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El Ouardi L, Yeou M, Faroqi-Shah Y. Neural correlates of pronoun processing: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 246:105347. [PMID: 37847932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Pronouns are unique linguistic devices that allow for the expression of referential relationships. Despite their communicative utility, the neural correlates of the operations involved in reference assignment and/or resolution, are not well-understood. The present study synthesized the neuroimaging literature on pronoun processing to test extant theories of pronoun comprehension. Following the PRISMA guidelines and thebest-practice recommendations for neuroimaging meta-analyses, a systematic literature search and record assessment were performed. As a result, 16 fMRI studies were included in the meta-analysis, and were coded in Scribe 3.6 for inclusion in the BrainMap database. The activation coordinates for the contrasts of interest were transformed into Talairach space and submitted to an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis in GingerALE 3.0.1. The results indicated that pronoun processing had functional convergence in the left posterior middle and superior temporal gyri, potentially reflecting the retrieval, prediction and integration roles of these areas for pronoun processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Ouardi
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States; Applied Language and Culture Studies Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Yeou
- Applied Language and Culture Studies Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
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2
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Shekari E, Seyfi M, Modarres Zadeh A, Batouli SA, Valinejad V, Goudarzi S, Joghataei MT. Mechanisms of brain activation following naming therapy in aphasia: A systematic review on task-based fMRI studies. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:780-801. [PMID: 35666667 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2074849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of brain neuroplasticity after naming therapies in patients with aphasia can be evaluated using task-based fMRI. This article aims to review studies investigating brain reorganization after semantic and phonological-based anomia therapy that used picture-naming fMRI tasks. We searched for those articles that compared the activation of brain areas before and after aphasia therapies in the PubMed and the EMBASE databases from 1993 up to April 2020. All studies (single-cases or group designs) on anomia treatment in individuals with acquired aphasia were reviewed. Data were synthesized descriptively through tables to allow the facilitated comparison of the studies. A total of 14 studies were selected and reviewed. The results of the reviewed studies demonstrated that the naming improvement is associated with changes in the activation of cortical and subcortical brain areas. This review highlights the need for a more systematic investigation of the association between decreased and increased activation of brain areas related to anomia therapy. Also, more detailed information about factors influencing brain reorganization is required to elucidate the neural mechanisms of anomia therapy. Overall, regarding the theoretical and clinical aspects, the number of studies that used intensive protocol is growing, and based on the positive potential of these treatments, they could be suitable for the rehabilitation of people with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shekari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Seyfi
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Modarres Zadeh
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amirhossein Batouli
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Valinejad
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Goudarzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Lowry E, Coughlan G, Morrissey S, Jeffs S, Hornberger M. Spatial orientation - a stable marker for vascular cognitive impairment? CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 4:100155. [PMID: 36632487 PMCID: PMC9826950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most prevalent form of dementia, but little is known about the early cognitive and neuroimaging markers. Spatial navigation deficits are an emerging marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet less is known about spatial orientation deficits sensitive to VCI. This case report follows up on the first VCI patient identified to have an egocentric orientation deficit. The study aimed to examine the patient's spatial deficits three years on and gain insights from the addition of the patient's MRI brain scan. A battery of spatial navigation tasks were administered following neuropsychological assessment. Results continue to show spatial orientation deficits. Critically, these changes appear stable and are sensitive to novel spatial tests. Whereas conventional screening tools demonstrate patient recovery. MRI DTI analysis indicates a non-significant trend towards loss of structural integrity to the posterior tracts of the longitudinal superior fasciculus (SLF), while the medial temporal lobe, typically implicated in spatial navigation, is unaffected. This finding potentially reflects reduced network connectivity in posterior to anterior white matter tracts co-existing with spatial orientation deficits. Findings have clinical utility and show spatial orientation as a potential sensitive cognitive marker for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Lowry
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom,Corresponding author at: Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ.
| | - Gillian Coughlan
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Sol Morrissey
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Jeffs
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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4
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Kong C, Xu D, Wang Y, Wang B, Wen J, Wang X, Zhan L, Sun Z, Jia X, Li M, Tang S, Hou D. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in multiple-frequency bands in patients with intracranial tuberculosis: a prospective cross-sectional study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:4120-4134. [PMID: 35919063 PMCID: PMC9338357 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely used to study brain functional alteration, but there have been no reports of research regarding the application of rs-fMRI in intracranial tuberculosis. The purpose of this prospective, cross-sectional study was to investigate spontaneous neural activity at different frequency bands in patients with intracranial tuberculosis using rs-fMRI with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) methods. Methods The rs-fMRI data of 31 patients with intracranial tuberculosis and 30 gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. The ALFF and fALFF values in the conventional frequency band (0.01−0.08 Hz) and 2 sub-frequency bands (slow-4: 0.027–0.073 Hz; slow-5: 0.01–0.027 Hz) were calculated and compared between the groups. The resultant T-maps were corrected using the Gaussian random field (GRF) theory (voxel P<0.01, cluster P<0.05). Correlations between the ALFF and fALFF values and neurocognitive scores were assessed. Results Compared with the HCs, patients with intracranial tuberculosis showed decreased ALFF in the right paracentral lobule (T=−4.69) in the conventional frequency band, in the right supplementary motor area (T=−4.85) in the slow-4 band, and in the left supplementary motor area (T=−3.76) in the slow-5 band. Compared to the slow-5 band, the voxels with decreased ALFF were spatially more extensive in the slow-4 band. Compared with HCs, patients with intracranial tuberculosis showed decreased fALFF in the opercular parts of the right inferior frontal gyrus (T=−4.50) and the left inferior parietal lobe (T=−4.86) and increased fALFF in the left inferior cerebellum (T=5.84) in the conventional frequency band. In the slow-4 band, fALFF decreased in the opercular parts of the right inferior frontal gyrus (T=−5.29) and right precuneus (T=−4.34). In the slow-5 band, fALFF decreased in the left middle occipital gyrus (T=−4.65) and right middle frontal gyrus (T=−5.05). Conclusions Patients with intracranial tuberculosis showed abnormal intrinsic brain activity at different frequency bands, and ALFF abnormalities in different brain regions could be better detected in the slow-4 band. This preliminary study might provide new insights into understanding the pathophysiological mechanism in intracranial tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Kong
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Wen
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xinguang Wang
- School of Information Science and Electronic Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Faculty of Western Languages, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xize Jia
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shenjie Tang
- Tuberculosis Clinical Medical Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dailun Hou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Wanniarachchi H, Wu A, Liu H. Combination of Group Singular Value Decomposition and eLORETA Identifies Human EEG Networks and Responses to Transcranial Photobiomodulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:853909. [PMID: 35620152 PMCID: PMC9127055 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.853909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) has demonstrated its ability to alter electrophysiological activity in the human brain. However, it is unclear how tPBM modulates brain electroencephalogram (EEG) networks and is related to human cognition. In this study, we recorded 64-channel EEG from 44 healthy humans before, during, and after 8-min, right-forehead, 1,064-nm tPBM or sham stimulation with an irradiance of 257 mW/cm2. In data processing, a novel methodology by combining group singular value decomposition (gSVD) with the exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) was implemented and performed on the 64-channel noise-free EEG time series. The gSVD+eLORETA algorithm produced 11 gSVD-derived principal components (PCs) projected in the 2D sensor and 3D source domain/space. These 11 PCs took more than 70% weight of the entire EEG signals and were justified as 11 EEG brain networks. Finally, baseline-normalized power changes of each EEG brain network in each EEG frequency band (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) were quantified during the first 4-min, second 4-min, and post tPBM/sham periods, followed by comparisons of frequency-specific power changes between tPBM and sham conditions. Our results showed that tPBM-induced increases in alpha powers occurred at default mode network, executive control network, frontal parietal network and lateral visual network. Moreover, the ability to decompose EEG signals into individual, independent brain networks facilitated to better visualize significant decreases in gamma power by tPBM. Many similarities were found between the cortical locations of SVD-revealed EEG networks and fMRI-identified resting-state networks. This consistency may shed light on mechanistic associations between tPBM-modulated brain networks and improved cognition outcomes.
