1
|
Kalashnyk O, Lykhmus O, Koval L, Uspenska K, Obolenskaya M, Chernyshov V, Komisarenko S, Skok M. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate translocation of HIF-1α to the cell nucleus and mitochondria upon hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 657:35-42. [PMID: 36972659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), initially characterized as ligand-gated ion channels mediating fast synaptic transmission, are now found in many non-excitable cells and mitochondria where they function in ion-independent manner and regulate vital cellular processes like apoptosis, proliferation, cytokine secretion. Here we show that the nAChRs of α7 subtype are present in the nuclei of liver cells and astrocytoma U373 cell line. As shown by lectin ELISA, the nuclear α7 nAChRs are mature glycoproteins that follow the standard rout of post-translational modifications in Golgi; however, their glycosylation profile is non-identical to that of mitochondrial nAChRs. They are exposed on the outer nuclear membrane and are found in combination with lamin B1. The nuclear α7 nAChRs are up-regulated in liver within 1 h after partial hepatectomy and in H2O2-treated U373 cells. As shown both in silico and experimentally, the α7 nAChR interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α and this interaction is impaired by α7-selective agonists PNU282987 and choline or type 2 positive allosteric modulator PNU120596, which prevent HIF-1α accumulation in the nuclei. Similarly, HIF-1α interacts with mitochondrial α7 nAChRs in U373 cells treated with dimethyloxalylglycine. It is concluded that functional α7 nAChRs influence HIF-1α translocation into the nucleus and mitochondria upon hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kalashnyk
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Maria Obolenskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo str., 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr Chernyshov
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Serhiy Komisarenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Skok M, Deryabina O, Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Uspenska K, Shuvalova N, Pokholenko I, Lushnikova I, Smozhanyk K, Skibo G, Kordyum V. Mesenchymal stem cell application for treatment of neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Regen Med 2022; 17:533-546. [PMID: 35638401 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present research has been undertaken to study the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of neuroinflammation-induced cognitive disorders. Methods: Either umbilical cord or adipose MSCs were injected into mice treated with lipopolysaccharide. The mice were studied in behavioral tests, and their brains were examined by means of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and sandwich ELISA. Results: MSCs, introduced either intravenously or intraperitoneally, restored episodic memory of mice disturbed by inflammation, normalized nAChR and Aβ1-42 levels and stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the brain. The effect of MSCs was observed for months, whereas that of MSC-conditioned medium was transient and stimulated an immune reaction. SDF-1α potentiated the effects of MSCs on the brain and memory. Conclusion: MSCs of different origins provide a long-term therapeutic effect in the treatment of neuroinflammation-induced episodic memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Olena Deryabina
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kalashnyk
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Shuvalova
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Ianina Pokholenko
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Lushnikova
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Smozhanyk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Kordyum
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Koval L, Krynina O, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Immunization with 674-685 fragment of SARS-Cov-2 spike protein induces neuroinflammation and impairs episodic memory of mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:57-63. [PMID: 35843095 PMCID: PMC9263688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is accompanied by strong inflammatory reaction and is often followed by long-term cognitive disorders. The fragment 674-685 of SARS-Cov-2 spike protein was shown to interact with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor involved in regulating both inflammatory reactions and cognitive functions. Here we show that mice immunized with the peptide corresponding to 674-685 fragment of SARS-Cov-2 spike protein conjugated to hemocyanin (KLH-674-685) demonstrate decreased level of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, increased levels of IL-1β and TNFα in the brain and impairment of episodic memory. Choline injections prevented α7 nicotinic receptor decline and memory loss. Mice injected with immunoglobulins obtained from the blood of (KLH-674-685)-immunized mice also demonstrated episodic memory decline. These data allow suggesting that post-COVID memory impairment in humans is related to SARS-Cov-2 spike protein-specific immune reaction. The mechanisms of such effect are being discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Olena Kalashnyk
