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Dewaker V, Srivastava PN, Verma S, Srivastava AK, Prabhakar YS. Non-bonding energy directed designing of HDAC2 inhibitors through molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13432-13455. [PMID: 34662251 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1989037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Designing an inhibitor having strong affinity in the active site pocket is the cherished goal of structure based drug designing. To achieve this, it is considerably important to predict which structural scaffold is better suited for change to increase affinity. We have explored five HDAC2 co-crystals having PDB ligand code-SHH (vorinostat), LLX, 20Y, IWX (BRD4884) and 6EZ (BRD7232). For analyzing protein-ligand interaction at an atomistic level, we have employed the NAMD molecular dynamics (MD) package. The obtained 100 ns long MD trajectories were subjected to quantitative estimations of non-bonding energies (NBEs) for inferring their interactions with the whole protein or its composite active site (CAS). In addition, relative ΔGbind was calculated to rank the inhibitors. These inhibitors' NBEs reveal that the phenyl moieties are the major structural scaffold where modifications should be attempted. We designed new compounds (NCs) via introducing hydroxyl groups at 4,5 position of the phenyl moiety of 6EZ, called NC1. Improvement in NC1 further encouraged us for CAP modification by isochromane and isoindoline moieties in place of oxabicyclooctane in NC1, resulting in NC2 and NC3. We also explored trifluoromethyl oxadiazole in 6EZ (NC4 and NC5) and SHH (NC6 and NC7). This moiety acts as a ZBG in NC4 while acting as a part of the foot-pocket in the rest. NC2 and NC6 have highest favorable NBEs among all studied ligands due increased favorable electrostatic contribution. We expect these NBEs data will provide atomistic level insights and benefit in designing new and improved HDAC2 inhibitors. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dewaker
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pratik Narain Srivastava
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Saroj Verma
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay K Srivastava
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Yenamandra S Prabhakar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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2
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de Francisco A, Sierra-Palomares Y, Felipe M, Calle D, Desco M, Cussó L. Effect of illumination level [18F]FDG-PET brain uptake in free moving mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251454. [PMID: 33984015 PMCID: PMC8118315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In both clinical and preclinical scenarios, 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is the radiotracer most widely used to study brain glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET). In clinical practice, there is a worldwide standardized protocol for preparing patients for [18F]FDG-PET studies, which specifies the room lighting. However, this standard is typically not observed in the preclinical field, although it is well known that animal handling affects the biodistribution of [18F]FDG. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ambient lighting on brain [18F]FDG uptake in mice. Two [18F]FDG-PET studies were performed on each animal, one in light and one in dark conditions. Thermal video recordings were acquired to analyse animal motor activity in both conditions. [18F]FDG-PET images were analysed with the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. The results showed that [18F]FDG uptake is higher in darkness than in light condition in mouse nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, midbrain, hindbrain, and cerebellum. The SPM analysis also showed an interaction between the illumination condition and the sex of the animal. Mouse activity was significantly different (p = 0.01) between light conditions (632 ± 215 s of movement) and dark conditions (989 ± 200 s), without significant effect of sex (p = 0.416). We concluded that room illumination conditions during [18F]FDG uptake in mice affected the brain [18F]FDG biodistribution. Therefore, we highlight the importance to control this factor to ensure more reliable and reproducible mouse brain [18F]FDG-PET results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra de Francisco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sierra-Palomares
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Felipe
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Calle
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorena Cussó
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Demyanenko SV, Dzreyan VA, Uzdensky AB. Overexpression of HDAC6, but not HDAC3 and HDAC4 in the penumbra after photothrombotic stroke in the rat cerebral cortex and the neuroprotective effects of α-phenyl tropolone, HPOB, and sodium valproate. