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Saunders JM, Muguruza C, Sierra S, Moreno JL, Callado LF, Meana JJ, Beardsley PM, González-Maeso J. Glucocorticoid receptor dysregulation underlies 5-HT 2AR-dependent synaptic and behavioral deficits in a mouse neurodevelopmental disorder model. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102481. [PMID: 36100039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal environmental insults increase the risk of neurodevelopmental psychiatric conditions in the offspring. Structural modifications of dendritic spines are central to brain development and plasticity. Using maternal immune activation (MIA) as a rodent model of prenatal environmental insult, previous results have reported dendritic structural deficits in the frontal cortex. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying MIA-induced synaptic structural alterations in the offspring. Using prenatal (E12.5) injection with poly-(I:C) as a mouse MIA model, we show here that upregulation of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) is at least in part responsible for some of the effects of prenatal insults on frontal cortex dendritic spine structure and sensorimotor gating processes. Mechanistically, we report that this upregulation of frontal cortex 5-HT2AR expression is associated with MIA-induced reduction of nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and, consequently, a decrease in the enrichment of GR at the 5-HT2AR promoter. The translational significance of these preclinical findings is supported by data in postmortem human brain samples suggesting dysregulation of GR translocation in frontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. We also found that repeated corticosterone administration augmented frontal cortex 5-HT2AR expression and reduced GR binding to the 5-HT2AR promoter. However, virally (AAV)-mediated augmentation of GR function reduced frontal cortex 5-HT2AR expression and improved sensorimotor gating processes via 5-HT2AR. Together, these data support a negative regulatory relationship between GR signaling and 5-HT2AR expression in the mouse frontal cortex that may carry implications for the pathophysiology underlying 5-HT2AR dysregulation in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Saunders
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carolina Muguruza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Salvador Sierra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - José L Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Luis F Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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2
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Gil-Miravet I, Fuertes-Saiz A, Benito A, Almodóvar I, Ochoa E, Haro G. Prepulse Inhibition in Cocaine Addiction and Dual Pathologies. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020269. [PMID: 33672693 PMCID: PMC7924364 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is frequently associated with different psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder. A small number of studies have used prepulse inhibition (PPI) as a discriminating factor between these disorders. This work evaluated PPI and the phenotype of patients with cocaine-related disorder (CRD) who presented a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia or antisocial personality disorder. A total of 74 men aged 18–60 years were recruited for this research. The sample was divided into four groups: CRD (n = 14), CRD and schizophrenia (n = 21), CRD and antisocial personality disorder (n = 16), and a control group (n = 23). We evaluated the PPI and other possible vulnerability factors in these patients by using different assessment scales. PPI was higher in the CRD group at 30 ms (F(3, 64) = 2.972, p = 0.038). Three discriminant functions were obtained which allowed us to use the overall Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised score, reward sensitivity, and PPI at 30 ms to predict inclusion of these patients in the different groups with a success rate of 79.7% (42.9% for CRD, 76.2% for CRD and schizophrenia, 100% for CRD and antisocial personality disorder, and 91.3% in the control group). Despite the differences we observed in PPI, this factor is of little use for discriminating between the different diagnostic groups and it acts more as a non-specific endophenotype in certain mental disorders, such as in patients with a dual diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Gil-Miravet
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castellón, Spain; (I.G.-M.); (A.B.); (I.A.); (G.H.)
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fuertes-Saiz
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castellón, Spain; (I.G.-M.); (A.B.); (I.A.); (G.H.)
- Psychiatry Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, 12002 Castellón, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Benito
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castellón, Spain; (I.G.-M.); (A.B.); (I.A.); (G.H.)
- Torrente Mental Health Centre, Hospital General Universitario, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Almodóvar
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castellón, Spain; (I.G.-M.); (A.B.); (I.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Enrique Ochoa
- Molecular Biopathology Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, 12002 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castellón, Spain; (I.G.-M.); (A.B.); (I.A.); (G.H.)