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Olga Krynina
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Serhiy Komisarenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skok M. Universal nature of cholinergic regulation demonstrated with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100061. [PMID: 37082580 PMCID: PMC10074969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were initially discovered as ligand-gated ion channels mediating fast synaptic transmission in the neuro-muscular junctions and autonomic ganglia. They were further found to be involved in a wide range of basic biological processes within the brain and in non-excitable tissues. The present review summarizes the data obtained in our laboratory during last two decades. Investigation of autonomic ganglia with the nAChR subunit-specific antibodies was followed by identification of nAChRs in B lymphocytes, discovery of mitochondrial nAChRs and their role in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and revealing the role of α7 nAChRs and α7-specific antibodies in neuroinflammation-related Alzheimer disease and COVID-19. The data obtained demonstrate the involvement of nAChRs in cell survival, proliferation, cell-to-cell communication and inflammatory reaction. Together with the ability of nAChRs to function in both ionotropic and metabotropic way, these data illustrate the universal nature of cholinergic regulation mediated by nAChRs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Interactions with Gut Microbiota. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031189. [PMID: 33572734 PMCID: PMC7908252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis describes a complex interplay between the central nervous system and organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Sensory neurons of dorsal root and nodose ganglia, neurons of the autonomic nervous system, and immune cells collect and relay information about the status of the gut to the brain. A critical component in this bi-directional communication system is the vagus nerve which is essential for coordinating the immune system’s response to the activities of commensal bacteria in the gut and to pathogenic strains and their toxins. Local control of gut function is provided by networks of neurons in the enteric nervous system also called the ‘gut-brain’. One element common to all of these gut-brain systems is the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These ligand-gated ion channels serve myriad roles in the gut-brain axis including mediating fast synaptic transmission between autonomic pre- and postganglionic neurons, modulation of neurotransmitter release from peripheral sensory and enteric neurons, and modulation of cytokine release from immune cells. Here we review the role of nicotinic receptors in the gut-brain axis with a focus on the interplay of these receptors with the gut microbiome and their involvement in dysregulation of gut function and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Trikash I, Kasatkina L, Lykhmus O, Skok M. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate clustering, fusion and acidification of the rat brain synaptic vesicles. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104779. [PMID: 32474177 PMCID: PMC7256623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in pre-synaptic nerve terminals regulate neurotransmitter release. However, there is no evidence for the expression of nAChRs in synaptic vesicles, which deliver neurotransmitter to synaptic cleft. The aim of this paper was to investigate the presence of nAChRs in synaptic vesicles purified from the rat brain and to study their possible involvement in vesicles life cycle. According to dynamic light scattering analysis, the antibody against extracellular domain (1-208) of α7 nAChR subunit inhibited synaptic vesicles clustering. Sandwich ELISA with nAChR subunit-specific antibodies demonstrated the presence of α4β2, α7 and α7β2nAChR subtypes in synaptic vesicles and showed that α7 and β2 nAChR subunits are co-localized with synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). Pre-incubation with either α7-selective agonist PNU282987 or nicotine did not affect synaptic vesicles clustering but delayed their Ca2+-dependent fusion with the plasma membranes. In contrast, nicotine but not PNU282987 stimulated acidification of isolated synaptic vesicles, indicating that α4β2 but not α7-containing nAChRs are involved in regulation of proton influx and neurotransmitter refilling. Treatment of rats with levetiracetam, a specific modulator of SV2A, increased the content of α7 nAChRs in synaptic vesicles accompanied by increased clustering but decreased Ca2+-dependent fusion. These data for the first time demonstrate the presence of nAChRs in synaptic vesicles and suggest an active involvement of cholinergic regulation in neurotransmitter release. Synaptic vesicles may be an additional target of nicotine inhaled upon smoking and of α7-specific drugs widely discussed as anti-inflammatory and pro-cognitive tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Trikash