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Adam R, Ghahari D, Morton JB, Eagleson R, de Ribaupierre S. Brain Network Connectivity and Executive Function in Children with Previous Infantile Hydrocephalus. Brain Connect 2022; 12:784-798. [PMID: 35302386 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infantile hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an abnormal build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles within the first few months of life, which puts pressure on surrounding brain tissues. Compression of the developing brain increases the risk of secondary brain injury and cognitive disabilities. METHODS In this study, we used diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state functional MRI to investigate the effects of ventricle dilatation on structural and functional brain networks in children with shunted infantile hydrocephalus and examined how these brain changes may impact executive function. RESULTS We found that children with hydrocephalus have altered structural and functional connectivity between and within large-scale networks. Moreover, hyperconnectivity between the ventral attention and default mode network in children with hydrocephalus correlated with reduced executive function scores. Compared to typically developing age-matched control participants, our patient population also had lower fractional anisotropy in posterior white matter. DISCUSSION Overall, these findings suggest that infantile hydrocephalus has long-term effects on brain network connectivity, white matter development, and executive function in children at school-age. Future work will examine the relationship between ventricular volumes prior to shunt placement in infancy and brain network development throughout childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramina Adam
- University of Western Ontario, 6221, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada, N6A 3K7;
| | | | | | - Roy Eagleson
- University of Western Ontario, 6221, London, Canada;
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7
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Li C, Li X, Lv M, Chen F, Ma X, Zhang L. How Does Approaching a Lead Vehicle and Monitoring Request Affect Drivers' Takeover Performance? A Simulated Driving Study with Functional MRI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010412. [PMID: 35010671 PMCID: PMC8744903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the popularization and application of conditionally automated driving systems, takeover requirements are becoming more and more frequent, and the subsequent takeover safety problems have attracted attention. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, combined with driving simulation experiments, to study in depth the effects of critical degree and monitor request (MR) 30 s in advance on drivers' visual behavior, takeover performance and brain activation. Results showed that MR can effectively improve the driver's visual and takeover performance, including visual reaction times, fixation frequency and duration, takeover time, and takeover mode. The length of the reserved safety distance can significantly affect the distribution of longitudinal acceleration. Critical or non-critical takeover has a significant impact on the change of pupil diameter and the standard deviation of lateral displacement. Five brain regions, including the middle occipital gyrus (MOG), fusiform gyrus (FG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), precuneus and precentral, are activated under the stimulation of a critical takeover scenario, and are related to cognitive behaviors such as visual cognition, distance perception, memory search and movement association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimou Li
- CCCC Wenshan Highway Construction & Development Co., Ltd., Wenshan 663000, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaonan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Jiading, Shanghai 201804, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-177-1709-2957
| | - Ming Lv
- CCCC Wenshan Highway Construction & Development Co., Ltd., Wenshan 663000, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Feng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Jiading, Shanghai 201804, China;
| | - Xiaoxiang Ma
- School of Transportation and Logistics Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China;
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200437, China;
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Sun J, Zhao N, Liu J, Wang ZY, Su P, Li JY. Dynamic causal modeling of the working memory system of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: Searching for targets for cortical intervention. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2307. [PMID: 34520621 PMCID: PMC8553334 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm and bleeding into the subarachnoid space, is a life-threatening cerebrovascular disease. Because of improvements in clinical interventions, the mortality rate of aSAH is gradually decreasing. Thus, many survivors recover from aSAH but still have sequelae. Working memory (WM) deficit is one of the most common and severe sequelae after aSAH. Interestingly, the severity of WM deficit is not identical to the extent or localization of brain damage, which implies an underlying mechanism of WM deficit other than direct hemorrhagic brain damage. Previous studies have revealed altered neural activity of several brain regions during stimulus tasks. However, the behaviors and functional organization of these corresponding areas in the resting state remain unclear. Insights into the organization of the WM network could reveal novel information about the mechanism of WM deficits, which will be of great value in developing new therapeutic strategies. METHODS In this study, we recruited 50 aSAH patients consisting of survivors with either impaired or intact WM (two groups). Independent component analysis was performed on resting state data to extract the WM network. Dynamic causal modeling was then performed to assess the intrinsic coupling between key regions of the WM network. A model describing the neural activity and functional organization of the WM network was established, although some connections were not consistent in the resting state. RESULTS We found that effective connectivity of the precuneus (PCUN)-middle temporal gyrus (MTG), MTG-PCUN, and middle frontal gyrus-inferior parietal lobule was significantly decreased in the impaired WM group, which suggests a vital and central role of affected regions or connections and provides new targets for brain stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may contribute to new therapeutic or rehabilitation strategies for aSAH patients with WM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Ze-Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Yan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Technology, Kunming, China
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9
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de la Cruz F, Schumann A, Suttkus S, Helbing N, Zopf R, Bär KJ. Cortical thinning and associated connectivity changes in patients with anorexia nervosa. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:95. [PMID: 33542197 PMCID: PMC7862305 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural brain abnormalities are a consistent finding in anorexia nervosa (AN) and proposed as a state biomarker of the disorder. Yet little is known about how regional structural changes affect intrinsic resting-state functional brain connectivity (rsFC). Using a cross-sectional, multimodal imaging approach, we investigated the association between regional cortical thickness abnormalities and rsFC in AN. Twenty-two acute AN patients and twenty-six age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and cognitive tests. We performed group comparisons of whole-brain cortical thickness, seed-based rsFC, and network-based statistical (NBS) analyses. AN patients showed cortical thinning in the precuneus and inferior parietal lobules, regions involved in visuospatial memory and imagery. Cortical thickness in the precuneus correlated with nutritional state and cognitive functions in AN, strengthening the evidence for a critical role of this region in the disorder. Cortical thinning was accompanied by functional connectivity reductions in major brain networks, namely default mode, sensorimotor and visual networks. Similar to the seed-based approach, the NBS analysis revealed a single network of reduced functional connectivity in patients, comprising mainly sensorimotor- occipital regions. Our findings provide evidence that structural and functional brain abnormalities in AN are confined to specific regions and networks involved in visuospatial and somatosensory processing. We show that structural changes of the precuneus are linked to nutritional and functional states in AN, and future longitudinal research should assess how precuneus changes might be related to the evolution of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliberto de la Cruz
- Lab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andy Schumann
- Lab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Suttkus
- Lab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadin Helbing
- Lab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Regine Zopf
- Department of Cognitive Science, Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Medical, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Lab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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10
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Deldar Z, Gevers-Montoro C, Khatibi A, Ghazi-Saidi L. The interaction between language and working memory: a systematic review of fMRI studies in the past two decades. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 8:1-32. [PMID: 33490370 PMCID: PMC7815476 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Language processing involves other cognitive domains, including Working Memory (WM). Much detail about the neural correlates of language and WM interaction remains unclear. This review summarizes the evidence for the interaction between WM and language obtained via functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in the past two decades. The search was limited to PubMed, Google Scholar, Science direct and Neurosynth for working memory, language, fMRI, neuroimaging, cognition, attention, network, connectome keywords. The exclusion criteria consisted of studies including children, older adults, bilingual or multilingual population, clinical cases, music, sign language, speech, motor processing, review papers, meta-analyses, electroencephalography/event-related potential, and positron emission tomography. A total of 20 articles were included and discussed in four categories: language comprehension, language production, syntax, and networks. Studies on neural correlates of WM and language interaction are rare. Language tasks that involve WM activate common neural systems. Activated areas can be associated with cognitive concepts proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974), including the phonological loop of WM (mainly Broca and Wernicke's areas), other prefrontal cortex and right hemispheric regions linked to the visuospatial sketchpad. There is a clear, dynamic interaction between language and WM, reflected in the involvement of subcortical structures, particularly the basal ganglia (caudate), and of widespread right hemispheric regions. WM involvement is levered by cognitive demand in response to task complexity. High WM capacity readers draw upon buffer memory systems in midline cortical areas to decrease the WM demands for efficiency. Different dynamic networks are involved in WM and language interaction in response to the task in hand for an ultimate brain function efficiency, modulated by language modality and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Deldar
