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Chen YH, Wang ZB, Liu XP, Xu JP, Mao ZQ. Sex differences in the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's disease-mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1301854. [PMID: 38903903 PMCID: PMC11188317 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders with intriguing epidemiological overlaps. Their interrelation has recently garnered widespread attention. Empirical evidence indicates that depressive disorders significantly contribute to AD risk, and approximately a quarter of AD patients have comorbid major depressive disorder, which underscores the bidirectional link between AD and depression. A growing body of evidence substantiates pervasive sex differences in both AD and depression: both conditions exhibit a higher incidence among women than among men. However, the available literature on this topic is somewhat fragmented, with no comprehensive review that delineates sex disparities in the depression-AD correlation. In this review, we bridge these gaps by summarizing recent progress in understanding sex-based differences in mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutic prospects for depression and AD. Additionally, we outline key challenges in the field, holding potential for improving treatment precision and efficacy tailored to male and female patients' distinct needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jun-Peng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Khalid S, Kearney M, McReynolds DE. Can social adversity alter the epigenome, trigger oral disease, and affect future generations? Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3. [PMID: 38740675 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The nature versus nurture debate has intrigued scientific circles for decades. Although extensive research has established a clear relationship between genetics and disease development, recent evidence has highlighted the insufficiency of attributing adverse health outcomes to genetic factors alone. In fact, it has been suggested that environmental influences, such as socioeconomic position (SEP), may play a much larger role in the development of disease than previously thought, with extensive research suggesting that low SEP is associated with adverse health conditions. In relation to oral health, a higher prevalence of caries (tooth decay) exists among those of low SEP. Although little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship, epigenetic modifications resulting from environmental influences have been suggested to play an important role. This review explores the intersection of health inequalities and epigenetics, the role of early-life social adversity and its long-term epigenetic impacts, and how those living within the lower hierarchies of the socioeconomic pyramid are indeed at higher risk of developing diseases, particularly in relation to oral health. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted interventions for individuals of low SEP to improve oral health or identify those who are at higher risk of developing oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakr Khalid
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E McReynolds
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Lisco G, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Guastamacchia E, Jirillo E, Vitale E, Triggiani V. Chronic Stress as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: Endocrine, Metabolic, and Immune Implications. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:321-332. [PMID: 37534489 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230803095118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is a condition of pressure on the brain and whole body, which in the long term may lead to a frank disease status, even including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Stress activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis with release of glucocorticoids (GCs) and catecholamines, as well as activation of the inflammatory pathway of the immune system, which alters glucose and lipid metabolism, ultimately leading to beta-cell destruction, insulin resistance and T2D onset. Alteration of the glucose and lipid metabolism accounts for insulin resistance and T2D outcome. Furthermore, stress-related subversion of the intestinal microbiota leads to an imbalance of the gut-brain-immune axis, as evidenced by the stress-related depression often associated with T2D. A condition of generalized inflammation and subversion of the intestinal microbiota represents another facet of stress-induced disease. In fact, chronic stress acts on the gut-brain axis with multiorgan consequences, as evidenced by the association between depression and T2D. Oxidative stress with the production of reactive oxygen species and cytokine-mediated inflammation represents the main hallmarks of chronic stress. ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines represent the main hallmarks of stress-related disorders, and therefore, the use of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances (nutraceuticals) may offer an alternative therapeutic approach to combat stress-related T2D. Single or combined administration of nutraceuticals would be very beneficial in targeting the neuro-endocrine-immune axis, thus, regulating major pathways involved in T2D onset. However, more clinical trials are needed to establish the effectiveness of nutraceutical treatment, dosage, time of administration and the most favorable combinations of compounds. Therefore, in view of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the use of natural products or nutraceuticals for the treatment of stress-related diseases, even including T2D, will be discussed. Several evidences suggest that chronic stress represents one of the main factors responsible for the outcome of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Elsa Vitale
- Department of Mental Health, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Local Health Authority Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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4
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Liao Y, Wang Y, Tao QQ, Yang C, Wang J, Cheng J, Ma J, Wu ZY, Pan RY, Yuan Z. CALHM2 V136G polymorphism reduces astrocytic ATP release and is associated with depressive symptoms and Alzheimer's disease risk. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4407-4420. [PMID: 37493186 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is considered a prodromal state of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the underlying mechanism(s) by which depression increases the risk of AD are not known. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was used to determine the CALHM2 variants in AD patients. Cellular and molecular experiments were conducted to investigate the function of CALHM2 V136G mutation. We generated a new genetically engineered Calhm2 V136G mouse model and performed behavioral tests with these mice. RESULTS CALHM2 V136G mutation (rs232660) is significantly associated with AD. V136G mutation resulted in loss of the CALHM2 ATP-release function in astrocytes and impaired synaptic plasticity. Mice homozygous for the Calhm2 V136G allele displayed depressive-like behaviors that were rescued by administration of exogenous ATP. Moreover, Calhm2 V136G mutation predisposed mice to cognitive decline in old age. DISCUSSION CALHM2 dysfunction is a biologically relevant mechanism that may contribute to the observed clinical correlation between depression and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoguang Yang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Yuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Barbee H, McKay T. Do supportive work environments matter for minority aging? Work stress and subjective cognitive impairment among middle-age and older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 237:103949. [PMID: 37267881 PMCID: PMC11089649 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has documented how people's experiences at work affect their cognitive health outcomes, but how these processes unfold for minority groups, particularly lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) populations, is unclear. This study builds on the nascent literature by employing generalized structural equation models to test how experiencing major problems at work and working with LGBTQ+ supportive coworkers affect subjective cognitive impairment among middle-age and older LGBTQ+ adults. We also test for mediated and indirect effects of support and problems at work operating via vascular disease, sleep problems, and depression symptoms. Experiencing major problems at work is associated with a higher likelihood of reporting cognitive symptoms consistent with mild cognitive impairment, but this relationship is mediated by depression symptoms and sleep problems. Having LGBTQ+ supportive coworkers does not have direct effects on mild cognitive impairment, but does operate indirectly by decreasing problems at work and, in turn, decreases the likelihood of reporting cognitive symptoms consistent with mild cognitive impairment. Overall, we find that workplace stressors contribute to cognitive health directly and through mediated and indirect pathways and that supportive contexts reduce exposure to problems at work. We conclude with suggested possibilities to reorganize workplaces to improve long-term cognitive health outcomes for older adults, especially those who are LGBTQ+-identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Barbee
- Johns Hopkins University, United States of America.
| | - Tara McKay
- Vanderbilt University, United States of America.
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6
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Dioli C, Papadimitriou G, Megalokonomou A, Marques C, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I. Chronic Stress, Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: The Triangle of Oblivion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:303-315. [PMID: 37525058 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress and high levels of the main stress hormones, and glucocorticoids (GC), are implicated in susceptibility to brain pathologies such as depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as they promote neural plasticity damage and glial reactivity, which can lead to dendritic/synaptic loss, reduced neurogenesis, mood deficits, and impaired cognition. Moreover, depression is implicated in the development of AD with chronic stress being a potential link between both disorders via common neurobiological underpinnings. Hereby, we summarize and discuss the clinical and preclinical evidence related to the detrimental effect of chronic stress as a precipitator of AD through the activation of pathological mechanisms leading to the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and Tau protein. Given that the modern lifestyle increasingly exposes individuals to high stress loads, it is clear that understanding the mechanistic link(s) between chronic stress, depression, and AD pathogenesis may facilitate the treatment of AD and other stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dioli
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Carlos Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece.
