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Teipel S, Grazia A, Dyrba M, Grothe MJ, Pomara N. Basal forebrain volume and metabolism in carriers of the Colombian mutation for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11268. [PMID: 38760448 PMCID: PMC11101449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study atrophy and glucose metabolism of the cholinergic basal forebrain in non-demented mutation carriers for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD). We determined the level of evidence for or against atrophy and impaired metabolism of the basal forebrain in 167 non-demented carriers of the Colombian PSEN1 E280A mutation and 75 age- and sex-matched non-mutation carriers of the same kindred using a Bayesian analysis framework. We analyzed baseline MRI, amyloid PET, and FDG-PET scans of the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative ADAD Colombia Trial. We found moderate evidence against an association of carrier status with basal forebrain volume (Bayes factor (BF10) = 0.182). We found moderate evidence against a difference of basal forebrain metabolism (BF10 = 0.167). There was only inconclusive evidence for an association between basal forebrain volume and delayed memory and attention (BF10 = 0.884 and 0.184, respectively), and between basal forebrain volume and global amyloid load (BF10 = 2.1). Our results distinguish PSEN1 E280A mutation carriers from sporadic AD cases in which cholinergic involvement of the basal forebrain is already detectable in the preclinical and prodromal stages. This indicates an important difference between ADAD and sporadic AD in terms of pathogenesis and potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alice Grazia
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michel J Grothe
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Nathan Kline Institute/Department of Psychiatry and Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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2
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Hernandez M, Ghislin S, Lalonde R, Strazielle C. Corticosterone effects on postnatal cerebellar development in mice. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105611. [PMID: 37704081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids administered early in infancy can affect the architectonic organization of brain structures, particularly those with a postnatal development and resulting in long-term deficits of neuromotor function and cognition. The present study was undertaken to study the effects of daily corticosterone (CORT) injections at a pharmacological dose from postnatal days 8-15 on cerebellar and hippocampal development in mouse pups. Gene expression status for trophic factors involved in synaptic development and function as well as measures of layer thickness associated with cytochrome oxidase labelling were analyzed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and specific cerebellar lobules involved in motor control. Repeated CORT injections dysregulated the HPA axis with increased Crh and Nr3c1 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and a resulting higher serum corticosterone level. The CORT treatment altered the morphology of the hippocampus and down-regulated gene transcription for corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) and its type-1 receptor (Crhr1), glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor Bdnf and its receptor Ntrk2 (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2). Similar mRNA expression decreases were found in the cerebellum for Crhr1, Crhr2, Nr3c1, and Grid2 (glutamatergic δ2 receptor). Morphological alterations and metabolic activity variations were observed in specific cerebellar lobules involved in motor control. The paramedian lobule, normally characterized by mitotic activity in the external germinative layer during the second postnatal week, was atrophic but metabolically hyperactive in its granule cell and molecular layers. On the contrary, lobules with an earlier cell proliferation displayed neurogenesis but a hypoactivated granule cell layer, suggesting a developmental delay in synaptogenesis. The results indicate that glucocorticoid, administered daily during the second postnatal week modulated the developmental programming of the hippocampus and cerebellum. These growth and metabolic alterations may lead possibly to morphological and functional changes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hernandez
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA 7300), Medical School, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - S Ghislin
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA 7300), Medical School, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - R Lalonde
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA 7300), Medical School, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - C Strazielle
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA 7300), Medical School, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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Jia K, Tian J, Wang T, Guo L, Xuan Z, Swerdlow RH, Du H. Mitochondria-sequestered Aβ renders synaptic mitochondria vulnerable in the elderly with a risk of Alzheimer disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174290. [PMID: 37991017 PMCID: PMC10721326 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for neurophysiology, and mitochondrial dysfunction constitutes a characteristic pathology in both brain aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). Whether mitochondrial deficiency in brain aging and AD is mechanistically linked, however, remains controversial. We report a correlation between intrasynaptosomal amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) and synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics inefficiency in both aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment, a transitional stage between normal aging and AD. Experiments using a mouse model expressing nonmutant humanized Aβ (humanized Aβ-knockin [hAβ-KI] mice) confirmed the association of increased intramitochondrial sequestration of Aβ42 with exacerbated synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction in an aging factor- and AD risk-bearing context. Also, in comparison with global cerebral Aβ, intramitochondrial Aβ was relatively preserved from activated microglial phagocytosis in aged hAβ-KI mice. The most parsimonious interpretation of our results is that aging-related mitochondrial Aβ sequestration renders synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction in the transitional stage between normal aging and AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction in both brain aging and the prodromal stage of AD may follow a continuous transition in response to escalated intraneuronal, especially intramitochondrial Aβ, accumulation. Moreover, our findings further implicate a pivotal role of mitochondria in harboring early amyloidosis during the conversion from normal to pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Pant S, Gupta M, Anthwal T, Chauhan M, Nain S. Neuroprotective effects of novel pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice: Behavioral and biochemical analysis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173602. [PMID: 37453560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a long-term neurodegenerative condition that impairs cognitive abilities. Brain acetylcholine deficit and oxidative stress may be considered the key pathogenic causes for AD, even though the basic etiology is still unknown. The effects of some novel pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives on the learning and memory deficits caused by scopolamine in mice were examined in the current study. The learning and memory parameters were assessed using the morris water maze test, rota rod test the and locomotor activity. A number of biochemical factors were also evaluated, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CA), and nitrite oxide (NO) assay. The current study shows that these derivatives were more effective and comparable to donepezil at treating the behavioral and biochemical changes brought on by scopolamine. The observed results showed pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives as a promising candidate for diseases associated with cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tulika Anthwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
