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Ma Y, Guo C, Wang Y, Liu X. Effects of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on neurological function, hemodynamics and Hcy concentration in cerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360932. [PMID: 38881880 PMCID: PMC11177091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for cerebral hemorrhage, despite not being included in current guideline recommendations. Investigating the underlying physiological and pathological mechanisms of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide in cerebral hemorrhage treatment remains a critical area of research. Objective This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide in cerebral hemorrhage treatment and elucidate its potential biological mechanisms, thereby providing evidence to support treatment optimization. Methods A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang Database) was conducted for studies published up to September 2023. Screening and data extraction were performed by a team of researchers. The Cochrane collaboration tool was utilized for risk bias assessment, and Revman 5.3 along with Stata 17.0 were employed for statistical analysis. Outcomes We searched 254 literature, and 19 were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide improved the clinical efficacy rate (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.31; p = 0.00), quality of life (MD = 13.93, 95% CI: 11.88-15.98; p = 0.000), increased cerebral blood flow and velocity, reduced cerebral edema volume, Hcy concentration, and did not have obvious adverse reactions (RR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.39-1.18; p = 0.10). Conclusion This meta-analysis is the first to demonstrate the potential of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide in treating cerebral hemorrhage. It suggests that Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide may alleviate clinical symptoms by modulating neurological function and improving hemodynamics. Our findings provide robust evidence for incorporating Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide into cerebral hemorrhage treatment strategies, potentially guiding future clinical practice and research. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ display_record.php?RecordID=355114, Identifier CRD42022355114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Ma
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chenchen Guo
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yiguo Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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2
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Ma B, Li Q, Li M, Wang J, Fan N, Yang S, Shi W, Wang R, Yin D. Effect of butylphthalide on prevention and treatment of high altitude cerebral edema in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27833. [PMID: 38560678 PMCID: PMC10979156 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) contains one of the main active ingredients of celery seed. It has a series of pharmacological mechanisms, including reconstitution of microcirculation, protection of mitochondrial function, inhibition of oxidative stress, and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. Based on the complex multi-targeting of NBP pharmacological mechanisms, the clinical applications of NBP are increasing, and more and more clinical studies and animal experiments have focused on NBP. In this study, we used male Sprague Dawley rats as an animal model to elucidate the intervention effect of butylphthalide on high altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and also compared the effect of butylphthalide and rhodiola rosea on HACE. Firstly, we measured the changes of body weight and brain water content and observed the pathological changes of brain tissues. In addition, the contents of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and brain neurotransmitters were assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassay kits, and finally, the expression of apoptotic proteins in brain tissues was determined by western blotting. The results showed that NBP reduced brain water content, attenuated brain tissue damage, altered inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indicators, and brain neurotransmitter levels, and in addition NBP inhibited the expression of Caspase-related apoptotic proteins. Therefore, NBP has the potential to treat and prevent HACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingyang People's Hospital, Qingyang City, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ning Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shanpeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xin- jiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li H, Feng Q, Ge W, Xu X. Investigating the Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Inflammatory Cytokines in Post-stroke Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:132-147. [PMID: 37592185 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) affects approximately one-third of stroke survivors, severely impacting general recovery and quality of life. Despite extensive studies, the exact mechanisms underlying PSD remain elusive. However, emerging evidence implicates proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-18, play critical roles in PSD development. These cytokines contribute to PSD through various mechanisms, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, neurotransmitter alterations, neurotrophic factor changes, gut microbiota imbalances, and genetic predispositions. This review is aimed at exploring the role of cytokines in stroke and PSD while identifying their potential as specific therapeutic targets for managing PSD. A more profound understanding of the mechanisms regulating inflammatory cytokine expression and anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 in PSD may facilitate the development of innovative interventions to improve outcomes for stroke survivors experiencing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Yongding Hospital, Suzhou, 215028, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221600, China.
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Li Q, Shen L, Liang P, Dong Y, Fang T, Wang L, Song Y. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Protects against Memory Deficits in Vascular Dementia Rats by Attenuating Pyroptosis via TLR-4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neuropsychobiology 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36990058 DOI: 10.1159/000522001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD). Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a small molecule compound extracted from the seeds of Chinese celery, which have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of acute ischemia and patients with stroke. In this experiment, we studied the protective effects of NBP in a rat model of VD induced by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries and investigated the role of the TLR-4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in the pathology of VD. METHODS The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive deficits in the VD rats. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR analyses were used to analyze the molecular basis of the inflammatory response. RESULTS NBP significantly improved the learning and memory ability of VD rats. With regard to the protective mechanism, the results showed that NBP significantly downregulated the relative expression of Cleaved Cas-1/Cas-1 and Cleaved GSDMD/GSDMD. Moreover, NBP decreased the levels of the TLR-4 and NF-κB (P65) protein and phosphorylation of P65 in the hippocampus of VD rats via the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that NBP protects against memory deficits in permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced VD rats by attenuating pyroptosis via the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - LinNa Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peifen Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinhua Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Metabolic Center, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - LiJun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - YiJun Song
