1
|
Feng LR, Vogel A, Mellergaard C, Waldemar G, Hasselbalch SG, Law I, Henriksen OM, Frederiksen KS. Clinical validation of the cingulate island sign visual rating scale in dementia with Lewy bodies. J Neurol Sci 2023; 451:120719. [PMID: 37421880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cingulate island sign (CIS) is a metabolic pattern on [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) associated with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The aim of this study was to validate the visual CIS rating scale (CISRs) for the diagnosis of DLB and to explore the clinical correlates. METHODS This single-center study included 166 DLB patients and 161 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The CIS on [18F]FDG-PET scans was rated using the CISRs independently by three blinded raters. RESULTS The optimal cut-off to differentiate DLB from AD was a CISRs score ≥ 1 (sensitivity = 66%, specificity = 84%) whereas a CISRs score ≥ 2 (sensitivity = 58%, specificity = 92%) was optimal to differentiate amyloid positive DLB (n = 43 (82.7%)) and AD. To identify DLB with abnormal (n = 53 (72.6%)) versus normal (n = 20 (27.4%)) dopamine transporter imaging, a CISRs cut-off of 4 had a specificity of 95%. DLB with a CISRs score of 4 performed significantly better in tests on free verbal recall and picture based cued recall, but worse on processing speed compared to DLB with a CISRs score of 0. CONCLUSION This study confirms the CISRs as a valid marker for the diagnosis of DLB with a high specificity and a lower, but acceptable, sensitivity. Concomitant AD pathology does not influence diagnostic accuracy of the CISRs. In DLB patients, presence of CIS is associated with relative preserved memory function and impaired processing speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ruohua Feng
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmus Vogel
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Mellergaard
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Otto Mølby Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Steen Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loftus JR, Puri S, Meyers SP. Multimodality imaging of neurodegenerative disorders with a focus on multiparametric magnetic resonance and molecular imaging. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:8. [PMID: 36645560 PMCID: PMC9842851 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases afflict a large number of persons worldwide, with the prevalence and incidence of dementia rapidly increasing. Despite their prevalence, clinical diagnosis of dementia syndromes remains imperfect with limited specificity. Conventional structural-based imaging techniques also lack the accuracy necessary for confident diagnosis. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging provide the promise of improving specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease as well as therapeutic monitoring of monoclonal antibody therapy. This educational review will briefly focus on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathologic findings of common and uncommon neurodegenerative diseases. Imaging features of each disease spanning from conventional magnetic resonance sequences to advanced multiparametric methods such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling imaging will be described in detail. Additionally, the review will explore the findings of each diagnosis on molecular imaging including single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography with a variety of clinically used and experimental radiotracers. The literature and clinical cases provided demonstrate the power of advanced magnetic resonance imaging and molecular techniques in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and areas of future and ongoing research. With the advent of combined positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scanners, hybrid protocols utilizing both techniques are an attractive option for improving the evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ryan Loftus
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Savita Puri
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Steven P. Meyers
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Disrupted default mode network and executive control network are associated with depression severity on structural network. Neuroreport 2022; 33:227-235. [PMID: 35287146 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder with a relatively limited response to treatment. It is necessary to better understand the neuroanatomical mechanisms of structural networks. METHODS The current study recruited 181 first-onset, untreated adult MDD patients: slight MDD (SD, N = 23), moderate MDD (MD, N = 77), Heavy MDD (HD, N = 81) groups; along with a healthy control group (HC, N = 81) with matched general clinical data. FreeSurfer was used to preprocess T1 images for gray matter volume (GMV), and the default mode network (DMN) and the execution control network (ECN) were analyzed by structural covariance network (SCN). RESULTS Present study found that the GMV of brain regions reduced with the severity of the disease. Specifically, the GMV of the left anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC.L) is negatively correlated with MDD severity. In addition, the SCN connectivity of the whole-brain network increases with the increase of severity in MDD. ACC.L is a key brain region with increased connectivity between the left orbitofrontal in DMN and between the right orbitofrontal in ECN, which leads to damage to the balance of neural circuits. CONCLUSIONS Patients with smaller GMV of ACC.L are more likely to develop severe MDD, and as a key region in both networks which have distinct structural network models in DMN and ECN. MDD patients with different severity have different neuroimaging changes in DMN and ECN.
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo XY, Chang Y, Kim Y, Rhee HY, Cho AR, Park S, Ryu CW, San Lee J, Lee KM, Shin W, Park KC, Kim EJ, Jahng GH. Development and evaluation of a T1 standard brain template for Alzheimer disease. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2224-2244. [PMID: 34079697 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have high variability in brain tissue loss, making it difficult to use a disease-specific standard brain template. The objective of this study was to develop an AD-specific three-dimensional (3D) T1 brain tissue template and to evaluate the characteristics of the populations used to form the template. Methods We obtained 3D T1-weighted images from 294 individuals, including 101 AD, 96 amnestic MCI, and 97 cognitively normal (CN) elderly individuals, and segmented them into different brain tissues to generate AD-specific brain tissue templates. Demographic data and clinical outcome scores were compared between the three groups. Voxel-based analyses and regions-of-interest-based analyses were performed to compare gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) between the three participant groups and to evaluate the relationship of GMV and WMV loss with age, years of education, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Results We created high-resolution AD-specific tissue probability maps (TPMs). In the AD and MCI groups, losses of both GMV and WMV were found with respect to the CN group in the hippocampus (F >44.60, P<0.001). GMV was lower with increasing age in all individuals in the left (r=-0.621, P<0.001) and right (r=-0.632, P<0.001) hippocampi. In the left hippocampus, GMV was positively correlated with years of education in the CN groups (r=0.345, P<0.001) but not in the MCI (r=0.223, P=0.0293) or AD (r=-0.021, P=0.835) groups. WMV of the corpus callosum was not significantly correlated with years of education in any of the three subject groups (r=0.035 and P=0.549 for left, r=0.013 and P=0.821 for right). In all individuals, GMV of the hippocampus was significantly correlated with MMSE scores (left, r=0.710 and P<0.001; right, r=0.680 and P<0.001), while WMV of the corpus callosum showed a weak correlation (left, r=0.142 and P=0.015; right, r=0.123 and P=0.035). Conclusions A 3D, T1 brain tissue template was created using imaging data from CN, MCI, and AD participants considering the participants' age, sex, and years of education. Our disease-specific template can help evaluate brains to promote early diagnosis of MCI individuals and aid treatment of MCI and AD individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Guo
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Undergraduate School, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Undergraduate School, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchan Park
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin San Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchul Shin
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Chung Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Status and Brain Structure 12 Months after Mild Traumatic Injury: Brain Age Prediction Using Brain Morphometry and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030418. [PMID: 33499167 PMCID: PMC7865561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 is associated with poor outcome following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is a lack of studies investigating the influence of APOE ɛ4 on intracranial pathology following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This study explores the association between APOE ɛ4 and MRI measures of brain age prediction, brain morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: Patients aged 16 to 65 with acute MTBI admitted to the trauma center were included. Multimodal MRI was performed 12 months after injury and associated with APOE ɛ4 status. Corrections for multiple comparisons were done using false discovery rate (FDR). Results: Of included patients, 123 patients had available APOE, volumetric, and DTI data of sufficient quality. There were no differences between APOE ɛ4 carriers (39%) and non-carriers in demographic and clinical data. Age prediction revealed high accuracy both for the DTI-based and the brain morphometry based model. Group comparisons revealed no significant differences in brain-age gap between ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers, and no significant differences in conventional measures of brain morphometry and volumes. Compared to non-carriers, APOE ɛ4 carriers showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the hippocampal part of the cingulum bundle, which did not remain significant after FDR adjustment. Conclusion: APOE ɛ4 carriers might be vulnerable to reduced neuronal integrity in the cingulum. Larger cohort studies are warranted to replicate this finding.