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Wang Z, Chen J, Ma H, Deng Y, Li Y, Geng L, Huang Y, Fan Y. A novel copper ion enhanced electrochemical DNA biosensor for the determination of epinephrine. Talanta 2024; 276:126274. [PMID: 38788379 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of epinephrine (EP) by immobilizing double-strand DNA (dsDNA) bound with copper ions on a gold electrode (Cu2+/dsDNA/MCH/AuE). The electrochemical behavior of EP at Cu2+/dsDNA/MCH/AuE was examined, and the results demonstrated a significant enhancement in the electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of EP due to the formation of a stable G-Cu(II)-G sandwich structure between Cu2+ and guanine at the modified electrode. The modification process of the electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. A study on the effect of pH in phosphate buffer solution on the electrochemical oxidation of EP indicated that the catalytic oxidation process was pH-dependent. A plot of catalytic current versus EP concentration exhibited a dual-linear relationship within two ranges: 1.0-12.5 μM and 12.5-1000.0 μM, with correlation coefficients of 0.995 and 0.997, respectively. The limit of detection was determined to be 47 nM (S/N = 3). According to the calculated Hill coefficient (0.99), it can be concluded that the electrocatalytic process followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetic mechanism. The maximum catalytic current Im was 25 μA, while the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant Km was 1.425 mM. These findings indicated excellent electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode towards oxidation of EP. The developed biosensor successfully detected EP in spiked mouse serum as well as epinephrine hydrochloride injection with high selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Hua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Yaru Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Yafei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Lijie Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Ningxia Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region & Education Ministry of P.R. China, PR China; Ningxia Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Modern Engineering and Technique Research Center, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
| | - Yanru Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Ningxia Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region & Education Ministry of P.R. China, PR China; Ningxia Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Modern Engineering and Technique Research Center, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
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Rudroff T, Rainio O, Klén R. AI for the prediction of early stages of Alzheimer's disease from neuroimaging biomarkers - A narrative review of a growing field. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07649-8. [PMID: 38866971 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this narrative review are to summarize the current state of AI applications in neuroimaging for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) prediction and to highlight the potential of AI techniques in improving early AD diagnosis, prognosis, and management. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of studies using AI techniques applied to neuroimaging data for early AD prediction. We examined single-modality studies using structural MRI and PET imaging, as well as multi-modality studies integrating multiple neuroimaging techniques and biomarkers. Furthermore, they reviewed longitudinal studies that model AD progression and identify individuals at risk of rapid decline. RESULTS Single-modality studies using structural MRI and PET imaging have demonstrated high accuracy in classifying AD and predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Multi-modality studies, integrating multiple neuroimaging techniques and biomarkers, have shown improved performance and robustness compared to single-modality approaches. Longitudinal studies have highlighted the value of AI in modeling AD progression and identifying individuals at risk of rapid decline. However, challenges remain in data standardization, model interpretability, generalizability, clinical integration, and ethical considerations. CONCLUSION AI techniques applied to neuroimaging data have the potential to improve early AD diagnosis, prognosis, and management. Addressing challenges related to data standardization, model interpretability, generalizability, clinical integration, and ethical considerations is crucial for realizing the full potential of AI in AD research and clinical practice. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and regulatory agencies are needed to develop reliable, robust, and ethical AI tools that can benefit AD patients and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Rudroff
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Oona Rainio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Fernandes SM, Mendes AJ, Rodrigues PF, Conde A, Rocha M, Leite J. Efficacy and safety of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in memory deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100452. [PMID: 38444886 PMCID: PMC10914562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are two of the most used non-pharmacological interventions for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, most of the clinical trials have focused on evaluating the effects on global cognition and not on specific cognitive functions. Therefore, considering that memory loss is one of the hallmark symptoms of AD, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of tDCS and rTMS in memory deficits. For that, multilevel random effect models were performed considering the standardized mean difference (SMD) between active and sham stimulation. A total of 19 studies with 411 participants demonstrated positive effects in memory after tDCS (SMD=0.20, p = 0.04) and rTMS (SMD=0.44, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that tDCS had greater efficacy when administered in temporal regions (SMD=0.32, p = 0.04), whereas rTMS was superior when applied in frontal regions (SMD=0.61, p < 0.001). Therefore, depending on the brain region of stimulation, both interventions produced a positive effect on memory symptoms in AD patients. Finally, the safety of both techniques was observed in the AD population after the reporting of almost no serious events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Fernandes
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto J. Mendes
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ana Conde
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Magda Rocha
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Brain@Loop Lab
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4
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Mieling M, Meier H, Bunzeck N. Structural degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease - Evidence from an MRI-based meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105393. [PMID: 37717861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that neuropathological changes of the medial temporal lobe, especially entorhinal cortex, are preceded by degenerations of the cholinergic Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM). Evidence from imaging studies in humans, however, is limited. Therefore, we performed an activation-likelihood estimation meta-analysis on whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) MRI data from 54 experiments and 2581 subjects in total. It revealed, compared to healthy older controls, reduced gray matter in the bilateral NbM in AD, but only limited evidence for such an effect in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which typically precedes AD. Both patient groups showed less gray matter in the amygdala and hippocampus, with hints towards more pronounced amygdala effects in AD. We discuss our findings in the context of studies that highlight the importance of the cholinergic basal forebrain in learning and memory throughout the lifespan, and conclude that they are partly compatible with pathological staging models suggesting initial and pronounced structural degenerations within the NbM in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Mieling
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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5
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Karaca O, Tepe N, Ozcan E. Evaluation of volumetric asymmetry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease using the atlas-based method. Neuroreport 2023; 34:592-597. [PMID: 37384935 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain areas affected during neurodegenerative disease progression are considered anatomically connected to the first affected areas. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has connections with the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which includes regions that become atrophic in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the degree of volumetric asymmetry of DLPFC and MTL structures. This is a cross-sectional volumetric study involving 25 Alzheimer's disease patients and 25 healthy adults who underwent MRI with a 3D turbo spin echo sequence at 1.5 Tesla. The atlas-based method incorporated MRIStudio software to automatically measure the volume of brain structures. We compared the asymmetry index and volumetric changes across study groups and correlated them with Mini-Mental State Examination scores. We observed significant volumetric rightward lateralization in the DLPFC and superior frontal gyrus in Alzheimer's disease patients compared to the healthy controls. There was a significant volume loss in the MTL structures of Alzheimer's disease patients. Atrophy of MTL structures was positively correlated with right DLPFC volume changes in Alzheimer's disease patients. Volumetric asymmetry of the DLPFC may be a characteristic for determining disease progression in Alzheimer's disease patients. Future studies are recommended to evaluate whether these volumetric asymmetrical changes are specific to Alzheimer's disease and whether asymmetry measurements can serve as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nermin Tepe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
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6
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Almeida J, Martins AR, Amaral L, Valério D, Bukhari Q, Schu G, Nogueira J, Spínola M, Soleimani G, Fernandes F, Silva AR, Fregni F, Simis M, Simões M, Peres A. The cerebellum is causally involved in episodic memory under aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:2267-2287. [PMID: 36749471 PMCID: PMC10651631 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory decline is a major signature of both normal and pathological aging. Many neural regions have been implicated in the processes subserving both episodic memory and typical aging decline. Here, we demonstrate that the cerebellum is causally involved episodic memory under aging. We show that a 12-day neurostimulation program delivered to the right cerebellum led to improvements in episodic memory performance under healthy aging that long outlast the stimulation period - healthy elderly individuals show episodic memory improvement both immediately after the intervention program and in a 4-month follow-up. These results demonstrate the causal relevance of the cerebellum in processes associated with long-term episodic memory, potentially highlighting its role in regulating and maintaining cognitive processing. Moreover, they point to the importance of non-pharmacological interventions that prevent or diminish cognitive decline in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Lab, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana R Martins
- Proaction Lab, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lénia Amaral
- Proaction Lab, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA
| | - Daniela Valério
- Proaction Lab, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Qasim Bukhari
- Proaction Lab, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Schu
- Proaction Lab, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Nogueira
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Spínola
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- NOVA LINCS, University of Madeira, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Ana R Silva
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcel Simis
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Simões
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Peres
