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Castillo-Ordoñez WO, Cajas-Salazar N, Velasco-Reyes MA. Genetic and epigenetic targets of natural dietary compounds as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:846-854. [PMID: 37843220 PMCID: PMC10664119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older adults. Pathogenic factors, such as oxidative stress, an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, genotoxicity, and neuroinflammation are present in this syndrome, which leads to neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease are considered late-onset diseases caused by the complex combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. There are two main types of Alzheimer's disease, known as familial Alzheimer's disease (onset < 65 years) and late-onset or sporadic Alzheimer's disease (onset ≥ 65 years). Patients with familial Alzheimer's disease inherit the disease due to rare mutations on the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and PSEN2) genes in an autosomal-dominantly fashion with closely 100% penetrance. In contrast, a different picture seems to emerge for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, which exhibits numerous non-Mendelian anomalies suggesting an epigenetic component in its etiology. Importantly, the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms driving Alzheimer's disease are interfaced with epigenetic dysregulation. However, the dynamic nature of epigenetics seems to open up new avenues and hope in regenerative neurogenesis to improve brain repair in Alzheimer's disease or following injury or stroke in humans. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in using natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. Through epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, histone modification, and chromatin conformation regulation, natural compounds appear to exert neuroprotective effects. While we do not purport to cover every in this work, we do attempt to illustrate how various phytochemical compounds regulate the epigenetic effects of a few Alzheimer's disease-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Orlando Castillo-Ordoñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
- Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nohelia Cajas-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
| | - Mayra Alejandra Velasco-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
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2
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Paniri A, Hosseini MM, Akhavan-Niaki H. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Epigenetic Changes: Novel Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1282-1317. [PMID: 37700216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the precise mechanism and molecular basis of AD are not yet fully understood. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, mitochondrial DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play a role in regulating gene expression related to neuron plasticity and integrity, which are closely associated with learning and memory development. This review describes the impact of dynamic and reversible epigenetic modifications and factors on memory and plasticity throughout life, emphasizing their potential as target for therapeutic intervention in AD. Additionally, we present insight from postmortem and animal studies on abnormal epigenetics regulation in AD, as well as current strategies aiming at targeting these factors in the context of AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran.
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3
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Zhao Y, Ai W, Zheng J, Hu X, Zhang L. A bibliometric and visual analysis of epigenetic research publications for Alzheimer's disease (2013-2023). Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1332845. [PMID: 38292341 PMCID: PMC10824959 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1332845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressively rising, particularly in developed nations. There is an escalating focus on the onset and progression of AD. A mounting body of research indicates that epigenetics significantly contributes to AD and holds substantial promise as a novel therapeutic target for its treatment. Objective The objective of this article is to present the AD areas of research interest, comprehend the contextual framework of the subject research, and investigate the prospective direction for future research development. Methods ln Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), we searched documents by specific subject terms and their corresponding free words. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Scimago Graphica were used to perform statistical analysis on measurement metrics such as the number of published papers, national cooperative networks, publishing countries, institutions, authors, co-cited journals, keywords, and visualize networks of related content elements. Results We selected 1,530 articles from WOSCC from January 2013 to June 2023 about epigenetics of AD. Based on visual analysis, we could get that China and United States were the countries with the most research in this field. Bennett DA was the most contributed and prestigious scientist. The top 3 cited journals were Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurobiology of Aging and Molecular Neurobiology. According to the analysis of keywords and the frequency of citations, ncRNAs, transcription factor, genome, histone modification, blood DNA methylation, acetylation, biomarkers were hot research directions in AD today. Conclusion According to bibliometric analysis, epigenetic research in AD was a promising research direction, and epigenetics had the potential to be used as AD biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaPing Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - WenJing Ai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - JingFeng Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - XianLiang Hu
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital, Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - LuShun Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Development and Regeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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4
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Wilson C, Gattuso JJ, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Mechanisms of pathogenesis and environmental moderators in preclinical models of compulsive-like behaviours. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106223. [PMID: 37423502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) is an emergent class of psychiatric illnesses that contributes substantially to the global mental health disease burden. In particular, the prototypical illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has a profoundly deleterious effect on the quality of life of those with lived experience. Both clinical and preclinical studies have investigated the genetic and environmental influences contributing to the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Significant progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics of OCD, along with the critical role of common environmental triggers (e.g., stress). Some of this progress can be attributed to the sophistication of rodent models used in the field, particularly genetic mutant models, which demonstrate promising construct, face, and predictive validity. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating how these genetic and environmental influences interact to precipitate the behavioural, cellular, and molecular changes that occur in OCD. In this review, we assert that preclinical studies offer a unique opportunity to carefully manipulate environmental and genetic factors, and in turn to interrogate gene-environment interactions and relevant downstream sequelae. Such studies may serve to provide a mechanistic framework to build our understanding of the pathogenesis of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD. Furthermore, understanding gene-environment interactions and pathogenic mechanisms will facilitate precision medicine and other future approaches to enhance treatment, reduce side-effects of therapeutic interventions, and improve the lives of those suffering from these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Wilson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James J Gattuso
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Jeremic D, Jiménez-Díaz L, Navarro-López JD. Targeting epigenetics: A novel promise for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102003. [PMID: 37422087 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
So far, the search for a cure for Alzheimer Disease (AD) has been unsuccessful. The only approved drugs attenuate some symptoms, but do not halt the progress of this disease, which affects 50 million people worldwide and will increase its incidence in the coming decades. Such scenario demands new therapeutic approaches to fight against this devastating dementia. In recent years, multi-omics research and the analysis of differential epigenetic marks in AD subjects have contributed to our understanding of AD; however, the impact of epigenetic research is yet to be seen. This review integrates the most recent data on pathological processes and epigenetic changes relevant for aging and AD, as well as current therapies targeting epigenetic machinery in clinical trials. Evidence shows that epigenetic modifications play a key role in gene expression, which could provide multi-target preventative and therapeutic approaches in AD. Both novel and repurposed drugs are employed in AD clinical trials due to their epigenetic effects, as well as increasing number of natural compounds. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications and the complexity of gene-environment interactions, the combination of epigenetic-based therapies with environmental strategies and drugs with multiple targets might be needed to properly help AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danko Jeremic
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Juan D Navarro-López
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Dennison J, Mendez A, Szeto A, Lohse I, Wahlestedt C, Volmar CH. Low-Dose Chidamide Treatment Displays Sex-Specific Differences in the 3xTg-AD Mouse. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1324. [PMID: 37759724 PMCID: PMC10526199 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic compounds have become attractive small molecules for targeting the multifaceted aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD disproportionately affects women, most of the current literature investigating epigenetic compounds for the treatment of AD do not report sex-specific results. This is remarkable because there is rising evidence that epigenetic compounds intrinsically affect males and females differently. This manuscript explores the sexual dimorphism observed after chronic, low-dose administration of a clinically relevant histone deacetylase inhibitor, chidamide (Tucidinostat), in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. We found that chidamide treatment significantly improves glucose tolerance and increases expression of glucose transporters in the brain of males. We also report a decrease in total tau in chidamide-treated mice. Differentially expressed genes in chidamide-treated mice were much greater in males than females. Genes involved in the neuroinflammatory pathway and amyloid processing pathway were mostly upregulated in chidamide-treated males while downregulated in chidamide-treated females. This work highlights the need for drug discovery projects to consider sex as a biological variable to facilitate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dennison