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cortical atrophy mediates the accumulating effects of vascular risk factors on cognitive decline in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15058-15076. [PMID: 32726298 PMCID: PMC7425455 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing concerns regarding the association of vascular risk factors (VRFs) and cognitive decline in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. Currently, we investigated whether the accumulating effects of VRFs influenced gray matter volumes and subsequently led to cognitive decline in the AD spectrum. Mediation analysis was used to explore the association among VRFs, cortical atrophy, and cognition in the AD spectrum. 123 AD spectrum were recruited and VRF scores were constructed. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher VRF scores were correlated with lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores and higher Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale scores, indicating higher VRF scores lead to severer cognitive decline in the AD spectrum. In addition, subjects with higher VRF scores suffered severe cortical atrophy, especially in medial prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe. More importantly, common circuits of VRFs- and cognitive decline associated with gray matter atrophy were identified. Further, using mediation analysis, we demonstrated that cortical atrophy regions significantly mediated the relationship between VRF scores and cognitive decline in the AD spectrum. These findings highlight the importance of accumulating risk in the vascular contribution to AD spectrum, and targeting VRFs may provide new strategies for the therapeutic and prevention of AD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Patterson L, Firbank MJ, Colloby SJ, Attems J, Thomas AJ, Morris CM. Neuropathological Changes in Dementia With Lewy Bodies and the Cingulate Island Sign. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:717-724. [PMID: 31271438 PMCID: PMC6640897 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cingulate island sign (CIS) refers to the relative sparing of metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and represents an important biomarker in distinguishing dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer disease (AD). The underlying basis of the CIS is unknown; therefore, our aim was to investigate which neurodegenerative changes underpin the formation of CIS. Using quantitative neuropathology, α-synuclein, phosphorylated Tau, and amyloid-β pathology was assessed in 12 DLB, 9 AD and 6 age-matched control patients in the anterior cingulate (ACC), midcingulate, PCC, precuneus/cuneus and parahippocampal gyrus. All participants had undergone 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography imaging during life to define the presence or absence of CIS. In the DLB group, no significant correlations were observed between CIS ratios and neurodegenerative pathology in PCC. In DLB, however, the ACC showed lower HMPAO uptake, as well as significantly higher α-synuclein and amyloid-β burden compared with PCC, possibly underlying the relative preservation of perfusion in PCC when compared with ACC. Our findings suggest that neurodegenerative pathology does not directly correlate with the CIS in DLB, and other metabolic or pathological changes are therefore more likely to be relevant for the development of the CIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Patterson
- Alzheimer’s Society Doctoral Training Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael J Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sean J Colloby
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Alzheimer’s Society Doctoral Training Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Márquez F, Yassa MA. Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:21. [PMID: 31174557 PMCID: PMC6555939 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, over five million Americans suffer with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the absence of a cure, this number could increase to 13.8 million by 2050. A critical goal of biomedical research is to establish indicators of AD during the preclinical stage (i.e. biomarkers) allowing for early diagnosis and intervention. Numerous advances have been made in developing biomarkers for AD using neuroimaging approaches. These approaches offer tremendous versatility in terms of targeting distinct age-related and pathophysiological mechanisms such as structural decline (e.g. volumetry, cortical thinning), functional decline (e.g. fMRI activity, network correlations), connectivity decline (e.g. diffusion anisotropy), and pathological aggregates (e.g. amyloid and tau PET). In this review, we survey the state of the literature on neuroimaging approaches to developing novel biomarkers for the amnestic form of AD, with an emphasis on combining approaches into multimodal biomarkers. We also discuss emerging methods including imaging epigenetics, neuroinflammation, and synaptic integrity using PET tracers. Finally, we review the complementary information that neuroimaging biomarkers provide, which highlights the potential utility of composite biomarkers as suitable outcome measures for proof-of-concept clinical trials with experimental therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddie Márquez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balážová Z, Nováková M, Minsterová A, Rektorová I. Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Dementia With Lewy Bodies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 144:95-141. [PMID: 30638458 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although diagnosis may be challenging, there is increasing evidence that the use of biomarkers according to 2017 revised criteria for diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies can increase diagnostic accuracy. Apart from nuclear medicine techniques, various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been utilized in attempt to enhance diagnostic accuracy. This chapter reviews structural, functional and diffusion MRI studies in DLB cohorts being compared to healthy controls, AD or dementia in Parkinson's disease (PDD). We also included relatively new MRI methods that may have potential to identify early DLB subjects and aim at examining brain iron and neuromelanin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Balážová
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Nováková
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Minsterová
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorová
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cavedo E, Lista S, Rojkova K, Chiesa PA, Houot M, Brueggen K, Blautzik J, Bokde ALW, Dubois B, Barkhof F, Pouwels PJW, Teipel S, Hampel H. Disrupted white matter structural networks in healthy older adult APOE ε4 carriers - An international multicenter DTI study. Neuroscience 2017; 357:119-133. [PMID: 28596117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 allelic variant of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE ε4) is the best-established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). White matter (WM) microstructural damages measured with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) represent an early sign of fiber tract disconnection in AD. We examined the impact of APOE ε4 on WM microstructure in elderly individuals from the multicenter European DTI Study on Dementia. Voxelwise statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, radial and axial diffusivity (MD, radD and axD respectively) was carried out using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Seventy-four healthy elderly individuals - 31 APOE ε4 carriers (APOE ε4+) and 43 APOE ε4 non-carriers (APOE ε4-) -were considered for data analysis. All the results were corrected for scanner acquisition protocols, age, gender and for multiple comparisons. APOE ε4+ and APOE ε4- subjects were comparable regarding sociodemographic features and global cognition. A significant reduction of FA and increased radD was found in the APOE ε4+ compared to the APOE ε4- in the cingulum, in the corpus callosum, in the inferior fronto-occipital and in the inferior longitudinal fasciculi, internal and external capsule. APOE ε4+, compared to APOE ε4- showed higher MD in the genu, right internal capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus and corona radiate. Comparisons stratified by center supported the results obtained on the whole sample. These findings support previous evidence in monocentric studies indicating a modulatory role of APOE ɛ4 allele on WM microstructure in elderly individuals at risk for AD suggesting early vulnerability and/or reduced resilience of WM tracts involved in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Katrine Rojkova
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrizia A Chiesa
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), ICM, APHP Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | - Janusch Blautzik
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Department of MRI, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Departament of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Teipel
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