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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7
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Nucara A, Ripanti F, Sennato S, Nisini G, De Santis E, Sefat M, Carbonaro M, Mango D, Minicozzi V, Carbone M. Influence of Cortisol on the Fibril Formation Kinetics of Aβ42 Peptide: A Multi-Technical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116007. [PMID: 35682687 PMCID: PMC9180743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates are known to be correlated with pathological neurodegenerative diseases. The fibril formation process of such peptides in solution is influenced by several factors, such as the ionic strength of the buffer, concentration, pH, and presence of other molecules, just to mention a few. In this paper, we report a detailed analysis of in vitro Aβ42 fibril formation in the presence of cortisol at different relative concentrations. The thioflavin T fluorescence assay allowed us to monitor the fibril formation kinetics, while a morphological characterization of the aggregates was obtained by atomic force microscopy. Moreover, infrared absorption spectroscopy was exploited to investigate the secondary structure changes along the fibril formation path. Molecular dynamics calculations allowed us to understand the intermolecular interactions with cortisol. The combined results demonstrated the influence of cortisol on the fibril formation process: indeed, at cortisol-Aβ42 concentration ratio (ρ) close to 0.1 a faster organization of Aβ42 fragments into fibrils is promoted, while for ρ = 1 the formation of fibrils is completely inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nucara
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Ripanti
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Simona Sennato
- CNR-ISC Sede Sapienza, Department of Physics, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Nisini
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emiliano De Santis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mahta Sefat
- School of Pharmacy, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Marina Carbonaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Dalila Mango
- School of Pharmacy, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics and INFN, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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8
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Wu-Chung EL, Leal SL, Denny BT, Cheng SL, Fagundes CP. Spousal caregiving, widowhood, and cognition: A systematic review and a biopsychosocial framework for understanding the relationship between interpersonal losses and dementia risk in older adulthood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104487. [PMID: 34971701 PMCID: PMC8925984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating research suggests that stressful life events, especially those that threaten close intimate bonds, are associated with an increased risk of dementia. Grieving the loss of a spouse, whether in the form of caregiving or after the death, ranks among 'life's most significant stressors', evoking intense psychological and physiological distress. Despite numerous studies reporting elevated dementia risk or poorer cognition among spousal caregivers and widow(er)s compared to controls, no review has summarized findings across cognitive outcomes (i.e., dementia incidence, cognitive impairment rates, cognitive performance) or proposed a theoretical model for understanding the links between partner loss and abnormal cognitive decline. The current systematic review summarizes findings across 64 empirical studies. Overall, both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies revealed an adverse association between partner loss and cognitive outcomes. In turn, we propose a biopsychosocial model of cognitive decline that explains how caregiving and bereavement may position some to develop cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. More longitudinal studies that focus on the biopsychosocial context of caregivers and widow(er)s are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryan T. Denny
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | | | - Christopher P. Fagundes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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9
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Puigoriol-Illamola D, Companys-Alemany J, McGuire K, Homer NZM, Leiva R, Vázquez S, Mole DJ, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 Ameliorates Cognition and Molecular Detrimental Changes after Chronic Mild Stress in SAMP8 Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101040. [PMID: 34681264 PMCID: PMC8540242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucocorticoid (GC) signaling is a significant factor in aging, stress, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the study of GC-mediated stress responses to chronic moderately stressful situations, which occur in daily life, is of huge interest for the design of pharmacological strategies toward the prevention of neurodegeneration. To address this issue, SAMP8 mice were exposed to the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm for 4 weeks and treated with RL-118, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor. The inhibition of this enzyme is linked with a reduction in GC levels and cognitive improvement, while CMS exposure has been associated with reduced cognitive performance. The aim of this project was to assess whether RL-118 treatment could reverse the deleterious effects of CMS on cognition and behavioral abilities and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms that compromise healthy aging in SAMP8 mice. First, we confirmed the target engagement between RL-118 and 11β-HSD1. Additionally, we showed that DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone phosphorylation were decreased by CMS induction, and increased by RL-118 treatment. In addition, CMS exposure caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and increased pro-oxidant enzymes-as well as pro-inflammatory mediators-through the NF-κB pathway and astrogliosis markers, such as GFAP. Of note, these modifications were reversed by 11β-HSD1 inhibition. Remarkably, although CMS altered mTORC1 signaling, autophagy was increased in the SAMP8 RL-118-treated mice. We also showed an increase in amyloidogenic processes and a decrease in synaptic plasticity and neuronal remodeling markers in mice under CMS, which were consequently modified by RL-118 treatment. In conclusion, 11β-HSD1 inhibition through RL-118 ameliorated the detrimental effects induced by CMS, including epigenetic and cognitive disturbances, indicating that GC-excess attenuation shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for age-related cognitive decline and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Companys-Alemany
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kris McGuire
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (K.M.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Natalie Z. M. Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Damian J. Mole
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (K.M.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-4024531
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10
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Monteiro-Fernandes D, Silva JM, Soares-Cunha C, Dalla C, Kokras N, Arnaud F, Billiras R, Zhuravleva V, Waites C, Bretin S, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I. Allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors counteracts Tau-related excitotoxic synaptic signaling and memory deficits in stress- and Aβ-evoked hippocampal pathology. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5899-5911. [PMID: 32467647 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the understanding of its neuropathology, Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a complex disorder with no effective treatment that counteracts the memory deficits and the underlying synaptic malfunction triggered by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and Tau protein. Mounting evidence supports a precipitating role for chronic environmental stress and glutamatergic excitotoxicity in AD, suggesting that targeting of glutamate receptor signaling may be a promising approach against both stress and AD pathologies. In light of the limited cognitive benefit of the direct antagonism of NMDA receptors in AD, we here focus on an alternative way to modify glutamatergic signaling through positive allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors, by the use of a PAM-AMPA compound. Using non-transgenic animal model of Aβ oligomer injection as well as the combined stress and Aβ i.c.v. infusion, we demonstrate that positive allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors by PAM-AMPA treatment reverted memory, but not mood, deficits. Furthermore, PAM-AMPA treatment reverted stress/Aβ-driven synaptic missorting of Tau and associated Fyn/GluN2B-driven excitotoxic synaptic signaling accompanied by recovery of neurotransmitter levels in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that positive allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors restores synaptic integrity and cognitive performance in stress- and Aβ-evoked hippocampal pathology. As the prevalence of AD is increasing at an alarming rate, novel therapeutic targeting of glutamatergic signaling should be further explored against the early stages of AD synaptic malfunction with the goal of attenuating further synaptic damage before it becomes irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monteiro-Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Minho, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Margarida Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Minho, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Minho, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - François Arnaud
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Rodolphe Billiras
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Viktoriya Zhuravleva
- Neurobiology and Behavior Graduate Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clarissa Waites
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sylvie Bretin
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Minho, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Minho, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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11
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Saelzler UG, Verhaeghen P, Panizzon MS, Moffat SD. Intact circadian rhythm despite cortisol hypersecretion in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105367. [PMID: 34340133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypersecretion of the glucocorticoid steroid hormone cortisol by individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suspected for several decades, during which time dozens of examinations of this phenomenon have been conducted and published. The goals of this investigation were to summarize this sizeable body of literature, test whether participant and methodological characteristics modify the magnitude of the AD-associated basal cortisol hypersecretion, and examine whether cortisol circadian rhythmicity is maintained among individuals with AD. To this end, the present meta-analysis and systematic review examined over 300 comparisons of indices of basal HPA-axis functioning between individuals with AD and cognitively normal older adults. AD was associated with basal cortisol elevations (g = 0.45) but the magnitude of the effect was not systematically impacted by any of the participant characteristics considered or the time-of-day of the cortisol sampling. Further, there was no evidence of group differences among direct indices of circadian rhythmicity such as the cortisol awakening response or the diurnal cortisol slope. These results suggest that basal hypersecretion of cortisol, but not circadian dysrhythmia, is characteristic of individuals with AD. Mechanistically, the observed hypersecretion is consistent with the theorized AD-driven deterioration of the hippocampus and subsequent reduction in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis inhibition. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the role and timing of cortisol elevations in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula G Saelzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Paul Verhaeghen
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 648 Cherry St. NW, Atlanta GA 30313, USA.
