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Feusner JD, Nowacka A, Ly R, Luders E, Kurth F. Corpus callosum morphology and relationships to illness phenotypes in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11112. [PMID: 38750237 PMCID: PMC11096409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is an often-severe psychiatric illness characterized by significantly low body weight, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. Multiple neuroimaging studies have shown abnormalities in cortical morphology, mostly associated with the starvation state. Investigations of white matter, while more limited in number, have suggested global and regional volume reductions, as well as abnormal diffusivity in multiple regions including the corpus callosum. Yet, no study has specifically examined thickness of the corpus callosum, a large white matter tract instrumental in the inter-hemispheric integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. We analyzed MRI data from 48 adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa and 50 healthy controls, all girls/women, to compare corpus callosum thickness and examined relationships with body mass index (BMI), illness duration, and eating disorder symptoms (controlling for BMI). There were no significant group differences in corpus callosum thickness. In the anorexia nervosa group, severity of body shape concerns was significantly, positively correlated with callosal thickness in the rostrum, genu, rostral body, isthmus, and splenium. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between eating disorder-related obsessions and compulsions and thickness of the anterior midbody, rostral body, and splenium. There were no significant associations between callosal thickness and BMI or illness duration. In sum, those with AN with worse concerns about bodily appearance and worse eating disorder-related obsessive thought patterns and compulsive behaviours have regionally thicker corpus callosum, independent of current weight status. These findings provide important neurobiological links to key, specific eating disorder behavioural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie D Feusner
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alicja Nowacka
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ronald Ly
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Departments of Neuroradiology and Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Seidel M, Geisler D, King JA, Winter M, Poller NW, Arold D, Gramatke K, Roessner V, Ehrlich S. Dynamic Changes in Local Brain Connectivity and Activity: A Longitudinal Study in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:447-458. [PMID: 38301885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state functional connectivity analysis has been used to study disruptions in neural circuitries underlying eating disorder symptoms. Research has shown resting-state functional connectivity to be altered during the acute phase of anorexia nervosa (AN), but little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying neural changes associated with weight restoration. The goal of the current study was to investigate longitudinal changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo) among neighboring voxels, degree centrality (DC) (a voxelwise whole brain correlation coefficient), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) (measuring the synchronization between hemispheres), and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations associated with weight gain during AN treatment. METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity data were acquired and analyzed from a sample of 174 female volunteers: 87 underweight patients with AN that were scanned before treatment and again after at least 12% body mass index increase, as well as 87 age-matched healthy control participants. RESULTS Longitudinal changes in ReHo, DC, VMHC, and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations were observed in most regions identified to differ between patients with AN before treatment and healthy control participants. However, the degree of normalization varied for each parameter, ranging from 9% of all clusters in DC to 66% in VMHC. Longitudinal changes in ReHo and VMHC showed a linear association weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures, including ReHo, DC, VMHC, and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, show varying degrees of recovery after short-term weight restoration. Although only some of these changes were related to weight gain, our results provide an overall positive message, suggesting that weight restoration is associated with changes in functional brain measures that point toward normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Seidel
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Winter
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nico W Poller
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominic Arold
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Gramatke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Carreiras M, Quiñones I, Chen HA, Vázquez‐Araujo L, Small D, Frost R. Sniffing out meaning: Chemosensory and semantic neural network changes in sommeliers. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26564. [PMID: 38339911 PMCID: PMC10823763 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wine tasting is a very complex process that integrates a combination of sensation, language, and memory. Taste and smell provide perceptual information that, together with the semantic narrative that converts flavor into words, seem to be processed differently between sommeliers and naïve wine consumers. We investigate whether sommeliers' wine experience shapes only chemosensory processing, as has been previously demonstrated, or if it also modulates the way in which the taste and olfactory circuits interact with the semantic network. Combining diffusion-weighted images and fMRI (activation and connectivity) we investigated whether brain response to tasting wine differs between sommeliers and nonexperts (1) in the sensory neural circuits representing flavor and/or (2) in the neural circuits for language and memory. We demonstrate that training in wine tasting shapes the microstructure of the left and right superior longitudinal fasciculus. Using mediation analysis, we showed that the experience modulates the relationship between fractional anisotropy and behavior: the higher the fractional anisotropy the higher the capacity to recognize wine complexity. In addition, we found functional differences between sommeliers and naïve consumers affecting the flavor sensory circuit, but also regions involved in semantic operations. The former reflects a capacity for differential sensory processing, while the latter reflects sommeliers' ability to attend to relevant sensory inputs and translate them into complex verbal descriptions. The enhanced synchronization between these apparently independent circuits suggests that sommeliers integrated these descriptions with previous semantic knowledge to optimize their capacity to distinguish between subtle differences in the qualitative character of the wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Carreiras
- BCBL, Basque center of Cognition, Brain and LanguageDonostia‐San SebastianSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
- Department of Basque Language and CommunicationUniversity of the Basque Country EHU/UPVBilbaoSpain
| | - Ileana Quiñones
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
- Biodonostia Health Research InstituteDonostia‐San SebastianSpain
| | - H. Alexander Chen
- Yale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- The Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Dana Small
- Yale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- The Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ram Frost
- BCBL, Basque center of Cognition, Brain and LanguageDonostia‐San SebastianSpain
- The Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
