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Sun T, Du YY, Zhang YQ, Tian QQ, Li X, Yu JY, Guo YY, Liu QQ, Yang L, Wu YM, Yang Q, Zhao MG. Activation of GPR55 Ameliorates Maternal Separation-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Augmenting 5-HT Synthesis in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus of Juvenile Mice. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21838-21850. [PMID: 38799363 PMCID: PMC11112691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) represents a profound early life stressor with enduring impacts on neuronal development and adult cognitive function in both humans and rodents. MS is associated with persistent dysregulations in neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonin (5-HT) pathway, which is pivotal for mood stabilization and stress-coping mechanisms. Although the novel cannabinoid receptor, GPR55, is recognized for its influence on learning and memory, its implications on the function and synaptic dynamics of 5-HT neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) remain to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to discern the repercussions of GPR55 activation on 5-HT synthesis within the DRN of adult C57BL/6J mice that experienced MS. Concurrently, we analyzed potential alterations in excitatory synaptic transmission, long-term synaptic plasticity, and relevant learning and memory outcomes. Our behavioral assessments indicated a marked amelioration in MS-induced learning and memory deficits following GPR55 activation. In conjunction with this, we noted a substantial decrease in 5-HT levels in the MS model, while GPR55 activation stimulated tryptophan hydroxylase 2 synthesis and fostered the release of 5-HT. Electrophysiological patch-clamp analyses highlighted the ability of GPR55 activation to alleviate MS-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the frequency and magnitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents within the DRN. Notably, this cognitive enhancement was underpinned by the phosphorylation of both NMDA and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. In summary, our findings underscore the capacity of GPR55 to elevate 5-HT synthesis and modify synaptic transmissions within the DRN of juvenile mice, positing GPR55 as a promising therapeutic avenue for ameliorating MS-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Ya-Ya Du
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department
of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force
Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xi Li
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jiao-Yan Yu
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air
Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
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Bratzu J, Ciscato M, Pisanu A, Talani G, Frau R, Porcu P, Diana M, Fumagalli F, Romualdi P, Rullo L, Trezza V, Ciccocioppo R, Sanna F, Fattore L. Communal nesting differentially attenuates the impact of pre-weaning social isolation on behavior in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1257417. [PMID: 37915532 PMCID: PMC10616881 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1257417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early social isolation (ESI) disrupts neurodevelopmental processes, potentially leading to long-lasting emotional and cognitive changes in adulthood. Communal nesting (CN), i.e., the sharing of parental responsibilities between multiple individuals in a nest, creates a socially enriching environment known to impact social and anxiety-related behaviors. Methods This study examines the effects of (i) the CN condition and of (ii) ESI during the 3rd week of life (i.e., pre-weaning ESI) on motor, cognitive, and emotional domains during adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats reared in the two different housing conditions, as well as (iii) the potential of CN to mitigate the impact of ESI on offspring. Results We found that in a spontaneous locomotor activity test, females exhibited higher activity levels compared to males. In female groups, adolescents reared in standard housing (SH) condition spent less time in the center of the arena, suggestive of increased anxiety levels, while the CN condition increased the time spent in the center during adolescence, but not adulthood, independently from ESI. The prepulse inhibition (PPI) test showed a reduced PPI in ESI adolescent animals of both sexes and in adult males (but not in adult females), with CN restoring PPI in males, but not in adolescent females. Further, in the marble burying test SH-ESI adolescent males exhibited higher marble burying behavior than all other groups, suggestive of obsessive-compulsive traits. CN completely reversed this stress-induced effect. Interestingly, ESI and CN did not have a significant impact on burying behavior in adult animals of both sexes. Discussion Overall, our findings (i) assess the effects of ESI on locomotion, sensorimotor gating, and compulsive-like behaviors, (ii) reveal distinct vulnerabilities of males and females within these domains, and (iii) show how early-life social enrichment may successfully counteract some of the behavioral alterations induced by early-life social stress in a sex-dependent manner. This study strengthens the notion that social experiences during early-life can shape emotional and cognitive outcomes in adulthood, and points to the importance of social enrichment interventions for mitigating the negative effects of early social stress on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bratzu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Ciscato
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Augusta Pisanu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talani
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Patrizia Porcu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- G.Minardi’ Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CPMB Science Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
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3
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Dettmer AM, Chusyd DE. Early life adversities and lifelong health outcomes: A review of the literature on large, social, long-lived nonhuman mammals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105297. [PMID: 37391110 PMCID: PMC10529948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Social nonhuman animals are powerful models for studying underlying factors related to lifelong health outcomes following early life adversities (ELAs). ELAs can be linked to lifelong health outcomes depending on the species, system, sensitive developmental periods, and biological pathways. This review focuses on the literature surrounding ELAs and lifelong health outcomes in large, social, relatively long-lived nonhuman mammals including nonhuman primates, canids, hyenas, elephants, ungulates, and cetaceans. These mammals, like humans but unlike the most-studied rodent models, have longer life histories, complex social structures, larger brains, and comparable stress and reproductive physiology. Collectively, these features make them compelling models for comparative aging research. We review studies of caregiver, social, and ecological ELAs, often in tandem, in these mammals. We consider experimental and observational studies and what each has contributed to our knowledge of health across the lifespan. We demonstrate the continued and expanded need for comparative research to inform about the social determinants of health and aging in both humans and nonhuman animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Dettmer
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Daniella E Chusyd
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Health and Wellness Design, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
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Magierecka A, Cooper B, Sloman KA, Metcalfe NB. Unpredictability of maternal environment shapes offspring behaviour without affecting stress-induced cortisol in an annual vertebrate. Horm Behav 2023; 154:105396. [PMID: 37399780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of females to stressful conditions during pregnancy or oogenesis has a profound effect on the phenotype of their offspring. For example, offspring behavioural phenotype may show altered patterns in terms of the consistency of behavioural patterns and their average level of performance. Maternal stress can also affect the development of the stress axis in offspring leading to alterations in their physiological stress response. However, the majority of evidence comes from studies utilising acute stressors or exogenous glucocorticoids, and little is known about the effect of chronic maternal stress, particularly in the context of stress lasting throughout entire reproductive lifespan. To bridge this knowledge gap, we exposed female sticklebacks to stressful and unpredictable environmental conditions throughout the breeding season. We quantified the activity, sheltering and anxiety-like behaviour of offspring from three successive clutches of these females, and calculated Intra-class Correlation Coefficients for these behaviours in siblings and half-siblings. We also exposed offspring to an acute stressor and measured their peak cortisol levels. An unpredictable maternal environment had no modifying effect on inter-clutch acute stress responsivity, but resulted in diversification of offspring behaviour, indicated by an increased between-individual variability within families. This may represent a bet-hedging strategy, whereby females produce offspring differing in behavioural phenotype, to increase the chance that some of these offspring will be better at coping with the anticipated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Magierecka
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ben Cooper
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Katherine A Sloman
- Institute for Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
