1
|
He D, Zeng L, Chen P. Research progress in pharmacological effects of Aralia elata. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:616-626. [PMID: 37916310 PMCID: PMC10630058 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem., also known as Aralia mandshurica, has the effect of "tonifying Qi and calming the mind, strengthening the essence and tonifying the kidneys, and dispelling wind and invigorating blood circulation". It is used in the treatment of neurasthenia, Yang deficiency and Qi deficiency, kidney Qi deficiency, spleen Yang deficiency, water-dampness stagnation, thirst, and bruises. Aralia elata saponins are the main components for the pharmacological effects. From the perspective of modern pharmacological science, Aralia elata has a wide range of effects, including anti-myocardial ischaemia and alleviation of secondary myocardium ischemic reperfusion injury by regulating ionic homeostasis, anti-tumor activity by inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and enhancing immunity, hypoglycemia and lipid lowering effects by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and hepato-protective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory/analgesic effects. The studies on pharmacological mechanisms of Aralia elata will be conducive to its development and application in the future. This article reviews the research progress of Aralia elata domestically and internationally in the last two decades and proposes new directions for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahong He
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Linghui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chu Y, Jia S, Xu K, Liu Q, Mai L, Liu J, Fan W, Huang F. Single-cell transcriptomic profile of satellite glial cells in trigeminal ganglion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1117065. [PMID: 36818656 PMCID: PMC9932514 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) play an important role in regulating the function of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Multiple mediators are involved in the bidirectional communication between SGCs and neurons in different physiological and pathological states. However, molecular insights into the transcript characteristics of SGCs are limited. Moreover, little is known about the heterogeneity of SGCs in TG, and a more in-depth understanding of the interactions between SGCs and neuron subtypes is needed. Here we show the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profile of SGCs in TG under physiological conditions. Our results demonstrate TG includes nine types of cell clusters, such as neurons, SGCs, myeloid Schwann cells (mSCs), non-myeloid Schwann cells (nmSCs), immune cells, etc., and the corresponding markers are also presented. We reveal the signature gene expression of SGCs, mSCs and nmSCs in the TG, and analyze the ligand-receptor pairs between neuron subtypes and SGCs in the TG. In the heterogeneity analysis of SGCs, four SGCs subtypes are identified, including subtypes enriched for genes associated with extracellular matrix organization, immediate early genes, interferon beta, and cell adhesion molecules, respectively. Our data suggest the molecular characteristics, heterogeneity of SGCs, and bidirectional interactions between SGCs and neurons, providing a valuable resource for studying SGCs in the TG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenguo Fan, ; Fang Huang,
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenguo Fan, ; Fang Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klimovich P, Rubina K, Sysoeva V, Semina E. New Frontiers in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Concerns and Remedies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13380. [PMID: 34948176 PMCID: PMC8703705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical advances in studying molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for regeneration in the peripheral nervous system have highlighted the ability of the nervous system to repair itself. Still, serious injuries represent a challenge for the morphological and functional regeneration of peripheral nerves, calling for new treatment strategies that maximize nerve regeneration and recovery. This review presents the canonical view of the basic mechanisms of nerve regeneration and novel data on the role of exosomes and their transferred microRNAs in intracellular communication, regulation of axonal growth, Schwann cell migration and proliferation, and stromal cell functioning. An integrated comprehensive understanding of the current mechanistic underpinnings will open the venue for developing new clinical strategies to ensure full regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Klimovich
- National Cardiology Research Center Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Kseniya Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Veronika Sysoeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Semina