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Language and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Communication Disorders, College of Education, University of Nebraska at Kearney, USA
| | - Carlos Gevers-Montoro
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Madrid College of Chiropractic, Real Centro Universitario María Cristina, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Khatibi
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ladan Ghazi-Saidi
- Language and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Communication Disorders, College of Education, University of Nebraska at Kearney, USA
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11
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Zhao Y, Li L, Caffo BS. Multimodal neuroimaging data integration and pathway analysis. Biometrics 2020; 77:879-889. [PMID: 32789850 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
With advancements in technology, the collection of multiple types of measurements on a common set of subjects is becoming routine in science. Some notable examples include multimodal neuroimaging studies for the simultaneous investigation of brain structure and function and multi-omics studies for combining genetic and genomic information. Integrative analysis of multimodal data allows scientists to interrogate new mechanistic questions. However, the data collection and generation of integrative hypotheses is outpacing available methodology for joint analysis of multimodal measurements. In this article, we study high-dimensional multimodal data integration in the context of mediation analysis. We aim to understand the roles that different data modalities play as possible mediators in the pathway between an exposure variable and an outcome. We propose a mediation model framework with two data types serving as separate sets of mediators and develop a penalized optimization approach for parameter estimation. We study both the theoretical properties of the estimator through an asymptotic analysis and its finite-sample performance through simulations. We illustrate our method with a multimodal brain pathway analysis having both structural and functional connectivity as mediators in the association between sex and language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lexin Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Brian S Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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de Lima RMS, Barth B, Arcego DM, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Clappison A, Patel S, Wang Z, Pokhvisneva I, Sassi RB, Hall GBC, Kobor MS, O'Donnell KJ, Bittencourt APSDV, Meaney MJ, Dalmaz C, Silveira PP. Amygdala 5-HTT Gene Network Moderates the Effects of Postnatal Adversity on Attention Problems: Anatomo-Functional Correlation and Epigenetic Changes. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:198. [PMID: 32256307 PMCID: PMC7093057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in serotoninergic signaling have been related to behavioral outcomes. Alterations in the genome, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are affected by serotonin neurotransmission. The amygdala is an important brain region involved in emotional responses and impulsivity, which receives serotoninergic input. In addition, studies suggest that the serotonin transporter gene network may interact with the environment and influence the risk for psychiatric disorders. We propose to investigate whether/how interactions between the exposure to early life adversity and serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala associate with behavioral disorders. We constructed a co-expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of the serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala and investigated its interaction with postnatal adversity on attention problems in two independent cohorts from Canada and Singapore. We also described how interactions between ePRS-5-HTT and postnatal adversity exposure predict brain gray matter density and variation in DNA methylation across the genome. We observed that the expression-based polygenic risk score, reflecting the function of the amygdala 5-HTT gene network, interacts with postnatal adversity, to predict attention and hyperactivity problems across both cohorts. Also, both postnatal adversity score and amygdala ePRS-5-HTT score, as well as their interaction, were observed to be associated with variation in DNA methylation across the genome. Variations in gray matter density in brain regions linked to attentional processes were also correlated to our ePRS score. These results confirm that the amygdala 5-HTT gene network is strongly associated with ADHD-related behaviors, brain cortical density, and epigenetic changes in the context of adversity in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Barbara Barth
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danusa Mar Arcego
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrew Clappison
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sachin Patel
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Britto Sassi
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey B C Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael J Meaney
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Liu Y, Xu J, Chen M, Wang C, Li S. A unified STR profiling system across multiple species with whole genome sequencing data. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:671. [PMID: 31861983 PMCID: PMC6923897 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Short tandem repeats (STRs) serve as genetic markers in forensic scenes due to their high polymorphism in eukaryotic genomes. A variety of STRs profiling systems have been developed for species including human, dog, cat, cattle, etc. Maintaining these systems simultaneously can be costly. These mammals share many high similar regions along their genomes. With the availability of the massive amount of the whole genomics data of these species, it is possible to develop a unified STR profiling system. In this study, our objective is to propose and develop a unified set of STR loci that could be simultaneously applied to multiple species. Result To find a unified STR set, we collected the whole genome sequence data of the concerned species and mapped them to the human genome reference. Then we extracted the STR loci across the species. From these loci, we proposed an algorithm which selected a subset of loci by incorporating the optimized combined power of discrimination. Our results show that the unified set of loci have high combined power of discrimination, >1−10−9, for both individual species and the mixed population, as well as the random-match probability, <10−7 for all the involved species, indicating that the identified set of STR loci could be applied to multiple species. Conclusions We identified a set of STR loci which shared by multiple species. It implies that a unified STR profiling system is possible for these species under the forensic scenes. The system can be applied to the individual identification or paternal test of each of the ten common species which are Sus scrofa (pig), Bos taurus (cattle), Capra hircus (goat), Equus caballus (horse), Canis lupus familiaris (dog), Felis catus (cat), Ovis aries (sheep), Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit), and Bos grunniens (yak), and Homo sapiens (human). Our loci selection algorithm employed a greedy approach. The algorithm can generate the loci under different forensic parameters and for a specific combination of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Miaoxia Chen
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Shuaicheng Li
- City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Language beyond the language system: Dorsal visuospatial pathways support processing of demonstratives and spatial language during naturalistic fast fMRI. Neuroimage 2019; 216:116128. [PMID: 31473349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial demonstratives are powerful linguistic tools used to establish joint attention. Identifying the meaning of semantically underspecified expressions like "this one" hinges on the integration of linguistic and visual cues, attentional orienting and pragmatic inference. This synergy between language and extralinguistic cognition is pivotal to language comprehension in general, but especially prominent in demonstratives. In this study, we aimed to elucidate which neural architectures enable this intertwining between language and extralinguistic cognition using a naturalistic fMRI paradigm. In our experiment, 28 participants listened to a specially crafted dialogical narrative with a controlled number of spatial demonstratives. A fast multiband-EPI acquisition sequence (TR = 388 m s) combined with finite impulse response (FIR) modelling of the hemodynamic response was used to capture signal changes at word-level resolution. We found that spatial demonstratives bilaterally engage a network of parietal areas, including the supramarginal gyrus, the angular gyrus, and precuneus, implicated in information integration and visuospatial processing. Moreover, demonstratives recruit frontal regions, including the right FEF, implicated in attentional orienting and reference frames shifts. Finally, using multivariate similarity analyses, we provide evidence for a general involvement of the dorsal ("where") stream in the processing of spatial expressions, as opposed to ventral pathways encoding object semantics. Overall, our results suggest that language processing relies on a distributed architecture, recruiting neural resources for perception, attention, and extra-linguistic aspects of cognition in a dynamic and context-dependent fashion.
