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Jiang LP, Fu M, Yin N, Jia YM, Duan FY, Feng L, Yang L, Han HR, Wang J, Zhu T, Ji JZ, Tai T, Li XM, Zheng ZD, Ding PJ, Sun YL, Mi QY, Xie HG. Sex differences in the metabolic activation of and platelet response to vicagrel in mice: Androgen as a key player. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116564. [PMID: 39366431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
As a biological variable, sex influences the metabolism of and/or response to certain drugs. Vicagrel is being developed as an investigational new drug in China; however, it is unknown whether sex could affect its metabolic activation and platelet responsiveness. This study aimed to determine whether such differences could exist, and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Orchiectomized (ORX) or ovariectomized (OVX) mouse models were used to investigate the effects of androgen or estrogen on the metabolic activation of and platelet response to vicagrel. Plasma vicagrel active metabolite H4 concentrations, platelet inhibition of vicagrel, and protein levels of intestinal hydrolases Aadac and Ces2 were measured, respectively. Further, p38-MAPK signaling pathway was enriched, whose role was determined using SB202190. Results showed that female mice exhibited significantly elevated systemic exposure of H4 and enhanced platelet responses to vicagrel than males, and protein expression levels of Aadac and Ces2 differed by sex. OVX mice exhibited less changes than sham mice. ORX mice exhibited increases in protein levels of intestinal hydrolases, systemic exposure of H4, and platelet inhibition of vicagrel, but dihydrotestosterone (DHT) reversed these changes in ORX mice and suppressed these changes in OVX mice. Phosphorylated p38 levels were reduced in female or ORX mice but increased in ORX mice by DHT. SB202190 reversed DHT-induced changes observed in ORX mice. We concluded that sex differences exist in metabolic activation of and platelet response to vicagrel in mice through elevation of p38 phosphorylation by androgen, suggesting sex-based vicagrel dosage adjustments for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Jiang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Min Fu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Na Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu-Meng Jia
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fu-Yang Duan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hao-Ru Han
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jin-Zi Ji
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ting Tai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xue-Mei Li
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Zheng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Pei-Jie Ding
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ya-Lan Sun
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Mi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Hong-Guang Xie
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Kritzer MF, Adler A, Locklear M. Androgen effects on mesoprefrontal dopamine systems in the adult male brain. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00306-3. [PMID: 38977069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that males are more often and/or more severely affected by symptoms of prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and other disorders in which dopamine circuits associated with the prefrontal cortex are dysregulated. This review focuses on research showing that these dopamine circuits are powerfully regulated by androgens. It begins with a brief overview of the sex differences that distinguish prefrontal function in health and prefrontal dysfunction or decline in aging and/or neuropsychiatric disease. This review article then spotlights data from human subjects and animal models that specifically identify androgens as potent modulators of prefrontal cortical operations and of closely related, functionally critical measures of prefrontal dopamine level or tone. Candidate mechanisms by which androgens dynamically control mesoprefrontal dopamine systems and impact prefrontal states of hypo- and hyper-dopaminergia in aging and disease are then considered. This is followed by discussion of a working model that identifies a key locus for androgen modulation of mesoprefrontal dopamine systems as residing within the prefrontal cortex itself. The last sections of this review critically consider the ways in which the organization and regulation of mesoprefrontal dopamine circuits differ in the adult male and female brain, and highlights gaps where more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, United States.
| | - Alexander Adler
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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Holter KM, Lekander AD, Pierce BE, Sands LP, Gould RW. Use of Quantitative Electroencephalography to Inform Age- and Sex-Related Differences in NMDA Receptor Function Following MK-801 Administration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:237. [PMID: 38399452 PMCID: PMC10892193 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex- and age-related differences in symptom prevalence and severity have been widely reported in patients with schizophrenia, yet the underlying mechanisms contributing to these differences are not well understood. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction contributes to schizophrenia pathology, and preclinical models often use NMDA receptor antagonists, including MK-801, to model all symptom clusters. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) represents a translational approach to measure neuronal activity, identify targetable biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders and evaluate possible treatments. Abnormalities in gamma power have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and correspond to psychosis and cognitive impairment. Further, as gamma power reflects cortical glutamate and GABA signaling, it is highly sensitive to changes in NMDA receptor function, and NMDA receptor antagonists aberrantly increase gamma power in rodents and humans. To evaluate the role of sex and age on NMDA receptor function, MK-801 (0.03-0.3 mg/kg, SC) was administered to 3- and 9-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats that were implanted with wireless EEG transmitters to measure cortical brain function. MK-801-induced elevations in gamma power were observed in 3-month-old male and female and 9-month-old male rats. In contrast, 9-month-old female rats demonstrated blunted maximal elevations across a wide dose range. Importantly, MK-801-induced hyperlocomotor effects, a common behavioral screen used to examine antipsychotic-like activity, were similar across all groups. Overall, sex-by-age-related differences in gamma power support using qEEG as a translational tool to evaluate pathological progression and predict treatment response across a heterogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert W. Gould
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (K.M.H.)
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Pentz AB, Timpe CMF, Normann EM, Slapø NB, Melle I, Lagerberg TV, Steen NE, Westlye LT, Jönsson EG, Haukvik UK, Moberget T, Andreassen OA, Elvsåshagen T. Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders: Group and sex differences and associations with symptom severity. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:80-93. [PMID: 37716205 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research increasingly implicates glutamatergic dysfunction in the pathophysiologies of psychotic disorders. Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electroencephalography (EEG) waveform linked to glutamatergic neurotransmission and is consistently attenuated in schizophrenia (SCZ). MMN consists of two subcomponents, the repetition positivity (RP) and deviant negativity (DN) possibly reflecting different neural mechanisms. However, whether MMN reduction is present across different psychotic disorders, linked to distinct symptom clusters, or related to sex remain to be clarified. METHODS Four hundred participants including healthy controls (HCs; n = 296) and individuals with SCZ (n = 39), bipolar disorder (BD) BD typeI (n = 35), or BD type II (n = 30) underwent a roving MMN paradigm and clinical evaluation. MMN, RP and DN as well their memory traces were recorded at the FCZ electrode. Analyses of variance and linear regression models were used both transdiagnostically and within clinical groups. RESULTS MMN was reduced in SCZ compared to BD (p = 0.006, d = 0.55) and to HCs (p < 0.001, d = 0.63). There was a significant group × sex interaction (p < 0.003) and the MMN impairment was only detected in males with SCZ. MMN amplitude correlated positively with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score and negatively with Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score. The deviant negativity was impaired in males with SCZ. No group differences in memory trace indices of the MMN, DN, or RP. CONCLUSION MMN was attenuated in SCZ and correlated with greater severity of psychotic symptoms and lower level of functioning. Our results may indicate sex-dependent differences of glutamatergic function in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atle Bråthen Pentz
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Clara Maria Fides Timpe
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nora Berz Slapø
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Sciences, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Forensic Psychiatry Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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DuMont M, Agostinis A, Singh K, Swan E, Buttle Y, Tropea D. Sex representation in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders' preclinical and clinical studies. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106214. [PMID: 37385457 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies show the importance of biological sex for the onset, progression, and response to treatment in brain disorders. In line with these reports, health agencies have requested that all trials, both at the clinical and preclinical level, use a similar number of male and female subjects to correctly interpret the results. Despite these guidelines, many studies still tend to be unbalanced in the use of male and female subjects. In this review we consider three neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and three psychiatric disorders: Depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Schizophrenia. These disorders were chosen because of their prevalence and their recognized sex-specific differences in onset, progression, and response to treatment. Alzheimer's disease and Depression demonstrate higher prevalence in females, whereas Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and schizophrenia show higher prevalence in males. Results from preclinical and clinical studies examining each of these disorders revealed sex-specific differences in risk factors, diagnostic biomarkers, and treatment response and efficacy, suggesting a role for sex-specific therapies in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the qualitative analysis of the percentage of males and females enrolled in clinical trials in the last two decades shows that for most of the disorders, there is still a sex bias in the patients' enrolment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke DuMont
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kiran Singh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evan Swan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Buttle
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Tropea
- Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro, the SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases.