- National Cardiology Research Center Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Ozone on Hippocampus BDNF and Fos Expressions in Rats with Chronic Compression of Dorsal Root Ganglia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5572915. [PMID: 34869766 PMCID: PMC8642004 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5572915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ozone on hippocampal expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-fos protein (Fos) were evaluated in rats with chronic compression of dorsal root ganglia (CCD). Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups (n = 12): sham operation (sham group), CCD group, CCD with 20 μg/ml of ozone (CCD + AO3 group), and CCD with 40 μg/ml of ozone (CCD + BO3 group). Except the sham group, unilateral L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) compression was performed on all other groups. On days 1, 2, and 4 after the operation, the CCD + AO3 and CCD + BO3 groups were injected with 100 μl of ozone with concentrations of 20 and 40 μg/ml, respectively. Thermal withdrawal latencies (TWLs) and mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWTs) were measured at various time points before and after the operation. BDNF and Fos expressions were examined in the extracted hippocampi using immunohistochemistry. The TWLs and MWTs of CCD model rats that received ozone were lower with decreased BDNF and increased Fos expression levels, on day 21 after the operation, compared to those of the sham group (P < 0.05). The TWLs and MWTs of the CCD + AO3 and CCD + BO3 groups were higher with increased BDNF and decreased Fos expression levels, on day 21 after the operation, compared to those of the CCD group (P < 0.05). The TWLs were longer and the MWTs were higher in the CCD + BO3 group at each time point with increased BDNF and decreased Fos expression levels, on day 21 after the operation, compared to those of the CCD + AO3 group (P < 0.05). Our results revealed that ozone can relieve the neuropathic pain caused by the pathological neuralgia resulting from DRG compression in rats. The mechanism of action for ozone is likely associated with changes in BDNF and Fos expression levels in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yeh CC, Yang CP, Ma KH, Shih JH, Tseng CS, Huang YS. Endogenous Expression of G-CSF in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons after Nerve Injury. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070956. [PMID: 34356190 PMCID: PMC8303554 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to modulate pain function following nerve injury. However, the expression of endogenous G-CSF in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the response to nerve injury remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that G-CSF and G-CSFR are mainly expressed in both small- and medium-diameter DRG neurons in rats and are responsible for transmitting pain responses. G-CSF and G-CSFR were co-expressed in certain nociceptive DRG neurons. In addition, G-CSF was expressed in satellite glial cells around large-diameter DRG neurons. After sciatic nerve injury, the number of G-CSF-positive DRG neurons was increased in both the ipsilateral and contralateral lesion sites in rats. However, G-CSF expression in satellite glial cells was not affected by nerve injury. To clarify the role of G-CSF in pain, exogenous G-CSF was administered to a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve transaction (PST). Our results indicate that treatment with G-CSF did not attenuate but exacerbated neuropathic pain. In summary, G-CSF may directly activate sensory neurons and contribute to nociceptive signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (C.-P.Y.)
| | - Chih-Ping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (C.-P.Y.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (K.-H.M.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ching-San Tseng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (K.-H.M.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Yuahn-Sieh Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (K.-H.M.); (C.-S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-87923100 (ext. 18735)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nociceptor-localized cGMP-dependent protein kinase I is a critical generator for central sensitization and neuropathic pain. Pain 2021; 162:135-151. [PMID: 32773598 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain often experience exaggerated pain and anxiety. Central sensitization has been linked with the maintenance of neuropathic pain and may become an autonomous pain generator. Conversely, emerging evidence accumulated that central sensitization is initiated and maintained by ongoing nociceptive primary afferent inputs. However, it remains elusive what mechanisms underlie this phenomenon and which peripheral candidate contributes to central sensitization that accounts for pain hypersensitivity and pain-related anxiety. Previous studies have implicated peripherally localized cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG-I) in plasticity of nociceptors and spinal synaptic transmission as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia. However, whether peripheral PKG-I contributes to cortical plasticity and hence maintains nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivity and anxiety is unknown. Here, we demonstrated significant upregulation of PKG-I in ipsilateral L3 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), no change in L4 DRG, and downregulation in L5 DRG upon spared nerve injury. Genetic ablation of PKG-I specifically in nociceptors or post-treatment with intervertebral foramen injection of PKG-I antagonist, KT5823, attenuated the development and maintenance of spared nerve injury-induced bilateral pain hypersensitivity and anxiety. Mechanistic analysis revealed that activation of PKG-I in nociceptors is responsible for synaptic potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex upon peripheral neuropathy through presynaptic mechanisms involving brain-derived neurotropic factor signaling. Our results revealed that PKG-I expressed in nociceptors is a key determinant for cingulate synaptic plasticity after nerve injury, which contributes to the maintenance of pain hypersensitivity and anxiety. Thereby, this study presents a strong basis for opening up a novel therapeutic target, PKG-I, in nociceptors for treatment of comorbidity of neuropathic pain and anxiety with least side effects.