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Scott D Moffat
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 648 Cherry St. NW, Atlanta GA 30313, USA.
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12
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Juszczyk G, Mikulska J, Kasperek K, Pietrzak D, Mrozek W, Herbet M. Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091439. [PMID: 34573069 PMCID: PMC8470444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.
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13
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Poumeaud F, Mircher C, Smith PJ, Faye PA, Sturtz FG. Deciphering the links between psychological stress, depression, and neurocognitive decline in patients with Down syndrome. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100305. [PMID: 33614867 PMCID: PMC7879042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between psychological stress and cognitive functions are still to be defined despite some recent progress. Clinically, we noticed that patients with Down syndrome (DS) may develop rapid neurocognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) earlier than expected, often shortly after a traumatic life event (bereavement over the leave of a primary caregiver, an assault, modification of lifestyle, or the loss of parents). Of course, individuals with DS are naturally prone to develop AD, given the triplication of chromosome 21. However, the relatively weak intensity of the stressful event and the rapid pace of cognitive decline after stress in these patients have to be noticed. It seems DS patients react to stress in a similar manner normal persons react to a very intense stress, and thereafter develop a state very much alike post-traumatic stress disorders. Unfortunately, only a few studies have studied stress-induced regression in patients with DS. Thus, we reviewed the biochemical events involved in psychological stress and found some possible links with cognitive impairment and AD. Interestingly, these links could probably be also applied to non-DS persons submitted to an intense stress. We believe these links should be further explored as a better understanding of the relationships between stress and cognition could help in many situations including individuals of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Poumeaud
- Univ. Limoges, Peripheral Neuropathies, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Clotilde Mircher
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 37 Rue des Volontaires, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Peter J. Smith
- University of Chicago, 950 E. 61st Street, SSC Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Pierre-Antoine Faye
- Univ. Limoges, Peripheral Neuropathies, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
- CHU Limoges, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Franck G. Sturtz
- Univ. Limoges, Peripheral Neuropathies, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
- CHU Limoges, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, F-87000, Limoges, France
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14
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Zhang SQ, Cao LL, Liang YY, Wang P. The Molecular Mechanism of Chronic High-Dose Corticosterone-Induced Aggravation of Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:613421. [PMID: 33519376 PMCID: PMC7844096 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.613421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have found that some Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients suffer from Cushing’s syndrome (CS). CS is caused by the long-term release of excess glucocorticoids (GCs) from the adrenal gland, which in turn, impair brain function and induce dementia. Thus, we investigated the mechanism of the effect of corticosterone (CORT) on the development and progression of AD in a preclinical model. Specifically, the plasma CORT levels of 9-month-old APP/PS1 Tg mice were abnormally increased, suggesting an association between GCs and AD. Long-term administration of CORT accelerated cognitive dysfunction by increasing the production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ). The mechanism of action of CORT treatment involved stimulation of the expression of BACE-1 and presenilin (PS) 1 in in vitro and in vivo. This observation was confirmed in mice with adrenalectomy (ADX), which had lower levels of GCs. Moreover, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated the effects of CORT on the stimulation of the expression of BACE-1 and PS1 via the PKA and CREB pathways in neuroblastoma N2a cells. In addition to these mechanisms, CORT can induce a cognitive decline in APP/PS1 Tg mice by inducing apoptosis and decreasing the differentiation of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Qing Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Yue Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Octodon degus: a natural model of multimorbidity for ageing research. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101204. [PMID: 33152453 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrating the multifactorial processes co-occurring in both physiological and pathological human conditions still remains one of the main challenges in translational investigation. Moreover, the impact of age-associated disorders has increased, which underlines the urgent need to find a feasible model that could help in the development of successful therapies. In this sense, the Octodon degus has been indicated as a 'natural' model in many biomedical areas, especially in ageing. This rodent shows complex social interactions and high sensitiveness to early-stressful events, which have been used to investigate neurodevelopmental processes. Interestingly, a high genetic similarity with some key proteins implicated in human diseases, such as apolipoprotein-E, β-amyloid or insulin, has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the fact that this animal is diurnal has provided important contribution in the field of circadian biology. Concerning age-related diseases, this rodent could be a good model of multimorbidity since it naturally develops cognitive decline, neurodegenerative histopathological hallmarks, visual degeneration, type II diabetes, endocrinological and metabolic dysfunctions, neoplasias and kidneys alterations. In this review we have collected and summarized the studies performed on the Octodon degus through the years that support its use as a model for biomedical research, with a special focus on ageing.
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16
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Kiarash Fekri, Nayebi AM, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J. The Neurochemical Changes Involved in Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depression: Roles for Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971242002004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Marchant NL, Lovland LR, Jones R, Pichet Binette A, Gonneaud J, Arenaza‐Urquijo EM, Chételat G, Villeneuve S. Repetitive negative thinking is associated with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1054-1064. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lise R. Lovland
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StOP‐AD) CentreDouglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Quebec Canada
- McGill Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StOP‐AD) CentreDouglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Quebec Canada
- McGill Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Eider M. Arenaza‐Urquijo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, Cyceron Caen 14000 France
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research CenterPasqual Maragall Foundation Barcelona Spain
| | - Gael Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, Cyceron Caen 14000 France
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StOP‐AD) CentreDouglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Quebec Canada
- McGill Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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18
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Su D, Li W, Chi H, Yang H, She X, Wang K, Gao X, Ma K, Zhang M, Cui B. Transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus in environmental noise-exposed SAMP8 mice reveals regulatory pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:3. [PMID: 31918655 PMCID: PMC6953163 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic noise exposure is one environmental hazard that is associated with genetic susceptibility factors that increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the comprehensive understanding of the link between chronic noise stress and AD is limited. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic noise exposure on AD-like changes in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). Methods A total of 30 male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the noise-exposed group, the control group, and aging group (positive controls), and mice in the exposure group were exposed to 98 dB SPL white noise for 30 consecutive days. Transcriptome analysis and AD-like neuropathology of hippocampus were examined by RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were used to further determine the differential gene expression and explore the underlying mechanisms of chronic noise exposure in relation to AD at the genome level. Results Chronic noise exposure led to amyloid beta accumulation and increased the hyperphosphorylation of tau at the Ser202 and Ser404 sites in young SAMP8 mice; similar observations were noted in aging SAMP8 mice. We identified 21 protein-coding transcripts that were differentially expressed: 6 were downregulated and 15 were upregulated after chronic noise exposure; 8 genes were related to AD. qPCR results indicated that the expression of Arc, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nauk1, and Per2 were significantly high in the noise exposure group. These outcomes mirrored the results of the RNA sequencing data. Conclusions These findings further revealed that chronic noise exposure exacerbated aging-like impairment in the hippocampus of the SAMP8 mice and that the protein-coding transcripts discovered in the study may be key candidate regulators involved in environment-gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Su
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Chi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Honglian Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojun She
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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19
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Silva JM, Rodrigues S, Sampaio-Marques B, Gomes P, Neves-Carvalho A, Dioli C, Soares-Cunha C, Mazuik BF, Takashima A, Ludovico P, Wolozin B, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I. Dysregulation of autophagy and stress granule-related proteins in stress-driven Tau pathology. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1411-1427. [PMID: 30442948 PMCID: PMC6748085 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of neuronal proteostasis associated with misfolding and aggregation of Tau protein is a common neurodegenerative feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other Tauopathies. Consistent with suggestions that lifetime stress may be an important AD precipitating factor, we previously reported that environmental stress and high glucocorticoid (GC) levels induce accumulation of aggregated Tau; however, the molecular mechanisms for such process remain unclear. Herein, we monitor a novel interplay between RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and autophagic machinery in the underlying mechanisms through which chronic stress and high GC levels impact on Tau proteostasis precipitating Tau aggregation. Using molecular, pharmacological and behavioral analysis, we demonstrate that chronic stress and high GC trigger mTOR-dependent inhibition of autophagy, leading to accumulation of Tau aggregates and cell death in P301L-Tau expressing mice and cells. In parallel, we found that environmental stress and GC disturb cellular homeostasis and trigger the insoluble accumulation of different RBPs, such as PABP, G3BP1, TIA-1, and FUS, shown to form stress granules (SGs) and Tau aggregation. Interestingly, an mTOR-driven pharmacological stimulation of autophagy attenuates the GC-driven accumulation of Tau and SG-related proteins as well as the related cell death, suggesting a critical interface between autophagy and the response of the SG-related protein in the neurodegenerative potential of chronic stress and GC. These studies provide novel insights into the RNA-protein intracellular signaling regulating the precipitating role of environmental stress and GC on Tau-driven brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Margarida Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Neves-Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Chrysoula Dioli