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6
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Kiemes A, Serrano Navacerrada ME, Kim E, Randall K, Simmons C, Rojo Gonzalez L, Petrinovic MM, Lythgoe DJ, Rotaru D, Di Censo D, Hirschler L, Barbier EL, Vernon AC, Stone JM, Davies C, Cash D, Modinos G. Erbb4 Deletion From Inhibitory Interneurons Causes Psychosis-Relevant Neuroimaging Phenotypes. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:569-580. [PMID: 36573631 PMCID: PMC10154722 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Converging lines of evidence suggest that dysfunction of cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons is a core feature of psychosis. This dysfunction is thought to underlie neuroimaging abnormalities commonly found in patients with psychosis, particularly in the hippocampus. These include increases in resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glutamatergic metabolite levels, and decreases in ligand binding to GABAA α5 receptors and to the synaptic density marker synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). However, direct links between inhibitory interneuron dysfunction and these neuroimaging readouts are yet to be established. Conditional deletion of a schizophrenia susceptibility gene, the tyrosine kinase receptor Erbb4, from cortical and hippocampal inhibitory interneurons leads to synaptic defects, and behavioral and cognitive phenotypes relevant to psychosis in mice. STUDY DESIGN Here, we investigated how this inhibitory interneuron disruption affects hippocampal in vivo neuroimaging readouts. Adult Erbb4 conditional mutant mice (Lhx6-Cre;Erbb4F/F, n = 12) and their wild-type littermates (Erbb4F/F, n = 12) were scanned in a 9.4T magnetic resonance scanner to quantify CBF and glutamatergic metabolite levels (glutamine, glutamate, GABA). Subsequently, we assessed GABAA receptors and SV2A density using quantitative autoradiography. RESULTS Erbb4 mutant mice showed significantly elevated ventral hippccampus CBF and glutamine levels, and decreased SV2A density across hippocampus sub-regions compared to wild-type littermates. No significant GABAA receptor density differences were identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that specific disruption of cortical inhibitory interneurons in mice recapitulate some of the key neuroimaging findings in patients with psychosis, and link inhibitory interneuron deficits to non-invasive measures of brain function and neurochemistry that can be used across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kiemes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Elisa Serrano Navacerrada
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Randall
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Loreto Rojo Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marija-Magdalena Petrinovic
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Rotaru
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Di Censo
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James M Stone
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Cathy Davies
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
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The α 2C-adrenoceptor antagonist JP-1302 controls behavioral parameters, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and receptor expression in a rat model of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 221:173490. [PMID: 36379444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic disabling disease affecting 1 % of the population. Current antipsychotics have limited efficacy in mitigating the severity of the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, searching for new therapeutic targets is essential. Previous studies have shown that α2C-adrenoceptor antagonists may have antipsychotic and pro-cognitive effects. Therefore, the current study evaluates the behavioral and neurochemical effects of JP-1302, a selective α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist, in a model of schizophrenia-like deficits induced by sub-chronic ketamine (KET) administration. Here, we administered ketamine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) to male and female Wistar rats for eight consecutive days. On the last two days of ketamine administration, rats were pretreated with either JP-1302 (1-3-10 μmol/kg, i.p.), chlorpromazine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), or saline, and the behavioral tests were performed. Behaviors related to positive (locomotor activity), negative (social interaction), and cognitive (novel object recognition) symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed. Glutamate, glutamine, GABA levels, and α2C-adrenoceptor expression were measured in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemical reactivity was also shown in the midbrain regions. Sub-chronic ketamine administration increased locomotor activity and produced robust social interaction and object recognition deficits, and JP-1302 significantly ameliorated ketamine-induced cognitive deficits. Ketamine induced a hyperdopaminergic activity in the striatum, which was reversed by the treatment with JP-1302. Also, the α2C-adrenoceptor expression was higher in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in the ketamine-treated rats. Our findings confirm that α2C-adrenoceptor antagonism may be a potential drug target for treating cognitive disorders related to schizophrenia.
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Oliveras I, Soria-Ruiz OJ, Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Río-Álamos C, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Different maturation patterns for sensorimotor gating and startle habituation deficits in male and female RHA vs RLA rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114021. [PMID: 35872331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental anomalies are thought to play a crucial role in the emergence of schizophrenia. The Roman high-avoidance (RHA) rats exhibit impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI), as well as other behavioral and cognitive singularities related to schizophrenia syndromes compared to the Roman low-avoidance (RLA) rats. In the present study, we aimed at elucidating whether PPI deficits in the RHA rats take place during prepubescence, adolescence, or adulthood. Thus, we evaluated the levels of PPI of both strains and both sexes during these three developmental phases. Additionally, we also investigated the onset of startle habituation deficits in the same groups. The results showed that male RHA rats exhibit a clear-cut PPI reduction compared to their RLA counterparts in adulthood. In female RHA rats, we observed lower levels of PPI since adolescence and through adulthood. We also found no differences between PPI percentages among the three ages in RHA male rats. Contrarily, in male RLA rats, PPI levels were increased in adults compared to their adolescent and prepubescent counterparts. Finally, a deficit in startle habituation was observed in adulthood of both male and female RHA rats, although in the latter case the disturbance in startle habituation was more profound. These results further the description of the maturational trajectory of cognitive markers relevant to schizophrenia prodrome and they add face validity to the RHA rats as a model of schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Oscar J Soria-Ruiz
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
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Abstract
Most psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia, show profound sex differences in incidence, clinical presentation, course, and outcome. Fortunately, more recently the literature on sex differences and (to a lesser extent) effects of sex steroid hormones is expanding, and in this review we have focused on such studies in psychosis, both from a clinical/epidemiological and preclinical/animal model perspective. We begin by briefly describing the clinical evidence for sex differences in schizophrenia epidemiology, symptomatology, and pathophysiology. We then detail sex differences and sex hormone effects in behavioral animal models of psychosis, specifically psychotropic drug-induced locomotor hyperactivity and disruption of prepulse inhibition. We expand on the preclinical data to include developmental and genetic models of psychosis, such as the maternal immune activation model and neuregulin transgenic animals, respectively. Finally, we suggest several recommendations for future studies, in order to facilitate a better understanding of sex differences in the development of psychosis.
