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Sima J, Ma H, Liu F, Lou C, Zou F, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhang M, Wu X. Electrophysiological indexes of ingroup bias in a group Stroop task: Evidence from an event-related potential study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114931. [PMID: 38432302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Although cognitive system assigns higher attentional resources to ingroup information than outgroup information, but it is unclear whether the ingroup bias can be measured by the processes that are related to allocation of attentional resources to ingroup information. Thus, a group Stroop task was developed to study the issues combining with event-related potential (ERP) technique in this study. Specifically, 34 subjects (17 female, mean age = 20.76 ± 1.26) were firstly divided into blue or red group (17 subjects for each group); then they were asked to categorize four words of Stroop task into "our team" or "other team" based on the ink color (blue/red) of the words whose meaning were also red/blue. The behavioral results showed that outgroup ink color processing was interfered by ingroup word meaning, but the ingroup ink color processing was less/not interfered by outgroup word meaning. The ERP results showed that the amplitude of frontal N100 was enhanced when more attentional resources were automatically captured by ingroup information in early stage than outgroup information; P2/N2 amplitude was reduced or enhanced when outgroup information processing was interfered by ingroup information; enhanced P3b amplitude reflected that attention could be more easily allocated to ingroup information than outgroup information based on target. This study implied a novel direction to study the neural basis of ingroup bias by investigating the roles of ingroup bias in assigning attentional resources to group information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashan Sima
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huanke Ma
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Chenjun Lou
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Feng Zou
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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Balconi M, Greco S, Rovelli K, Angioletti L. Decisional brain of lawyers at the workplace. A neurolaw pilot study. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:461-471. [PMID: 38699616 PMCID: PMC11061082 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-10020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This pilot study investigated legal and non-legal professionals' decision process during a typical working day. During self-evaluated highly relevant decisions (rated through a daily diary), the two groups were asked to wear the Muse™ Headband to record their electrophysiological (EEG) activity in terms of frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha and beta). EEG cognitive findings displayed a generally increased beta power in the anterior frontal region (mainly in the right than left) for both groups during highly relevant decisions. Significantly results were also found for the legal professionals' group, for which a decrease of alpha power was found in the left compared to right frontal cortex. Furthermore, a decreased alpha power and increased delta and theta power in the right compared to left Temporo-Parietal Junction was observed in the legal professionals when taking highly relevant decisions. This pilot study suggested a specific EEG pattern for legal professionals while taking highly relevant decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Greco
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Rovelli
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angioletti
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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3
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Event-related potentials during mental rotation of body-related stimuli in spinal cord injury population. Neuropsychologia 2023; 179:108447. [PMID: 36521630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mental rotations of body-related stimuli are known to engage the motor system and activate body schema. Sensorimotor deficits following spinal cord injury (SCI) alter the representation of the body with a negative impact on the performance during motor-related tasks, such as mental rotation of body parts. Here we investigated the relationship between event-related potentials in SCI participants and the difficulty in mentally rotating a body-part. Participants with SCI and healthy control subjects performed a laterality judgment task, in which left or right images of hands, feet or animals (as a control stimulus) were presented in two different orientation angles (75° and 150°), and participants reported the laterality of the stimulus. We found that reaction times of participants with SCI were slower for the rotation of body-related stimuli compared to non-body-related stimuli and healthy controls. At the brain level, we found that relative to healthy controls SCI participants show: 1) reduced amplitudes of the posterior P100 and anterior N100 and larger amplitudes of the anterior P200 for overall stimuli; 2) an absence of the modulation of the rotation related negativity by stimulus type and rotation angles. Our results show that body representation changes after SCI affecting both components of early stimulus processing and late components that process high-order cognitive aspects of body-representation and task complexity.
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Lockhofen DEL, Hübner N, Hemdan F, Sammer G, Henare D, Schubö A, Mulert C. Differing Time Courses of Reward-Related Attentional Processing: An EEG Source-Space Analysis. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:283-296. [PMID: 33733706 PMCID: PMC8099853 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since our environment typically contains more information than can be processed at any one time due to the limited capacity of our visual system, we are bound to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information. This process, termed attentional selection, is usually categorized into bottom-up and top-down processes. However, recent research suggests reward might also be an important factor in guiding attention. Monetary reward can bias attentional selection in favor of task-relevant targets and reduce the efficiency of visual search when a reward-associated, but task-irrelevant distractor is present. This study is the first to investigate reward-related target and distractor processing in an additional singleton task using neurophysiological measures and source space analysis. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that source space analysis would find enhanced neural activity in regions of the value-based attention network, such as the visual cortex and the anterior cingulate. Additionally, we went further and explored the time courses of the underlying attentional mechanisms. Our neurophysiological results showed that rewarding distractors led to a stronger attentional capture. In line with this, we found that reward-associated distractors (compared with reward-associated targets) enhanced activation in frontal regions, indicating the involvement of top-down control processes. As hypothesized, source space analysis demonstrated that reward-related targets and reward-related distractors elicited activation in regions of the value-based attention network. However, these activations showed time-dependent differences, indicating that the neural mechanisms underlying reward biasing might be different for task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E L Lockhofen
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstraße 36, 35385, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
| | - Nils Hübner
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstraße 36, 35385, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Fatma Hemdan
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstraße 36, 35385, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Gebhard Sammer
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstraße 36, 35385, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Dion Henare
- Cognitive Neuroscience of Perception and Action, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schubö
- Cognitive Neuroscience of Perception and Action, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstraße 36, 35385, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
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Auditory information enhances post-sensory visual evidence during rapid multisensory decision-making. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5440. [PMID: 33116148 PMCID: PMC7595090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in understanding multisensory decision-making, a conclusive mechanistic account of how the brain translates the relevant evidence into a decision is lacking. Specifically, it remains unclear whether perceptual improvements during rapid multisensory decisions are best explained by sensory (i.e., ‘Early’) processing benefits or post-sensory (i.e., ‘Late’) changes in decision dynamics. Here, we employ a well-established visual object categorisation task in which early sensory and post-sensory decision evidence can be dissociated using multivariate pattern analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG). We capitalize on these distinct neural components to identify when and how complementary auditory information influences the encoding of decision-relevant visual evidence in a multisensory context. We show that it is primarily the post-sensory, rather than the early sensory, EEG component amplitudes that are being amplified during rapid audiovisual decision-making. Using a neurally informed drift diffusion model we demonstrate that a multisensory behavioral improvement in accuracy arises from an enhanced quality of the relevant decision evidence, as captured by the post-sensory EEG component, consistent with the emergence of multisensory evidence in higher-order brain areas. A conclusive account on how the brain translates audiovisual evidence into a rapid decision is still lacking. Here, using a neurally-informed modelling approach, the authors show that sounds amplify visual evidence later in the decision process, in line with higher-order multisensory effects.