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15
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Wang RWY, Chang WL, Chuang SW, Liu IN. Posterior cingulate cortex can be a regulatory modulator of the default mode network in task-negative state. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7565. [PMID: 31110251 PMCID: PMC6527685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the regulation of brain networks and interactions between different brain regions have become important issues in neuroscience. Effective connectivity can be employed to understand the modulatory mechanisms of brain networks. Previous studies have used the task-positive mode to examine effective connectivity between brain regions and very few studies have considered the task-negative mode to explore effective connectivity using electroencephalography (EEG). In the present study, high-density EEG experiments were conducted in 85 participants to measure EEG effective connectivity in relevant default mode network (DMN) brain regions (i.e., the medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC], posterior cingulate cortex [PCC], precuneus, and right frontal and left occipital regions) to observe the effects of different task-negative modes (eyes-open/eyes-closed state) and personality traits (introversion/extroversion). The results showed that in the eyes-closed state, the PCC had significantly increased effective connectivity and played a prominent role as a regulatory modulator of outflow to other regions mediated by alpha rhythms. The mPFC was a regulatory modulator of outflow in the eyes-open state mediated by delta rhythms. The introvert group showed stronger co-modulations in the relevant DMN regions than the extrovert group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina W Y Wang
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan. .,The Department of Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Li Chang
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wen Chuang
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ning Liu
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.,The Department of Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
We present a model of how neural representations of egocentric spatial experiences in parietal cortex interface with viewpoint-independent representations in medial temporal areas, via retrosplenial cortex, to enable many key aspects of spatial cognition. This account shows how previously reported neural responses (place, head-direction and grid cells, allocentric boundary- and object-vector cells, gain-field neurons) can map onto higher cognitive function in a modular way, and predicts new cell types (egocentric and head-direction-modulated boundary- and object-vector cells). The model predicts how these neural populations should interact across multiple brain regions to support spatial memory, scene construction, novelty-detection, 'trace cells', and mental navigation. Simulated behavior and firing rate maps are compared to experimental data, for example showing how object-vector cells allow items to be remembered within a contextual representation based on environmental boundaries, and how grid cells could update the viewpoint in imagery during planning and short-cutting by driving sequential place cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Bicanski
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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17
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Pereira-Pedro AS, Rilling JK, Chen X, Preuss TM, Bruner E. Midsagittal Brain Variation among Non-Human Primates: Insights into Evolutionary Expansion of the Human Precuneus. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2017; 90:255-263. [PMID: 29065406 PMCID: PMC5687995 DOI: 10.1159/000481085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The precuneus is a major element of the superior parietal lobule, positioned on the medial side of the hemisphere and reaching the dorsal surface of the brain. It is a crucial functional region for visuospatial integration, visual imagery, and body coordination. Previously, we argued that the precuneus expanded in recent human evolution, based on a combination of paleontological, comparative, and intraspecific evidence from fossil and modern human endocasts as well as from human and chimpanzee brains. The longitudinal proportions of this region are a major source of anatomical variation among adult humans and, being much larger in Homo sapiens, is the main characteristic differentiating human midsagittal brain morphology from that of our closest living primate relative, the chimpanzee. In the current shape analysis, we examine precuneus variation in non-human primates through landmark-based models, to evaluate the general pattern of variability in non-human primates, and to test whether precuneus proportions are influenced by allometric effects of brain size. Results show that precuneus proportions do not covary with brain size, and that the main difference between monkeys and apes involves a vertical expansion of the frontal and occipital regions in apes. Such differences might reflect differences in brain proportions or differences in cranial architecture. In this sample, precuneus variation is apparently not influenced by phylogenetic or allometric factors, but does vary consistently within species, at least in chimpanzees and macaques. This result further supports the hypothesis that precuneus expansion in modern humans is not merely a consequence of increasing brain size or of allometric scaling, but rather represents a species-specific morphological change in our lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Pereira-Pedro
- Grupo de Paleoneurología, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
| | - James K. Rilling
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Atlanta (USA)
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, (USA)
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
| | - Todd M. Preuss
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Atlanta (USA)
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
| | - Emiliano Bruner
- Grupo de Paleoneurología, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
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18
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Zhang C, Peng G, Shao J, Wang WSY. Neural bases of congenital amusia in tonal language speakers. Neuropsychologia 2017; 97:18-28. [PMID: 28153640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital amusia is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder of fine-grained pitch processing. In this fMRI study, we examined the neural bases of congenial amusia in speakers of a tonal language - Cantonese. Previous studies on non-tonal language speakers suggest that the neural deficits of congenital amusia lie in the music-selective neural circuitry in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, it is unclear whether this finding can generalize to congenital amusics in tonal languages. Tonal language experience has been reported to shape the neural processing of pitch, which raises the question of how tonal language experience affects the neural bases of congenital amusia. To investigate this question, we examined the neural circuitries sub-serving the processing of relative pitch interval in pitch-matched Cantonese level tone and musical stimuli in 11 Cantonese-speaking amusics and 11 musically intact controls. Cantonese-speaking amusics exhibited abnormal brain activities in a widely distributed neural network during the processing of lexical tone and musical stimuli. Whereas the controls exhibited significant activation in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the lexical tone condition and in the cerebellum regardless of the lexical tone and music conditions, no activation was found in the amusics in those regions, which likely reflects a dysfunctional neural mechanism of relative pitch processing in the amusics. Furthermore, the amusics showed abnormally strong activation of the right middle frontal gyrus and precuneus when the pitch stimuli were repeated, which presumably reflect deficits of attending to repeated pitch stimuli or encoding them into working memory. No significant group difference was found in the right IFG in either the whole-brain analysis or region-of-interest analysis. These findings imply that the neural deficits in tonal language speakers might differ from those in non-tonal language speakers, and overlap partly with the neural circuitries of lexical tone processing (e.g. right STG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicai Zhang
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William S-Y Wang
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Conder J, Fridriksson J, Baylis GC, Smith CM, Boiteau TW, Almor A. Bilateral parietal contributions to spatial language. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 164:16-24. [PMID: 27690125 PMCID: PMC5179296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly held that language is largely lateralized to the left hemisphere in most individuals, whereas spatial processing is associated with right hemisphere regions. In recent years, a number of neuroimaging studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the role of language and spatial processing areas in processing language about space (e.g., Carpenter, Just, Keller, Eddy, & Thulborn, 1999; Damasio et al., 2001). In the present study, we used sparse scanning event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of spatial language, that is; language used to communicate the spatial relationship of one object to another. During scanning, participants listened to sentences about object relationships that were either spatial or non-spatial in nature (color or size relationships). Sentences describing spatial relationships elicited more activation in the superior parietal lobule and precuneus bilaterally in comparison to sentences describing size or color relationships. Activation of the precuneus suggests that spatial sentences elicit spatial-mental imagery, while the activation of the SPL suggests sentences containing spatial language involve integration of two distinct sets of information - linguistic and spatial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Conder
- McMaster University, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, Canada
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- University of South Carolina, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, United States
| | - Gordon C Baylis
- Western Kentucky University, Department of Psychological Sciences, United States
| | - Cameron M Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Timothy W Boiteau
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Amit Almor
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, United States; Linguistics Program, University of South Carolina, United States.