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Troshev D, Voronkov D, Pavlova A, Abaimov D, Latanov A, Fedorova T, Berezhnoy D. Time Course of Neurobehavioral Disruptions and Regional Brain Metabolism Changes in the Rotenone Mice Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020466. [PMID: 35203675 PMCID: PMC8962442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by slow progression with a long prodromal stage and the gradual evolution of both neuropsychological symptoms and subtle motor changes, preceding motor dysfunction. Thus, in order for animal models of PD to be valid, they should reproduce these characteristics of the disease. One of such models, in which neuropathology is induced by chronic injections of low doses of mitochondrial toxin rotenone, is well established in rats. However, data on this model adapted to mice remain controversial. We have designed the study to describe the timecourse of motor and non-motor symptoms during chronic subcutaneous administration of rotenone (4 mg/kg daily for 35 days) in C57BL/6 mice. We characterize the underlying neuropathological processes (dopaminergic neuron degeneration, regional brain metabolism, monoamine neurotransmitter and lipid peroxidation changes) at different timepoints: 1 day, 2 weeks and 5 weeks of daily rotenone exposure. Based on the behavioral data, we can describe three stages of pathology: cognitive changes from week 2 of rotenone exposure, subtle motor changes in week 3–4 and motor dysfunction starting roughly from week 4. Neuropathological changes in this model include a general decrease in COX activity in different areas of the brain (acute effect of rotenone) and a more specific decrease in midbrain (chronic effect), followed by significant neurodegeneration in SNpc but not VTA by the 5th week of rotenone exposure. However, we were unable to find changes in the level of monoamine neurotransmitters neither in the striatum nor in the cortex, nor in the level of lipid peroxidation in the brainstem. Thus, the gradual progression of pathology in this model is linked with metabolic changes, rather than with oxidative stress or tonic neurotransmitter release levels. Overall, this study supports the idea that a low-dose rotenone mouse model can also reproduce different stages of PD as well as rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Troshev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Voronkov
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoeshosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.); (D.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Anastasia Pavlova
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1s12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Denis Abaimov
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoeshosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.); (D.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Alexander Latanov
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1s12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Tatiana Fedorova
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoeshosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.); (D.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Daniil Berezhnoy
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoeshosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.); (D.A.); (T.F.)
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1s12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Demetrius LA, Eckert A, Grimm A. Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic intervention. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:963-979. [PMID: 34654630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have revealed three classes of risk factor: age, genetics, and sex. These risk factors point to a metabolic dysregulation as the origin of AD. Adaptive alterations in cerebral metabolism are the rationale for the Metabolic Reprogramming (MR) Theory of the origin of AD. The theory contends that the progression toward AD involves three adaptive events: a hypermetabolic phase, a prolonged prodromal phase, and a metabolic collapse. This article exploits the MR Theory to elucidate the effect of hormonal changes on the origin and progression of AD in women. The theory invokes bioenergetic signatures of the menopausal transition to propose sex-specific diagnostic program and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A Demetrius
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anne Eckert
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Life Sciences Training Facility, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Berezhnoy DS, Troshev DV, Nalobin DS, Fedorova TN. Changes in COX histochemistry in the brain of mice and rats exposed to chronic subcutaneous rotenone. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 110:101880. [PMID: 33160047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of experimental animals to the mitochondrial toxin rotenone is considered to be a model of environmental progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the differential vulnerability of various brain regions to generalized inhibition of complex I, induced by subcutaneous rotenone injections for the duration of 1, 3 and 7 days in both rats (2 mg/kg dosage) and mice (4 mg/kg dosage). To examine patterns of metabolic activity changes in the brain, histochemical evaluation of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) activity was performed in post mortem brain sections. Animals displayed a similar time course of neuronal loss in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), reaching 44 % in mice and 42 % in rats by the 7th day. The pattern of COX activity changes, however, was different for the two species. In both experiments, metabolic changes were evident not only in the substantia nigra, but also in non-specific structures (cortex and hippocampus). In mice, a decrease in COX activity was shown mostly for the non-specific areas (V1 cortex and ventral hippocampus) after the single exposure to rotenone. Data from the experiment conducted on rats demonstrated both an acute metabolic decrease in mesencephalic structures (SNpc and nucleus ruber) after a single injection of rotenone and secondary changes in cortical structures (S1 cortex and dorsal hippocampus) after chronic 7 day exposure. These changes reflect the general effect of rotenone on neuronal metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil S Berezhnoy
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Leninskie Gory, 1s12, Russia; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Troshev
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Leninskie Gory, 1s12, Russia
| | - Denis S Nalobin
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Leninskie Gory, 1s12, Russia; Faculty of Biotechnology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Leninskie Gory, 1s51, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Fedorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Russia
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Xiyang YB, Liu R, Wang XY, Li S, Zhao Y, Lu BT, Xiao ZC, Zhang LF, Wang TH, Zhang J. COX5A Plays a Vital Role in Memory Impairment Associated With Brain Aging via the BDNF/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:215. [PMID: 32754029 PMCID: PMC7365906 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va (COX5A) is involved in maintaining normal mitochondrial function. However, little is known on the role of COX5A in the development and progress of Alzheimer’s disease (Martinez-Losa et al., 2018). In this study, we established and characterized the genomic profiles of genes expressed in the hippocampus of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, and revealed differential expression of COX5A among 12-month-aged SAMP8 mice and 2-month-aged SAMP8 mice. Newly established transgenic mice with systemic COX5A overexpression (51% increase) resulted in the improvement of spatial recognition memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, recovery of hippocampal CA1 dendrites, and activation of the BDNF/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vivo. Moreover, mice with both COX5A overexpression and BDNF knockdown showed a poor recovery in spatial recognition memory as well as a decrease in spine density and branching of dendrites in CA1, when compared to mice that only overexpressed COX5A. In vitro studies supported that COX5A affected neuronal growth via BDNF. In summary, this study was the first to show that COX5A in the hippocampus plays a vital role in aging-related cognitive deterioration via BDNF/ERK1/2 regulation, and suggested that COX5A may be a potential target for anti-senescence drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bing-Tuan Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Li H, Slone J, Huang T. The role of mitochondrial-related nuclear genes in age-related common disease. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:38-47. [PMID: 32361035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical organelles that provide energy as ATP to the cell. Besides 37 genes encoded by mitochondrial genome, it has been estimated that over 1500 nuclear genes are required for mitochondrial structure and function. Thus, mutations of many genes in the nuclear genome cause dysfunction of mitochondria that can lead to many severe conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction often results in reduced ATP synthesis, higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, and other detrimental effects. In addition to rare primary mitochondrial disorders, these mitochondrial-related genes are often associated with many common diseases. For example, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington disease, mitochondrialand energy metabolism abnormalities can greatly affect brain function. Cancer cells are also known to exhibit repressed mitochondrial ATP production in favor of glycolysis, which fuels the aggressive proliferation and metastasis of tumor tissues, leading many to speculate on a possible relationship between compromised mitochondrial function and cancer. The association between mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes is also unsurprising, given the organelle's crucial role in cellular energy utilization. Here, we will discuss the multiple lines of evidence connecting mitochondrial dysfunction associated with mitochondria-related nuclear genes to many of the well-known disease genes that also underlie common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzheng Li
- Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jesse Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Resumption of Autophagy by Ubisol-Q 10 in Presenilin-1 Mutated Fibroblasts and Transgenic AD Mice: Implications for Inhibition of Senescence and Neuroprotection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7404815. [PMID: 31934268 PMCID: PMC6942887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7404815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is associated with loss of memory, amyloid-beta plaque buildup, and neurofibrillary tangles. These features might be a result of neuronal cell death in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions of the brain. AD pathologies can be attributed to a variety of biochemical consequences including mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and autophagy inhibition. Unfortunately, current therapeutics are limited only to symptomatic relief and do not halt the progression of neurodegeneration. Previous in vitro experiments have shown that a water-soluble formulation of coenzyme-Q10, Ubisol-Q10, can stabilize the mitochondria, prevent oxidative stress, and inhibit premature senescence in fibroblasts of AD patients. Since autophagy plays a critical role in maintenance and survival of neurons, we hypothesized that Ubisol-Q10 treatment could result in resumption of autophagy. Indeed, we observed induction of autophagy by Ubisol-Q10 treatment in AD fibroblasts as well as in the brains of transgenic AD mice. We found increased expression of autophagy-related genes beclin-1 and JNK1 following Ubisol-Q10 treatment of AD fibroblasts. These results were confirmed at the protein level by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Interestingly, despite reduction of oxidative stress in cells due to Ubisol-Q10 treatment, autophagy inhibition leads to resumption of premature senescence in these PS-1 mutated fibroblasts indicating that autophagy is critical to prevent the senescence phenotype. Withdrawal of Ubisol-Q10 treatment also leads to the return of the senescence phenotype in AD fibroblasts indicating that constant supplementation of Ubisol-Q10 is required. Additionally, Ubisol-Q10 supplementation in the drinking water of double transgenic AD mice leads to increased expression of beclin-1 and JNK1 in the cortical region. Thus, the activation of autophagy by Ubisol-Q10 could be the mechanism for its ability to halt the progression of AD pathology in transgenic AD mice shown previously.
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Skalicka-Wozniak K, Budzynska B, Biala G, Boguszewska-Czubara A. Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment Is Alleviated by Xanthotoxin: Role of Acetylcholinesterase and Oxidative Stress Processes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1184-1194. [PMID: 29378112 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthotoxin, popularly occurring furanocoumarin, which can be found in plants from the Apiaceae family, was isolated from fruits of Pastinaca sativa L. by mean of high-performance countercurrent chromatography, and its effects on the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in male Swiss mice using the passive avoidance (PA) test were evaluated. To measure the acquisition of memory processes, xanthotoxin (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before PA test and scopolamine was administered 10 min after xanthotoxin. To measure the consolidation of memory processes, xanthotoxin (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) was injected immediately after removing the mouse from the apparatus and 10 min after scopolamine was administered. In subchronic experiments, mice were injected with xanthotoxin (1 mg/kg) or saline, 6 days, twice daily. At 24 h after the last injection of the drugs, the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex were removed for biochemical assays. The results demonstrated that either single (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) or repeatable (1 mg/kg) administration of xanthotoxin significantly increased index of latency (IL) in both acquisition and consolidation of memory processes, showing some procognitive effects. The behavioral tests also showed that an acute (2.5 mg/kg) and subchronic (1 mg/kg) administration of xanthotoxin prevent memory impairment induced by injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg). Observed effects could be due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities and amelioration of oxidative stress processes in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. It was suggested that xanthotoxin could show neuroprotective effect in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment connected to cholinergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress in the brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Budzynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Biala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Boguszewska-Czubara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Bombesin attenuated ischemia-induced spatial cognitive and synaptic plasticity impairment associated with oxidative damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:87-93. [PMID: 29635132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of spatial cognition is a character to various neurological disorders and therapeutic strategy. However, it is limited to known risk factors clinically so far. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) signaling is a neuropeptide system mediating emotional memory events. However, the effects of GRP agonist on spatial cognition and hippocampal synaptic plasticity are rarely investigated, especially in pathologic condition. This study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of GRPR agonist, bombesin, against cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in rats and its possible mechanisms. Our results revealed that bombesin administration (30 μg/kg/day, for 14 continuous days) significantly protected the cognitive and synaptic plasticity impairments as assessed by the Morris water maze and long-term potentiation tests. The mechanism studies demonstrated that bombesin significantly alleviated the decreased activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT) and altered the increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Besides, the decreased expression of synapse plasticity-related proteins, calcium- calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and synaptophysin (SYP) in the hippocampus were increased with drug treatment. In conclusion, bombesin could protect the oxidative stress and expression of proteins, which were important for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function impairment induced by chronic cerebral ischemia. Our study is presented to provide novel insights into the effects of bombesin on spatial learning and memory, which should be further explored as a potential drug in disorders involving deficits in cognitive function.