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Lees T, Maharaj S, Kalatzis G, Nassif NT, Newton PJ, Lal S. Electroencephalographic prediction of global and domain specific cognitive performance of clinically active Australian Nurses. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:095001. [PMID: 33021231 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abb12a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between EEG activity and the global and domain specific cognitive performance of healthy nurses, and determine the predictive capabilities of these relationships. APPROACH Sixty-four nurses were recruited for the present study, and data from 61 were utilised in the present analysis. Global and domain specific cognitive performance of each participant was assessed psychometrically using the Mini-mental state exam and the Cognistat, and a 32-lead monopolar EEG was recorded during a resting baseline phase and an active phase in which participants completed the Stroop test. MAIN RESULTS Global cognitive performance was successfully predicted (81%-85% of variance) by a combination of fast wave activity variables in the alpha, beta and theta frequency bands. Interestingly, predicting domain specific performance had varying degrees of success (42%-99% of the variance predicted) and relied on combinations of both slow and fast wave activity, with delta and gamma activity predicting attention performance; delta, theta, and gamma activity predicting memory performance; and delta and beta variables predicting judgement performance. SIGNIFICANCE Global and domain specific cognitive performance of Australian nurses may be predicted with varying degrees of success by a unique combination of EEG variables. These proposed models image transitory cognitive declines and as such may prove useful in the prediction of early cognitive impairment, and may enable better diagnosis, and management of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Lees
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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Rac-Lubashevsky R, Kessler Y. Oscillatory Correlates of Control over Working Memory Gating and Updating: An EEG Study Using the Reference-back Paradigm. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:1870-1882. [PMID: 30125218 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Optimal working memory (WM) functioning depends on a control mechanism that balances between maintenance and updating by closing or opening the gate to WM, respectively. Here, we examined the neural oscillation correlates of WM updating and of the control processes involved in gating. The reference-back paradigm was employed to manipulate gate opening, gate closing, and updating independently and examine how the control functions involved in these processes are mapped to oscillatory EEG activity. The results established that different oscillatory patterns were associated with the control process related to gate opening than in gate closing. During the time of gate closing, a relative increase in theta power was observed over midfrontal electrodes. This theta response is a known EEG signature of cognitive control that is proposed here to reflect reactive conflict resolution, achieved by closing the gate when facing irrelevant information. On the other hand, proactive gate opening in preparation for relevant information was associated with an increase in relative delta power over parietal-occipital electrodes. Finally, WM updating was associated with relative increase in delta power over midfrontal electrodes, suggesting a functional role of delta oscillations in WM updating.