- Haskins LaboratoriesNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang M, Liu Y, Li J, Li T, Zhang L. Machine learning research based on diffusion tensor images to distinguish between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1326271. [PMID: 38274433 PMCID: PMC10808644 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1326271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), two subtypes of eating disorders, often present diagnostic challenges due to their overlapping symptoms. Machine learning has proven its capacity to improve group classification without requiring researchers to specify variables. The study aimed to distinguish between AN and BN using machine learning models based on diffusion tensor images (DTI). Methods This is a cross-sectional study, drug-naive females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were included. Demographic data and DTI were collected for all patients. Features for machine learning included Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Support vector machine was constructed by LIBSVM, MATLAB2013b, and FSL5.0.9 software. Results A total of 58 female patients (24 AN, 34 BN) were included in this study. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in age, years of education, or course of illness between the two groups. AN patients had significantly lower BMI than BN patients. The AD model exhibited an area under the curve was 0.793 (accuracy: 75.86%, sensitivity: 66.67%, specificity: 88.23%), highlighting the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG_L) and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG_L) as differentiating brain regions. AN patients exhibited lower AD features in the STG_L and MTG_L than BN. Machine learning analysis indicated no significant differences in FA, MD, and RD values between AN and BN groups (p > 0.001). Conclusion Machine learning based on DTI could effectively distinguish between AN and BN, with MTG_L and STG_L potentially serving as neuroimaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zheng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiou Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Xie H, Yu Y, Yang Y, Sun Q, Li ZY, Ni MH, Li SN, Dai P, Cui YY, Cao XY, Jiang N, Du LJ, Gao W, Bi JJ, Yan LF, Cui GB. Commonalities and distinctions between the type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and multimodal neuroimaging meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1301778. [PMID: 38125399 PMCID: PMC10731270 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1301778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are aging related diseases with high incidence. Because of the correlation of incidence rate and some possible mechanisms of comorbidity, the two diseases have been studied in combination by many researchers, and even some scholars call AD type 3 diabetes. But the relationship between the two is still controversial. Methods This study used seed-based d mapping software to conduct a meta-analysis of the whole brain resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study, exploring the differences in amplitude low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) between patients (AD or T2DM) and healthy controls (HCs), and searching for neuroimaging evidence that can explain the relationship between the two diseases. Results The final study included 22 datasets of ALFF and 22 datasets of CBF. The results of T2DM group showed that ALFF increased in both cerebellum and left inferior temporal gyrus regions, but decreased in left middle occipital gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, and left anterior central gyrus regions. In the T2DM group, CBF increased in the right supplementary motor area, while decreased in the middle occipital gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. The results of the AD group showed that the ALFF increased in the right cerebellum, right hippocampus, and right striatum, while decreased in the precuneus gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. In the AD group, CBF in the anterior precuneus gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus decreased. Multimodal analysis within a disease showed that ALFF and CBF both decreased in the occipital lobe of the T2DM group and in the precuneus and parietal lobe of the AD group. In addition, there was a common decrease of CBF in the right middle occipital gyrus in both groups. Conclusion Based on neuroimaging evidence, we believe that T2DM and AD are two diseases with their respective characteristics of central nervous activity and cerebral perfusion. The changes in CBF between the two diseases partially overlap, which is consistent with their respective clinical characteristics and also indicates a close relationship between them. Systematic review registration PROSPERO [CRD42022370014].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ze-Yang Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Hua Ni
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Ning Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Dai
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Cui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cao
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Medical School of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Juan Du
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Jun Bi
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Chen X, Dong D, Zhou F, Gao X, Liu Y, Wang J, Qin J, Tian Y, Xiao M, Xu X, Li W, Qiu J, Feng T, He Q, Lei X, Chen H. Connectome-based prediction of eating disorder-associated symptomatology. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5786-5799. [PMID: 36177890 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing knowledge on the neuroimaging patterns of eating disorder (ED) symptoms in non-clinical populations, studies using whole-brain machine learning to identify connectome-based neuromarkers of ED symptomatology are absent. This study examined the association of connectivity within and between large-scale functional networks with specific symptomatic behaviors and cognitions using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM). METHODS CPM with ten-fold cross-validation was carried out to probe functional networks that were predictive of ED-associated symptomatology, including body image concerns, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors, within the discovery sample of 660 participants. The predictive ability of the identified networks was validated using an independent sample of 821 participants. RESULTS The connectivity predictive of body image concerns was identified within and between networks implicated in cognitive control (frontoparietal and medial frontal), reward sensitivity (subcortical), and visual perception (visual). Crucially, the set of connections in the positive network related to body image concerns identified in one sample was generalized to predict body image concerns in an independent sample, suggesting the replicability of this effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the feasibility of using the functional connectome to predict ED symptomatology in the general population and provide the first evidence that functional interplay among distributed networks predicts body shape/weight concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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The shared white matter developmental trajectory anomalies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 124:110731. [PMID: 36764642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show common brain area abnormalities, which may contribute to the high shared co-occurrence symptoms and comorbidity of the two disorders. However, neuroanatomic anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders may change over the course of development, and the developmental variation of these two disorders is unclear. Our study conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases to identify disorder-shared abnormalities of white matter (WM) from childhood to adulthood in ADHD and ASD. 28 ADHD and 23 ASD datasets were included in this meta-analysis and were analysed by AES-SDM to detect differences in fractional anisotropy in patients compared to typically developing individuals. Our main findings reveal the variable WM developmental trajectories in ADHD and ASD respectively, and the two disorders showed overlapping corpus callosum tract abnormalities in their development from children to adults. Furthermore, the overlapping abnormalities of the corpus callosum tract increased with age, which may be related to their gradually increasing shared symptoms and comorbidity in these two disorders.