- Psychiatry Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, 12002 Castellón, Spain
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3
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Hamilton HK, Roach BJ, Mathalon DH. Forecasting Remission From the Psychosis Risk Syndrome With Mismatch Negativity and P300: Potentials and Pitfalls. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:178-187. [PMID: 33431345 PMCID: PMC8128162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes vary for individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, ranging from conversion to a psychotic disorder to full remission from the risk syndrome. Given that most CHR individuals do not convert to psychosis, recent research efforts have turned toward identifying specific predictors of CHR remission, a task that is conceptually and empirically dissociable from the identification of predictors of conversion to psychosis, and one that may reveal specific biological characteristics that confer resilience to psychosis and provide further insights into the mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and those underlying a transient CHR syndrome. Such biomarkers may ultimately facilitate the development of novel early interventions and support the optimization of individualized care. In this review, we focus on two event-related brain potential measures, mismatch negativity and P300, that have attracted interest as predictors of future psychosis among CHR individuals. We describe several recent studies examining whether mismatch negativity and P300 predict subsequent CHR remission and suggest that intact mismatch negativity and P300 may reflect the integrity of specific neurocognitive processes that confer resilience against the persistence of the CHR syndrome and its associated risk for future transition to psychosis. We also highlight several major methodological concerns associated with these studies that apply to the broader literature examining predictors of CHR remission. Among them is the concern that studies that predict dichotomous remission versus nonremission and/or dichotomous conversion versus nonconversion outcomes potentially confound remission and conversion effects, a phenomenon we demonstrate with a data simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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4
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Hamilton HK, Boos AK, Mathalon DH. Electroencephalography and Event-Related Potential Biomarkers in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:294-303. [PMID: 32507388 PMCID: PMC8300573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes vary among youths at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), with approximately 20% progressing to full-blown psychosis over 2 to 3 years and 30% achieving remission. Recent research efforts have focused on identifying biomarkers that precede psychosis onset and enhance the accuracy of clinical outcome prediction in CHR-P individuals, with the ultimate goal of developing staged treatment approaches based on the individual's level of risk. Identifying such biomarkers may also facilitate progress toward understanding pathogenic mechanisms underlying psychosis onset, which may support the development of mechanistically informed early interventions for psychosis. In recent years, electroencephalography-based event-related potential measures with established sensitivity to schizophrenia have gained traction in the study of CHR-P and its clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the evidence for event-related potential abnormalities in CHR-P and discuss how they inform our understanding of information processing deficits as vulnerability markers for emerging psychosis and as indicators of future outcomes. Among the measures studied, P300 and mismatch negativity are notable because deficits predict conversion to psychosis and/or CHR-P remission. However, the accuracy with which these and other measures predict outcomes in CHR-P has been obscured in the prior literature by the tendency to only report group-level differences, underscoring the need for inclusion of individual predictive accuracy metrics in future studies. Nevertheless, both P300 and mismatch negativity show promise as electrophysiological markers of risk for psychosis, as target engagement measures for clinical trials, and as potential translational bridges between human studies and animal models focused on novel drug development for early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alison K Boos
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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5
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The effect of NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801, on neuronal mismatch along the rat auditory thalamocortical pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12391. [PMID: 32709861 PMCID: PMC7381643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient sensory processing requires that the brain maximize its response to unexpected stimuli, while suppressing responsivity to expected events. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential that occurs when a regular pattern is interrupted by an event that violates the expected properties of the pattern. According to the predictive coding framework there are two mechanisms underlying the MMN: repetition suppression and prediction error. MMN has been found to be reduced in individuals with schizophrenia, an effect believed to be underpinned by glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) dysfunction. In the current study, we aimed to test how the NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801 in the anaesthetized rat, affected repetition suppression and prediction error processes along the auditory thalamocortical pathway. We found that low-dose systemic administration of MK-801 differentially affect thalamocortical responses, namely, increasing thalamic repetition suppression and cortical prediction error. Results demonstrate an enhancement of neuronal mismatch, also confirmed by large scale-responses. Furthermore, MK-801 produces faster and stronger dynamics of adaptation along the thalamocortical hierarchy. Clearly more research is required to understand how NMDA-R antagonism and dosage affects processes contributing to MMN. Nonetheless, because a low dose of an NMDA-R antagonist increased neuronal mismatch, the outcome has implications for schizophrenia treatment.