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8
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Attenuating the alcohol allure: attentional broadening reduces rapid motivational response to alcohol pictures. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1247-1254. [PMID: 28238070 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Past research has found that exposure to alcohol cues causes a narrowing of attentional scope and enhances the neural responses associated with approach motivation. OBJECTIVE The current research sought to determine if a manipulated broadened (global) attentional scope would reduce approach-motivated neural reactivity to alcohol pictures. METHODS In the current study, participants (n = 82) were exposed to alcohol and neutral pictures following either a global or local attentional scope manipulation. Early motivated attentional processing was assessed using the N1 event-related potential (ERP), a neurophysiological marker of rapid motivated attention. RESULTS A global attentional scope reduced N1 amplitudes to alcohol pictures as compared to a local attentional scope. Self-reported binge drinking related to larger N1 amplitudes to alcohol pictures, but not to neutral pictures. Individuals with greater binge drinking experience demonstrated increased rapid motivated attentional processing to alcohol pictures. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that enhancing a global (vs. local) attentional scope attenuates rapid motivated attentional processing of alcohol pictures in comparison to neutral pictures. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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10
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Feroz FS, Leicht G, Steinmann S, Andreou C, Mulert C. The Time Course of Activity within the Dorsal and Rostral-Ventral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Emotional Stroop Task. Brain Topogr 2016; 30:30-45. [PMID: 27659288 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence from neuroimaging studies suggest that emotional and cognitive processes are interrelated. Anatomical key structures in this context are the dorsal and rostral-ventral anterior cingulate cortex (dACC and rvACC). However, up to now, the time course of activations within these regions during emotion-cognition interactions has not been disentangled. In the present study, we used event-related potentials (ERP) and standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) region of interest (ROI) source localization analyses to explore the time course of neural activations within the dACC and rvACC using a modified emotional Stroop paradigm. ERP components related to Stroop conflict (N200, N450 and late negativity) were analyzed. The time course of brain activations in the dACC and rvACC was strikingly different with more pronounced initial responses in the rvACC followed by increased dACC activity mainly at the late negativity window. Moreover, emotional valence modulated the earlier N450 stage within the rvACC region with higher neural activations in the positive compared to the negative and neutral conditions. Emotional arousal modulated the late negativity stage; firstly in the significant arousal × congruence ERP effect and then the significant higher current density in the low arousal condition within the dACC. Using sLORETA source localization, substantial differences in the activation time courses in the dACC and rvACC could be found during the emotional Stroop task. We suggest that during late negativity, within the dACC, emotional arousal modulated the processing of response conflict, reflected in the correlation between the ex-Gaussian µ and the current density in the dACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Shahnaz Feroz
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Machine Learning and Signal Processing Research Group, Center for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Steinmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Chen KH, Okerstrom KL, Kingyon JR, Anderson SW, Cavanagh JF, Narayanan NS. Startle Habituation and Midfrontal Theta Activity in Parkinson Disease. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1923-1932. [PMID: 27417205 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adapt to aversive stimuli is critical for mental health. Here, we investigate the relationship between habituation to startling stimuli and startle-related activity in medial frontal cortex as measured by EEG in both healthy control participants and patients with Parkinson disease (PD). We report three findings. First, patients with PD exhibited normal initial startle responses but reduced startle habituation relative to demographically matched controls. Second, control participants had midfrontal EEG theta activity in response to startling stimuli, and this activity was attenuated in patients with PD. Finally, startle-related midfrontal theta activity was correlated with the rate of startle habituation. These data indicate that impaired startle habituation in PD is a result of attenuated midfrontal cognitive control signals. Our findings could provide insight into the frontal regulation of startle habituation.
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Lees T, Khushaba R, Lal S. Electroencephalogram associations to cognitive performance in clinically active nurses. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:968-80. [PMID: 27244262 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/7/968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is traditionally identified via cognitive screening tools that have limited ability in detecting early or transitional stages of impairment. The dynamic nature of physiological variables such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) may provide alternate means for detecting these transitions. However, previous research examining EEG and cognitive performance is largely confined to samples with diagnosed cognitive impairments, and research examining non-impaired, and occupation specific samples, is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between frontal pole and central EEG and cognitive performance in a sample of male and female nurses, and to determine the significance of these associations. Fifty seven nurses participated in the study, in which two lead bipolar EEG was recorded at positions Fp1 (frontal polar), Fp2, C3 (central) and C4 during a baseline and an active phase involving the common neuropsychological Stroop test. Participants' cognitive performance was assessed using the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and Cognistat screening tools. Significant correlations between EEG beta activity and the outcome of MMSE and Cognistat were revealed, where an increased beta activity was associated to an increased global cognitive performance. Additionally, domain specific cognitive performance was also significantly associated to various EEG variables. The study identified potential EEG biomarkers for global and domain specific cognitive performance, and provides initial groundwork for the development of future EEG based biomarkers for detection of cognitive pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Lees
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
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Taillan J, Ardiale E, Anton JL, Nazarian B, Félician O, Lemaire P. Processes in arithmetic strategy selection: a fMRI study. Front Psychol 2015; 6:61. [PMID: 25698995 PMCID: PMC4316698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) study investigated neural correlates of strategy selection. Young adults performed an arithmetic task in two different conditions. In both conditions, participants had to provide estimates of two-digit multiplication problems like 54 × 78. In the choice condition, participants had to select the better of two available rounding strategies, rounding-up (RU) strategy (i.e., doing 60 × 80 = 4,800) or rounding-down (RD) strategy (i.e., doing 50 × 70 = 3,500 to estimate product of 54 × 78). In the no-choice condition, participants did not have to select strategy on each problem but were told which strategy to use; they executed RU and RD strategies each on a series of problems. Participants also had a control task (i.e., providing correct products of multiplication problems like 40 × 50). Brain activations and performance were analyzed as a function of these conditions. Participants were able to frequently choose the better strategy in the choice condition; they were also slower when they executed the difficult RU than the easier RD. Neuroimaging data showed greater brain activations in right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and angular gyrus (ANG), when selecting (relative to executing) the better strategy on each problem. Moreover, RU was associated with more parietal cortex activation than RD. These results suggest an important role of fronto-parietal network in strategy selection and have important implications for our further understanding and modeling cognitive processes underlying strategy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Taillan
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Eléonore Ardiale
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Anton
- Centre d'IRM Fonctionnelle Cérébrale de Marseille, CHU Timone, INT - UMR 7289 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Nazarian
- Centre d'IRM Fonctionnelle Cérébrale de Marseille, CHU Timone, INT - UMR 7289 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Félician
- Aix Marseille Université, INS UMR_S 1106, 13005 Marseille, France ; APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
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Hamilton RKB, Baskin-Sommers AR, Newman JP. Relation of frontal N100 to psychopathy-related differences in selective attention. Biol Psychol 2014; 103:107-16. [PMID: 25179538 PMCID: PMC4407830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that psychopathy may be characterized by early attentional abnormalities that undermine the processing of peripheral information during goal-directed activity (Baskin-Sommers & Newman, 2012). Past work has found that psychopathic individuals show reduced interference on the Box Stroop task, in which color names are spatially separated from (i.e., peripheral to) colored stimuli (Hiatt, Schmitt, & Newman, 2004). The present study sought to replicate and extend these findings. A priori predictions were that psychopathy scores would be inversely related to interference and that psychopathy-related differences in Box Stroop conflict processing would emerge at an early stage as measured by event-related potentials (ERP). Results supported both hypotheses. Moreover, the association between the early attention-related component (N100) and interference was moderated by level of psychopathy. These findings suggest that psychopathic individuals have less coordinated responses to conflict than healthy individuals, a conjecture that has implications for information integration and self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph P Newman