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:151-165. [PMID: 32592806 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes play important roles in brain responses to ischemic injury. We studied effects of photothrombotic stroke (PTS, a model of ischemic stroke) on the intracellular level and cellular localization of histone deacetylases HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 in the rat brain cortex, and tested the potential neuroprotector ability of their inhibitors. The background level of HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 in the rat cerebral cortex was relatively low. HDAC3 localized in the nuclei of some neurons and few astrocytes. HDAC4 was found in the neuronal cytoplasm. After PTS, their levels in penumbra did not change, but HDAC4 appeared in the nuclei of some cells. Its level in the cytoplasmic, but not nuclear fraction of penumbra decreased at 24, but not 4 h after PTS. HDAC6 was upregulated in neurons and astrocytes in the PTS-induced penumbra, especially in the nuclear fraction. Unlike HDAC3 and HDAC4, HDAC6 co-localized with TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. Inhibitory analysis confirmed the involvement of HDAC6, but not HDAC3 and HDAC4 in neurodegeneration. HDAC6 inhibitor HPOB, HDAC2/8 inhibitor α-phenyl tropolone, and non-specific histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium valproate, but not HDAC3 inhibitor BRD3308, or HDAC4 inhibitor LMK235, decreased PTS-induced infarction volume in the mouse brain, reduced apoptosis, and recovered the motor behavior. HPOB also restored PTS-impaired acetylation of α-tubulin. α-phenyl tropolone restored acetylation of histone H4 in penumbra cells. These results suggest that histone deacetylases HDAC6 and HDAC2 are the possible molecular targets for anti-ischemic therapy, and their inhibitors α-phenyl tropolone, HBOP and sodium valproate can be considered as promising neuroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - V A Dzreyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - A B Uzdensky
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
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4
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Schmitt A, Martins-de-Souza D, Akbarian S, Cassoli JS, Ehrenreich H, Fischer A, Fonteh A, Gattaz WF, Gawlik M, Gerlach M, Grünblatt E, Halene T, Hasan A, Hashimoto K, Kim YK, Kirchner SK, Kornhuber J, Kraus TFJ, Malchow B, Nascimento JM, Rossner M, Schwarz M, Steiner J, Talib L, Thibaut F, Riederer P, Falkai P. Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Criteria for biomarkers and endophenotypes of schizophrenia, part III: Molecular mechanisms. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:330-356. [PMID: 27782767 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1224929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite progress in identifying molecular pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia, valid biomarkers are lacking for both the disease and treatment response. METHODS This comprehensive review summarises recent efforts to identify molecular mechanisms on the level of protein and gene expression and epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and micro RNA expression. Furthermore, it summarises recent findings of alterations in lipid mediators and highlights inflammatory processes. The potential that this research will identify biomarkers of schizophrenia is discussed. RESULTS Recent studies have not identified clear biomarkers for schizophrenia. Although several molecular pathways have emerged as potential candidates for future research, a complete understanding of these metabolic pathways is required to reveal better treatment modalities for this disabling condition. CONCLUSIONS Large longitudinal cohort studies are essential that pair a thorough phenotypic and clinical evaluation for example with gene expression and proteome analysis in blood at multiple time points. This approach might identify biomarkers that allow patients to be stratified according to treatment response and ideally also allow treatment response to be predicted. Improved knowledge of molecular pathways and epigenetic mechanisms, including their potential association with environmental influences, will facilitate the discovery of biomarkers that could ultimately be effective tools in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany.,b Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) , Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- b Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) , Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,c Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry , Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- d Division of Psychiatric Epigenomics, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York , USA
| | - Juliana S Cassoli
- c Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry , Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- e Clinical Neuroscience , Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Centre for Nanoscale Microscopy & Molecular Physiology of the Brain , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- f Research Group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases , German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen , Germany.,g Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Medical Centre Göttingen , Germany
| | - Alfred Fonteh
- h Neurosciences , Huntington Medical Research Institutes , Pasadena , CA , USA
| | - Wagner F Gattaz
- b Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) , Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Michael Gawlik
- i Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- j Centre for Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- i Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Würzburg , Germany.,k Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich , Switzerland.,l Neuroscience Centre Zurich , University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich , Switzerland.,m Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology , University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Tobias Halene
- d Division of Psychiatric Epigenomics, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York , USA
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Kenij Hashimoto