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Gander M, Lenhart L, Steiger R, Buchheim A, Mangesius S, Birkl C, Haid-Stecher N, Fuchs M, Libal A, Dabkowska-Mika A, Gizewski ER, Sevecke K. Attachment Trauma Is Associated with White Matter Fiber Microstructural Alterations in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa before and after Exposure to Psychotherapeutic and Nutritional Treatment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050798. [PMID: 37239270 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we explore the role of attachment for microstructural white matter (WM) changes in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after exposure to short-term and nutritional treatment. The case sample consisted of 22 female adolescent inpatients with AN (mean age: 15.2 ± 1.2 years) and the control sample were 18 gender-matched healthy adolescents (mean age: 16.8 ± 0.9 years). We performed a 3T MRI in the patient group during the acute state of AN and after weight restoration (duration: 2.6 ± 1 months) and compared the data to a healthy control group. To classify attachment patterns, we used the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System. In the patient sample, over 50% were classified with an attachment trauma/unresolved attachment status. Prior to treatment exposure, fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions and concordant mean diffusivity (MD) increases were evident in the fornix, the corpus callosum and WM regions of the thalamus, which normalized in the corpus callosum and the fornix post-therapy in the total patient sample (p < 0.002). In the acute state, patients with an attachment trauma demonstrated significant FA decreases compared to healthy controls, but no MD increases, in the corpus callosum and cingulum bilaterally, which remained decreased after therapy. Attachment patterns seem to be associated with region-specific changes of WM alterations in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gander
- Institute of Psychology, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tirol Kliniken, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Lukas Lenhart
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institute of Psychology, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephanie Mangesius
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Birkl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Haid-Stecher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tirol Kliniken, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Martin Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tirol Kliniken, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Anna Libal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tirol Kliniken, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Dabkowska-Mika
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Ruth Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Sevecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tirol Kliniken, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Martini M, Marzola E, Musso M, Brustolin A, Abbate-Daga G. Association of emotion recognition ability and interpersonal emotional competence in anorexia nervosa: A study with a multimodal dynamic task. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:407-417. [PMID: 36373846 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal difficulties are evidenced in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and are thought to contribute to disease onset and maintenance, however, research in the framework of emotional competence is currently limited. Previous studies have often only used static images for emotion recognition tasks, and evidence is lacking on the relationships between performance-based emotional abilities and self-reported intra- and interpersonal emotional traits. This study aimed to test multimodal dynamic emotion recognition ability in AN and analyze its correlation with the psychometric scores of self- and other-related emotional competence. METHOD A total of 268 participants (128 individuals with AN and 140 healthy controls) completed the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test, the Profile of Emotional Competence, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and measures of general and eating psychopathology. Scores were compared between the two groups. Linear mixed effects models were utilized to examine the relationship between emotion recognition ability and self-reported measures and clinical variables. RESULTS Individuals with AN showed significantly poorer recognition of emotions of both negative and positive valence and significantly lower scores in all emotional competence dimensions. Beside emotion type and group, linear mixed models evidenced significant effects of interpersonal comprehension on emotion recognition ability. DISCUSSION Individuals with AN show impairment in multimodal emotion recognition and report their difficulties accordingly. Notably, among all emotional competence dimensions, interpersonal comprehension emerges as a significant correlate to emotion recognition in others, and could represent a specific area of intervention in the treatment of individuals with AN. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we evidence that the ability to recognize the emotions displayed by others is related to the level of interpersonal emotional competence reported by individuals with anorexia nervosa. This result helps in understanding the social impairments in people with anorexia nervosa and could contribute to advancements in the application of the training of emotional competence in the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Martini
- Eating Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini,", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Marzola
- Eating Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini,", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Musso
- Eating Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini,", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Annalisa Brustolin
- Eating Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini,", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Eating Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini,", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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Pappaianni E, Barona M, Doucet GE, Clark C, Frangou S, Micali N. Neurocognitive Endophenotypes for Eating Disorders: A Preliminary High-Risk Family Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010099. [PMID: 36672080 PMCID: PMC9856317 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric disorders with a neurobiological basis. ED-specific neuropsychological and brain characteristics have been identified, but often in individuals in the acute phase or recovered from EDs, precluding an understanding of whether they are correlates and scars of EDs vs. predisposing factors. Although familial high-risk (FHR) studies are available across other disorders, this study design has not been used in EDs. We carried out the first FMH study in EDs, investigating healthy offspring of women with EDs and controls. We preliminarily aimed to investigate ED-related neurocognitive and brain markers that could point to predisposing factors for ED. Sixteen girls at FHR for EDs and twenty control girls (age range: 8−15), completed neuropsychological tests assessing executive functions. Girls also underwent a resting-state fMRI scan to quantify functional connectivity (FC) within resting-state networks. Girls at FHR for EDs performed worse on a cognitive flexibility task compared with controls (F = 5.53, p = 0.02). Moreover, they showed different FC compared with controls in several resting-state networks (p < 0.05 FDR-corrected). Differences identified in cognitive flexibility and in FC are in line with those identified in individuals with EDs, strongly pointing to a role as potential endophenotypes of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pappaianni
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Center Ballerup, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Manuela Barona
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gaelle E. Doucet
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA
| | - Christopher Clark
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nadia Micali
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Center Ballerup, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Correspondence:
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11
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Affective cognition in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance on the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2291-2307. [PMID: 35384555 PMCID: PMC9556412 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is listed in the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria as a tool apt to measure the understanding of others' mental states. People diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) showed poorer performances on the RMET than healthy controls. Less data are available concerning other eating disorders. METHODS Systematic review of four major databases from inception to July 15, 2021 following the PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional observational studies comparing the scores of the RMET between patients with eating disorders and age- and-gender matched control groups. RESULTS Out of 21 studies, we retrieved 29 independent samples of patients diagnosed with an eating disorder. Patients with active AN (n = 580) showed worse performances on the RMET than controls (n = 1019). Year of publication accounted for 61% of the (substantial: I2 = 81%) heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Earlier studies were more likely to find worse performances on the RMET of patients with active AN than later studies. Patients with bulimia nervosa (n = 185) performed poorly as compared to controls (n = 249), but the results were not statistically significant on the random-effect model. Obese patients with binge-eating disorder (n = 54) did not differ on the RMET from obese controls (n = 52). Patients with eating disorder not otherwise specified (n = 57) showed minimal differences compared to controls (n = 96). Study quality was good in six studies only. CONCLUSIONS Patients with eating disorders do not suffer from an impaired understanding of others' mental states, except for a still-to-be-identified subgroup of patients with active AN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I, systematic review and meta-analysis.