- Proaction Lab, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Dhungana A, Becchi S, Leake J, Morris G, Avgan N, Balleine BW, Vissel B, Bradfield LA. Goal-Directed Action Is Initially Impaired in a hAPP-J20 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0363-22.2023. [PMID: 36650070 PMCID: PMC9927544 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0363-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral testing in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease has failed to capture deficits in goal-directed action control. Here, we provide the first comprehensive investigation of goal-directed action in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, we tested outcome devaluation performance in male and female human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP)-J20 mice. Mice were first trained to press left and right levers for pellet and sucrose outcomes, respectively (counterbalanced), over 4 d. On test, mice were prefed one of the outcomes to satiety and given a choice between levers. Devaluation performance was intact for 36-week-old wild-types of both sexes, who responded more on the valued relative to the devalued lever (Valued > Devalued). By contrast, devaluation was impaired (Valued = Devalued) for J20 mice of both sexes, and for 52-week-old male mice regardless of genotype. After additional lever press training (i.e., 8-d lever pressing in total), devaluation was intact for all mice, demonstrating that the initial deficits were not a result of a nonspecific impairment in reward processing, depression, or locomotor activity in J20 or aging mice. Follow-up analyses revealed that microglial expression in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus was associated with poorer outcome devaluation performance on initial, but not later tests. Together, these data demonstrate that goal-directed action is initially impaired in J20 mice of both sexes and in aging male mice regardless of genotype, and that this impairment is related to neuroinflammation in the dorsal CA1 hippocampal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amolika Dhungana
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Serena Becchi
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Leake
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gary Morris
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Nesli Avgan
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Bernard W Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Medicine & Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Laura A Bradfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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8
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Grønli OK, Daae Rasmussen I, Aslaksen PM, Bystad M. A four-month home-based tDCS study on patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase 2022; 28:276-282. [PMID: 35852094 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present open-label study, our first aim was to study the tolerability and feasibility of long-term treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the second aim was to measure whether the treatment led to cognitive improvement. Participants with AD used a tDCS home-treatment kit inducing a low current (2 mA) via two scalp electrodes 30 minutes daily for 4 months. A total of 8 participants were recruited. The treatment technique was manageable for the participants and their spouses, and no troublesome side effects were reported. No significant effects of treatment were found after 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole K Grønli
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingrid Daae Rasmussen
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per M Aslaksen
- Department of Psychology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Bystad
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Ma J, Ma LY, Man F, Zhang G. Association of Homocysteine Levels With Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy Among Carriers and Non-carriers of APOE ε4 in MCI Subjects. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:823605. [PMID: 35492717 PMCID: PMC9039208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.823605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different clinical subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) involve heterogeneous underlying etiologies. This study investigated the association between demographics, neuropsychological performance, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in patients with MCI (amnestic [aMCI] and non-amnestic [naMCI]). Methods This case-control study included 130 aMCI patients, 58 naMCI patients, and 1,106 healthy controls (HCs). APOE genotypes, medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), neurological evaluation results, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were investigated. Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and plasma hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy) was assessed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method. Results Serum folate levels were significantly lower, but plasma Hcy levels were higher, in patients with aMCI and naMCI than in healthy controls. There were significantly higher MTA scores in the aMCI group than the healthy control group. Multiple linear regression showed that serum Hcy and folate concentrations were positively associated with MTA (p < 0.05), while APOE4 showed a significant negative association with MTA in the aMCI group (p < 0.01). In addition, moderate/severe WMH showed a significant negative association with MTA in the naMCI and HC groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion The combined presence of APOE4 and Hcy is associated with aMCI in elderly individuals, while moderate/severe WMH is related to naMCI, which suggests etiological differences across MCI subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Yun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - FengYuan Man
- Department of Radiology, PLA Rocket Army Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Snytte J, Fenerci C, Rajagopal S, Beaudoin C, Hooper K, Sheldon S, Olsen RK, Rajah MN. Volume of the posterior hippocampus mediates age-related differences in spatial context memory and is correlated with increased activity in lateral frontal, parietal and occipital regions in healthy aging. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119164. [PMID: 35381338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with episodic memory decline, particularly in the ability to encode and retrieve object-context associations (context memory). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have highlighted the importance of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in supporting episodic memory across the lifespan. However, given the functional heterogeneity of the MTL, volumetric declines in distinct regions may impact performance on specific episodic memory tasks, and affect the function of the large-scale neurocognitive networks supporting episodic memory encoding and retrieval. In the current study, we investigated how MTL structure may mediate age-related differences in performance on spatial and temporal context memory tasks, in a sample of 125 healthy adults aged 19-76 years old. Standard T1-weighted MRIs were segmented into the perirhinal, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, as well as the anterior and posterior hippocampal subregions. We observed negative linear and quadratic associations between age and volume of the parahippocampal cortex, and anterior and posterior hippocampal subregions. We also found that volume of the posterior hippocampus fully mediated the association between age and spatial, but not temporal context memory performance. Further, we employed a multivariate behavior partial-least-squares analysis to assess how age and regional MTL volumes correlated with brain activity during the encoding and retrieval of spatial context memories. We found that greater activity within lateral prefrontal, parietal, and occipital regions, as well as within the anterior MTL was related to older age and smaller volume of the posterior hippocampus. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of MTL contributions to episodic memory across the lifespan and provide support for the posterior-anterior shift in aging, and scaffolding theory of aging and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Snytte
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Can Fenerci
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Camille Beaudoin
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Kiera Hooper
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Room 2114, CIC Pavilion, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Verdun, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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11
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Emran MY, El‐Safty SA, Elmarakbi A, Reda A, El Sabagh A, Shenashen MA. Chipset Nanosensor Based on N‐Doped Carbon Nanobuds for Selective Screening of Epinephrine in Human Samples. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2022; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/admi.202101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChipset nanosensor design and fabrication are important for healthcare research and development. Herein, a functionalized chipset nanosensor is designed to monitor neurotransmitters (i.e., epinephrine (EP)) in human fluids. An interdigitated electrode array (IDA) is functionalized by N‐doped carbon nanobud (N‐CNB) and N‐doped carbon nanostructure (N‐CNS). The surface morphology of N‐CNB shows the formation of nanotubular‐like branches on sheets and micrometer‐size tubes. The N‐CNS design consists of the formation of aggregated sheets and particles in nanometer size. The irregular shape formation provides surface heterogeneity and numerous free spaces between the stacked nanostructures. N‐atoms ascertain highly active N‐CNS with multifunctional active centers, electron‐rich charged surface, and short distance pathway. The N‐CNB/IDA exhibits the best performance for EP signaling with high sensitivity and selectivity. The N‐CNB/IDA sensing performance for EP detection indicates the successful design of a highly selective and sensitive assay with low detection limit of 0.011 × 10−6 m and a broad linear range of 0.5 × 10−6 to 3 × 10−6 m. The N‐CNB/IDA exhibits a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility with RSD of 2.7% and 3.9%, respectively. Therefore, the chipset nanosensor of N‐CNB/IDA can be used for on‐site monitoring of EP in human serum samples and further used in daily monitoring of neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y. Emran
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Research Center for Functional Materials 1‐2‐1 Sengen Tsukuba‐shi Ibaraki‐ken 305‐0047 Japan
| | - Sherif A. El‐Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Research Center for Functional Materials 1‐2‐1 Sengen Tsukuba‐shi Ibaraki‐ken 305‐0047 Japan
| | - Ahmed Elmarakbi
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Abduallah Reda
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Research Center for Functional Materials 1‐2‐1 Sengen Tsukuba‐shi Ibaraki‐ken 305‐0047 Japan
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops Faculty of Agriculture Siirt University Siirt 56100 Turkey
| | - Mohamed A. Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Research Center for Functional Materials 1‐2‐1 Sengen Tsukuba‐shi Ibaraki‐ken 305‐0047 Japan
- Department of Petrochemical Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) Nasr City Cairo 11727 Egypt
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12
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The central executive network and executive function in healthy and persons with schizophrenia groups: a meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:1451-1464. [PMID: 34775552 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluated the extent to which executive function can be understood with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Studies included structural in schizophrenia (k = 8; n = 241) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 1660), and functional in schizophrenia (k = 4; n = 104) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 712). Results revealed a positive association in the brain behavior relationship when pooled across schizophrenia and control samples for structural (pr = 0.27) and functional (pr = 0.29) modalities. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference for functional neuroimaging (pr = .43, 95%CI = -.08-.77, p = .088) but with structural neuroimaging (pr = .37, 95%CI = -.08-.69, p = .015) the association to executive functions is lower in the control group. Subgroup analyses also revealed no significant differences in the strength of the brain-behavior relationship in the schizophrenia group (pr = .59, 95%CI = .58-.61, p = .881) or the control group (pr = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.18-0.19, p = 0.920), suggesting concordance.