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13
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Resveratrol attenuates oxidative damage through activating mitophagy in an in vitro model of Alzheimer’s disease. Toxicol Lett 2018; 282:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Mitochondrial Alterations in Peripheral Mononuclear Blood Cells from Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5923938. [PMID: 26881032 PMCID: PMC4736772 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5923938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, evidences of mitochondrial defects in AD peripheral cells are still inconclusive. Here, some mitochondrial-encoded and nuclear-encoded proteins, involved in maintaining the correct mitochondria machine, were investigated in terms of protein expression and enzymatic activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients and healthy subjects. In addition mitochondrial DNA copy number was measured by real time PCR. We found some differences and some similarities between AD and MCI patients when compared with healthy subjects. For example, cytochrome C and cytochrome B were decreased in AD, while MCI showed only a statistical reduction of cytochrome C. On the other hand, both AD and MCI blood cells exhibited highly nitrated MnSOD, index of a prooxidant environment inside the mitochondria. TFAM, a regulator of mitochondrial genome replication and transcription, was decreased in both AD and MCI patients' blood cells. Moreover also the mitochondrial DNA amount was reduced in PBMCs from both patient groups. In conclusion these data confirmed peripheral mitochondria impairment in AD and demonstrated that TFAM and mtDNA amount reduction could be two features of early events occurring in AD pathogenesis.
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15
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XiYang YB, Wang YC, Zhao Y, Ru J, Lu BT, Zhang YN, Wang NC, Hu WY, Liu J, Yang JW, Wang ZJ, Hao CG, Feng ZT, Xiao ZC, Dong W, Quan XZ, Zhang LF, Wang TH. Sodium Channel Voltage-Gated Beta 2 Plays a Vital Role in Brain Aging Associated with Synaptic Plasticity and Expression of COX5A and FGF-2. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:955-967. [PMID: 25575679 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of sodium channel voltage-gated beta 2 (SCN2B) in brain aging is largely unknown. The present study was therefore designed to determine the role of SCN2B in brain aging by using the senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8), a brain senescence-accelerated animal model, together with the SCN2B transgenic mice. The results showed that SAMP8 exhibited impaired learning and memory functions, assessed by the Morris water maze test, as early as 8 months of age. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of SCN2B were also upregulated in the prefrontal cortex at this age. Treatment with traditional Chinese anti-aging medicine Xueshuangtong (Panax notoginseng saponins, PNS) significantly reversed the SCN2B expressions in the prefrontal cortex, resulting in improved learning and memory. Moreover, SCN2B knockdown transgenic mice were generated and bred to determine the roles of SCN2B in brain senescence. A reduction in the SCN2B level by 60.68% resulted in improvement in the hippocampus-dependent spatial recognition memory and long-term potential (LTP) slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP), followed by an upregulation of COX5A mRNA levels and downregulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA expression. Together, the present findings indicated that SCN2B could play an important role in the aging-related cognitive deterioration, which is associated with the regulations of COX5A and FGF-2. These findings could provide the potential strategy of candidate target to develop antisenescence drugs for the treatment of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin XiYang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Cui Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Ru
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing-Tuan Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Nai-Chao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Yan Hu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Wei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Guang Hao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhong-Tang Feng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), 100021, Beijing, China.,Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-Zhi Quan
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), 100021, Beijing, China.,Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), 100021, Beijing, China. .,Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Inhibition of stress induced premature senescence in presenilin-1 mutated cells with water soluble Coenzyme Q10. Mitochondrion 2014; 17:106-15. [PMID: 25034304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble formulation of CoQ10 (WS-CoQ10) was shown to stabilize mitochondria and prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal death. Presenilin-1 (PS-1)-mutated Alzheimer's Disease (AD) fibroblasts (PSAF) were used for studying the effects of PS-1 mutation. PS-1 mutation correlated to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) in PSAF; WS-CoQ10 treatment decreased ROS generation, increased population doublings, and postponed SIPS. Treated PSAF had higher PCNA expression, and lower levels of MnSOD, p21, p16Ink4A, and Rb. WS-CoQ10 caused the resumption of autophagy in PSAF. Thus, WS-CoQ10 as inhibitor of SIPS and ameliorator of autophagy could be an effective prophylactic/therapeutic agent for AD.