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Talani G, Biggio F, Gorule AA, Licheri V, Saolini E, Colombo D, Sarigu G, Petrella M, Vedele F, Biggio G, Sanna E. Sex-dependent changes of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance in C57BL/6J mice exposed to neonatal repeated maternal separation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109301. [PMID: 36336069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The repeated maternal separation (RMS) is a useful experimental model useful in rodents to study the long-term influence of early-life stress on brain neurophysiology. We here investigated the influence of RMS exposure on hippocampal inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission, long-term synaptic plasticity and the related potential alterations in learning and memory performance in adult male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Mice were separated daily from their dam for 360 min, from postnatal day 2 (PND2) to PND17, and experiments were performed at PND 60. Patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons revealed a significant enhancement of GABAergic miniature IPSC (mIPSC) frequency, and a decrease in the amplitude of glutamatergic mEPSCs in male mice exposed to RMS. Only a slight but significant reduction in the amplitude of GABAergic mIPSCs was observed in females exposed to RMS compared to the relative controls. A marked increase in long-term depression (LTD) at CA3-CA1 glutamatergic synapses and in the response to the CB1r agonist win55,212 were detected in RMS male, but not female mice. An impaired spatial memory and a reduced preference for novelty was observed in males exposed to RMS but not in females. A single injection of β-ethynyl estradiol at PND2, prevented the changes observed in RMS male mice, suggesting that estrogens may play a protective role early in life against the exposure to stressful conditions. Our findings strengthen the idea of a sex-dependent influence of RMS on long-lasting modifications in synaptic transmission, effects that may be relevant for cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Talani
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Francesca Biggio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Ashish Avinash Gorule
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valentina Licheri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Eleonora Saolini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sarigu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Michele Petrella
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francescangelo Vedele
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Giovanni Biggio
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Monserrato, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Monserrato, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Kim EG, Chang W, Shin S, Adhikari AS, Seol GH, Song DY, Min SS. Maternal separation in mice leads to anxiety-like/aggressive behavior and increases immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase and parvalbumin in the adolescence ventral hippocampus. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:113-125. [PMID: 36575939 PMCID: PMC9806646 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that stressful events in early life influence behavior in adulthood and are associated with different psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Maternal separation (MS) is a representative animal model for reproducing childhood stress. It is used as an animal model for depression, and has well-known effects, such as increasing anxiety behavior and causing abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study investigated the effect of MS on anxiety or aggression-like behavior and the number of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. Mice were separated from their dams for four hours per day for 19 d from postnatal day two. Elevated plus maze (EPM) test, resident-intruder (RI) test, and counted glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or parvalbumin (PV) positive cells in the hippocampus were executed using immunohistochemistry. The maternal segregation group exhibited increased anxiety and aggression in the EPM test and the RI test. GAD67-positive neurons were increased in the hippocampal regions we observed: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. PV-positive neurons were increased in the DG, CA3, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. Consistent with behavioral changes, corticosterone was increased in the MS group, suggesting that the behavioral changes induced by MS were expressed through the effect on the HPA axis. Altogether, MS alters anxiety and aggression levels, possibly through alteration of cytoarchitecture and output of the ventral hippocampus that induces the dysfunction of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Gene Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea
| | - Wonseok Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea
| | - SangYep Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea,Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Anjana Silwal Adhikari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, Korea University School of Nursing, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea,Correspondence Dae-Yong Song, E-mail: , Sun Seek Min, E-mail:
| | - Sun Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea,Correspondence Dae-Yong Song, E-mail: , Sun Seek Min, E-mail:
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7
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Hanafi S, Zulkifli I, Ramiah S, Chung E, Kamil R, Awad E. Prenatal auditory stimulation induces physiological stress responses in developing embryos and newly hatched chicks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102390. [PMID: 36608455 PMCID: PMC9826867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress may evoke considerable physiological consequences on the developing poultry embryos and neonates. The present study aimed to determine prenatal auditory stimulation effects on serum levels of ceruloplasmin (CPN), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), corticosterone (CORT), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) regulations in developing chicken embryos and newly hatched chicks. Hatching eggs were subjected to the following auditory treatments; 1) control (no additional sound treatment other than the background sound of the incubator's compressors at 40 dB), 2) noise exposure (eggs were exposed to pre-recorded traffic noise at 90 dB) (NOISE), and 3) music exposure (eggs were exposed to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, K 488 at 90 dB) (MUSIC). The NOISE and MUSIC treatments were for 20 min/h for 24 h (a total of 8 h/d), starting from embryonic days (ED) 12 to hatching. The MUSIC (1.37 ± 0.1 ng/mL) and NOISE (1.49 ± 0.2 ng/mL) treatments significantly elevated CPN at ED 15 compared to the Control (0.82 ± 0.04 ng/mL) group and post-hatch day 1 (Control, 1.86 ± 0.2 ng/mL; MUSIC, 2.84 ± 0.4 ng/mL; NOISE, 3.04 ± 0.3 ng/mL), AGP at ED 15 (Control, 39.1 ± 7.1 mg/mL; MUSIC, 85.5 ± 12.9 mg/mL; NOISE, 85.4 ± 15.1 mg/mL) and post-hatch day 1 (Control, 20.4 ± 2.2 mg/mL; MUSIC, 30.5 ± 4.7 mg/mL; NOISE, 30.3 ± 1.4 mg/mL). CORT significantly increased at ED 15 in both MUSIC (9.024 ± 1.4 ng/mL) and NOISE (12.15 ± 1.6 ng/mL) compared to the Control (4.39 ± 0.7 ng/mL) group. On the other hand, MUSIC exposed embryos had significantly higher Hsp70 expression than their Control and NOISE counterparts at ED 18 (Control, 12.9 ± 1.2 ng/mL; MUSIC, 129.6 ± 26.4 ng/mL; NOISE, 13.3 ± 2.3 ng/mL) and post-hatch day 1 (Control, 15.2 ± 1.7 ng/mL; MUSIC, 195.5 ± 68.5 ng/mL; NOISE, 13.2 ± 2.7 ng/mL). In conclusion, developing chicken embryos respond to auditory stimulation by altering CPN, AGP, CORT, and Hsp70. The alterations of these analytes could be important in developing embryos and newly hatched chicks to cope with stress attributed to auditory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Hanafi
- School of Animal Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I. Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia,Corresponding author:
| | - S.K. Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E.L.T. Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. Kamil
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia,Laboratory of Computational Statistics and Operations Research, Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E.A. Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan
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8
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Zhang CC, Zhu LX, Shi HJ, Zhu LJ. The Role of Vesicle Release and Synaptic Transmission in Depression. Neuroscience 2022; 505:171-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Rosa DS, Frias AT, Vilela-Costa HH, Junior AS, Sant’Ana AB, Fusse EJ, Suchecki D, Campos AC, Lovick TA, Zangrossi H. Neonatal maternal deprivation facilitates the expression of a panic-like escape behavior in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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McBride SD, Roberts K, Hemmings AJ, Ninomiya S, Parker MO. The impulsive horse: comparing genetic, physiological and behavioral indicators to that of human addiction. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113896. [PMID: 35777460 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress and genotype elicit changes in impulse control in a range of species that are attributable to adaptations in both the central and peripheral nervous system. We examined aspects of this mechanism in the horse by assessing the effect of a dopamine receptor genotype (DRD4) and central dopaminergic tone (measured via spontaneous blink rate [SBR] and behavioral initiation rate [BIR]), on measures of impulsivity, compulsivity (3-choice serial reaction time task) and sympathetic/ parasympathetic system balance (heart rate variability [HRV]). Genotype did not have a significant effect on any of the parameters measured. SBR but not BIR correlated significantly with levels of impulsivity. There was no clear association of HRV parameters with either measures of central dopaminergic activity or impulsivity/compulsivity. Overall, some elements of the data suggest that the horse may be a useful animal model for assessing the genetic and environmental factors that lead to the physiological and behavioral phenotype of human addiction, particularly when considering the relationship between central dopaminergic tone and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D McBride
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA
| | - K Roberts
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6JS