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Armando Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Angela Szeto
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Raia T, Armeli F, Cavallaro RA, Ferraguti G, Businaro R, Lucarelli M, Fuso A. Perinatal S-Adenosylmethionine Supplementation Represses PSEN1 Expression by the Cellular Epigenetic Memory of CpG and Non-CpG Methylation in Adult TgCRD8 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11675. [PMID: 37511434 PMCID: PMC10380323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, the main epigenetic modification regulating gene expression, plays a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Previous evidence indicates that 5'-flanking hypomethylation of PSEN1, a gene involved in the amyloidogenic pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD), boosts the AD-like phenotype in transgenic TgCRND8 mice. Supplementation with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the methyl donor in the DNA methylation reactions, reverts the pathological phenotype. Several studies indicate that epigenetic signatures, driving the shift between normal and diseased aging, can be acquired during the first stages of life, even in utero, and manifest phenotypically later on in life. Therefore, we decided to test whether SAM supplementation during the perinatal period (i.e., supplementing the mothers from mating to weaning) could exert a protective role towards AD-like symptom manifestation. We therefore compared the effect of post-weaning vs. perinatal SAM treatment in TgCRND8 mice by assessing PSEN1 methylation and expression and the development of amyloid plaques. We found that short-term perinatal supplementation was as effective as the longer post-weaning supplementation in repressing PSEN1 expression and amyloid deposition in adult mice. These results highlight the importance of epigenetic memory and methyl donor availability during early life to promote healthy aging and stress the functional role of non-CpG methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Raia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Armeli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | | | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Wu S, Yang F, Chao S, Wang B, Wang W, Li H, Yu L, He L, Li X, Sun L, Qin S. Altered DNA methylome profiles of blood leukocytes in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1175864. [PMID: 37388929 PMCID: PMC10300350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1175864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: DNA methylation plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the global changes of blood leukocyte DNA methylome profiles from Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with AD, or the specific DNA methylation-based signatures associated with MCI and AD. In this study, we sought to dissect the characteristics of blood DNA methylome profiles in MCI- and AD-affected Chinese patients with the aim of identifying novel DNA methylation biomarkers for AD. Methods: In this study, we profiled the DNA methylome of peripheral blood leukocytes from 20 MCI- and 20 AD-affected Chinese patients and 20 cognitively healthy controls (CHCs) with the Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip array. Results: We identified significant alterations of the methylome profiles in MCI and AD blood leukocytes. A total of 2,582 and 20,829 CpG sites were significantly and differentially methylated in AD and MCI compared with CHCs (adjusted p < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, 441 differentially methylated positions (DMPs), aligning to 213 unique genes, were overlapped by the three comparative groups of AD versus CHCs, MCI versus CHCs, and AD versus MCI, of which 6 and 5 DMPs were continuously hypermethylated and hypomethylated in MCI and AD relative to CHCs (adjusted p < 0.05), respectively, such as FLNC cg20186636 and AFAP1 cg06758191. The DMPs with an area under the curve >0.900, such as cg18771300, showed high potency for predicting MCI and AD. In addition, gene ontology and pathway enrichment results showed that these overlapping genes were mainly involved in neurotransmitter transport, GABAergic synaptic transmission, signal release from synapse, neurotransmitter secretion, and the regulation of neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, tissue expression enrichment analysis revealed a subset of potentially cerebral cortex-enriched genes associated with MCI and AD, including SYT7, SYN3, and KCNT1. Conclusion: This study revealed a number of potential biomarkers for MCI and AD, also highlighted the presence of epigenetically dysregulated gene networks that may engage in the underlying pathological events resulting in the onset of cognitive impairment and AD progression. Collectively, this study provides prospective cues for developing therapeutic strategies to improve cognitive impairment and AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Chao
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuqian Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Limei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Editorial Office, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Naidoo V, Carrera I, Corzo L, Cacabelos R. Natural Bioactive Products as Epigenetic Modulators for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:216. [PMID: 37259364 PMCID: PMC9967112 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are major health issues in Western countries. Despite significant efforts, no effective therapeutics for NDDs exist. Several drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms (epidrugs) have been recently developed for the treatment of NDDs, and several of these are currently being tested in clinical trials. Furthermore, various bioproducts have shown important biological effects for the potential prevention and treatment of these disorders. Here, we review the use of natural products as epidrugs to treat NDDs in order to explore the epigenetic effects and benefits of functional foods and natural bioproducts on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
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Raval M, Mishra S, Tiwari AK. Epigenetic regulons in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 198:185-247. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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11
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Shanker OR, Kumar S, Dixit AB, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Sarat Chandra P. Epigenetics of neurological diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 198:165-184. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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12
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The Role of Epigenetics in Neuroinflammatory-Driven Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315218. [PMID: 36499544 PMCID: PMC9740629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of central and/or peripheral nervous system neurons. Within this context, neuroinflammation comes up as one of the main factors linked to neurodegeneration progression. In fact, neuroinflammation has been recognized as an outstanding factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, neuroinflammatory diseases are characterized by dramatic changes in the epigenetic profile, which might provide novel prognostic and therapeutic factors towards neuroinflammatory treatment. Deep changes in DNA and histone methylation, along with histone acetylation and altered non-coding RNA expression, have been reported at the onset of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge on this field.
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Zhang S, Meng Y, Zhou L, Qiu L, Wang H, Su D, Zhang B, Chan K, Han J. Targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammation: Mechanisms and intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e173. [PMID: 36176733 PMCID: PMC9477794 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that resolution of inflammation is a critical and dynamic endogenous process for host tissues defending against external invasive pathogens or internal tissue injury. It has long been known that autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses, leading to excessive and uncontrol tissue inflammation. The dysregulation of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications to histone proteins, and noncoding RNA expression has been implicated in a host of inflammatory disorders and the immune system. The inflammatory response is considered as a critical trigger of epigenetic alterations that in turn intercede inflammatory actions. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism that dictates the outcome of targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammatory disease is required for inflammation resolution. In this article, we elucidate the critical role of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammatory diseases. And we formulate the relationship between inflammation, coronavirus disease 2019, and human cancers. Additionally, we review the mechanism of epigenetic modifications involved in inflammation and innate immune cells. All that matters is that we propose and discuss the rejuvenation potential of interventions that target epigenetic regulators and regulatory mechanisms for chronic inflammation-associated diseases to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Meng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lian Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dan Su
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsDepartment of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kui‐Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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14