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA
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15
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Zénon A, Sidibé M, Olivier E. Pupil size variations correlate with physical effort perception. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:286. [PMID: 25202247 PMCID: PMC4142600 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been established that the pupil diameter increases during mental activities in proportion to the difficulty of the task at hand. However, it is still unclear whether this relationship between the pupil size and effort applies also to physical effort. In order to address this issue, we asked healthy volunteers to perform a power grip task, at varied intensity, while evaluating their effort both implicitly and explicitly, and while concurrently monitoring their pupil size. Each trial started with a contraction of imposed intensity, under the control of a continuous visual feedback. Upon completion of the contraction, participants had to choose whether to replicate, without feedback, the first contraction for a variable monetary reward, or whether to skip this step and go directly to the next trial. The rate of acceptance of effort replication and the amount of force exerted during the replication were used as implicit measures of the perception of the effort exerted during the first contraction. In addition, the participants were asked to rate on an analog scale, their explicit perception of the effort for each intensity condition. We found that pupil diameter increased during physical effort and that the magnitude of this response reflected not only the actual intensity of the contraction but also the subjects' perception of the effort. This finding indicates that the pupil size signals the level of effort invested in a task, irrespective of whether it is physical or mental. It also helps refining the potential brain circuits involved since the results of the current study imply a convergence of mental and physical effort information at some level along this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Zénon
- COSY, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariam Sidibé
- COSY, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Olivier
- COSY, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
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Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals temporal evolution of coupling between supramodal cortical attention networks and the brainstem. J Neurosci 2014; 33:19212-22. [PMID: 24305817 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2649-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical and subcortical networks have been identified that are commonly associated with attention and task engagement, along with theories regarding their functional interaction. However, a link between these systems has not yet been demonstrated in healthy humans, primarily because of data acquisition and analysis limitations. We recorded simultaneous EEG-fMRI while subjects performed auditory and visual oddball tasks and used these data to investigate the BOLD correlates of single-trial EEG variability at latencies spanning the trial. We focused on variability along task-relevant dimensions in the EEG for identical stimuli and then combined auditory and visual data at the subject level to spatially and temporally localize brain regions involved in endogenous attentional modulations. Specifically, we found that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) correlates strongly with both early and late EEG components, whereas brainstem, right middle frontal gyrus (rMFG), and right orbitofrontal cortex (rOFC) correlate significantly only with late components. By orthogonalizing with respect to event-related activity, we found that variability in insula and temporoparietal junction is reflected in reaction time variability, rOFC and brainstem correlate with residual EEG variability, and ACC and rMFG are significantly correlated with both. To investigate interactions between these correlates of temporally specific EEG variability, we performed dynamic causal modeling (DCM) on the fMRI data. We found strong evidence for reciprocal effective connections between the brainstem and cortical regions. Our results support the adaptive gain theory of locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) function and the proposed functional relationship between the LC-NE system, right-hemisphere ventral attention network, and P300 EEG response.
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17
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Positive and negative emotions modulate attention allocation in color-flanker task processing: Evidence from event related potentials. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-013-9387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Ribas LM, Rocha FT, Ortega NRS, da Rocha AF, Massad E. Brain activity and medical diagnosis: an EEG study. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:109. [PMID: 24083668 PMCID: PMC3852492 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite new brain imaging techniques that have improved the study of the underlying processes of human decision-making, to the best of our knowledge, there have been very few studies that have attempted to investigate brain activity during medical diagnostic processing. We investigated brain electroencephalography (EEG) activity associated with diagnostic decision-making in the realm of veterinary medicine using X-rays as a fundamental auxiliary test. EEG signals were analysed using Principal Components (PCA) and Logistic Regression Analysis Results The principal component analysis revealed three patterns that accounted for 85% of the total variance in the EEG activity recorded while veterinary doctors read a clinical history, examined an X-ray image pertinent to a medical case, and selected among alternative diagnostic hypotheses. Two of these patterns are proposed to be associated with visual processing and the executive control of the task. The other two patterns are proposed to be related to the reasoning process that occurs during diagnostic decision-making. Conclusions PCA analysis was successful in disclosing the different patterns of brain activity associated with hypothesis triggering and handling (pattern P1); identification uncertainty and prevalence assessment (pattern P3), and hypothesis plausibility calculation (pattern P2); Logistic regression analysis was successful in disclosing the brain activity associated with clinical reasoning success, and together with regression analysis showed that clinical practice reorganizes the neural circuits supporting clinical reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Massad Ribas
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo and LIM 01-HCMFMUSP, Dr, Arnaldo 455, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Walz JM, Goldman RI, Carapezza M, Muraskin J, Brown TR, Sajda P. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals a temporal cascade of task-related and default-mode activations during a simple target detection task. Neuroimage 2013; 102 Pt 1:229-39. [PMID: 23962956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Focused attention continuously and inevitably fluctuates, and to completely understand the mechanisms responsible for these modulations it is necessary to localize the brain regions involved. During a simple visual oddball task, neural responses measured by electroencephalography (EEG) modulate primarily with attention, but source localization of the correlates is a challenge. In this study we use single-trial analysis of simultaneously-acquired scalp EEG and functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) data to investigate the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) correlates of modulations in task-related attention, and we unravel the temporal cascade of these transient activations. We hypothesize that activity in brain regions associated with various task-related cognitive processes modulates with attention, and that their involvements occur transiently in a specific order. We analyze the fMRI BOLD signal by first regressing out the variance linked to observed stimulus and behavioral events. We then correlate the residual variance with the trial-to-trial variation of EEG discriminating components for identical stimuli, estimated at a sequence of times during a trial. Post-stimulus and early in the trial, we find activations in right-lateralized frontal regions and lateral occipital cortex, areas that are often linked to task-dependent processes, such as attentional orienting, and decision certainty. After the behavioral response we see correlates in areas often associated with the default-mode network and introspective processing, including precuneus, angular gyri, and posterior cingulate cortex. Our results demonstrate that during simple tasks both task-dependent and default-mode networks are transiently engaged, with a distinct temporal ordering and millisecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Walz
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC8904, 530 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Robin I Goldman
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC8904, 530 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA; Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael Carapezza
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC8904, 530 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jordan Muraskin
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC8904, 530 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Truman R Brown
- Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paul Sajda
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC8904, 530 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA.