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10
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Oliveras I, Tapias-Espinosa C, Río-Álamos C, Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Sánchez-González A, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Prepulse inhibition deficits in inbred and outbred rats and between-strain differences in startle habituation do not depend on startle reactivity levels. Behav Processes 2022; 197:104618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Male sex bias in early and late onset neurodevelopmental disorders: shared aspects and differences in autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Nakamura JP, Schroeder A, Gibbons A, Sundram S, Hill RA. Timing of maternal immune activation and sex influence schizophrenia-relevant cognitive constructs and neuregulin and GABAergic pathways. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:70-82. [PMID: 34808289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is an established environmental risk factor for schizophrenia. Timing of immune activation exposure as well as sex of the exposed offspring are critical factors in defining the effects of MIA. However, the specificity of MIA on the component structure of schizophrenia, especially cognition, has been difficult to assess due to a lack of translational validity of maze-like testing paradigms. We aimed to assess cognitive domains relevant to schizophrenia using highly translational touchscreen-based tasks in male and female mice exposed to the viral mimetic, poly(I:C) (5 mg/k, i.p.), during early (gestational day (GD) 9-11) and late (GD13-15) gestational time points. Gene expression of schizophrenia candidate pathways were assessed in fetal brain immediately following poly(I:C) exposure and in adulthood to identify its influence on neurodevelopmental processes. Sex and window specific alterations in cognitive performance were found with the early window of MIA exposure causing female-specific disruptions to working memory and reduced perseverative behaviour, while late MIA exposure caused male-specific changes to working memory and deficits in reversal learning. GABAergic specification marker, Nkx2.1 gene expression was reduced in fetal brains and reelin expression was reduced in adult hippocampus of both early and late poly(I:C) exposed mice. Neuregulin and EGF signalling were initially upregulated in the fetal brain, but were reduced in the adult hippocampus, with male mice exposed in the late window showing reduced Nrg3 expression. Serine racemase was reduced in both fetal and adult brain, but again, adult reductions were specific to male mice exposed at the late time point. Overall, we show that cognitive constructs relevant to schizophrenia are altered by in utero exposure to maternal immune activation, but are highly dependent on the timing of infection and the sex of the offspring. Glutamatergic and epidermal growth factor pathways were similarly altered by MIA in a timing and sex dependent manner, while MIA-induced GABAergic deficits were independent of timing or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - R A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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13
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Dutra-Tavares AC, Manhães AC, Semeão KA, Maia JG, Couto LA, Filgueiras CC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Abreu-Villaça Y. Does nicotine exposure during adolescence modify the course of schizophrenia-like symptoms? Behavioral analysis in a phencyclidine-induced mice model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257986. [PMID: 34587208 PMCID: PMC8480744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The first symptoms of schizophrenia (SCHZ) are usually observed during adolescence, a developmental period during which first exposure to psychoactive drugs also occurs. These epidemiological findings point to adolescence as critical for nicotine addiction and SCHZ comorbidity, however it is not clear whether exposure to nicotine during this period has a detrimental impact on the development of SCHZ symptoms since there is a lack of studies that investigate the interactions between these conditions during this period of development. To elucidate the impact of a short course of nicotine exposure across the spectrum of SCHZ-like symptoms, we used a phencyclidine-induced adolescent mice model of SCHZ (2.5mg/Kg, s.c., daily, postnatal day (PN) 38-PN52; 10mg/Kg on PN53), combined with an established model of nicotine minipump infusions (24mg/Kg/day, PN37-44). Behavioral assessment began 4 days after the end of nicotine exposure (PN48) using the following tests: open field to assess the hyperlocomotion phenotype; novel object recognition, a declarative memory task; three-chamber sociability, to verify social interaction and prepulse inhibition, a measure of sensorimotor gating. Phencyclidine exposure evoked deficits in all analyzed behaviors. Nicotine history reduced the magnitude of phencyclidine-evoked hyperlocomotion and impeded the development of locomotor sensitization. It also mitigated the deficient sociability elicited by phencyclidine. In contrast, memory and sensorimotor gating deficits evoked by phencyclidine were neither improved nor worsened by nicotine history. In conclusion, our results show for the first time that nicotine history, restricted to a short period during adolescence, does not worsen SCHZ-like symptoms evoked by a phencyclidine-induced mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Dutra-Tavares
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex C. Manhães
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Keila A. Semeão
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julyana G. Maia
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana A. Couto
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudio C. Filgueiras
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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14
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Arnold ML, Saijo K. Estrogen Receptor β as a Candidate Regulator of Sex Differences in the Maternal Immune Activation Model of ASD. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:717411. [PMID: 34531723 PMCID: PMC8438209 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.717411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interestingly, more males are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than females, yet the mechanism behind this difference is unclear. Genes on the sex chromosomes and differential regulation by sex steroid hormones and their receptors are both candidate mechanisms to explain this sex-dependent phenotype. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of transcription factors, including sex hormone receptors, that mediate ligand-dependent transcription and may play key roles in sex-specific regulation of immunity and brain development. Infection during pregnancy is known to increase the probability of developing ASD in humans, and a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA), which is induced by injecting innate immune stimulants into pregnant wild-type mice, is commonly used to study ASD. Since this model successfully recaptures the behavioral phenotypes and male bias observed in ASD, we will discuss the potential role of sex steroid hormones and their receptors, especially focusing on estrogen receptor (ER)β, in MIA and how this signaling may modulate transcription and subsequent inflammation in myeloid-lineage cells to contribute to the etiology of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L Arnold
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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15
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Percelay S, Freret T, Turnbull N, Bouet V, Boulouard M. Combination of MAP6 deficit, maternal separation and MK801 in female mice: A 3-hit animal model of neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive deficits. Behav Brain Res 2021; 413:113473. [PMID: 34280461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disease still lacking efficient treatment, particularly for cognitive deficits. To go further in research of new treatments that would encompass all the symptoms associated with this pathology, preclinical animal models need to be improved. To date, the aetiology of schizophrenia is unknown, but there is increasing evidence to highlight its multifactorial nature. We built a new neurodevelopmental mouse model gathering a triple factor combination (3-M): a genetic factor (partial deletion of MAP6 gene), an early stress (maternal separation) and a late pharmacological factor (MK801 administration, 0.05 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days). The effects of each factor and of their combination were investigated on several behaviours including cognitive functions. While each individual factor induced slight deficits in one or another behavioural test, 3-M conditioning induces a wider phenotype with hyperlocomotion and cognitive deficits (working memory and social recognition). This study confirms the hypothesis that genetic, environmental and pharmacological factors, even if not deleterious by themselves, could act synergistically to induce a deleterious behavioural phenotype. It moreover encourages the use of such combined models to improve translational research on neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Percelay