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tarasenko O, Voytenko S, Koval L, Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Skok M. Unusual properties of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels in B lymphocyte-derived SP-2/0 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106373. [PMID: 32163855 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the presence of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in B lymphocyte-derived SP-2/0 cells by means of flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. According to lectin and sandwich ELISA, the α7 subunits expressed in SP-2/0 cells are more glycosylated compared to those expressed in the brain or normal B lymphocytes and are combined with β2 subunits. At zero and negative pipette potentials, either acetylcholine or α7-specific agonist PNU282987 stimulated the ion channel activity in SP-2/0 cells revealed by single channel patch-clamp recordings. The conductivity was within the range of 19 to 39 pS and reversal potential was between -17 mV and +28 mV, the currents were potentiated by α7-specific positive allosteric modulator PNU120596 and were partially blocked by α7-specific antagonist methyllicaconitine (MLA). However, they were oriented downwards suggesting that the channels mediated the cation outflux rather than influx. As shown by Ca2+ imaging studies, PNU282987 did not stimulate immediate Ca2+ influx into SP-2/0 cells. Instead, Ca2+ influx through Ca-release-activated channels (CRACs) was observed within minutes after either PNU282987 or MLA application. It is concluded that SP-2/0 express α7β2 nAChRs, which mediate the cation outflux under negative pipette potentials applied, possibly, due to depolarized membrane or negative surface charge formed by carbohydrate residues. In addition, α7β2 nAChRs may influence CRACs in ion-independent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergiy Voytenko
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 4, Bogomoletz Str, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kalashnyk
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Uspenska K, Horid’ko T, Kosyakova H, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Different Effects of Nicotine and N-Stearoyl-ethanolamine on Episodic Memory and Brain Mitochondria of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Knockout Mice. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020226. [PMID: 32028688 PMCID: PMC7072576 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of α7 subtype (α7 nAChRs) are involved in regulating neuroinflammation and cognitive functions. Correspondingly, α7-/- mice demonstrate pro-inflammatory phenotype and impaired episodic memory. In addition, nAChRs expressed in mitochondria regulate the release of pro-apoptotic factors like cytochrome c. Here we studied whether the cognitive deficiency of α7-/- mice can be cured by oral consumption of either nicotine or N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE), a lipid possessing anti-inflammatory, cannabimimetic and membrane-stabilizing activity. Mice were examined in Novel Object Recognition behavioral test, their blood, brains and brain mitochondria were tested for the levels of interleukin-6, various nAChR subtypes and cytochrome c released by ELISA. The data presented demonstrate that both substances stimulated the raise of interleukin-6 in the blood and improved episodic memory of α7-/- mice. However, NSE improved, while nicotine worsened the brain mitochondria sustainability to apoptogenic stimuli, as shown by either decreased or increased amounts of cytochrome c released. Both nicotine and NSE up-regulated α4β2 nAChRs in the brain; NSE up-regulated, while nicotine down-regulated α9-containing nAChRs in the brain mitochondria. It is concluded that the level of alternative nAChR subtypes in the brain is critically important for memory and mitochondria sustainability in the absence of α7 nAChRs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Uspenska K, Skok M. Positive Allosteric Modulation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Transiently Improves Memory but Aggravates Inflammation in LPS-Treated Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:359. [PMID: 31998114 PMCID: PMC6966166 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation accompanies or even precedes the development of cognitive changes in many brain pathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, dampening inflammatory reactions within the brain is a promising strategy for supporting cognitive functions in elderly people and for preventing the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits (α7 nAChRs) are involved in regulating cell survival, inflammation, and memory. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency of α7-specific therapy at different stages of inflammation and to compare the effects of orthosteric agonist PNU282987 and type 2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) PNU120596 in mice after a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The data presented demonstrate that PNU282987 protected mice from LPS-induced impairment of episodic memory by decreasing IL-6 levels in the blood, stabilizing the brain mitochondria and up-regulating the brain α7-, α3-, and α4-containing nAChRs. Such treatment was efficient when given simultaneously with LPS or a week after LPS injection and was not efficient if LPS had been injected 2 months before. PNU120596 also decreased IL-6, stabilized mitochondria and up-regulated the brain nAChRs. However, its memory-improving effect was transient and disappeared after the end of the injection cycle. Moreover, cessation of PNU120596 treatment resulted in a sharp increase in IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the blood. It is concluded that activating α7 nAChRs protects the mouse brain from the pathogenic effect of LPS in the early stages of inflammation but is not efficient when irreversible changes have already occurred. The use of a PAM does not improve the effect of the agonist, possibly potentiates the effect of endogenous agonists, and results in undesirable effects after treatment cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kalashnyk