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Jia J, Deng J, Jin H, Yang J, Nan D, Yu Z, Yu W, Shen Z, Lu Y, Liu R, Wang Z, Qu X, Qiu D, Yang Z, Huang Y. Effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on mitochondrial Cox7c in models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1084564. [PMID: 36909178 PMCID: PMC9992206 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1084564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the protective effect of dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) against cerebral ischemia, which may be related to the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the specific mechanism and targets of NBP in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion remains unclear. In this study, we used a chemical proteomics approach to search for targets of NBP and identified cytochrome C oxidase 7c (Cox7c) as a key interacting target of NBP. Our findings indicated that NBP inhibits mitochondrial apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and increases ATP production through upregulation of Cox7c. Subsequently, mitochondrial respiratory capacity was improved and the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway was upregulated, which contributed to the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and blood brain barrier integrity and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, our findings provided a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of NBP, and also proposed for the first time that Cox7c exerts a critical role by protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Center for Children's Health, Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Leewe Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xianlin University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding Nan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zemou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Center for Children's Health, Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Feng L, Sharma A, Wang Z, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Co-administration of Nanowired DL-3-n-Butylphthalide (DL-NBP) Together with Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Monoclonal Antibodies to Alpha Synuclein and TDP-43 (TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43) Enhance Superior Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease Following Concussive Head Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:97-138. [PMID: 37480460 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) is one of the potent antioxidant compounds that induces profound neuroprotection in stroke and traumatic brain injury. Our previous studies show that dl-NBP reduces brain pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) following its nanowired delivery together with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exacerbated by concussive head injury (CHI). CHI alone elevates alpha synuclein (ASNC) in brain or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with elevated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). TDP-43 protein is also responsible for the pathologies of PD. Thus, it is likely that exacerbation of brain pathology in PD following brain injury may be thwarted using nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to ASNC and/or TDP-43. In this review, the co-administration of dl-NBP with MSCs and mAb to ASNC and/or TDP-43 using nanowired delivery in PD and CHI-induced brain pathology is discussed based on our own investigations. Our observations show that co-administration of TiO2 nanowired dl-NBP with MSCs and mAb to ASNC with TDP-43 induced superior neuroprotection in CHI induced exacerbation of brain pathology in PD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Tang S, Wang K, Qi X. Neuro-protective effects of n-butylphthalide on carbon monoxide poisoning rats by modulating IL-2, AKT and BCL-2. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:495-505. [PMID: 37661366 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (CO-poisoning) causes neurotoxicity by inducing necrosis, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a synthetic compound originally extracted from the seeds of Chinese celery and based on pure l-3-n-butylphthalide. In ischemia/reperfusion, it exerts neuroprotective effects through its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic and antioxidant properties, and activation of pro-survival pathways. Our study performed bioinformatic analysis to identify the differential expression genes. CO-poisoning patients' blood was collected to confirm the findings. Male rats were exposed to CO 3000 ppm for 40 min, and NBP (100 mg/kg/day) was continuously injected intraperitoneally immediately after poisoning and for the next 15 days. After NBP treatment, the rats were evaluated by Morris water maze test. At the end of experiments, blood and brain tissues of the rats were collected to evaluate the expression levels of IL-2, AKT and BCL-2. We found that IL-2 was elevated in CO-poisoning patients and animal models. Brain tissue damage in CO-poisoning rats was significantly alleviated after NBP treatment. Furthermore, NBP increased the expression of IL-2, AKT and BCL-2 in rat CO-poisoning model. NBP showed neuroprotective action by increasing IL-2, AKT, and BCL-2 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Tang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, China
| | - Kunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Teaching Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Xiaokun Qi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, China
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NBP Relieves Cardiac Injury and Reduce Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis in Heart Failure Mice by Activating Nrf2/HO-1/Ca2+-SERCA2a Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7464893. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7464893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although heart failure (HF) has become one of the most fatal diseases in the whole world, there are fewer drugs for its treatment. Therefore, we focused on the protective effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on myocardial injury and oxidative stress in heart failure mice and further investigated the relationship with the Nrf2/HO-1/Ca2+-SERCA2a axis. Methods. C57BL/6J mice were divided into the sham group (Sham), heart Failure model group (HF), HF + NBP group (HN), HN + Nrf2 inhibitor (HNM), HN + Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) antagonist, KN93 (HNK). The HF mice model was prepared using abdominal aorta ligation. Mice’s heart function was accessed by echocardiography. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and MASSON staining were used to identify myocardial injury; the cell apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL staining assay. The expression of oxidative stress-related proteins was detected by the ELISA assay. The reactive oxygen species and Nrf2 expression in heart tissue were observed with the immunofluorescence assay. SERCA2a, calmodulin, endoplasmic reticulum stress regulatory proteins, and Nrf2/HO-1 in mice’ heart tissues were measured using Western blotting. Results. Moreover, NBP could significantly promote heart failure mice’s heart function, relieve the injury and inhibit cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, it could reduce ERS injury of heart failure mice through increasing SERCA2a level and reducing Ca2+ influx. NBP was demonstrated to minimize CaMKII phosphorylation level and decrease cAMP-response element-binding protein phosphorylation level, suggesting NBP could also activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Conclusions. We demonstrated that NPBs treatment promotes the cardiomyocyte’s ERS and alleviates myocardial injury in heart failure mice, related to stimulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, regulating Ca2+-SERCA2a, and reducing Ca2+ influx.
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DL-3-N-Butylphthalide Promotes Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Synthesis and Inhibits Osteoarthritis Development by Regulating FoxO3a. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9468040. [PMID: 35910845 PMCID: PMC9329036 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9468040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported as a progressive disease in the elderly, primarily characterized by degenerated articular cartilage. There has been no satisfactory drug for the treatment of OA. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a small molecule compound extracted from celery seeds, may have antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in numerous studies. However, the effects of NBP on OA and its mechanisms have been rarely reported. In this study, the effect of NBP on OA in vitro and in vivo and its possible mechanism were investigated. The results showed that NBP injection into the knee joint inhibited osteoarthritis development in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by DMM+ACLT. NBP could increase the expressions of extracellular matrix-related components (such as type II collagen, aggrecan, proteoglycan 4, and SRY-box 9) in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and cartilage explants. Moreover, NBP promoted the expressions of SOD and CAT. NBP upregulated the expression of FoxO3a by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, which subsequently inhibited the apoptosis of human OA chondrocytes. In conclusion, NBP promotes cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis and inhibits osteoarthritis development and the underlying mechanism related to the activation of FoxO3a.
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Role of Butylphthalide in Immunity and Inflammation: Butylphthalide May Be a Potential Therapy for Anti-Inflammation and Immunoregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7232457. [PMID: 35422893 PMCID: PMC9005281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play an essential role in disease pathogenesis. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a group of compounds extracted from seeds of Apium graveolens (Chinese celery), has been demonstrated as an efficient and effective therapy for ischemic stroke. The amount of research on NBP protective effect is increasing at pace, such as microcircular reconstruction, alleviating inflammation, ameliorating brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitochondrial function protection, antiplatelet aggregation, antithrombosis, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing neural cell apoptosis. There has been increasing research emphasizing the association between NBP and immunity and inflammation in the past few years. Hence, it is aimed at reviewing the related literature and summarizing the underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory function of NBP in various disorders.