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20
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Esposito F, Singer N, Podlipsky I, Fried I, Hendler T, Goebel R. Cortex-based inter-subject analysis of iEEG and fMRI data sets: Application to sustained task-related BOLD and gamma responses. Neuroimage 2013; 66:457-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Peters JC, Reithler J, Schuhmann T, de Graaf T, Uludag K, Goebel R, Sack AT. On the feasibility of concurrent human TMS-EEG-fMRI measurements. J Neurophysiol 2012; 109:1214-27. [PMID: 23221407 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00071.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously combining the complementary assets of EEG, functional MRI (fMRI), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) within one experimental session provides synergetic results, offering insights into brain function that go beyond the scope of each method when used in isolation. The steady increase of concurrent EEG-fMRI, TMS-EEG, and TMS-fMRI studies further underlines the added value of such multimodal imaging approaches. Whereas concurrent EEG-fMRI enables monitoring of brain-wide network dynamics with high temporal and spatial resolution, the combination with TMS provides insights in causal interactions within these networks. Thus the simultaneous use of all three methods would allow studying fast, spatially accurate, and distributed causal interactions in the perturbed system and its functional relevance for intact behavior. Concurrent EEG-fMRI, TMS-EEG, and TMS-fMRI experiments are already technically challenging, and the three-way combination of TMS-EEG-fMRI might yield additional difficulties in terms of hardware strain or signal quality. The present study explored the feasibility of concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI studies by performing safety and quality assurance tests based on phantom and human data combining existing commercially available hardware. Results revealed that combined TMS-EEG-fMRI measurements were technically feasible, safe in terms of induced temperature changes, allowed functional MRI acquisition with comparable image quality as during concurrent EEG-fMRI or TMS-fMRI, and provided artifact-free EEG before and from 300 ms after TMS pulse application. Based on these empirical findings, we discuss the conceptual benefits of this novel complementary approach to investigate the working human brain and list a number of precautions and caveats to be heeded when setting up such multimodal imaging facilities with current hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Peters
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Abstract
Human hearing is constructive. For example, when a voice is partially replaced by an extraneous sound (e.g., on the telephone due to a transmission problem), the auditory system may restore the missing portion so that the voice can be perceived as continuous (Miller and Licklider, 1950; for review, see Bregman, 1990; Warren, 1999). The neural mechanisms underlying this continuity illusion have been studied mostly with schematic stimuli (e.g., simple tones) and are still a matter of debate (for review, see Petkov and Sutter, 2011). The goal of the present study was to elucidate how these mechanisms operate under more natural conditions. Using psychophysics and electroencephalography (EEG), we assessed simultaneously the perceived continuity of a human vowel sound through interrupting noise and the concurrent neural activity. We found that vowel continuity illusions were accompanied by a suppression of the 4 Hz EEG power in auditory cortex (AC) that was evoked by the vowel interruption. This suppression was stronger than the suppression accompanying continuity illusions of a simple tone. Finally, continuity perception and 4 Hz power depended on the intactness of the sound that preceded the vowel (i.e., the auditory context). These findings show that a natural sound may be restored during noise due to the suppression of 4 Hz AC activity evoked early during the noise. This mechanism may attenuate sudden pitch changes, adapt the resistance of the auditory system to extraneous sounds across auditory scenes, and provide a useful model for assisted hearing devices.