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12
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Sader M, Williams JHG, Waiter GD. A meta-analytic investigation of grey matter differences in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:560-579. [PMID: 35526083 PMCID: PMC9543727 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research reports Anorexia Nervosa (AN) to be highly dependent upon neurobiological function. Some behaviours, particularly concerning food selectivity are found in populations with both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and AN, and there is a proportionally elevated number of anorexic patients exhibiting symptoms of ASD. We performed a systematic review of structural MRI literature with the aim of identifying common structural neural correlates common to both AN and ASD. Across 46 ASD publications, a meta‐analysis of volumetric differences between ASD and healthy controls revealed no consistently affected brain regions. Meta‐analysis of 23 AN publications revealed increased volume within the orbitofrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe, and adult‐only AN literature revealed differences within the genu of the anterior cingulate cortex. The changes are consistent with alterations in flexible reward‐related learning and episodic memory reported in neuropsychological studies. There was no structural overlap between ASD and AN. Findings suggest no consistent neuroanatomical abnormality associated with ASD, and evidence is lacking to suggest that reported behavioural similarities between those with AN and ASD are due to neuroanatomical structural similarities. Findings related to neuroanatomical structure in AN/ASD demonstrate overlap and require revisiting. Meta‐analytic findings show structural increase/decrease versus healthy controls (LPFC/MTL/OFC) in AN, but no clusters found in ASD. The neuroanatomy associated with ASD is inconsistent, but findings in AN reflect condition‐related impairment in executive function and sociocognitive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sader
- Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Justin H G Williams
- Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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13
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Maier S, Joos A, Tebartz van Elst L, Ebert D, Endres D, Domschke K, Lahmann C, Zeeck A, Runge K, Denzel D, Reisert M, Nickel K. Reduced structural connectivity in the corpus callosum in patients with anorexia nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:341-352. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Joos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Claas Lahmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Almut Zeeck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Kimon Runge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominik Denzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
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14
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Laczkovics C, Nenning KH, Wittek T, Schmidbauer V, Schwarzenberg J, Maurer ES, Wagner G, Seidel S, Philipp J, Prayer D, Kasprian G, Karwautz A. White matter integrity is disrupted in adolescents with acute anorexia nervosa: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 320:111427. [PMID: 34952446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly debilitating mental illness with multifactorial etiology. It oftentimes begins in adolescence, therefore understanding the pathophysiology in this period is important. Few studies investigated the possible impact of the acute state of illness on white matter (WM) tissue properties in the developing adolescent brain. The present study expands our understanding of the implications of AN and starvation on WM integrity. 67 acutely ill adolescent patients suffering from AN restricting type were compared with 32 healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging assessing fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). We found widespread alterations in the vast majority of the WM regions with significantly decreased FA and increased MD in the AN group. In this highly selective sample in the acute stage of AN, the alterations are likely to be the consequence of starvation. Still, we cannot rule out that some of the affected regions might play a key role in AN-specific psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Laczkovics
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karl-Heinz Nenning
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Wittek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Schmidbauer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Schwarzenberg
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Sophie Maurer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Philipp
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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15
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Pappaianni E, Borsarini B, Doucet GE, Hochman A, Frangou S, Micali N. Initial evidence of abnormal brain plasticity in anorexia nervosa: an ultra-high field study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2589. [PMID: 35173174 PMCID: PMC8850617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia Nervosa has been associated with white matter abnormalities implicating subcortical abnormal myelination. Extending these findings to intracortical myelin has been challenging but ultra-high field neuroimaging offers new methodological opportunities. To test the integrity of intracortical myelin in AN we used 7 T neuroimaging to acquire T1-weighted images optimized for intracortical myelin from seven females with AN (age range: 18-33) and 11 healthy females (age range: 23-32). Intracortical T1 values (inverse index of myelin concentration) were extracted from 148 cortical regions at ten depth-levels across the cortical ribbon. Across all cortical regions, these levels were averaged to generate estimates of total intracortical myelin concentration and were clustered using principal component analyses into two clusters; the outer cluster comprised T1 values across depth-levels ranging from the CSF boundary to the middle of the cortical regions and the inner cluster comprised T1 values across depth-levels ranging from the middle of the cortical regions to the gray/white matter boundary. Individuals with AN exhibited higher T1 values (i.e., decreased intracortical myelin concentration) in all three metrics. It remains to be established if these abnormalities result from undernutrition or specific lipid nutritional imbalances, or are trait markers; and whether they may contribute to neurobiological deficits seen in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pappaianni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 2 Rue Verte, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Borsarini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 2 Rue Verte, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ayelet Hochman
- Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 2 Rue Verte, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to describe how emerging technological developments in pre-clinical animal research can be harnessed to accelerate research in anorexia nervosa (AN). RECENT FINDINGS The activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm, the best characterized animal model of AN, combines restricted feeding, excessive exercise, and weight loss. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that pathophysiological weight loss in this model is due to cognitive inflexibility, a clinical feature of AN. Targeted manipulations that recapitulate brain changes reported in AN - hyperdopaminergia or hyperactivity of cortical inputs to the nucleus accumbens - exacerbate weight loss in the ABA paradigm, providing the first evidence of causality. The power of preclinical research lies in the ability to assess the consequences of targeted manipulations of neuronal circuits that have been implicated in clinical research. Additional paradigms are needed to capture other features of AN that are not seen in ABA.