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Zhao S, Liu F, Shi W, Wang J, Zhou Z, Zhang X. DL-3-n-butylphthalide promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and reduces mossy fiber sprouting in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy rats. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:3. [PMID: 34979964 PMCID: PMC8722179 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis is considered an important cause of cognitive impairment, while changes in mossy fiber sprouting are closely related to development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Racemic l-3-n-butylphthalide (DL-NBP) can alleviate cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease by promoting neurogenesis. DL-NBP treatment can also improve cognitive function and reduce seizure incidence in chronic epileptic mice. However, the mechanisms of action of DL-NBP remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of DL-NBP on mossy fiber sprouting, hippocampal neurogenesis, spontaneous epileptic seizures, and cognitive functioning in the chronic phase of TLE. Methods Nissl staining was used to evaluate hippocampal injury, while immunofluorescent staining was used to analyze hippocampal neurogenesis. The duration of spontaneous seizures was measured by electroencephalography. The Morris water maze was used to evaluate cognitive function. Timm staining was used to assess mossy fiber sprouting. Results TLE animals showed reduced proliferation of newborn neurons, cognitive dysfunction, and spontaneous seizures. Treatment with DL-NBP after TLE increased the proliferation and survival of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus, reversed the neural loss in the hippocampus, alleviated cognitive impairments, and decreased mossy fiber sprouting and long-term spontaneous seizure activity. Conclusions We provided pathophysiological and morphological evidence that DL-NBP might be a useful therapeutic for the treatment of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangxi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tacheng District People's Hospital, Tacheng, 834700, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Lin PH, Kuo LT, Luh HT. The Roles of Neurotrophins in Traumatic Brain Injury. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:life12010026. [PMID: 35054419 PMCID: PMC8780368 DOI: 10.3390/life12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a collection of structurally and functionally related proteins. They play important roles in many aspects of neural development, survival, and plasticity. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to different levels of central nervous tissue destruction and cellular repair through various compensatory mechanisms promoted by the injured brain. Many studies have shown that neurotrophins are key modulators of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, blood–brain barrier permeability, memory capacity, and neurite regeneration. The expression of neurotrophins following TBI is affected by the severity of injury, genetic polymorphism, and different post-traumatic time points. Emerging research is focused on the potential therapeutic applications of neurotrophins in managing TBI. We conducted a comprehensive review by organizing the studies that demonstrate the role of neurotrophins in the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Lin
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Tzung Luh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-956279587
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13
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Yang L, Li H, Wu Y, Zhang H, Du J, Chen Y. Efficacy of sequential N-butylphthalide therapy on psychiatric and behavioral functions in acute ischemic stroke. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27860. [PMID: 34797324 PMCID: PMC8601294 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke can cause physical and mental problems. This study examined how the sequential therapy of N-butylphthalide (NBP) could effectively improve physical movement, life activities, and psychological disorders in stroke patients. METHODS This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included middle-aged or elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke that had commenced within 48 hours before enrolment in the study. The experimental group was administered 100 mL NBP injections twice a day in the first 14 days, and a sequential 200 mg NBP soft capsule 3 times a day for the next 76 days. The control group was administered 100 mL NBP placebo injections twice a day in the first 14 days and 200 mg sequential NBP placebo soft capsule 3 times a day for the next 76 days. Primary outcomes were the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Barthel Index of activities of daily living, and Modified Rankin Scale which were evaluated at day 0, day 14, and month 1 or at day 14, month 3, and month 6. Secondary outcomes included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale, all were evaluated on day 0, month 3, and month 6. Moreover, the adverse reaction of NBP or other serious adverse events were evaluated at each time. RESULTS Our therapy significantly increased the Barthel Index of activities of daily living scores, decreased the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale scores, and the incidence of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale of ischemic stroke patients (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that 90 days' sequential therapy with NBP as an additional therapy in the treatment of ischemic stroke can better improve patients' psychological and behavioral functions without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Urologic, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanzhi Wu
- Department of Urologic, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongdan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jieqiong Du
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, China
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Yang S, Yu C, Yang Z, Cui H, Wu Y, Liang Z, Liu Y, Shi X, Shao F, Zhao S, Tang Z. DL-3-n-butylphthalide-induced neuroprotection in rat models of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7464-7472. [PMID: 34061993 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most patients that resuscitate successfully from cardiac arrest (CA) suffer from poor neurological prognosis. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is known to have neuroprotective effects via multiple mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate whether NBP can decrease neurological impairment after CA. We studied the protective role of NBP in the hippocampus of a rat model of cardiac arrest induced by asphyxia. Thirty-nine rats were divided randomly into sham, control, and NBP groups. Rats in control and NBP groups underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 6 min after asphyxia. NBP or vehicle (saline) was administered intravenously 10 min after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed under transmission electron microscope. NBP treatment improved neurological function up to 72 h after CA. The ultrastructural lesion in mitochondria recovered in the NBP-treated CA model. In conclusion, our study demonstrated multiple therapeutic benefits of NBP after CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Huairou Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changxiao Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Huairou Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziren Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Wei ZZ, Chen D, Lee MJH, Zhao Y, Gu X, Yu SP, Wei L. DL-3-n-butylphthalide Increases Collateriogenesis and Functional Recovery after Focal Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1835-1849. [PMID: 34631224 PMCID: PMC8460296 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that collateral circulation is critical for the outcome of ischemic stroke. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a synthesized compound based on an extract from seeds of celery Apium graveolens Linn, has been used as a therapeutic drug, showing multiple neuroprotective and regenerative activities. A potential effect of NBP on collateral arterial regulation is unknown. We examined the effects of NBP on arteriogenesis of collateral arteries in vitro and a mouse ischemic stroke model. In cultures of mouse iPS cell-derived vascular progenitors, NBP (10 μM) significantly increased α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)/CD-31 co-labeled cells and the expression of newly formed vasculature marker PDGFRα. A sensorimotor cortex ischemia was induced in transgenic mice expressing αSMA-GFP that allowed direct observation of arterial vasculatures in brain regions. NBP (80 mg/kg) was intranasally delivered 1 hr after stroke and once daily for 14 days. To label proliferating cells, 5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated every day from 3 days after stroke. Western blotting of peri-infarct tissue detected increased expressions of VEGF, Ang-1 and reduced nNOS level in NBP-treated mice. The NBP treatment significantly increased αSMA/BrdU co-labeled cells, the diameter of ipsilateral collaterals, and arterial area in ischemic and peri-infarct regions examined 14 days after stroke. Examined 3 days after stroke, NBP prevented functional deficits in the cylinder test and corner test. The NBP treatment of 14 days improved the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and functional performance in multiple tests. Thus, NBP promotes collateriogenesis, short and long-term structural and functional improvements after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zachory Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Joong H Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yu Y, Zhu Y, Sun X, Li Y, Wang M, Dong B, Sun X, Hou W. DL-3-n-butylphthalide protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating HSP70 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1008. [PMID: 34345290 PMCID: PMC8311253 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is commonly used to treat ischemic strokes due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to examine the protective effects of NBP on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) by establishing a MIRI model in H9c2 cells. Cell viability assay using Cell Counting Kit-8, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assessed to detect cell activity, degree of cell injury and oxidative stress reaction. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to quantify the expression of inflammatory factors in H9c2 cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression of PI3K/AKT and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The present results indicated that NBP significantly increased cell viability during ischemia-reperfusion. Moreover, NBP inhibited the release of LDH and the production of MDA. NBP treatment also significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory factors at the mRNA level. Additionally, NBP activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and upregulated the expression of HSP70 compared with cells in the MIRI model. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, reversed the protective effects of NBP and suppressed the expression of HSP70. The present study demonstrated that NBP protected H9c2 cells from MIRI by regulating HSP70 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Mingling Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Wenming Hou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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17