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23
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Goebel R. BrainVoyager — Past, present, future. Neuroimage 2012; 62:748-56. [PMID: 22289803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Goebel
- Dept of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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24
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Mangalathu-Arumana J, Beardsley SA, Liebenthal E. Within-subject joint independent component analysis of simultaneous fMRI/ERP in an auditory oddball paradigm. Neuroimage 2012; 60:2247-57. [PMID: 22377443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can contribute to characterizing neural networks with high temporal and spatial resolution. This research aimed to determine the sensitivity and limitations of applying joint independent component analysis (jICA) within-subjects, for ERP and fMRI data collected simultaneously in a parametric auditory frequency oddball paradigm. In a group of 20 subjects, an increase in ERP peak amplitude ranging 1-8 μV in the time window of the P300 (350-700 ms), and a correlated increase in fMRI signal in a network of regions including the right superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, was observed with the increase in deviant frequency difference. JICA of the same ERP and fMRI group data revealed activity in a similar network, albeit with stronger amplitude and larger extent. In addition, activity in the left pre- and post-central gyri, likely associated with right hand somato-motor response, was observed only with the jICA approach. Within-subject, the jICA approach revealed significantly stronger and more extensive activity in the brain regions associated with the auditory P300 than the P300 linear regression analysis. The results suggest that with the incorporation of spatial and temporal information from both imaging modalities, jICA may be a more sensitive method for extracting common sources of activity between ERP and fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mangalathu-Arumana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
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25
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Reducing attentional capture of emotion by broadening attention: increased global attention reduces early electrophysiological responses to negative stimuli. Biol Psychol 2012; 90:150-3. [PMID: 22370068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research has shown the influence of emotion on attentional capture, and more recently, the influence of emotion on neurophysiological processes related to attentional capture. The current research tested whether some of the earliest neurophysiological underpinnings of emotive attentional processes can be influenced by attentional manipulations of broadening versus narrowing. Previous research has shown that negative affects high in motivational intensity (e.g., disgust, fear) cause a relative narrowing of attentional scope (Gable and Harmon-Jones, 2010a; Easterbrook, 1959). Because of the strong link between motivation and attention, attentional scope should also influence the attentional capture of negative stimuli. The current study manipulated a local attentional scope or global attentional scope, then measured attentional capture towards disgust and neutral pictures using the N1 event-related potential component. Results revealed that a manipulated global attentional scope reduced N1 amplitude towards disgust pictures compared to a manipulated local attentional scope.
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26
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Rich BA, Carver FW, Holroyd T, Rosen HR, Mendoza JK, Cornwell BR, Fox NA, Pine DS, Coppola R, Leibenluft E. Different neural pathways to negative affect in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:1283-94. [PMID: 21561628 PMCID: PMC3158808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosological significance of irritability. Of particular interest is whether severe mood dysregulation (SMD), characterized by severe non-episodic irritability, hyper-arousal, and hyper-reactivity to negative emotional stimuli, is a developmental presentation of pediatric BD and, therefore, whether the two conditions are pathophysiologically similar. We administered the affective Posner paradigm, an attentional task with a condition involving blocked goal attainment via rigged feedback. The sample included 60 youth (20 BD, 20 SMD, and 20 controls) ages 8-17. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) examined neuronal activity (4-50 Hz) following negative versus positive feedback. We also examined reaction time (RT), response accuracy, and self-reported affect. Both BD and SMD youth reported being less happy than controls during the rigged condition. Also, SMD youth reported greater arousal following negative feedback than both BD and controls, and they responded to negative feedback with significantly greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial frontal gyrus (MFG) than controls. Compared to SMD and controls, BD youth displayed greater superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activation and decreased insula activation following negative feedback. Data suggest a greater negative affective response to blocked goal attainment in SMD versus BD and control youth. This occurs in tandem with hyperactivation of medial frontal regions in SMD youth, while BD youth show dysfunction in the SFG and insula. Data add to a growing empirical base that differentiates pediatric BD and SMD and begin to elucidate potential neural mechanisms of irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A Rich
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, NE, Washington, DC, USA.
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27
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28
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Bland AR, Mushtaq F, Smith DV. Exploiting Trial-to-Trial Variability in Multimodal Experiments. Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:80. [PMID: 21886619 PMCID: PMC3155870 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Bland
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
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29
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Debettencourt M, Goldman R, Brown T, Sajda P. Adaptive Thresholding for Improving Sensitivity in Single-Trial Simultaneous EEG/fMRI. Front Psychol 2011; 2:91. [PMID: 21779255 PMCID: PMC3132672 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A common approach used to fuse simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI is to correlate trial-by-trial variability in the EEG, or variability of components derived therefrom, with the blood oxygenation level dependent response. When this correlation is done using the conventional univariate approach, for example with the general linear model, there is the usual problem of correcting the statistics for multiple comparisons. Cluster thresholding is often used as the correction of choice, though in many cases it is utilized in an ad hoc way, for example by employing the same cluster thresholds for both traditional regressors (stimulus or behaviorally derived) and EEG-derived regressors. In this paper we describe a resampling procedure that takes into account the a priori statistics of the trial-to-trial variability of the EEG-derived regressors in a way that trades off cluster size and maximum voxel Z-score to properly correct for multiple comparisons. We show that this data adaptive procedure improves sensitivity for smaller clusters of activation, without sacrificing the specificity of the results. Our results suggest that extra care is needed in correcting statistics when the regressor model is derived from noisy and/or uncertain measurements, as is the case for regressors constructed from single-trial variations in the EEG.