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Nicole Turnbull
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
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16
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Plataki ME, Diskos K, Sougklakos C, Velissariou M, Georgilis A, Stavroulaki V, Sidiropoulou K. Effect of Neonatal Treatment With the NMDA Receptor Antagonist, MK-801, During Different Temporal Windows of Postnatal Period in Adult Prefrontal Cortical and Hippocampal Function. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:689193. [PMID: 34177484 PMCID: PMC8230549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.689193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal MK-801 model of schizophrenia has been developed based on the neurodevelopmental and NMDA receptor hypofunction hypotheses of schizophrenia. This animal model is generated with the use of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, during different temporal windows of postnatal life of rodents leading to behavioral defects in adulthood. However, no studies have examined the role of specific postnatal time periods in the neonatal MK-801 (nMK-801) rodent model and the resulting behavioral and neurobiological effects. Thus, the goal of this study is to systematically investigate the role of NMDA hypofunction, during specific temporal windows in postnatal life on different cognitive and social behavioral paradigms, as well as various neurobiological effects during adulthood. Both female and male mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with MK-801 during postnatal days 7-14 (p7-14) or 11-15 (p11-15). Control mice were injected with saline during the respective time period. In adulthood, mice were tested in various cognitive and social behavioral tasks. Mice nMK-801-treated on p7-14 show impaired performance in the novel object, object-to-place, and temporal order object recognition (TOR) tasks, the sociability test, and contextual fear extinction. Mice nMK-801-treated on p11-15 only affects performance in the TOR task, the social memory test, and contextual fear extinction. No differences were identified in the expression of NMDA receptor subunits, the synapsin or PSD-95 proteins, either in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the hippocampus (HPC), brain regions significantly affected in schizophrenia. The number of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells is significantly reduced in the PFC, but not in the HPC, of nMK-801-treated mice on p7-14 compared to their controls. No differences in PV-expressing cells (PFC or HPC) were identified in nMK-801-treated mice on p11-15. We further examined PFC function by recording spontaneous activity in a solution that allows up state generation. We find that the frequency of up states is significantly reduced in both nMK-801-treated mice on p7-14 and p11-15 compared to saline-treated mice. Furthermore, we find adaptations in the gamma and high gamma activity in nMK-801-treated mice. In conclusion, our results show that MK-801 treatment during specific postnatal temporal windows has differential effects on cognitive and social behaviors, as well as on underlying neurobiological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Plataki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Diskos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyriaki Sidiropoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
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17
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Benvenutti R, Marcon M, Gallas-Lopes M, de Mello AJ, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Swimming in the maze: An overview of maze apparatuses and protocols to assess zebrafish behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:761-778. [PMID: 34087275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Most preclinical behavioral assays use rodents as model animals, leaving room for species-specific biases that could be avoided by an expanded cross-species approach. In this context, zebrafish emerges as an alternative model organism to study neurobiological mechanisms of anxiety, preference, learning, and memory, as well as other phenotypes with relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders. In recent years, several zebrafish studies using different types of mazes have been published. However, the protocols and apparatuses' shapes and dimensions vary widely in the literature. This variation may puzzle researchers attempting to implement maze behavioral assays and challenges the reproducibility across institutions. This review aims to provide an overview of the behavioral paradigms assessed in different types of mazes in zebrafish reported in the last couple of decades. Also, this review aims to contribute to a better characterization of multi-behavioral assessment in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radharani Benvenutti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/209, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Matheus Marcon
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/209, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Anna Julie de Mello
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Herrmann
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/209, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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18
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Chen LY, Qi J, Xu HL, Lin XY, Sun YJ, Ju SQ. The Value of Serum Cell-Free DNA Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:637789. [PMID: 33859582 PMCID: PMC8042127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.637789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, which has a major impact on the quality of life and imposes a huge burden on the family. However, the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains unclear and there are no specific biomarkers. Therefore, we intend to explore whether cf-DNA levels are related to the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. Methods: We analyzed and compared the concentration of cf-DNA in 174 SZ patients and 100 matched healthy controls by using quantitative real-time PCR by amplifying the Alu repeats. Results: We found that cf-DNA levels in peripheral blood reliably distinguished SZ patients from healthy controls (P < 0.05). The ROC analysis also supports the above conclusion. By tracking the absolute concentration of serum cf-DNA in primary cases, we found a distinct increase before treatment with antipsychotics, which decreased progressively after treatment. Conclusions: The present work indicates that cf-DNA may improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis, and the level of cf-DNA plays a predictive role in the development of schizophrenia. By evaluating the level of cf-DNA, we might play a certain role in a more reasonable and standardized clinical treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Chen
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Mental Health Center, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Reaserch Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hong-Lei Xu
- Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Lin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Jun Sun
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Mental Health Center, Nantong, China
| | - Shao-Qing Ju
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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19
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Increased RNA editing in maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5236. [PMID: 33067431 PMCID: PMC7567798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of major neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism is unclear, with evidence supporting a combination of genetic factors and environmental insults, including viral infection during pregnancy. Here we utilized a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) with the viral mimic PolyI:C infection during early gestation. We investigated the transcriptional changes in the brains of mouse fetuses following MIA during the prenatal period, and evaluated the behavioral and biochemical changes in the adult brain. The results reveal an increase in RNA editing levels and dysregulation in brain development-related gene pathways in the fetal brains of MIA mice. These MIA-induced brain editing changes are not observed in adulthood, although MIA-induced behavioral deficits are observed. Taken together, our findings suggest that MIA induces transient dysregulation of RNA editing at a critical time in brain development.