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Lin LS, Lin LL, Lin T, Wu YA. Simultaneous determination of 3-n-butylphthalide and its metabolite 10-hydroxy-butylphthalide in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5184. [PMID: 34060121 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is a potent drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of NBP and its circulating metabolite 10-hydroxy-NBP in rat plasma using senkyunolide I as the internal standard (IS). The analytes and IS were extracted from the plasma by ethyl acetate-ethyl ether (1:5, v/v) and then separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, which was delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min with gradient elution. MS detection was achieved under selective reaction monitoring mode with precursor-to-product transitions at m/z 191.1 > 145.1 for NBP, m/z 207.1 > 171.1 for 10-hydroxy-NBP and m/z 207.1 > 161.1 for IS, respectively. The assay showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL for both analytes, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.998. The other validation parameters were all within the required limits. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method has been further applied to the pharmacokinetic study of NBP and 10-hydroxy-NBP in rats after they were orally administered with NBP (30 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shu Lin
- Department of Dermatological Fungi Laboratory, The First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Ling Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Government Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-An Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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18
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Sun Y, Zhao Z, Li Q, Wang C, Ge X, Wang X, Wang G, Qin Y. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide regulates cholinergic dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520936177. [PMID: 32644834 PMCID: PMC7350057 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520936177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) affects cholinergic system function and ameliorates cognitive decline in a rat model of vascular dementia (VaD). Methods The VaD rat model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation (two-vessel occlusion, 2VO). Rats were divided into five groups: control, sham, 2VO, 2VO+NBP (80 mg/kg; intragastric), and 2VO+donepezil (1 mg/kg; intragastric). Treatments were administered once daily for 2 weeks from day 21 post-surgery. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze performance. Hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressions were detected using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Results The daily escape latency was significantly longer in 2VO rats than in the sham or control groups, while the time spent in the target quadrant was significantly shorter. The daily escape latency of the 2VO+NBP group was significantly shorter compared with the 2VO group. Following NBP treatment, ChAT, AChE, VAChT, and BDNF expressions were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus. Conclusions Central cholinergic dysfunction may be involved in VaD pathogenesis. NBP treatment significantly improved spatial learning and memory in VaD rats, and may enhance cholinergic system function via BDNF-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Scientific Research Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xintong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Library of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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The Role of BDNF in Experimental and Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073582. [PMID: 33808272 PMCID: PMC8037220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world with no current pharmacological treatment. The role of BDNF in neural repair and regeneration is well established and has also been the focus of TBI research. Here, we review experimental animal models assessing BDNF expression following injury as well as clinical studies in humans including the role of BDNF polymorphism in TBI. There is a large heterogeneity in experimental setups and hence the results with different regional and temporal changes in BDNF expression. Several studies have also assessed different interventions to affect the BDNF expression following injury. Clinical studies highlight the importance of BDNF polymorphism in the outcome and indicate a protective role of BDNF polymorphism following injury. Considering the possibility of affecting the BDNF pathway with available substances, we discuss future studies using transgenic mice as well as iPSC in order to understand the underlying mechanism of BDNF polymorphism in TBI and develop a possible pharmacological treatment.
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Jia J, Jin H, Nan D, Yu W, Huang Y. New insights into targeting mitochondria in ischemic injury. Apoptosis 2021; 26:163-183. [PMID: 33751318 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a marker of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Maintaining the function of mitochondria is important for improving the survival of neurons and maintaining neuronal function. Damaged mitochondria induce neuronal cell apoptosis by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-apoptotic factors. Mitochondrial fission and fusion processes and mitophagy are of great importance to mitochondrial quality control. This paper reviews the dynamic changes in mitochondria, the roles of mitochondria in different cell types, and related signaling pathways in ischemic stroke. This review describes in detail the role of mitochondria in the process of neuronal injury and protection in cerebral ischemia, and integrates neuroprotective drugs targeting mitochondria in recent years, which may provide a theoretical basis for the progress of treatment of ischemic stroke. The potential of mitochondrial-targeted therapy is also emphasized, which provides valuable insights for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ding Nan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Pi Z, Liu J, Xiao H, Hu Z. L-3-n-butylphthalide promotes restoration after an experimental animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2607-2614. [PMID: 34104092 PMCID: PMC8176182 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality, and the effective therapies for ICH remain to be explored. L-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, few studies evaluated the therapeutic effects of NBP on ICH. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of NBP on ICH and its potential mechanism. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, saline-treated (ICH + saline) group, and NBP-treated (ICH + NBP) group. The ICH model of SD rats induced by IV collagenase was established. The modified Garcia JH score was used to detect the neurological deficit in rats. Western Blot and immunohistochemistry analysis was applied to test the levels of UBIAD1 and caspase-3 expressions in the perihematomal region. The rates of apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining. The results showed that NBP up-regulated the expression of UBIAD1, reduced the apoptotic cells in the perihematomal region, and improved the neurological deficit. Taken together, our study added some new evidence to the application of NBP in ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Pi
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Rhea EM, Logsdon AF, Banks WA, Erickson ME. Intranasal Delivery: Effects on the Neuroimmune Axes and Treatment of Neuroinflammation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111120. [PMID: 33233734 PMCID: PMC7699866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the pre-clinical and clinical work performed to use intranasal delivery of various compounds from growth factors to stem cells to reduce neuroimmune interactions. We introduce the concept of intranasal (IN) delivery and the variations of this delivery method based on the model used (i.e., rodents, non-human primates, and humans). We summarize the literature available on IN delivery of growth factors, vitamins and metabolites, cytokines, immunosuppressants, exosomes, and lastly stem cells. We focus on the improvement of neuroimmune interactions, such as the activation of resident central nervous system (CNS) immune cells, expression or release of cytokines, and detrimental effects of signaling processes. We highlight common diseases that are linked to dysregulations in neuroimmune interactions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-764-2938
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michelle E. Erickson