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Neuner I, Stöcker T, Kellermann T, Ermer V, Wegener HP, Eickhoff SB, Schneider F, Shah NJ. Electrophysiology meets fMRI: neural correlates of the startle reflex assessed by simultaneous EMG-fMRI data acquisition. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 31:1675-85. [PMID: 20205248 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The startle reflex provides a unique tool for the investigation of sensorimotor gating and information processing. Simultaneous EMG-fMRI acquisition (i.e., online stimulation and recording in the MR environment) allows for the quantitative assessment of the neuronal correlates of the startle reflex and its modulations on a single trial level. This serves as the backbone for a startle response informed fMRI analysis, which is fed by data acquired in the same brain at the same time. We here present the first MR study using a single trial approach with simultaneous acquired EMG and fMRI data on the human startle response in 15 healthy young men. It investigates the neural correlates for isolated air puff startle pulses (PA), prepulse-pulse inhibition (PPI), and prepulse facilitation (PPF). We identified a common core network engaged by all three conditions (PA, PPI, and PPF), consisting of bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, right insula, right thalamus, right temporal pole, middle cingulate cortex, and cerebellum. The cerebellar vermis exhibits distinct activation patterns between the startle modifications. It is differentially activated with the highest amplitude for PPF, a lower activation for PA, and lowest for PPI. The orbital frontal cortex exhibits a differential activation pattern, not for the type of startle response but for the amplitude modification. For pulse alone it is close to zero; for PPI it is activated. This is in contrast to PPF where it shows deactivation. In addition, the thalamus, the cerebellum, and the anterior cingulate cortex add to the modulation of the startle reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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31
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Effects of parametrical and trial-to-trial variation in prior probability processing revealed by simultaneous electroencephalogram/functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 2011; 30:16709-17. [PMID: 21148010 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3949-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior knowledge of the probabilities concerning decision alternatives facilitates the selection of more likely alternatives to the disadvantage of others. The neural basis of prior probability (PP) integration into the decision-making process and associated preparatory processes is, however, still essentially unknown. Furthermore, trial-to-trial fluctuations in PP processing have not been considered thus far. In a previous study, we found that the amplitude of the contingent negative variation (CNV) in a precueing task is sensitive to PP information (Scheibe et al., 2009). We investigated brain regions with a parametric relationship between neural activity and PP and those regions involved in PP processing on a trial-to-trial basis in simultaneously recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Conventional fMRI analysis focusing on the information content of the probability precue revealed increasing activation of the posterior medial frontal cortex with increasing PP, supporting its putative role in updating action values. EEG-informed fMRI analysis relating single-trial CNV amplitudes to the hemodynamic signal addressed trial-to-trial fluctuations in PP processing. We identified a set of regions mainly consisting of frontal, parietal, and striatal regions that represents unspecific response preparation on a trial-to-trial basis. A subset of these regions, namely, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobule, showed activations that exclusively represented the contributions of PP to the trial-to-trial fluctuations of the CNV.
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Neuhaus AH, Karl C, Hahn E, Trempler NR, Opgen-Rhein C, Urbanek C, Hahn C, Ta TMT, Dettling M. Dissection of early bottom-up and top-down deficits during visual attention in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Majic T, Rentzsch J, Gudlowski Y, Ehrlich S, Juckel G, Sander T, Lang UE, Winterer G, Gallinat J. COMT Val108/158Met genotype modulates human sensory gating. Neuroimage 2010; 55:818-24. [PMID: 21184832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val(108/158)Met polymorphism of the dopamine system is essential for prefrontal cortex processing capacity and efficiency. In addition, dopaminergic neurotransmission is also associated with the sensory gating phenomenon protecting the cerebral cortex from information overload. It is however unclear if COMT genotype as a predictor of prefrontal efficiency modulates sensory gating on the level of the auditory cortex, i.e. the gating of the auditory evoked P50 and N100 components. METHODS P50 and N100 gating and COMT Val(108/158)Met genotype were determined in 282 healthy subjects of German descent carefully screened for psychiatric or neurological disorders. RESULTS A significant effect of the COMT genotype was observed for N100 gating (F=4.510, df=2, p=0.012) but not for P50 gating (F=0.376, df=2, p=0.687). Contrast analysis showed that Met/Met individuals had poorer N100 gating compared to Val/Met (F=-12.931, p=0.003) and the Val/Val individuals (F=-11.056, p=0.057). CONCLUSION The results indicate that a high prefrontal efficiency as suggested by the COMT Met/Met genotype is associated with to a poor sensory gating of the N100 component. This would fit in a model where a high prefrontal processing capacity allows a pronounced afferent input of sensory information from the auditory cortex as reflected by a poor sensory gating. The more pronounced prefrontal contribution to the N100 compared to the P50 component may explain the exclusive genotype association with the N100 sensory gating. This preliminary model should be replicated and validated in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Majic
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Ostwald D, Porcaro C, Bagshaw AP. Voxel-wise information theoretic EEG-fMRI feature integration. Neuroimage 2010; 55:1270-86. [PMID: 21167287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently proposed the evaluation of a set of information theoretic quantities (ITQs) for the integration of simultaneously acquired EEG-fMRI data (Ostwald, D., Porcaro, C., Bagshaw, A.P., 2010. An information theoretic approach to EEG-fMRI integration of visually evoked responses. Neuroimage. 49, 498-516). In our previous experimental evaluation of the information theoretic framework, we defined the data subsets from which to calculate the ITQs using a priori constraints. In the case of EEG, this meant that data were extracted from a single electrode, while for fMRI the analysed data came from voxels contained within a sphere surrounding the most responsive voxel of visual cortex. While this approach was a natural starting point for the evaluation of the framework in the application to combined EEG-fMRI data sets, a more principled approach to data selection is desirable. Here, we propose to combine standard fMRI data pre-processing and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) for the evaluation of ITQs across the entire three-dimensional brain space. We apply the proposed method to a simultaneous EEG-fMRI data set acquired during checkerboard stimulation and assess the topographical informativeness of EEG (time and frequency domain) and fMRI features with respect to the stimulus and each other. The resulting information theoretic effect size maps are supplemented with a statistical evaluation based on Gaussian null model simulations using a false-discovery rate procedure. Given the contamination of EEG recordings by artefacts induced by the MR scanning environment we further assessed the influence of different advanced EEG pre-processing methods (independent component analysis and functional source separation) on the information topography. The results of this analysis provide evidence for the topographically focussed informativeness of both EEG and fMRI features with respect to the stimulus, but for the current feature selection do not detect EEG-fMRI activity dependence. More advanced EEG data pre-processing rendered the feature distributions more stimulus-informative, but did not alter the EEG-fMRI activity and conditional dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ostwald