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Koval L, Voytenko L, Uspenska K, Komisarenko S, Deryabina O, Shuvalova N, Kordium V, Ustymenko A, Kyryk V, Skok M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells or Interleukin-6 Improve Episodic Memory of Mice Lacking α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Neuroscience 2019; 413:31-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Lykhmus O, Koval L, Voytenko L, Uspenska K, Komisarenko S, Deryabina O, Shuvalova N, Kordium V, Ustymenko A, Kyryk V, Skok M. Intravenously Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Penetrate the Brain and Treat Inflammation-Induced Brain Damage and Memory Impairment in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 31057400 PMCID: PMC6479176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is regarded as one of the pathogenic factors of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previously, we showed that mice regularly injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) possessed the AD-like symptoms like episodic memory decline, elevated amounts of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide (1-42), and decreased levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into multiple cell types, including neurons, is an attractive idea of regenerative medicine, in particular, for neurodegenerative disorders like AD. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether pathogenic effect of LPS on the brain and behavior of mice can be prevented or treated by injection of MSCs or MSC-produced soluble factors. Fluorescently-labeled MSCs, injected intravenously, were found in the brain blood vessels of LPS-treated mice. Mice co-injected with LPS and MSCs did not demonstrate episodic memory impairment, Aβ (1-42) accumulation, and nAChR decrease in the brain and brain mitochondria. Their mitochondria released less cytochrome c under the effect of Ca2+ compared to mitochondria of LPS-only-treated mice. Moreover, MSCs could reverse the pathogenic symptoms developed 3 weeks after LPS injection. Cultured MSCs produced IL-6 in response to LPS and MSCs effect in vivo was accompanied by additional stimulation of both micro- and macroglia. Xenogeneic (human) MSCs were almost as efficient as allogeneic (mouse) ones and regular injections of human MSC-conditioned medium also produced positive effect. These data allow suggesting MSCs as a potential therapeutic tool to cure neuroinflammation-related cognitive pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Voytenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy Komisarenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Deryabina
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Shuvalova
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Kordium
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Ustymenko
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Kyryk
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uspenska K, Lykhmus O, Obolenskaya M, Pons S, Maskos U, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Mitochondrial Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Support Liver Cells Viability After Partial Hepatectomy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:626. [PMID: 29950998 PMCID: PMC6008424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed on the cell plasma membrane are ligand-gated ion channels mediating fast synaptic transmission, regulating neurotransmitter and cytokine release and supporting the viability of many cell types. The nAChRs expressed in mitochondria regulate the release of pro-apoptotic factors, like cytochrome c, in ion channel-independent manner. Here we show that α3β2, α7β2, and α9α10 nAChR subtypes are up-regulated in rat liver mitochondria 3–6 h after partial hepatectomy resulting in increased sustainability of mitochondria to apoptogenic effects of Ca2+ and H2O2. In contrast, laparotomy resulted in down-regulation of all nAChR subunits, except α9, and decreased mitochondria sustainability to apoptogenic effects of Ca2+ and H2O2. Experiments performed in liver mitochondria from α3+/-, α7-/-, β4-/-, α7β2-/-, or wild-type C57Bl/6J mice demonstrated that the decrease of α3 or absence of α7 or α7/β2 subunits in mitochondria is compensated with β4 and α9 subunits, which could be found in α3β4, α4β4, α9β4, and α9α10 combinations. Mitochondria from knockout mice maintained their sustainability to Ca2+ but were differently regulated by nAChR subtype-specific ligands: PNU-282987, methyllycaconitine, dihydro-β-erythroidine, α-conotoxin MII, and α-conotoxin PeIA. It is concluded that mitochondrial nAChRs play an important role in supporting the viability of hepatic cells and, therefore, may be a pharmacological target for pro-survival therapy. The concerted action of multiple nAChR subtypes controlling either CaKMII- or Src-dependent signaling pathways in mitochondria ensures a reliable protection against apoptogenic factors of different nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Uspenska