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Fang M, Yuan J, Jiang S, Hu Y, Pan S, Zhu J, Fu X, Jiang H, Lin J, Li P, Lin Z. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis and alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption in newborn rats. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147046. [PMID: 32763236 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) has been demonstrated to exert neuroprotective effects in experimental models and human patients. This study was performed to assess the therapeutic effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of NBP in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat model. The results showed that NBP treatment significantly reduced the infarct volume, improved histological recovery, decreased neuronal cell loss, enhanced neuronal cell rehabilitation, promoted neurite growth and decreased white matter injury. In addition, NBP treatment effectively improved long-term neurobehavioral development and prognosis after HI injury. We further demonstrated an inhibitory effect of NBP on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, evidenced by reduction in ER stress-related protein expressions (GRP78, XBP-1, PDI and CHOP), decrease in TUNEL-positive cells, down-regulation in pro-apoptosis protein (Bax and cleaved caspase-3), up-regulation in anti-apoptosis protein (Bcl-2). Moreover, NBP exerted a protective effect in blood-brain barrier disruption, which ameliorated brain edema and reduced the degeneration of the tight junction proteins (Occludin and Claudin-5) and adherens junction proteins (P120-Catenin, VE-Cadherin and β-Catenin). Overall, our findings demonstrated that NBP treatment attenuated HI brain injury through inhibiting ER stress-induced apoptosis and alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption in newborn rats. This work provides an effective therapeutic strategy to reduce brain damage and enhance recovery after neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, China
| | - Shishuang Jiang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shulin Pan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huai Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Neonatology, Taizhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
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Niu F, Sharma A, Wang Z, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Co-administration of TiO 2-nanowired dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) and mesenchymal stem cells enhanced neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease exacerbated by concussive head injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:101-155. [PMID: 33223034 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) is a powerful antioxidant compound with profound neuroprotective effects in stroke and brain injury. However, its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well known. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the key factors in precipitating PD like symptoms in civilians and particularly in military personnel. Thus, it would be interesting to explore the possible neuroprotective effects of NBP in PD following concussive head injury (CHI). In this chapter effect of nanowired delivery of NBP together with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in PD with CHI is discussed based on our own investigations. It appears that CHI exacerbates PD pathophysiology in terms of p-tau, α-synuclein (ASNC) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the loss of TH immunoreactivity in substantia niagra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (STr) along with dopamine (DA), dopamine decarboxylase (DOPAC). And homovanillic acid (HVA). Our observations are the first to show that a combination of NBP with MSCs when delivered using nanowired technology induces superior neuroprotective effects in PD brain pathology exacerbated by CHI, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Niu
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Qu M, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Sun J, Liu L, Wei L, Zhang Y. Vascular protection and regenerative effects of intranasal DL-3-N-butylphthalide treatment after ischaemic stroke in mice. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 6:74-79. [PMID: 32958696 PMCID: PMC8005898 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of DL-3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) via intranasal delivery after ischaemic stroke in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: sham, stroke with vehicle and stroke with NBP treatment. Ischaemic stroke was induced by permanent ligation of right middle cerebral artery with 7 min common carotid artery occlusion. NBP (100 mg/kg) or vehicle was intranasally administered at 1 hour after stroke and repeated once a day until sacrifice. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (50 mg/kg/day) was given from the third day until sacrifice. Sensorimotor function was tested during 1–21 days after stroke. Local cerebral blood flow in the ischaemic and peri-infarct regions was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry before, during and 3 days after ischaemia. Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase as well as regenerative marker BrdU in the peri-infarct region were analysed by western blotting and immunohistochemical methods. Results Compared with the vehicle group, NBP treatment significantly increased the VEGF expression in the poststroke brain. Stroke mice that received NBP showed significantly less vascular damage after stroke and more new neurons and blood vessels in the peri-infarct region at 21 days after stroke. In the adhesive removal test, the sensorimotor function of stroke mice treated with NBP performed significantly better at 1, 3 and 7 days after stroke compared with vehicle controls. Conclusion Daily intranasal NBP treatment provides protective and neurogenic/angiogenic effects in the poststroke brain, accompanied with functional improvements after a focal ischaemic stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Qu
- Neurology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Chinese Traditional Medicine, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Neurology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmei Sun
- Neurology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Neurology, Tiantan Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Neurology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Marco-Contelles J, Zhang Y. From Seeds of Apium graveolens Linn. to a Cerebral Ischemia Medicine: The Long Journey of 3- n-Butylphthalide. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12485-12510. [PMID: 32672958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) as well as its derivatives and analogues (NBPs), in racemic or enantiomerically pure forms, possess potent and diverse pharmacological properties and have shown a great potential therapeutic interest for many human conditions, especially for cerebral ischemia. This Perspective outlines the synthesis and therapeutic applications of NBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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27
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Curcumin alleviates neuroinflammation, enhances hippocampal neurogenesis, and improves spatial memory after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:84-93. [PMID: 32502596 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most obvious symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive decline is related to substantially increased neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus in a rat model of TBI. Using this model, we explored the role of curcumin (Cur) in ameliorating TBI-impaired spatial memory because Cur has been shown to exhibit anti-chronic-neuroinflammatory, neurogenesis-promoting, and memory-improving properties. Animals received daily Cur or vehicle treatment for 28 days after TBI and also received 50-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) for the first 7 days of the treatment for assaying neurogenesis. An optimal Cur dose of 30 mg/kg, selected from a range of 10-50 mg/kg, was used for the present study. Neuroinflammation was evaluated by astrocyte hypertrophy, activated microglia, and inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. Behavioral water-maze studies were conducted for 5 days, starting at 35-day post-TBI. The tropomyosin receptor kinase B (Trkb) inhibitor, ANA-12, was used to test the role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/ TrkB/Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in regulating inflammation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Treatment with Cur ameliorated the spatial memory of TBI rats, reduced TBI-induced chronic inflammation, typified by diminished astrocyte hypertrophy, reduction in activated microglia, declined inflammatory factors, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. We also found that BDNF/Trkb/PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the effects of Cur in TBI rats. Thus, Cur treatment can ameliorate the spatial memory in a murine model of TBI, which may be attributable to decreased chronic neuroinflammation, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and/or BDNF/Trkb/PI3K/Akt signaling.
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28
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The impact of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on the lipidomics of the hippocampus in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced depression. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106464. [PMID: 32464175 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated inflammation is commonly observed in depression, but whether this association is causal is not determined. Our previous basic research indicated that Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) possessed an anti-inflammatory effect. Additional recent evidence consistently suggests that depression is associated with lipid metabolism. Therefore, our study performed an untargeted lipidomics approach of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to reveal the potential discriminating lipid profile of the hippocampus for NBP involvement in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression. Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 6): control, LPS-induced model of depression (LPS), or NBP involvement in the LPS-induced model of depression (LPS + NBP). Statistical analysis was used to identify differential hippocampus lipids in the LPS, NBP + LPS, and control groups. Our study demonstrated that most of the differentially expressed lipid metabolites were involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, which may partially account for the pathophysiological process of depression. However, more pre-clinical and clinical evidence is warranted to determine the extent and consistency of the role of NBP and further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced depression.
