to the use of their mobile phone. Although these numbers are not alarming, we must take into account that in some variables the prevalence is slightly higher, making it necessary to make educational interventions in this regard and to promote education for the responsible and critical use of media and technologies.
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Yang J, Fu X, Liao X, Li Y. Association of problematic smartphone use with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112686. [PMID: 31757638 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To quantitatively assess the association of problematic smartphone use (PSU) with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety, we reviewed current evidence from observational studies and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. The EBSCO PsycARTICLES, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched, and 14 studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. We calculated odds risk and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using random-effect or fixed-effect models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and chi2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on country, adjusted variables, the methods of statistical analysis, outcome measures and publication year. We found significantly increased risks of poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in people with PSU. Our findings highlight the necessity of managing the PSU. However, further studies are required to confirm the results due to the high heterogeneity and methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Fu
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Rodríguez-García AM, Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López Belmonte J. Nomophobia: An Individual's Growing Fear of Being without a Smartphone-A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E580. [PMID: 31963208 PMCID: PMC7013598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the current literature focused on nomophobia (objectives, methodological design, main variables, sample details, and measurement methods) in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial sample consisted of 142 articles, of which 42 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. The findings show that the current research is in an exploratory phase, with a greater predominance of descriptive, nonexperimental, and cross-sectional studies that explore the prevalence of nomophobia mainly in adolescents and university students. The most widely used measurement instrument is the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) proposed by Yildrim and Correia. In addition, the research suggests that nomophobia negatively affects personality, self-esteem, anxiety, stress, academic performance, and other physical and mental health problems. We are therefore faced with a health problem, which negatively affects a person, causing psychological problems and physical and behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús López Belmonte
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.-M.R.-G.); (A.-J.M.-G.)
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Bautista JR, Lin TTC, Theng YL. Influence of Organizational Issues on Nurse Administrators' Support to Staff Nurses' Use of Smartphones for Work Purposes in the Philippines: Focus Group Study. JMIR Nurs 2020; 3:e17040. [PMID: 34345781 PMCID: PMC8279451 DOI: 10.2196/17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies show that nurses use their own smartphones for work purposes, and there are several organizational issues related to this. However, it is unclear what these organizational issues are in the Philippines and the influence they have on nurse administrators’ (ie, superiors) support to staff nurses’ (ie, subordinates) use of smartphones for work purposes. Objective Drawing from the Organizational Support Theory (OST), this study aimed to identify organizational issues that influence nurse administrators’ support to staff nurses’ use of smartphones for work purposes. Methods Between June and July 2017, 9 focus groups with 43 nurse administrators (ie, head nurses, nurse supervisors, and nurse managers) were conducted in 9 tertiary-level general hospitals in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Drawing from OST, issues were classified as those that encouraged or inhibited nurse administrators to support nurses’ use of smartphones for work purposes. Results Nurse administrators were encouraged to support nurses’ use of smartphones for work purposes when (1) personal smartphones are superior to workplace technologies, (2) personal smartphones resolve unit phone problems, and (3) policy is unrealistic to implement. Conversely, issues that inhibited nurse administrators to support nurses’ use of smartphones for work purposes include (1) smartphone use for nonwork purposes and (2) misinterpretation by patients. Conclusions Nurse administrators in the Philippines faced several organizational issues that encouraged or inhibited support to staff nurses’ use of smartphones for work purposes. Following OST, the extent of their support can influence staff nurses’ perceived organizational support on the use of smartphones for work purposes, Overall, the findings highlight the role and implication of organizational support in the context of smartphone consumerization in hospital settings, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Robert Bautista
- School of Information The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX United States.,Center for Health Communication Moody College of Communication The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX United States
| | - Trisha T C Lin
- Department of Radio & Television College of Communication National Chengchi University Taipei Taiwan.,Taiwan Institute for Governance and Communication Research Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yin-Leng Theng
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
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Determining Symptomatic Factors of Nomophobia in Peruvian Students from the National University of Engineering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of cell phones has increased worldwide in the past few decades, particularly in children and adolescents. Using these electronic devices provides personal benefits. Communicating through cell phones was a very important factor in the socioeconomic progress of developed countries. However, it is beyond doubt that its indiscriminate use can bring up certain psychiatric disorders or cause some disorder in a person, within the phobic group of anxiety disorders called nomophobia; basically associated with anxiety, nervousness, discomfort, and distress when contact with the smartphone is lost, mainly in the youngest users. This research proposal aims to identify symptoms that have not yet been detected by unceasing cell phone use, considering that in Peru there are few studies of human health engineering and the physical mental health. For that reason, we sought to identify the symptomatic factors of nomophobia presented by students at the National University of Engineering and its interference with their academic life. To accomplish this study, we designed a questionnaire according to our reality with the use of focus groups techniques when the test was taken in class. Three symptomatic factors of nomophobia were identified: feelings of anxiety, compulsive smartphone use, and feelings of anxiety and panic. The study included a representative sample of 461 students in different years of study engineering (21% women, 79% men, over 17 years of age). Finally, given the widespread adoption of smartphones and their integration into educational environments, the results of this study can help educators understand students’ inclination to use their smartphones at all times.
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Bragazzi NL, Re TS, Zerbetto R. The Relationship Between Nomophobia and Maladaptive Coping Styles in a Sample of Italian Young Adults: Insights and Implications From a Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e13154. [PMID: 30763254 PMCID: PMC6505371 DOI: 10.2196/13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information technologies have become an integral part of the modern society; however, it is speculated that their overuse would result in addiction. Nomophobia refers to the irrational fear of being out of contact with virtual communication platforms. Generally, upon exposure to stress, humans adjust by employing cognitive mechanisms and behavioral efforts known as coping strategies. OBJECTIVE The goal of the research was to explore coping styles implemented in subjects with nomophobia. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving young adult participants (undergraduate students and younger subjects) who were recruited via an online survey using a snowball approach. The Italian version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire was administered to subjects. The measurement of coping styles was done using the 28-item Brief COPE questionnaire. Continuous data were computed as means and standard deviations, whereas categorical data were expressed as percentages, where appropriate. Correlation analysis was performed between the Nomophobia Questionnaire and Brief COPE scores. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted in order to shed light on the determinants of each coping style and its association with nomophobia. RESULTS A total of 403 subjects took part in the study. Subjects with higher nomophobia scores responded when confronted with stress with behavioral disengagement (r=.16, P<.001), denial (r=.19, P<.001), self-blame (r=.12, P=.02), self-distraction (r=.22, P<.001), venting (r=.28, P<.001), use of emotional (r=.25, P<.001), and instrumental support (r=.16, P=.001). CONCLUSION Nomophobia subjects adopt maladaptive coping strategies when confronted with stress. The acknowledgment of how nomophobia subjects react provides insight and introduces a focus for preventative and interventional measures in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Simona Re
- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Chair, Genoa, Italy
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