The role of the retina in visual hallucinations: A review of the literature and implications for psychosis. Neuropsychologia 2017; 99:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Iizuka T, Kameyama M. Cingulate island sign on FDG-PET is associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:421-9. [PMID: 27098829 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cingulate island sign (CIS), which refers to sparing of the posterior cingulate relative to the precuneus and cuneus, has been proposed as an FDG-PET imaging feature of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The sign is reportedly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) type neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology in autopsy cases. To confirm this relationship using neuroimaging modalities in vivo, we investigated associations between CIS and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy in DLB. METHODS Twenty-four patients each of DLB and AD underwent both (18)F-FDG-PET and MRI with voxel-based morphometry. Dopamine transporter (DAT) density was also measured by DAT-SPECT in all those with DLB and in five with AD. The accumulation of FDG in the posterior cingulate ROI was divided by that in the precuneus plus cuneus ROI to derive the CIS ratio from the FDG-PET images. Values for cognitive function of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and scores for the core-feature triad of fluctuation, hallucination and parkinsonism were also statistically analyzed. RESULTS The CIS ratio was higher in DLB than in AD (p < 0.001). The degree of MTL atrophy was lower in DLB than in AD (p < 0.001). The CIS ratio and the degree of MTL atrophy were inversely correlated with DLB (p < 0.001) and with AD (p < 0.05). The CIS ratio did not significantly correlate with DAT density in DLB or with MMSE, FAB, fluctuation score and parkinsonism score. However, the CIS ratio significantly correlated with RAVLT and hallucination scores (both, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The CIS on FDG-PET in DLB was associated with MTL atrophy but not with striatal DAT density, suggesting that the CIS is a useful neuroimaging biomarker to evaluate coexisting AD-type NFT pathology in vivo. The CIS was also associated with memory impairment and visual hallucination in DLB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomichi Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 24-1-3, Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8522, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kameyama
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Caso F, Agosta F, Filippi M. Insights into White Matter Damage in Alzheimer's Disease: From Postmortem to in vivo Diffusion Tensor MRI Studies. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 16:26-33. [DOI: 10.1159/000441422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
14
|
Lim JS, Shin SA, Lee JY, Nam H, Lee JY, Kim YK. Neural substrates of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 23:31-6. [PMID: 26678512 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate neural substrates of symptomatic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) by analyzing brain changes based on both hypothesis-free and hypothesis-driven neuroimaging analyses. METHODS A total of 63 subjects (14 PDRBD-, 24 PDRBD+, and 25 age-matched healthy controls = HC) were enrolled in this study. RBD was defined by RBD screening questionnaire with video-polysomnographic confirmation. All subjects underwent volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging. The whole brain gray- and white-matter changes were analyzed and the central ascending cholinergic pathway involving the pedunculopontine nucleus and thalamus was compared with a region-of-interest analysis and probabilistic tractography. RESULTS The PDRBD+ group showed decreased gray matter volume of the left posterior cingulate and hippocampus compared to the PDRBD- and additional gray matter decrease in the left precuneus, cuneus, medial frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and both inferior parietal lobule compared to the HC group (uncorrected p < 0.001, k = 50). There were no significant differences in white matter changes between the PDRBD- and PDRBD+ groups both by fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivities. However, both PD groups showed widespread changes by fractional anisotropy reductions and mean diffusivity increments compared to HC (p < 0.05 corrected). There were no significant differences in tract-based spatial statistics and the normalized tract volumes as well as the diffusion indices of both the thalamus and pedunculopontine nuclei among the study groups. CONCLUSIONS The appearance of RBD in PD may be related to regional gray matter changes in the left posterior cingulate and hippocampus but not localized to the brainstem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Nam
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nedelska Z, Schwarz CG, Boeve BF, Lowe VJ, Reid RI, Przybelski SA, Lesnick TG, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Ferman TJ, Smith GE, Geda YE, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Kantarci K. White matter integrity in dementia with Lewy bodies: a voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2010-7. [PMID: 25863527 PMCID: PMC4433563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) have overlapping Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology, which may contribute to white matter (WM) diffusivity alterations on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Consecutive patients with DLB (n = 30), age- and sex-matched AD patients (n = 30), and cognitively normal controls (n = 60) were recruited. All subjects underwent DTI, 18F 2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose, and (11)C Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scans. DLB patients had reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the parietooccipital WM but not elsewhere compared with cognitively normal controls, and elevated FA in parahippocampal WM compared with AD patients, which persisted after controlling for β-amyloid load in DLB. The pattern of WM FA alterations on DTI was consistent with the more diffuse posterior parietal and occipital glucose hypometabolism of 2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography in the cortex. DLB is characterized by a loss of parietooccipital WM integrity, independent of concomitant AD-related β-amyloid load. Cortical glucose hypometabolism accompanies WM FA alterations with a concordant pattern of gray and WM involvement in the parietooccipital lobes in DLB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nedelska
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, The Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, The Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert I Reid
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Glenn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yonas E Geda
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, The Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arenivas A, Diaz-Arrastia R, Spence J, Cullum CM, Krishnan K, Bosworth C, Culver C, Kennard B, Marquez de la Plata C. Three approaches to investigating functional compromise to the default mode network after traumatic axonal injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 8:407-19. [PMID: 22847713 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-012-9191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a reliably elicited functional neural network with potential clinical implications. Its discriminant and prognostic utility following traumatic axonal injury (TAI) have not been previously investigated. The present study used three approaches to analyze DMN functional connectedness, including a whole-brain analysis [A1], network-specific analysis [A2], and between-node (edge) analysis [A3]. The purpose was to identify the utility of each method in distinguishing between healthy and brain-injured individuals, and determine whether observed differences have clinical significance. Resting-state fMRI was acquired from 25 patients with TAI and 17 healthy controls. Patients were scanned 6-11 months post-injury, and functional and neurocognitive outcomes were assessed the same day. Using all three approaches, TAI subjects revealed significantly weaker functional connectivity (FC) than controls, and binary logistic regressions demonstrated all three approaches have discriminant value. Clinical outcomes were not correlated with FC using any approach. Results suggest that compromise to the functional connectedness of the DMN after TAI can be identified using resting-state FC; however, the degree of functional compromise to this network, as measured in this study, may not have clinical implications in chronic TAI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arenivas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Willer L, Havsteen I, Ovesen C, Christensen AF, Christensen H. Computed Tomography--Verified Leukoaraiosis Is a Risk Factor for Post-thrombolytic Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:1126-30. [PMID: 25920756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Is computed tomography (CT)-verified leukoaraiosis (LA) a risk factor for post-thrombolytic hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic hemorrhage? METHODS (1) Retrospective analysis based on a prospectively planned single-center registry of consecutive tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-treated patients within 4.5 hours from symptom onset. Standard work-up included baseline noncontrast CT and CT angiography and next day follow-up noncontrast CT. Baseline noncontrast CT LA was graded using Fazekas' score and dichotomized as the absence (Fazekas, 0) or the presence (Fazekas, 1-3). Hemorrhagic transformation was rated using European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) criteria. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was defined as hemorrhage and deterioration of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 4 or greater within 36 hours from symptom onset. Endovascularly treated patients were excluded. (2) Pooled analysis with 1312 tPA-treated patients from literature. RESULTS In all, 311 tPA-treated patients were included between April 2009 and July 2012. LA was present in 113 (36%). Twenty-three (7%) showed hemorrhagic transformation. LA positive patients had significantly higher hemorrhagic transformation frequency (11.5%, P = .04). LA doubled hemorrhagic transformation risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-5.8). Only 4 patients developed symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, 3 with LA. LA was not an independent risk factor for hemorrhagic transformation (P = .2). Pooled analysis of 1623 patients in total, hereof 479 LA positive patients, showed significantly higher symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage frequency in 35 (7.3%) LA positive than that in 44 (3.8%) LA negative patients, (P = .005) and doubled symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage risk in LA positives (OR, 1.97; 95% CI 1.22-3.19). CONCLUSIONS LA doubles the risk of post-thrombolytic hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic hemorrhage; this finding does not support withholding thrombolysis from patients with LA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Willer
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Inger Havsteen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark.