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6
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Gogos JA, Crabtree G, Diamantopoulou A. The abiding relevance of mouse models of rare mutations to psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:37-51. [PMID: 30987923 PMCID: PMC6790166 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies using powerful family-based designs aided by large scale case-control studies, have been instrumental in cracking the genetic complexity of the disease, identifying rare and highly penetrant risk mutations and providing a handle on experimentally tractable model systems. Mouse models of rare mutations, paired with analysis of homologous cognitive and sensory processing deficits and state-of-the-art neuroscience methods to manipulate and record neuronal activity have started providing unprecedented insights into pathogenic mechanisms and building the foundation of a new biological framework for understanding mental illness. A number of important principles are emerging, namely that degradation of the computational mechanisms underlying the ordered activity and plasticity of both local and long-range neuronal assemblies, the building blocks necessary for stable cognition and perception, might be the inevitable consequence and the common point of convergence of the vastly heterogeneous genetic liability, manifesting as defective internally- or stimulus-driven neuronal activation patterns and triggering the constellation of schizophrenia symptoms. Animal models of rare mutations have the unique potential to help us move from "which" (gene) to "how", "where" and "when" computational regimes of neural ensembles are affected. Linking these variables should improve our understanding of how symptoms emerge and how diagnostic boundaries are established at a circuit level. Eventually, a better understanding of pathophysiological trajectories at the level of neural circuitry in mice, aided by basic human experimental biology, should guide the development of new therapeutics targeting either altered circuitry itself or the underlying biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Gogos
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Joseph A. Gogos ()
| | - Gregg Crabtree
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anastasia Diamantopoulou
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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7
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Miliano C, Marti M, Pintori N, Castelli MP, Tirri M, Arfè R, De Luca MA. Neurochemical and Behavioral Profiling in Male and Female Rats of the Psychedelic Agent 25I-NBOMe. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1406. [PMID: 31915427 PMCID: PMC6921684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe), commonly called “N-Bomb,” is a synthetic phenethylamine with psychedelic and entactogenic effects; it was available on the Internet both as a legal alternative to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and as a surrogate of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), but now it has been scheduled among controlled substances. 25I-NBOMe acts as full agonist on serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors. Users are often unaware of ingesting fake LSD, and several cases of intoxication and fatalities have been reported. In humans, overdoses of “N-Bomb” can cause tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, and agitation. Preclinical studies have not yet widely investigated the rewarding properties and behavioral effects of this compound in both sexes. Therefore, by in vivo microdialysis, we evaluated the effects of 25I-NBOMe on dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic (5-HT) transmissions in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male and female rats. Moreover, we investigated the effect of 25I-NBOMe on sensorimotor modifications as well as body temperature, nociception, and startle/prepulse inhibition (PPI). We showed that administration of 25I-NBOMe affects DA transmission in the NAc shell in both sexes, although showing different patterns; moreover, this compound causes impaired visual responses in both sexes, whereas core temperature is heavily affected in females, and the highest dose tested exerts an analgesic effect prominent in male rats. Indeed, this drug is able to impair the startle amplitude with the same extent in both sexes and inhibits the PPI in male and female rats. Our study fills the gap of knowledge on the behavioral effects of 25I-NBOMe and the risks associated with its ingestion; it focuses the attention on sex differences that might be useful to understand the trend of consumption as well as to recognize and treat intoxication and overdose symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Universirty of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Universirty of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Arfè
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Universirty of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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8
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Fuertes-Saiz A, Benito A, Mateu C, Carratalá S, Almodóvar I, Baquero A, Haro G. Sensorimotor Gating in Cocaine-Related Disorder with Comorbid Schizophrenia or Antisocial Personality Disorder. J Dual Diagn 2019; 15:243-253. [PMID: 31287382 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1633489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Schizophrenia, cocaine-related disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and psychopathy share biological bases, but few studies discriminate between these disorders by means of prepulse inhibition. This work studies the phenotype of patients with cocaine-related disorders who are vulnerable to presenting a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia or antisocial personality disorder, by evaluating their prepulse inhibition, impulsivity and psychopathy personality traits. Methods: The sample (n = 38) was divided into three groups: (1) cocaine-related disorder (8 individuals diagnosed with cocaine-related disorder who did not present any other mental disorder), (2) cocaine-related disorder