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17
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Seitz-Holland J, Lyons M, Kushan L, Lin A, Villalon-Reina JE, Cho KIK, Zhang F, Billah T, Bouix S, Kubicki M, Bearden CE, Pasternak O. Opposing white matter microstructure abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion and duplication carriers. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:580. [PMID: 34759270 PMCID: PMC8581007 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions and duplications at the 22q11.2 locus are associated with significant neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity. Previous diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in 22q11.2 deletion carriers (22q-del) found nonspecific white matter (WM) abnormalities, characterized by higher fractional anisotropy. Here, utilizing novel imaging and processing methods that allow separation of signal contribution from different tissue properties, we investigate whether higher anisotropy is driven by (1) extracellular changes, (2) selective degeneration of secondary fibers, or (3) volumetric differences. We further, for the first time, investigate WM microstructure in 22q11.2 duplication carriers (22q-dup). Multi-shell diffusion-weighted images were acquired from 26 22q-del, 19 22q-dup, and 18 healthy individuals (HC). Images were fitted with the free-water model to estimate anisotropy following extracellular free-water elimination and with the novel BedpostX model to estimate fractional volumes of primary and secondary fiber populations. Outcome measures were compared between groups, with and without correction for WM and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes. In 22q-del, anisotropy following free-water elimination remained significantly higher compared with controls. BedpostX did not identify selective secondary fiber degeneration. Higher anisotropy diminished when correcting for the higher CSF and lower WM volumes. In contrast, 22q-dup had lower anisotropy and greater extracellular space than HC, not influenced by macrostructural volumes. Our findings demonstrate opposing effects of reciprocal 22q11.2 copy-number variation on WM, which may arise from distinct pathologies. In 22q-del, microstructural abnormalities may be secondary to enlarged CSF space and more densely packed WM. In 22q-dup, we see evidence for demyelination similar to what is commonly observed in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
| | - Monica Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Julio E Villalon-Reina
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Kang Ik Kevin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Tashrif Billah
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
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18
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Griffiths KR, Martin Monzon B, Madden S, Kohn MR, Touyz S, Sachdev PS, Clarke S, Foroughi N, Hay P. White matter microstructural differences in underweight adolescents with anorexia nervosa and a preliminary longitudinal investigation of change following short-term weight restoration. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1903-1914. [PMID: 33051857 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) affects approximately 2.9% of females and has the highest mortality rate among all psychiatric disorders. Despite several advances, the neurobiology of this disorder is still not well understood. Several studies have reported abnormalities in the white matter, but it is not know if these are disease-related or secondary to undernutrition. This study aimed to further our understanding of white matter pathology using diffusion-weighted imaging in underweight adolescents with AN, and to examine changes occurring after short-term weight restoration. METHODS Analyses were conducted on diffusion-weighted imaging from 24 female adolescents with AN and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC), aged 14-19 years. Groups were compared on fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) using tract-based spatial statistics analysis and DTI measures were correlated with eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) subscales and body mass index (BMI). Preliminary repeated-measure analyses were also conducted on eight participants after short-term weight restoration (median 41 days). RESULTS Widespread increases in MD of up to 9% were found in underweight AN relative to HC, particularly in the corpus callosum. This was associated with both increased AD and RD, suggestive of dys- or de-myelination. There were no significant group differences in FA, and no significant correlations between DTI measures, BMI or EDE-Q subscale score. Weight restoration therapy significantly reduced MD, to levels significantly lower than HC, but did not consistently alter FA across individuals. CONCLUSIONS White matter microstructure is significantly altered in female adolescents with AN, with preliminary longitudinal data suggesting that it may be reversible with short-term weight restoration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi R Griffiths
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Beatriz Martin Monzon
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sloane Madden
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael R Kohn
- Centre for Research Into Adolescents' Health (CRASH), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon Clarke
- Centre for Research Into Adolescents' Health (CRASH), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nasim Foroughi
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Song W, Qian W, Wang W, Yu S, Lin GN. Mendelian randomization studies of brain MRI yield insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:342. [PMID: 34078268 PMCID: PMC8171058 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have identified various associations between neuroimaging alterations and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether such associations could truly reflect causal relations remains still unknown. RESULTS Here, we leveraged genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for (1) 11 psychiatric disorders (sample sizes varied from n = 9,725 to 1,331,010); (2) 110 diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurement (sample size n = 17,706); (3) 101 region-of-interest (ROI) volumes, and investigate the causal relationship between brain structures and neuropsychiatric disorders by two-sample Mendelian randomization. Among all DTI-Disorder combinations, we observed a significant causal association between the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the risk of Anorexia nervosa (AN) (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95 % confidence interval: 0.50 ~ 0.76, P = 6.4 × 10- 6). Similar significant associations were also observed between the body of the corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy) and Alzheimer's disease (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.03 ~ 1.11, P = 4.1 × 10- 5). By combining all observations, we found that the overall p-value for DTI - Disorder associations was significantly elevated compared to the null distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov P = 0.009, inflation factor λ = 1.37), especially for DTI - Bipolar disorder (BP) (λ = 2.64) and DTI - AN (λ = 1.82). In contrast, for ROI-Disorder combinations, we only found a significant association between the brain region of pars triangularis and Schizophrenia (OR = 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.34 ~ 0.69, P = 5.9 × 10- 5) and no overall p-value elevation for ROI-Disorder analysis compared to the null expectation. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, we show that SLF degeneration may be a risk factor for AN, while DTI variations could be causally related to some neuropsychiatric disorders, such as BP and AN. Also, the white matter structure might have a larger impact on neuropsychiatric disorders than subregion volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Song
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidi Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Li X, Wang J. Abnormal neural activities in adults and youths with major depressive disorder during emotional processing: a meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1134-1154. [PMID: 32710330 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal neural activities during emotional processing have been found in both adults and youths with major depressive disorder. However, findings were inconsistent in each group and cannot be compared to each other. METHODS We first identified neuroimaging experiments that revealed abnormal neural activities during emotional processing in patients with major depressive disorder published from January 1997 to January 2019. Then we conducted voxel-wise meta-analyses on adult and youth patients separately and compared the two age groups using direct meta-comparison. RESULTS Fifty-four studies comprising 1141 patients and 1242 healthy controls were identified. Both adult and youth patients showed abnormal neural activities in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, superior and middle temporal gyrus, and occipital cortex compared to healthy controls. However, hyperactivities in the superior and middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, and hippocampus were only observed in adult patients, while hyperactivity in the striatum was only found in youth patients compared to controls. In addition, compared with youths, adult patients exhibited significantly greater abnormal activities in insula, middle frontal gyrus, and hippocampus, and significantly lower abnormal activities in middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, and striatum. CONCLUSIONS The common alterations confirmed the negative processing bias in major depressive disorder. Both adult and youth patients were suggested to have disturbed emotional perception, appraisal, and reactivity. However, adult patients might be more subject to the impaired appraisal and reactivity processes, while youth patients were more subject to the impaired perception process. These findings help us understand the progressive pathophysiology of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqian Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4067, Australia