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20
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Martínez-Pinteño A, García-Cerro S, Mas S, Torres T, Boloc D, Rodríguez N, Lafuente A, Gassó P, Arnaiz JA, Parellada E. The positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu2 receptor JNJ-46356479 partially improves neuropathological deficits and schizophrenia-like behaviors in a postnatal ketamine mice model. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 126:8-18. [PMID: 32407891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Current antipsychotics have limited efficacy in controlling cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). Glutamatergic dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SZ, based on the capacity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine (KET) to induce SZ-like behaviors. This could be related to their putative neuropathological effect on gamma-aminobutyric (GABAergic) interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), which would lead to a hyperglutamatergic condition. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) negatively modulates glutamate release and has been considered a potential clinical target for novel antipsychotics drugs. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of JNJ-46356479 (JNJ), a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the mGluR2, in reversing neuropathological and behavioral deficits induced in a postnatal KET mice model of SZ. These animals presented impaired spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test, suggesting deficits in spatial working memory, and a decrease in social motivation and memory, assessed in both the Three-Chamber and the Five Trial Social Memory tests. Interestingly, JNJ treatment of adult mice partially reversed these deficits. Mice treated with KET also showed a reduction in PV+ in the mPFC and dentate gyrus together with an increase in c-Fos expression in this hippocampal area. Compared to the control group, mice treated with KET + JNJ showed a similar PV density and c-Fos activity pattern. Our results suggest that pharmacological treatment with a PAM of the mGluR2 such as JNJ could help improve cognitive and negative symptoms related to SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Teresa Torres
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Boloc
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amalia Lafuente
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Arnaiz
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Parellada
- The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Carreño F, Helfer VE, Staudt KJ, Paese K, Meyer FS, Herrmann AP, Guterres SS, Rates SMK, Dalla Costa T. Quetiapine lipid core nanocapsules restore prepulse inhibition deficits in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia in male and female rats. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:173-179. [PMID: 31973996 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid core nanocapsules (LNC) have been extensively studied as a new treatment strategy to improve therapeutic effects of antipsychotic drugs. We investigated the efficacy of quetiapine LNCs (QLNCs) on the poly(i:c) model of schizophrenia in both male and female rats using the pre-pulse inhibition of startle response (PPI) test paradigm after evaluating the outcomes of three different poly(i:c) doses administered to pregnant damns at GD15 on neurodevelopmental outcomes of maternal immune activation (MIA) in adult offspring. QTP solution was not capable of producing a reversal in the sensorimotor gating-disruptive effect caused by the prenatal poly(i:c) exposure. The same dose of QTP given as QLNCs significantly improved PPI-impairment. This is the first study reporting the restoration of the PPI deficits in a neurodevelopmental model of SCZ using LNCs. This is a promising delivery system strategy to improve antipsychotic effects contributing to the development of better SCZ pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carreño
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Victória Etges Helfer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Keli Jaqueline Staudt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Paese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Schons Meyer
- Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stela Maris Kuze Rates
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Teresa Dalla Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G. Pharmacological plasticity-How do you hit a moving target? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00532. [PMID: 31768257 PMCID: PMC6868654 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paul Ehrlich's concept of the magic bullet, by which a single drug induces pharmacological effects by interacting with a single receptor has been a strong driving force in pharmacology for a century. It is continually thwarted, though, by the fact that the treated organism is highly dynamic and the target molecule(s) is (are) never static. In this article, we address some of the factors that modify and cause the mobility and plasticity of drug targets and their interactions with ligands and discuss how these can lead to unexpected (lack of) effects of drugs. These factors include genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variability, cellular plasticity, chronobiological rhythms, time, age and disease resolution, sex, drug metabolism, and distribution. We emphasize four existing approaches that can be taken, either singly or in combination, to try to minimize effects of pharmacological plasticity. These are firstly, to enhance specificity using target conditions close to those in diseases, secondly, by simultaneously or thirdly, sequentially aiming at multiple targets, and fourthly, in synchronization with concurrent dietary, psychological, training, and biorhythm-synchronizing procedures to optimize drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyJ.W. Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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23
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Genario R, de Abreu MS, Giacomini ACVV, Demin KA, Kalueff AV. Sex differences in behavior and neuropharmacology of zebrafish. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 52:2586-2603. [PMID: 31090957 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sex is an important variable in biomedical research. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful new model organism in translational neuroscience and pharmacology. Mounting evidence indicates important sex differences in zebrafish behavioral and neuropharmacological responses. Here, we discuss the role of sex in zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) models, their molecular mechanisms, recent findings and the existing challenges in this field. We also emphasize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational neuropharmacological research of sex differences, fostering future CNS drug discovery and the search for novel sex-specific therapies. Finally, we highlight the interplay between sex and environment in zebrafish models of sex-environment correlations as an important strategy of CNS disease modeling using this aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Genario
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.,The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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24
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Miranda-Vizuete A, Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Sex-Specific Differences in Redox Homeostasis in Brain Norm and Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:312-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Winship IR, Dursun SM, Baker GB, Balista PA, Kandratavicius L, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Hallak J, Howland JG. An Overview of Animal Models Related to Schizophrenia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:5-17. [PMID: 29742910 PMCID: PMC6364139 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718773728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that is poorly treated with current therapies. In this brief review, we provide an update regarding the use of animal models to study schizophrenia in an attempt to understand its aetiology and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Tremendous progress has been made developing and validating rodent models that replicate the aetiologies, brain pathologies, and behavioural abnormalities associated with schizophrenia in humans. Here, models are grouped into 3 categories-developmental, drug induced, and genetic-to reflect the heterogeneous risk factors associated with schizophrenia. Each of these models is associated with varied but overlapping pathophysiology, endophenotypes, behavioural abnormalities, and cognitive impairments. Studying schizophrenia using multiple models will permit an understanding of the core features of the disease, thereby facilitating preclinical research aimed at the development and validation of better pharmacotherapies to alter the progression of schizophrenia or alleviate its debilitating symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Winship
- 1 Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.,3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil
| | - Glen B Baker
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.,3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Balista
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Centro Universitario das Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmyla Kandratavicius
- 5 Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Maia-de-Oliveira
- 3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil.,6 Department of Clinical Medicine, Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jaime Hallak
- 3 National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Science, Brazil.,5 Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,7 Department of Psychiatry (NRU), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - John G Howland
- 8 Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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26
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Development of the MAM model of schizophrenia in mice: Sex similarities and differences of hippocampal and prefrontal cortical function. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:193-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Let's call the whole thing off: evaluating gender and sex differences in executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:86-96. [PMID: 30143781 PMCID: PMC6235899 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the world-attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These measures have been correlated with academic outcomes and quality of life, and are impacted by deleterious environmental events throughout the life span, including gestational and early life insults. This review will address the topic of sex differences in executive function including a discussion of differences arising in response to developmental programming. Work on gender differences in human studies and sex differences in animal research will be reviewed. Overall, we find little support for significant gender or sex differences in executive function. An important variable that factors into the interpretation of potential sex differences include differing developmental trajectories. We conclude by discussing future directions for the field and a brief discussion of biological mechanisms.