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13
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Moradbeygi K, Parviz M, Rezaeizadeh H, Zargaran A, Sahraian MA, Mehrabadi S, Nikbakhtzadeh M, Zahedi E. Anti-LINGO-1 improved remyelination and neurobehavioral deficit in cuprizone-induced demyelination. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:900-907. [PMID: 34712419 PMCID: PMC8528247 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.53531.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Central nervous system demyelination is the main feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). The most important unmet need in MS is use of treatments that delay the progression of the disease. Leucine-rich repeat and Immunoglobulin-like domain containing NOGO receptor-interacting protein 1(LINGO-1) have been known as inhibitors of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Materials and Methods: We investigated LINGO-1 antibody effects on remyelination and neurobehavioral deficit using cuprizone-induced demyelination. Animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): (1) Control group; received the regular diet, (2) CPZ group; normal saline was injected intraperitoneally, and (3) Treatment group; LINGO-1 antibody (10 mg/kg) was injected IP once every six days for 3 weeks. We assessed the level of myelin basic protein (MBP), neurofilament heavy chain (NF200), and Brain-derived neuroprotective factor (BDNF) in the corpus callosum (CC) by immunostaining against MBP, NF200, and BDNF. Results: We found decreased levels of MBP, NF200, and BDNF in demyelinated CC, and anti-LINGO-1 treatment improved demyelinated structures. Furthermore, motor impairment was measured by Open-field (OFT) and Balance beam tests. In the treatment group, motor impairment was significantly improved. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that LINGO-1 antibody can improve remyelination and neurobehavioral deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Moradbeygi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Parviz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Zargaran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, MS Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Mehrabadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zahedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Lee ES, Youn H, Hyung WSW, Suh S, Han CE, Eo JS, Jeong HG. The effects of cerebral amyloidopathy on regional glucose metabolism in older adults with depression and mild cognitive impairment while performing memory tasks. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6663-6672. [PMID: 34528336 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Co-occurring depression and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults are important because they have a high risk of conversion to dementia. In the present study, task-related F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was used to analyse older adults with concomitant depression and MCI. We recruited 20 older adults with simultaneous depression and MCI and 10 older adults with normal cognition (NC). The Verbal Paired Associates test and digit span test were used for the task-related FDG-PET. The 20 older adults with depression and MCI were classified into two groups based on the F-18 florbetaben PET results: depressed MCI patients with (LLD-MCI-A[+]; n = 11) and without amyloid accumulation (LLD-MCI-A[-]; n = 9). Reduced regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMglc) in the left superior frontal region was observed in the LLD-MCI-A(-) group compared with the NC group. Analyses of the NC and LLD-MCI-A(+) groups showed significantly decreased rCMglc in the right inferior parietal and left middle frontal regions in the LLD-MCI-A(+) group. rCMglc in the left precuneus was lower in the LLD-MCI-A(+) group than in the LLD-MCI-A(-) group. Significant correlations between the rCMglc in the right inferior parietal/left precuneus regions and memory task scores were observed based on correlation analyses of NC and LLD-MCI-A(+) groups. The findings in the present study indicate the presence of amyloid accumulation influences glucose metabolism in depressed elderly subjects with MCI while performing cognitive tasks. Task-related FDG-PET examinations may help differentiate MCI associated with depression from comorbid depression in patients with prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HyunChul Youn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | | | - Sangil Suh
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol E Han
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jae Seon Eo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea University Research Institute of Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Jobin B, Boller B, Frasnelli J. Volumetry of Olfactory Structures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1010. [PMID: 34439629 PMCID: PMC8393728 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory decline is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is a predictor of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Olfactory decline could reflect AD-related atrophy of structures related to the sense of smell. The aim of this study was to verify whether the presence of a clinical diagnosis of AD or MCI is associated with a volumetric decrease in the olfactory bulbs (OB) and the primary olfactory cortex (POC). We conducted two systematic reviews, one for each region and a meta-analysis. We collected articles from PsychNet, PubMed, Ebsco, and ProQuest databases. Results showed large and heterogeneous effects indicating smaller OB volumes in patients with AD (k = 6, g = -1.21, 95% CI [-2.19, -0.44]) and in patients with MCI compared to controls. There is also a trend for smaller POC in patients with AD or MCI compared to controls. Neuroanatomical structures involved in olfactory processing are smaller in AD and these volumetric reductions could be measured as early as the MCI stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jobin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
- Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
- Research Centre of the CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
- Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Centre of the CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada;
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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16
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Emran MY, Shenashen MA, El-Safty SA, Reda A, Selim MM. Microporous P-doped carbon spheres sensory electrode for voltammetry and amperometry adrenaline screening in human fluids. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:138. [PMID: 33772377 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor-based phosphorus-doped microporous carbon spheroidal structures (P-MCSs) has been designed for selective adrenaline (ADR) signaling in human blood serum. The P-MCS electrode sensor is built with heterogeneous surface alignments including multiple porous sizes with open holes and meso-/macro-grooves, rough surface curvatures, and integral morphology with interconnected and conjugated microspheres. In addition, the P atom-doped graphitic carbon forms highly active centers, increases charge mobility on the electrode surface, creates abundant active centers with facile functionalization, and induces binding to ADR molecules. The designed P-MCS electrode exhibits ultrasensitive monitoring of ADR with a low detection limit of 0.002 μM and high sensitivity of 4330 μA μM-1 cm-2. In addition, two electrochemical techniques, namely, square wave voltammetry (SWV) and chronoamperometry (CA), were used; these techniques achieve high stability, fast response, and a wide linear range from 0.01 to 6 μM. The sensing assays based on P-MCSs provide evidence of the formation of active interfacial surface-to-ADR binding sites, high electron diffusion, and heavy target loads along with/without a plane of spheroids. Thus, P-MCSs can be used for the routine monitoring of ADR in human blood serum, providing a fast response, and requiring highly economical materials at extremely low concentrations. Electrode surface modulation based on P-doped carbon spheres (P-MCS) exhibits high electrochemical activity with fast charge transport, multi-diffusible active centers, high loading of ADR, and facile molecular/electron diffusion at its surface. The P-MCS sensitively and selectively detects the ADR in human fluids and can be used for clinical investigation of some neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y Emran
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shenashen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Sherif A El-Safty
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Abdullah Reda
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Mahmoud M Selim
- Al-Aflaj College of Science and Human Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Cao Q, Wang W, Williams JB, Yang F, Wang ZJ, Yan Z. Targeting histone K4 trimethylation for treatment of cognitive and synaptic deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabc8096. [PMID: 33298440 PMCID: PMC7725456 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic aberration is implicated in aging and neurodegeneration. Using postmortem tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD mouse models, we have found that the permissive histone mark H3K4me3 and its catalyzing enzymes are significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Inhibiting H3K4-specific methyltransferases with the compound WDR5-0103 leads to the substantial recovery of PFC synaptic function and memory-related behaviors in AD mice. Among the up-regulated genes reversed by WDR5-0103 treatment in PFC of AD mice, many have the increased H3K4me3 enrichment at their promoters. One of the identified top-ranking target genes, Sgk1, which encodes serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1, is also significantly elevated in PFC of patients with AD. Administration of a specific Sgk1 inhibitor reduces hyperphosphorylated tau protein, restores PFC glutamatergic synaptic function, and ameliorates memory deficits in AD mice. These results have found a novel epigenetic mechanism and a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jamal B Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fengwei Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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18
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Kormas C, Zalonis I, Evdokimidis I, Kapaki E, Potagas C. Face-Name Associative Memory Performance Among Cognitively Healthy Individuals, Individuals With Subjective Memory Complaints, and Patients With a Diagnosis of aMCI. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2173. [PMID: 33041886 PMCID: PMC7517892 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Kormas
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zalonis
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Evdokimidis
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin Potagas
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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19
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A Pilot Study Comparing Effects of Bifrontal Versus Bitemporal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease. J ECT 2020; 36:211-215. [PMID: 31790015 PMCID: PMC7447169 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can enhance aspects of memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD), there has been wide variability in both the placement of tDCS electrodes and treatment response. This study compared the effects of bifrontal (anodal stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices), bitemporal (anodal stimulation over the temporal cortices), and sham tDCS on cognitive performance in MCI and AD. METHODS Seventeen patients diagnosed with MCI or mild AD received 3 sessions of anodal tDCS (bifrontal, bitemporal, 2 mA for 20 minutes; and sham) in random order. Sessions were separated by 1 week. The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Word Recognition Task, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Word Recall Task, 2-back, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were used to assess cognition. RESULTS There was a significant effect of stimulation condition on 2-back accuracy (F2,28 = 5.28 P = 0.01, ηp = 0.27), with greater improvements following bitemporal tDCS compared with both bifrontal and sham stimulations. There were no significant changes on other outcome measures following any stimulation. Adverse effects from stimulation were mild and temporary. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that improvements in specific memory tasks can be safely achieved after a single session of bitemporal tDCS in MCI and mild AD patients.