| | - Christian Ovesen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rémy F, Vayssière N, Saint-Aubert L, Barbeau E, Pariente J. White matter disruption at the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease: relationships with hippocampal atrophy and episodic memory performance. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:482-92. [PMID: 25685715 PMCID: PMC4326466 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
White matter tract alterations have been consistently described in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, limbic fronto-temporal connections, which are critical to episodic memory function, may degenerate early in the course of the disease. However the relation between white matter tract degeneration, hippocampal atrophy and episodic memory impairment at the earliest stages of AD is still unclear. In this magnetic resonance imaging study, white matter integrity and hippocampal volumes were evaluated in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment due to AD (Albert et al., 2011) (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 15). Performance in various episodic memory tasks was also evaluated in each participant. Relative to controls, patients showed a significant reduction of white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and increase of radial diffusivity (RD) in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, parahippocampal cingulum and fornix. Within the patient group, significant intra-hemispheric correlations were notably found between hippocampal grey matter volume and FA in the uncinate fasciculus, suggesting a relationship between atrophy and disconnection of the hippocampus. Moreover, episodic recognition scores were related with uncinate fasciculus FA across patients. These results indicate that fronto-hippocampal connectivity is reduced from the earliest pre-demential stages of AD. Disruption of fronto-hippocampal connections may occur progressively, in parallel with hippocampal atrophy, and may specifically contribute to early initial impairment in episodic memory. Limbic fronto-temporal connections (cingulum, uncinate fasciculus and fornix) are altered from the prodromal stage of AD. In prodromal AD patients, intra-hemispheric correlations were found between uncinate fasciculus FA and hippocampal atrophy. In prodromal AD patients, uncinate fasciculus FA was correlated with scores on episodic recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Rémy
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, UPS, France ; CNRS, CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vayssière
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, UPS, France ; CNRS, CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, UPS, France ; CNRS, CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- INSERM, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, UMR 825, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Nie B, Zhu H, Liu H, Wang J, Duan S, Shan B. Factors affecting the voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Pelletier A, Periot O, Dilharreguy B, Hiba B, Bordessoules M, Pérès K, Amieva H, Dartigues JF, Allard M, Catheline G. Structural hippocampal network alterations during healthy aging: a multi-modal MRI study. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:84. [PMID: 24367331 PMCID: PMC3852215 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While hippocampal atrophy has been described during healthy aging, few studies have examined its relationship with the integrity of White Matter (WM) connecting tracts of the limbic system. This investigation examined WM structural damage specifically related to hippocampal atrophy in healthy aging subjects (n = 129), using morphological MRI to assess hippocampal volume and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to assess WM integrity. Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia were excluded from the analysis. In our sample, increasing age was significantly associated with reduced hippocampal volume and reduced Fractional Anisotropy (FA) at the level of the fornix and the cingulum bundle. The findings also demonstrate that hippocampal atrophy was specifically associated with reduced FA of the fornix bundle, but it was not related to alteration of the cingulum bundle. Our results indicate that the relationship between hippocampal atrophy and fornix FA values is not due to an independent effect of age on both structures. A recursive regression procedure was applied to evaluate sequential relationships between the alterations of these two brain structures. When both hippocampal atrophy and fornix FA values were included in the same model to predict age, fornix FA values remained significant whereas hippocampal atrophy was no longer significantly associated with age. According to this latter finding, hippocampal atrophy in healthy aging could be mediated by a loss of fornix connections. Structural alterations of this part of the limbic system, which have been associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, result at least in part from the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pelletier
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; EPHE Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Periot
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire Bordeaux, France
| | - Bixente Dilharreguy
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France
| | | | - Martine Bordessoules
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Pérès
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre ISPED, INSERM U 897 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre ISPED, INSERM U 897 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Michèle Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; EPHE Bordeaux, France ; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire Bordeaux, France
| | - Gwénaëlle Catheline
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; EPHE Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders leading to dementia are common diseases that affect many older and some young adults. Neuroimaging methods are important tools for assessing and monitoring pathological brain changes associated with progressive neurodegenerative conditions. In this review, the authors describe key findings from neuroimaging studies (magnetic resonance imaging and radionucleotide imaging) in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prodromal stages, familial and atypical AD syndromes, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with and without dementia, Parkinson's disease with and without dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and prion protein associated diseases (i.e., Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). The authors focus on neuroimaging findings of in vivo pathology in these disorders, as well as the potential for neuroimaging to provide useful information for differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
In vivo human hippocampal cingulate connectivity: A corticocortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) study. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1547-56. [PMID: 23535454 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Hsiao FJ, Wang YJ, Yan SH, Chen WT, Lin YY. Altered oscillation and synchronization of default-mode network activity in mild Alzheimer's disease compared to mild cognitive impairment: an electrophysiological study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68792. [PMID: 23874766 PMCID: PMC3708894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some researchers have suggested that the default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To examine whether the cortical activities in DMN regions show significant difference between mild AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), electrophysiological responses were analyzed from 21 mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 21 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients during an eyes closed, resting-state condition. The spectral power and functional connectivity of the DMN were estimated using a minimum norm estimate (MNE) combined with fast Fourier transform and imaginary coherence analysis. Our results indicated that source-based EEG maps of resting-state activity showed alterations of cortical spectral power in mild AD when compared to MCI. These alterations are characteristic of attenuated alpha or beta activities in the DMN, as are enhanced delta or theta activities in the medial temporal, inferior parietal, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. With regard to altered synchronization in AD, altered functional interconnections were observed as specific connectivity patterns of connection hubs in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and medial temporal regions. Moreover, posterior theta and alpha power and altered connectivity in the medial temporal lobe correlated significantly with scores obtained on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In conclusion, EEG is a useful tool for investigating the DMN in the brain and differentiating early stage AD and MCI patients. This is a promising finding; however, further large-scale studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leal SL, Yassa MA. Perturbations of neural circuitry in aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:823-31. [PMID: 23380151 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global public health threat that continues to rise as the proportion of the population over the age of 60 rapidly increases. Aging and dementia are both associated with cognitive decline and share some features in terms of structural and functional alterations in neural circuitry. In this review, we attempt to highlight the network perturbations that occur in "typical" aging and emphasize how they may differ from those that manifest in dementia. We focus in particular on neuroimaging studies of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) network, which is involved in episodic memory and is known to change both with age and with AD pathology. We propose a temporal model of structural and functional alterations in the MTL along the aging-dementia continuum. The earliest changes are synaptic in nature and are detectable in particularly vulnerable white matter pathways such as the perforant path. These are followed by structural degradation in the transentorhinal region and subsequently neurodegeneration of the hippocampus as a result of accumulating pathology as well as deafferentation from entorhinal input. We believe that testing this model explicitly is an important direction for future research, particularly in the context of biomarker discovery and clinical trial design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Leal
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Multivariate classification of patients with Alzheimer's and dementia with Lewy bodies using high-dimensional cortical thickness measurements: an MRI surface-based morphometric study. J Neurol 2012; 260:1104-15. [PMID: 23224109 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the most common neurodegenerative dementia types. It is important to differentiate between them because of the differences in prognosis and treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE Investigate if sparse partial least squares (SPLS) classification of cortical thickness measurements could differentiate between AD and DLB. METHODS Two independent cohorts without MR-protocol alignment in Norway and Slovenia with 97 AD and DLB subjects were enrolled. Cortical thickness measurements acquired with Freesurfer were used in subsequent SPLS classification runs. The cohorts were analyzed separately and afterwards combined. The models were trained with leave-one-out cross validation and test datasets where used when available. To study the impact of MR-protocol alignment, the classifiers were additionally tested on sets drawn exclusively from the independent cohorts. RESULTS The obtained sensitivity/specificity/AUC values were 94.4/88.89/0.978 and 88.2/94.1/0.969 in the Norwegian and Slovenian cohorts, respectively. Both cohorts showed AD-associated pattern of thinning in mid-anterior temporal, occipital and subgenual cingulate cortex, whereas the pattern supportive for DLB included thinning in dorsal cingulate, posterior temporal and lateral orbitofrontal regions. When combining the cohorts, sensitivity/specificity/AUC were 82.1/85.7/0.948 for the training and 77.8/75/0.731 for the testing datasets with the same pattern-of-difference. The models tested on datasets drawn exclusively from the independent cohorts did not produce adequate accuracy. CONCLUSION SPLS classification of cortical thickness is a good method for differentiating between AD and DLB, relatively stable even for mixed data, but not when tested on completely independent data drawn from different cohorts (without MR-protocol alignment).