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Brandon F Mazuik
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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20
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Correro AN, Nielson KA. A Review of Minority Stress as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Elders. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2019; 24:2-19. [PMID: 33014237 DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2019.1644570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults comprise a unique and growing subset of the aging population. The historical context in which they came of age was imbued with victimization and discrimination. These experiences are subjectively stressful and collectively known as minority stress. Older LGBT adults continue to face stressors related to their gender and sexual identities in their daily lives. Importantly, chronic minority stress (CMS), like other forms of chronic stress, is harmful to health and well-being. CMS contributes to LGBT health disparities, including cardiovascular disease and depression, conditions that in turn increase risk for premature cognitive decline. Furthermore, long-term exposure to stress hormones is associated with accelerated brain aging. Yet, the cognitive functioning of LGBT elders and the influence of CMS on their cognition is all but unexplored. In this review, we examine the influences of CMS in LGBT elders and connect those influences to existing research on stress and cognitive aging. We propose a testable model describing how CMS in LGBT elders heightens risk for premature cognitive aging and how ameliorating factors may help protect from CMS risk. Research is desperately needed to calibrate this model toward improving LGBT quality of life and mental health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristy A Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Imaging Research, Medical College of Wisconsin
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21
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Wassouf Z, Schulze-Hentrich JM. Alpha-synuclein at the nexus of genes and environment: the impact of environmental enrichment and stress on brain health and disease. J Neurochem 2019; 150:591-604. [PMID: 31165472 PMCID: PMC6771760 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of alpha‐synuclein protein aggregates is the hallmark neuropathologic feature of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease. Rare point mutations and multiplications in SNCA, the gene encoding alpha‐synuclein, as well as other genetic alterations are linked to familial Parkinson’s disease cases with high penetrance and hence constitute major genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. However, the preponderance of cases seems sporadic, most likely based on a complex interplay between genetic predispositions, aging processes and environmental influences. Deciphering the impact of these environmental factors and their interactions with the individual genetic background in humans is challenging and often requires large cohorts, complicated study designs, and longitudinal set‐ups. In contrast, rodent models offer an ideal system to study the influence of individual environmental aspects under controlled genetic background and standardized conditions. In this review, we highlight findings from studies examining effects of environmental enrichment mimicking stimulation of the brain by its physical and social surroundings as well as of environmental stressors on brain health in the context of Parkinson’s disease. We discuss possible internal molecular transducers of such environmental cues in Parkinson’s disease rodent models and emphasize their potential in developing novel avenues to much‐needed therapies for this still incurable disease. ![]()
This article is part of the Special Issue “Synuclein”
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinah Wassouf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Sotiropoulos I, Silva JM, Gomes P, Sousa N, Almeida OFX. Stress and the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1184:241-257. [PMID: 32096043 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with a complex physiopathology whose initiators are poorly defined. Accumulating clinical and experimental evidence suggests a causal role of lifetime stress in AD. This chapter summarizes current knowledge about how chronic stress and its accompanying high levels of glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, trigger the two main pathomechanisms of AD: (i) misprocessing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the generation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and (ii) Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. Given that depression is a well-known stress-related illness, and the evidence that depression may precede AD, this chapter also explores neurobiological mechanisms that may be common to depressive and AD pathologies. This review also discusses emerging insights into the role of Tau and its malfunction in disrupting neuronal cascades and neuroplasticity and, thus triggering brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joana M Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patricia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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23
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Chronic noise exposure exacerbates AD-like neuropathology in SAMP8 mice in relation to Wnt signaling in the PFC and hippocampus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14622. [PMID: 30279527 PMCID: PMC6168589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-genetic environmental hazards are thought to be associated with genetic susceptibility factors that increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aging and chronic noise exposure have been considered important factors in the AD. Here, we investigated the impact of chronic noise exposure on the AD-like neuropathology in the senescence-accelerated prone mouse (SAMP8) and the underlying mechanisms of such effects. We examined the consequences of AD-like neuropathology in 3-month-old SAMP8 mice using low- and high-intensity noise exposure and 8-month-old SAMP8 mice as aging positive controls. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine AD-like pathological changes and potential mechanisms. Chronic noise exposure led to progressive overproduction of Aβ and increased the hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser396, Thr205, and Thr231 sites in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in young SAMP8 mice, similar to that observed in aging SAMP8 mice. Both noise exposure and aging could cause a significant downregulation in Wnt signaling expression. These findings demonstrate that chronic noise stress exacerbated AD-like neuropathology, possibly by disrupting Wnt signaling and triggering aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ in the PFC and hippocampus.
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24
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Vaz-Silva J, Gomes P, Jin Q, Zhu M, Zhuravleva V, Quintremil S, Meira T, Silva J, Dioli C, Soares-Cunha C, Daskalakis NP, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I, Waites CL. Endolysosomal degradation of Tau and its role in glucocorticoid-driven hippocampal malfunction. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899084. [PMID: 30166454 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies implicate Tau as an essential mediator of neuronal atrophy and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the factors that precipitate Tau dysfunction in AD are poorly understood. Chronic environmental stress and elevated glucocorticoids (GC), the major stress hormones, are associated with increased risk of AD and have been shown to trigger intracellular Tau accumulation and downstream Tau-dependent neuronal dysfunction. However, the mechanisms through which stress and GC disrupt Tau clearance and degradation in neurons remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Tau undergoes degradation via endolysosomal sorting in a pathway requiring the small GTPase Rab35 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Furthermore, we find that GC impair Tau degradation by decreasing Rab35 levels, and that AAV-mediated expression of Rab35 in the hippocampus rescues GC-induced Tau accumulation and related neurostructural deficits. These studies indicate that the Rab35/ESCRT pathway is essential for Tau clearance and part of the mechanism through which GC precipitate brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vaz-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrícia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viktoriya Zhuravleva
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Neurobiology and Behavior Graduate Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Quintremil
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Torcato Meira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joana Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Chrysoula Dioli
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Clarissa L Waites
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA .,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Cell-Derived Peripheral Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 38:138-143. [PMID: 29420357 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and preclinical studies firmly support the involvement of the inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) being widely used in AD patients, there is no conclusive evidence about their impact on the inflammatory response. METHODS This study investigates peripheral proinflammatory cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and interleukins 1β [IL-1β] and 6 [IL-6]) by firstly comparing peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived secretion in drug-naïve and AChEI-treated AD patients versus healthy controls. A subset of those drug-naïve AD patients, who were prescribed the AChEI donepezil, was followed-up for 6 months to investigate if donepezil suppresses proinflammatory cell-derived cytokine secretion. RESULTS Patients with AD showed higher levels of PBMC-derived proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in comparison with healthy controls. On reexamination, previously drug-naïve AD patients who received donepezil treatment for 6 months displayed a decrease in cell-derived IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory PBMC-derived cytokines were increased in patients with AD in comparison with healthy controls and donepezil-reduced proinflammatory cytokines when examining drug-naïve AD patients before and after AChEI treatment.