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17
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Short-term effects of a perinatal exposure to a 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture in rats: assessment of early motor and sensorial development and cerebral cytochrome oxidase activity in pups. Neurotoxicology 2014; 43:90-101. [PMID: 24709092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a family of ubiquitous neurotoxic pollutants, mainly through ingestion of contaminated food. Developing organisms can be exposed also to PAHs due to the ability of these compounds to pass through the placental barrier as well as through the breast milk. Previous animal studies have reported that the exposure of rats to a 16 PAH mixture at environmental doses strictly limited to gestation did not induce any long-lasting consequences, whereas gestational and lactational PAH exposure induced long-term behavioral and cerebral metabolic effects. In the present study, short-term effects of exposures to the same PAH mixture during gestation, or during gestation and lactation, were assessed by evaluating motor and sensory development of rat pups, and by measuring cerebral cytochrome oxidase activity (a marker of energetic metabolism) in different brain areas. Brain levels of PAHs and some monohydroxylated metabolites were also evaluated in pups at birth and at 21 days of postnatal life. No significant short-term modifications of behavioral development and of cerebral metabolism were observed following an early PAH exposure whatever the dose and the period of exposure. Surprisingly, the same brain levels of concentration of PAHs and metabolites were observed in control and exposed pups in both studies. These analytical results raise the difficulty in overcoming environmental contamination of control animals and the choice of such controls in experimental studies which focus on neurotoxicity of exposure to low levels of pollutants.
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18
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Tan TT, Chen M, Harikrishna JA, Khairuddin N, Mohd Shamsudin MI, Zhang G, Bhassu S. Deep parallel sequencing reveals conserved and novel miRNAs in gill and hepatopancreas of giant freshwater prawn. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1061-1069. [PMID: 23816854 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~20-22 nucleotides, non protein-coding RNA regulatory genes that post-transcriptionally regulate many protein-coding genes, influencing critical biological and metabolic processes. While the number of known microRNA is increasing, there is currently no published data for miRNA from giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (M. rosenbergii), a commercially cultured and economically important food species. In this study, we identified novel miRNAs in the gill and hepatopancreas of M. rosenbergii. Through a deep parallel sequencing analysis and an in silico data analysis approach, 327 miRNA families were identified from small RNA libraries with reference to both the de novo transcriptome of M. rosenbergii obtained from RNA-Seq and to miRBase (Release 18.0, November 2012). Based on the identified mature miRNA and recovered precursor sequences that form appropriate hairpin structures, three conserved miRNA (miR125, miR750, miR993) and 27 novel miRNA candidates encoding messenger-like non-coding RNA were identified. miR-125, miR-750, G-m0002/H-m0009, G-m0005, G-m0008/H-m0016, G-m0011/H-m0027 and G-m0015 were selected for experimental validation with stem-loop quantitative RT-PCR and were found to be coherent with the expression profile of deep sequencing data as evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.835178 for miRNA in gill, r = 0.724131 for miRNA in hepatopancreas). Using a combinatorial approach of pathway enrichment analysis and inverse expression relationship of miRNA and mRNA, four co-expressed novel miRNA candidates (G-m0005, G-m0008/H-m0016, G-m0011/H-m0027, and G-m0015) were found to be associated with energy metabolism. In addition, the expression of the three novel miRNA candidates (G-m0005, G-m0008/H-m0016, and G-m0011/H-m0027) were also found to be significantly reduced at 9 and 24 h post infection in M. rosenbergii challenged with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, suggesting a functional role of these miRNAs in crustacean immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian Tan
- Genomic Research and Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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19
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Loss of CB1 receptors leads to decreased cathepsin D levels and accelerated lipofuscin accumulation in the hippocampus. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:391-9. [PMID: 23954857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early onset of age-related changes in the brain of cannabinoid 1 receptor knockout (Cnr1(-/-)) mice suggests that cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor activity significantly influences the progression of brain aging. In the present study we show that lack of CB1 receptors leads to a significant increase in lipofuscin accumulation and a reduced expression and activity of cathepsin D, lysosomal protease implicated in the degradation of damaged macromolecules, in the hippocampus of 12-month-old mice. The impaired clearance of damaged macromolecules due to the low cathepsin D levels and not enhanced oxidative stress may be responsible for the lipofuscin accumulation because macromolecule oxidation levels were comparable between the genotypes within the same age group. The altered levels of autophagy markers p62 and LC3-II suggest that autophagy is upregulated in CB1 knockout mice. Increased autophagic flux in the absence of CB1 receptors is probably a compensatory mechanism to partially counteract decreased lysosomal degradation capacity. Together, these results suggest that CB1 receptor activity affects lysosomal activity, degradation of damaged macromolecules and thus it may influence the course and onset of brain aging.