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20
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McKinney WS, Bartolotti J, Khemani P, Wang JY, Hagerman RJ, Mosconi MW. Cerebellar-cortical function and connectivity during sensorimotor behavior in aging FMR1 gene premutation carriers. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102332. [PMID: 32711390 PMCID: PMC7381687 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
FMR1 premutation carriers show increased variability in motor control. Premutation carriers show reduced extrastriate activation during motor behavior. Premutation carriers show reduced extrastriate-cerebellar functional connectivity. Reduced extrastriate-cerebellar functional connectivity is related to motor issues.
Introduction Premutation carriers of the FMR1 gene are at risk of developing fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric decline as well as cerebellar and cerebral white matter pathology. Several studies have documented preclinical sensorimotor issues in aging premutation carriers, but the extent to which sensorimotor brain systems are affected and may represent early indicators of atypical neurodegeneration has not been determined. Materials and methods Eighteen healthy controls and 16 FMR1 premutation carriers (including five with possible, probable, or definite FXTAS) group-matched on age, sex, and handedness completed a visually guided precision gripping task with their right hand during fMRI. During the test, they used a modified pinch grip to press at 60% of their maximum force against a custom fiber-optic transducer. Participants viewed a horizontal white force bar that moved upward with increased force and downward with decreased force and a static target bar that was red during rest and turned green to cue the participant to begin pressing at the beginning of each trial. Participants were instructed to press so that the white force bar stayed as steady as possible at the level of the green target bar. Trials were 2-sec in duration and alternated with 2-sec rest periods. Five 24-sec blocks consisting of six trials were presented. Participants’ reaction time, the accuracy of their force relative to the target force, and the variability of their force accuracy across trials were examined. BOLD signal change and task-based functional connectivity (FC) were examined during force vs. rest. Results Relative to healthy controls, premutation carriers showed increased trial-to-trial variability of force output, though this was specific to younger premutation carriers in our sample. Relative to healthy controls, premutation carriers also showed reduced extrastriate activation during force relative to rest. FC between ipsilateral cerebellar Crus I and extrastriate cortex was reduced in premutation carriers compared to controls. Reduced Crus I-extrastriate FC was related to increased force accuracy variability in premutation carriers. Increased reaction time was associated with more severe clinically rated neurological abnormalities. Conclusions Findings of reduced activation in extrastriate cortex and reduced Crus I-extrastriate FC implicate deficient visual feedback processing and reduced cerebellar modulation of corrective motor commands. Our results are consistent with documented cerebellar pathology and visual-spatial processing in FXTAS and pre-symptomatic premutation carriers, and suggest FC alterations of cerebellar-cortical networks during sensorimotor behavior may represent a “prodromal” feature associated with FXTAS degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker S McKinney
- Life Span Institute and Kansas Center for Autism Research and Training (K-CART), Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - James Bartolotti
- Life Span Institute and Kansas Center for Autism Research and Training (K-CART), Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Pravin Khemani
- Department of Neurology, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 550 17th Avenue, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | - Jun Yi Wang
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 2825 50th St., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Matthew W Mosconi
- Life Span Institute and Kansas Center for Autism Research and Training (K-CART), Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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21
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Wu X, Wu Y, Geng Z, Zhou S, Wei L, Ji GJ, Tian Y, Wang K. Asymmetric Differences in the Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connections of the Amygdala Are Associated With Clinical Manifestations of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:602. [PMID: 32670008 PMCID: PMC7332559 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Asymmetry is a subtle but pervasive aspect of the human brain, which may be altered in several neuropsychiatric conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported that cerebral structural asymmetries are altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but most of these studies were conducted at the region-of-interest level. At the functional level, there are few reports of resting-state functional asymmetries based on functional MRI. In this study, we investigated lateral differences in structural volumes and strengths of functional connectivity between individuals with AD and healthy controls (HCs) at the voxel level. Methods Forty-eight patients with AD and 32 matched HCs were assessed. An analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of gray matter volume was performed at the whole-brain level to explore anatomical cerebral asymmetries in AD. We then performed a seed-to-whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis to reveal FC asymmetries in AD. An asymmetry index (AI) was used to measure these changes, and the relationship between the structural and functional AIs and the clinical symptoms of AD was explored. Results A VBM analysis revealed a rightward and a leftward lateralization in the amygdala and the thalamus, respectively, in patients with AD. FC between the amygdala and the precuneus showed a rightward lateralization in AD, which was the opposite of the lateralization in the HCs. The asymmetric changes in structure and function were associated with disease severity and functional impairment in AD. Conclusion Our study highlights the value of considering asymmetries in the amygdala and the thalamus in clinical evaluations and their relevance to clinical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Gong-Jun Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Wu Y, Wu X, Wei Q, Wang K, Tian Y. Differences in Cerebral Structure Associated With Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:107. [PMID: 32477094 PMCID: PMC7236549 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by global deterioration in multiple cognitive domains. In addition to cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms are common issues that trouble AD patients. The neuroanatomical basis of depressive symptoms in AD patients has yet to be elucidated. Method: Twenty AD patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the present study. Depressive symptoms in AD patients and HCs were assessed according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Anatomical structural differences were assessed between AD patients and HCs using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM). Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between depressive symptoms and structural altered regions. Multiple pattern analysis using linear support vector machine (SVM) was performed in another independent cohort, which was collected from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data and contained 20 AD patients and 20 HCs, to distinguish AD patients from HCs. Results: Compared with HCs, AD patients exhibited global cerebral atrophy in gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness, including frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobes. In addition, insular GMV was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, SVM-based classification achieved an accuracy of 77.5%, a sensitivity of 70%, and a specificity of 85% by leave-one-out cross-validation. Conclusion: GMV of the insula displayed atrophy among AD patients, which is associated with depressive symptoms. Our observations provide a potential neural substrate for analysis to examine the co-occurrence of AD with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Xingqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
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23