and schizophrenia (n = 14), and (3) cocaine-related disorder and antisocial personality disorder (n = 16). Results: The prepulse inhibition in the two groups with dual diagnosis was lower than that in the cocaine-related disorder group, F(2, 35) = 6.52, p = .004, while there was no significant differences between the two dual-diagnosis groups. Psychopathy was evaluated with the revised Hare Psychopathy Checklist and showed no correlation with the prepulse inhibition. Secondary psychopathy (impulsivity and poor behavior control), as evaluated with Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, was related to the prepulse inhibition. Two discriminating functions were obtained that allowed prediction of patient inclusion in the groups using the prepulse inhibition and the revised Hare Psychopathy Checklist with a success rate of 81.6% (cocaine-related disorder = 62.5%; cocaine-related disorder and schizophrenia = 78.6%; cocaine-related disorder and antisocial personality disorder = 93.8%). These results are discussed in regard to the neurobiological implications of prepulse inhibition in dual diagnosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that the prepulse inhibition is a promising dual-diagnosis vulnerability marker in individuals with cocaine addiction, because prepulse inhibition deficits are related both to schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder. In addition, prepulse inhibition, which is considered a good endophenotype for studies on the genetic and neurobiological basis of cocaine-related disorder and schizophrenia, could be used in the same way in studies on antisocial personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Fuertes-Saiz
- TXP Research Group, Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Hospital Provincial de Castelló, Castelló, Spain
| | - Ana Benito
- TXP Research Group, Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Torrente Mental Health Center, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - César Mateu
- TXP Research Group, Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Carratalá
- TXP Research Group, Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Neurophysiology Department, Hospital General de Castelló, Castelló, Spain
| | - Isabel Almodóvar
- TXP Research Group, Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Hospital Provincial de Castelló, Castelló, Spain
| | - Abel Baquero
- TXP Research Group, Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Proyecto Amigó Foundation, Castelló, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- TXP Research Group, Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Hospital Provincial de Castelló, Castelló, Spain
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9
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Diamantopoulou A, Gogos JA. Neurocognitive and Perceptual Processing in Genetic Mouse Models of Schizophrenia: Emerging Lessons. Neuroscientist 2019; 25:597-619. [PMID: 30654694 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418819435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, the number of animal models of psychiatric disorders has grown exponentially. Of these, genetic animal models that are modeled after rare but highly penetrant mutations hold great promise for deciphering critical molecular, synaptic, and neurocircuitry deficits of major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Animal models should aim to focus on core aspects rather than capture the entire human disease. In this context, animal models with strong etiological validity, where behavioral and neurophysiological phenotypes and the features of the disease being modeled are in unambiguous homology, are being used to dissect both elementary and complex cognitive and perceptual processing deficits present in psychiatric disorders at the level of neurocircuitry, shedding new light on critical disease mechanisms. Recent progress in neuroscience along with large-scale initiatives that propose a consistent approach in characterizing these deficits across different laboratories will further enhance the efficacy of these studies that will ultimately lead to identifying new biological targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Diamantopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Gogos
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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MDMA alone affects sensorimotor and prepulse inhibition responses in mice and rats: tips in the debate on potential MDMA unsafety in human activity. Forensic Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-018-0444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Huo C, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhao T, Huang H, Ye H. Abnormalities in behaviour, histology and prefrontal cortical gene expression profiles relevant to schizophrenia in embryonic day 17 MAM-Exposed C57BL/6 mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:287-301. [PMID: 30056124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gestational and perinatal disruption of neural development increases the risk of developing schizophrenia (SCZ) later in life. Embryonic day 17 (E17) methylazoxymethanol (MAM) treatment leads to histological, physiological and behavioural abnormalities in post-puberty rats that model the neuropathological and cognitive deficits reported in SCZ patients. However, the validity of E17 MAM-exposed mice to model SCZ has not been explored. Here we treated E17 C57BL/6 mouse dams with various dosages of MAM. We found that this mouse strain was more vulnerable to MAM treatment than rats and there were gender differences in behavioural abnormalities, histological changes and prefrontal cortical gene expression profiles in MAM (7.5 mg/kg)-exposed mice. Both male and female MAM-exposed mice had deficits in prepulse inhibition. Female MAM-exposed mice exhibited mildly increased spontaneous locomotion activity and social recognition deficits, while male mice were normal. Consistently, only female MAM-exposed mice exhibited reduced brain weight, decreased size of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and enlarged lateral ventricles. Transcriptome analysis of the PFC revealed that there were more differentially expressed genes in female MAM-exposed mice than those in male mice. Moreover, expression of Pvalb, Arc and genes in their association networks were downregulated in the PFC of female MAM-exposed mice. These results indicate that E17 MAM-exposure in C57BL/6 mice leads to behavioural changes that model certain deficits reported in SCZ patients. MAM-exposed female mice may be used to study gene expression changes, inhibitory neural circuit dysfunction and glutamatergic synaptic plasticity deficits with a possible relation to those in the brains of SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jialu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huiling Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haihong Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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12