- n Division of Clinical Neuroscience , Chiba University Centre for Forensic Mental Health , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- o Department of Psychiatry , Korea University, College of Medicine , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Johannes Kornhuber
- p Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | | | - Berend Malchow
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Juliana M Nascimento
- c Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry , Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Moritz Rossner
- r Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology , LMU Munich , Germany.,s Research Group Gene Expression , Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Markus Schwarz
- t Institute for Laboratory Medicine, LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- u Department of Psychiatry , University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Leda Talib
- b Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) , Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Florence Thibaut
- v Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier), University of Paris-Descartes, INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Peter Riederer
- w Center of Psychic Health; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
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5
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Pipalia NH, Subramanian K, Mao S, Ralph H, Hutt DM, Scott SM, Balch WE, Maxfield FR. Histone deacetylase inhibitors correct the cholesterol storage defect in most Niemann-Pick C1 mutant cells. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:695-708. [PMID: 28193631 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to excessive storage of cholesterol and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. The large majority of NPC disease is caused by mutations in NPC1, a large polytopic membrane protein that functions in late endosomes. There are many disease-associated mutations in NPC1, and most patients are compound heterozygotes. The most common mutation, NPC1I1061T, has been shown to cause endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the NPC1 protein. Treatment of patient-derived NPC1I1061T fibroblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) vorinostat or panobinostat increases expression of the mutant NPC1 protein and leads to correction of the cholesterol storage. Here, we show that several other human NPC1 mutant fibroblast cell lines can also be corrected by vorinostat or panobinostat and that treatment with vorinostat extends the lifetime of the NPC1I1061T protein. To test effects of HDACi on a large number of NPC1 mutants, we engineered a U2OS cell line to suppress NPC1 expression by shRNA and then transiently transfected these cells with 60 different NPC1 mutant constructs. The mutant NPC1 did not significantly reduce cholesterol accumulation, but approximately 85% of the mutants showed reduced cholesterol accumulation when treated with vorinostat or panobinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Pipalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Kanagaraj Subramanian
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Shu Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Harold Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Darren M Hutt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Samantha M Scott
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - William E Balch
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037.
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology,.
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6
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Maxfield FR, Iaea DB, Pipalia NH. Role of STARD4 and NPC1 in intracellular sterol transport. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:499-506. [PMID: 27421092 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the biophysical properties of membranes in mammalian cells, and the concentration of cholesterol in membranes is tightly regulated. Cholesterol moves among membrane organelles by a combination of vesicular and nonvesicular transport pathways, but the details of these transport pathways are not well understood. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms for nonvesicular sterol transport with an emphasis on the role of STARD4, a small, soluble, cytoplasmic sterol transport protein. STARD4 can rapidly equilibrate sterol between membranes, especially membranes with anionic lipid headgroups. We also discuss the sterol transport in late endosomes and lysosomes, which is mediated by a soluble protein, NPC2, and a membrane protein, NPC1. Homozygous mutations in these proteins lead to a lysosomal lipid storage disorder, Niemann-Pick disease type C. Many of the disease-causing mutations in NPC1 are associated with degradation of the mutant NPC1 proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Several histone deacetylase inhibitors have been found to rescue the premature degradation of the mutant NPC1 proteins, and one of these is now in a small clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David B Iaea
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nina H Pipalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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7