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Núñez C, Callén A, Lombardini F, Compta Y, Stephan-Otto C. Different Cortical Gyrification Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease and Impact on Memory Performance. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:67-80. [PMID: 32277502 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study of cortical gyrification in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could help to further understanding of the changes undergone in the brain during neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed to study brain gyrification differences between healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and AD patients, and explore how cerebral gyrification patterns were associated with memory and other cognitive functions. METHODS We applied surface-based morphometry techniques in 2 large, independent cross-sectional samples, obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative project. Both samples, encompassing a total of 1,270 participants, were analyzed independently. RESULTS Unexpectedly, we found that AD patients presented a more gyrificated entorhinal cortex than HC. Conversely, the insular cortex of AD patients was hypogyrificated. A decrease in the gyrification of the insular cortex was also found in older HC participants as compared with younger HC, which argues against the specificity of this finding in AD. However, an increased degree of folding of the insular cortex was specifically associated with better memory function and semantic fluency, only in AD patients. Overall, MCI patients presented an intermediate gyrification pattern. All these findings were consistently observed in the two samples. INTERPRETATION The marked atrophy of the medial temporal lobe observed in AD patients may explain the increased folding of the entorhinal cortex. We additionally speculate regarding alternative mechanisms that may also alter its folding. The association between increased gyrification of the insular cortex and memory function, specifically observed in AD, could be suggestive of compensatory mechanisms to overcome the loss of memory function. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:67-80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Núñez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Callén
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Lombardini
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & Maria de Maeztu Excellence Center Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Stephan-Otto
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Solis E, Hascup KN, Hascup ER. Alzheimer's Disease: The Link Between Amyloid-β and Neurovascular Dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:1179-1198. [PMID: 32597813 PMCID: PMC7483596 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While prevailing evidence supports that the amyloid cascade hypothesis is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, many recent studies indicate that the vascular system is also a major contributor to disease progression. Vascular dysfunction and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) occur prior to the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Although research has predominantly focused on the cellular processes involved with Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration, effects of Aβ on CBF and neurovascular coupling are becoming more evident. This review will describe AD vascular disturbances as they relate to Aβ, including chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, hypertension, altered neurovascular coupling, and deterioration of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, we will describe recent findings about the relationship between these vascular defects and Aβ accumulation with emphasis on in vivo studies utilizing rodent AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Solis
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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25
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Li Y, Yao Z, Yang Y, Zhao F, Fu Y, Zou Y, Hu B. A Study on PHF-Tau Network Effected by Apolipoprotein E4. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520971414. [PMID: 33258666 PMCID: PMC10623995 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520971414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E 4 Allele (APOE 4) is an important factors in Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease(AD). It plays a primary role in abnormal modification of aggregated Tau protein-paired helical filaments Tau (PHF-Tau). In this study, 143 subjects with PHF-Tau PET were divided into 2 groups (APOE 4 carriers and noncarriers). The measurements of the PHF-Tau network properties and resilient were calculated for 2 group networks respectively. APOE 4 carriers group showed significant differences in all the network properties in the results. We also found significant differences of betweenness centrality in some brain regions for APOE 4 carriers. Moreover, the APOE 4 carriers showed less resilient to targeted or random node failure. Our results indicated that the effects of APOE 4 may lead to abnormalities of PHF-Tau protein network. These findings may be particularly helpful in uncovering the pathophysiology underlying the cognitive dysfunction in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhengjiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Information Engineering, Yantai Vocational College, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Andrés P, Vico H, Yáñez A, Siquier A, Ferrer GA. Quantifying memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:108-114. [PMID: 30723774 PMCID: PMC6351432 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present study, we use the item-specific deficit approach (ISDA), a method for characterizing memory deficits in list-learning, to portray the memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS We applied the ISDA to compare memory performance of patients with aMCI and healthy controls in encoding, consolidation, and retrieval using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. RESULTS The results revealed clear differences in recall performance between patients with aMCI and controls. When analyzing the ISDA deficit indices, the results revealed a prominent encoding deficit, followed by a consolidating deficit. A greater sensitivity for the encoding index confirmed that a difficulty with encoding information plays a major role in explaining the episodic memory deficits experienced by patients with aMCI. DISCUSSION The present study applying the ISDA reveals great sensitivity and specificity of the encoding deficit index when identifying aMCI. As aMCI constitutes a risk factor to develop Alzheimer's disease, the current findings also confirm the need to concentrate on encoding deficits as an early diagnostic sign of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Andrés
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences and Balearic Health Research Institute and IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Helena Vico
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences and Balearic Health Research Institute and IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- Valencia University Clinic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Dr Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aina Yáñez
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences and Balearic Health Research Institute and IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy and Infirmary, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Antònia Siquier
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Research Institute on Health Sciences and Balearic Health Research Institute and IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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27
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Aguirre N, Costumero V, Marin-Marin L, Escudero J, Belloch V, Parcet MA, Ávila C. Activity in Memory Brain Networks During Encoding Differentiates Mild Cognitive Impairment Converters from Non-Converters. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:1049-1061. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Aguirre
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Víctor Costumero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidón Marin-Marin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Joaquín Escudero
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Antonia Parcet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - César Ávila
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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28
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Combined Use of MRI, fMRIand Cognitive Data for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preliminary Results. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9153156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MRI can favor clinical diagnosis providing morphological and functional information of several neurological disorders. This paper deals with the problem of exploiting both data, in a combined way, to develop a tool able to support clinicians in the study and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this work, 69 subjects from the ADNI open database, 33 AD patients and 36 healthy controls, were analyzed. The possible existence of a relationship between brain structure modifications and altered functions between patients and healthy controls was investigated performing a correlation analysis on brain volume, calculated from the MRI image, the clustering coefficient, derived from fRMI acquisitions, and the Mini Mental Score Examination (MMSE). A statistically-significant correlation was found only in four ROIs after Bonferroni’s correction. The correlation analysis alone was still not sufficient to provide a reliable and powerful clinical tool in AD diagnosis however. Therefore, a machine learning strategy was studied by training a set of support vector machine classifiers comparing different features. The use of a unimodal approach led to unsatisfactory results, whereas the multimodal approach, i.e., the synergistic combination of MRI, fMRI, and MMSE features, resulted in an accuracy of 95.65%, a specificity of 97.22%, and a sensibility of 93.93%.