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Zhang J, Guo Y, Li W, Li G, Chen Y. The Efficacy of N-Butylphthalide and Dexamethasone Combined with Hyperbaric Oxygen on Delayed Encephalopathy After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1333-1339. [PMID: 32308366 PMCID: PMC7135188 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s217010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common health problem among people in many countries, primarily because of its severe clinical effects and high toxicological morbidity and mortality. Acute brain injury and delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) are the most common neurological complications. This study was performed to assess the efficacy of N-butylphthalide (NBP) and dexamethasone (DXM) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in patients with DEACMP. Patients and Methods A total of 171 patients with DEACMP were recruited and assigned to the combined therapy group (receiving NBP and DXM 5 mg/day plus HBO therapy) or the control group (HBO therapy as monotherapy). Conventional treatments were provided for all patients. The cognition and movement changes in patients were evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the Barthel index of activities of daily living (ADL) before and after the treatment at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year, respectively. Results At 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after the treatment, the MMSE, MoCA and ADL scores were all significantly higher in the combined therapy group than those in the control group. There were no significant alterations in blood glucose, blood lipids, or liver and kidney function during the whole treatment session. Some patients experienced loss of appetite, mild headache and minor skin irritations. However, these patients recovered by themselves and needed no additional medications or special treatment. Conclusion These results indicated that NBP and DXM combined with HBO for the treatment of DEACMP can significantly improve the cognitive and motor functions of patients and is very safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Guo
- Emergency Department, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyao Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wang Y, Shen Y, Liu Z, Gu J, Xu C, Qian S, Zhang X, Zhou B, Jin Y, Sun Y. Dl-NBP (Dl-3-N-Butylphthalide) Treatment Promotes Neurological Functional Recovery Accompanied by the Upregulation of White Matter Integrity and HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch/Dll4 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1595. [PMID: 32038259 PMCID: PMC6993069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) was approved by the FDA of China for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Dl-NBP has been shown to promote neurological functional recovery and enhance white matter integrity using an endothelin-1-induced focal permanent cerebral ischemia model, which could mimic those patients who have no opportunity to receive either tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis or endovascular therapy. However, it is not clear whether dl-NBP could promote neurological functional recovery in a focal transient cerebral ischemia model, which could mimic those patients who have the opportunity to receive either tPA thrombolysis or endovascular therapy. In this study, using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice, we aim to explore the effect of two-week dl-NBP treatment on neurological functional recovery after ischemic stroke as well as its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that dl-NBP treatment promoted functional recovery assessed by neurological scores and an adhesive remove test, and this improved the integrity of white matter after 60-min ischemia and 14-day reperfusion. In addition, dl-NBP increased the number of RECA-1 positive vessels and enhanced the expression of the tight junction protein occludin. More importantly, dl-NBP also promoted the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α, the vascular endothelial growth factor, Notch, and delta-like ligand 4. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that dl-NBP treatment could also promote functional recovery after focal transient ischemia stroke, and this recovery is associated with upregulated white matter integrity, microvessels, and the tight junction protein occludin. Our results suggested that, in future, dl-NBP may also be applied in clinic to promote functional recovery during the later phase of focal transient ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yufei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ziyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingxia Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Congying Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuxia Qian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Beiqun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuhua Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yanyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wu F, Xu K, Xu K, Teng C, Zhang M, Xia L, Zhang K, Liu L, Chen Z, Xiao J, Wu Y, Zhang H, Chen D. Dl-3n-butylphthalide improves traumatic brain injury recovery via inhibiting autophagy-induced blood-brain barrier disruption and cell apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1220-1232. [PMID: 31840938 PMCID: PMC6991645 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuronal apoptosis are important pathophysiological processes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In clinical stroke, Dl-3n-butylphthalide (Dl-NBP) has a neuroprotective effect with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and mitochondrion-protective functions. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of Dl-NBP for TBI need to be further investigated. Here, we had used an animal model of TBI and SH-SY5Y/human brain microvascular endothelial cells to explore it. We found that Dl-NBP administration exerts a neuroprotective effect in TBI/OGD and BBB disorder, which up-regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and promotes neuronal survival via inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. The expressions of autophagy-related proteins, including ATG7, Beclin1 and LC3II, were significantly increased after TBI/OGD, and which were reversed by Dl-NBP treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, rapamycin treatment had abolished the effect of Dl-NBP for TBI recovery. Collectively, our current studies indicate that Dl-NBP treatment improved locomotor functional recovery after TBI by inhibiting the activation of autophagy and consequently blocking the junction protein loss and neuronal apoptosis. Dl-NBP, as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative drug, may act as an effective strategy for TBI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical development of growth factors,Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of WenzhouWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Kebin Xu
- Department of PharmacyHwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina
| | - Chenhuai Teng
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Leilei Xia
- Department of EmergencyWenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zaifeng Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical development of growth factors,Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of WenzhouWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Experimental Research CentreDongyang People's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Daqing Chen
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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32
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Zhang XL, Dong YT, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li TT, Hu FY. Effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels in acute cerebral infarction. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01469. [PMID: 31724337 PMCID: PMC6908883 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the curative effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and its effects on serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. METHODS A total of 136 ACI patients treated in our hospital, who met the criteria, were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 60, including 28 males and 32 females) and treatment group (n = 76, including 32 males and 44 females). Patients in the control group were treated with routine drug therapy, while patients in the treatment group were treated with NBP on this basis. A dose of 100 ml was administered by intravenous injection for 2 times/day, for 14 days. The curative effect was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel index (BI) self-care ability. The levels of the two factors in serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the changes in levels of these two factors in serum at different time points before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS (a) Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP levels in the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment and those in the control group after treatment (p < .05). (b) The NIHSS and BI scores in the treatment group were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment and those in the control group after treatment (p < .05). CONCLUSION Dl-3-n-butylphthalide can improve the expression of Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP in serum in ACI patients. Furthermore, NBP has significant efficacy in inhibiting inflammation and improving neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yin-Tao Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng-Yun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Luo R, Wangqin R, Zhu L, Bi W. Neuroprotective mechanisms of 3-n-butylphthalide in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:235-240. [PMID: 31798868 PMCID: PMC6873419 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute ischemia stroke in 2002, a number of studies have investigated NBP worldwide. In recent years, NBP has also demonstrated potential as treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases, which has increased the interest in its mechanisms of protection and action. Clinical studies and studies that used cell or animal models, have directly demonstrated neuroprotective effects of NBP via the following mechanisms: i) Inhibiting the inflammatory reaction; ii) reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress; iii) regulating apoptosis and autophagy; iv) inducing resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress; and v) decreasing abnormal protein deposition. Therefore, NBP may be a potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases, and it is particularly important to identify the mechanism of NBP as it may assist with the development of new drugs for neurodegeneration. The present review summarizes the neuroprotective mechanisms of NBP and discusses new perspectives and prospects. The aim of the current review is to provide a new summary regarding NBP and its associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Runqi Wangqin