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Motomura E, Inui K, Nishihara M, Tanahashi M, Kakigi R, Okada M. Prepulse Inhibition of the Auditory Off-Response: A Magnetoencephalographic Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:152-158. [PMID: 28490194 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417708914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A weak preceding sound stimulus attenuates the startle response evoked by an intense sound stimulus. Like startle reflexes, change-related auditory responses are suppressed by a weak leading stimulus (ie, a prepulse). We aim to examine whether a prepulse inhibits cerebral responses to the sound offset and how the prepulse magnitude affects the degree of the prepulse inhibition (PPI). Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded the Off-P50m elicited by an offset of a train sound of 100-Hz clicks in 12 healthy subjects. A single click slightly louder (+1.5, +3, or +5 dB) than the background sound of 80 dB was inserted 50 ms before the sound offset as a prepulse. We performed a dipole source analysis of the Off-P50m, and we measured its latency and amplitude using the source strength waveforms. The origin of the Off-P50m was estimated to be the auditory cortex on both hemispheres. The Off-P50m was clearly attenuated by the prepulses, and the degree of PPI was greater with a louder prepulse. The Off-P50m is considered to be a simple change-related response, which does not overlap with a processing of incoming sounds. Thus, the Off-P50m and its PPI comprise a valuable tool for investigating the neural inhibitory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishi Motomura
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- 2 Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan.,3 Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- 4 Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Megumi Tanahashi
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- 3 Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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13
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Identification of TAAR5 Agonist Activity of Alpha-NETA and Its Effect on Mismatch Negativity Amplitude in Awake Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:442-451. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Wolfrum C, Peleg-Raibstein D. Maternal overnutrition leads to cognitive and neurochemical abnormalities in C57BL/6 mice. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 22:688-699. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1432096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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15
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Pratt JA, Morris B, Dawson N. Deconstructing Schizophrenia: Advances in Preclinical Models for Biomarker Identification. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:295-323. [PMID: 29721851 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered to develop as a consequence of genetic and environmental factors impacting on brain neural systems and circuits during vulnerable neurodevelopmental periods, thereby resulting in symptoms in early adulthood. Understanding of the impact of schizophrenia risk factors on brain biology and behaviour can help in identifying biologically relevant pathways that are attractive for informing clinical studies and biomarker development. In this chapter, we emphasize the importance of adopting a reciprocal forward and reverse translation approach that is iteratively updated when additional new information is gained, either preclinically or clinically, for offering the greatest opportunity for discovering panels of biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Importantly, biomarkers for identifying those at risk may inform early intervention strategies prior to the development of schizophrenia.Given the emerging nature of this approach in the field, this review will highlight recent research of preclinical biomarkers in schizophrenia that show the most promise for informing clinical needs with an emphasis on relevant imaging, electrophysiological, cognitive behavioural and biochemical modalities. The implementation of this reciprocal translational approach is exemplified firstly by the production and characterization of preclinical models based on the glutamate hypofunction hypothesis, genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia (reverse translation), and then the recent clinical recognition of the thalamic reticular thalamus (TRN) as an important locus of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia as informed by preclinical findings (forward translation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Brian Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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16