| | - A J Hemmings
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6JS
| | - S Ninomiya
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - M O Parker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DT
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Sabzalizadeh M, Mollashahi M, Afarinesh MR, Mafi F, Joushy S, Sheibani V. Sex difference in cognitive behavioral alterations and barrel cortex neuronal responses in rats exposed prenatally to valproic acid under continuous environmental enrichment. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:513-527. [PMID: 35738908 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that can affect social interactions and sensory-motor behaviors. The present study investigates the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on behavioral alterations and neuron responses associated with the barrel cortex of young adult female and male rats exposed prenatally to valproic acid (VPA). Pregnant female rats were pretreated with either saline or VPA (500 mg/kg, IP) on day 12.5 of gestation. Male and female pups were exposed to either EE or standard-setting (non-enrichment) conditions for 1 month (between postnatal day [PND] 30 and 63-65) and were divided into non-EE (control), EE, VPA, and VPA + EE groups. Three-chamber sociability and social novelty, acoustic startle reflex, and texture discrimination tests were conducted on PND 62. Responses of barrel cortex neurons of male pups were evaluated using the extracellular single-unit recording technique on PND 63-65. Results showed that the performance of rats of both sexes in social interactions, texture discrimination tasks, and acoustic startle reflex significantly decreased in the VPA groups compared with the control rats (P < 0.05). In this regard, EE attenuated the altered deficit performance observed in the VPA animals compared with the VPA-EE animals (P < 0.05). The performance of females was better than males in the discrimination tasks and acoustic startle reflex. In contrast, males were better than females in the three-chamber social interaction test. Additionally, the excitatory receptive field response magnitude of the barrel cortex neurons in the VPA + EE group increased compared with the VPA group (P < 0.05). The results suggest that continuous EE can attenuate cognitive function disturbances in autistic-like rats and, at least at the behavioral level, the effects depend on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mollashahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mafi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushy
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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12
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Musillo C, Berry A, Cirulli F. Prenatal psychological or metabolic stress increases the risk for psychiatric disorders: the "funnel effect" model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104624. [PMID: 35304226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adverse stressful experiences in utero can redirect fetal brain development, ultimately leading to increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Obesity during pregnancy can have similar effects as maternal stress, affecting mental health in the offspring. In order to explain how similar outcomes may originate from different prenatal conditions, we propose a "funnel effect" model whereby maternal psychological or metabolic stress triggers the same evolutionarily conserved response pathways, increasing vulnerability for psychopathology. In this context, the placenta, which is the main mother-fetus interface, appears to facilitate such convergence, re-directing "stress" signals to the fetus. Characterizing converging pathways activated by different adverse environmental conditions is fundamental to assess the emergence of risk signatures of major psychiatric disorders, which might enable preventive measures in risk populations, and open up new diagnostics, and potentially therapeutic approaches for disease prevention and health promotion already during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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13
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Xu B, Zhang X, He Y, Liu C, Li L, Liu Q, Huang Y, Chen M, Ren B, Guo Y, Chen Y. The impacts of early-life adversity on striatal and hippocampal memory functions. Neuroscience 2022; 490:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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de Abreu MS, Giacomini ACVV, Genario R, Demin KA, Amstislavskaya TG, Costa F, Rosemberg DB, Sneddon LU, Strekalova T, Soares MC, Kalueff AV. Understanding early-life pain and its effects on adult human and animal emotionality: Translational lessons from rodent and zebrafish models. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136382. [PMID: 34861343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Critical for organismal survival, pain evokes strong physiological and behavioral responses in various sentient species. Clinical and preclinical (animal) studies markedly increase our understanding of biological consequences of developmental (early-life) adversity, as well as acute and chronic pain. However, the long-term effects of early-life pain exposure on human and animal emotional responses remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss experimental models of nociception in rodents and zebrafish, and summarize mounting evidence of the role of early-life pain in shaping emotional traits later in life. We also call for further development of animal models to probe the impact of early-life pain exposure on behavioral traits, brain disorders and novel therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscreening Platform, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA.
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medcial Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Fabiano Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil; Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Preventive Medicine, Maastricht Medical Center Annadal, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marta C Soares
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
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15
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Tanti A, Belliveau C, Nagy C, Maitra M, Denux F, Perlman K, Chen F, Mpai R, Canonne C, Théberge S, McFarquhar A, Davoli MA, Belzung C, Turecki G, Mechawar N. Child abuse associates with increased recruitment of perineuronal nets in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a possible implication of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1552-1561. [PMID: 34799691 PMCID: PMC9095471 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse (CA) is a strong predictor of psychopathologies and suicide, altering normal trajectories of brain development in areas closely linked to emotional responses such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Yet, the cellular underpinnings of these enduring effects are unclear. Childhood and adolescence are marked by the protracted formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which orchestrate the closure of developmental windows of cortical plasticity by regulating the functional integration of parvalbumin interneurons into neuronal circuits. Using well-characterized post-mortem brain samples, we show that a history of CA is specifically associated with increased densities and morphological complexity of WFL-labeled PNNs in the ventromedial PFC (BA11/12), possibly suggesting increased recruitment and maturation of PNNs. Through single-nucleus sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization, we found that the expression of canonical components of PNNs is enriched in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and that they are upregulated in CA victims. These correlational findings suggest that early-life adversity may lead to persistent patterns of maladaptive behaviors by reducing the neuroplasticity of cortical circuits through the enhancement of developmental OPC-mediated PNN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tanti
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Malosree Maitra
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Fanny Denux
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Kelly Perlman
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Frank Chen
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Refilwe Mpai
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Candice Canonne
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Stéphanie Théberge
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Ashley McFarquhar
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Catherine Belzung
- grid.12366.300000 0001 2182 6141UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Influence of DAT1 Promotor Methylation on Sports Performance. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091425. [PMID: 34573407 PMCID: PMC8464919 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian genome, DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a methyl group onto the C5 position of the cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine. DNA methylation regulates gene expression by recruiting proteins involved in gene repression or by inhibiting the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to DNA. As there are still many questions concerning the role of methylation in creating personality, we concentrated on searching for such associations. The research group was 100 sports male subjects (mean age = 22.88, SD = 6.35), whereas the control group included 239 healthy male volunteers matched for age (mean age = 21.69, SD = 3.39), both of European origin. The methods used in our research were as follows: DNA isolation, methylation-specific PCR, sequencing chromatophores, all conducted according to the manufacturer’s procedure. To evaluate personality traits, the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and STAI Inventory were used. We observed the existence of a statistically significant correlation for all the aspects of personality covered and CpG islands’ methylation. Nonetheless, we think that the tested group and the number of tested promotor islands in the DAT1 gene are still too small to make explicit conclusions, so it needs further profound analysis.