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Hajjo R, Sabbah DA, Abusara OH, Al Bawab AQ. A Review of the Recent Advances in Alzheimer's Disease Research and the Utilization of Network Biology Approaches for Prioritizing Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122975. [PMID: 36552984 PMCID: PMC9777434 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that, after decades of research and development, is still without a cure. There are some symptomatic treatments to manage the psychological symptoms but none of these drugs can halt disease progression. Additionally, over the last few years, many anti-AD drugs failed in late stages of clinical trials and many hypotheses surfaced to explain these failures, including the lack of clear understanding of disease pathways and processes. Recently, different epigenetic factors have been implicated in AD pathogenesis; thus, they could serve as promising AD diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, network biology approaches have been suggested as effective tools to study AD on the systems level and discover multi-target-directed ligands as novel treatments for AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology to provide a better understanding of disease pathogenesis hypotheses and decipher the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in disease development and progression. We also provide an overview of disease biomarkers and drug targets and suggest network biology approaches as new tools for identifying novel biomarkers and drugs. We also posit that the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to mining Alzheimer's disease multi-omics data will facilitate drug and biomarker discovery efforts and lead to effective individualized anti-Alzheimer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carlina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control, Amman 11118, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Osama H. Abusara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Abdel Qader Al Bawab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
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Li Y, Lin S, Gu Z, Chen L, He B. Zinc-dependent deacetylases (HDACs) as potential targets for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:129015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Kim B, Vasanthakumar A, Li QS, Nudelman KN, Risacher SL, Davis JW, Idler K, Lee J, Seo SW, Waring JF, Saykin AJ, Nho K. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression identifies genes associated with biological aging in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12354. [PMID: 36187194 PMCID: PMC9489162 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The acceleration of biological aging is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules and dysregulated genesinvolved in biological aging in AD. Methods We performed WGCNA to identify modules associated with biological clocks and hub genes of the module with the highest module significance. In addition, we performed differential expression analysis and association analysis with AD biomarkers. Results WGCNA identified five modules associated with biological clocks, with the module designated as "purple" showing the strongest association. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the purple module was related to cell migration and death. Ten genes were identified as hub genes in purple modules, of which CX3CR1 was downregulated in AD and low levels of CX3CR1 expression were associated with AD biomarkers. Conclusion Network analysis identified genes associated with biological clocks, which suggests the genetic architecture underlying biological aging in AD. Highlights Examine links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) peripheral transcriptome and biological aging changes.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found five modules related to biological aging.Among the hub genes of the module, CX3CR1 was downregulated in AD.The CX3CR1 expression level was associated with cognitive performance and brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Hyun Kim
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Samsung Alzheimer Research CenterSamsung Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySHAISTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Qingqin S. Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic AreaJanssen Research & Development, LLCTitusvilleNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kelly N.H. Nudelman
- National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiasIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Kenneth Idler
- Genomics Research CenterAbbVieNorth ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jong‐Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Samsung Alzheimer Research CenterSamsung Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of NeurologySamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySHAISTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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CRISPR/dCas9-Dnmt3a-mediated targeted DNA methylation of APP rescues brain pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:41. [PMID: 36109806 PMCID: PMC9476342 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA methylation patterns have been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dynamic changes in DNA methylation are closely associated with the onset and progression of these diseases. Particularly, hypomethylation of the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) has been reported in patients with AD. Methods In this study, we used catalytically inactivated Cas9 (dCas9) fused with Dnmt3a for targeted DNA methylation of APP, and showed that the CRISPR/dCas9-Dnmt3a-mediated DNA methylation system could efficiently induce targeted DNA methylation of APP both in vivo and in vitro. Results We hypothesized that the targeted methylation of the APP promoter might rescue AD-related neuronal cell death by reducing APP mRNA expression. The cultured APP-KI mouse primary neurons exhibited an altered DNA-methylation pattern on the APP promoter after dCas9-Dnmt3a treatment. Likewise, the APP mRNA level was significantly reduced in the dCas9-Dnmt3a-treated wild-type and APP-KI mouse primary neurons. We also observed decreased amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide level and Aβ42/40 ratio in the dCas9-Dnmt3a-treated APP-KI mouse neurons compared to the control APP-KI mouse neurons. In addition, neuronal cell death was significantly decreased in the dCas9-Dnmt3a-treated APP-KI mouse neurons. Furthermore, the in vivo methylation of APP in the brain via dCas9-Dnmt3a treatment altered Aβ plaques and attenuated cognitive and behavioral impairments in the APP-KI mouse model. Conclusions These results suggest that the targeted methylation of APP via dCas9-Dnmt3a treatment can be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-022-00314-0.
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Mishra P, Beura S, Ghosh R, Modak R. Nutritional Epigenetics: How Metabolism Epigenetically Controls Cellular Physiology, Gene Expression and Disease. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:239-267. [PMID: 36301497 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is a dynamic process that is influenced by both internal and external factors. Alteration in the epigenetic profile is a key mechanism in the regulation process. Epigenetic regulators, such as enzymes and proteins involved in posttranslational modification (PTM), use different cofactors and substrates derived from dietary sources. For example, glucose metabolism provides acetyl CoA, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), α- ketoglutarate, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and fatty acid desaturase (FAD), which are utilized by chromatin-modifying enzymes in many intermediary metabolic pathways. Any alteration in the metabolic status of the cell results in the alteration of these metabolites, which causes dysregulation in the activity of chromatin regulators, resulting in the alteration of the epigenetic profile. Such long-term or repeated alteration of epigenetic profile can lead to several diseases, like cancer, insulin resistance and diabetes, cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative disease, and metabolic syndromes. Here we discuss the functions of key nutrients that contribute to epigenetic regulation and their role in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Mishra
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shibangini Beura
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ritu Ghosh
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Modak
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Agarwal D, Kumari R, Ilyas A, Tyagi S, Kumar R, Poddar NK. Crosstalk between epigenetics and mTOR as a gateway to new insights in pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:895-903. [PMID: 34662652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics in the current times has become a gateway to acquire answers to questions that were left unanswered by classical and modern genetics, be it resolving the complex mystery behind neurodegenerative disorders or understanding the complexity behind life-threatening cancers. It has presented to the world an entirely new dimension and has added a dynamic angle to an otherwise static field of genetics. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders is largely found to be a result of alterations in epigenetic pathways. These changes majorly comprise an imbalance in DNA methylation levels and altered acetylation and methylation of histones. They are often seen to cross-link with metabolic regulatory pathways such as that of mTOR, contributing significantly to the pathophysiology of AD. This review focusses on the study of the interplay of the mTOR regulatory pathway with that of epigenetic machinery that may elevate the rate of early diagnosis and prove to be a gateway to the development of an efficient and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Ruchika Kumari
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Ashal Ilyas
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly 243 123, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- HNo-88, Ranjit Avenue, Bela Chowk, Kota Nihang, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
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Gestational high fat diet protects 3xTg offspring from memory impairments, synaptic dysfunction, and brain pathology. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7006-7019. [PMID: 31451749 PMCID: PMC7044032 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal history for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) predisposes the offspring to the disease later in life. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unknown. Lifestyle and nutrition can directly modulate susceptibility to AD. Herein we investigated whether gestational high fat diet influences the offspring susceptibility to AD later in life. Triple transgenic dams were administered high fat diet or regular chow throughout 3 weeks gestation. Offspring were fed regular chow throughout their life and tested for spatial learning and memory, brain amyloidosis, tau pathology, and synaptic function. Gestational high fat diet attenuated memory decline, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid-β and tau neuropathology in the offspring by transcriptional regulation of BACE-1, CDK5, and tau gene expression via the upregulation of FOXP2 repressor. Gestational high fat diet protects offspring against the development of the AD phenotype. In utero dietary intervention could be implemented as preventative strategy against AD.