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26
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Hatzinger M, Hemmeter U, Hirsbrunner T, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Leyhe T, Mall JF, Mosimann U, Rach N, Trächsel N, Savaskan E. [Not Available]. PRAXIS 2018; 107:127-144. [PMID: 29382263 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Diese Empfehlungen sollen dazu dienen, Fachpersonen das Wissen über die aktuelle Evidenz von Diagnostik und Therapie der Depression im Alter zur Verfügung zu stellen und damit zur frühzeitigen Erkennung und evidenzbasierten Behandlung beizutragen. Da für einige Behandlungsansätze nur rudimentär kontrollierte Studien vorliegen, wird auch das klinische Expertenwissen in die Beurteilung einbezogen. Im diagnostischen Vorgehen wird die besondere Symptomatik der Depression im Alter beleuchtet, auf die Suizidalität eingegangen und werden die häufig vorkommenden somatischen Komorbiditäten hervorgehoben. Auch Hypothesen zur Pathogenese, wie Neuroendokrinologie, Neurodegeneration und vaskuläre Faktoren, werden erläutert. In der Behandlung gilt heute ein integrierter biopsychosozialer Ansatz mit gezielten psychosozialen Interventionen, spezifischer Psychotherapie und einer antidepressiven Pharmakotherapie bei schweren Depressionen als sinnvoll. Daneben kommen auch chronobiologische oder Neurostimulationsverfahren zum Einsatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hatzinger
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
- 2 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (SGBP)
| | - Ulrich Hemmeter
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Therese Hirsbrunner
- 4 Schweizerischer Berufsverband der Pflegefachfrauen und Pflegefachmänner (SBK)
| | | | - Thomas Leyhe
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Jean-Frédéric Mall
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Urs Mosimann
- 2 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (SGBP)
| | - Nicole Rach
- 5 Schweizerische Fachgesellschaft für Gerontopsychologie (SFGP)
| | - Nathalie Trächsel
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Egemen Savaskan
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
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27
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Emerging role of amyloid beta in stress response: Implication for depression and diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Zufferey V, Donati A, Popp J, Meuli R, Rossier J, Frackowiak R, Draganski B, von Gunten A, Kherif F. Neuroticism, depression, and anxiety traits exacerbate the state of cognitive impairment and hippocampal vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2017; 7:107-114. [PMID: 28653033 PMCID: PMC5476972 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Certain personality traits are associated with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, similar to cognitive impairment. The identification of biological markers associated with personality in mild cognitive impairment could advance the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Methods We used hierarchical multivariate linear models to quantify the interaction between personality traits, state of cognitive impairment, and MRI biomarkers (gray matter brain volume, gray matter mean water diffusion) in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Results Over and above a main effect of cognitive state, the multivariate linear model showed significant interaction between cognitive state and personality traits predicting MTL abnormality. The interaction effect was mainly driven by neuroticism and its facets (anxiety, depression, and stress) and was associated with right-left asymmetry and an anterior to posterior gradient in the MTL. Discussion Our results support the hypothesis that personality traits can alter the vulnerability and pathoplasticity of disease and therefore modulate related biomarker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Zufferey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Donati
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julius Popp
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Meuli
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Rossier
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Frackowiak
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 314 95 93; Fax: +41 21 314 1256.
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29
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Lopes S, Teplytska L, Vaz-Silva J, Dioli C, Trindade R, Morais M, Webhofer C, Maccarrone G, Almeida OFX, Turck CW, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I, Filiou MD. Tau Deletion Prevents Stress-Induced Dendritic Atrophy in Prefrontal Cortex: Role of Synaptic Mitochondria. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2580-2591. [PMID: 27073221 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein in dendrites and synapses has been recently implicated in synaptic degeneration and neuronal malfunction. Chronic stress, a well-known inducer of neuronal/synaptic atrophy, triggers hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein and cognitive deficits. However, the cause-effect relationship between these events remains to be established. To test the involvement of Tau in stress-induced impairments of cognition, we investigated the impact of stress on cognitive behavior, neuronal structure, and the synaptic proteome in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Tau knock-out (Tau-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Whereas exposure to chronic stress resulted in atrophy of apical dendrites and spine loss in PFC neurons as well as significant impairments in working memory in WT mice, such changes were absent in Tau-KO animals. Quantitative proteomic analysis of PFC synaptosomal fractions, combined with transmission electron microscopy analysis, suggested a prominent role for mitochondria in the regulation of the effects of stress. Specifically, chronically stressed animals exhibit Tau-dependent alterations in the levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial transport and oxidative phosphorylation as well as in the synaptic localization of mitochondria in PFC. These findings provide evidence for a causal role of Tau in mediating stress-elicited neuronal atrophy and cognitive impairment and indicate that Tau may exert its effects through synaptic mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lopes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | | | - Joao Vaz-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Chrysoula Dioli
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Rita Trindade
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Monica Morais
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Christian Webhofer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.,Current address: Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
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30
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Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper in Central Nervous System Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8063-8070. [PMID: 27889894 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a large network of intercommunicating cells that function to maintain tissue health and homeostasis. Considerable evidence suggests that glucocorticoids exert both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative effects on the CNS. Glucocorticoids act by binding two related receptors in the cytoplasm, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The glucocorticoid receptor complex mediates cellular responses by transactivating target genes and by protein: protein interactions. The paradoxical effects of glucocorticoids on neuronal survival and death have been attributed to the concentration and the ratio of mineralocorticoid to glucocorticoid receptor activation. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a recently identified protein transcriptionally upregulated by glucocorticoids. Constitutively, expressed in many tissues including brain, GILZ mediates many of the actions of glucocorticoids. It mimics the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of glucocorticoids but exerts differential effects on stem cell differentiation and lineage development. Recent experimental data on the effects of GILZ following induced stress or trauma suggest potential roles in CNS diseases. Here, we provide a short overview of the role of GILZ in CNS health and discuss three potential rationales for the role of GILZ in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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31
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Toda S, Iguchi Y, Lin Z, Nishikawa H, Nagasawa T, Watanabe H, Minabe Y. Reconsidering Animal Models of Major Depressive Disorder in the Elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:188. [PMID: 27551264 PMCID: PMC4976092 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Toda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan; Hokuriku Dementia Professional Physician Training PlanKanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Iguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ziqiao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagasawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan; Hokuriku Dementia Professional Physician Training PlanKanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Minabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan; Hokuriku Dementia Professional Physician Training PlanKanazawa, Japan
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32