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17
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Chen Z, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Dong H, Jin W. Mast cells in the paraventricular nucleus participate in visceral hypersensitivity induced by neonatal maternal separation. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113113. [PMID: 33412227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) is a high-risk factor for the development of chronic visceral pain in adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that mast cells play a key role in the development of visceral hypersensitivity through interaction with neurons. The sensitization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of visceral pain. However, the precise mechanism by which mast cells and CRF neurons interact in the PVN in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity remains elusive. In the present study, we used neonatal maternal separation (MS), an ELS model, and observed that neonatal MS induced visceral hypersensitivity and triggered PVN mast cell activation in adult rats, which was repressed by intra-PVN infusion of the mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn). Wild-type (WT) mice but not mast cell-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice that had experienced neonatal MS exhibited chronic visceral hypersensitivity. MS was associated with an increase in the expression of proinflammatory mediators, the number of CRF+ cells and CRF protein in the PVN, which was prevented by intra-PVN infusion of cromolyn. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intra-PVN infusion of the mast degranulator compound 48/80 significantly induced mast cell activation, resulting in proinflammatory mediator release, CRF neuronal sensitization, and visceral hypersensitivity, which was suppressed by cromolyn. Overall, our findings demonstrated that neonatal MS induces the activation of PVN mast cells, which secrete numerous proinflammatory mediators that may participate in neighboring CRF neuronal activity, ultimately directly inducing visceral hypersensitivity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliate with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Dual Profile of Environmental Enrichment and Autistic-Like Behaviors in the Maternal Separated Model in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031173. [PMID: 33503967 PMCID: PMC7865216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental Enrichment (EE) has been suggested as a possible therapeutic intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Although the benefits of this therapeutic method have been reported in some animal models and human studies, the unknown pathophysiology of autism as well as number of conflicting results, urge for further examination of the therapeutic potential of EE in autism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of environmental enrichment on autism-related behaviors which were induced in the maternal separation (MS) animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Maternally separated (post-natal day (PND) 1-14, 3h/day) and control male rats were at weaning (PND21) age equally divided into rats housed in enriched environment and normal environment. At adolescence (PND42-50), the four groups were behaviorally tested for direct social interaction, sociability, repetitive behaviors, anxiety behavior, and locomotion. Following completion of the behavioral tests, the blood and brain tissue samples were harvested in order to assess plasma level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and structural plasticity of brain using ELISA and stereological methods respectively. RESULTS We found that environmental enrichment reduced repetitive behaviors but failed to improve the impaired sociability and anxiety behaviors which were induced by maternal separation. Indeed, EE exacerbated anxiety and social behaviors deficits in association with increased plasma BDNF level, larger volume of the hippocampus and infra-limbic region and higher number of neurons in the infra-limbic area (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that environmental enrichment has a significant improvement effect on the repetitive behavior as one of the core autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation but has negative effect on the anxiety and social behaviors which might have been modulated by BDNF.
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19
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Effah F, de Gusmão Taveiros Silva NK, Camarini R, Joly F, Rabot S, Bombail V, Bailey A. Region-specific sex modulation of central oxytocin receptor by gut microbiota: An ontogenic study. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:149-163. [PMID: 33389811 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a developmentally important neuropeptide recognized to play a dominant role in social functioning and stress-related behaviors, in a sex-dependent manner. Nonetheless, the underlining factors driving OT and OT receptor (OTR) early brain development remain unclear. Recent evidence highlight the critical influence of gut microbiota and its bidirectional interaction with the brain on neurodevelopment via the gut microbiota-brain axis. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of gut microbiota on the OTR system of the rat brain at different developmental stages in a pilot study. Quantitative OTR [125 I]-OVTA autoradiographic binding was carried out in the forebrain of male and female conventional (CON) and germ-free (GF) rats at postnatal days (PND) 8, 22, and 116-150. OTR binding was also assessed in the eyes of PND 1 and PND 4 GF female rats. Significant "microbiota × sex × region" interaction and age-dependent effects on OTR binding were demonstrated. Microbiota status influenced OTR levels in males but not females with higher levels of OTR observed in GF versus CON rats in the cingulate, prelimbic, and lateral/medial/ventral orbital cortex, and septum across all age groups, while sex differences were observed in GF, but not in CON rats. Interestingly, OTRs present in the eyes of CON rats were abolished in GF rats. This is the first study to uncover a sex-specific role of gut microbiota on the central OTR system, which may have implications in understanding the developmental neuroadaptations critical for behavioral regulation and the etiology of certain neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Effah
- Pharmacology Section, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Rosana Camarini
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Joly
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Bombail
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, St George's University of London, London, UK
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20
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Becker M, Pinhasov A, Ornoy A. Animal Models of Depression: What Can They Teach Us about the Human Disease? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:123. [PMID: 33466814 PMCID: PMC7830961 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is apparently the most common psychiatric disease among the mood disorders affecting about 10% of the adult population. The etiology and pathogenesis of depression are still poorly understood. Hence, as for most human diseases, animal models can help us understand the pathogenesis of depression and, more importantly, may facilitate the search for therapy. In this review we first describe the more common tests used for the evaluation of depressive-like symptoms in rodents. Then we describe different models of depression and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. These models can be divided into several categories: genetic models, models induced by mental acute and chronic stressful situations caused by environmental manipulations (i.e., learned helplessness in rats/mice), models induced by changes in brain neuro-transmitters or by specific brain injuries and models induced by pharmacological tools. In spite of the fact that none of the models completely resembles human depression, most animal models are relevant since they mimic many of the features observed in the human situation and may serve as a powerful tool for the study of the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of depression, especially since only few patients respond to acute treatment. Relevance increases by the fact that human depression also has different facets and many possible etiologies and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Becker
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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21
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Portugalov A, Akirav I. Do Adolescent Exposure to Cannabinoids and Early Adverse Experience Interact to Increase the Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence from Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020730. [PMID: 33450928 PMCID: PMC7828431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been growing concerns about the protracted effects of cannabis use in adolescents on emotion and cognition outcomes, motivated by evidence of growing cannabis use in adolescents, evidence linking cannabis use to various psychiatric disorders, and the increasingly perceived notion that cannabis is harmless. At the same time, studies suggest that cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential against the impacts of stress on the brain and behavior, and that young people sometimes use cannabinoids to alleviate feelings of depression and anxiety (i.e., “self-medication”). Exposure to early adverse life events may predispose individuals to developing psychopathology in adulthood, leading researchers to study the causality between early life factors and cognitive and emotional outcomes in rodent models and to probe the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we aim to better understand the long-term effects of cannabinoids administered in sensitive developmental periods (mainly adolescence) in rodent models of early life stress. We suggest that the effects of cannabinoids on emotional and cognitive function may vary between different sensitive developmental periods. This could potentially affect decisions regarding the use of cannabinoids in clinical settings during the early stages of development and could raise questions regarding educating the public as to potential risks associated with cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Portugalov
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Akirav
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
- Correspondence:
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22
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Unteroberdörster M, Herring A, Bendix I, Lückemann L, Petschulat J, Sure U, Keyvani K, Hetze S, Schedlowski M, Hadamitzky M. Neurobehavioral effects in rats with experimentally induced glioblastoma after treatment with the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108424. [PMID: 33285202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms as seen in affective and anxiety disorders frequently appear during glioblastoma (GBM) treatment and disease progression, additionally deteriorate patient's daily life routine. These central comorbidities are difficult to recognize and the causes for these effects are unknown. Since overactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)- signaling is one key driver in GBM growth, the present study aimed at examining in rats with experimentally induced GBM, neurobehavioral consequences during disease progression and therapy. Male Fisher 344 rats were implanted with syngeneic RG2 tumor cells in the right striatum and treated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (3 mg/kg; once daily, for eight days) before behavioral performance, brain protein expression, and blood samples were analyzed. We could show that treatment with rapamycin diminished GBM tumor growth, confirming mTOR-signaling as one key driver for tumor growth. Importantly, in GBM animals' anxiety-like behavior was observed but only after treatment with rapamycin. These behavioral alterations were moreover accompanied by aberrant glucocorticoid receptor, phosphorylated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase alpha (p-p70s6k), and brain derived neurotrophic factor protein expression in the hippocampus and amygdala in the non-tumor-infiltrated hemisphere of the brain. Despite the beneficial effects on GBM tumor growth, our findings indicate that therapy with rapamycin impaired neurobehavioral functioning. This experimental approach has a high translational value. For one, it emphasizes aberrant mTOR functioning as a central feature mechanistically linking complex brain diseases and behavioral disturbances. For another, it highlights the importance of elaborating the cause of unwanted central effects of immunosuppressive and antiproliferative drugs used in transplantation medicine, immunotherapy, and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Unteroberdörster