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Olena Lykhmus
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Maria Obolenskaya
- System Biology Group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Stephanie Pons
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Serhiy Komisarenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uspenska K, Lykhmus O, Arias HR, Pons S, Maskos U, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Positive allosteric modulators of α7* or β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors trigger different kinase pathways in mitochondria. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:226-235. [PMID: 29704624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the early stage of mitochondria-driven apoptosis, including cytochrome c release. Mitochondrial nAChR signaling is mainly mediated by intra-mitochondrial kinases, in an ion-independent manner. To determine the relationship between specific nAChR subtypes and mitochondrial kinases, the effects of a set of nAChR subtype-selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) on cytochrome c release from mouse liver mitochondria stimulated by 0.9 μM Ca2+, 0.5 mM H2O2 or 1.0 μM wortmanin is studied. The results indicate that Ca2+-stimulated cytochrome c release from wild-type, but not α7-/-, mice mitochondria is attenuated by the potent agonist PNU-282987 or type II PAMs (PNU-120596, 4BP-TQS, and PAM-2-4), but not by NS-1738, a type I PAM. In contrast, wortmannin-stimulated cytochrome c release from wild-type and, to a lesser extent, α7-/- mice mitochondria is efficiently attenuated by the β2-selective PAM desformylfrustrabromine. In conclusion, the ligand-evoked α7* nAChR conformational changes required to induce intra-mitochondrial signaling can be triggered through orthosteric (agonists) and transmembrane (type II PAMs) sites, but not by the interaction with type I PAMs. The α7 and β2 nAChR subunits are responsible for the engagement of distinct kinase pathways, supporting the concept that multiple heteromeric nAChR subtypes ensure mitochondria resistance to various exogenous and endogenous apoptogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Uspenska
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hugo R Arias
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz, 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stephanie Pons
- Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Serghiy Komisarenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arias HR, Lykhmus O, Uspenska K, Skok M. Coronaridine congeners modulate mitochondrial α3β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with different potency and through distinct intra-mitochondrial pathways. Neurochem Int 2017; 114:26-32. [PMID: 29277577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to plasma membrane-expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), mitochondrial nAChRs function in an ion-independent manner by triggering intra-mitochondrial kinases that regulate the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), an important step in cellular apoptosis. The aim of this study is to determine the structural requirements for mitochondrial α3β4* nAChR activation by measuring the modulatory effects of two noncompetitive antagonists of these receptors, (+)-catharanthine and (±)-18-methoxycoronaridine [(±)-18-MC], on Cyt c release from wild-type and α7-/- mice mitochondria. The sandwich ELISA results indicated that α3β4* nAChRs are present in liver mitochondria in higher amounts compared to that in brain mitochondria and that these receptors are up-regulated in α7-/- mice. Correspondingly, (±)-18-MC decreased Cyt c release from liver mitochondria of wild-type mice and from brain and liver mitochondria of α7-/- mice. The effect in wild-type mice mitochondria was mediated mainly by the Src-dependent pathway, regulating the apoptogenic activity of reactive oxygen species, while in α7-/- mice mitochondria, (±)-18-MC strongly affected the calcium-calmodulin kinase II-dependent pathway. In contrast, (+)-catharanthine was much less potent than (±)-18-MC and triggered several signaling pathways, suggesting the involvement of multiple nAChR subtypes. These results show for the first time that noncompetitive antagonists can induce mitochondrial α3β4* nAChR signaling, giving a more comprehensive understanding on the function of intracellular nAChR subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Arias
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
| | - Olena Lykhmus