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20
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Brodbeck C, Pylkkänen L. Language in context: Characterizing the comprehension of referential expressions with MEG. Neuroimage 2016; 147:447-460. [PMID: 27989776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical component of comprehending language in context is identifying the entities that individual linguistic expressions refer to. While previous research has shown that language comprehenders resolve reference quickly and incrementally, little is currently known about the neural basis of successful reference resolution. Using source localized MEG, we provide evidence across 3 experiments and 2 languages that successful reference resolution in simple visual displays is associated with increased activation in the medial parietal lobe. In each trial, participants saw a simple visual display containing three objects which constituted the referential domain. Target referential expressions were embedded in questions about the displays. By varying the displays, we manipulated referential status while keeping the linguistic expressions constant. Follow-up experiments addressed potential interactions of reference resolution with linguistic predictiveness and pragmatic plausibility. Notably, we replicated the effect in Arabic, a language that differs in a structurally informative way from English while keeping referential aspects parallel to our two English studies. Distributed minimum norm estimates of MEG data consistently indicated that reference resolution is associated with increased activity in the medial parietal lobe. With one exception, the timing of the onset of the medial parietal response fell into a mid-latency time-window at 350-500ms after the onset of the resolving word. Through concurrent EEG recordings on a subset of subjects we also describe the EEG topography of the effect of reference resolution, which makes the result available for comparison with a larger existing literature. Our results extend previous reports that medial parietal lobe is involved in referential language processing, indicating that it is relevant for reference resolution to individual referents, and suggests avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brodbeck
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Liina Pylkkänen
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Linguistics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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21
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Blacker KJ, Courtney SM. Distinct Neural Substrates for Maintaining Locations and Spatial Relations in Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:594. [PMID: 27932963 PMCID: PMC5121279 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated a distinction between maintenance of two types of spatial information in working memory (WM): spatial locations and spatial relations. While a body of work has investigated the neural mechanisms of sensory-based information like spatial locations, little is known about how spatial relations are maintained in WM. In two experiments, we used fMRI to investigate the involvement of early visual cortex in the maintenance of spatial relations in WM. In both experiments, we found less quadrant-specific BOLD activity in visual cortex when a single spatial relation, compared to a single spatial location, was held in WM. Also across both experiments, we found a consistent set of brain regions that were differentially activated during maintenance of locations vs. relations. Maintaining a location, compared to a relation, was associated with greater activity in typical spatial WM regions like posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal regions. Whereas maintaining a relation, compared to a location, was associated with greater activity in the parahippocampal gyrus and precuneus/retrosplenial cortex. Further, in Experiment 2 we manipulated WM load and included trials where participants had to maintain three spatial locations or relations. Under this high load condition, the regions sensitive to locations vs. relations were somewhat different than under low load. We also identified regions that were sensitive to load specifically for location or relation maintenance, as well as overlapping regions sensitive to load more generally. These results suggest that the neural substrates underlying WM maintenance of spatial locations and relations are distinct from one another and that the neural representations of these distinct types of spatial information change with load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J. Blacker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Susan M. Courtney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, BaltimoreMD, USA
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22
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Wallentin M, Gravholt CH, Skakkebæk A. Broca's region and Visual Word Form Area activation differ during a predictive Stroop task. Cortex 2015; 73:257-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effects of Different Types of Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function, Brain Structure, and Driving Safety in Senior Daily Drivers: A Pilot Study. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:525901. [PMID: 26161000 PMCID: PMC4487932 DOI: 10.1155/2015/525901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Increasing proportion of the elderly in the driving population raises the importance of assuring their safety. We explored the effects of three different types of cognitive training on the cognitive function, brain structure, and driving safety of the elderly. Methods. Thirty-seven healthy elderly daily drivers were randomly assigned to one of three training groups: Group V trained in a vehicle with a newly developed onboard cognitive training program, Group P trained with a similar program but on a personal computer, and Group C trained to solve a crossword puzzle. Before and after the 8-week training period, they underwent neuropsychological tests, structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, and driving safety tests. Results. For cognitive function, only Group V showed significant improvements in processing speed and working memory. For driving safety, Group V showed significant improvements both in the driving aptitude test and in the on-road evaluations. Group P showed no significant improvements in either test, and Group C showed significant improvements in the driving aptitude but not in the on-road evaluations. Conclusion. The results support the effectiveness of the onboard training program in enhancing the elderly's abilities to drive safely and the potential advantages of a multimodal training approach.
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Wallentin M, Michaelsen JLD, Rynne I, Nielsen RH. Lateralized task shift effects in Broca's and Wernicke's regions and in visual word form area are selective for conceptual content and reflect trial history. Neuroimage 2014; 101:276-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Kristensen LB, Engberg-Pedersen E, Wallentin M. Context predicts word order processing in Broca's region. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2762-77. [PMID: 25000525 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The function of the left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) is highly disputed. A number of language processing studies have linked the region to the processing of syntactical structure. Still, there is little agreement when it comes to defining why linguistic structures differ in their effects on the L-IFG. In a number of languages, the processing of object-initial sentences affects the L-IFG more than the processing of subject-initial ones, but frequency and distribution differences may act as confounding variables. Syntactically complex structures (like the object-initial construction in Danish) are often less frequent and only viable in certain contexts. With this confound in mind, the L-IFG activation may be sensitive to other variables than a syntax manipulation on its own. The present fMRI study investigates the effect of a pragmatically appropriate context on the processing of subject-initial and object-initial clauses with the IFG as our ROI. We find that Danish object-initial clauses yield a higher BOLD response in L-IFG, but we also find an interaction between appropriateness of context and word order. This interaction overlaps with traditional syntax areas in the IFG. For object-initial clauses, the effect of an appropriate context is bigger than for subject-initial clauses. This result is supported by an acceptability study that shows that, given appropriate contexts, object-initial clauses are considered more appropriate than subject-initial clauses. The increased L-IFG activation for processing object-initial clauses without a supportive context may be interpreted as reflecting either reinterpretation or the recipients' failure to correctly predict word order from contextual cues.
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Motor imagery learning modulates functional connectivity of multiple brain systems in resting state. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85489. [PMID: 24465577 PMCID: PMC3894973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Learning motor skills involves subsequent modulation of resting-state functional connectivity in the sensory-motor system. This idea was mostly derived from the investigations on motor execution learning which mainly recruits the processing of sensory-motor information. Behavioral evidences demonstrated that motor skills in our daily lives could be learned through imagery procedures. However, it remains unclear whether the modulation of resting-state functional connectivity also exists in the sensory-motor system after motor imagery learning. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed a fMRI investigation on motor imagery learning from resting state. Based on previous studies, we identified eight sensory and cognitive resting-state networks (RSNs) corresponding to the brain systems and further explored the functional connectivity of these RSNs through the assessments, connectivity and network strengths before and after the two-week consecutive learning. Two intriguing results were revealed: (1) The sensory RSNs, specifically sensory-motor and lateral visual networks exhibited greater connectivity strengths in precuneus and fusiform gyrus after learning; (2) Decreased network strength induced by learning was proved in the default mode network, a cognitive RSN. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicated that resting-state functional connectivity could be modulated by motor imagery learning in multiple brain systems, and such modulation displayed in the sensory-motor, visual and default brain systems may be associated with the establishment of motor schema and the regulation of introspective thought. These findings further revealed the neural substrates underlying motor skill learning and potentially provided new insights into the therapeutic benefits of motor imagery learning.