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Pinheiro BS, Lemos C, Neutzling Kaufmann F, Marques JM, da Silva-Santos CS, Carvalho E, Mackie K, Rodrigues RJ, Cunha RA, Köfalvi A. Hierarchical glucocorticoid-endocannabinoid interplay regulates the activation of the nucleus accumbens by insulin. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:222-30. [PMID: 27208730 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we asked if insulin activation of the nucleus accumbens in vitro is reflected by an increase in (3)H-deoxyglucose ([(3)H]DG) uptake, thus subserving a new model to study molecular mechanisms of central insulin actions. Additionally, we investigated the dependence of this insulin effect on endocannabinoids and corticosteroids, two major culprits in insulin resistance. We found that in acute accumbal slices, insulin (3 and 300nM but not at 0.3nM) produced an increase in [(3)H]DG uptake. The synthetic cannabinoid agonist, WIN55212-2 (500nM) and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (10μM), impaired insulin (300nM) action on [(3)H]DG uptake. The glucocorticoid receptor (GcR) antagonist, mifepristone (10μM) prevented dexamethasone from inhibiting insulin's action. Strikingly, this anti-insulin action of dexamethasone was also blocked by two CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) antagonists, O-2050 (500nM) and SR141716A (500nM), as well as by tetrahydrolipstatin (10μM), an inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipases-the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG). On the other hand, the blockade of the post-synaptic 2-AG metabolizing enzymes, α,β-serine hydrolase domain 6/12 by WWL70 (1μM) also prevented the action of insulin, probably via increasing endogenous 2-AG tone. Additionally, an anti-insulin receptor (InsR) antibody immunoprecipitated CB1Rs from accumbal homogenates, indicating a physical complexing of CB1Rs with InsRs that supports their functional interaction. Altogether, insulin stimulates glucose uptake in the nucleus accumbens. Accumbal GcR activation triggers the synthesis of 2-AG that in turn binds to the known CB1R-InsR heteromer, thus impeding insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S Pinheiro
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Joana M Marques
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla S da Silva-Santos
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ricardo J Rodrigues
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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33
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Lucas HD, Monti JM, McAuley E, Watson PD, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ. Relational memory and self-efficacy measures reveal distinct profiles of subjective memory concerns in older adults. Neuropsychology 2016; 30:568-578. [PMID: 27054441 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective memory concerns (SMCs) in healthy older adults are associated with future decline and can indicate preclinical dementia. However, SMCs may be multiply determined, and often correlate with affective or psychosocial variables rather than with performance on memory tests. Our objective was to identify sensitive and selective methods to disentangle the underlying causes of SMCs. METHOD Because preclinical dementia pathology targets the hippocampus, we hypothesized that performance on hippocampally dependent relational memory tests would correlate with SMCs. We thus administered a series of memory tasks with varying dependence on relational memory processing to 91 older adults, along with questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, and memory self-efficacy. We used correlational, regression, and mediation analyses to compare the variance in SMCs accounted for by these measures. RESULTS Performance on the task most dependent on relational memory processing showed a stronger negative association with SMCs than did other memory performance metrics. SMCs were also negatively associated with memory self-efficacy. These 2 measures, along with age and education, accounted for 40% of the variance in SMCs. Self-efficacy and relational memory were uncorrelated and independent predictors of SMCs. Moreover, self-efficacy statistically mediated the relationship between SMCs and depression and anxiety, which can be detrimental to cognitive aging. CONCLUSIONS These data identify multiple mechanisms that can contribute to SMCs, and suggest that SMCs can both cause and be caused by age-related cognitive decline. Relational memory measures may be effective assays of objective memory difficulties, while assessing self-efficacy could identify detrimental affective responses to cognitive aging. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Lucas
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jim M Monti
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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34
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Beblo T. Die Bedeutung kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen bei depressiven Patienten. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1024/1016-264x/a000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Beeinträchtigungen der Exekutivfunktionen, der Aufmerksamkeit und des Gedächtnisses sind einige der häufigsten und hartnäckigsten Symptome depressiver Störungen. Bisher konnte allerdings kein eindeutiges Profil dieser Defizite identifiziert werden, wahrscheinlich auch deshalb, weil die Defizite von verschiedenen klinischen und demografischen Faktoren, wie dem Depressionssubtypus, Grübeln, Komorbiditäten und Alter beeinflusst werden. Die kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen verbessern sich mit der Remission der Störung, häufig findet jedoch keine vollständige Rückbildung statt. Sie sind klinisch sehr relevant und gehen einher mit Suizidalität, reduzierten Therapieeffekten und negativen Auswirkungen auf Alltagsaktivitäten. Aus diesen Gründen ergibt sich für betroffene Patienten die Notwendigkeit einer neuropsychologischen Behandlung. Erste Ergebnisse lassen hoffen, dass die kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen mithilfe neuropsychologischer Therapie, Achtsamkeitstraining, psychopharmakologischer Therapie und weiteren neurobiologischen Behandlungen, wie z. B. der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation, erfolgreich behandelt werden können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beblo
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Bethel, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Bielefeld
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35
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Herbert J, Lucassen PJ. Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: Genes, steroids, cytokines and neurogenesis - What do we need to know? Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:153-71. [PMID: 26746105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression (MDD) is prodromal to, and a component of, Alzheimer's disease (AD): it may also be a trigger for incipient AD. MDD is not a unitary disorder, so there may be particular subtypes of early life MDD that pose independent high risks for later AD, though the identification of these subtypes is problematical. There may either be a common pathological event underlying both MDD and AD, or MDD may sensitize the brain to a second event ('hit') that precipitates AD. MDD may also accelerate brain ageing, including altered DNA methylation, increased cortisol but decreasing DHEA and thus the risk for AD. So far, genes predicting AD (e.g. APOEε4) are not risk factors for MDD, and those implicated in MDD (e.g. SLC6A4) are not risks for AD, so a common genetic predisposition looks unlikely. There is as yet no strong indication that an epigenetic event occurs during some forms of MDD that predisposes to later AD, though the evidence is limited. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are disturbed in some cases of MDD and in AD. GCs have marked degenerative actions on the hippocampus, a site of early β-amyloid deposition, and rare genetic variants of GC-regulating enzymes (e.g. 11β-HSD) predispose to AD. GCs also inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity, and thus episodic memory, a core symptom of AD. Disordered GCs in MDD may inhibit neurogenesis, but the contribution of diminished neurogenesis to the onset or progression of AD is still debated. GCs and cytokines also reduce BDNF, implicated in both MDD and AD and hippocampal neurogenesis, reinforcing the notion that those cases of MDD with disordered GCs may be a risk for AD. Cytokines, including IL1β, IL6 and TNFα, are increased in the blood in some cases of MDD. They also reduce hippocampal neurogenesis, and increased cytokines are a known risk for later AD. Inflammatory changes occur in both MDD and AD (e.g. raised CRP, TNFα). Both cytokines and GCs can have pro-inflammatory actions in the brain. Inflammation (e.g. microglial activation) may be a common link, but this has not been systematically investigated. We lack substantial, rigorous and comprehensive follow-up studies to better identify possible subtypes of MDD that may represent a major predictor for later AD. This would enable specific interventions during critical episodes of these subtypes of MDD that should reduce this substantial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Herbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chronic Stress and Glucocorticoids: From Neuronal Plasticity to Neurodegeneration. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6391686. [PMID: 27034847 PMCID: PMC4806285 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6391686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and stress hormones, glucocorticoids (GCs), exert widespread actions in central nervous system, ranging from the regulation of gene transcription, cellular signaling, modulation of synaptic structure, and transmission and glial function to behavior. Their actions are mediated by glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors which are nuclear receptors/transcription factors. While GCs primarily act to maintain homeostasis by inducing physiological and behavioral adaptation, prolonged exposure to stress and elevated GC levels may result in neuro- and psychopathology. There is now ample evidence for cause-effect relationships between prolonged stress, elevated GC levels, and cognitive and mood disorders while the evidence for a link between chronic stress/GC and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases is growing. This brief review considers some of the cellular mechanisms through which stress and GC may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and PD.