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28
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Kannan G, Prandovszky E, Severance E, Yolken RH, Pletnikov MV. A New T. gondii Mouse Model of Gene-Environment Interaction Relevant to Psychiatric Disease. SCIENTIFICA 2018; 2018:7590958. [PMID: 30631636 PMCID: PMC6305013 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7590958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), was linked to several psychiatric disorders. The exact mechanisms of a hypothesized contribution of T. gondii infection are poorly understood, and it appears that only a subset of seropositive individuals go on to develop a mental illness, suggesting genetic vulnerability. In order to stimulate mechanistic studies of how exposure to T. gondii could interact with genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders, we have generated and characterized a mouse model of chronic T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice with inducible forebrain neuronal expression of a C-terminus truncated dominant-negative form of disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DN-DISC1). In this gene-environment interaction (GxE) model, exposing control and DN-DISC1 male and female mice to T. gondii produced sex-dependent abnormalities in locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle. No genotype- or sex-dependent effects were found on levels of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies or anti-NMDAR or C1q antibodies. Our work demonstrates that a psychiatric genetic risk factor, DN-DISC1, modulates the neurobehavioral effects of chronic T. gondii infection in a sex-dependent manner. The present T. gondii model of GxE provides a valuable experimental system for future mechanistic studies and evaluation of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kannan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emese Prandovszky
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emily Severance
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert H. Yolken
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mikhail V. Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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29
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Riecher-Rössler A, Butler S, Kulkarni J. Sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses-a critical review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:627-648. [PMID: 29766281 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses have been reported, but few have been soundly replicated. A stable finding is the later age of onset in women compared to men. Gender differences in symptomatology, comorbidity, and neurocognition seem to reflect findings in the general population. There is increasing evidence for estrogens being psychoprotective in women and for hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in both sexes.More methodologically sound, longitudinal, multi-domain, interdisciplinary research investigating both sex (biological) and gender (psychosocial) factors is required to better understand the different pathogenesis and etiologies of schizophrenic psychoses in women and men, thereby leading to better tailored treatments and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Riecher-Rössler
- Center of Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Surina Butler
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jayashri Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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30
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Potasiewicz A, Holuj M, Piotrowska D, Zajda K, Wojcik M, Popik P, Nikiforuk A. Evaluation of ultrasonic vocalizations in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia during the early life stages of rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:28-38. [PMID: 30448422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In an animal neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, we investigated ultrasonic communication and social behavior in male and female rats. Pregnant dams were treated with methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM; 22 mg/kg) at 17 days of gestation. First, we examined the ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by 8-day-old pups isolated from their mothers and placed in a familiar or an unfamiliar environment. Second, we assessed tickling-induced USVs, social play (SP) behavior and accompanying USVs in 30-day-old juveniles. Independent of the prenatal treatment, sex differences were noted at both ages. In the pups isolated from their mothers, compared to the females, the males produced flatter calls with a lower frequency. Compared to the females, the tickling-induced male USVs were characterized by a higher frequency, and the male SP-induced USVs showed a broader bandwidth and more modulated structure. Additionally, the numbers of both SP-induced USVs and SP episodes in the males were higher than those in the females. In contrast, the MAM exposure reduced the ultrasonic communication and social behavior independent of age almost equally in the male and female rats. The MAM-exposed isolated pups and juveniles experiencing tickling and social interaction displayed lower USV bandwidths, suggesting that the complexity of their ultrasonic communication was reduced. In addition, the MAM-exposed juveniles demonstrated a lower number of 50-kHz "happy calls" and decreased SP duration, which is suggestive of social withdrawal or negative-like symptoms. These data demonstrate that young MAM-exposed rats display an atypical repertoire of USVs and reduced play behavior suggestive of communication deficits associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Potasiewicz
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Holuj
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Diana Piotrowska
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zajda
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Wojcik
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Popik
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikiforuk
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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31
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Interaction of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met genotype and history of stress in regulation of prepulse inhibition in mice. Schizophr Res 2018; 198:60-67. [PMID: 28864281 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism results in reduced activity-dependent BDNF release and has been implicated in schizophrenia. However, effects of the polymorphism on functional dopaminergic and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated activity remain unclear. We used prepulse inhibition, a measure of sensorimotor gating which is disrupted in schizophrenia, and assessed the effects of acute treatment with the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine (APO), and the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801. We used adult humanized hBDNFVal66Met 'knockin' mice which express either the Val/Val, Val/Met or Met/Met genotype. An interaction of BDNF with stress was modelled by chronic young-adult treatment with corticosterone (CORT). At 1 or 3mg/kg, APO had no effect in Val/Val mice but significantly reduced PPI at the 100ms inter-stimulus interval (ISI) in Val/Met and Met/Met mice. However, after CORT pretreatment, APO significantly reduced PPI in all genotypes similarly. At 0.1 or 0.25mg/kg, MK-801 significantly disrupted PPI at the 100ms ISI independent of genotype or CORT pretreatment. There were differential effects of APO and MK-801 on PPI at the 30ms ISI and startle between the genotypes, irrespective of CORT pretreatment. These results show that the BDNF Val66Met Val/Met and Met/Met genotypes are more sensitive than the Val/Val genotype to the effect of APO on PPI. A history of stress, here modelled by chronic CORT administration, increases effects of APO in Val/Val mice.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal models are frequently used to examine stress response, but experiments seldom include females. The connection between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and behavioral stress response is investigated here using a mixed-sex mouse cohort. METHODS CF-1 mice underwent alternating days of restraint and forced swim for 19 days (male n = 8, female n = 8) with matching numbers of control animals at which point the 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiota were sequenced. Mixed linear models accounting for stress status and sex with individuals nested in cage to control for cage effects evaluated these data. Murine behaviors in elevated plus-maze, open-field, and light/dark box were investigated. RESULTS Community-level associations with sex, stress, and their interaction were significant. Males had higher microbial diversity than females (p = .025). Of the 638 operational taxonomic units detected in at least 25% of samples, 94 operational taxonomic units were significant: 31 (stress), 61 (sex), and 34 (sex-stress interaction). Twenty of the 39 behavioral measures were significant for stress, 3 for sex, and 6 for sex-stress. However, no significant associations between behavioral measures and specific microbes were detected. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest sex influences stress response and the microbiota-gut-brain axis and that studies of behavior and the microbiome therefore benefit from consideration of how sex differences drive behavior and microbial community structure. Host stress resilience and absence of associations between stress-induced behaviors with specific microbes suggests that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation represents a threshold for microbial influence on host behavior. Future studies are needed in examining the intersection of sex, stress response, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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33
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van Rooijen G, Isvoranu AM, Kruijt OH, van Borkulo CD, Meijer CJ, Wigman JTW, Ruhé HG, de Haan L, Cahn W, de Haan L, Kahn RS, Meijer C, Myin-Germeys I, van Os J, Bartels-Velthuis AA. A state-independent network of depressive, negative and positive symptoms in male patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:232-239. [PMID: 28844638 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms occur frequently in patients with schizophrenia. Several factor analytical studies investigated the associations between positive, negative and depressive symptoms and reported difficulties differentiating between these symptom domains. Here, we argue that a network approach may offer insights into these associations, by exploring interrelations between symptoms. The aims of current study were to I) construct a network of positive, negative and depressive symptoms in male patients with schizophrenia to investigate interactions between individual symptoms; II) identify the most central symptoms within this network and III) examine group-level differences in network connectivity between remitted and non-remitted patients. We computed a network of depressive, positive and negative symptoms in a sample of 470 male patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia, while psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Networks of male patients who fulfilled remission criteria (Andreasen et al., 2005) and non-remitters for psychosis were compared. Our results indicate that depressive symptoms are mostly associated with suicidality and may act as moderator between psychotic symptoms and suicidality. In addition, 'depressed mood', 'observed depression', 'poor rapport', 'stereotyped thinking' and 'delusions' were central symptoms within the network. Finally, although remitted male patients had a similar network structure compared to non-remitters the networks differed significantly in terms of global strength. In conclusion, clinical symptoms of schizophrenia were linked in a stable way, independent of symptomatic remission while the number of connections appears to be dependent on remission status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeske van Rooijen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Adela-Maria Isvoranu