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McArthur RA. Aligning physiology with psychology: Translational neuroscience in neuropsychiatric drug discovery. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:4-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Talpos JC. Symptomatic thinking: the current state of Phase III and IV clinical trials for cognition in schizophrenia. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1017-1026. [PMID: 28461223 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that relieving the cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is crucial for improving patient quality of life. However effective pharmacotherapies for cognitive and negative symptoms do not currently exist. A review of ongoing Phase III clinical trials indicates that, despite numerous compounds being investigated for cognition in schizophrenia, few are actually novel and most are not backed by empirically driven preclinical research efforts. Based on these trials, and a general disinvestment in development of novel therapies for schizophrenia, the likelihood of a major advancement in treating cognitive differences in schizophrenia does not look promising. Possible ways in which the remaining resources for development of novel treatment for schizophrenia can best be leveraged are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Talpos
- National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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18
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Qvist P, Rajkumar AP, Redrobe JP, Nyegaard M, Christensen JH, Mors O, Wegener G, Didriksen M, Børglum AD. Mice heterozygous for an inactivated allele of the schizophrenia associated Brd1 gene display selective cognitive deficits with translational relevance to schizophrenia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:44-52. [PMID: 28341151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating brain disorder characterized by disturbances of emotion, perception and cognition. Cognitive impairments predict functional outcome in schizophrenia and are detectable even in the prodromal stage of the disorder. However, our understanding of the underlying neurobiology is limited and procognitive treatments remain elusive. We recently demonstrated that mice heterozygous for an inactivated allele of the schizophrenia-associated Brd1 gene (Brd1+/- mice) display behaviors reminiscent of schizophrenia, including impaired social cognition and long-term memory. Here, we further characterize performance of these mice by following the preclinical guidelines recommended by the 'Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS)' and 'Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS)' initiatives to maximize translational value. Brd1+/- mice exhibit relational encoding deficits, compromised working and long term memory, as well as impaired executive cognitive functioning with cognitive behaviors relying on medial prefrontal cortex being particularly affected. Akin to patients with schizophrenia, the cognitive deficits displayed by Brd1+/- mice are not global, but selective. Our results underline the value of Brd1+/- mice as a promising tool for studying the neurobiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark; H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Valby, Denmark
| | - Anto P Rajkumar
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jane H Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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19
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Gyertyán I. Cognitive ‘Omics’: Pattern-Based Validation of Potential Drug Targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:113-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Degroote S, Hunting D, Takser L. Improved assessment of sensorimotor gating in animal models relevant to ASD: A data modelling approach to quantify PrePulse Inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 276:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Sánchez-Morla EM, Mateo J, Aparicio A, García-Jiménez MÁ, Jiménez E, Santos JL. Prepulse inhibition in euthymic bipolar disorder patients in comparison with control subjects. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:350-9. [PMID: 27294331 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficient prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, indicating sensorimotor gating deficits, has been reported in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess sensorimotor gating deficits in patients with euthymic bipolar. Furthermore, we analysed the relationships between PPI and clinical and cognitive measures. METHOD Prepulse inhibition was measured in 64 patients with euthymic bipolar and in 64 control subjects matched for age, gender, education level and smoking status. Clinical characteristics and level of functioning were assessed in all participants using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Cognition was evaluated using the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the Stroop test as an additional measure of executive function. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with bipolar disorder exhibited PPI deficits at 60- and 120-millisecond prepulse-pulse intervals. Among patients with bipolar disorder, PPI was correlated with the social cognition domain of the MCCB. PPI was not significantly correlated with other clinical, functional and neurocognitive variables in either group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PPI deficit is a neurobiological marker in euthymic bipolar disorder, which is associated with social cognition but not with other clinical, functional or cognitive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Sánchez-Morla
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Mateo
- Innovation in Bioengineering Research Group, University of Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - A Aparicio
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - E Jiménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | - J L Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