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On cognitive ecology and the environmental factors that promote Alzheimer disease: lessons from Octodon degus (Rodentia: Octodontidae). Biol Res 2016; 49:10. [PMID: 26897365 PMCID: PMC4761148 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive ecologist posits that the more efficiently an animal uses information from the biotic and abiotic environment, the more adaptive are its cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, this approach does not test for natural neurodegenerative processes under field or experimental conditions, which may recover animals information processing and decision making and may explain, mechanistically, maladaptive behaviors. Here, we call for integrative approaches to explain the relationship between ultimate and proximate mechanisms behind social behavior. We highlight the importance of using the endemic caviomorph rodent Octodon degus as a valuable natural model for mechanistic studies of social behavior and to explain how physical environments can shape social experiences that might influence impaired cognitive abilities and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease. We consequently suggest neuroecological approaches to examine how key elements of the environment may affect neural and cognitive mechanisms associated with learning, memory processes and brain structures involved in social behavior. We propose the following three core objectives of a program comprising interdisciplinary research in O. degus, namely: (1) to determine whether diet types provided after weaning can lead to cognitive impairment associated with spatial memory, learning and predisposing to develop Alzheimer disease in younger ages; (2) to examine if early life social experience has long term effects on behavior and cognitive responses and risk for development Alzheimer disease in later life and (3) To determine if an increase of social interactions in adult degu reared in different degree of social stressful conditions alter their behavior and cognitive responses.
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Sotiropoulos I, Sousa N. Tau as the Converging Protein between Chronic Stress and Alzheimer's Disease Synaptic Pathology. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 16:22-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000440844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Pinheiro S, Silva J, Mota C, Vaz-Silva J, Veloso A, Pinto V, Sousa N, Cerqueira J, Sotiropoulos I. Tau Mislocation in Glucocorticoid-Triggered Hippocampal Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4745-53. [PMID: 26328538 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to high glucocorticoids (GC) triggers neuronal atrophy and cognitive deficits, but the exact cellular mechanisms underlying the GC-associated dendritic remodeling and spine loss are still poorly understood. Previous studies have implicated sustained GC elevations in neurodegenerative mechanisms through GC-evoked hyperphosphorylation of the cytoskeletal protein Tau while Tau mislocation has recently been proposed as relevant in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In light of the dual cytoplasmic and synaptic role of Tau, this study monitored the impact of prolonged GC treatment on Tau intracellular localization and its phosphorylation status in different cellular compartments. We demonstrate, both by biochemical and ultrastructural analysis, that GC administration led to cytosolic and dendritic Tau accumulation in rat hippocampus, and triggered Tau hyperphosphorylation in epitopes related to its malfunction (Ser396/404) and cytoskeletal pathology (e.g., Thr231 and Ser262). In addition, we show, for the first time, that chronic GC administration also increased Tau levels in synaptic compartment; however, at the synapse, there was an increase in phosphorylation of Ser396/404, but a decrease of Thr231. These GC-triggered Tau changes were paralleled by reduced levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins such as PSD-95 and Shank proteins as well as reduced dendritic branching and spine loss. These in vivo findings add to our limited knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of GC-evoked synaptic atrophy and neuronal disconnection implicating Tau missorting in mechanism(s) of synaptic damage, beyond AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Mota
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Vaz-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Veloso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vítor Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Lucas M, Ilin Y, Anunu R, Kehat O, Xu L, Desmedt A, Richter-Levin G. Long-term effects of controllability or the lack of it on coping abilities and stress resilience in the rat. Stress 2014; 17:423-30. [PMID: 24882609 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2014.930430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings suggest that stress-induced impaired learning and coping abilities may be attributed more to the psychological nature of the stressor, rather than its physical properties. It has been proposed that establishing controllability over stressors can ameliorate some of its effects on cognition and behavior. Gaining controllability was suggested to be associated with the development of stress resilience. Based on repeated exposure to the two-way shuttle avoidance task, we previously developed and validated a behavioral task that leads to a strict dissociation between gaining controllability (to the level that the associated fear is significantly reduced) and a fearful state of uncontrollability. Employing this protocol, we investigated here the impact of gaining or failing to gain emotional controllability on indices of anxiety and depression and on subsequent abilities to cope with positively or negatively reinforcing learning experiences. In agreement with previous studies, rats exposed to the uncontrollable protocol demonstrated high concentration of sera corticosterone, increased immobility, reduced duration of struggling in the forced swim test and impaired ability to acquire subsequent learning tasks. Achieving emotional controllability resulted in resilience to stress as was indicated by longer duration of struggling in the forced swim test, and enhanced learning abilities. Our prolonged training protocol, with the demonstrated ability of rats to gain emotional controllability, is proposed as a useful tool to study the neurobiological mechanisms of stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Lucas
- The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience (ISAN), University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Larouche E, Hudon C, Goulet S. Potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an interdisciplinary perspective. Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:199-212. [PMID: 24893317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article is based on the premise that the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from its prodromal phase (mild cognitive impairment; MCI) is higher when adverse factors (e.g., stress, depression, and metabolic syndrome) are present and accumulate. Such factors augment the likelihood of hippocampal damage central in MCI/AD aetiology, as well as compensatory mechanisms failure triggering a switch toward neurodegeneration. Because of the devastating consequences of AD, there is a need for early interventions that can delay, perhaps prevent, the transition from MCI to AD. We hypothesize that mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) show promise with regard to this goal. The present review discusses the associations between modifiable adverse factors and MCI/AD decline, MBI's impacts on adverse factors, and the mechanisms that could underlie the benefits of MBI. A schematic model is proposed to illustrate the course of neurodegeneration specific to MCI/AD, as well as the possible preventive mechanisms of MBI. Whereas regulation of glucocorticosteroids, inflammation, and serotonin could mediate MBI's effects on stress and depression, resolution of the metabolic syndrome might happen through a reduction of inflammation and white matter hyperintensities, and normalization of insulin and oxidation. The literature reviewed in this paper suggests that the main reach of MBI over MCI/AD development involves the management of stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation. Future research must focus on achieving deeper understanding of MBI's mechanisms of action in the context of MCI and AD. This necessitates bridging the gap between neuroscientific subfields and a cross-domain integration between basic and clinical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Larouche
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | - Carol Hudon
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | - Sonia Goulet
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3.