| | - Junjing Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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21
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Kappou K, Ntougia M, Kourtesi A, Panagouli E, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Michalacos S, Gonidakis F, Mastorakos G, Psaltopoulou T, Tsolia M, Bacopoulou F, Sergentanis TN, Tsitsika A. Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:137. [PMID: 33673193 PMCID: PMC7918703 DOI: 10.3390/children8020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious, multifactorial mental disorder affecting predominantly young females. This systematic review examines neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults up to 24 years old, in order to explore alterations associated with disease pathophysiology. METHODS Eligible studies on structural and functional brain neuroimaging were sought systematically in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases up to 5 October 2020. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included, investigating a total of 587 patients with a current diagnosis of AN and 663 healthy controls (HC). Global and regional grey matter (GM) volume reduction as well as white matter (WM) microstructure alterations were detected. The mainly affected regions were the prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, thalamus and cerebellum as well as various WM tracts such as corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Regarding functional imaging, alterations were pointed out in large-scale brain networks, such as default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN). Most findings appear to reverse after weight restoration. Specific limitations of neuroimaging studies in still developing individuals are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS Structural and functional alterations are present in the early course of the disease, most of them being partially or totally reversible. Nonetheless, neuroimaging findings have been open to many biological interpretations. Thus, more studies are needed to clarify their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Kappou
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
| | - Myrto Ntougia
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Kourtesi
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
| | - Eleni Panagouli
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
| | - Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefanos Michalacos
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsolia
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, “Agia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Tsitsika
- MSc “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.N.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (T.P.); (M.T.); (T.N.S.)
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22
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Wei X, Luo C, Li Q, Hu N, Xiao Y, Liu N, Lui S, Gong Q. White Matter Abnormalities in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:610962. [PMID: 33584244 PMCID: PMC7876070 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.610962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have revealed extensive abnormalities in white matter (WM) fibers of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analytical approach was used in this study to find the most prominent and replicable WM abnormalities of PD. Methods: Online databases were systematically searched for all TBSS studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) between patients with PD and controls. Subsequently, we performed the meta-analysis using a coordinate-based meta-analytic software called seed-based d mapping. Meanwhile, meta-regression was performed to explore the potential correlation between the alteration of FA and the clinical characteristics of PD. Results: Out of a total of 1,701 studies that were identified, 23 studies were included. Thirty datasets, including 915 patients (543 men) with PD and 836 healthy controls (449 men), were included in the current study. FA reduction was identified in the body of the corpus callosum (CC; 245 voxels; z = -1.739; p < 0.001) and the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) 118 voxels; z = -1.182; p < 0.001). Both CC and IFOF maintained significance in the sensitivity analysis. No increase in FA was identified, but the percentage of male patients with PD was positively associated with the value of FA in the body of the CC. Conclusions: Although some limitations exist, DTI is regarded as a valid way to identify the pathophysiology of PD. It could be more beneficial to integrate DTI parameters with other MRI techniques to explore brain degeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Taniguchi K, Ikeda Y, Nagase N, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Implications of Gut-Brain axis in the pathogenesis of Psychiatric disorders. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Psychiatric disorders may extremely impair the quality of life with patients and are important reasons of social disability. Several data have shown that psychiatric disorders are associated with an altered composition of gut microbiota. Dietary intake could determine the microbiota, which contribute to produce various metabolites of fermentation such as short chain fatty acids. Some of the metabolites could result in epigenetic alterations leading to the disease susceptibility. Epigenetic dysfunction is in fact implicated in various psychiatric and neurologic disorders. For example, it has been shown that neuroepigenetic dysregulation occurs in psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Several studies have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiome may influence the function of central nervous system. Furthermore, it has been proved that the alterations in the gut microbiota-composition might affect in the bidirectional communication between gut and brain. Similarly, evidences demonstrating the association between psychiatric disorders and the gut microbiota have come from preclinical studies. It is clear that an intricate symbiotic relationship might exist between host and microbe, although the practical significance of the gut microbiota has not yet to be determined. In this review, we have summarized the function of gut microbiota in main psychiatric disorders with respect to the mental health. In addition, we would like to discuss the potential mechanisms of the disorders for the practical diagnosis and future treatment by using bioengineering of microbiota and their metabolites.</p>
</abstract>
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24
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Microstructural white matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 55:102467. [PMID: 33186822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no conclusive diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for now. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of DTI studies to identify white matter (WM) microarchitecture changes in OCD, and also to compare the results differences between the two most frequently used methods (voxel-based analysis, VBA versus tract-based spatial statistics, TBSS) for DTI data. METHODS A systematic search was performed on relevant studies that reported fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations between patients with OCD and healthy controls (HC). Seed-based d mapping (SDM) was applied to analyze microstructural WM abnormalities in OCD patients. Subgroup meta-analysis was subsequently performed to explore methodological differences between VBA and TBSS approaches. RESULTS A total of 30 studies (with 31 datasets) that comprised 855 patients and 875 HC were identified. OCD patients exhibited significantly decreased FA in the right cerebellar hemispheric lobule, corpus callosum (CC), left superior frontal gyrus (orbital part), right gyrus rectus, left superior longitudinal fasciculus and right lenticular nucleus in the pooled meta-analysis. The VBA subgroup showed lower FA in several brain regions while the TBSS subgroup only exhibited significant FA reductions in the CC. CONCLUSION According to the pooled meta-analysis, OCD patients presented microstructural abnormalities in distributed WM tracts. However, heterogeneous results were found between VBA and TBSS studies.