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I/ Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Petschulat
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Susann Hetze
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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Sordi AO, von Diemen L, Kessler FH, Schuch S, Ornell F, Kapczinski F, Pfaffenseller B, Gubert C, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Salum GA, Pechansky F. Effects of childhood trauma on BDNF and TBARS during crack-cocaine withdrawal. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2019; 42:214-217. [PMID: 31826099 PMCID: PMC7115455 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association between childhood trauma (CT) and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) during crack-cocaine withdrawal. Method: Thirty-three male crack-cocaine users were recruited at admission to a public addiction treatment unit. Serum BDNF and TBARS levels were evaluated at intake and discharge. Information about drug use was assessed by the Addiction Severity Index-6th Version (ASI-6); CT was reported throughout the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). CTQ scores were calculated based on a latent analysis model that divided the sample into low-, medium-, and high-level trauma groups. Results: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels from admission to discharge, which did not differ across CT subgroups. For TBARS levels, we found a significant time vs. trauma interaction (F2,28 = 6.357, p = 0.005,ηp2 = 0.312). In participants with low trauma level, TBARS decreased, while in those with a high trauma level, TBARS increased during early withdrawal. Conclusion: TBARS levels showed opposite patterns of change in crack-cocaine withdrawal according to baseline CT. These results suggest that CT could be associated with more severe neurological impairment during withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne O Sordi
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felix H Kessler
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Schuch
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Gubert
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanni A Salum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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24
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Keller SM, Nowak A, Roth TL. Female pups receive more maltreatment from stressed dams. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:824-831. [PMID: 30810229 PMCID: PMC6711830 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to developmental stress often diverge for males and females. Using the scarcity-adversity model of low nesting resources outside the home cage, our lab has discovered sex differences in both behavioral and epigenetic consequences of repeated exposure to caregiver maltreatment. For the measures we have performed to date, we have found more consequences for females. The reasons underlying this sex disparity are unknown. In the current experiment, we aimed to discern the quality of maternal care received by male and female pups in our model. As we have previously found more behavioral and epigenetic consequences in females, we hypothesized that females receive more adverse care compared to their male littermates. Our hypothesis was supported; in our maltreatment condition, we found that female pups received more adverse care than males. This sex difference in adverse care was not present in our two control conditions (cross-foster and normal maternal care). These data lend support to the notion that one reason females in our model incur more behavioral and epigenetic consequences is a result of greater mistreatment by the dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Keller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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25
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Vafadari B, Mitra S, Stefaniuk M, Kaczmarek L. Psychosocial Stress Induces Schizophrenia-Like Behavior in Mice With Reduced MMP-9 Activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:195. [PMID: 31555105 PMCID: PMC6726971 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains a major research challenge. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the present study, adolescent Mmp-9 heterozygous mice, with a genetically lower level of MMP-9, were subjected to resident-intruder psychosocial stress for 3 weeks and then examined in behavioral tests that evaluated cognitive deficits and positive- and negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia. Cognitive and positive symptoms in unstressed Mmp-9 heterozygous mice were unaffected by stress exposure, whereas negative symptoms were manifested only after stress exposure. Interestingly, negative symptoms were ameliorated by treatment with the antipsychotic drug clozapine. We describe a novel gene × environment interaction mouse model of schizophrenia. Lower MMP-9 levels in the brain might be a risk factor for schizophrenia that, in combination with environmental factors (e.g., psychosocial stress), may evoke schizophrenia-like symptoms that are sensitive to antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Vafadari
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
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26
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Carito V, Ceccanti M, Ferraguti G, Coccurello R, Ciafrè S, Tirassa P, Fiore M. NGF and BDNF Alterations by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:308-317. [PMID: 28847297 PMCID: PMC6482479 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170825101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is now widely established that the devastating effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the embryo and fetus development cause marked cognitive and neurobiological deficits in the newborns. The negative effects of the gestational alcohol use have been well documented and known for some time. However, also the subtle role of alcohol consumption by fathers prior to mating is drawing special attention. Objective Both paternal and maternal alcohol exposure has been shown to affect the neurotrophins' signalling pathways in the brain and in target organs of ethanol intoxication. Neurotrophins, in particular nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are molecules playing a pivotal role in the survival, development and function of the peripheral and central nervous systems but also in the pathogenesis of developmental defects caused by alcohol exposure. Methods New researches from the available literature and experimental data from our laboratory are presented in this review to offer the most recent findings regarding the effects of maternal and paternal prenatal ethanol exposure especially on the neurotrophins' signalling pathways. Results NGF and BDNF changes play a subtle role in short- and long-lasting effects of alcohol in ethanol target tissues, including neuronal cell death and severe cognitive and physiological deficits in the newborns. Conclusion The review suggests a possible therapeutic intervention based on the use of specific molecules with antioxidant properties in order to induce a potential prevention of the harmful effects of the paternal and/or maternal alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carito
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Center for Alcohol Abuse (Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio-CRARL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Ciafrè
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, (IFT-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome, Italy
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27
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miRNAs in depression vulnerability and resilience: novel targets for preventive strategies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1241-1258. [PMID: 31350592 PMCID: PMC6746676 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to stressful experiences during the prenatal period and through the first years of life is known to affect the brain developmental trajectories, leading to an enhanced vulnerability for the development of several psychiatric disorders later in life. However, not all the subjects exposed to the same stressful experience develop a pathologic condition, as some of them, activating coping strategies, become more resilient. The disclosure of mechanisms associated with stress vulnerability or resilience may allow the identification of novel biological processes and potential molecules that, if properly targeted, may prevent susceptibility or potentiate resilience. Over the last years, miRNAs have been proposed as one of the epigenetic mechanisms mediating the long-lasting effects of stress. Accordingly, they are associated with the development of stress vulnerability or resilience-related strategies. Moreover, miRNAs have been proposed as possible biomarkers able to identify subjects at high risk to develop depression and to predict the response to pharmacological treatments. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of findings from studies in rodents and humans focused on the involvement of miRNAs in the mechanisms of stress response with the final goal to identify distinct sets of miRNAs involved in stress vulnerability or resilience. In addition, we reviewed studies on alterations of miRNAs in the context of depression, showing data on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of the disease and in the efficacy of pharmacological treatments, discussing the potential utility of miRNAs as peripheral biomarkers able to predict the treatment response.
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28
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Regular Music Exposure in Juvenile Rats Facilitates Conditioned Fear Extinction and Reduces Anxiety after Foot Shock in Adulthood. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8740674. [PMID: 31380440 PMCID: PMC6662454 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8740674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Music exposure is known to play a positive role in learning and memory and can be a complementary treatment for anxiety and fear. However, whether juvenile music exposure affects adult behavior is not known. Two-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to music for 2 hours daily or to background noise (controls) for a period of 3 weeks. At 60 days of age, rats were subjected to auditory fear conditioning, fear extinction training, and anxiety-like behavior assessments or to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) assays. We found that the music-exposed rats showed significantly less freezing behaviors during fear extinction training and spent more time in the open arm of the elevated plus maze after fear conditioning when compared with the control rats. Moreover, the BDNF levels in the ACC in the music group were significantly higher than those of the controls with the fear conditioning session. This result suggests that music exposure in juvenile rats decreases anxiety-like behaviors, facilitates fear extinction, and increases BDNF levels in the ACC in adulthood after a stressful event.