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21
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Shea TB. Improvement of cognitive performance by a nutraceutical formulation: Underlying mechanisms revealed by laboratory studies. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:281-304. [PMID: 34352370 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline, decrease in neuronal function and neuronal loss that accompany normal aging and dementia are the result of multiple mechanisms, many of which involve oxidative stress. Herein, we review these various mechanisms and identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, including modification of diet, that may reduce the risk and progression of cognitive decline. The optimal degree of neuronal protection is derived by combinations of, rather than individual, compounds. Compounds that provide antioxidant protection are particularly effective at delaying or improving cognitive performance in the early stages of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Laboratory studies confirm alleviation of oxidative damage in brain tissue. Lifestyle modifications show a degree of efficacy and may augment pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, oxidative damage and resultant accumulation of biomarkers of neuronal damage can precede cognitive decline by years to decades. This underscores the importance of optimization of dietary enrichment, antioxidant supplementation and other lifestyle modifications during aging even for individuals who are cognitively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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22
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Ikram MF, Farhat SM, Mahboob A, Baig S, Yaqinuddin A, Ahmed T. Expression of DnMTs and MBDs in AlCl 3-Induced Neurotoxicity Mouse Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3433-3444. [PMID: 33174148 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in DNA methylation after aluminum exposure has been shown to contribute in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study is aimed to determine the effect of Al exposure (42 and 60 days) on learning and memory and the expression of proteins involved in DNA methylation (MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, MeCP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2), DnMT1 and DnMT3a). Male BALB/c mice were treated with AlCl3 for either 42 days or 60 days. After treatment completion, learning and memory were compared to the control group using novel object recognition test, elevated plus maze test, open field test, and Morris water maze test. The treated animals and their respective controls were sacrificed after cognitive testing and samples from their whole cortex and hippocampus were harvested for gene expression analysis. Mice treated with AlCl3 showed significant cognitive deficit with impaired short-term memory, elevated anxiety, and deterioration in spatial and reference memory. The AlCl3 treatment showed significant reduction in the expression of MBDs in the whole cortex at 60 days of treatment as compared to control. AlCl3-treated animals showed decreased expression of MBDs and DnMT3a in the hippocampus for longer treated animals but strikingly, MBD2 showed significantly increased expression in AlCl3-treated animals at 60 days p ≤ 0.001. In conclusion, this study showed that AlCl3-treated animals showed significant memory and cognitive deficits and it is associated with significant changes in the expression of proteins involved in DNA methylation mechanism. Moreover, different Al exposure duration had slightly different effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Ikram
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Mehpara Farhat
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Aamra Mahboob
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Baig
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Alzoubi K, Khabour O, Alfaqih M, Tashtoush M, Al-Azzam S, Mhaidat N, Alrabadi N. The protective effects of pioglitazone against cognitive impairment caused by L-Methionine administration in a rat model. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:77-84. [PMID: 34370649 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210809122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence indicates that elevated levels of methionine are associated with cognitive decline including loss of memory. The exact mechanisms behind this observation are not completely understood but could be related to an increase in oxidative stress markers in hippocampal tissues. The above increase in oxidative stress could be directly caused by an increase in the blood levels of methionine (hypermethioninemia) or one of its metabolites, such as homocysteine. Pioglitazone is a drug primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several reports showed that using pioglitazone protects against cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease. Pioglitazone has antioxidant properties independent of its hypoglycemic effects. Taken together, we hypothesized that pioglitazone protects against memory loss triggered by elevated levels of methionine through lowering of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. METHOD To test this hypothesis, we used chronic administration of L-methionine in a rat model. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated in the model using a radial arm water maze (RAWM). The levels of several markers related to oxidative stress were measured in hippocampal tissues recovered from experimental rats. RESULTS Current results showed that administration of L-methionine was associated with a significant loss of short- and long-term memory and an increase in blood homocysteine levels. The above memory changes were associated with an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus. The combined treatment of pioglitazone with L-methionine protected rat model from memory loss. It also prevented changes observed in lipid peroxidation and changes in the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes. CONCLUSION Current findings indicate that pioglitazone is a viable therapeutic option that protects against cognitive changes observed upon administration of L-methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-22110. Jordan
| | - Omar Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid. Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-22110. Jordan
| | - Murad Tashtoush
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-22110. Jordan
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-22110. Jordan
| | - Nizar Mhaidat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-22110. Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-22110. Jordan
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Bellver-Sanchis A, Pallàs M, Griñán-Ferré C. The Contribution of Epigenetic Inheritance Processes on Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:15. [PMID: 34968302 PMCID: PMC8594669 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, epigenetic processes have emerged as important factors for many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). These complex diseases seem to have a heritable component; however, genome-wide association studies failed to identify the genetic loci involved in the etiology. So, how can these changes be transmitted from one generation to the next? Answering this question would allow us to understand how the environment can affect human populations for multiple generations and explain the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. This review pays particular attention to the relationship among epigenetics, cognition, and neurodegeneration across generations, deepening the understanding of the relevance of heritability in neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight some recent examples of EI induced by experiences, focusing on their contribution of processes in learning and memory to point out new targets for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first describe the prominent role of epigenetic factors in memory processing. Then, we briefly discuss aspects of EI. Additionally, we summarize evidence of how epigenetic marks inherited by experience and/or environmental stimuli contribute to cognitive status offspring since better knowledge of EI can provide clues in the appearance and development of age-related cognitive decline and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (M.P.)
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Pasyukova EG, Symonenko AV, Rybina OY, Vaiserman AM. Epigenetic enzymes: A role in aging and prospects for pharmacological targeting. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101312. [PMID: 33657446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of interventions aimed at improving healthspan is one of the priority tasks for the academic and public health authorities. It is also the main objective of a novel branch in biogerontological research, geroscience. According to the geroscience concept, targeting aging is an effective way to combat age-related disorders. Since aging is an exceptionally complex process, system-oriented integrated approaches seem most appropriate for such an interventional strategy. Given the high plasticity and adaptability of the epigenome, epigenome-targeted interventions appear highly promising in geroscience research. Pharmaceuticals targeted at mechanisms involved in epigenetic control of gene activity are actively developed and implemented to prevent and treat various aging-related conditions such as cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this review, we describe the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in aging; characterize enzymes contributing to the regulation of epigenetic processes; particularly focus on epigenetic drugs, such as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases that may potentially affect aging-associated diseases and longevity; and discuss possible caveats associated with the use of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Pasyukova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alexander V Symonenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Olga Y Rybina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow Pedagogical State University», M. Pirogovskaya Str. 1/1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Videtic Paska A, Konjevod M, Kouter K, Svob Strac D, Nedic Erjavec G, Pivac N. Epigenetics of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020195. [PMID: 33573255 PMCID: PMC7911414 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no validated biomarkers which can be used to accurately diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or to distinguish it from other dementia-causing neuropathologies. Moreover, to date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In the search for new, more reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic options, epigenetic modifications have emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of the article was to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of epigenetics (including mitoepigenetics) in AD, and the possibility of applying these advances for future AD therapy. Extensive research has suggested an important role of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation (with the emphasis on microRNAs) in the course and development of AD. Recent studies also indicated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as an interesting biomarker of AD, since dysfunctions in the mitochondria and lower mtDNA copy number have been associated with AD pathophysiology. The current evidence suggests that epigenetic changes can be successfully detected, not only in the central nervous system, but also in the cerebrospinal fluid and on the periphery, contributing further to their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Alja Videtic Paska
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Katarina Kouter
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-514-571-207
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Aβ-Induced Damage Memory in hCMEC/D3 Cells Mediated by Sirtuin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218226. [PMID: 33153131 PMCID: PMC7662699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted by the scientific community that the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) may be involved in endothelial dysfunction during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression; however, anti-Aβ anti-bodies, which remove Aβ plaques, do not improve cerebrovascular function in AD animal models. The reasons for these paradoxical results require investigation. We hypothesized that Aβ exposure may cause persistent damage to cerebral endothelial cells even after Aβ is removed (referred to as cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory exists in endothelial cells. hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with Aβ1–42 for 12 h and then Aβ1–42 was withdrawn for another 12 h incubation to investigate whether cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory exists in endothelial cells. A mechanism-based kinetics progression model was developed to investigate the dynamic characters of the cerebrovascular endothelial damage. After Aβ1–42 was removed, the sirt-1 levels returned to normal but the cell vitality did not improve, which suggests that cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory may exist in endothelial cells. Sirt-1 activator SRT2104 and NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) supplement may dose-dependently relieve the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. sirt-1 inhibitor EX527 may exacerbate the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. Kinetics analysis suggested that sirt-1 is involved in initiating the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory; otherwise, NAD+ exhaustion plays a vital role in maintaining the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. This study provides a novel feature of cerebrovascular endothelial damage induced by Aβ.