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20
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Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Graziano A, De Bartolo P, Burello L, Vitale E, Polverino A, Iuliano A, Sorrentino G, Mandolesi L. Cortical metabolic deficits in a rat model of cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2114-23. [PMID: 23925861 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons may represent an important factor underlying the progressive cognitive decline characterizing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the nature of the relationship between cholinergic depletion and AD is not fully elucidated. This study aimed at clarifying some aspects of the relation existing between deficits in cerebral energy metabolism and degeneration of cholinergic system in AD, by investigating the neuronal metabolic activity of several cortical areas after depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. In cholinergically depleted rats, we evaluated the neuronal metabolic activity by assaying cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in frontal, parietal and posterior parietal cortices at four different time-points after unilateral injection of 192 IgG-saporin in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Unilateral depletion of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain induced a bilateral decrease of metabolic activity in all the analyzed areas. Frontal and parietal cortices showed decreased metabolic activity even 3 days after the lesion, when the cholinergic degeneration was still incomplete. In posterior parietal cortex metabolic activity decreased only 7 days after the lesion. The possible molecular mechanisms underlying these findings were also investigated. Real-time PCR showed an increase of CO mRNA levels at 3, 7 and 15 days after the lesion both in frontal and parietal cortices, followed by normalization at 30 days. Western Blot analysis did not show any change in CO protein levels at any time-point after the lesion. Our findings support a link between metabolic deficit and cholinergic hypofunctionality characterizing AD pathology. The present model of cholinergic hypofunctionality provides a useful means to study the complex mechanisms linking two fundamental and interrelated phenomena characterizing AD from the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy,
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21
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Exclusive prenatal exposure to a 16 PAH mixture does not impact anxiety-related behaviours and regional brain metabolism in adult male rats: A role for the period of exposure in the modulation of PAH neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2013; 221:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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García-Escudero V, Martín-Maestro P, Perry G, Avila J. Deconstructing mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:162152. [PMID: 23840916 PMCID: PMC3693159 DOI: 10.1155/2013/162152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence showing that mitochondrial damage plays an important role in Alzheimer disease. Increased oxygen species generation and deficient mitochondrial dynamic balance have been suggested to be the reason as well as the consequence of Alzheimer-related pathology. Mitochondrial damage has been related to amyloid-beta or tau pathology or to the presence of specific presenilin-1 mutations. The contribution of these factors to mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in this paper. Due to the relevance of mitochondrial alterations in Alzheimer disease, recent works have suggested the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. On the other hand, autophagy has been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in Alzheimer-related protein stress, and increasing data shows that this pathway is altered in the disease. Moreover, mitochondrial alterations have been related to an insufficient clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy. Consequently, different approaches for the removal of damaged mitochondria or to decrease the related oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease have been described. To understand the role of mitochondrial function in Alzheimer disease it is necessary to generate human cellular models which involve living neurons. We have summarized the novel protocols for the generation of neurons by reprogramming or direct transdifferentiation, which offer useful tools to achieve this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega García-Escudero
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Martín-Maestro
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - George Perry
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Bomba M, Ciavardelli D, Silvestri E, Canzoniero LMT, Lattanzio R, Chiappini P, Piantelli M, Di Ilio C, Consoli A, Sensi SL. Exenatide promotes cognitive enhancement and positive brain metabolic changes in PS1-KI mice but has no effects in 3xTg-AD animals. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e612. [PMID: 23640454 PMCID: PMC3674348 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction or dementia. Insulin resistance is often associated with T2DM and can induce defective insulin signaling in the central nervous system as well as increase the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Glucagone like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone and, like GLP-1 analogs, stimulates insulin secretion and has been employed in the treatment of T2DM. GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs also enhance synaptic plasticity and counteract cognitive deficits in mouse models of neuronal dysfunction and/or degeneration. In this study, we investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of long-term treatment with exenatide, a GLP-1 analog, in two animal models of neuronal dysfunction: the PS1-KI and 3xTg-AD mice. We found that exenatide promoted beneficial effects on short- and long-term memory performances in PS1-KI but not in 3xTg-AD animals. In PS1-KI mice, the drug increased brain lactate dehydrogenase activity leading to a net increase in lactate levels, while no effects were observed on mitochondrial respiration. On the contrary, exenatide had no effects on brain metabolism of 3xTg-AD mice. In summary, our data indicate that exenatide improves cognition in PS1-KI mice, an effect likely driven by increasing the brain anaerobic glycolysis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bomba
- Molecular Neurology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), University Gd Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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24
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Swerdlow RH. Mitochondria and cell bioenergetics: increasingly recognized components and a possible etiologic cause of Alzheimer's disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1434-55. [PMID: 21902597 PMCID: PMC3329949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria and brain bioenergetics are increasingly thought to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT ADVANCES Data that support this view are discussed from the perspective of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which assumes beta-amyloid perturbs mitochondrial function, and from an opposite perspective that assumes mitochondrial dysfunction promotes brain amyloidosis. A detailed review of cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) studies, which argue mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to sporadic AD, is provided. Recent AD endophenotype data that further suggest an mtDNA contribution are also summarized. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Biochemical, molecular, cybrid, biomarker, and clinical data pertinent to the mitochondria-bioenergetics-AD nexus are synthesized and the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, which represents a mitochondria-centric attempt to conceptualize sporadic AD, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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25