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29
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Abstract
The developmental period constitutes a critical window of sensitivity to stress. Indeed, early-life adversity increases the risk to develop psychiatric diseases, but also gastrointestinal disorders such as the irritable bowel syndrome at adulthood. In the past decade, there has been huge interest in the gut-brain axis, especially as regards stress-related emotional behaviours. Animal models of early-life adversity, in particular, maternal separation (MS) in rodents, demonstrate lasting deleterious effects on both the gut and the brain. Here, we review the effects of MS on both systems with a focus on stress-related behaviours. In addition, we discuss more recent findings showing the impact of gut-directed interventions, including nutrition with pre- and probiotics, illustrating the role played by gut microbiota in mediating the long-term effects of MS. Overall, preclinical studies suggest that nutritional approaches with pro- and prebiotics may constitute safe and efficient strategies to attenuate the effects of early-life stress on the gut-brain axis. Further research is required to understand the complex mechanisms underlying gut-brain interaction dysfunctions after early-life stress as well as to determine the beneficial impact of gut-directed strategies in a context of early-life adversity in human subjects.
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30
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Kikusui T, Kanbara N, Ozaki M, Hirayama N, Ida K, Tokita M, Tanabe N, Mitsuyama K, Abe H, Yoshida M, Nagasawa M, Mogi K. Early weaning increases anxiety via brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3991. [PMID: 30850750 PMCID: PMC6408497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deprivation of maternal care during early development markedly affects emotional development, but the underlying neuromolecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In a mouse model of disrupted mother-infant relationship, early weaning causes long-term impacts on pups to exhibit increased corticosterone secretion, anxiety, and stress responses in their adulthood. Revealing the molecular mechanisms behind it would beneficial to ameliorating mental problems caused by abuse in childhood. We report that normalizing circulating corticosterone in early-weaned mice, either in adulthood or soon after weaning, ameliorated anxiety levels assessed in the plus maze test. Administering a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) reversed the effects of early weaning, whereas administering corticosterone increased anxiety levels, suggesting that the PFC is corticosterone’s target brain region. In the PFCs of early-weaned mice, we observed prolonged reductions in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and associated mRNAs. Anxiety in early-weaned mice was ameliorated by pretreatment with BDNF or a BDNF receptor agonist. In summary, early weaning increased anxiety levels by modulating glucocorticoid and BDNF signaling in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kanbara
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mariya Ozaki
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hirayama
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ida
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mika Tokita
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naho Tanabe
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kuriko Mitsuyama
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hatsuki Abe
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Miki Yoshida
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan.
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31
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Effects of commercial hatchery processing on short- and long-term stress responses in laying hens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2367. [PMID: 30787406 PMCID: PMC6382823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In commercial egg production, chicks are exposed to a potentially stressful procedure during their first day of life. Here, we investigated how this procedure affects the chickens in a short- as well as long-term perspective by conducting two behaviour tests and measuring corticosterone (CORT) and sex hormone levels at different time points. These results were compared with a group of control chickens from the same hatchery and incubator that did not go through the commercial hatchery routine. Chickens were continuously weighed, egg production data was collected and feather scoring was performed. We found that chicks have a significant increase in CORT during the hatchery process, which implies they are exposed to stress. During first weeks of life, these chicks were more fearful, had a higher CORT reactivity during restraint and weighed more than control chicks. Later in life, hatchery treated chickens had more feather damages and injuries on combs and wattles, a faster onset of egg laying and higher levels of estradiol. We conclude that processing at the commercial hatchery was a stressful event with short- and long-term effects on behaviour and stress reactivity, and potentially also positive effects on production. The results are relevant for a large number of individuals, since the chicken is by far the globally most common farm animal.
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32
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Mindfulness Meditation Reduces Intraocular Pressure, Lowers Stress Biomarkers and Modulates Gene Expression in Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2018; 27:1061-1067. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Maynard KR, Hobbs JW, Phan BN, Gupta A, Rajpurohit S, Williams C, Rajpurohit A, Shin JH, Jaffe AE, Martinowich K. BDNF-TrkB signaling in oxytocin neurons contributes to maternal behavior. eLife 2018; 7:33676. [PMID: 30192229 PMCID: PMC6135608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) transcription is controlled by several promoters, which drive expression of multiple transcripts encoding an identical protein. We previously reported that BDNF derived from promoters I and II is highly expressed in hypothalamus and is critical for regulating aggression in male mice. Here we report that BDNF loss from these promoters causes reduced sexual receptivity and impaired maternal care in female mice, which is concomitant with decreased oxytocin (Oxt) expression during development. We identify a novel link between BDNF signaling, oxytocin, and maternal behavior by demonstrating that ablation of TrkB selectively in OXT neurons partially recapitulates maternal care impairments observed in BDNF-deficient females. Using translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-sequencing we define a molecular profile for OXT neurons and delineate how BDNF signaling impacts gene pathways critical for structural and functional plasticity. Our findings highlight BDNF as a modulator of sexually-dimorphic hypothalamic circuits that govern female-typical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - John W Hobbs
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amolika Gupta
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sumita Rajpurohit
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Courtney Williams
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Anandita Rajpurohit
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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34
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Shimamoto A. Social Defeat Stress, Sex, and Addiction-Like Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 140:271-313. [PMID: 30193707 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Social confrontation is a form of social interaction in animals where two conspecific individuals confront each other in dispute over territory, during the formation of hierarchies, and during breeding seasons. Typically, a social confrontation involves a prevailing individual and a yielding individual. The prevailing individual often exhibits aggressive postures and launches attacks, whereas the yielding individual often adopts postures of defeat. The yielding or defeated animals experience a phenomenon known as social defeat stress, in which they show exaggerated stress as well as autonomic and endocrine responses that cause impairment of both the brain and body. In laboratory settings, one can reliably generate social defeat stress by allowing a naïve (or already defeated) animal to intrude into a home cage in which its resident has already established a territory or is nursing. This resident-intruder paradigm has been widely used in both males and females to study mechanisms in the brain that underlie the stress responses. Stress has profound effects on drug reward for cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, and opioids. Particularly, previous experiences with social defeat can exaggerate subsequent addiction-like behaviors. The extent of these addiction-like behaviors depends on the intensity, duration, frequency, and intermittency of the confrontation episodes. This chapter describes four types of social defeat stress: acute, repeated, intermittent, and chronic. Specifically, it focuses on social defeat stress models used in laboratories to study individual, sex, and animal strain differences in addiction-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.