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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34
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Gao M, Ji S, Li J, Zhang S. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) ameliorates cognitive deficits and CaMKII-mediated long-term potentiation impairment in the hippocampus of diabetic db/db mice. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1024-1033. [PMID: 31578943 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1672387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes-associated cognitive deficits is characterized by long-term potentiation (LTP) decline in the hippocampus. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a novel agent exerting protective effect against ischemic brain. However, the effects of NBP on diabetes-associated cognitive deficits and underlying mechanisms are not fully clear. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of NBP on the cognitive deficits through activating CaMKII-mediated LTP process and protecting neuron structure of hippocampus in diabetic db/db mice. Methods: Male db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db group (n = 8) and db/db+NBP group (n = 8, 120mg/Kg NBP by gavage). Male db/m mice (n = 8) were included as control group. All animals were treated for 6 weeks. Morris Water Maze test was carried out to evaluate cognitive function. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to test LTP level. HE-staining and electron microscopy of hippocampus were used to observe structure change of neurons and synapse. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to assess the expression of CaMKII, NR2B, and GluR1. Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus caused LTP decline, and significantly decreased NR2B, CaMKII, and GluR1 expression. Histological analysis showed that disorganized pyramidal cells, as well as degraded neuron and synapse ultrastructure in db/db mice. NBP treatment restored LTP and its associated proteins in db/db mice. The structure changes of hippocampal cells were partly reversed by NBP intervention. Conclusion: These results suggest that NBP ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus through improving CaMKII-mediated LTP and cell ultrastructure in the hippocampus. NBP is a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes-associated cognitive deficits. Abbreviations: NBP: DL-3-n-butylphthalide; LTP: long-term potentiation; CaMKII: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; NR2B: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subtype 2B; GluR1: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subtype 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , China
| | - Suxiao Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Handan First Hospital , Handan , Hebei , China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , China
| | - Songyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , China
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Li W, Wei D, Lin J, Liang J, Xie X, Song K, Huang L. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Reduces Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Through GDNF/GFRα1/Ret Signaling Preventing Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:351. [PMID: 31456664 PMCID: PMC6701226 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neuron death is a key factor in vascular dementia (VD) induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a multiple-effects drug. Therefore, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying CCH and its feasible treatment should be investigated. This study had two main purposes: first, to identify a potential biomarker in a rat model of CCH induced VD using antibody microarrays; and second, to explore the neuroprotective role of NBP at targeting the potential biomarker. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)/GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1)/receptor tyrosine kinase (Ret) signaling is altered in the hippocampus of CCH rats; however, NBP treatment improved cognitive function, protected against hippocampal neuron apoptosis via regulation of GDNF/GFRα1/Ret, and activated the phosphorylation AKT (p-AKT) and ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) signaling. We also found that 1 h oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 48 h reperfusion (R) in cultured hippocampal neurons led to downregulation of GDNF/GFRα1/Ret. NBP upregulated the signaling and increased neuronal survival. Ret inhibitor (NVP-AST487) inhibits Ret and downstream effectors, including p-AKT and p-ERK1/2. Additionally, both GDNF and GFRα1 expression are markedly inhibited in hippocampal neurons by coincubation with NVP-AST487, particularly under conditions of OGD/R. GDNF/GFRα1/Ret signaling and neuronal viability can be maintained by NBP, which activates p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, increases expression of Bcl-2, and decreases expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. The current study showed that GDNF/GFRα1/Ret signaling plays an essential role in the CCH induced VD. NBP was protective against hippocampal neuron apoptosis, and this was associated with regulation of GDNF/GFRα1/Ret and AKT/ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thus reducing cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangping Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Q, Yan T, Jiang W, Hu N, Zhang S, Yang P, Zhang W, Shi L, Liu L. Simultaneous quantification of ligustilide, dl-3-n-butylphthalide and senkyunolide A in rat plasma by GC-MS and its application to comparative pharmacokinetic studies of Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract alone and Baizhi Chuanxiong Decoction. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4625. [PMID: 31222844 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The herb couple has special clinical significance in reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs. The combination of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi, BZ) and Rhizoma Chuanxiong (ChuanXiong, CX) is a traditional herb couple. The combination performs better than the CX extract alone in the treatment of migraine and has been used for thousands of years. However, the specific compatibility mechanisms are still unclear. Ligustilide, dl-3-n-butylphthalide and senkyunolide A are the major active ingredients in CX and BZ-CX decoction. However, a comprehensive study of the pharmacokinetics of CX has not been carried out. A gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method with high selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy was developed. An SH-Rxi-5Sil (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., and 0.25 μm film thickness) column was employed in the GC separation. Selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability were used to validate the current GC-MS method. Using the validated method, this is the first time to study on the comparative pharmacokinetics of ligustilide, dl-3-n-butylphthalide and senkyunolide A from CX alone and BZ-CX decoction in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax , Tmax , T1/2 , AUC0-t , AUC0-∞ and CLz/F) of all of the detected ingredients showed significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results are helpful for further investigation of the compatibility mechanism of BZ-CX decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Luan D, Wu ZY, Zhang YX, Yuan LL, Xu Y, Chu ZH, Ma LS, Wang YP, Zhao SC. Effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on infarction volume in animal models of ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:358-372. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i7.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a frequently-occurring disease in the elderly and characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a synthetic compound based on natural celery seeds, has potential therapeutic effects on cerebral ischemia, brain trauma, memory impairment, and epilepsy.
AIM To evaluated the effect of NBP on infarct volume in experimental ischemic stroke.
METHODS Twenty one relevant literatures were included from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP information database, and Wanfang database, and data on the effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on infarction volume in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed using standard mean difference with random effects model of Revman 5.3.
RESULTS The data of meta-analysis of the 21 studies had suggested that NBP reduced the cerebral infarction volume of middle cerebral artery occlusion model animals compared to the control group significantly [SMD: -3.97, 95%CI: -4.71 to -3.23, P < 0.01; heterogeneity: χ2 = 59.09, df = 20 (P < 0.01); I2 = 66 %].