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Cortical plasticity after cochlear implantation. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:318521. [PMID: 24377050 PMCID: PMC3860139 DOI: 10.1155/2013/318521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most dramatic progress in the restoration of hearing takes place in the first months after cochlear implantation. To map the brain activity underlying this process, we used positron emission tomography at three time points: within 14 days, three months, and six months after switch-on. Fifteen recently implanted adult implant recipients listened to running speech or speech-like noise in four sequential PET sessions at each milestone. CI listeners with postlingual hearing loss showed differential activation of left superior temporal gyrus during speech and speech-like stimuli, unlike CI listeners with prelingual hearing loss. Furthermore, Broca's area was activated as an effect of time, but only in CI listeners with postlingual hearing loss. The study demonstrates that adaptation to the cochlear implant is highly related to the history of hearing loss. Speech processing in patients whose hearing loss occurred after the acquisition of language involves brain areas associated with speech comprehension, which is not the case for patients whose hearing loss occurred before the acquisition of language. Finally, the findings confirm the key role of Broca's area in restoration of speech perception, but only in individuals in whom Broca's area has been active prior to the loss of hearing.
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Altered regional homogeneity in pediatric bipolar disorder during manic state: a resting-state fMRI study. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 23526961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057978.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a severely debilitating illness, which is characterized by episodes of mania and depression separated by periods of remission. Previous fMRI studies investigating PBD were mainly task-related. However, little is known about the abnormalities in PBD, especially during resting state. Resting state brain activity measured by fMRI might help to explore neurobiological biomarkers of the disorder. METHODS Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was examined with resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) on 15 patients with PBD in manic state, with 15 age-and sex-matched healthy youth subjects as controls. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with PBD showed altered ReHo in the cortical and subcortical structures. The ReHo measurement of the PBD group was negatively correlated with the score of Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) in the superior frontal gyrus. Positive correlations between the ReHo measurement and the score of YMRS were found in the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex in the PBD group. CONCLUSIONS Altered regional brain activity is present in patients with PBD during manic state. This study presents new evidence for abnormal ventral-affective and dorsal-cognitive circuits in PBD during resting state and may add fresh insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PBD.
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Xiao Q, Zhong Y, Lu D, Gao W, Jiao Q, Lu G, Su L. Altered regional homogeneity in pediatric bipolar disorder during manic state: a resting-state fMRI study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57978. [PMID: 23526961 PMCID: PMC3590243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a severely debilitating illness, which is characterized by episodes of mania and depression separated by periods of remission. Previous fMRI studies investigating PBD were mainly task-related. However, little is known about the abnormalities in PBD, especially during resting state. Resting state brain activity measured by fMRI might help to explore neurobiological biomarkers of the disorder. METHODS Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was examined with resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) on 15 patients with PBD in manic state, with 15 age-and sex-matched healthy youth subjects as controls. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with PBD showed altered ReHo in the cortical and subcortical structures. The ReHo measurement of the PBD group was negatively correlated with the score of Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) in the superior frontal gyrus. Positive correlations between the ReHo measurement and the score of YMRS were found in the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex in the PBD group. CONCLUSIONS Altered regional brain activity is present in patients with PBD during manic state. This study presents new evidence for abnormal ventral-affective and dorsal-cognitive circuits in PBD during resting state and may add fresh insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dali Lu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cho SY, Shin AS, Na BJ, Jahng GH, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM. Brain activity associated with memory and cognitive function during jaw-tapping movement in healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wallentin M. The role of the brain’s frontal eye fields in constructing frame of reference. Cogn Process 2012; 13 Suppl 1:S359-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10339-012-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Monti MM, Parsons LM, Osherson DN. Thought beyond language: neural dissociation of algebra and natural language. Psychol Sci 2012; 23:914-22. [PMID: 22760883 DOI: 10.1177/0956797612437427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question in cognitive science is whether natural language provides combinatorial operations that are essential to diverse domains of thought. In the study reported here, we addressed this issue by examining the role of linguistic mechanisms in forging the hierarchical structures of algebra. In a 3-T functional MRI experiment, we showed that processing of the syntax-like operations of algebra does not rely on the neural mechanisms of natural language. Our findings indicate that processing the syntax of language elicits the known substrate of linguistic competence, whereas algebraic operations recruit bilateral parietal brain regions previously implicated in the representation of magnitude. This double dissociation argues against the view that language provides the structure of thought across all cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1563, USA.
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Eye movement suppression interferes with construction of object-centered spatial reference frames in working memory. Brain Cogn 2011; 77:432-7. [PMID: 21907479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Zhang S, Li CSR. Functional connectivity mapping of the human precuneus by resting state fMRI. Neuroimage 2011; 59:3548-62. [PMID: 22116037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precuneus responds to a wide range of cognitive processes. Here, we examined how the patterns of resting state connectivity may define functional subregions in the precuneus. Using a K-means algorithm to cluster the whole-brain "correlograms" of the precuneus in 225 adult individuals, we corroborated the dorsal-anterior, dorsal-posterior, and ventral subregions, each involved in spatially guided behaviors, mental imagery, and episodic memory as well as self-related processing, with the ventral precuneus being part of the default mode network, as described extensively in earlier work. Furthermore, we showed that the lateral/medial volumes of dorsal anterior and dorsal posterior precuneus are each connected with areas of motor execution/attention and motor/visual imagery, respectively. Compared to the ventral precuneus, the dorsal precuneus showed greater connectivity with occipital and posterior parietal cortices, but less connectivity with the medial superior frontal and orbitofrontal gyri, anterior cingulate cortex as well as the parahippocampus. Compared to dorsal-posterior and ventral precuneus, the dorsal-anterior precuneus showed greater connectivity with the somatomotor cortex, as well as the insula, supramarginal, Heschl's, and superior temporal gyri, but less connectivity with the angular gyrus. Compared to ventral and dorsal-anterior precuneus, dorsal-posterior precuneus showed greater connectivity with the middle frontal gyrus. Notably, the precuneus as a whole has negative connectivity with the amygdala and the lateral and inferior orbital frontal gyri. Finally, men and women differed in the connectivity of precuneus. Men and women each showed greater connectivity with the dorsal precuneus in the cuneus and medial thalamus, respectively. Women also showed greater connectivity with ventral precuneus in the hippocampus/parahippocampus, middle/anterior cingulate gyrus, and middle occipital gyrus, compared to men. Taken together, these new findings may provide a useful platform upon which to further investigate sex-specific functional neuroanatomy of the precuneus and to elucidate the pathology of many neurological illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