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Chen F, Chen H, Jia Y, Lu H, Tan Q, Zhou X. miR-149-5p inhibition reduces Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid generation in 293/APPsw cells by upregulating H4K16ac via KAT8. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:88. [PMID: 32973937 PMCID: PMC7507054 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of age-related dementia, is characterized by abnormal β-amyloid accumulation. During learning, memory formation and consolidation, increased levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation are observed. The present study reported significantly decreased level of H4K16ac in the plasma of patients with AD compared with healthy subjects via western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR. Lysine acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8) expression, the major lysine acetyltransferase responsible for the acetylation of H4K16, was significantly decreased in patients with AD compared with healthy subjects as determined via western blotting and RT-qPCR. The results indicated that aberrant expression patterns of H4K16ac and KAT8 might be associated with AD progression. Moreover, western blot analysis demonstrated that KAT8-overexpression cells displayed increased levels of H4K16ac, accompanied by higher levels of neuroprotective soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP)α and β-secretase (BACE)2, and decreased levels of sAPPβ and BACE1 compared with negative control and vector cells. In neurodegenerative disorders, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are deregulated; however, the effect of miRNA dysregulation on histone acetylation is not completely understood. To the best of our knowledge, the present study identified a novel inhibitory interaction between miR-149-5p and KAT8 3'-UTR that contributed to the pathological alterations in an AD cell model for the first time, using bioinformatics and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The western blotting results indicated that, compared with the inhibitor control group, miR-149-5p inhibitor markedly increased H4K16ac levels, which were significantly suppressed by co-transfection with KAT8 short hairpin (sh)RNA. KAT8 shRNA and miR-149-5p inhibitor co-transfection abolished the beneficial effects of miR-149-5p inhibitor. The results indicated that miR-149-5p regulated KAT8 and H4K16ac expression in an AD cell model, which may be associated with the pathological process of AD; therefore, miRNA may serve as a potential drug target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Chen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Jia
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Hai Lu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Qiaorui Tan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
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Monti N, Cavallaro RA, Stoccoro A, Nicolia V, Scarpa S, Kovacs GG, Fiorenza MT, Lucarelli M, Aronica E, Ferrer I, Coppedè F, Troen AM, Fuso A. CpG and non-CpG Presenilin1 methylation pattern in course of neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration is associated with gene expression in human and murine brain. Epigenetics 2020; 15:781-799. [PMID: 32019393 PMCID: PMC7518704 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1722917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Presenilin1 (PSEN1) gene encodes the catalytic peptide of the γ-secretase complex, a key enzyme that cleaves the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), to generate the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, involved in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Other substrates of the γ-secretase, such as E-cadherin and Notch1, are involved in neurodevelopment and haematopoiesis. Gene-specific DNA methylation influences PSEN1 expression in AD animal models. Here we evaluated canonical and non-canonical cytosine methylation patterns of the PSEN1 5'-flanking during brain development and AD progression, in DNA extracted from the frontal cortex of AD transgenic mice (TgCRND8) and post-mortem human brain. Mapping CpG and non-CpG methylation revealed different methylation profiles in mice and humans. PSEN1 expression only correlated with DNA methylation in adult female mice. However, in post-mortem human brain, lower methylation, both at CpG and non-CpG sites, correlated closely with higher PSEN1 expression during brain development and in disease progression. PSEN1 methylation in blood DNA was significantly lower in AD patients than in controls. The present study is the first to demonstrate a temporal correlation between dynamic changes in PSEN1 CpG and non-CpG methylation patterns and mRNA expression during neurodevelopment and AD neurodegeneration. These observations were made possible by the use of an improved bisulphite methylation assay employing primers that are not biased towards non-CpG methylation. Our findings deepen the understanding of γ-secretase regulation and support the hypothesis that epigenetic changes can promote the pathophysiology of AD. Moreover, they suggest that PSEN1 DNA methylation in peripheral blood may provide a biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Monti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgery “P. Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Nicolia
- Department of Surgery “P. Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sigfrido Scarpa
- Department of Surgery “P. Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabor G. Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Neuropathology, Service of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Hospitalet De Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aron M. Troen
- Nutrition and Brain Health Laboratory, the Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and the Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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30
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Villa C, Lavitrano M, Salvatore E, Combi R. Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Recent Insights. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030061. [PMID: 32664352 PMCID: PMC7565667 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly, affecting millions of people worldwide and clinically characterized by a progressive and irreversible cognitive decline. The rapid increase in the incidence of AD highlights the need for an easy, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the disease in its initial stages in order to halt or delay the progression. The currently used diagnostic methods rely on measures of amyloid-β (Aβ), phosphorylated (p-tau) and total tau (t-tau) protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aided by advanced neuroimaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the invasiveness of these procedures and the high cost restrict their utilization. Hence, biomarkers from biological fluids obtained using non-invasive methods and novel neuroimaging approaches provide an attractive alternative for the early diagnosis of AD. Such biomarkers may also be helpful for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, allowing differential diagnosis or at least prolonging the pre-symptomatic stage in patients suffering from AD. Herein, we discuss the advantages and limits of the conventional biomarkers as well as recent promising candidates from alternative body fluids and new imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elena Salvatore
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (R.C.)
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31
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Lee MY, Lee J, Hyeon SJ, Cho H, Hwang YJ, Shin J, McKee AC, Kowall NW, Kim J, Stein TD, Hwang D, Ryu H. Epigenome signatures landscaped by histone H3K9me3 are associated with the synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13153. [PMID: 32419307 PMCID: PMC7294781 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the commonest cause of dementia in the elderly remain incompletely understood. Recently, epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a potential role in neurodegeneration, but the specific involvement of epigenetic signatures landscaped by heterochromatin has not been studied in AD. Herein, we discovered that H3K9me3-mediated heterochromatin condensation is elevated in the cortex of sporadic AD postmortem brains. In order to identify which epigenomes are modulated by heterochromatin, we performed H3K9me3-chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and mRNA-sequencing on postmortem brains from normal subjects and AD patients. The integrated analyses of genome-wide ChIP- and mRNA-sequencing data identified epigenomes that were highly occupied by H3K9me3 and inversely correlated with their mRNA expression levels in AD. Biological network analysis further revealed H3K9me3-landscaped epigenomes to be mainly involved in synaptic transmission, neuronal differentiation, and cell motility. Together, our data show that the abnormal heterochromatin remodeling by H3K9me3 leads to down-regulation of synaptic function-related genes, suggesting that the epigenetic alteration by H3K9me3 is associated with the synaptic pathology of sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junghee Lee
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for NeuromedicineBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyesun Cho
- Genome Medicine Institute and Department of BiochemistrySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yu Jin Hwang
- Center for NeuromedicineBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jong‐Yeon Shin
- Genome Medicine Institute and Department of BiochemistrySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA,Center for the Study of Traumatic EncephalopathyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Jong‐Il Kim
- Genome Medicine Institute and Department of BiochemistrySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University Alzheimer’s Disease CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA,Center for NeuromedicineBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
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32
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Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Neurosci Lett 2020; 726:133807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Schueller E, Paiva I, Blanc F, Wang XL, Cassel JC, Boutillier AL, Bousiges O. Dysregulation of histone acetylation pathways in hippocampus and frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:101-116. [PMID: 32057591 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment is the main feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Initial impairments originate in the temporal lobe area and propagate throughout the brain in a sequential manner. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially histone acetylation, regulate plasticity and memory processes. These may be dismantled during the disease. The aim of this work was to establish changes in the acetylation-associated pathway in two key brain regions affected in AD: the hippocampus and the F2 area of frontal cortex in end-stage AD patients and age-matched controls. We found that the F2 area was more affected than the hippocampus. Indeed, CREB-Binding Protein (CBP), P300/CBP-associated protein (PCAF), Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 (but not HDAC3) levels were strongly decreased in F2 area of AD compared to controls patients, whereas only HDAC1 was decreased and CBP showed a downward trend in the hippocampus. At the histone level, we detected a substantial increase in total (H3 and H2B) histone levels in the frontal cortex, but these were decreased in nuclear extracts, pointing to a dysregulation in histone trafficking/catabolism in this brain region. Histone H3 acetylation levels were increased in cell nuclei mainly in the frontal cortex. These findings provide evidence for acetylation dysfunctions at the level of associated enzymes and of histones in AD brains, which may underlie transcriptional dysregulations and AD-related cognitive impairments. They further point to stronger dysregulations in the F2 area of the frontal cortex than in the hippocampus at an end-stage of the disease, suggesting a differential vulnerability and/or compensatory mechanisms efficiency towards epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Schueller
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto, and CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), and Geriatrics Day Hospital, Geriatrics Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiao-Lan Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg 67000, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Olivier Bousiges
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg 67000, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg, France.