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that lacks a unifying neuropathology, while currently available pharmacological treatments provide only limited benefits to many patients. This review will discuss how the field of neuroepigenetics could contribute to advancements of the existing knowledge on the neurobiology and treatment of psychosis. Genome-scale mapping of DMA methylation, histone modifications and variants, and chromosomal loopings for promoter-enhancer interactions and other epigenetic determinants of genome organization and function are likely to provide important clues about mechanisms contributing to dysregulated expression of synaptic and metabolic genes in schizophrenia brain, including the potential links to the underlying genetic risk architecture and environmental exposures. In addition, studies in animal models are providing a rapidly increasing list of chromatin-regulatory mechanisms with significant effects on cognition and complex behaviors, thereby pointing to the therapeutic potential of epigenetic drug targets in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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8
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Satterlee JS, Beckel-Mitchener A, Little R, Procaccini D, Rutter JL, Lossie AC. Neuroepigenomics: Resources, Obstacles, and Opportunities. NEUROEPIGENETICS 2015; 1:2-13. [PMID: 25722961 PMCID: PMC4337407 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepig.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived post-mitotic cells, such as the majority of human neurons, must respond effectively to ongoing changes in neuronal stimulation or microenvironmental cues through transcriptional and epigenomic regulation of gene expression. The role of epigenomic regulation in neuronal function is of fundamental interest to the neuroscience community, as these types of studies have transformed our understanding of gene regulation in post-mitotic cells. This perspective article highlights many of the resources available to researchers interested in neuroepigenomic investigations and discusses some of the current obstacles and opportunities in neuroepigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Satterlee
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Division of Basic Neurobiology and Behavioral Research, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Andrea Beckel-Mitchener
- National Institute on Mental Health (NIMH), Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science, 6001 Executive Boulevard Bethesda, MD 20892-9641, USA
| | - Roger Little
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Division of Basic Neurobiology and Behavioral Research, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dena Procaccini
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Division of Basic Neurobiology and Behavioral Research, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Joni L. Rutter
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Division of Basic Neurobiology and Behavioral Research, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Amy C. Lossie
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director/National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Satterlee JS, Beckel-Mitchener A, McAllister K, Procaccini DC, Rutter JL, Tyson FL, Chadwick LH. Community resources and technologies developed through the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Program. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:27-49. [PMID: 25421653 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes resources and technologies generated by the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Program that may be useful to epigenomics researchers investigating a variety of diseases including cancer. Highlights include reference epigenome maps for a wide variety of human cells and tissues, the development of new technologies for epigenetic assays and imaging, the identification of novel epigenetic modifications, and an improved understanding of the role of epigenetic processes in a diversity of human diseases. We also discuss future needs in this area including exploration of epigenomic variation between individuals, single-cell epigenomics, environmental epigenomics, exploration of the use of surrogate tissues, and improved technologies for epigenome manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Satterlee
- Division of Basic Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, NIH, MSC 9555, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9555, USA,
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10
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Schroeder FA, Wang C, Van de Bittner GC, Neelamegam R, Takakura WR, Karunakaran A, Wey HY, Reis SA, Gale J, Zhang YL, Holson EB, Haggarty SJ, Hooker JM. PET imaging demonstrates histone deacetylase target engagement and clarifies brain penetrance of known and novel small molecule inhibitors in rat. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1055-62. [PMID: 25188794 PMCID: PMC4198064 DOI: 10.1021/cn500162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes
have been demonstrated as critical
components in maintaining chromatin homeostasis, CNS development,
and normal brain function. Evidence in mouse models links HDAC expression
to learning, memory, and mood-related behaviors; small molecule HDAC
inhibitor tool compounds have been used to demonstrate the importance
of specific HDAC subtypes in modulating CNS-disease-related behaviors
in rodents. So far, no direct evidence exists to understand the quantitative
changes in HDAC target engagement that are necessary to alter biochemistry
and behavior in a living animal. Understanding the relationship between
target engagement and in vivo effect is essential
in refining new ways to alleviate disease. We describe here, using
positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of rat brain, the in vivo target engagement of a subset of class I/IIb HDAC
enzymes implicated in CNS-disease (HDAC subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 6).