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An L, Li Z, Yang Z, Zhang T. Melamine induced cognitive impairment associated with oxidative damage in rat's hippocampus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:196-202. [PMID: 22564861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that melamine could affect hippocampal function and cause spatial cognition impairment. Moreover, some evidences implied that there might be an oxidative damage pathway linking melamine to the function of hippocampus in vitro, but there was a paucity of data about this adverse effect in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicology of melamine induced by oxidative damage in hippocampus in vivo. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=8) and melamine group (n=8). The animals were treated with melamine at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day in 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution as a suspension by oral administration, while rats received the same dose of solution of 1% CMC in control group. Melamine was given once a day and for 28 consecutive days. The MWM experiment and histopathological examination were performed. MWM results showed that there were significant deficits of spatial learning and memory in melamine group. The levels of superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl free radical and malonaldehyde (MDA) were significantly increased by melamine, which also reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The analysis of hippocampal energy metabolism showed that melamine caused significant decrease in the content of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), implying the reduction of energy synthesis in hippocampal neurocytes. The results suggest that the selective neurotoxicity of melamine in hippocampus may be in part associated with oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei An
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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26
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Crépeaux G, Bouillaud-Kremarik P, Sikhayeva N, Rychen G, Soulimani R, Schroeder H. Late effects of a perinatal exposure to a 16 PAH mixture: Increase of anxiety-related behaviours and decrease of regional brain metabolism in adult male rats. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:105-13. [PMID: 22450773 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants originated from incomplete combustion processes. Ingestion of contaminated food is the main route of exposure for humans. These molecules are able to cross the placental barrier and are also found in breast milk. Since PAHs are neurotoxic agents, the potential adverse effects of a perinatal exposure of the developing brain is a key issue for public health especially concerning PAH mixture. In this study, female rats were exposed trough diet to a mixture of 16 PAHs, at doses of 2 μg/kg/day or 200 μg/kg/day during gestation and 1.5 μg/kg/day or 150 μg/kg/day during breast-feeding period. To assess late neurotoxic effects in male offsprings, behavioural and cognitive tests were carried out and histochemical analyses using cytochrome oxidase as a cerebral metabolism marker were performed on adult animals. Results showed that anxiety-related behaviours significantly increased in exposed animals, but there was no significant alteration of motor activity and learning and memory abilities. Several brain areas of the limbic system showed a neuronal hypometabolism in exposed animals. This work highlights that exposure to PAHs at early stages of brain development can cause later troubles on behaviour and that PAHs are able to partly alter the central nervous system metabolism on adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, INRA UC340, Nancy Université, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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27
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Wang W, Yu JT, Zhang W, Cui WZ, Wu ZC, Zhang Q, Tan L. Genetic association of SLC2A14 polymorphism with Alzheimer's disease in a Han Chinese population. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:481-4. [PMID: 22421804 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake and metabolism are impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, which appear to be a cause, rather than a consequence of neurodegeneration. Recently, the gene of the 14th isoform of subfamily A of solute carrier family 2 (SLC2A14), encoding glucose transporter 14 (GLUT14), was identified for the association in vivo with AD pathology of Tau, and rs10845990 within SLC2A14 showed association with AD in Caucasians. In order to evaluate the involvement of the SLC2A14 polymorphism in the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in Chinese, we performed an independent case-control association study in a Han Chinese population (597 LOAD cases and 605 healthy controls). There were significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between LOAD cases and controls (genotype P = 0.015, allele P = 0.039). The G-carrying genotype (GT + GG) individuals showed a 1.41-fold increased risk compared with the TT genotype carriers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.79, P = 0.005, Power = 83.6 %). After stratification by ApoE ε4-carrying status, rs10845990 polymorphism was only significantly associated with LOAD in non-ApoE ε4 allele carriers (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also conferred this positive association between the SNP rs10845990 and LOAD in the dominant and additive model after adjustment for age, gender, and the ApoE ε4 carrier status. These results suggested that SLC2A14 polymorphism has a possible role in changing the genetic susceptibility to LOAD in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
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28
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Begega A, Cuesta M, Rubio S, Méndez M, Santín LJ, Arias JL. Functional networks involved in spatial learning strategies in middle-aged rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 97:346-53. [PMID: 22406474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the way that middle-aged rats solve spatial learning tasks that can be performed using different strategies. We assessed the brain networks involved in these spatial learning processes using Principal Component Analysis. Two tasks were performed in a complex context, a four-arm radial maze, in which each group must use either an allocentric or an egocentric strategy. Another task was performed in a simple T-maze in which rats must use an egocentric strategy. Brain metabolic activity was quantified to evaluate neural changes related to spatial learning in the described tasks. Our findings revealed that two functional networks are involved in spatial learning in aged rats. One of the networks, spatial processing, is composed of brain regions involved in the integration of sensory and motivational information. The other network, context-dependent processing, mainly involves the dorsal hippocampus and is related to the processing of contextual information from the environment. Both networks work together to solve spatial tasks in a complex spatial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Begega
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
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29
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Breuer ME, Willems PHGM, Russel FGM, Koopman WJH, Smeitink JAM. Modeling mitochondrial dysfunctions in the brain: from mice to men. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:193-210. [PMID: 21755361 PMCID: PMC3278625 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biologist Lewis Thomas once wrote: "my mitochondria comprise a very large proportion of me. I cannot do the calculation, but I suppose there is almost as much of them in sheer dry bulk as there is the rest of me". As humans, or indeed as any mammal, bird, or insect, we contain a specific molecular makeup that is driven by vast numbers of these miniscule powerhouses residing in most of our cells (mature red blood cells notwithstanding), quietly replicating, living independent lives and containing their own DNA. Everything we do, from running a marathon to breathing, is driven by these small batteries, and yet there is evidence that these molecular energy sources were originally bacteria, possibly parasitic, incorporated into our cells through symbiosis. Dysfunctions in these organelles can lead to debilitating, and sometimes fatal, diseases of almost all the bodies' major organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a wide variety of human disorders either as a primary cause or as a secondary consequence. To better understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in human disease, a multitude of pharmacologically induced and genetically manipulated animal models have been developed showing to a greater or lesser extent the clinical symptoms observed in patients with known and unknown causes of the disease. This review will focus on diseases of the brain and spinal cord in which mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven or is suspected and on animal models that are currently used to study the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Breuer