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25
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Breithaupt L, Chunga-Iturry N, Lyall AE, Cetin-Karayumak S, Becker KR, Thomas JJ, Slattery M, Makris N, Plessow F, Pasternak O, Holsen LM, Kubicki M, Misra M, Lawson EA, Eddy KT. Developmental stage-dependent relationships between ghrelin levels and hippocampal white matter connections in low-weight anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104722. [PMID: 32512249 PMCID: PMC8629489 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disruptions in homeostatic and hedonic food motivation are proposed to underlie anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN, restrictive eating disorders which commonly onset in puberty. Ghrelin, a neuroprotective hormone that drives hedonic eating is increased in AN and is expressed in the hippocampus. White matter (WM) undergoes significant change during puberty in regions involved in food motivation, particularly WM tracts connected with the hippocampus. The association between ghrelin and WM region of interest (ROI) with hippocampal connections in restrictive eating disorders, particularly in adolescence during key neurodevelopmental growth, is unknown. METHODS We evaluated fasting plasma ghrelin and WM microstructure (measured by free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA-t)) in WM ROIs with hippocampal connections - the fornix and the hippocampal portion of the cingulum - in 56 adolescent females (age range: 11.9 - 22.1 y; mean: 19.0 y) with low-weight eating disorders including AN and atypical AN (N = 36) and healthy controls (N = 20). RESULTS FA-t in the fornix or hippocampal portion of the fornix did not differ between groups. Ghrelin was higher in AN/atypical AN vs. HC and was positively correlated with puberty stage in the AN/atypical AN group, but not the HC group. The correlation between ghrelin and FA-t in the fornix was significantly different in females with AN/atypical AN compared to controls. In AN/atypical AN, pubertal stage moderated the relation between fasting plasma ghrelin and FA-t in the fornix: higher fasting ghrelin was associated with lower FA-t in the fornix in late-post-puberty, but was not associated with FA-t in the early to mid stages of puberty. CONCLUSIONS In post-pubertal females with low-weight AN/atypical AN, higher levels of ghrelin are associated with lower FA-t in the fornix. This relationship is not evident in the early to mid stages of puberty in AN/atypical AN or in HC, and may reflect a lack of possible neuroprotective effects of ghrelin in late-post puberty only. Understanding the effects of ghrelin on WM microstructure longitudinally and following recovery from AN/Atypical AN and how this differs across pubertal stages will be an important next step. These findings could ultimately inform treatment staging and aid in diagnosis and detection of AN/atypical AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Breithaupt
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Natalia Chunga-Iturry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kendra R Becker
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan Slattery
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Polygenic factors are relevant for the genetic predispositions to the eating disorder anorexia nervosa (AN). The most recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) for AN comprised almost 17,000 patients with AN and controls. A total of eight genome-wide significant polygenic loci associated with AN have been identified. Each single polygenic locus makes only a small contribution to the development of AN. Analyses across different traits successfully identified regions/genes for AN that had not been detected by analyses of the single traits. Functional studies of the genes derived by GWAS studies aim to improve the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in eating disorders. Epigenetic studies have not yet successfully contributed to the understanding of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hirtz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen , University of Duisburg-Essen , Virchowstrasse 174 , Essen , Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II , University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Hufelandstraße 55 , Essen , Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen , University of Duisburg-Essen , Virchowstrasse 174 , Essen , Germany
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27
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Hemmingsen SD, Lichtenstein MB, Hussain AA, Sjögren JM, Støving RK. Case report: cognitive performance in an extreme case of anorexia nervosa with a body mass index of 7.7. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:284. [PMID: 32503476 PMCID: PMC7275539 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that adult patients with anorexia nervosa display cognitive impairments. These impairments may be caused by illness-related circumstances such as low weight. However, the question is whether there is a cognitive adaptation to enduring undernutrition in anorexia nervosa. To our knowledge, cognitive performance has not been assessed previously in a patient with anorexia nervosa with a body mass index as low as 7.7 kg/m2. CASE PRESENTATION We present the cognitive profile of a 35-year-old woman with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa who was diagnosed at the age of 10 years. She was assessed with a broad neuropsychological test battery three times during a year. Her body mass index was 8.4, 9.3, and 7.7 kg/m2, respectively. Her general memory performance was above the normal range and she performed well on verbal and design fluency tasks. Her working memory and processing speed were within the normal range. However, her results on cognitive flexibility tasks (set-shifting) were below the normal range. CONCLUSIONS The case study suggests that it is possible to perform normally cognitively despite extreme and chronic malnutrition though set-shifting ability may be affected. This opens for discussion whether patients with anorexia nervosa can maintain neuropsychological performance in spite of extreme underweight and starvation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02502617. Registered 20 July 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Daugaard Hemmingsen
- Centre for Eating Disorder, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Research Unit for Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark. .,The Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- Centre for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark ,grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alia Arif Hussain
- grid.466916.a0000 0004 0631 4836Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Magnus Sjögren
- grid.466916.a0000 0004 0631 4836Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Klinkby Støving
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Centre for Eating Disorder, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ,grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Research Unit for Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ,grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark ,Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark ,The Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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28
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Abstract
Eating disorders are disabling, deadly, and costly mental disorders that considerably impair physical health and disrupt psychosocial functioning. Disturbed attitudes towards weight, body shape, and eating play a key role in the origin and maintenance of eating disorders. Eating disorders have been increasing over the past 50 years and changes in the food environment have been implicated. All health-care providers should routinely enquire about eating habits as a component of overall health assessment. Six main feeding and eating disorders are now recognised in diagnostic systems: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder, pica, and rumination disorder. The presentation form of eating disorders might vary for men versus women, for example. As eating disorders are under-researched, there is a great deal of uncertainty as to their pathophysiology, treatment, and management. Future challenges, emerging treatments, and outstanding research questions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tiago Antunes Duarte