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lykhmus O, Voytenko LP, Lips KS, Bergen I, Krasteva-Christ G, Vetter DE, Kummer W, Skok M. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α9 and α10 Subunits Are Expressed in the Brain of Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:282. [PMID: 28955208 PMCID: PMC5601054 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The α9 and α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits are likely to be the evolutionary precursors to the entire cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels, which includes acetylcholine, GABA, glycine and serotonin ionotropic receptors. nAChRs containing α9 and α10 subunits are found in the inner ear, dorsal root ganglia and many non-excitable tissues, but their expression in the central nervous system has not been definitely demonstrated. Here we show the presence of both α9 and α10 nAChR subunits in the mouse brain by RT-PCR and immunochemical approaches with a range of nAChR subunit-selective antibodies, which selectivity was demonstrated in the brain preparations of α7−/−, α9−/− and α10−/− mice. The α9 and α10 RNA transcripts were found in medulla oblongata (MO), cerebellum, midbrain (MB), thalamus and putamen (TP), somatosensory cortex (SC), frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus. High α9-selective signal in ELISA was observed in the FC, SC, MO, TP and hippocampus and α10-selective signal was the highest in MO and FC. The α9 and α10 proteins were found in the brain mitochondria, while their presence on the plasma membrane has not been definitely confirmed The α7-, α9- and α10-selective antibodies stained mainly neurons and hypertrophied astrocytes, but not microglia. The α9- and α10-positive cells formed ordered structures or zones in cerebellum and superior olive (SO) and were randomly distributed among α7-positive cells in the FC; they were found in CA1, CA3 and CA4, but not in CA2 region of the hippocampus. The α9 and α10 subunits were up-regulated in α7−/− mice and both α7 and α9 subunits were down-regulated in α10−/− mice. We conclude that α9 and α10 nAChR subunits are expressed in distinct neurons of the mouse brain and in the brain mitochondria and are compensatory up-regulated in the absence of α7 subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry (NAS Ukraine)Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Larysa P Voytenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry (NAS Ukraine)Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Katrin S Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University GiessenGiessen, Germany
| | - Ivonne Bergen
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University GiessenGiessen, Germany
| | | | - Douglas E Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, MS, United States
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University GiessenGiessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Giessen, Germany
| | - Maryna Skok
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry (NAS Ukraine)Kiev, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uspenska K, Lykhmus O, Gergalova G, Chernyshov V, Arias HR, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Nicotine facilitates nicotinic acetylcholine receptor targeting to mitochondria but makes them less susceptible to selective ligands. Neurosci Lett 2017; 656:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
17
|
Lykhmus O, Mishra N, Koval L, Kalashnyk O, Gergalova G, Uspenska K, Komisarenko S, Soreq H, Skok M. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating LPS-Induced Inflammation in the Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:19. [PMID: 27013966 PMCID: PMC4781876 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation, one of the pathogenic causes of neurodegenerative diseases, is regulated through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). We previously showed that either bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or immunization with the α7(1-208) nAChR fragment decrease α7 nAChRs density in the mouse brain, exacerbating chronic inflammation, beta-amyloid accumulation and episodic memory decline, which mimic the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the LPS and antibody effects in the brain, we employed an in vivo model of acute LPS-induced inflammation and an in vitro model of cultured glioblastoma U373 cells. Here, we report that LPS challenge decreased the levels of α7 nAChR RNA and protein and of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) RNA and activity in distinct mouse brain regions, sensitized brain mitochondria to the apoptogenic effect of Ca(2+) and modified brain microRNA profiles, including the cholinergic-regulatory CholinomiRs-132/212, in favor of anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic ones. Adding α7(1-208)-specific antibodies to the LPS challenge prevented elevation of both the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic miRNAs while supporting the resistance of brain mitochondria to Ca(2+) and maintaining α7 nAChR/AChE decreases. In U373 cells, α7-specific antibodies and LPS both stimulated interleukin-6 production through the p38/Src-dependent pathway. Our findings demonstrate that acute LPS-induced inflammation induces the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the brain, that α7 nAChR down-regulation limits this pathway, and that α7-specific antibodies aggravate neuroinflammation by inducing the pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 and dampening anti-inflammatory miRNAs; however, these antibodies may protect brain mitochondria and decrease the levels of pro-apoptotic miRNAs, preventing LPS-induced neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nibha Mishra