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Schulte T, Müller-Oehring EM, Chanraud S, Rosenbloom MJ, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Age-related reorganization of functional networks for successful conflict resolution: a combined functional and structural MRI study. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:2075-90. [PMID: 20022675 PMCID: PMC2888896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging has readily observable effects on the ability to resolve conflict between competing stimulus attributes that are likely related to selective structural and functional brain changes. To identify age-related differences in neural circuits subserving conflict processing, we combined structural and functional MRI and a Stroop Match-to-Sample task involving perceptual cueing and repetition to modulate resources in healthy young and older adults. In our Stroop Match-to-Sample task, older adults handled conflict by activating a frontoparietal attention system more than young adults and engaged a visuomotor network more than young adults when processing repetitive conflict and when processing conflict following valid perceptual cueing. By contrast, young adults activated frontal regions more than older adults when processing conflict with perceptual cueing. These differential activation patterns were not correlated with regional gray matter volume despite smaller volumes in older than young adults. Given comparable performance in speed and accuracy of responding between both groups, these data suggest that successful aging is associated with functional reorganization of neural systems to accommodate functionally increasing task demands on perceptual and attentional operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schulte
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Eva M. Müller-Oehring
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Margaret J. Rosenbloom
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Wallentin M, Nielsen AH, Vuust P, Dohn A, Roepstorff A, Lund TE. Amygdala and heart rate variability responses from listening to emotionally intense parts of a story. Neuroimage 2011; 58:963-73. [PMID: 21749924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are often understood in relation to conditioned responses. Narrative emotions, however, cannot be reduced to a simple associative relationship between emotion words and their experienced counterparts. Intensity in stories may arise without any overt emotion depicting words and vice versa. In this fMRI study we investigated BOLD responses to naturally fluctuating emotions evoked by listening to a story. The emotional intensity profile of the text was found through a rating study. The validity of this profile was supported by heart rate variability (HRV) data showing a significant correspondence across participants between intensity ratings and HRV measurements obtained during fMRI. With this ecologically valid stimulus we found that narrative intensity was accompanied by activation in temporal cortices, medial geniculate nuclei in the thalamus and amygdala, brain regions that are all part of the system for processing conditioned emotional responses to auditory stimuli. These findings suggest that this system also underpins narrative emotions in spite of their complex nature. Traditional language regions and premotor cortices were also activated during intense parts of the story whereas orbitofrontal cortex was found linked to emotion with positive valence, regardless of level of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Wallentin
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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38
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Lambrey S, Doeller C, Berthoz A, Burgess N. Imagining Being Somewhere Else: Neural Basis of Changing Perspective in Space. Cereb Cortex 2011; 22:166-74. [PMID: 21625010 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lambrey
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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39
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Christensen KR, Wallentin M. The locative alternation: distinguishing linguistic processing cost from error signals in Broca's region. Neuroimage 2011; 56:1622-31. [PMID: 21385619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) is known to be involved in the processing of syntactic complexity, such as word order variation. It is also known to be involved in semantic interpretation in studies of various types of semantic and pragmatic anomalies. Across neuroimaging studies of language processing, two main approaches can be found, one that contrasts anomalous and well-formed words or sentences in order to yield an error response and one that contrasts two well-formed syntactic structures differing in complexity, investigating effects of increased integration costs. The present fMRI study aimed at disentangling the error signal from the processing cost signal in LIFG. To do so, we examined the so-called Locative Alternation, which involves the contrast between the Content-Locative construction, e.g. He sprays paint on the wall, and the Container-Locative construction, e.g. He sprays the wall with paint, which have been argued to differ in processing. By including asymmetric verbs, e.g. He blocks the road with rocks vs. *He blocks rocks on the road, we were able to study the contrast between well formed and anomalous constructions. Participants performed an acceptability judgment task during fMRI. The results showed that increased syntactic integration costs yielded both increased response time as well as LIFG activation. Anomalous sentences yielded low acceptability rating but no increase in response time, yet they also evoked increased LIFG activation. Thus, the processing cost and the error signal were found to be functionally independent, but spatially overlapping in the brain.
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40
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Trinkler I, King JA, Doeller CF, Rugg MD, Burgess N. Neural bases of autobiographical support for episodic recollection of faces. Hippocampus 2009; 19:718-30. [PMID: 19173228 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Incidental retrieval of autobiographical knowledge can provide rich contextual support for episodic recollection of a recent event. We examined the neural bases of these two processes by performing fMRI scanning during a recognition memory test for faces that were unfamiliar, famous, or personally known. The presence of pre-experimental knowledge of a face was incidental to the task, but nonetheless resulted in improved performance. Two distinct networks of activation were associated with correct recollection of a face's prior presentation (recollection hits vs. correct rejections) on one hand, and with pre-experimental knowledge about it (famous or personally known vs. unfamiliar faces) on the other. The former included mid/posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and ventral striatum. The latter included bilateral hippocampus, retrosplenial, and ventromedial prefrontal cortices. Anterior and medial thalamic activations showed an interaction between both effects, driven by increased activation for recollection of unfamiliar faces. When recollecting the presentation of a famous or personally known face, hippocampal activation increased with participants' ratings of how well they felt they knew the person shown. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex showed significantly greater activation for personally known than famous faces. Our results indicate a dissociation between the involvement of retrosplenial vs. mid/posterior cingulate and precuneus in memory tasks. They also indicate that, during recognition memory experiments, the hippocampus supports incidental retrieval of pre-experimental knowledge about the stimuli presented. This type of knowledge likely underlies the additional recollection found for prior presentation of well known stimuli compared with novel ones and may link hippocampal activation at encoding to subsequent memory performance more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Trinkler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom
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41
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Abstract
We present the case of a right-handed patient who received surgical treatment for a left frontal WHO grade II glioma invading the left inferior and middle frontal gyri, the head of the caudate nucleus, the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the anterior insula, in direct contact also with the anterior-superior part of the lentiform nucleus. The tumor resection was guided by direct electrical stimulation on brain areas, while the patient was awake. Adding a narrative production task to the neuropsychological assessment, we compared pre-, peri- and post-surgical language skills in order to analyze the effects of the tumor infiltration and the consequences of the left IFG resection, an area known to be involved in various language and cognitive processes. We showed that the tumor infiltration and its resection did not lead to the severe impairments predicted by the localization models assigning a significant role in language processing to the left frontal lobe, notably Broca's area. We showed that slow tumor evolution - the patient had been symptom-free for a long time - enabled compensatory mechanisms to process most language functions endangered by the tumor infiltration. However, a subtle fragility was observed in two language devices, i.e., reported speech and relative clauses, related to minor working memory deficits. This case study of a patient speaking without Broca's area illustrates the efficiency of brain plasticity, and shows the necessity to broaden pre-, peri-, post-surgery language and cognitive assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Plaza
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences Cognitives (UMR CNRS 8189), Université Paris Descartes, Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.