Collapse
|
26
|
Watson R, Blamire AM, Colloby SJ, Wood JS, Barber R, He J, O'Brien JT. Characterizing dementia with Lewy bodies by means of diffusion tensor imaging. Neurology 2012; 79:906-14. [PMID: 22895591 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318266fc51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate patterns of in vivo white matter tract change using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we conducted a cross-sectional study of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in comparison with Alzheimer disease (AD) and normal aging. METHODS The study included 106 subjects (35 with DLB, 36 with AD, and 35 elderly controls) who underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment and diffusion tensor MRI. We used tract-based spatial statistics to investigate patterns of reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) across the entire white matter tract skeleton and also investigated correlations with clinical features. RESULTS Areas of reduced FA in subjects with DLB vs controls were found primarily in parieto-occipital white matter tracts; in AD, the changes were much more diffuse. DLB was also associated with reduced FA in the pons and left thalamus, in comparison with AD. The pattern of MD increase was diffuse in AD and DLB. We found an association between DTI parameters and impaired episodic memory, letter fluency, and severity of motor parkinsonism in DLB. CONCLUSIONS Despite a similar level of dementia severity, patterns of DTI changes in AD and DLB differed significantly. The selective involvement of the visual association areas and subcortical structures and the significant clinical correlations highlight the potential importance of white matter tract change in the pathogenesis of DLB. DTI may be a useful technique to investigate early and possible preclinical changes in DLB and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Watson
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Watson R, O’Brien JT. Differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease using MRI. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.12.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Despite the characteristic clinical differences between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a large degree of overlap exists. In particular, the clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB lack sensitivity so that many cases of DLB will be missed during life. MRI techniques offer a noninvasive method to assess the brain structure and function in more detail. In particular, advanced MRI methods such as diffusion-tensor imaging, functional MRI, arterial spin labeling (perfusion) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy may offer more sensitive methods to detect early and, possibly, preclinical change in dementia and contribute to our understanding of the differences between AD and DLB. This paper provides an overview of MRI changes in DLB and AD, the relationship to other imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography and PET, highlighting the differences between the conditions currently applicable to the clinical setting, as well as recent developments in MRI methods yet to be translated into large-scale clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Watson
- Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - John T O’Brien
- Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
MacKenzie-Graham AJ, Rinek GA, Avedisian A, Morales LB, Umeda E, Boulat B, Jacobs RE, Toga AW, Voskuhl RR. Estrogen treatment prevents gray matter atrophy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1310-23. [PMID: 22411609 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter atrophy is an important correlate to clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), and many treatment trials include atrophy as an outcome measure. Atrophy has been shown to occur in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used animal model of MS. The clinical severity of EAE is reduced in estrogen-reated mice, but it remains unknown whether estrogen treatment can reduce gray matter atrophy in EAE. In this study, mice with EAE were treated with either estrogen receptor (ER)-α ligand or ER-β ligand, and diffusion tensor images (DTI) were collected and neuropathology was performed. DTI showed atrophy in the cerebellar gray matter of vehicle-treated EAE mice compared with healthy controls but not in ER-α or ER-β ligand-treated EAE mice. Neuropathology demonstrated that Purkinje cell numbers were decreased in vehicle-treated EAE mice, whereas neither ER ligand-treated EAE groups showed a decrease. This is the first report of a neuroprotective therapy in EAE that unambiguously prevents gray matter atrophy while sparing a major neuronal cell type. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cerebellar white matter was decreased in vehicle- and ER-β ligand-treated but not in ER-α ligand-treated EAE mice. Inflammatory cell infiltration was increased in vehicle- and ER-β ligand-treated but not in ER-α ligand-treated EAE mice. Myelin staining was decreased in vehicle-treated EAE mice and was spared in both ER ligand-treated groups. This is consistent with decreased FA as a potential biomarker for inflammation rather than myelination or axonal damage in the cerebellum in EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan J MacKenzie-Graham
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kamagata K, Motoi Y, Abe O, Shimoji K, Hori M, Nakanishi A, Sano T, Kuwatsuru R, Aoki S, Hattori N. White matter alteration of the cingulum in Parkinson disease with and without dementia: evaluation by diffusion tensor tract-specific analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:890-5. [PMID: 22241380 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In PD, the neurodegenerative process begins in the brain stem and extends to the limbic system and finally into the cerebral cortex. We used diffusion tensor tractography to investigate the FA of the cingulate fiber tracts in patients with PD with and without dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with PD, 15 patients with PDD, and 15 age-matched healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging with a 3T MR imager. Diffusion tensor tractography images of the anterior and posterior cingulate fiber tracts were generated. Mean diffusivity and FA were measured along the tractography of the anterior and posterior cingulate fiber tracts. One-way ANOVA with the Scheffé post hoc test was used to compare results among the groups. RESULTS FA was significantly lower in patients with PDD than in healthy controls in both the anterior and the posterior cingulate fiber tracts (P = .003, P = .015) and significantly lower in patients with PD than in healthy controls (P = .003) in the anterior cingulate fiber tract. There were no significant mean diffusivity differences among the groups. MMSE and FA values of the anterior cingulate fiber tracts in patients with PDD were significantly correlated (r = 0.633, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The reduced FA in patients with PD and PDD might reflect neuropathologic changes such as Lewy body pathology in the cingulate fibers. This abnormality might contribute to the dementing process in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8421 Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Skaper SD. Alzheimer's disease and amyloid: culprit or coincidence? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2012; 102:277-316. [PMID: 22748834 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386986-9.00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the largest unmet medical need in neurology today. This most common form of irreversible dementia is placing a considerable and increasing burden on patients, caregivers, and society, as more people live long enough to become affected. Current drugs improve symptoms but do not have profound neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying effects. AD is characterized by loss of neurons, dystrophic neurites, senile/amyloid/neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic loss. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposition is the major pathological feature of AD. Increasing evidence suggests that overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein and subsequent generation of the 39-43 amino acid residue, Aβ, are central to neuronal degeneration observed in AD patients possessing familial AD mutations, while transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein develop AD-like pathology. Despite the genetic and cell biological evidence that supports the amyloid hypothesis, it is becoming increasing clear that AD etiology is complex and that Aβ alone is unable to account for all aspects of AD. The fact that vast overproduction of Aβ peptides in the brain of transgenic mouse models fails to cause overt neurodegeneration raises the question as to whether accumulation of Aβ peptides is indeed the culprit for neurodegeneration in AD. There is increasing evidence to suggest that Aβ/amyloid-independent factors, including the actions of AD-related genes (microtubule-associated protein tau, polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E4), inflammation, and oxidative stress, also contribute to AD pathogenesis. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge on these factors and their possible interactions, as well as their potential for neuroprotection targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gold BT, Johnson NF, Powell DK, Smith CD. White matter integrity and vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:416-22. [PMID: 21803153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging biomarkers that precede cognitive decline have the potential to aid early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A body of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) work has demonstrated declines in white matter (WM) microstructure in AD and its typical prodromal state, amnestic mild cognitive impairment. The present review summarizes recent evidence suggesting that WM integrity declines are present in individuals at high AD-risk, prior to cognitive decline. The available data suggest that AD-risk is associated with WM integrity declines in a subset of tracts showing decline in symptomatic AD. Specifically, AD-risk has been associated with WM integrity declines in tracts that connect gray matter structures associated with memory function. These tracts include parahippocampal WM, the cingulum, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the splenium of the corpus callosum. Preliminary evidence suggests that some AD-risk declines are characterized by increases of radial diffusivity, raising the possibility that a myelin-related pathology may contribute to AD onset. These findings justify future research aimed at a more complete understanding of the neurobiological bases of DTI-based declines in AD. With continued refinement of imaging methods, DTI holds promise as a method to aid identification of presymptomatic AD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Imaging Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gold