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Olle H Kruijt
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudia D van Borkulo
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Carin J Meijer
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna T W Wigman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Warneford Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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34
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Shahab S, Stefanik L, Foussias G, Lai MC, Anderson KK, Voineskos AN. Sex and Diffusion Tensor Imaging of White Matter in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review Plus Meta-analysis of the Corpus Callosum. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:203-221. [PMID: 28449132 PMCID: PMC5767963 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex is considered an understudied variable in health research. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder with known sex differences in epidemiology and clinical presentation. We systematically reviewed the literature for sex-based differences of diffusion properties of white matter tracts in schizophrenia. We then conducted a meta-analysis examining sex-based differences in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. Medline and Embase were searched to identify relevant papers. Studies fulfilling the following criteria were included: (1) included individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, (2) included a control group of healthy individuals, (3) included both sexes in the patient and the control groups, (4) used diffusion tensor imaging, and (5) involved analyzing metrics of white matter microstructural integrity. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was used as the measure of interest in the meta-analysis. Of 730 studies reviewed, 75 met the inclusion criteria. Most showed no effect of sex, however, those that did found either that females have lower FA than males, or that the effect of disease in females is larger than that in males. The findings of the meta-analysis in the corpus callosum supported this result. There is a recognized need for studies on schizophrenia with a sufficient sample of female patients. Lack of power undermines the ability to detect sex-based differences. Understanding the sex-specific impact of illness on neural circuits may help inform development of new treatments, and improvement of existing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahab
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Stefanik
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; tel: 416-535-8501 ext. 33977, fax: 416-260-4162, e-mail:
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Drazanova E, Ruda-Kucerova J, Kratka L, Horska K, Demlova R, Starcuk Z, Kasparek T. Poly(I:C) model of schizophrenia in rats induces sex-dependent functional brain changes detected by MRI that are not reversed by aripiprazole treatment. Brain Res Bull 2017; 137:146-155. [PMID: 29155259 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is altered brain structure, potentially due to antipsychotic treatment, the disorder itself or both. It was proposed that functional changes may precede the structural ones. In order to understand and potentially prevent this unwanted process, brain function assessment should be validated as a diagnostic tool. METHODS We used Arterial Spin Labelling MRI technique for the evaluation of brain perfusion in several brain regions in a neurodevelopmental poly(I:C) model of schizophrenia (8mg/kg on a gestational day 15) in rats taking into account sex-dependent effects and chronic treatment with aripiprazole (30days), an atypical antipsychotic acting as a partial agonist on dopaminergic receptors. RESULTS We found the sex of the animal to have a highly significant effect in all regions of interest, with females showing lower blood perfusion than males. However, both males and females treated prenatally with poly(I:C) showed enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Furthermore, we detected increased perfusion in the circle of Willis, hippocampus, and sensorimotor cortex, which was not influenced by chronic atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole treatment in male poly(I:C) rats. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that perfusion alterations may be caused by the hyperdopaminergic activity in the poly(I:C) model, and the absence of aripiprazole effect on perfusion in brain regions related to schizophrenia may be due to its partial agonistic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Drazanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Scientific Instruments, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Kratka
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Horska
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Demlova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zenon Starcuk
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kasparek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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36
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A symptom network structure of the psychosis spectrum. Schizophr Res 2017; 189:75-83. [PMID: 28237606 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current diagnostic systems mainly focus on symptoms needed to classify patients with a specific mental disorder and do not take into account the variation in co-occurring symptoms and the interaction between the symptoms themselves. The innovative network approach aims to further our understanding of mental disorders by focusing on meaningful connections between individual symptoms of a disorder and has thus far proven valuable insights to psychopathology. The aims of current study were to I) construct a symptom network and investigate interactions between a wide array of psychotic symptoms; II) identify the most important symptoms within this network and III) perform an explorative shortest pathway analysis between depressive and delusional symptoms. We analyzed interview data from n=408 male patients with non-affective psychosis using the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). A network structure of 79 symptoms was computed to explore partial correlations between positive, negative, catatonia and affective symptoms. The resulting network showed strong connectivity between individual symptoms of the CASH, both within- and between-domains. Most central symptoms included 'loss of interest', 'chaotic speech', 'inability to enjoy recreational interest in activities', 'inability to form or maintain relationships with friends' and 'poverty of content of speech'. The shortest pathway analysis between depressive and delusional symptoms displayed an important role for 'persecutory delusions'. In conclusion, this study showed that individual psychotic symptoms are meaningfully related to each other not only within their own cluster, but also between different clusters and that important information may be acquired by investigating interactions at a symptom level.
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McGregor C, Riordan A, Thornton J. Estrogens and the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia: Possible neuroprotective mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:19-33. [PMID: 28673758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric illness with marked sex differences. Women have later onset and lesser symptoms, which has led to the hypothesis that estrogens are protective in schizophrenia. Cognitive dysfunction is a hallmark of the disease and the symptom most correlated with functional outcome. Here we describe a number of mechanisms by which estrogens may be therapeutic in schizophrenia, with a focus on cognitive symptoms. We review the relationship between estrogens and brain derived neurotrophic factor, neuroinflammation, NMDA receptors, GABA receptors, and luteinizing hormone. Exploring these pathways may enable novel treatments for schizophrenia and a greater understanding of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire McGregor
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
| | - Alexander Riordan
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Janice Thornton
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickole Kanyuch
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Stewart Anderson
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Child and Adolsecent Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, ARC 517, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5127, US; tel: 215-590-6527; fax: 215-590-6523; e-mail:
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Bridging Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia through inflammation and biomarkers - pre-clinical and clinical investigations. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:179. [PMID: 28870209 PMCID: PMC5584030 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, evidence supporting a link between inflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders has been mounting. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia share some clinical similarities which we hypothesize might reflect the same biological basis, namely, in terms of inflammation. However, the diagnosis of ASD and schizophrenia relies solely on clinical symptoms, and to date, there is no clinically useful biomarker to diagnose or monitor the course of such illnesses. The focus of this review is the central role that inflammation plays in ASD and schizophrenia. It spans from pre-clinical animal models to clinical research and excludes in vitro studies. Four major areas are covered: (1) microglia, the inflammatory brain resident myeloid cells, (2) biomarkers, including circulating cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and microRNA players, known to influence cellular processes at brain and immune levels, (3) effect of anti-psychotics on biomarkers and other predictors of response, and (4) impact of gender on response to immune activation, biomarkers, and response to anti-psychotic treatments.