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Dexras1 a unique ras-GTPase interacts with NMDA receptor activity and provides a novel dissociation between anxiety, working memory and sensory gating. Neuroscience 2016; 322:408-15. [PMID: 26946266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dexras1 is a novel GTPase that acts at a confluence of signaling mechanisms associated with psychiatric and neurological disease including NMDA receptors, NOS1AP and nNOS. Recent work has shown that Dexras1 mediates iron trafficking and NMDA-dependent neurodegeneration but a role for Dexras1 in normal brain function or psychiatric disease has not been studied. To test for such a role, mice with germline knockout (KO) of Dexras1 were assayed for behavioral abnormalities as well as changes in NMDA receptor subunit protein expression. Because Dexras1 is up-regulated during stress or by dexamethasone treatment, we included measures associated with emotion including anxiety and depression. Baseline anxiety-like measures (open field and zero maze) were not altered, nor were depression-like behavior (tail suspension). Measures of memory function yielded mixed results, with no changes in episodic memory (novel object recognition) but a significant decrement on working memory (T-maze). Alternatively, there was an increase in pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), without concomitant changes in either startle amplitude or locomotor activity. PPI data are consistent with the direction of change seen following exposure to dopamine D2 antagonists. An examination of NMDA subunit expression levels revealed an increased expression of the NR2A subunit, contrary to previous studies demonstrating down-regulation of the receptor following antipsychotic exposure (Schmitt et al., 2003) and up-regulation after exposure to isolation rearing (Turnock-Jones et al., 2009). These findings suggest a potential role for Dexras1 in modulating a selective subset of psychiatric symptoms, possibly via its interaction with NMDARs and/or other disease-related binding-partners. Furthermore, data suggest that modulating Dexras1 activity has contrasting effects on emotional, sensory and cognitive domains.
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23
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Talpos JC, Riordan J, Olley J, Waddell J, Steckler T. Opposing effects of glutamatergic and GABAergic pharmacological manipulations on a visual perception task with relevance to schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3967-76. [PMID: 26014109 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with differences in visual perception, and it has been proposed that the treatment of these differences may represent a novel means to treat disorders like schizophrenia. Unfortunately, few methods exist to study visual perception in pre-clinical species. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to adapt a task of visual integration by proximity with relevance to schizophrenia to a rodent touchscreen environment to determine the effects of glutamatergic and GABAergic compounds. In this way, we could evaluate the effects of common models of cognitive impairment, as well as the effects of net excitation versus inhibition, on a task of visual integration. METHOD Rats were trained to perform a visual discrimination where the stimuli were composed of rows of dots differing only in there horizontal and vertical proximity. Once stable performance had been achieved, animals were tested under the influence of glutamatergic or GABAergic drugs (ketamine, MK-801, PCP, memantine, chlordiazepoxide, or diazepam) while attempting to perform a visual discrimination with altered stimuli. RESULTS Ketamine appeared to impair perceptual grouping in this paradigm, while the GABA agonist chlordiazepoxide enhanced grouping even in the presence of non-selective effects. CONCLUSIONS In general, these findings support the theory that NMDA antagonists may disrupt visual grouping by proximity and highlight a potential beneficial effect of enhanced GABA activity in perception. However, additional research will be required to confirm the stimulus selectivity of this effect, and the clinical significance of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Talpos
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, 30 Turnhoutseweg, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - John Riordan
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, 30 Turnhoutseweg, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Joseph Olley
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, 30 Turnhoutseweg, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jason Waddell
- Open Analytics, 20 Jupiterstraat, 2600, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, 30 Turnhoutseweg, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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24
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Smucny J, Stevens KE, Olincy A, Tregellas JR. Translational utility of rodent hippocampal auditory gating in schizophrenia research: a review and evaluation. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e587. [PMID: 26101850 PMCID: PMC4490287 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired gating of the auditory evoked P50 potential is one of the most pharmacologically well-characterized features of schizophrenia. This deficit is most commonly modeled in rodents by implanted electrode recordings from the hippocampus of the rodent analog of the P50, the P20-N40. The validity and effectiveness of this tool, however, has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we summarize findings from studies that have examined the effects of pharmacologic modulation on gating of the rodent hippocampal P20-N40 and the human P50. We show that drug effects on the P20-N40 are highly predictive of human effects across similar dose ranges. Furthermore, mental status (for example, anesthetized vs alert) does not appear to diminish the predictive capacity of these recordings. We then discuss hypothesized neuropharmacologic mechanisms that may underlie gating effects for each drug studied. Overall, this review supports continued use of hippocampal P20-N40 gating as a translational tool for schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Olincy