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29
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Cognitive Function in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:170-178. [DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang M. An Electrochemiluminescent Sensor for Epinephrine Detection Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheet/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanohybrids. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Minli Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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31
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Zheng Y, Liu A, Wang ZJ, Cao Q, Wang W, Lin L, Ma K, Zhang F, Wei J, Matas E, Cheng J, Chen GJ, Wang X, Yan Z. Inhibition of EHMT1/2 rescues synaptic and cognitive functions for Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2019; 142:787-807. [PMID: 30668640 PMCID: PMC6391616 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation, which leads to the alteration of gene expression in the brain, is suggested as one of the key pathophysiological bases of ageing and neurodegeneration. Here we found that, in the late-stage familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mouse model, repressive histone H3 dimethylation at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) and euchromatic histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 were significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex, a key cognitive region affected in Alzheimer's disease. Elevated levels of H3K9me2 were also detected in the prefrontal cortex region of post-mortem tissues from human patients with Alzheimer's disease. Concomitantly, H3K9me2 at glutamate receptors was increased in prefrontal cortex of aged FAD mice, which was linked to the diminished transcription, expression and function of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Treatment of FAD mice with specific EHMT1/2 inhibitors reversed histone hyper-methylation and led to the recovery of glutamate receptor expression and excitatory synaptic function in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) data indicated that FAD mice exhibited genome-wide increase of H3K9me2 enrichment at genes involved in neuronal signalling (including glutamate receptors), which was reversed by EHMT1/2 inhibition. Moreover, the impaired recognition memory, working memory, and spatial memory in aged FAD mice were rescued by the treatment with EHMT1/2 inhibitors. These results suggest that disrupted epigenetic regulation of glutamate receptor transcription underlies the synaptic and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease, and targeting histone methylation enzymes may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for this prevalent neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Freddy Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel Matas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
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32
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Yadav SK, Gupta RK, Hashem S, Bhat AA, Garg RK, Venkatesh V, Gupta PK, Singh AK, Chaturvedi S, Ahmed SN, Azeem MW, Haris M. Changes in resting-state functional brain activity are associated with waning cognitive functions in HIV-infected children. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:1204-1210. [PMID: 30391858 PMCID: PMC6224323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Delayed brain development in perinatally HIV-infected children may affect the functional brain activity and subsequently cognitive function. The current study evaluated the functional brain activity in HIV-infected children by quantifying the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC). Additionally, correlation of ALFF and FC with cognitive measures was performed. Twenty-six HIV-infected children and 20 control children underwent neuropsychological (NP) assessment and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). ALFF and FC maps were generated and group differences were analyzed using two-sample t-test. Furthermore, ALFF and FC showing significant group differences were correlated with NP scores using Pearson's correlation. Significantly lower ALFF in the left middle temporal gyrus, precentral and post central gyrus was observed in HIV-infected children compared to controls. FC was significantly reduced in the right inferior parietal, vermis, middle temporal and left postcentral regions, and significantly increased in the right precuneus, superior parietal and left middle frontal regions in HIV-infected children as compared to control. HIV-infected children showed significantly lower NP scores in various domains including closure, exclusion, memory, verbal meaning, quantity and hidden figure than controls. These waning cognitive functions were significantly associated with changes in ALFF and FC in HIV-infected children. The findings suggest that abnormal ALFF and FC may responsible for cognitive deficits in HIV-infected children. ALFF and FC in association with cognitive evaluation may provide a clinical biomarker to evaluate functional brain activity and to plan neurocognitive intervention in HIV-infected children undergoing standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravindra K Garg
- Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vimala Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pradeep K Gupta
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Alok K Singh
- Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sabha Nisar Ahmed
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad W Azeem
- Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine/Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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33
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Rubiño J, Andrés P. The Face-Name Associative Memory Test as a Tool for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1464. [PMID: 30154753 PMCID: PMC6102474 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One current challenge for neuropsychologists is to design assessment methods capable of detecting cognitive deficits in the early or preclinical phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this paper is to review the studies that have explored the use of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME) as a test for early diagnosis of AD. Studies looking at correlations between performance on the FNAME test and biomarkers in healthy people and studies comparing healthy controls and people with mild cognitive impairment are reviewed. These studies are based on the evidence that AD's pathological process begins years before the most visible clinical manifestations. We conclude that the FNAME test may be a valuable tool for early diagnosis but that some important questions remain to be resolved in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rubiño
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands - Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pilar Andrés
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands - Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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34
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Bayram E, Caldwell JZK, Banks SJ. Current understanding of magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers and memory in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:395-413. [PMID: 30229130 PMCID: PMC6140335 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a cascade of changes to brain integrity. Neuroimaging biomarkers are important in diagnosis and monitoring the effects of interventions. As memory impairments are among the first symptoms of AD, the relationship between imaging findings and memory deficits is important in biomarker research. The most established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding is hippocampal atrophy, which is related to memory decline and currently used as a diagnostic criterion for AD. While the medial temporal lobes are impacted early by the spread of neurofibrillary tangles, other networks and regional changes can be found quite early in the progression. Atrophy in several frontal and parietal regions, cortical thinning, and white matter alterations correlate with memory deficits in early AD. Changes in activation and connectivity have been detected by functional MRI (fMRI). Task-based fMRI studies have revealed medial temporal lobe hypoactivation, parietal hyperactivation, and frontal hyperactivation in AD during memory tasks, and activation patterns of these regions are also altered in preclinical and prodromal AD. Resting state fMRI has revealed alterations in default mode network activity related to memory in early AD. These studies are limited in part due to the historic inclusion of patients who had suspected AD but likely did not have the disorder. Modern biomarkers allow for more diagnostic certainty, allowing better understanding of neuroimaging markers in true AD, even in the preclinical stage. Larger patient cohorts, comparison of candidate imaging biomarkers to more established biomarkers, and inclusion of more detailed neuropsychological batteries to assess multiple aspects of memory are needed to better understand the memory deficit in AD and help develop new biomarkers. This article reviews MRI findings related to episodic memory impairments in AD and introduces a new study with multimodal imaging and comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation to overcome current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bayram
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jessica Z K Caldwell
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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35
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Asaad M, Lee JH. A guide to using functional magnetic resonance imaging to study Alzheimer's disease in animal models. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031724. [PMID: 29784664 PMCID: PMC5992611 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a leading healthcare challenge facing our society today. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain has played an important role in our efforts to understand how Alzheimer's disease alters brain function. Using fMRI in animal models of Alzheimer's disease has the potential to provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of the observations made in human clinical fMRI studies. However, using fMRI in animal models of Alzheimer's disease presents some unique challenges. Here, we highlight some of these challenges and discuss potential solutions for researchers interested in performing fMRI in animal models. First, we briefly summarize our current understanding of Alzheimer's disease from a mechanistic standpoint. We then overview the wide array of animal models available for studying this disease and how to choose the most appropriate model to study, depending on which aspects of the condition researchers seek to investigate. Finally, we discuss the contributions of fMRI to our understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the issues to consider when designing fMRI studies for animal models, such as differences in brain activity based on anesthetic choice and ways to interrogate more specific questions in rodents beyond those that can be addressed in humans. The goal of this article is to provide information on the utility of fMRI, and approaches to consider when using fMRI, for studies of Alzheimer's disease in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Asaad
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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36
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37
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Peterson AC, Li CSR. Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases-An Overview of Imaging Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:127. [PMID: 29765316 PMCID: PMC5938376 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenergic dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Conventional therapeutic strategies seek to enhance cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in AD and PD, respectively, and few studies have examined noradrenergic dysfunction as a target for medication development. We review the literature of noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD with a focus on human imaging studies that implicate the locus coeruleus (LC) circuit. The LC sends noradrenergic projections diffusely throughout the cerebral cortex and plays a critical role in attention, learning, working memory, and cognitive control. The LC undergoes considerable degeneration in both AD and PD. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have facilitated greater understanding of how structural and functional alteration of the LC may contribute to cognitive decline in AD and PD. We discuss the potential roles of the noradrenergic system in the pathogenesis of AD and PD with an emphasis on postmortem anatomical studies, structural MRI studies, and functional MRI studies, where we highlight changes in LC connectivity with the default mode network (DMN). LC degeneration may accompany deficient capacity in suppressing DMN activity and increasing saliency and task control network activities to meet behavioral challenges. We finish by proposing potential and new directions of research to address noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Peterson