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Feldhaus P, Fraga DB, Ghedim FV, De Luca RD, Bruna TD, Heluany M, Matos MP, Ferreira GK, Jeremias IC, Heluany C, Streck EL, Zugno AI. Evaluation of respiratory chain activity in lymphocytes of patients with Alzheimer disease. Metab Brain Dis 2011; 26:229-36. [PMID: 21789567 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-011-9253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with cognitive impairment in multiple domains, such as memory and executive functions. Studies reveal damage in the electron transport chain of patients with AD, suggesting that this mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Blood samples were taken from patients with AD (n = 20) and older subjects without dementia (n = 40) to evaluate the activity of complexes I, II, II-III, and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in isolated lymphocytes. Results from the patient and control groups were compared. The activity of complexes II and IV was increased among patients compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed between controls who were not using psychotropic medication and patients. Our findings point out a mechanism of cellular compensation in which the mitochondrial respiratory chain requires an increase in electron transport to supply the energy needed for cellular functioning. Additional studies are needed to better clarify the mechanisms involved in the mitochondrial dynamics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Feldhaus
- Laboratory of Neurociences and Nacional Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit University of Sourthern Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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31
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Increased phosphorylation of tau and synaptic protein loss in the aged transgenic mice expressing familiar Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 mutation. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:15-22. [PMID: 21842270 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin 1 (PS-1) are associated with most early-onset familiar Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated that PS-1 mutations enhance the production of beta-amyloid (Aβ). In this study, we further examined the in vivo effects of PS-1 mutation on tau and synapse protein markers. The data showed that the phosphorylation of tau at Ser396, Ser404, Thr231 and Tau-1 (Ser198/199/202) epitopes was significantly increased in hippocampus of the aged (twenty-one and a half-month-old) transgenic mice expressing PS-1 (L235P) compared to that of the age-matched wild-type littermates (WTs). Concurrently, a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β at Ser9 was observed. The above changes were not observed in the young transgenic mice (6-8 months old). No significant changes in the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-5, its co-activator p35, and phosphorylation of protein phosphatase (PP)-2A catalytic subunit at Tyrosine 307 (Y307), a crucial site regulating the activity of PP-2A, were observed both in the young and aged transgenic mice compared to that of WTs. Furthermore, we also observed that the levels of presynaptic synaptophysin were significantly decreased but postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 were not significantly altered in hippocampus of the aged transgenic mice. No significant changes of synaptophysin or PSD-95 were observed in the brains of the young transgenic mice. Our data indicate that the L235P PS-1 mutation can induce Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic protein loss, as well as increased production of Aβ.
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Méndez-López M, Méndez M, López L, Arias JL. Memory performance and scopolamine: hypoactivity of the thalamus revealed by cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:465-71. [PMID: 20546863 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial memory learning is related to the functioning of a neuronal circuit composed of cortical, hippocampal and diencephalic brain regions. The Morris water maze (MWM) is frequently used to assess spatial memory in rats. In this study, the neuronal functional activity of some brain limbic system regions after a memory task in adult male Wistar rats injected with scopolamine (1.0mg/kg, i.p.) was assessed using cytochrome oxidase (COx) histochemistry. The rats were trained following a working memory schedule in the MWM. A trained group injected with saline and an untreated control group were examined to compare changes in COx activity in the dorsal hippocampus, anterior thalamus, mammillary nuclei, prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area. The scopolamine-treated group showed an impairment of spatial learning. Also, a decrease in COx activity was found in this group as compared to the saline group in the anteroventral and anteromedial thalamic nuclei. Overall, these findings suggest that memory deficits induced by scopolamine may be due to impairment of the cholinergic function in the anterior thalamic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Méndez-López
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
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Juhász G, Földi I, Penke B. Systems biology of Alzheimer's disease: How diverse molecular changes result in memory impairment in AD. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:739-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sustained deficiency of mitochondrial complex I activity during long periods of survival after seizures induced in immature rats by homocysteic acid. Neurochem Int 2009; 56:394-403. [PMID: 19931336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated the marked decrease of mitochondrial complex I activity in the cerebral cortex of immature rats during the acute phase of seizures induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular infusion of dl-homocysteic acid (600 nmol/side) and at short time following these seizures. The present study demonstrates that the marked decrease ( approximately 60%) of mitochondrial complex I activity persists during the long periods of survival, up to 5 weeks, following these seizures, i.e. periods corresponding to the development of spontaneous seizures (epileptogenesis) in this model of seizures. The decrease was selective for complex I and it was not associated with changes in the size of the assembled complex I or with changes in mitochondrial content of complex I. Inhibition of complex I was accompanied by a parallel, up to 5 weeks lasting significant increase (15-30%) of three independent mitochondrial markers of oxidative damage, 3-nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls. This suggests that oxidative modification may be most likely responsible for the sustained deficiency of complex I activity although potential role of other factors cannot be excluded. Pronounced inhibition of complex I was not accompanied by impaired ATP production, apparently due to excess capacity of complex I documented by energy thresholds. The decrease of complex I activity was substantially reduced by treatment with selected free radical scavengers. It could also be attenuated by pretreatment with (S)-3,4-DCPG (an agonist for subtype 8 of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors) which had also a partial antiepileptogenic effect. It can be assumed that the persisting inhibition of complex I may lead to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species, contributing not only to neuronal injury demonstrated in this model of seizures but also to epileptogenesis.
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