We found marked differences in the brain penetrance of tool compounds
from the hydroxamate and benzamide HDAC inhibitor classes and resolved
a novel, highly brain penetrant benzamide, CN147, chronic treatment
with which resulted in an antidepressant-like effect in a rat behavioral
test. Our work highlights a new translational path for understanding
the molecular and behavioral consequences of HDAC target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. A. Schroeder
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry,
Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185
Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - C. Wang
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - G. C. Van de Bittner
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - R. Neelamegam
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - W. R. Takakura
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - A. Karunakaran
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - H. Y. Wey
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - S. A. Reis
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry,
Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185
Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - J. Gale
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7
Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Y. L. Zhang
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7
Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - E. B. Holson
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7
Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - S. J. Haggarty
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry,
Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185
Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - J. M. Hooker
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Wang C, Eessalu TE, Barth VN, Mitch CH, Wagner FF, Hong Y, Neelamegam R, Schroeder FA, Holson EB, Haggarty SJ, Hooker JM. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of hydroxamic acid-based molecular probes for in vivo imaging of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in brain. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 4:29-38. [PMID: 24380043 PMCID: PMC3867727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxamic acid-based histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are a class of molecules with therapeutic potential currently reflected in the use of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Vorinostat) to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). HDACis may have utility beyond cancer therapy, as preclinical studies have ascribed HDAC inhibition as beneficial in areas such as heart disease, diabetes, depression, neurodegeneration, and other disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). However, little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PK) of hydroxamates, particularly with respect to CNS-penetration, distribution, and retention. To explore the rodent and non-human primate (NHP) brain permeability of hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors using positron emission tomography (PET), we modified the structures of belinostat (PXD101) and panobinostat (LBH-589) to incorporate carbon-11. We also labeled PCI 34051 through carbon isotope substitution. After characterizing the in vitro affinity and efficacy of these compounds across nine recombinant HDAC isoforms spanning Class I and Class II family members, we determined the brain uptake of each inhibitor. Each labeled compound has low uptake in brain tissue when administered intravenously to rodents and NHPs. In rodent studies, we observed that brain accumulation of the radiotracers were unaffected by the pre-administration of unlabeled inhibitors. Knowing that CNS-penetration may be desirable for both imaging applications and therapy, we explored whether a liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method to predict brain penetrance would be an appropriate method to pre-screen compounds (hydroxamic acid-based HDACi) prior to PET radiolabeling. LC-MS-MS data were indeed useful in identifying additional lead molecules to explore as PET imaging agents to visualize HDAC enzymes in vivo. However, HDACi brain penetrance predicted by LC-MS-MS did not strongly correlate with PET imaging results. This underscores the importance of in vivo PET imaging tools in characterizing putative CNS drug lead compounds and the continued need to discover effect PET tracers for neuroepigenetic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | | | - Florence F Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yijia Hong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ramesh Neelamegam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Frederick A Schroeder
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Edward B Holson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Helquist P, Maxfield FR, Wiech NL, Wiest O. Treatment of Niemann--pick type C disease by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:688-97. [PMID: 24048860 PMCID: PMC3805865 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a devastating, recessive, inherited disorder that causes accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. Mutations in 2 genes, NPC1 and NPC2, are responsible for the disease, which affects about 1 in 120,000 live births. About 95% of patients have mutations in NPC1, a large polytopic membrane protein that is normally found in late endosomes. More than 200 missense mutations in NPC1 have been found in NPC patients. The disease is progressive, typically leading to death before the age of 20 years, although some affected individuals live well into adulthood. The disease affects peripheral organs, including the liver, spleen, and lungs, but the most severe symptoms are associated with neurological disease. There are some palliative treatments that slow progression of NPC disease. Recently, it was found that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that are effective against HDACs 1, 2, and 3 can reduce the cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts derived from NPC patients with mutations in NPC1. One example is vorinostat. As vorinostat is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, this opens up the possibility that HDAC inhibitors could be repurposed for treatment of this rare disease. The mechanism of action of the HDAC inhibitors requires further study, but these drugs increase the level of the NPC1 protein. This may be due to post-translational stabilization of the NPC1 protein, allowing it to be transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Helquist
- />Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 5670 USA
| | | | | | - Olaf Wiest
- />Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 5670 USA
- />Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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