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miettinen PS, Pihlajamäki M, Jauhiainen AM, Niskanen E, Hänninen T, Vanninen R, Soininen H. Structure and function of medial temporal and posteromedial cortices in early Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:320-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
33
|
Desai MK, Guercio BJ, Narrow WC, Bowers WJ. An Alzheimer's disease-relevant presenilin-1 mutation augments amyloid-beta-induced oligodendrocyte dysfunction. Glia 2011; 59:627-40. [PMID: 21294162 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
White matter pathology has been documented in the brains of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-afflicted individuals during presymptomatic and preclinical stages of AD. How these defects in myelination integrity arise and what roles they may play in AD pathophysiology have yet to be fully elucidated. We previously demonstrated that triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice, which harbor the human amyloid precursor Swedish mutation, presenilin-1 M146V (PS1(M146V) ) knock-in mutation, and tau(P301L) mutation, exhibit myelin abnormalities analogous to FAD patients and that Aβ(1-42) contributes to these white matter deficits. Herein, we demonstrate that the PS1(M146V) mutation predisposes mouse oligodendrocyte precursor (mOP) cells to Aβ(1-42) -induced alterations in cell differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, PS1(M146V) expression compromised mOP cell function and MBP protein distribution, a process that is further aggravated with exposure to Aβ(1-42) . We found that the myelination defect and MBP subcellular mislocalization triggered by PS1(M146V) and Aβ(1-42) can be effectively prevented by treatment with the GSK-3β inhibitor, TWS119, thereby implicating GSK-3β kinase activity in this pathogenic cascade. Overall, this work provides further mechanistic insights into PS1(M146V) and Aβ(1-42) -driven oligodendrocyte dysfunction andmyelin damage during early presymptomatic stages of AD, and provides a new target in oligodendrocytes for developing therapies designed to avert AD-related white matter pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya K Desai
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bernstein HG, Johnson M, Perry RH, LeBeau FE, Dobrowolny H, Bogerts B, Perry EK. Partial loss of parvalbumin-containing hippocampal interneurons in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neuropathology 2011; 31:1-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
35
|
Ryan L, Walther K, Bendlin BB, Lue LF, Walker DG, Glisky EL. Age-related differences in white matter integrity and cognitive function are related to APOE status. Neuroimage 2011; 54:1565-77. [PMID: 20804847 PMCID: PMC2997188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While an extensive literature is now available on age-related differences in white matter integrity measured by diffusion MRI, relatively little is known about the relationships between diffusion and cognitive functions in older adults. Even less is known about whether these relationships are influenced by the apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele, despite growing evidence that ε4 increases cognitive impairment in older adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine these relationships in a group of community-dwelling cognitively normal older adults. Data were obtained from a sample of 126 individuals (ages 52-92) that included 32 ε4 heterozygotes, 6 ε4 homozygotes, and 88 noncarriers. Two measures of diffusion, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA), were obtained from six brain regions-frontal white matter, lateral parietal white matter, the centrum semiovale, the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, and the temporal stem white matter-and were used to predict composite scores of cognitive function in two domains, executive function and memory function. Results indicated that ADC and FA differed with increasing age in all six brain regions, and these differences were significantly greater for ε4 carriers compared to noncarriers. Importantly, after controlling for age, diffusion measures predicted cognitive function in a region-specific way that was also influenced by ε4 status. Regardless of APOE status, frontal ADC and FA independently predicted executive function scores for all participants, while temporal lobe ADC additionally predicted executive function for ε4 carriers but not noncarriers. Memory scores were predicted by temporal lobe ADC but not frontal diffusion for all participants, and this relationship was significantly stronger in ε4 carriers compared to noncarriers. Taken together, age and temporal lobe ADC accounted for a striking 53% of the variance in memory scores within the ε4 carrier group. The results provide further evidence that APOE ε4 has a significant impact on the trajectory of age-related cognitive functioning in older adults. Possible mechanisms are discussed that could account for the associations between ε4, diffusion, and cognitive function, including the influence of ε4 on neural repair, oxidative stress, and the health of myelin-producing oligodendroglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ryan
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0068, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Agosta F, Pievani M, Sala S, Geroldi C, Galluzzi S, Frisoni GB, Filippi M. White matter damage in Alzheimer disease and its relationship to gray matter atrophy. Radiology 2010; 258:853-63. [PMID: 21177393 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the regional patterns of white matter (WM) tract damage in (a) patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) and (b) patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and at least one abnormal biomarker and to investigate whether WM damage is related to gray matter (GM) atrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Twenty-three patients with AD, 15 patients with aMCI, and 15 healthy control subjects underwent diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. WM tract damage was investigated by using tract-based spatial statistics, and GM atrophy was measured by using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, patients with AD had an increase in mean diffusivity in all major WM tracts studied, including the limbic, cortico-cortical, interhemispheric, and corticospinal tracts. Conversely, fractional anisotropy decreased only in the parahippocampal tract, fornix, and small, inferior parietal regions. In addition, patients with AD showed a widespread increase in axial and radial diffusivity compared with control subjects. Patients with aMCI showed an increase in axial diffusivity only in tracts projecting to the frontal cortex and splenium of the corpus callosum. Significant and anatomically congruent correlations between WM changes and regional GM atrophy were found in patients with AD. Conversely, damage to most WM tracts in patients with aMCI did not correlate with GM atrophy. CONCLUSION In AD, the observed patterns of WM abnormalities may reflect the advanced phase of a secondary degenerative process and an association, especially in the early phases of the disease, with primary WM tract damage over and above GM abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Benjamin C, Lieberman DA, Chang M, Ofen N, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli JDE, Gaab N. The influence of rest period instructions on the default mode network. Front Hum Neurosci 2010; 4:218. [PMID: 21151779 PMCID: PMC2999982 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) refers to regional brain activity that is greater during rest periods than during attention-demanding tasks; many studies have reported DMN alterations in patient populations. It has also been shown that the DMN is suppressed by scanner background noise (SBN), which is the noise produced by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, it is unclear whether different approaches to "rest" in the noisy MR environment can alter the DMN and constitute a confound in studies investigating the DMN in particular patient populations (e.g., individuals with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease). We examined 27 healthy adult volunteers who completed an fMRI experiment with three different instructions for rest: (1) relax and be still, (2) attend to SBN, or (3) ignore SBN. Region of interest analyses were performed to determine the influence of rest period instructions on core regions of the DMN and DMN regions previously reported to be altered in patients with or at risk for Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia. The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) exhibited greater activity when specific resting instructions were given (i.e., attend to or ignore SBN) compared to when non-specific resting instructions were given. Condition-related differences in connectivity were also observed between regions of the dmPFC and inferior parietal/posterior superior temporal cortex. We conclude that rest period instructions and SBN levels should be carefully considered for fMRI studies on the DMN, especially studies on clinical populations and groups that may have different approaches to rest, such as first-time research participants and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Benjamin