CONCLUSION NBP was effective in experimental ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Luan
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhao-Hu Chu
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ling-Song Ma
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shou-Cai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
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Chen XQ, Qiu K, Liu H, He Q, Bai JH, Lu W. Application and prospects of butylphthalide for the treatment of neurologic diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1467-1477. [PMID: 31205106 PMCID: PMC6629339 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) comprises one of the chemical constituents of celery oil. It has a series of pharmacologic mechanisms including reconstructing microcirculation, protecting mitochondrial function, inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, etc. Based on the complex multi-targets of pharmacologic mechanisms of NBP, the clinical application of NBP is increasing and more clinical researches and animal experiments are also focused on NBP. The aim of this review was to comprehensively and systematically summarize the application of NBP on neurologic diseases and briefly summarize its application to non-neurologic diseases. Moreover, recent progress in experimental models of NBP on animals was summarized. DATA SOURCES Literature was collected from PubMed and Wangfang database until November 2018, using the search terms including "3-N-butylphthalide," "microcirculation," "mitochondria," "ischemic stroke," "Alzheimer disease," "vascular dementia," "Parkinson disease," "brain edema," "CO poisoning," "traumatic central nervous system injury," "autoimmune disease," "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," "seizures," "diabetes," "diabetic cataract," and "atherosclerosis." STUDY SELECTION Literature was mainly derived from English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts and partly derived from Chinese articles. Article type was not limited. References were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors' files. RESULTS NBP has become an important adjunct for ischemic stroke. In vascular dementia, the clinical application of NBP to treat severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by the hypoperfusion of brain tissue during cerebrovascular disease is also increasing. Evidence also suggests that NBP has a therapeutic effect for neurodegenerative diseases. Many animal experiments have found that it can also improve symptoms in other neurologic diseases such as epilepsy, cerebral edema, and decreased cognitive function caused by severe acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Moreover, NBP has therapeutic effects for diabetes, diabetes-induced cataracts, and non-neurologic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, NBP mainly improves microcirculation and protects mitochondria. Its broad pharmacologic effects also include inhibiting oxidative stress, nerve cell apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects. CONCLUSIONS The varied pharmacologic mechanisms of NBP involve many complex molecular mechanisms; however, there many unknown pharmacologic effects await further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Kong L, Yao Y, Xia Y, Liang X, Ni Y, Yang J. Osthole alleviates inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:349-360. [PMID: 31056982 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1608560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurotrosis disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which has dramatic consequences on the integrity of damaged tissue. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and anti-inflammatory actions of osthole, a natural coumarin derivative, in both in vivo and in vitro TBI models. We first prepared a mouse model of cortical stab wound brain injury, investigated the capacity for osthole to prevent secondary brain injury and further examined the underlying mechanism. We revealed that osthole significantly improved the neurological function, increased the number of neurons beside injured site. Additionally, osthole treatment reduced the expression of microglia and glial scar, lowered the level of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and blocked the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, the protective effect of osthole was also examined in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to scratch injury. Treatment of osthole prominently suppressed cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors release by blocking injury-induced IκB-α phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation, and upregulated the IκB-α which functions in the NF-κB signaling pathway of SH-SY5Y cells. However, NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, the anti-inflammatory effect of osthole was abolished. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that osthole attenuated inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yingjia Yao
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yang Xia
- b Department of Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Xicai Liang
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yingnan Ni
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
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Zhou H, Ye M, Xu W, Yu M, Liu X, Chen Y. DL-3-n-butylphthalide therapy for Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3800-3806. [PMID: 30988766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) do not delay or prevent disease development and progression. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), isolated from Apium graveolens seeds, alleviates oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been revealed to reduce the loss of dopamine neurons in pre-clinical PD models, and has been approved for the treatment of ischemic stroke patients. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether NBP has the capacity provide a benefit for PD patients and to slow disease progression. A randomized, controlled trial was performed between September 2014 and December 2016. Pairs of patients matched by age, gender and off-medication Unified PD Rating Scale motor subscale (UPDRS-III) scores, were randomly assigned to an NBP treatment group and a control group. All patients continued their originally prescribed medication regimen and those in the NBP group were administered NBP at 200 mg three times daily for 24 weeks. Primary outcome measures were changes in UPDRS-III, including tremor score and non-tremor score, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the PD 39-items questionnaire (PDQ) scores. Assessments were completed by blinded evaluators at baseline and 12, 24 and 48 weeks after randomization. All patients were monitored for adverse events (AEs). A total of 103 patients were enrolled in the present study. The NBP group exhibited significantly greater improvements in the non-tremor, PSQI and PDQ-39 scores than the control group, which generally exhibited no improvement. NBP-associated AEs were uncommon and primarily consisted of mild gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, over the 6-month treatment period, NBP was safe and effective for improving the symptoms and impairing the progression of patients with PD (Trial registry number, ChiCTR1800018892).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Wu T, Li H, Li X, Li Q, Zhu X, Yu M, Kuo SH, Huang F, Wu YC. Dl-3- n-Butylphthalide Exerts Dopaminergic Neuroprotection Through Inhibition of Neuroinflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:44. [PMID: 30873019 PMCID: PMC6403182 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to multiple neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Therefore, the regulation of microglial activation probably has the therapeutic potential. This study is aimed to determine whether NBP could suppress microglial activation and protect dopaminergic neurons from excessive neuroinflammation. In the present study, MPTP-induced PD model was established to explore the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of NBP. We assessed motor deficits, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and microglial activation in PD mice. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory activity of NBP was confirmed by cell viability assay of SH-SY5Y cells after being treated with conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells and from 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+)-stimulated BV-2 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory molecules was determined by RT-PCR, Western Blot and ELISA assay. The generation of NO and ROS were also assessed. The involvement of signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3k/Akt were further investigated by Western Blot and immunofluorescence assay. The neuroprotective effect of NBP was demonstrated in vivo as shown by the improvement of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, motor deficits and microglial activation in MPTP-induced mouse model of PD. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators was also reduced by NBP administration. In vitro, NBP also protected dopaminergic neurons from neurotoxicity induced by activated microglia. NBP pretreatment not only reduced pro-inflammatory molecules, but also suppressed NO release and ROS generation in BV-2 cells. Further mechanism research suggested that the inactivation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt may involve in anti-neuroinflammation role of NBP. In conclusion, our results revealed that NBP exerted dopaminergic neuroprotection through inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, suggesting the promising therapeutic effect of NBP for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Niu F, Sharma A, Feng L, Ozkizilcik A, Muresanu DF, Lafuente JV, Tian ZR, Nozari A, Sharma HS. Nanowired delivery of DL-3-n-butylphthalide induces superior neuroprotection in concussive head injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:89-118. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tao L, Zhang L, Gao R, Jiang F, Cao J, Liu H. Andrographolide Alleviates Acute Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury: Possible Involvement of Inflammatory Signaling. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:657. [PMID: 30294256 PMCID: PMC6158349 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in neurodegenerative disorders. This study therefore aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Andro after TBI and explore the underlying mechanisms. In our study, we used a weight-dropped model to induce TBI in Sprague–Dawley rats, the neurological deficits were assessed using modified neurological severity scores, Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining were employed to examine neuronal degeneration and apoptosis after TBI, immunofluorescence was designed to investigate microglial activation. Quantitative Real-time PCR and ELISA were conducted to detect the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Western blot was used to examine the expression level of proteins of relative signaling pathway. Our results showed that after Andro administration, the neurological deficit was attenuated, and the cerebral edema and apoptosis in brain tissues were also decreased following TBI. Both microglial activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited by Andro after TBI. Moreover, Andro inhibited NF-κB p65 subunit translocation and decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK after TBI. Altogether, this study suggests that Andro could improve neurobehavioral function by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in TBI, which might provide a new approach for treating brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine Center, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Department of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine Center, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
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Huang L, Wang S, Ma F, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Xing C, Feng Y, Wang X, Peng Y. From stroke to neurodegenerative diseases: The multi-target neuroprotective effects of 3-n-butylphthalide and its derivatives. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:201-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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DL-3-n-butylphthalide improves ventricular function, and prevents ventricular remodeling and arrhythmias in post-MI rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 391:627-637. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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DL-3-n-Butylphthalide reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility by inhibiting atrial structural remodeling in rats with heart failure. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:323-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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