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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38
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Wang Z, Dai Z, Shu H, Liu D, Guo Q, He Y, Zhang Z. Cortical Thickness and Microstructural White Matter Changes Detect Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:415-428. [PMID: 27911306 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are considered to be risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the aMCI-related abnormality in gray matter (GM) cortical thickness and white matter (WM) tracts integrity would be modified by the APOE genotype. A total of 146 older adults, including 64 aMCI patients (28 ɛ4 carriers and 36 non-carriers) and 82 healthy controls (39 ɛ4 carriers and 43 non-carriers), underwent a standardized clinical interview, neuropsychological battery assessment, and multi-modal brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. Compared with control subjects, the patients with aMCI showed significantly reduced cortical thickness bilaterally in the parahippocampal gyrus and disrupted WM integrity in the limbic tracts (e.g., increased mean diffusivity in the right parahippocampal cingulum and bilateral uncinate fasciculus). However, no significant main effects of the APOE genotype and diagnosis-by-genotype interaction on GM thickness and WM integrity were observed. Further, diffusivity measures of the limbic WM tracts were significantly correlated with the parahippocampal atrophy in aMCI. Importantly, the parahippocampal thickness and diffusivity measures of the limbic WM tracts were significantly correlated with the cognitive performance (i.e., episodic memory Z score) in patients with aMCI. These results demonstrate that WM microstructural disruptions in the limbic tracts are present at the early stage of AD in an APOE-independent manner; and this degeneration may occur progressively, in parallel with parahippocampal atrophy, and may specifically contribute to early initial impairment in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjia Dai
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Duan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Manuello J, Nani A, Premi E, Borroni B, Costa T, Tatu K, Liloia D, Duca S, Cauda F. The Pathoconnectivity Profile of Alzheimer's Disease: A Morphometric Coalteration Network Analysis. Front Neurol 2018; 8:739. [PMID: 29472885 PMCID: PMC5810291 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gray matter alterations are typical features of brain disorders. However, they do not impact on the brain randomly. Indeed, it has been suggested that neuropathological processes can selectively affect certain assemblies of neurons, which typically are at the center of crucial functional networks. Because of their topological centrality, these areas form a core set that is more likely to be affected by neuropathological processes. In order to identify and study the pattern formed by brain alterations in patients’ with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we devised an innovative meta-analytic method for analyzing voxel-based morphometry data. This methodology enabled us to discover that in AD gray matter alterations do not occur randomly across the brain but, on the contrary, follow identifiable patterns of distribution. This alteration pattern exhibits a network-like structure composed of coaltered areas that can be defined as coatrophy network. Within the coatrophy network of AD, we were able to further identify a core subnetwork of coaltered areas that includes the left hippocampus, left and right amygdalae, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right temporal inferior gyrus. In virtue of their network centrality, these brain areas can be thought of as pathoconnectivity hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Department of Psychology, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Nani
- GCS-fMRI, Department of Psychology, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry Research Group, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Premi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Department of Psychology, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karina Tatu
- GCS-fMRI, Department of Psychology, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Liloia
- FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Department of Psychology, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Department of Psychology, Koelliker Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Abstract
Brain stimulation techniques can modulate cognitive functions in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Pilot studies have shown promising effects of brain stimulations on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain stimulations can be categorized into non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and invasive brain stimulation (IBS). IBS includes deep brain stimulation (DBS), and invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), whereas NIBS includes transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), cranial electrostimulation (CES), and non-invasive VNS. We reviewed the cutting-edge research on these brain stimulation techniques and discussed their therapeutic effects on AD. Both IBS and NIBS may have potential to be developed as novel treatments for AD; however, mixed findings may result from different study designs, patients selection, population, or samples sizes. Therefore, the efficacy of NIBS and IBS in AD remains uncertain, and needs to be further investigated. Moreover, more standardized study designs with larger sample sizes and longitudinal follow-up are warranted for establishing a structural guide for future studies and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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41
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Sun J, Zhou H, Bai F, Ren Q, Zhang Z. Myelin injury induces axonal transport impairment but not AD-like pathology in the hippocampus of cuprizone-fed mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30003-17. [PMID: 27129150 PMCID: PMC5058659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Both multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are progressive neurological disorders with myelin injury and memory impairment. However, whether myelin impairment could cause AD-like neurological pathology remains unclear. To explore neurological pathology following myelin injury, we assessed cognitive function, the expression of myelin proteins, axonal transport-associated proteins, axonal structural proteins, synapse-associated proteins, tau and beta amyloid and the status of neurons, using the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. We found the mild impairment of learning ability in cuprizone-fed mice and the decreased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the hippocampus. And anti-LINGO-1 improved learning ability and partly restored MBP level. Furthermore, we also found kinesin light chain (KLC), neurofilament light chain (NFL) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF200) were declined in demyelinated hippocampus, which could be partly improved by treatment with anti-LINGO-1. However, we did not observe the increased expression of beta amyloid, hyperphosphorylation of tau and loss of neurons in demyelinated hippocampus. Our results suggest that demyelination might lead to the impairment of neuronal transport, but not cause increased level of hyperphosphorylated tau and beta amyloid. Our research demonstrates remyelination might be an effective pathway to recover the function of neuronal axons and cognition in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Sun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingguo Ren
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Baldermann JC, Hardenacke K, Hu X, Köster P, Horn A, Freund HJ, Zilles K, Sturm V, Visser-Vandewalle V, Jessen F, Maintz D, Kuhn J. Neuroanatomical Characteristics Associated With Response to Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:184-190. [PMID: 28653404 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES First reports on the application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) showed feasibility and safety of the intervention in patients with Alzheimer´s disease. However, clinical effects vary and the mechanisms of actions are still not well understood. The aim of this study was to characterize neuroimaging changes that are associated with the responsiveness to the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined preoperative T1-weighted MR images of ten patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with DBS of the NBM and correlated the clinical outcome with volumetric differences of cortical thickness. Subsequently, we sought to identify brain regions that carry out the clinical effects by correlating the outcome with streamlines connected to the volume of activated tissue. Clinical assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months after the intervention included the AD Assessment Scale as well as the mini mental status examination. RESULTS A fronto-parieto-temporal pattern of cortical thickness was found to be associated with beneficial outcome. Modulation of streamlines connected to left parietal and opercular cortices was associated with better response to the intervention. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that patients with less advanced atrophy may profit from DBS of the NBM. We conclude that beneficial effects of the intervention are related to preserved fronto-parieto-temporal interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Hardenacke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Phillip Köster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Juelich, Germany.,University Hospital of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Volker Sturm
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Maintz
- Department for Radiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zhao H, Qiao L, Fan D, Zhang S, Turel O, Li Y, Li J, Xue G, Chen A, He Q. Modulation of Brain Activity with Noninvasive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Clinical Applications and Safety Concerns. Front Psychol 2017; 8:685. [PMID: 28539894 PMCID: PMC5423956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a widely-used tool to induce neuroplasticity and modulate cortical function by applying weak direct current over the scalp. In this review, we first introduce the underlying mechanism of action, the brief history from discovery to clinical scientific research, electrode positioning and montages, and parameter setup of tDCS. Then, we review tDCS application in clinical samples including people with drug addiction, major depression disorder, Alzheimer's disease, as well as in children. This review covers the typical characteristics and the underlying neural mechanisms of tDCS treatment in such studies. This is followed by a discussion of safety, especially when the current intensity is increased or the stimulation duration is prolonged. Given such concerns, we provide detailed suggestions regarding safety procedures for tDCS operation. Lastly, future research directions are discussed. They include foci on the development of multi-tech combination with tDCS such as with TMS and fMRI; long-term behavioral and morphological changes; possible applications in other research domains, and more animal research to deepen the understanding of the biological and physiological mechanisms of tDCS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dongqiong Fan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- School of Education, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Department of Information systems and Decision Sciences, College of Business and Economics, California State University, FullertonFullerton, CA, USA
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Gui Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal UniversityChongqing, China