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei S, Chang S, Dong Y, Xu L, Yuan X, Jia H, Zhang J, Liang L. Electro-acupuncture Suppresses AXL Expression in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Enhances Analgesic Effect of AXL Inhibitor in Spinal Nerve Ligation Induced-Neuropathic Pain Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:504-512. [PMID: 33387191 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electro-acupuncture (EA) has been used for clinic analgesia for many years. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. We recently reported that AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, contributes to the peripheral mechanism of neuropathic pain. We here aim to figure out the significance of EA on neuropathic pain mediated by AXL in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was used as a neuropathic pain model. EA was applied at ''Huantiao'' (GB-30) and ''Yanglingquan'' (GB-34) acupoints for 30 min daily from day 7 to day 10 after SNL. EA not only gradually attenuated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia, but also suppressed the expression of phosphorylated AXL (p-AXL) and AXL in injured DRGs of SNL rats examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Moreover, intrathecal injection of the subthreshold dose of AXL inhibitor TP0903, significantly prolonged the analgesic time of single EA treatment and enhanced the analgesic effect of repeated EA treatments, suggesting a synergic effect of EA and AXL inhibitor. These results indicate that AXL signaling underlies EA analgesia and combination of AXL inhibitor and EA might be a new strategy for clinic analgesia on neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linping Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang L, Zhang J, Tian L, Wang S, Xu L, Wang Y, Guo-Shuai Q, Dong Y, Chen Y, Jia H, Yang X, Yuan C. AXL signaling in primary sensory neurons contributes to chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806919900814. [PMID: 31884887 PMCID: PMC6970473 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919900814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a chronic, highly prevalent, and hard-to-treat condition in the elderly. Clinical studies indicate that AXL, which belongs to the tyrosine kinase receptor subfamily, mediates pathological pain. However, it is not clear exactly how AXL regulates pain behaviors. In this study, we used a model of chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion-induced neuropathic pain to recreate clinical intervertebral foramen stenosis and related lumbocrural pain to explore whether AXL in primary sensory neurons contributes to this neuropathic pain in rats. Using double-labeling immunofluorescence, we observed that both phosphorylated AXL and AXL were localized primarily on isolectin B4-positive and calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive neurons, while AXL was also localized in neurofilament-200-positive neurons. Chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion-induced pain was associated with the upregulation of AXL mRNA and protein in injured dorsal root ganglia. Repeated intrathecal administration of the AXL inhibitor, TP0903, or the AXL small interfering RNA effectively alleviated chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion-induced pain hypersensitivities. Moreover, repeated intrathecal administration of either TP0903 or AXL small interfering RNA reduced the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin in injured dorsal root ganglia, suggesting that mammalian target of rapamycin may mediate AXL’s actions. These results indicate that the upregulation of dorsal root ganglion AXL may be part of a peripheral mechanism of neuropathic pain via an intracellular mammalian target of rapamycin-signaling pathway. Thus, while AXL inhibitors have so far primarily shown clinical efficacy in tumor treatment, AXL intervention could also serve as a potential target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingxuan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qingying Guo-Shuai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hong Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chunmei Yuan