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kalashnyk
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Gergalova
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serghiy Komisarenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Maryna Skok
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lykhmus O, Voytenko L, Koval L, Mykhalskiy S, Kholin V, Peschana K, Zouridakis M, Tzartos S, Komisarenko S, Skok M. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-specific antibody induces inflammation and amyloid β42 accumulation in the mouse brain to impair memory. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122706. [PMID: 25816313 PMCID: PMC4376778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in the brain are involved in regulating cognitive functions, as well as inflammatory reactions. Their density is decreased upon Alzheimer disease accompanied by accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ42), memory deficit and neuroinflammation. Previously we found that α7 nAChR-specific antibody induced pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 production in U373 glioblastoma cells and that such antibodies were present in the blood of humans. We raised a hypothesis that α7 nAChR-specific antibody can cause neuroinflammation when penetrating the brain. To test this, C57Bl/6 mice were either immunized with extracellular domain of α7 nAChR subunit α7(1-208) or injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 5 months. We studied their behavior and the presence of α3, α4, α7, β2 and β4 nAChR subunits, Aβ40 and Aβ42 and activated astrocytes in the brain by sandwich ELISA and confocal microscopy. It was found that either LPS injections or immunizations with α7(1-208) resulted in region-specific decrease of α7 and α4β2 and increase of α3β4 nAChRs, accumulation of Aβ42 and activated astrocytes in the brain of mice and worsening of their episodic memory. Intravenously transferred α7 nAChR-specific-antibodies penetrated the brain parenchyma of mice pre-injected with LPS. Our data demonstrate that (1) neuroinflammation is sufficient to provoke the decrease of α7 and α4β2 nAChRs, Aβ42 accumulation and memory impairment in mice and (2) α7(1-208) nAChR-specific antibodies can cause inflammation within the brain resulting in the symptoms typical for Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lykhmus O, Gergalova G, Koval L, Zhmak M, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Mitochondria express several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes to control various pathways of apoptosis induction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:246-52. [PMID: 24880090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors control survival, proliferation and cytokine release in non-excitable cells. Previously we reported that α7 nicotinic receptors were present in the outer membranes of mouse liver mitochondria to regulate mitochondrial pore formation and cytochrome c release. Here we used a wide spectrum of nicotinic receptor subunit-specific antibodies to show that mitochondria express several nicotinic receptor subtypes in a tissue-specific manner: brain and liver mitochondria contain α7β2, α4β2 and less α3β2 nicotinic receptors, while mitochondria from the lung express preferentially α3β4 receptor subtype; all of them are non-covalently connected to voltage-dependent anion channels and control cytochrome c release. By using selective ligands of different nicotinic receptor subtypes (acetylcholine (1 μM) or dihydro-β-erythroidine (1 μM) for α4β2), conotoxin MII (1 nM) for α3β2, MLA (50 nM) for α7β2 and acetylcholine (10 μM) for all subtypes) and apoptogenic agents triggering different mitochondrial signaling pathways (1 μM wortmannin, 90 μM Ca(2+) or 0.5 mM H₂O₂) it was found that α7β2 receptors affect mainly PI₃K/Akt pathway, while α3β2 and α4β2 nAChRs also significantly influence CaKMII- and Src-dependent pathways. It is concluded that cholinergic regulation in mitochondria is realized through multiple nicotinic receptor subtypes, which control various pathways inducing mitochondrial type of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovicha str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Gergalova
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovicha str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovicha str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maxim Zhmak
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergiy Komisarenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovicha str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovicha str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Skok MV. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: specific antibodies and functions in humoral immunity. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj85.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
21
|