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35
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Suchecki D. Maternal regulation of the infant's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response: Seymour 'Gig' Levine's legacy to neuroendocrinology. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12610. [PMID: 29774962 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirty years ago, Seymour 'Gig' Levine published a serendipitous, yet, seminal finding with respect to the regulatory role of maternal presence on the corticosterone stress response of neonatal rats during the developmental period known as the stress hyporesponsive period. At the same time, his group of students also investigated the stress response of infant monkeys with respect to maternal separation, as a means of understanding the stress to the primary caregiver resulting from disruptions of attachment. Gig and his group of students and collaborators, mainly in the USA and the Netherlands, investigated how initial social relationships buffer the stress response of nonhuman primates and rodent infants. His work in rodents involved determining how prolonged deprivation of maternal care disinhibits the stress response of neonates and how maternal behaviours regulate specific aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Maternal deprivation for 24 hours was useful for determining the importance of nutrition in suppressing the corticosterone stress response, whereas anogenital licking and grooming inhibited stress-induced adrenocortoctrophic hormone release, with the combination of both behaviours preventing the effects of maternal deprivation on the central hypothalamic stress response. Levine's group also studied the consequences of maternal deprivation on basal and stress-induced activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in juveniles and the persistent effects of the replacement of maternal behaviours on these parameters. Gig's legacy allowed many groups around the world to use the 24-hour maternal deprivation paradigm as an animal model of vulnerability and resilience to stress-related psychiatric disorders, as well as in studies of the neurobiological underpinnings of disruption of the mother-infant relationship and loss of parental care, a highly prevalent condition in humans. This review pays homage to a great scientist and mentor, whose discoveries paved the way for the understanding of how early social relationsships build resilience or lead to susceptibility to emotional disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Neonatal maternal deprivation impairs localized de novo activity-induced protein translation at the synapse in the rat hippocampus. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180118. [PMID: 29700212 PMCID: PMC5997792 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal neuropsychiatric stress induces alterations in neurodevelopment that can lead to irreversible damage to neuronal physiology, and social, behavioral, and cognitive skills. In addition, this culminates to an elevated vulnerability to stress and anxiety later in life. Developmental deficits in hippocampal synaptic function and plasticity are among the primary contributors of detrimental alterations in brain function induced by early-life stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Localized protein translation, occurring at the synapse and triggered by neuronal activity, is critical for synapse function, maintenance, and plasticity. We used a rodent model of chronic maternal deprivation to characterize the effects of early-life neuropsychiatric stress on localized de novo protein translation at synaptic connections between neurons. Synaptoneurosomal preparations isolated biochemically from the hippocampi of rat pups that were subjected to maternal deprivation were deficient in depolarization-induced activity-dependent protein translation when compared with littermate controls. Conversely, basal unstimulated protein translation was not affected. Moreover, deficits in activity-driven synaptic protein translation were significantly correlated with a reduction in phosphorylated cell survival protein kinase protein B or Akt (p473 Ser and p308 Thr), but not phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
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Katahira T, Miyazaki N, Motoyama J. Immediate effects of maternal separation on the development of interneurons derived from medial ganglionic eminence in the neonatal mouse hippocampus. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:278-290. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Katahira
- Organization of Advanced Research and Education; Doshisha University; Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Jun Motoyama
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology; Graduate School of Brain Science; Doshisha University; Kyoto Japan
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Broin PÓ, Beckert MV, Takahashi T, Izumi T, Ye K, Kang G, Pouso P, Topolski M, Pena JL, Hiroi N. Computational Analysis of Neonatal Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOUSE BIOLOGY 2018; 8:e46. [PMID: 29927553 PMCID: PMC6055925 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal vocalization is structurally altered in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our published data showed that pup vocalization, under conditions of maternal separation, contains sequences whose alterations in a genetic mouse model of ASD impair social communication between pups and mothers. We describe details of a method which reveals the statistical structure of call sequences that are functionally critical for optimal maternal care. Entropy analysis determines the degree of non-random call sequencing. A Markov model determines the actual call sequences used by pups. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) identifies call sequences that differentiate groups and reveals the degrees of individual variability in call sequences between groups. These three sets of analyses can be used to identify the otherwise hidden call structure that is altered in mouse models of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, including not only autism but also schizophrenia. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Applied Mathematics,
National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael V. Beckert
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tomohisa Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Takeshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gina Kang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Pouso
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mackenzie Topolski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jose L. Pena
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Noboru Hiroi
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx,
NY, USA
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Sukhanova YA, Volodina MA, Sebentsova EA, Glazova NY, Manchenko DM, Inozemtseva LS, Andreeva LA, Dolotov OV, Levitskaya NG. Long-Term Changes in Behavior and the Content of BDNF in the Rat Brain Caused by Neonatal Isolation: The Effects of an Analog of ACTH(4-10) Semax. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Developmental origins of adult health and disease: The metabolic role of BDNF from early life to adulthood. Metabolism 2018; 81:45-51. [PMID: 29217485 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the origins of adult disease may occur during fetal life. Thus, the concept of "developmental programming" has been introduced and supported by epidemiological and experimental data. This concept supports the idea that the nutritional and hormonal status during pregnancy could interfere in metabolism control. The mechanisms responsible for this "developmental programming" remain poorly documented. Current research indicates that neurotrophins and particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a crucial role in this process. Although mainly expressed in the nervous system, BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), are immunolocalized in several regions of the human placenta and have important functions during pregnancy. BDNF serves widespread roles in regulating energy homeostasis in both fetuses and adults, by controlling patterns of fetal growth, adult feeding and physical activity, and by regulating glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Impaired BDNF signaling may be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Novel BDNF-focused interventions are being developed for obesity, diabetes and neurological disorders. The aim of this article is to provide a brief comprehensive literary review regarding the potential implications of BDNF in "developmental programming", through regulation of metabolism and energy balance from early life to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Briana
- Department of Neonatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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41
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Giannopoulou I, Pagida MA, Briana DD, Panayotacopoulou MT. Perinatal hypoxia as a risk factor for psychopathology later in life: the role of dopamine and neurotrophins. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:25-32. [PMID: 29858855 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain development is influenced by various prenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal events which may interact with genotype to affect the neural and psychophysiological systems related to emotions, specific cognitive functions (e.g., attention, memory), and language abilities and thereby heighten the risk for psychopathology later in life. Fetal hypoxia (intrapartum oxygen deprivation), hypoxia-related obstetric complications, and hypoxia during the early neonatal period are major environmental risk factors shown to be associated with an increased risk for later psychopathology. Experimental models of perinatal hypoxia/ischemia (PHI) showed that fetal hypoxia-a consequence common to many birth complications in humans-results in selective long-term disturbances of the dopaminergic systems that persist in adulthood. On the other hand, neurotrophic signaling is critical for pre- and postnatal brain development due to its impact on the process of neuronal development and its reaction to perinatal stress. The aim of this review is (a) to summarize epidemiological data confirming an association of PHI with an increased risk of a range of psychiatric disorders from childhood through adolescence to adulthood, (b) to present immunohistochemical findings on human autopsy material indicating vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons of the human neonate to PHI that could predispose infant survivors of PHI to dopamine-related neurological and/or cognitive deficits in adulthood, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Giannopoulou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna A Pagida
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute, PO Box 66517, GR-15601, Papagou, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina D Briana
- Neonatal Unit, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria T Panayotacopoulou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute, PO Box 66517, GR-15601, Papagou, Athens, Greece.