- Department of Pain Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lopes BC, Medeiros LF, Stein DJ, Cioato SG, de Souza VS, Medeiros HR, Sanches PRS, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. tDCS and exercise improve anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in chronic pain rats via modulation of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113173. [PMID: 33577881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders cause distress and are commonly found to be comorbid with chronic pain. Both are difficult-to-treat conditions for which alternative treatment options are being pursued. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), treadmill exercise, or both, on anxiety-like behavior and associated growth factors and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus and sciatic nerve of rats with neuropathic pain. Male Wistar rats (n = 216) were subjected to sham-surgery or sciatic nerve constriction for pain induction. Fourteen days following neuropathic pain establishment, either bimodal tDCS, treadmill exercise, or a combination of both was used for 20 min a day for 8 consecutive days. The elevated plus-maze test was used to assess anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity during the early (24 h) or late (7 days) phase after the end of treatment. BDNF, TNF-ɑ, and IL-10 levels in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NGF, and IL-10 levels in the sciatic nerve were assessed 48 h or 7 days after the end of treatment. Rats from the pain groups developed an anxiety-like state. Both tDCS and treadmill exercise provided ethological and neurochemical alterations induced by pain in the early and/or late phase, and a modest synergic effect between tDCS and exercise was observed. These results indicate that non-invasive neuromodulatory approaches can attenuate both anxiety-like status and locomotor activity and alter the biochemical profile in the hippocampus and sciatic nerve of rats with neuropathic pain and that combined interventions may be considered as a treatment option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, 92010-000 Canoas, Brazil.
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches
- Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital & Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School and Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 02215 Boston, USA
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu F, Yajima T, Wang M, Shen JF, Ichikawa H, Sato T. Effects of trigeminal nerve injury on the expression of galanin and its receptors in the rat trigeminal ganglion. Neuropeptides 2020; 84:102098. [PMID: 33069139 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the spinal nervous system, the expression of galanin (GAL) and galanin receptors (GALRs) that play important roles in the transmission and modulation of nociceptive information can be affected by nerve injury. However, in the trigeminal nervous system, the effects of trigeminal nerve injury on the expression of GAL are controversy in the previous studies. Besides, little is known about the effects of trigeminal nerve injury on the expression of GALRs. In the present study, the effects of trigeminal nerve injury on the expression of GAL and GALRs in the rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) were investigated by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. To identify the nerve-injured and nerve-uninjured TG neurons, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3, the nerve-injured neuron marker) was stained by immunofluorescence. The levels of GAL mRNA in the rostral half and caudal half of the TG dramatically increased after transection of infraorbital nerve (ION) and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), respectively. Immunohistochemical labeling of GAL and ATF3 revealed that GAL level was elevated in both injured and adjacent uninjured small and medium-sized TG neurons after ION/IAN transection. In addition, the levels of GAL2R-like immunoreactivity were reduced in both injured and adjacent uninjured TG neurons after ION/IAN transection, while levels of GAL1R and GAL3R-like immunoreactivity remained unchanged. Furthermore, the number of small to medium-sized TG neurons co-expressing GAL- and GAL1R/GAL2R/GAL3R-like immunoreactivity was significantly increased after ION/IAN transection. In line with previous studies in other spinal neuron systems, these results suggest that GAL and GALRs play functional roles in orofacial neuropathic pain and trigeminal nerve regeneration after trigeminal nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo machi, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department II of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo machi, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department II of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department II of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo machi, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo machi, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Electroacupuncture Modulates Spinal BDNF/TrκB Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates the Sensitization of Dorsal Horn WDR Neurons in Spared Nerve Injury Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186524. [PMID: 32906633 PMCID: PMC7555233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is more complex and severely affects the quality of patients’ life. However, the therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain in the clinic is still limited. Previously we have reported that electroacupuncture (EA) has an attenuating effect on neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury (SNI), but its potential mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. In this study, we designed to determine whether BDNF/TrκB signaling cascade in the spinal cord is involved in the inhibitory effect of 2 Hz EA on neuropathic pain in SNI rats. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of rats was used to detect SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. The expression of BDNF/TrκB cascade in the spinal cord was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. The C-fiber-evoked discharges of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in spinal dorsal horn were applied to indicate the noxious response of WDR neurons. The results showed that 2 Hz EA significantly down-regulated the levels of BDNF and TrκB mRNA and protein expression in the spinal cord of SNI rats, along with ameliorating mechanical hypersensitivity. In addition, intrathecal injection of 100 ng BDNF, not only inhibited the analgesic effect of 2 Hz EA on pain hypersensitivity, but also reversed the decrease of BDNF and TrκB expression induced by 2 Hz EA. Moreover, 2 Hz EA obviously reduced the increase of C-fiber-evoked discharges of dorsal horn WDR neurons by SNI, but exogenous BDNF (100 ng) effectively reversed the inhibitory effect of 2 Hz EA on SNI rats, resulting in a remarkable improvement of excitability of dorsal horn WDR neurons in SNI rats. Taken together, these data suggested that 2 Hz EA alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity by blocking the spinal BDNF/TrκB signaling pathway-mediated central sensitization in SNI rats. Therefore, targeting BDNF/TrκB cascade in the spinal cord may be a potential mechanism of EA against neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo Q, Mizuno K, Okuyama K, Lin N, Zhang Y, Hayashi H, Takagi N, Sato T. Antineuropathic pain actions of Wu-tou decoction resulted from the increase of neurotrophic factor and decrease of CCR5 expression in primary rat glial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109812. [PMID: 31945696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wu-tou decoction (WTD), a classic Traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been extensively used in the treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) such as chronic inflammatory pain, trigeminal neuralgia, and cancer-induced pain. Our previous studies have shown that the severity of mechanical allodynia and thermo hypersensitivity in NP rats are reduced by WTD, of which analgesic candidates are paeoniflorin (Pae) and liquiritin (Liq). The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanisms of WTD, Pae and Liq against NP based on the primary rat glial cells in vitro. The gene expression levels of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and Artemin and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) were augmented by inflammatory cytokines, while chemokines increased only CCR5 gene expression. The constitutive and cytokine-augmented neurotrophic factor gene expression was enhanced by WTD, Pae, and Liq through PI3K- and PKA-dependent pathways in rat glial cells, leading to the increase of NGF and BDNF production. Furthermore, the CCR5 gene expression under basal and chemokine-treated conditions was suppressed by these reagents, in which signal pathway(s) was independent on the activation of PI3K and PKA. Moreover, there was no cytotoxicity in the WTD, Pae, and Liq treatments in glial cells. Thus, these results provide a novel evidence that WTD may exert the anti-NP actions by predominantly increasing the production of neurotrophic factors through PI3K- and PKA-signaling pathways in rat glial cells. Furthermore, Pae and Liq may play as analgesic candidates in WTD-mediated NP management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Koji Mizuno
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsuki Okuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Wang H. Peripheral nerve injury induced changes in the spinal cord and strategies to counteract/enhance the changes to promote nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:189-198. [PMID: 31552884 PMCID: PMC6905333 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury leads to morphological, molecular and gene expression changes in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, some of which have positive impact on the survival of neurons and nerve regeneration, while the effect of others is the opposite. It is crucial to take prompt measures to capitalize on the positive effects of these reactions and counteract the negative impact after peripheral nerve injury at the level of spinal cord, especially for peripheral nerve injuries that are severe, located close to the cell body, involve long distance for axons to regrow and happen in immature individuals. Early nerve repair, exogenous supply of neurotrophic factors and Schwann cells can sustain the regeneration inductive environment and enhance the positive changes in neurons. Administration of neurotrophic factors, acetyl-L-carnitine, N-acetyl-cysteine, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 can help counteract axotomy-induced neuronal loss and promote regeneration, which are all time-dependent. Sustaining and reactivation of Schwann cells after denervation provides another effective strategy. FK506 can be used to accelerate axonal regeneration of neurons, especially after chronic axotomy. Exploring the axotomy-induced changes after peripheral nerve injury and applying protective and promotional measures in the spinal cord which help to retain a positive functional status for neuron cell bodies will inevitably benefit regeneration of the peripheral nerve and improve functional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|