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Nomura T, Oyamada Y, Fernandes HB, Remmers CL, Xu J, Meltzer HY, Contractor A. Subchronic phencyclidine treatment in adult mice increases GABAergic transmission and LTP threshold in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 100:90-7. [PMID: 25937215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated administration of non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) to rodents causes long-lasting deficits in cognition and memory, and has effects on behaviors that have been suggested to be models of the cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Despite this being a widely studied animal model, little is known about the long lasting changes in synapses and circuits that underlie the altered behaviors. Here we examined synaptic transmission ex-vivo in the hippocampus of mice after a subchronic PCP (scPCP) administration regime. We found that after at least one week of drug free washout period when mice have impaired cognitive function, the threshold for long-term potentiation (LTP) of CA1 excitatory synapses was elevated. This elevated LTP threshold was directly related to increased inhibitory input to CA1 pyramidal cells through increased activity of GABAergic neurons. These results suggest repeated PCP administration causes a long-lasting metaplastic change in the inhibitory circuits in the hippocampus that results in impaired LTP, and could contribute to the deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory in PCP-treated mice. Changes in GABA signaling have been described in patients with schizophrenia, therefore our results support using scPCP as a model of CIAS. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Synaptopathy--from Biology to Therapy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nomura
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Oyamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Herman B Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christine L Remmers
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anis Contractor
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Young JW, Geyer MA. Developing treatments for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: the challenge of translation. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:178-96. [PMID: 25516372 PMCID: PMC4670265 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114555252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a life-long debilitating mental disorder affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. The serendipitous discovery of antipsychotics focused pharmaceutical research on developing a better antipsychotic. Our understanding of the disorder has advanced however, with the knowledge that cognitive enhancers are required for patients in order to improve their everyday lives. While antipsychotics treat psychosis, they do not enhance cognition and hence are not antischizophrenics. Developing pro-cognitive therapeutics has been extremely difficult, however, especially when no approved treatment exists. In lieu of stumbling on an efficacious treatment, developing targeted compounds can be facilitated by understanding the neural mechanisms underlying altered cognitive functioning in patients. Equally importantly, these cognitive domains will need to be measured similarly in animals and humans so that novel targets can be tested prior to conducting expensive clinical trials. To date, the limited similarity of testing across species has resulted in a translational bottleneck. In this review, we emphasize that schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by abnormal cognitive behavior. Quantifying these abnormalities using tasks having cross-species validity would enable the quantification of comparable processes in rodents. This approach would increase the likelihood that the neural substrates underlying relevant behaviors will be conserved across species. Hence, we detail cross-species tasks which can be used to test the effects of manipulations relevant to schizophrenia and putative therapeutics. Such tasks offer the hope of providing a bridge between non-clinical and clinical testing that will eventually lead to treatments developed specifically for patients with deficient cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- JW Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - MA Geyer
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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27
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Mice with subtle reduction of NMDA NR1 receptor subunit expression have a selective decrease in mismatch negativity: Implications for schizophrenia prodromal population. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 73:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Medan V, Preuss T. The Mauthner-cell circuit of fish as a model system for startle plasticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:129-40. [PMID: 25106811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mauthner-cell (M-cell) system of teleost fish has a long history as an experimental model for addressing a wide range of neurobiological questions. Principles derived from studies on this system have contributed significantly to our understanding at multiple levels, from mechanisms of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity to the concepts of a decision neuron that initiates key aspects of the startle behavior. Here we will review recent work that focuses on the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological basis for modifications in the M-cell circuit. After summarizing the main excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the M-cell, we review experiments showing startle response modulation by temperature, social status, and sensory filtering. Although very different in nature, actions of these three sources of modulation converge in the M-cell network. Mechanisms of modulation include altering the excitability of the M-cell itself as well as changes in excitatory and inhibitor drive, highlighting the role of balanced excitation and inhibition for escape decisions. One of the most extensively studied forms of startle plasticity in vertebrates is prepulse inhibition (PPI), a sensorimotor gating phenomenon, which is impaired in several information processing disorders. Finally, we review recent work in the M-cell system which focuses on the cellular mechanisms of PPI and its modulation by serotonin and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Medan
- Dept. de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Thomas Preuss
- Psychology Dept. Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
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