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Zhang S, Wang W, Su X, Li L, Yang X, Su J, Tan Q, Zhao Y, Sun H, Kemp GJ, Gong Q, Yue Q. White Matter Abnormalities in Anorexia Nervosa: Psychoradiologic Evidence From Meta-Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies Using Tract Based Spatial Statistics. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:159. [PMID: 32194371 PMCID: PMC7063983 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating illness whose neural basis remains unclear. Studies using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have demonstrated differences in white matter (WM) microarchitecture in AN, but the findings are inconclusive and controversial. Objectives: To identify the most consistent WM abnormalities among previous TBSS studies of differences in WM microarchitecture in AN. Methods: By systematically searching online databases, a total of 11 datasets were identified, including 245 patients with AN and 246 healthy controls (HC). We used Seed-based d Mapping to analyze fractional anisotropy (FA) differences between AN patients and HC, and performed meta-regression analysis to explore the effects of clinical characteristics on WM abnormalities in AN. Results: The pooled results of all AN patients showed robustly lower FA in the corpus callosum (CC) and the cingulum compared to HC. These two regions preserved significance in the sensitivity analysis as well as in all subgroup analyses. Fiber tracking showed that the WM tracts primarily involved were the body of the CC and the cingulum bundle. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the body mass index and mean age were not linearly correlated with the lower FA. Conclusions: The most consistent WM microstructural differences in AN were in the interhemispheric connections and limbic association fibers. These common “targets” advance our understanding of the complex neural mechanisms underlying the puzzling symptoms of AN, and may help in developing early treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xibiao Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingkai Su
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoyue Tan
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Treasure J, Willmott D, Ambwani S, Cardi V, Clark Bryan D, Rowlands K, Schmidt U. Cognitive Interpersonal Model for Anorexia Nervosa Revisited: The Perpetuating Factors that Contribute to the Development of the Severe and Enduring Illness. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E630. [PMID: 32120847 PMCID: PMC7141127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cognitive interpersonal model was outlined initially in 2006 in a paper describing the valued and visible aspects of anorexia nervosa (Schmidt and Treasure, 2006). In 2013, we summarised many of the cognitive and emotional traits underpinning the model (Treasure and Schmidt, 2013). In this paper, we describe in more detail the perpetuating aspects of the model, which include the inter- and intrapersonal related consequences of isolation, depression, and chronic stress that accumulate in the severe and enduring stage of the illness. Since we developed the model, we have been using it to frame research and development at the Maudsley. We have developed and tested interventions for both patients and close others, refining the model through iterative cycles of model/intervention development in line with the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for complex interventions. For example, we have defined the consequences of living with the illness on close others (including medical professionals) and characterised the intense emotional reactions and behaviours that follow. For the individual with an eating disorder, these counter-reactions can allow the eating disorder to become entrenched. In addition, the consequent chronic stress from starvation and social pain set in motion processes such as depression, neuroprogression, and neuroadaptation. Thus, anorexia nervosa develops a life of its own that is resistant to treatment. In this paper, we describe the underpinnings of the model and how this can be targeted into treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (D.C.B.); (K.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Daniel Willmott
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (D.C.B.); (K.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Suman Ambwani
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA17013, USA;
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (D.C.B.); (K.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Danielle Clark Bryan
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (D.C.B.); (K.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Katie Rowlands
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (D.C.B.); (K.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (D.C.B.); (K.R.); (U.S.)
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31
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Meneguzzo P, Collantoni E, Solmi M, Tenconi E, Favaro A. Anorexia nervosa and diffusion weighted imaging: An open methodological question raised by a systematic review and a fractional anisotropy anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:1237-1250. [PMID: 31518016 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by white matter abnormalities in neuroimaging studies. Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) index that is considered an instrument for the evaluation of white matter alterations. However, the literature has recently pointed out the role of the partial volume effect (PVE) as a confounding factor for the identification of juxtaposed tissues. Our goal was to review the DTI literature in AN and evaluate possible confounding factors linked to the reported results. METHOD A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify Diffusion Tensor Imaging studies of individuals with AN and, subsequently, an anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was performed on studies published before March 18, 2019. RESULTS Twenty-four studies (AN = 517, controls = 542) were included in the qualitative systematic review of the literature. Ten published studies underwent the ALE-analysis (AN = 210, controls = 229), plus data from an unpublished cohort (AN = 38, controls = 38). Two clusters of decreased FA were identified, namely in the left corona radiata, and in the left thalamus. Only one article took the PVE correction analysis into account. CONCLUSIONS The alterations identified must be considered within the limits of a possible methodological bias regarding PVE and free water and re-analysis of the data may be recommended. The preliminary data showed that the alteration of white matter pathways between the limbic structures and brain cortex may be linked to the processing of somatosensory information that could play a key role in the psychopathology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Nickel K, Tebartz van Elst L, Holovics L, Feige B, Glauche V, Fortenbacher T, Endres D, Zeeck A, Tüscher O, Joos A, Maier S. White Matter Abnormalities in the Corpus Callosum in Acute and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa Patients-A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:490. [PMID: 31338044 PMCID: PMC6628864 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Severe malnutrition in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) as well as possible trait-related aberrations lead to pronounced structural brain changes whose reversibility after recovery is currently unclear. Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies investigating white matter (WM) microstructure alterations in AN are inconsistent. Methods: In this so far largest DTI study in adults, we investigated 33 AN patients, 20 recovered (REC), and 33 healthy women. DTI data were processed using the "DTI and Fiber tools," and the Computational Anatomy Toolbox. WM integrity, both in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), was assessed. Results: We found a significant FA decrease in the corpus callosum (body) and an MD decrease in the posterior thalamic radiation in the AN group. The REC group displayed FA decrease in the corpus callosum in comparison to HC, whereas there were no MD differences between the REC and HC groups. Conclusion: Despite prolonged restoration of weight in the REC group, no significant regeneration of WM integrity in terms of FA could be observed. Transient changes in MD likely represent a reversible consequence of the acute state of starvation or result from dehydration. Reduction of FA either may be due to WM damage resulting from malnutrition or may be considered a pre-morbid marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Holovics
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Glauche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tina Fortenbacher
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Almut Zeeck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Joos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychotherapeutic Neurology, Kliniken Schmieder, Gailingen, Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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