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Zimprich A, Garrett L, Deussing JM, Wotjak CT, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, Wurst W, Hölter SM. A robust and reliable non-invasive test for stress responsivity in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:125. [PMID: 24782732 PMCID: PMC3995076 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and an altered stress response have been associated with many multifactorial diseases, such as psychiatric disorders or neurodegenerative diseases. As currently mouse mutants for each single gene are generated and phenotyped in a large-scale manner, it seems advisable also to test these mutants for alterations in their stress responses. Here we present the determinants of a robust and reliable non-invasive test for stress-responsivity in mice. Stress is applied through restraining the mice in tubes and recording behavior in the Open Field 20 min after cessation of the stress. Two hours, but not 15 or 50 min of restraint lead to a robust and reproducible increase in distance traveled and number of rearings during the first 5 min in the Open Field in C57BL/6 mice. This behavioral response is blocked by the corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone, but not by RU486 treatment, indicating that it depends on corticosteroid secretion, but is not mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor type II. We assumed that with a stress duration of 15 min one could detect hyper-responsivity, and with a stress duration of 2 h hypo-responsivity in mutant mouse lines. This was validated with two mutant lines known to show opposing effects on corticosterone secretion after stress exposure, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) over-expressing mice and CRH receptor 1 knockout (KO) mice. Both lines showed the expected phenotype, i.e., increased stress responsivity in the CRH over-expressing mouse line (after 15 min restraint stress) and decreased stress responsivity in the CRHR1-KO mouse line (after 2 h of restraint stress). It is possible to repeat the acute stress test several times without the stressed animal adapting to it, and the behavioral response can be robustly evoked at different ages, in both sexes and in different mouse strains. Thus, locomotor and rearing behavior in the Open Field after an acute stress challenge can be used as reliable, non-invasive indicators of stress responsivity and corticosterone secretion in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Zimprich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany ; German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany ; German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany ; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg, Germany ; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg, Germany ; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg, Germany ; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany ; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München München, Germany ; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany ; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Germany ; Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, Technische Universität München München, Germany ; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. Munich, Germany ; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology München, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics Neuherberg, Germany ; German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg, Germany
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Santos NC, Costa PS, Cunha P, Portugal-Nunes C, Amorim L, Cotter J, Cerqueira JJ, Palha JA, Sousa N. Clinical, physical and lifestyle variables and relationship with cognition and mood in aging: a cross-sectional analysis of distinct educational groups. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:21. [PMID: 24605100 PMCID: PMC3932406 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is relevant to unravel the factors that may mediate the cognitive decline observed during aging. Previous reports indicate that education has a positive influence on cognitive performance, while age, female gender and, especially, depressed mood were associated with poorer performances across multiple cognitive dimensions (memory and general executive function). Herein, the present study aimed to characterize the cognitive performance of community-dwelling individuals within distinct educational groups categorized by the number of completed formal school years: “less than 4,” “4, completed primary education,” and “more than 4.” Participants (n = 1051) were randomly selected from local health registries and representative of the Portuguese population for age and gender. Neurocognitive and clinical assessments were conducted in local health care centers. Structural equation modeling was used to derive a cognitive score, and hierarchical linear regressions were conducted for each educational group. Education, age and depressed mood were significant variables in directly explaining the obtained cognitive score, while gender was found to be an indirect variable. In all educational groups, mood was the most significant factor with effect on cognitive performance. Specifically, a depressed mood led to lower cognitive performance. The clinical disease indices cardiac and stroke associated with a more negative mood, while moderate increases in BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity associated positively with improved mood and thus benefitted cognitive performance. Results warrant further research on the cause-effect (longitudinal) relationship between clinical indices of disease and risk factors and mood and cognition throughout aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine C Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center - Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrício S Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center - Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave - EPE Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carlos Portugal-Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center - Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Liliana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center - Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cotter
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave - EPE Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João J Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center - Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana A Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center - Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center - Braga Braga, Portugal
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Differential impact of chronic stress along the hippocampal dorsal–ventral axis. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1205-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Partial Recovery of Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Neural Cytotoxicity through the Application of a Static Magnetic Field. BIONANOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-013-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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46
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Stankiewicz AM, Swiergiel AH, Lisowski P. Epigenetics of stress adaptations in the brain. Brain Res Bull 2013; 98:76-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Propranolol reduces cognitive deficits, amyloid β levels, tau phosphorylation and insulin resistance in response to chronic corticosterone administration. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013. [PMID: 23194475 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids might result not only in insulin resistance or cognitive deficits, but it is also considered as a risk factor for pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease. Propranolol is a β-adrenergic antagonist commonly used in the treatment of hypertension or acute anxiety. The effects of propranolol (5 mg/kg) have been tested in a model of chronic corticosterone administration (100 μg/ml, 4 wk) in drinking water. Corticosterone administration led to cognitive impairment in the novel object recognition test that was reversed by propranolol. Increased levels of Aβ in the hippocampus of corticosterone-treated mice were counteracted by propranolol treatment, purportedly through an increased IDE expression. Chronic corticosterone treatment induced responses characteristic of insulin resistance, as increased peripheral insulin levels, decreased activation of the insulin receptor (pIR) and decreased associated intracellular pathways (pAkt). These effects might be related to a decreased c-Jun N terminal kinase 1 expression. Again, propranolol was able to counteract all corticosterone-induced effects. One of the main kinases involved in tau phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which is inactivated by phosphorylation by pAkt, was found to be decreased after corticosterone and increased after propranolol treatment. Concomitant changes in pTau expression were found. Overall, these data further strengthen the potential of propranolol as a therapeutic agent for pathologies associated with the interaction glucocorticoids-insulin resistance and the development of relevant cellular processes for Alzheimer's disease.
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Millan MJ. An epigenetic framework for neurodevelopmental disorders: from pathogenesis to potential therapy. Neuropharmacology 2012; 68:2-82. [PMID: 23246909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by aberrant and delayed early-life development of the brain, leading to deficits in language, cognition, motor behaviour and other functional domains, often accompanied by somatic symptoms. Environmental factors like perinatal infection, malnutrition and trauma can increase the risk of the heterogeneous, multifactorial and polygenic disorders, autism and schizophrenia. Conversely, discrete genetic anomalies are involved in Down, Rett and Fragile X syndromes, tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis, the less familiar Phelan-McDermid, Sotos, Kleefstra, Coffin-Lowry and "ATRX" syndromes, and the disorders of imprinting, Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. NDDs have been termed "synaptopathies" in reference to structural and functional disturbance of synaptic plasticity, several involve abnormal Ras-Kinase signalling ("rasopathies"), and many are characterized by disrupted cerebral connectivity and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission. However, at a different level of integration, NDDs are accompanied by aberrant "epigenetic" regulation of processes critical for normal and orderly development of the brain. Epigenetics refers to potentially-heritable (by mitosis and/or meiosis) mechanisms controlling gene expression without changes in DNA sequence. In certain NDDs, prototypical epigenetic processes of DNA methylation and covalent histone marking are impacted. Conversely, others involve anomalies in chromatin-modelling, mRNA splicing/editing, mRNA translation, ribosome biogenesis and/or the regulatory actions of small nucleolar RNAs and micro-RNAs. Since epigenetic mechanisms are modifiable, this raises the hope of novel therapy, though questions remain concerning efficacy and safety. The above issues are critically surveyed in this review, which advocates a broad-based epigenetic framework for understanding and ultimately treating a diverse assemblage of NDDs ("epigenopathies") lying at the interface of genetic, developmental and environmental processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Unit for Research and Discovery in Neuroscience, IDR Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, Paris, France.
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Myers B, McKlveen JM, Herman JP. Neural Regulation of the Stress Response: The Many Faces of Feedback. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:10.1007/s10571-012-9801-y. [PMID: 22302180 PMCID: PMC3956711 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian stress response is an integrated physiological and psychological reaction to real or perceived adversity. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are an important component of this response, acting to redistribute energy resources to both optimize survival in the face of challenge and restore homeostasis after the immediate threat has subsided. Release of GCs is mediated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, driven by a neural signal originating in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Stress levels of GCs bind to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in multiple body compartments, including brain, and consequently have wide-reaching actions. For this reason, GCs serve a vital function in feedback inhibition of their own secretion. Fast, non-genomic feedback inhibition of the HPA axis is mediated at least in part by GC signaling in the PVN, acting by a cannabinoid-dependent mechanism to rapidly reduce both neural activity and GC release. Delayed feedback termination of the HPA axis response is mediated by forebrain GRs, presumably by genomic mechanisms. GCs also act in the brainstem to attenuate neuropeptidergic excitatory input to the PVN via acceleration of mRNA degradation, providing a mechanism to attenuate future responses to stressors. Thus, rather than having a single defined feedback switch, GCs work through multiple neurocircuits and signaling mechanisms to coordinate HPA axis activity to suit the overall needs of multiple body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 E. Galbraith Rd, Cincinnati, OH, 45237-0506, USA,
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Millan MJ, Agid Y, Brüne M, Bullmore ET, Carter CS, Clayton NS, Connor R, Davis S, Deakin B, DeRubeis RJ, Dubois B, Geyer MA, Goodwin GM, Gorwood P, Jay TM, Joëls M, Mansuy IM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Murphy D, Rolls E, Saletu B, Spedding M, Sweeney J, Whittington M, Young LJ. Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:141-68. [PMID: 22293568 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of psychiatric disorders have traditionally focused on emotional symptoms such as depression, anxiety and hallucinations. However, poorly controlled cognitive deficits are equally prominent and severely compromise quality of life, including social and professional integration. Consequently, intensive efforts are being made to characterize the cellular and cerebral circuits underpinning cognitive function, define the nature and causes of cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders and identify more effective treatments. Successful development will depend on rigorous validation in animal models as well as in patients, including measures of real-world cognitive functioning. This article critically discusses these issues, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for improving cognition in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290 Croissy/Seine, France.
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