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Medicine Center, Children's Hospital BostonBoston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | | | - Maria Chang
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Medicine Center, Children's Hospital BostonBoston, MA, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sue Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Medicine Center, Children's Hospital BostonBoston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lai CH, Hsu YY, Wu YT. First episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder with panic disorder: gray matter deficits in limbic and default network structures. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 20:676-82. [PMID: 20599363 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the structural differences in the brains of first episode, drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder and panic disorder versus healthy control subjects. High-resolution brain magnetic resonance images were performed on patients and health control subjects (age, sex and handedness matched). Structural magnetic resonance images of brain were estimated by optimized voxel-based morphometry of FSL (FMRIB Software Library). Patients had deficits of gray matter volumes over right anterior cingulate cortex, right medial frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate cortex, right parahippocampal gyrus, limbic areas, occipital lingual gyrus and bilateral cerebellums when compared to controls. These results suggested that this group of patients has possible deficits of gray matter volumes over the default-mode network, fronto-cingulate and limbic structures. The decline of gray matter volumes might have started since the first episode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Villain N, Fouquet M, Baron JC, Mézenge F, Landeau B, de La Sayette V, Viader F, Eustache F, Desgranges B, Chételat G. Sequential relationships between grey matter and white matter atrophy and brain metabolic abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2010; 133:3301-14. [PMID: 20688814 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal atrophy, posterior cingulate and frontal glucose hypometabolism, and white-matter tract disruption are well described early macroscopic events in Alzheimer's disease. The relationships between these three types of alterations have been documented in previous studies, but their chronology still remains to be established. The present study used multi-modal fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging longitudinal data to address this question in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. We found unidirectional, specific sequential relationships between: (i) baseline hippocampal atrophy and both cingulum bundle (r = 0.70; P = 3 × 10⁻³) and uncinate fasciculus (r = 0.75; P = 7 × 10⁻⁴) rate of atrophy; (ii) baseline cingulum bundle atrophy and rate of decline of posterior (r = 0.72; P = 2 × 10⁻³); and anterior (r = 0.74; P = 1 × 10⁻³) cingulate metabolism; and (iii) baseline uncinate white matter atrophy and subgenual metabolism rate of change (r = 0.65; P = 6 × 10⁻³). Baseline local grey matter atrophy was not found to contribute to hypometabolism progression within the posterior and anterior cingulate as well as subgenual cortices. These findings suggest that hippocampal atrophy progressively leads to disruption of the cingulum bundle and uncinate fasciculus, which in turn leads to glucose hypometabolism of the cingulate and subgenual cortices, respectively. This study reinforces the relevance of remote mechanisms above local interactions to account for the pattern of metabolic brain alteration observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and provides new avenues to assess the sequence of events in complex diseases characterized by multiple manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villain
- Inserm-EPHE-Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité U923, GIP Cyceron, Bd H. Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Z, Guo X, Qi Z, Yao L, Li K. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry of white matter in mild cognitive impairment. Eur J Radiol 2010; 75:129-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
Takahashi R, Ishii K, Miyamoto N, Yoshikawa T, Shimada K, Ohkawa S, Kakigi T, Yokoyama K. Measurement of gray and white matter atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies using diffeomorphic anatomic registration through exponentiated lie algebra: A comparison with conventional voxel-based morphometry. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1873-8. [PMID: 20634303 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DLB is recognized as the second major form of dementia in the elderly. The regional pattern of GM atrophy in DLB highly overlaps that in AD. The aim of this study was to identify the critical pattern of atrophy in DLB by using DARTEL, which provides improved registration accuracy compared with that of conventional VBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 51 patients with probable AD, 43 patients with probable DLB, and 40 age-matched healthy controls. The pattern of GM atrophy in each group was compared by using conventional VBM and VBM-DARTEL. RESULTS Regional patterns of atrophy identified by using conventional VBM differed significantly from those identified by using VBM-DARTEL. A decrease in GM volume in the MTLs in both AD and DLB was identified with VBM-DARTEL; the decrease was greater in patients with AD than in those with DLB. Comparisons with healthy controls revealed that the WM volume of the whole brain was preserved in patients with DLB. In contrast, a severe bilateral decrease in WM in the MTLs was detected in patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS VBM-DARTEL provided more accurate results, and it enabled the identification of more localized morphologic alterations than did conventional VBM. Analysis of WM preservation in DLB could help to differentiate this condition from AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Takahashi
- Departments of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital at Nishi-Harima, Tatsuno, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Honea RA, Vidoni E, Harsha A, Burns JM. Impact of APOE on the healthy aging brain: a voxel-based MRI and DTI study. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 18:553-64. [PMID: 19584447 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) have implicated its association with brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. To date, few studies have used automated morphological analysis techniques to assess ApoE4-related brain structure change in both gray and white matter in nondemented older adults. Nondemented (CDR = 0, n = 53) subjects over 60 had MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and neurocognitive assessments. We assessed differences in cognition and brain structure associated with ApoE4 genetic variation using voxel-based morphometry techniques, and tract-based spatial statistics of fractional anisotropy change. In nondemented older adults with the E4 allele, cognitive performance was reduced, and atrophy was present in the hippocampus and amygdala compared to ApoE4 negative participants. We also report that E4 carriers have decreased fractional anisotropy in the left parahippocampal gyrus white matter. In conclusion, the presence of an ApoE4 allele in nondemented older adults is associated with decreases in cognition and gray and white matter changes in the medial temporal cortex. Overall we provide further evidence of the effects of genetic variance related to imaging and cognitive measures of risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Honea
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 2100 West 36th Ave, Suite 110, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vernon AC, Ballard C, Modo M. Neuroimaging for Lewy body disease: is the in vivo molecular imaging of α-synuclein neuropathology required and feasible? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 65:28-55. [PMID: 20685363 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation is a neuropathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), collectively termed the α-synucleinopathies. Substantial advances in clinical criteria and neuroimaging technology over the last 20 years have allowed great strides in the detection and differential diagnosis of these disorders. Nevertheless, it is clear that whilst the array of different imaging modalities in clinical use allow for a robust diagnosis of α-synucleinopathy in comparison to healthy subjects, there is no clear diagnostic imaging marker that affords a reliable differential diagnosis between the different forms of Lewy body disease (LBD) or that could facilitate tracking of disease progression. This has led to a call for a biomarker based on the pathological hallmarks of these diseases, namely α-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies (LBs). This potentially may be advantageous in terms of early disease detection, but may also be leveraged into a potential marker of disease progression. We here aim to firstly review the current status of neuroimaging biomarkers in PD and related synucleinopathies. Secondly, we outline the rationale behind α-synuclein imaging as a potential novel biomarker as well as the potential benefits and limitations of this approach. Thirdly, we attempt to illustrate the likely technical hurdles to be overcome to permit successful in vivo imaging of α-synuclein pathology in the diseased brain. Our overriding aim is to provide a framework for discussion of how to address this major unmet clinical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Vernon
- Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Denmark Hill campus, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Voxel-based analysis of the diffusion tensor. Neuroradiology 2010; 52:699-710. [PMID: 20467866 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-010-0716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
45
|
Gwin JT, Gramann K, Makeig S, Ferris DP. Removal of movement artifact from high-density EEG recorded during walking and running. J Neurophysiol 2010; 103:3526-34. [PMID: 20410364 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00105.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human cognition often occurs during dynamic motor actions, most studies of human brain dynamics examine subjects in static seated or prone conditions. EEG signals have historically been considered to be too noise prone to allow recording of brain dynamics during human locomotion. Here we applied a channel-based artifact template regression procedure and a subsequent spatial filtering approach to remove gait-related movement artifact from EEG signals recorded during walking and running. We first used stride time warping to remove gait artifact from high-density EEG recorded during a visual oddball discrimination task performed while walking and running. Next, we applied infomax independent component analysis (ICA) to parse the channel-based noise reduced EEG signals into maximally independent components (ICs) and then performed component-based template regression. Applying channel-based or channel-based plus component-based artifact rejection significantly reduced EEG spectral power in the 1.5- to 8.5-Hz frequency range during walking and running. In walking conditions, gait-related artifact was insubstantial: event-related potentials (ERPs), which were nearly identical to visual oddball discrimination events while standing, were visible before and after applying noise reduction. In the running condition, gait-related artifact severely compromised the EEG signals: stable average ERP time-courses of IC processes were only detectable after artifact removal. These findings show that high-density EEG can be used to study brain dynamics during whole body movements and that mechanical artifact from rhythmic gait events may be minimized using a template regression procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Gwin
- Human Neuromechanics Laboratory, School of Kinesiology; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Helps SK, Broyd SJ, James CJ, Karl A, Chen W, Sonuga-Barke EJS. Altered spontaneous low frequency brain activity in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Res 2010; 1322:134-43. [PMID: 20117101 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting brain activity appears altered in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The default mode interference hypothesis (Sonuga-Barke and Castellanos, 2007) postulates that patterns of spontaneous very low frequency brain activity, typical of the resting brain, cause attention lapses in ADHD when they remain unattenuated following the transition from rest to active task performance. Here we test this hypothesis using DC-EEG. METHODS DC-EEG recordings of very low frequency brain activity (<1.5Hz) were compared for 16 male children with ADHD and 16 healthy controls during both rest and active task performance (two choice reaction time task). RESULTS A previously identified very low frequency resting network of electrodes was replicated. At rest ADHD children showed less EEG power in very low frequency bands (i.e., .02-.2Hz). They also showed less attenuation of power at these frequency bands during rest-to-task transition. Reduced attenuation was associated with a number of measures of performance. DISCUSSION We confirmed the existence of altered very low frequency brain activity in ADHD. ADHD children may have deficits both in maintaining a resting brain when needed and 'protecting' an active brain from the intrusion of resting state brain activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzannah K Helps
- Institute for Disorders for Impulse and Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Köllensperger M, Wenning GK. Assessing disease progression with MRI in atypical parkinsonian disorders. Mov Disord 2010; 24 Suppl 2:S699-702. [PMID: 19877233 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, novel MR techniques have become available to support the early differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism and also to generate MR surrogate markers of disease progression. The article reviews the current state of the art focusing on three atypical parkinsonian disorders: multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köllensperger
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tateno M, Kobayashi S, Saito T. Imaging improves diagnosis of dementia with lewy bodies. Psychiatry Investig 2009; 6:233-40. [PMID: 20140120 PMCID: PMC2808791 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2009.6.4.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common cause of degenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is clinically characterized by the progressive cognitive decline with fluctuations in cognition and alertness, recurrent visual hallucinations and Parkinsonism. Once these characteristic symptoms of DLB emerge, discriminating it from AD is relatively easy. However, in the early disease stages, the clinical symptoms of various types of dementias largely overlap and it is difficult to distinguish DLB from other neurodegenerative dementias based on clinical manifestations alone. To increase the accuracy of antemortem diagnosis of DLB, the latest diagnostic criteria incorporate findings from 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy, or from neuroimaging such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). In the present guidelines, decreased dopamine transporter uptake revealed by SPECT or PET receives the greatest importance among various neuroimaging findings and is listed as one of the suggestive features. Supportive features that commonly present but are not proven to have diagnostic specificity include relatively-preserved medial-temporal-lobe structures, occipital hypoperfusion, and abnormal MIBG myocardial scintigraphy. In this paper, we review the major findings on various neuroimaging modalities and discuss the clinical usefulness of them for the diagnosis of DLB. Although there is not enough evidence to reach the conclusion, considering the accessibility in clinical practice, in our personal views, we recommend the use of brain-perfusion SPECT and MIBG myocardial scintigraphy to improve the diagnosis of DLB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiju Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Saito
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abnormal white matter independent of hippocampal atrophy in amnestic type mild cognitive impairment. Neurosci Lett 2009; 462:147-51. [PMID: 19596405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal atrophy is the key marker in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is associated with white matter (WM) disruption. This type of WM disruption could partly explain AD-related pathology. However, relatively little attention has been directed toward WM disruption which may be independent of these fundamental gray matter (GM) changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) which is associated with high risk of AD. To evaluate the differences of WM integrity between aMCI patients (N=32) and healthy controls (N=31), whole-brain voxel-based methods were applied to diffusion tensor imaging. To explore the possible independence of WM changes from GM loss, an index of hippocampal atrophy was used to partial out GM effects. aMCI patients showed WM disruption in frontal lobe, temporal lobe, internal capsule, cingulate gyrus and precuneus. The findings supported the evidence of independent patterns of degeneration in WM tracts which may co-act in the WM pathological process of aMCI patients. As aMCI is a putatively prodromal syndrome to AD, these data may assist with a better understanding of WM pathological change associated with the development of AD.
Collapse
|
50
|
MacKenzie-Graham A, Tiwari-Woodruff SK, Sharma G, Aguilar C, Vo KT, Strickland LV, Morales L, Fubara B, Martin M, Jacobs RE, Johnson GA, Toga AW, Voskuhl RR. Purkinje cell loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuroimage 2009; 48:637-51. [PMID: 19589388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray matter atrophy observed by brain MRI is an important correlate to clinical disability and disease duration in multiple sclerosis. The objective of this study was to link brain atrophy visualized by neuroimaging to its underlying neuropathology using the MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Volumetric changes in brains of EAE mice, as well as matched healthy normal controls, were quantified by collecting post-mortem high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance microscopy and actively stained magnetic resonance histology images. Anatomical delineations demonstrated a significant decrease in the volume of the whole cerebellum, cerebellar cortex, and molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex in EAE as compared to normal controls. The pro-apoptotic marker caspase-3 was detected in Purkinje cells and a significant decrease in Purkinje cell number was found in EAE. Cross modality and temporal correlations revealed a significant association between Purkinje cell loss on neuropathology and atrophy of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex by neuroimaging. These results demonstrate the power of using combined population atlasing and neuropathology approaches to discern novel insights underlying gray matter atrophy in animal models of neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
|