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40
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Phensy A, Duzdabanian HE, Brewer S, Panjabi A, Driskill C, Berz A, Peng G, Kroener S. Antioxidant Treatment with N-acetyl Cysteine Prevents the Development of Cognitive and Social Behavioral Deficits that Result from Perinatal Ketamine Treatment. Front Behav Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28634445 PMCID: PMC5459895 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the normal redox state can be found in all stages of schizophrenia, suggesting a key role for oxidative stress in the etiology and maintenance of the disease. Pharmacological blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors can disrupt natural antioxidant defense systems and induce schizophrenia-like behaviors in animals and healthy human subjects. Perinatal administration of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine produces persistent behavioral deficits in adult mice which mimic a range of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms that characterize schizophrenia. Here we tested whether antioxidant treatment with the glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) can prevent the development of these behavioral deficits. On postnatal days (PND) 7, 9 and 11, we treated mice with subanesthetic doses (30 mg/kg) of ketamine or saline. Two groups (either ketamine or saline treated) also received NAC throughout development. In adult animals (PND 70-120) we then assessed behavioral alterations in a battery of cognitive and psychomotor tasks. Ketamine-treated animals showed deficits in a task of cognitive flexibility, abnormal patterns of spontaneous alternation, deficits in novel-object recognition, as well as social interaction. Developmental ketamine treatment also induced behavioral stereotypy in response to an acute amphetamine challenge, and it impaired sensorimotor gating, measured as reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response. All of these behavioral abnormalities were either prevented or strongly ameliorated by NAC co-treatment. These results suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor for the development of the ketamine-induced behavioral dysfunctions, and that restoring oxidative balance during the prodromal stage of schizophrenia might be able to ameliorate the development of several major symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarron Phensy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
| | - Hasmik E Duzdabanian
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Brewer
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
| | - Anurag Panjabi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Driskill
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
| | - Annuska Berz
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
| | - George Peng
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
| | - Sven Kroener
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, United States
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Jaehne EJ, Ameti D, Paiva T, van den Buuse M. Investigating the Role of Serotonin in Methamphetamine Psychosis: Unaltered Behavioral Effects of Chronic Methamphetamine in 5-HT 1A Knockout Mice. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28473777 PMCID: PMC5397502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a widely abused stimulant drug, but this abuse is associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. In addition to its well-known action on brain dopamine, Meth also affects serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate this role in mice, which lack one of the main serotonin receptors, the 5-HT1A receptor, which has been implicated in both schizophrenia and Meth-induced psychosis. Male and female wild-type or 5-HT1A knockout (KO) mice received daily treatment with increasing doses of methamphetamine from 6 to 9 weeks of age (1-4 mg/kg/day twice a day). At least 2 weeks after the last injection, the mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests focusing on psychosis-related behaviors, including Meth-induced hyperactivity, prepulse inhibition (PPI), social interaction, elevated plus maze (EPM), and Y-maze. Meth pretreatment resulted in significantly increased hyperlocomotion in response to an acute Meth challenge, but this effect was independent of genotype. Chronic Meth treatment resulted in decreased levels of anxiety in the EPM in both sexes, as well as increased startle responses in female mice only, again independent of genotype. 5-HT1A KO mice showed an increased locomotor response to acute Meth in both sexes, as well as increased PPI and decreased startle responses in female mice only, independent of Meth pretreatment. In conclusion, the effects of chronic Meth appear unaffected by the absence of the 5-HT1A receptor. These results do not support a role of the 5-HT1A receptor in Meth-induced psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jaehne
- Department Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dzeneta Ameti
- Department Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tehani Paiva
- Department Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Department Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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O’Tuathaigh CMP, Fumagalli F, Desbonnet L, Perez-Branguli F, Moloney G, Loftus S, O’Leary C, Petit E, Cox R, Tighe O, Clarke G, Lai D, Harvey RP, Cryan JF, Mitchell KJ, Dinan TG, Riva MA, Waddington JL. Epistatic and Independent Effects on Schizophrenia-Related Phenotypes Following Co-disruption of the Risk Factors Neuregulin-1 × DISC1. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:214-225. [PMID: 27613806 PMCID: PMC5216856 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have addressed likely gene × gene (ie, epistatic) interactions in mediating risk for schizophrenia. Using a preclinical genetic approach, we investigated whether simultaneous disruption of the risk factors Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) would produce a disease-relevant phenotypic profile different from that observed following disruption to either gene alone. NRG1 heterozygotes exhibited hyperactivity and disruption to prepulse inhibition, both reversed by antipsychotic treatment, and accompanied by reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptor protein expression, impaired social cognition, and altered glutamatergic synaptic protein expression in selected brain areas. Single gene DISC1 mutants demonstrated a disruption in social cognition and nest-building, altered brain 5-hydroxytryptamine levels and hippocampal ErbB4 expression, and decreased cortical expression of the schizophrenia-associated microRNA miR-29b. Co-disruption of DISC1 and NRG1, indicative of epistasis, evoked an impairment in sociability and enhanced self-grooming, accompanied by changes in hypothalamic oxytocin/vasopressin gene expression. The findings indicate specific behavioral correlates and underlying cellular pathways downstream of main effects of DNA variation in the schizophrenia-associated genes NRG1 and DISC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm M. P. O’Tuathaigh
- School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2,Ireland;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland; tel: +353-(0)21-420-5303, fax: +353-(0)21-490-1594, e-mail:
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita` degli Studi di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | - Lieve Desbonnet
- Neurogastroenterology Laboratory, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesc Perez-Branguli
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;,IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerard Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samim Loftus
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claire O’Leary
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2,Ireland
| | - Emilie Petit
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2,Ireland
| | - Rachel Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2,Ireland
| | - Orna Tighe
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2,Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Neurogastroenterology Laboratory, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;,Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Donna Lai
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - John F. Cryan
- Neurogastroenterology Laboratory, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin J. Mitchell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Neurogastroenterology Laboratory, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;,Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco A. Riva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita` degli Studi di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | - John L. Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2,Ireland;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Panzica G, Melcangi RC. Structural and molecular brain sexual differences: A tool to understand sex differences in health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 67:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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