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42
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Skilbeck KJ, Johnston GA, Hinton T. Long-lasting effects of early-life intervention in mice on adulthood behaviour, GABA A receptor subunit expression and synaptic clustering. Pharmacol Res 2018; 128:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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A Systematic Look at Environmental Modulation and Its Impact in Brain Development. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:4-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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A comparative perspective on lateral biases and social behavior. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 238:377-403. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Raineki C, Bodnar TS, Holman PJ, Baglot SL, Lan N, Weinberg J. Effects of early-life adversity on immune function are mediated by prenatal environment: Role of prenatal alcohol exposure. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:210-220. [PMID: 28698116 PMCID: PMC5650917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the early postnatal environment to the pervasive effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is poorly understood. Moreover, PAE often carries increased risk of exposure to adversity/stress during early life. Dysregulation of immune function may play a role in how pre- and/or postnatal adversity/stress alters brain development. Here, we combine two animal models to examine whether PAE differentially increases vulnerability to immune dysregulation in response to early-life adversity. PAE and control litters were exposed to either limited bedding (postnatal day [PN] 8-12) to model early-life adversity or normal bedding, and maternal behavior and pup vocalizations were recorded. Peripheral (serum) and central (amygdala) immune (cytokines and C-reactive protein - CRP) responses of PAE animals to early-life adversity were evaluated at PN12. Insufficient bedding increased negative maternal behavior in both groups. Early-life adversity increased vocalization in all animals; however, PAE pups vocalized less than controls. Early-life adversity reduced serum TNF-α, KC/GRO, and IL-10 levels in control but not PAE animals. PAE increased serum CRP, and levels were even higher in pups exposed to adversity. Finally, PAE reduced KC/GRO and increased IL-10 levels in the amygdala. Our results indicate that PAE alters immune system development and both behavioral and immune responses to early-life adversity, which could have subsequent consequences for brain development and later life health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlis Raineki
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Tamara S Bodnar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Parker J Holman
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samantha L Baglot
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ni Lan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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46
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Caregiver maltreatment causes altered neuronal DNA methylation in female rodents. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:477-489. [PMID: 28401839 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Negative experiences with a caregiver during infancy can result in long-term changes in brain function and behavior, but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. It is our central hypothesis that brain and behavior changes are conferred by early childhood adversity through epigenetic changes involving DNA methylation. Using a rodent model of early-life caregiver maltreatment (involving exposure to an adverse caregiving environment for postnatal days 1-7), we have previously demonstrated abnormal methylation of DNA associated with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult rats. The aim of the current study was to characterize Bdnf DNA methylation in specific cell populations within the mPFC. In the prefrontal cortex, there is approximately twice as many neurons as glia, and studies have recently shown differential and distinctive DNA methylation patterns in neurons versus nonneurons. Here, we extracted nuclei from the mPFC of adult animals that had experienced maltreatment and used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate cell types before performing bisulfite sequencing to estimate methylation of cytosine-guanine sites. Our data indicate that early-life stress induced methylation of DNA associated with Bdnf IV in a cell-type and sex-specific manner. Specifically, females that experienced early-life maltreatment exhibited greater neuronal cytosine-guanine methylation compared to controls, while no changes were detected in Bdnf methylation in males regardless of cell type. These changes localize the specificity of our previous findings to mPFC neurons and highlight the capacity of maltreatment to cause methylation changes that are likely to have functional consequences for neuronal function.
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47
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Akdeniz C, Schäfer A, Streit F, Haller L, Wüst S, Kirsch P, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Sex-Dependent Association of Perigenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Volume and Migration Background, an Environmental Risk Factor for Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:925-934. [PMID: 28969352 PMCID: PMC5472165 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Migration status is one of the best-established risk factors for schizophrenia. An increase in risk is observed in both first- and second-generation immigrants, with a varying magnitude depending on the ethnic background of the individuals. The underlying mechanisms for the increased risk are only recently coming into focus. A causal role for social stress has been widely proposed, and recent work indicated altered neural stress processing in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) in migrants. Since previous work shows that social stress may lead to enduring changes in the gray matter volume of vulnerable brain regions, we investigated the impact of migration background on brain structure. We studied healthy young adults (N = 124), native Germans and second-generation migrants, using whole-brain structural magnetic resonance imaging. Groups were matched for a broad range of sociodemographic characteristics including age, gender, urban exposure, and education. We found a significant group by sex interaction effect in pACC gray matter volume, which was reduced in males with migration background only. This mirrors previous findings in urban upbringing, another risk factor for schizophrenia. Our results provide convergent evidence for an impact of environmental risk factors linked to schizophrenia on gray matter volume and extend prior data by highlighting the possibility that the pACC structure may be particularly sensitive to the convergent risk factors linked to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Akdeniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,These authors contributed equally
| | - Axel Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,These authors contributed equally
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leila Haller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Present address: Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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48
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Panetta P, Berry A, Bellisario V, Capoccia S, Raggi C, Luoni A, Longo L, Riva MA, Cirulli F. Long-Term Sex-Dependent Vulnerability to Metabolic challenges in Prenatally Stressed Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:113. [PMID: 28706476 PMCID: PMC5489562 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PNS) might affect the developmental programming of adult chronic diseases such as metabolic and mood disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying such regulations may rely upon long-term changes in stress-responsive effectors such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) that can affect neuronal plasticity underlying mood disorders and may also play a role in metabolic regulation. Based upon previous data, we hypothesized that PNS might lead to greater vulnerability to an obesogenic challenge experienced at adulthood. In order to investigate our hypothesis, pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats underwent a chronic procedure of restraint stress during the last week of gestation. The adult offspring were then challenged with a high fat diet (HFD) over 8 weeks and tested for metabolic and emotional endpoints. Moreover, brain specific changes in Bdnf expression levels were also assessed. Overall, HFD resulted in increased caloric intake, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and higher circulating levels of leptin, while PNS increased the leptin/adiponectin ratio, an index of metabolic risk in adult male subjects. Interestingly, HFD consumption increased anxiety-like behaviors in the Elevated Plus Maze, particularly in males, and this effect was buffered by PNS. Levels of Bdnf were finely modulated by PNS and HFD in a region- and sex-dependent fashion: female offspring overall showed greater plasticity, possibly mediated through increased total Bdnf mRNA expression both in the hippocampus and in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, while the experience of maternal stress during intrauterine life promotes metabolic dysfunction induced by a HFD at adulthood, the interaction between PNS and HFD is positive in male subjects, and in agreement with the match-mismatch hypothesis, resulting in a reduction of anxious behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Panetta
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bellisario
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome, Italy
| | - Sara Capoccia
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome, Italy
| | - Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Linda Longo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome, Italy
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49
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Murínová J, Hlaváčová N, Chmelová M, Riečanský I. The Evidence for Altered BDNF Expression in the Brain of Rats Reared or Housed in Social Isolation: A Systematic Review. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:101. [PMID: 28620285 PMCID: PMC5449742 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that development and maintenance of neural connections are disrupted in major mental disorders, which indicates that neurotrophic factors could play a critical role in their pathogenesis. Stress is a well-established risk factor for psychopathology and recent research suggests that disrupted signaling via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in mediating the negative effects of stress on the brain. Social isolation of rats elicits chronic stress and is widely used as an animal model of mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. We carried out a systematic search of published studies to review current evidence for an altered expression of BDNF in the brain of rats reared or housed in social isolation. Across all age groups (post-weaning, adolescent, adult), majority of the identified studies (16/21) reported a decreased expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. There are far less published data on BDNF expression in other brain regions. Data are also scarce to assess the behavioral changes as a function of BDNF expression, but the downregulation of BDNF seems to be associated with increased anxiety-like symptoms. The reviewed data generally support the putative involvement of BDNF in the pathogenesis of stress-related mental illness. However, the mechanisms linking chronic social isolation, BDNF expression and the elicited behavioral alterations are currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Murínová
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nataša Hlaváčová
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdaléna Chmelová
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Riečanský
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovakia
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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50
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Mela V, Piscitelli F, Berzal AL, Chowen J, Silvestri C, Viveros MP, Di Marzo V. Sex-dependent effects of neonatal maternal deprivation on endocannabinoid levels in the adipose tissue: influence of diet. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:349-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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