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Kuo WJ, Sjöström T, Chen YP, Wang YH, Huang CY. Intuition and deliberation: two systems for strategizing in the brain. Science 2009; 324:519-22. [PMID: 19390048 DOI: 10.1126/science.1165598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dual-process theories distinguish between intuition (fast and emotional) and reasoning (slow and controlled) as a basis for human decision-making. We contrast dominance-solvable games, which can be solved by step-by-step deliberative reasoning, with pure coordination games, which must be solved intuitively. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that the middle frontal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, and the precuneus were more active in dominance-solvable games than in coordination games. The insula and anterior cingulate cortex showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, precuneus activity correlates positively with how "effortful" a dominance-solvable game is, whereas insula activity correlates positively with how "effortless" a coordination game is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jui Kuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tylén K, Wallentin M, Roepstorff A. Say it with flowers! An fMRI study of object mediated communication. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2009; 108:159-166. [PMID: 18771801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Human communicational interaction can be mediated by a host of expressive means from words in a natural language to gestures and material symbols. Given the proper contextual setting even an everyday object can gain a mediating function in a communicational situation. In this study we used event-related fMRI to study the brain activity caused by everyday material objects when they are perceived as signals. We found that comprehension of material signals activates bilaterally areas of the ventral stream and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal cortex, that is, areas traditionally associated with verbal language and semantics. In addition, we found that right-hemisphere inferior frontal cortex is recruited as a function of the increasing unconventionality of communicative objects. Together these findings support an interpretation of the traditional language areas as playing a more general role across modalities in relation to communicational mediation of social semantic meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Tylén
- Institute of Language and Communication, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Abstract
AbstractOur target article argued that a genetically specified Universal Grammar (UG), capturing arbitrary properties of languages, is not tenable on evolutionary grounds, and that the close fit between language and language learners arises because language is shaped by the brain, rather than the reverse. Few commentaries defend a genetically specified UG. Some commentators argue that we underestimate the importance of processes of cultural transmission; some propose additional cognitive and brain mechanisms that may constrain language and perhaps differentiate humans from nonhuman primates; and others argue that we overstate or understate the case against co-evolution of language genes. In engaging with these issues, we suggest that a new synthesis concerning the relationship between brains, genes, and language may be emerging.
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Abstract
AbstractLanguage learning is not primarily driven by a motivation to describe invariant features of the world, but rather by a strong force to be a part of the social group, which by definition is not invariant. It is not sufficient for language to be fit for the speaker's perceptual motor system. It must also be fit for social interactions.
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Spatial updating: how the brain keeps track of changing object locations during observer motion. Nat Neurosci 2008; 11:1223-30. [PMID: 18776895 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As you move through an environment, the positions of surrounding objects relative to your body constantly change. Updating these locations is a central feature of situational awareness and readiness to act. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a virtual environment to test how the human brain uses optic flow to monitor changing object coordinates. Only activation profiles in the precuneus and the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) were indicative of an updating process operating on a memorized egocentric map of space. A subsequent eye movement study argued against the alternative explanation that activation in PMd could be driven by oculomotor signals. Finally, introducing a verbal response mode revealed a dissociation between the two regions, with the PMd only showing updating-related responses when participants responded by pointing. We conclude that visual spatial updating relies on the construction of updated representations in the precuneus and the context-dependent planning of motor actions in PMd.
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Roepstorff A. Things to think with: words and objects as material symbols. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:2049-54. [PMID: 18299276 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper integrates archaeology, anthropology and functional brain imaging in an examination of the cognition of words and objects. Based on a review of recent brain imaging experiments, it is argued that in cognition and action, material symbols may be the link between internal representations and objects and words in the world. This principle is applied to the sapient paradox, the slow development of material innovation at the advent of the anatomically modern human. This translates the paradox into a long-term build-up of extended and distributed cognition supported by development in the complexity of material symbols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Roepstorff
- Department of Social Anthropology and Centre for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Wallentin M, Weed E, Østergaard L, Mouridsen K, Roepstorff A. Accessing the mental space-Spatial working memory processes for language and vision overlap in precuneus. Hum Brain Mapp 2008; 29:524-32. [PMID: 17525981 PMCID: PMC6871041 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The "overlapping systems" theory of language function argues that linguistic meaning construction crucially relies on contextual information provided by "nonlinguistic" cognitive systems, such as perception and memory. This study examines whether linguistic processing of spatial relations established by reading sentences call on the same posterior parietal neural system involved in processing spatial relations set up through visual input. Subjects read simple sentences, which presented two agents in relation to each other, and were subsequently asked to evaluate spatial (e.g., "Was he turned towards her?") and equally concrete nonspatial content (e.g., "Was he older than her?"). We found that recall of the spatial content relative to the nonspatial content resulted in higher BOLD response in a dorsoposterior network of brain regions, most significantly in precuneus, strikingly overlapping a network previously shown to be involved in recall of spatial aspects of images depicting similar scenarios. This supports a neurocognitive model of language function, where sentences establish meaning by interacting with the perceptual and working memory networks of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Wallentin
- The Danish National Research Foundation's Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Rajah MN, McIntosh AR. Age-related differences in brain activity during verbal recency memory. Brain Res 2008; 1199:111-25. [PMID: 18282558 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current event-related fMRI study young and older adults underwent fMRI scanning while performing recognition, recency and reverse alphabetizing tasks. The reverse alphabetizing task served as a control for executive processes, such as working memory manipulation and monitoring (Henson, R.N., Shallice, T., et al., 1999. Right prefrontal cortex and episodic memory retrieval: a functional MRI test of the monitoring hypothesis. Brain 122 (Pt 7), 1367-1381; Dobbins, I.G., Schnyer, D.M., et al., 2004a. Cortical activity reductions during repetition priming can result from rapid response learning. Nature 428 (6980), 316-319; Rajah, M.N., McIntosh, A.R., 2006. Dissociating prefrontal contributions during a recency memory task. Neuropsychologia 44 (3), 350-364). Multivariate spatio-temporal partial least squares (ST-PLS) analysis was used to identify task-related similarities and differences in regional activity in young versus older adults. The behavioural results indicated that older adults performed disproportionately worse on recency, but not recognition memory, compared to young adults. The fMRI results show the older adults activated right parahippocampal, right parietal, left precuneus and right prefrontal regions to a greater degree during both recognition and recency retrieval, compared to young adults. Brain-behaviour correlation analysis showed that increased activity in right parahippocampal and parietal cortex was related to poorer retrieval performance in older adults, but was related to improved recency accuracy and reverse alphabetizing accuracy in young adults, respectively. In contrast, the age-related increase in right prefrontal and left precuneus activity was related to improved recognition, but not recency, performance in older adults. In young adults, activity in these regions was not strongly related to retrieval performance. These results suggest that older adults exhibited deficits in medial temporal and parietal function during retrieval, which was functionally compensated for by increased recruitment of prefrontal and precuneus regions. This functional compensation was sufficient for maintaining recognition but not recency retrieval in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rajah
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4H 1R3.
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Wallentin M, Roepstorff A, Burgess N. Frontal eye fields involved in shifting frame of reference within working memory for scenes. Neuropsychologia 2007; 46:399-408. [PMID: 17915262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 08/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) evoked by linguistic cues for allocentric spatial and egocentric spatial aspects of a visual scene was investigated by correlating fMRI BOLD signal (or "activation") with performance on a spatial-relations task. Subjects indicated the relative positions of a person or object (referenced by the personal pronouns "he/she/it") in a previously shown image relative to either themselves (egocentric reference frame) or shifted to a reference frame anchored in another person or object in the image (allocentric reference frame), e.g. "Was he in front of you/her?" Good performers had both shorter response time and more correct responses than poor performers in both tasks. These behavioural variables were entered into a principal component analysis. The first component reflected generalised performance level. We found that the frontal eye fields (FEF), bilaterally, had a higher BOLD response during recall involving allocentric compared to egocentric spatial reference frames, and that this difference was larger in good performers than in poor performers as measured by the first behavioural principal component. The frontal eye fields may be used when subjects move their internal gaze during shifting reference frames in representational space. Analysis of actual eye movements in three subjects revealed no difference between egocentric and allocentric recall tasks where visual stimuli were also absent. Thus, the FEF machinery for directing eye movements may also be involved in changing reference frames within WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Wallentin
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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