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34
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Faria TC, Maldonado HL, Santos LC, DeLabio R, Payao SLM, Turecki G, Mechawar N, Santana DA, Gigek CO, Lemos B, Smith MAC, Chen ES. Characterization of Cerebellum-Specific Ribosomal DNA Epigenetic Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease: Should the Cerebellum Serve as a Control Tissue After All? Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2563-2571. [PMID: 32232768 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, known as the most common form of dementia. In AD onset, abnormal rRNA expression has been reported to be linked in pathogenesis. Although region-specific expression patterns have previously been reported in AD, it is not until recently that the cerebellum has come under the spotlight. Specifically, it is unclear whether DNA methylation is the mechanism involved in rRNA expression regulation in AD. Hence, we sought to explore the rDNA methylation pattern of two different brain regions - auditory cortex and cerebellum - from AD and age-/sex-matched controls. Our results showed differential hypermethylation at an upstream CpG region to the rDNA promoter when comparing cerebellum controls to auditory cortex controls. This suggests a possible regulatory region from rDNA expression regulation. Moreover, when comparing between AD and control cerebellum samples, we observed hypermethylation of the rDNA promoter region as well as an increase in rDNA content. In addition, we also observed increased rRNA levels in AD compared to control cerebellum. Although still considered a pathology-free brain region, there are growing findings that continue to suggest otherwise. Indeed, cerebellum from AD has been recently described as affected by the disease, presenting a unique pattern of molecular alterations. Given that we observed that increased rDNA promoter methylation did not silence rDNA gene expression, we suggest that rDNA promoter hypermethylation is playing a protective role in rDNA genomic stability and, therefore, increasing rRNA levels in AD cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyane C Faria
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional da UNIFESP/EPM, Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Héctor L Maldonado
- Department of Environmental Health, Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo C Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional da UNIFESP/EPM, Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger DeLabio
- Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dalileia A Santana
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional da UNIFESP/EPM, Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Gigek
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional da UNIFESP/EPM, Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health, Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marilia A C Smith
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional da UNIFESP/EPM, Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S Chen
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional da UNIFESP/EPM, Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Environmental Health, Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Seira O, Wang W, Lee S, Roskams J, Tetzlaff W. HDAC inhibition leads to age-dependent opposite regenerative effect upon PTEN deletion in rubrospinal axons after SCI. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 90:99-109. [PMID: 32171589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes associated with aging have been linked to functional and cognitive deficits in the adult CNS. Histone acetylation is involved in the control of the transcription of plasticity and regeneration-associated genes. The intrinsic axon growth capacity in the CNS is negatively regulated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten). Inhibition of Pten is an effective method to stimulate axon growth following an injury to the optic nerve, corticospinal tract (CST), and rubrospinal tract (RST). Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the deletion of Pten in aged animals diminishes the regenerative capacity in rubrospinal neurons. We hypothesize that changes in the chromatin structure might contribute to this age-associated decline. Here, we assessed whether Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor, reverses the decline in regeneration in aged Ptenf/f mice. We demonstrate that HDAC inhibition induces changes in the expression of GAP43 in both young and aged Ptenf/f mice. The regenerative capacity of the RST did not improve significantly in young mice, neither their motor function on the horizontal ladder or cylinder test after TSA treatment for 7 days. Interestingly, TSA treatment in the aged mice worsened their motor function deficits, suggesting that the systemic treatment with TSA might have an overall adverse effect on motor recovery after SCI in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Seira
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Wenchun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sharon Lee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jane Roskams
- Life Sciences Centre and Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Neurosurgery University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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36
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Carrera I, Martínez O, Cacabelos R. Neuroprotection with Natural Antioxidants and Nutraceuticals in the Context of Brain Cell Degeneration: The Epigenetic Connection. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2999-3011. [PMID: 31789133 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191202155738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive antioxidant agents present in selected plants are known to provide the first line of biological defense against oxidative stress. In particular, soluble vitamin C, E, carotenoids and phenolic compounds have demonstrated crucial biological effects in cells against oxidative damage, preventing prevalent chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The reported wide range of effects that included anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity were studied against degenerative pathologies of the brain. Vitamins and different phytochemicals are important epigenetic modifiers that prevent neurodegeneration. In order to explore the potential antioxidant sources in functional foods and nutraceuticals against neurodegeneration, the present paper aims to show a comprehensive assessment of antioxidant activity at chemical and cellular levels. The effects of the different bioactive compounds available and their antioxidant activity through an epigenetic point of view are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Carrera
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Corunna 15166,Spain
| | - Olaia Martínez
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Corunna 15166,Spain
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Corunna 15166,Spain
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Early sirtuin 2 inhibition prevents age-related cognitive decline in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:347-357. [PMID: 31471557 PMCID: PMC6901465 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) model has been considered as a good model for aged-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since epigenetic alterations represent a crucial mechanism during aging, in the present study we tested whether the inhibition of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) could ameliorate the age-dependent cognitive impairments and associated neuropathology shown by SAMP8 mice. To this end, the potent SIRT2-selective inhibitor, 33i (5 mg/kg i.p. 8 weeks) was administered to 5-month-old (early treatment) and 8-month-old (late treatment) SAMP8 and aged matched control, senescence-accelerated mouse resistant-1 (SAMR1) mice. 33i administration to 5-month-old SAMP8 mice improved spatial learning and memory impairments shown by this strain in the Morris water maze. SAMP8 showed hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and decrease levels of SIRT1 in the hippocampus, which were not altered by 33i treatment. However, this treatment upregulated the glutamate receptor subunits GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluA1 in both SAMR1 and SAMP8. Moreover, early SIRT2 inhibition prevented neuroinflammation evidenced by reduced levels of GFAP, IL-1β, Il-6, and Tnf-α, providing a plausible explanation for the improvement of cognitive deficits shown by 33i-treated SAMP8 mice. When 33i was administered to 8-month-old SAMP8 with a severe established pathology, increases in GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluA1 were observed; however, it was not able to reverse the cognitive decline or the neuroinflammation. These results suggest that early SIRT2 inhibition might be beneficial in preventing age-related cognitive deficits, neuroinflammation, and AD progression and could be an emerging candidate for the treatment of other diseases linked to dementia.