Intracellular localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human cell lines. Life Sci 2012; 91:1033-7. [PMID: 22365965 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previously we demonstrated that mouse liver mitochondria express functional α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nAChRs are found in mitochondria of non-neuronal human cell lines. MAIN METHODS Three cell lines: U373 (astrocytes), U937 (monocytes) and Daudi (B lymphocytes) were examined by flow cytometry, Cell ELISA and fluorescent confocal microscopy using the antibodies against extracellular epitopes of α3, α4, α7, α9, β2 and β4 nAChR subunits. KEY FINDINGS It is shown that the studied cells expressed different sets of nAChR subunits on the plasma membrane suggesting the presence of α7 nAChRs on all cells, of α3β4 nAChRs on U373 cells and of α4β2/α4β4 nAChRs on U937 cells. In addition to nAChRs exposed on the surface, all cells contained a considerable intracellular pool of α3- and α7-containing nAChRs. The binding of α3-, α7- and β4-specific antibodies partially overlapped with that of mitochondrial outer membrane translocase-specific antibody. Binding of α7-specific antibody also overlapped with that of MitoTracker Green, which binds to active mitochondria. SIGNIFICANCE The data obtained suggest that a part of intracellular α3β4 and α7 nAChRs in U373, U937 and Daudi cells is located on mitochondria. This finding complements our previous observation of α7 nAChRs in mouse liver mitochondria and reveals new intracellular targets for cholinergic regulation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lykhmus O, Koval L, Pavlovych S, Zouridakis M, Zisimopoulou P, Tzartos S, Tsetlin V, Volpina O, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Functional effects of antibodies against non-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Immunol Lett 2010; 128:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
23
|
Arredondo J, Omelchenko D, Chernyavsky AI, Qian J, Skok M, Grando SA. Functional role of the nicotinic arm of the acetylcholine regulatory axis in human B-cell lines. J Exp Pharmacol 2009; 1:1-7. [PMID: 27186084 PMCID: PMC4863279 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s7055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the inflammation-related activity of human B-cell lines. Activation of nAChRs in Daudi cells with epibatidine abolished the pansorbin-dependent upregulation of the pro-inflammatory marker Cox-2 both at the mRNA and protein levels, indicating that the nicotinergic signaling suppresses B-cell activation. While the anti-inflammatory action on B-cells was mediated predominantly through α7 nAChR, as could be judged from abolishing epibatidine effects with methyllycaconitine, both α7 and non-α7 nAChRs, such as α2-containing receptors, were involved in regulation of B-cell apoptosis. The net effect was antiapoptotic. To determine the role of nAChRs in regulating B-cell activation/plasmacytic differentiation, we measured changes in the CD38, CD138 and Bcl-6 gene expression. Epibatidine significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated CD38 at the transcriptional level and CD138 and Bcl-6 – at the translational levels. AR-R17779 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the protein levels of CD38 and CD138. In both cases, the effect of epibatidine was abolished with Mec, and that of AR-R17779 – by MLA, demonstrating a functional role of nAChRs in regulating Daudi cell differentiation. The obtained results revealed distinct contributions of α7 and non-α7 nAChRs to regulation of B-cell activation/differentiation, and suggested that signaling through the nicotinic arm of acetylcholine regulatory axis is important for B-cell involvement in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Arredondo
- Institute for Immunology and Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander I Chernyavsky
- Institute for Immunology and Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jing Qian
- Institute for Immunology and Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Sergei A Grando
- Institute for Immunology and Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Skok M, Grailhe R, Changeux JP. Nicotinic receptors regulate B lymphocyte activation and immune response. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 517:246-51. [PMID: 15963492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nicotinic receptors) composed of either alpha7 or alpha4 and beta2 subunits is revealed in B lymphocytes by means of radioligand binding assay and Cell ELISA. Mouse B lymphocytes contained 12,200+/-3200 of epibatidine-binding sites and 3130+/-750 of alpha-Bungarotoxin-binding sites per cell. Mice lacking nicotinic receptor subunits alpha4, beta2 or alpha7 had less serum IgG and IgG-producing cells in the spleen, but showed stronger immune response to both protein antigen in vivo and CD40-specific antibody in vitro than wild-type mice. Anti-CD40-stimulated proliferation of B lymphocytes from beta2 knockout, but not wild-type mice was inhibited with nicotine. Our results indicate that signalling through nicotinic receptors affects both the pre-immune state and activation of B lymphocytes in the immune response, possibly via CD40-dependent pathway. This could contribute to immune depression found in tobacco smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Skok
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovicha str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|