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Collins K, Rohl B, Morgan S, Huey ED, Louis ED, Cosentino S. Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes in a Cohort of Elderly Essential Tremor Cases. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2017; 23:390-399. [PMID: 28367776 PMCID: PMC5896575 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617717000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with essential tremor (ET) exhibit a range of cognitive deficits generally conceptualized as "dysexecutive" or "fronto-subcortical," and thought to reflect disrupted cortico-cerebellar networks. In light of emerging evidence that ET increases risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is critical to more closely examine the nature of specific cognitive deficits in ET, with particular attention to amnestic deficits that may signal early AD. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 128 ET cases (age 80.4±9.5 years) enrolled in a longitudinal, clinical-pathological study. Cases underwent a comprehensive battery of motor-free neuropsychological tests and a functional assessment to inform clinical diagnoses of normal cognition (ET-NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (ET-MCI), or dementia (ET-D). ET-MCI was subdivided into subtypes including: amnestic single-domain (a-MCI), amnestic multi-domain (a-MCI+), non-amnestic single-domain (na-MCI), or non-amnestic multi-domain (na-MCI+). RESULTS Ninety-one (71.1%) cases were ET-NC, 24 (18.8%) were ET-MCI, and 13 (10.2%) were ET-D. Within MCI, the a-MCI+ subtype was the most common (13/24; 54.2%) followed by a-MCI (4/24; 16.7%), na-MCI+ (4/24; 16.7%), and na-MCI (3/24; 12.5%). Cases with amnestic MCI demonstrated lower recognition memory Z-scores (-2.4±1.7) than non-amnestic groups (-0.9±1.2) (p=.042). CONCLUSIONS Amnestic MCI, defined by impaired memory recall but associated with lower memory storage scores, was the most frequent MCI subtype in our study. Such impairment has not been explicitly discussed in the context of ET and may be an early hallmark of AD. Results have implications for the prognosis of specific cognitive deficits in ET. (JINS, 2017, 23, 390-399).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Collins
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brittany Rohl
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Morgan
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward D. Huey
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elan D. Louis
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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45
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Jiang X, Petok JR, Howard DV, Howard JH. Individual Differences in Cognitive Function in Older Adults Predicted by Neuronal Selectivity at Corresponding Brain Regions. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:103. [PMID: 28458636 PMCID: PMC5394166 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relating individual differences in cognitive abilities to neural substrates in older adults is of significant scientific and clinical interest, but remains a major challenge. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of cognitive aging have mainly focused on the amplitude of fMRI response, which does not measure neuronal selectivity and has led to some conflicting findings. Here, using local regional heterogeneity analysis, or Hcorr , a novel fMRI analysis technique developed to probe the sparseness of neuronal activations as an indirect measure of neuronal selectivity, we found that individual differences in two different cognitive functions, episodic memory and letter verbal fluency, are selectively related to Hcorr -estimated neuronal selectivity at their corresponding brain regions (hippocampus and visual-word form area, respectively). This suggests a direct relationship between cognitive function and neuronal selectivity at the corresponding brain regions in healthy older adults, which in turn suggests that age-related neural dedifferentiation might contribute to rather than compensate for cognitive decline in healthy older adults. Additionally, the capability to estimate neuronal selectivity across brain regions with a single data set and link them to cognitive performance suggests that, compared to fMRI-adaptation-the established fMRI technique to assess neuronal selectivity, Hcorr might be a better alternative in studying normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases, both of which are associated with widespread changes across the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Jessica R. Petok
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown UniversityWashington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychology, St. Olaf CollegeNorthfield, MN, USA
| | - Darlene V. Howard
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown UniversityWashington, DC, USA
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington, DC, USA
| | - James H. Howard
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown UniversityWashington, DC, USA
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of AmericaWashington, DC, USA
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Mesoporous carbon foam, synthesized via modified Pechini method, in a new dispersant of Salep as a novel substrate for electroanalytical determination of epinephrine in the presence of uric acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:544-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Matsuda H. MRI morphometry in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 30:17-24. [PMID: 26812213 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MRI based evaluation of brain atrophy is regarded as a valid method to stage the disease and to assess progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Volumetric software programs have made it possible to quantify gray matter in the human brain in an automated fashion. At present, voxel based morphometry (VBM) is easily applicable to the routine clinical procedure with a short execution time. The importance of the VBM approach is that it is not biased to one particular structure and is able to assess anatomical differences throughout the brain. Stand-alone VBM software running on Windows, Voxel-based Specific Regional analysis system for AD (VSRAD), has been widely used in the clinical diagnosis of AD in Japan. On the other hand, recent application of graph theory to MRI has made it possible to analyze changes in structural connectivity in AD.
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Wang X, Xie H, Cotton AS, Brickman KR, Lewis TJ, Wall JT, Tamburrino MB, Bauer WR, Law K, McLean SA, Liberzon I. Early Changes in Cortical Emotion Processing Circuits after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Motor Vehicle Collision. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:273-280. [PMID: 27169480 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients frequently experience emotion dysregulation symptoms, including post-traumatic stress. Although mTBI likely affects cortical activation and structure, resulting in cognitive symptoms after mTBI, early effects of mTBI on cortical emotion processing circuits have rarely been examined. To assess early mTBI effects on cortical functional and structural components of emotion processing, we assessed cortical activation to fearful faces within the first 2 weeks after motor vehicle collision (MVC) in survivors who did and did not experience mTBI. We also examined the thicknesses of cortical regions with altered activation. MVC survivors with mTBI (n = 21) had significantly less activation in left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) (-5.9, -81.8, 33.8; p = 10-3.623), left medial orbitofrontal gyrus (mOFG) (-4.7, 36.1, -19.3; p = 10-3.231), and left and right lateral orbitofrontal gyri (lOFG) (left: -16.0, 41.4, -16.6; p = 10-2.573; right: 18.7, 22.7, -17.7; p = 10-2.764) than MVC survivors without mTBI (n = 23). SPG activation in mTBI survivors within 2 weeks after MVC was negatively correlated with subsequent post-traumatic stress symptom severity at 3 months (r = -0.68, p = 0.03). Finally, the SPG region was thinner in the mTBI survivors than in the non-mTBI survivors (F = 11.07, p = 0.002). These results suggest that early differences in activation and structure in cortical emotion processing circuits in trauma survivors who sustain mTBI may contribute to the development of emotion-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,3 Department of Radiology, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hong Xie
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrew S Cotton
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | | | | | - John T Wall
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - William R Bauer
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Kenny Law
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Samuel A McLean
- 5 Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Israel Liberzon
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and episodic memory decline in Alzheimer's disease: A review. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 27:15-22. [PMID: 26876367 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research has examined the relationship between episodic memory decline, the cognitive hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the presence of Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, a major genetic risk factor for the disease. Our review attempts to summarize and critically evaluate this literature. We performed a systematic search for studies assessing episodic memory in AD patients who were genotyped for APOE ε4 and identified fourteen papers. Although most of these papers reported significant relationships between APOE ε4 and episodic memory decline in AD, some papers did not confirm this relationship. Our review links this controversy to the conflicting literature about the effects of APOE ε4 on general cognitive functioning in AD. We identify several shortcoming and limitations of the research on the relationship between APOE ε4 and episodic memory in AD, such as small sample sizes, non-representative populations, lack of comparison of early-onset vs. late-onset disease, and lack of comparison among different genotypes that include APOE ε4 (i.e., zero, one, or two ε4 alleles). Another major shortcoming of the reviewed literature was the lack of comprehensive evaluation of episodic memory decline, since episodic memory was solely evaluated with regard to encoding and retrieval, omitting evaluation of core episodic features that decline in AD, such as context recall (e.g., how, where, and when an episodic event has occurred) and subjective experience of remembering (e.g., reliving, emotion and feeling during episodic recollection). Future research taking these limitations into consideration could illuminate the nature of the relationship between APOE ε4 and episodic memory decline in AD.
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Montagne A, Nation DA, Pa J, Sweeney MD, Toga AW, Zlokovic BV. Brain imaging of neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:687-707. [PMID: 27038189 PMCID: PMC5283382 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular dysfunction, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysregulation and reduction, are increasingly recognized to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The spatial and temporal relationships between different pathophysiological events during preclinical stages of AD, including cerebrovascular dysfunction and pathology, amyloid and tau pathology, and brain structural and functional changes remain, however, still unclear. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, i.e., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), offer new possibilities to understand how the human brain works in health and disease. This includes methods to detect subtle regional changes in the cerebrovascular system integrity. Here, we focus on the neurovascular imaging techniques to evaluate regional BBB permeability (dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI), regional CBF changes (arterial spin labeling- and functional-MRI), vascular pathology (structural MRI), and cerebral metabolism (PET) in the living human brain, and examine how they can inform about neurovascular dysfunction and vascular pathophysiology in dementia and AD. Altogether, these neuroimaging approaches will continue to elucidate the spatio-temporal progression of vascular and neurodegenerative processes in dementia and AD and how they relate to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Daniel A Nation
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Judy Pa
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Melanie D Sweeney
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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