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La Rovere M, Franzago M, Stuppia L. Epigenetics and Neurological Disorders in ART. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174169. [PMID: 31454921 PMCID: PMC6747212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About 1–4% of children are currently generated by Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in developed countries. These babies show only a slightly increased risk of neonatal malformations. However, follow-up studies have suggested a higher susceptibility to multifactorial, adult onset disorders like obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in ART offspring. It has been suggested that these conditions could be the consequence of epigenetic, alterations, due to artificial manipulations of gametes and embryos potentially able to alter epigenetic stability during zygote reprogramming. In the last years, epigenetic alterations have been invoked as a possible cause of increased risk of neurological disorders, but at present the link between epigenetic modifications and long-term effects in terms of neurological diseases in ART children remains unclear, due to the short follow up limiting retrospective studies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about neurological disorders promoted by epigenetics alterations in ART. Based on data currently available, it is possible to conclude that little, if any, evidence of an increased risk of neurological disorders in ART conceived children is provided. Most important, the large majority of reports appears to be limited to epidemiological studies, not providing any experimental evidence about epigenetic modifications responsible for an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina La Rovere
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Aging Center Studies-Translational Medicine (CeSI-Met), "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
- Aging Center Studies-Translational Medicine (CeSI-Met), "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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Tiwari S, Atluri V, Kaushik A, Yndart A, Nair M. Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5541-5554. [PMID: 31410002 PMCID: PMC6650620 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, 47 million people live with dementia globally, and it is estimated to increase more than threefold (~131 million) by 2050. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major causative factors to induce progressive dementia. AD is a neurodegenerative disease, and its pathogenesis has been attributed to extracellular aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated τ-protein in cortical and limbic areas of the human brain. It is characterized by memory loss and progressive neurocognitive dysfunction. The anomalous processing of APP by β-secretases and γ-secretases leads to production of Aβ40 and Aβ42 monomers, which further oligomerize and aggregate into senile plaques. The disease also intensifies through infectious agents like HIV. Additionally, during disease pathogenesis, the presence of high concentrations of Aβ peptides in central nervous system initiates microglial infiltration. Upon coming into vicinity of Aβ, microglia get activated, endocytose Aβ, and contribute toward their clearance via TREM2 surface receptors, simultaneously triggering innate immunoresponse against the aggregation. In addition to a detailed report on causative factors leading to AD, the present review also discusses the current state of the art in AD therapeutics and diagnostics, including labeling and imaging techniques employed as contrast agents for better visualization and sensing of the plaques. The review also points to an urgent need for nanotechnology as an efficient therapeutic strategy to increase the bioavailability of drugs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneham Tiwari
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199, USA
| | - Venkata Atluri
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199, USA
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199, USA
| | - Adriana Yndart
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199, USA
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Candido S, Lupo G, Pennisi M, Basile MS, Anfuso CD, Petralia MC, Gattuso G, Vivarelli S, Spandidos DA, Libra M, Falzone L. The analysis of miRNA expression profiling datasets reveals inverse microRNA patterns in glioblastoma and Alzheimer's disease. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:911-922. [PMID: 31322245 PMCID: PMC6682788 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is recent evidence to indicate the existence of an inverse association between the incidence of neurological disorders and cancer development. Concurrently, the transcriptional pathways responsible for the onset of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been found to be mutually exclusive between the two pathologies. Despite advancements being made concerning the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of GBM and AD, little is known about the identity of the microRNA (miRNAs or miRs) involved in the development and progression of these two pathologies and their possible inverse expression patterns. On these bases, the aim of the present study was to identify a set of miRNAs significantly de-regulated in both GBM and AD, and hence to determine whether the identified miRNAs exhibit an inverse association within the two pathologies. For this purpose, miRNA expression profiling datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets and relative to GBM and AD were used. Once the miRNAs significantly de-regulated in both pathologies were identified, DIANA-mirPath pathway prediction and STRING Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed to establish their functional roles in each of the pathologies. The results allowed the identification of a set of miRNAs found de-regulated in both GBM and AD, whose expression levels were inversely associated in the two pathologies. In particular, a strong negative association was observed between the expression levels of miRNAs in GBM compared to AD, suggesting that although the molecular pathways behind the development of these two pathologies are the same, they appear to be inversely regulated by miRNAs. Despite the identification of this set of miRNAs which may be used for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes, further functional in vitro and in vivo evaluations are warranted in order to validate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the identified miRNAs, as well as their involvement in the development of GBM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria S Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina D Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria C Petralia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
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Márquez F, Yassa MA. Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:21. [PMID: 31174557 PMCID: PMC6555939 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, over five million Americans suffer with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the absence of a cure, this number could increase to 13.8 million by 2050. A critical goal of biomedical research is to establish indicators of AD during the preclinical stage (i.e. biomarkers) allowing for early diagnosis and intervention. Numerous advances have been made in developing biomarkers for AD using neuroimaging approaches. These approaches offer tremendous versatility in terms of targeting distinct age-related and pathophysiological mechanisms such as structural decline (e.g. volumetry, cortical thinning), functional decline (e.g. fMRI activity, network correlations), connectivity decline (e.g. diffusion anisotropy), and pathological aggregates (e.g. amyloid and tau PET). In this review, we survey the state of the literature on neuroimaging approaches to developing novel biomarkers for the amnestic form of AD, with an emphasis on combining approaches into multimodal biomarkers. We also discuss emerging methods including imaging epigenetics, neuroinflammation, and synaptic integrity using PET tracers. Finally, we review the complementary information that neuroimaging biomarkers provide, which highlights the potential utility of composite biomarkers as suitable outcome measures for proof-of-concept clinical trials with experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie Márquez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Yang K, Feng S, Ren J, Zhou W. Upregulation of microRNA-196a improves cognitive impairment and alleviates neuronal damage in hippocampus tissues of Alzheimer's disease through downregulating LRIG3 expression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17811-17821. [PMID: 31119777 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is launched to uncover the inner function of microRNA-196a (miR-196a) on cognitive dysfunction and neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats through regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODS The establishment of AD rat model was performed by a microinjection of Aβ25-35 . miR-196a and LRIG3 expression was detected, and the putative binding site between them was also determined. The spatial learning and memory capability, the hippocampal neurons ultrastructure as well as the survival, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons of rats were observed. The expression of apoptosis-associated protein, oxidative stress index, and inflammatory factors as well as the PI3K/Akt pathway-related factors was determined. RESULTS Initially, decreased miR-196a and increased LRIG3 were exhibited in hippocampus tissues of AD rats. In addition, restored miR-196a and deleted LRIG3 ameliorated spatial learning and memory capability, suppressed the pathological injury, induced the survival, and suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, as well as inhibited oxidative stress injury together with inflammatory injury in AD rats. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-196a activated the PI3/Akt pathway in AD rats. CONCLUSION This current study suggests that upregulation of miR-196a and downregulation of LRIG3 improve cognitive impairment and alleviate neuronal damage in hippocampus tissues in AD rats via the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shutao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Griñán-Ferré C, Corpas R, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Palomera-Ávalos V, Sanfeliu C, Pallàs M. Understanding Epigenetics in the Neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's Disease: SAMP8 Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:943-963. [PMID: 29562529 PMCID: PMC5870033 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is emerging as the missing link among genetic inheritance, environmental influences, and body and brain health status. In the brain, specific changes in nucleic acids or their associated proteins in neurons and glial cells might imprint differential patterns of gene activation that will favor either cognitive enhancement or cognitive loss for more than one generation. Furthermore, derangement of age-related epigenetic signaling is appearing as a significant risk factor for illnesses of aging, including neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, better knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms might provide hints and clues in the triggering and progression of AD. Intense research in experimental models suggests that molecular interventions for modulating epigenetic mechanisms might have therapeutic applications to promote cognitive maintenance through an advanced age. The SAMP8 mouse is a senescence model with AD traits in which the study of epigenetic alterations may unveil epigenetic therapies against the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Palomera-Ávalos
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang F, Chen D, Wu P, Klein C, Jin C. Formaldehyde, Epigenetics, and Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:820-830. [PMID: 30964647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two hallmarks of AD. The β-amyloid and tau proteins have been at the center of AD research and drug development for decades. However, most of the clinical trials targeting β-amyloid have failed. Whereas the safety and efficacy of most tau-targeting drugs have not yet been completely assessed, the first tau aggregation inhibitor, LMTX, failed in a late-stage trial, leading to further recognition of the complexities of AD and reconsideration of the amyloid hypothesis and perhaps the tau hypothesis as well. Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of AD. Formaldehyde (FA) is a widespread environmental organic pollutant. It is also an endogenous metabolite in the human body. Recent studies suggest that elevation of FA in the body by endogenous and/or exogenous exposure may play important roles in AD development. We have demonstrated that FA reduces lysine acetylation of cytosolic histones, thereby compromising chromatin assembly and resulting in the loss of histone content in chromatin, a conserved feature of aging from yeast to humans. Aging is an important factor for AD progression. Therefore, FA-induced inhibition of chromatin assembly and the loss of histones may contribute to AD initiation and/or development. This review will briefly summarize current knowledge on mechanistic insights into AD, focusing on epigenetic alterations and the involvement of FA in AD development. The exploration of chemical exposures as contributing factors to AD may provide new insights into AD mechanisms and could identify potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Public Health , China Medical University , Shenyang 110122 , China
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Mahady L, Nadeem M, Malek-Ahmadi M, Chen K, Perez SE, Mufson EJ. Frontal Cortex Epigenetic Dysregulation During the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:115-131. [PMID: 29439356 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the frontal cortex plays an important role in cognitive function and undergoes neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the factors driving these cellular alterations remain unknown. Recent studies suggest that alterations in epigenetic regulation play a pivotal role in this process in AD. We evaluated frontal cortex histone deacetylase (HDAC) and sirtuin (SIRT) levels in tissue obtained from subjects with a premortem diagnosis of no-cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild to moderate AD (mAD), and severe AD (sAD) using quantitative western blotting. Immunoblots revealed significant increases in HDAC1 and HDAC3 in MCI and mAD, followed by a decrease in sAD compared to NCI. HDAC2 levels remained stable across clinical groups. HDAC4 was significantly increased in MCI and mAD, but not in sAD compared to NCI. HDAC6 significantly increased during disease progression, while SIRT1 decreased in MCI, mAD, and sAD compared to NCI. HDAC1 levels negatively correlated with perceptual speed, while SIRT1 positively correlated with perceptual speed, episodic memory, global cognitive score, and Mini-Mental State Examination. HDAC1 positively, while SIRT1 negatively correlated with cortical neurofibrillary tangle counts. These findings suggest that dysregulation of epigenetic proteins contribute to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline in the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mahady
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Arizona State University Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Cacabelos R, Carril JC, Cacabelos N, Kazantsev AG, Vostrov AV, Corzo L, Cacabelos P, Goldgaber D. Sirtuins in Alzheimer's Disease: SIRT2-Related GenoPhenotypes and Implications for PharmacoEpiGenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051249. [PMID: 30871086 PMCID: PMC6429449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases/ADP ribosyltransferases with important roles in chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, cellular stress response, metabolism and aging. Sirtuins are components of the epigenetic machinery, which is disturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), contributing to AD pathogenesis. There is an association between the SIRT2-C/T genotype (rs10410544) (50.92%) and AD susceptibility in the APOEε4-negative population (SIRT2-C/C, 34.72%; SIRT2-T/T 14.36%). The integration of SIRT2 and APOE variants in bigenic clusters yields 18 haplotypes. The 5 most frequent bigenic genotypes in AD are 33CT (27.81%), 33CC (21.36%), 34CT (15.29%), 34CC (9.76%) and 33TT (7.18%). There is an accumulation of APOE-3/4 and APOE-4/4 carriers in SIRT2-T/T > SIRT2-C/T > SIRT2-C/C carriers, and also of SIRT2-T/T and SIRT2-C/T carriers in patients who harbor the APOE-4/4 genotype. SIRT2 variants influence biochemical, hematological, metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes, and modestly affect the pharmacoepigenetic outcome in AD. SIRT2-C/T carriers are the best responders, SIRT2-T/T carriers show an intermediate pattern, and SIRT2-C/C carriers are the worst responders to a multifactorial treatment. In APOE-SIRT2 bigenic clusters, 33CC carriers respond better than 33TT and 34CT carriers, whereas 24CC and 44CC carriers behave as the worst responders. CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EM) are the best responders, poor metabolizers (PM) are the worst responders, and ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) tend to be better responders that intermediate metabolizers (IM). In association with CYP2D6 genophenotypes, SIRT2-C/T-EMs are the best responders. Some Sirtuin modulators might be potential candidates for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Juan C Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Aleksey G Kazantsev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Alex V Vostrov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Lola Corzo
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Pablo Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Dmitry Goldgaber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Rowe EM, Xing V, Biggar KK. Lysine methylation: Implications in neurodegenerative disease. Brain Res 2019; 1707:164-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Chouliaras L, Lardenoije R, Kenis G, Mastroeni D, Hof PR, van Os J, Steinbusch HW, van Leeuwen FW, Rutten BP, van den Hove DL. Age-related Disturbances in DNA (hydroxy)methylation in APP/PS1 Mice. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:190-202. [PMID: 30746282 PMCID: PMC6368665 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging has been associated with aberrant DNA methylation patterns, and changes in the levels of DNA methylation and associated markers have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. DNA hydroxymethylation, however, has been sparsely investigated in aging and AD. We have previously reported robust decreases in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the hippocampus of AD patients compared to non-demented controls. In the present study, we investigated 3- and 9-month-old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic and wild-type mice for possible age-related alterations in 5-mC and 5-hmC levels in three hippocampal sub-regions using quantitative immunohistochemistry. While age-related increases in levels of both 5-mC and 5-hmC were found in wild-type mice, APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice showed decreased levels of 5-mC at 9 months of age and no age-related changes in 5-hmC throughout the hippocampus. Altogether, these findings suggest that aberrant amyloid processing impact on the balance between DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in the hippocampus during aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Chouliaras
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Current: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeUK
| | - Roy Lardenoije
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Current: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeUK
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Jim van Os
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry W.M. Steinbusch
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Fred W. van Leeuwen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P.F. Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L.A. van den Hove
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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49
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Teijido O, Cacabelos R. Pharmacoepigenomic Interventions as Novel Potential Treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3199. [PMID: 30332838 PMCID: PMC6213964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders affect one billion people around the world and result from a combination of genomic, epigenomic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Diagnosis at late stages of disease progression, limited knowledge of gene biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of the pathology, and conventional compounds based on symptomatic rather than mechanistic features, determine the lack of success of current treatments, including current FDA-approved conventional drugs. The epigenetic approach opens new avenues for the detection of early presymptomatic pathological events that would allow the implementation of novel strategies in order to stop or delay the pathological process. The reversibility and potential restoring of epigenetic aberrations along with their potential use as targets for pharmacological and dietary interventions sited the use of epidrugs as potential novel candidates for successful treatments of multifactorial disorders involving neurodegeneration. This manuscript includes a description of the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms involved in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, as well as the main potential epigenetic-based compounds under investigation for treatment of those disorders and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo 12000, Peru.
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50
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Cao T, Zhou X, Zheng X, Cui Y, Tsien JZ, Li C, Wang H. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Alleviates the Neurodegenerative Phenotypes and Histone Dysregulation in Presenilins-Deficient Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:137. [PMID: 29867447 PMCID: PMC5962686 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation has been shown to play a crucial role in memory formation, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) has been demonstrated to improve memory performance and rescue the neurodegeneration of several Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) mouse models. The forebrain presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 conditional double knockout (cDKO) mice showed memory impairment, forebrain degeneration, tau hyperphosphorylation and inflammation that closely mimics AD-like phenotypes. In this article, we have investigated the effects of systemic administration of NaB on neurodegenerative phenotypes in cDKO mice. We found that chronic NaB treatment significantly restored contextual memory but did not alter cued memory in cDKO mice while such an effect was not permanent after treatment withdrawal. We further revealed that NaB treatment did not rescue reduced synaptic numbers and cortical shrinkage in cDKO mice, but significantly increased the neurogenesis in subgranular zone of dentate gyrus (DG). We also observed that tau hyperphosphorylation and inflammation related protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level were decreased in cDKO mice by NaB. Furthermore, GO and pathway analysis for the RNA-Seq data demonstrated that NaB treatment induced enrichment of transcripts associated with inflammation/immune processes and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. RT-PCR confirmed that NaB treatment inhibited the expression of inflammation related genes such as S100a9 and Ccl4 found upregulated in the brain of cDKO mice. Surprisingly, the level of brain histone acetylation in cDKO mice was dramatically increased and was decreased by the administration of NaB, which may reflect dysregulation of histone acetylation underlying memory impairment in cDKO mice. These results shed some lights on the possible molecular mechanisms of HDAC inhibitor in alleviating the neurodegenerative phenotypes of cDKO mice and provide a promising target for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjie Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Joe Z Tsien
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Chunxia Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center Shanghai, China
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