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
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35
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da Rocha AF, Rocha FT, Burattini MN, Massad E. Neurodynamics of an election. Brain Res 2010; 1351:198-211. [PMID: 20599820 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Variables influencing decision-making in real settings, as in the case of voting decisions, are uncontrollable and in many times even unknown to the experimenter. In this case, the experimenter has to study the intention to decide (vote) as close as possible in time to the moment of the real decision (election day). Here, we investigated the brain activity associated with the voting intention declared 1 week before the election day of the Brazilian Firearms Control Referendum about prohibiting the commerce of firearms. Two alliances arose in the Congress to run the campaigns for YES (for the prohibition of firearm commerce) and NO (against the prohibition of firearm commerce) voting. Time constraints imposed by the necessity of studying a reasonable number (here, 32) of voters during a very short time (5 days) made the EEG the tool of choice for recording the brain activity associated with voting decision. Recent fMRI and EEG studies have shown decision-making as a process due to the enrollment of defined neuronal networks. In this work, a special EEG technique is applied to study the topology of the voting decision-making networks and is compared to the results of standard ERP procedures. The results show that voting decision-making enrolled networks in charge of calculating the benefits and risks of the decision of prohibiting or allowing firearm commerce and that the topology of such networks was vote- (i.e., YES/NO-) sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Freitas da Rocha
- RANI-Research on Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Rua Tenente Ary Aps, 172 Jundiaí, CEP 13207-110, Brazil; School of Medicine, University of São Paulo and LIM01-HCFMUSP, Rua Teodoro Sampaio 115, São Paulo, CEP 5405-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Theoto Rocha
- RANI-Research on Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Rua Tenente Ary Aps, 172 Jundiaí, CEP 13207-110, Brazil; School of Medicine, University of São Paulo and LIM01-HCFMUSP, Rua Teodoro Sampaio 115, São Paulo, CEP 5405-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Nascimento Burattini
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo and LIM01-HCFMUSP, Rua Teodoro Sampaio 115, São Paulo, CEP 5405-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Massad
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo and LIM01-HCFMUSP, Rua Teodoro Sampaio 115, São Paulo, CEP 5405-000, SP, Brazil.
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Lundervold A. On consciousness, resting state fMRI, and neurodynamics. NONLINEAR BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS 2010; 4 Suppl 1:S9. [PMID: 20522270 PMCID: PMC2880806 DOI: 10.1186/1753-4631-4-s1-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain has been introduced as a new tool to measure consciousness, both in a clinical setting and in a basic neurocognitive research. Moreover, advanced mathematical methods and theories have arrived the field of fMRI (e.g. computational neuroimaging), and functional and structural brain connectivity can now be assessed non-invasively. RESULTS The present work deals with a pluralistic approach to "consciousness'', where we connect theory and tools from three quite different disciplines: (1) philosophy of mind (emergentism and global workspace theory), (2) functional neuroimaging acquisitions, and (3) theory of deterministic and statistical neurodynamics - in particular the Wilson-Cowan model and stochastic resonance. CONCLUSIONS Based on recent experimental and theoretical work, we believe that the study of large-scale neuronal processes (activity fluctuations, state transitions) that goes on in the living human brain while examined with functional MRI during "resting state", can deepen our understanding of graded consciousness in a clinical setting, and clarify the concept of "consiousness" in neurocognitive and neurophilosophy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroinformatics and Image Analysis Laboratory, University of Bergen Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
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38
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Functional Neuroimaging of Symptom Validity Testing in Traumatic Brain Injury. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-010-9067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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De Martino F, Valente G, de Borst AW, Esposito F, Roebroeck A, Goebel R, Formisano E. Multimodal imaging: an evaluation of univariate and multivariate methods for simultaneous EEG/fMRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:1104-12. [PMID: 20097029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2009.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been proposed as a tool to study brain dynamics with both high temporal and high spatial resolution. Multimodal imaging techniques rely on the assumption of a common neuronal source for the different recorded signals. In order to maximally exploit the combination of these techniques, one needs to understand the coupling (i.e., the relation) between electroencephalographic (EEG) and fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals. Recently, simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements have been used to investigate the relation between the two signals. Previous attempts at the analysis of simultaneous EEG-fMRI data reported significant correlations between regional BOLD activations and modulation of both event-related potential (ERP) and oscillatory EEG power, mostly in the alpha but also in other frequency bands. Beyond the correlation of the two measured brain signals, the relevant issue we address here is the ability of predicting the signal in one modality using information from the other modality. Using multivariate machine learning-based regression, we show how it is possible to predict EEG power oscillations from simultaneously acquired fMRI data during an eyes-open/eyes-closed task using either the original channels or the underlying cortically distributed sources as the relevant EEG signal for the analysis of multimodal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico De Martino
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Riecke L, Esposito F, Bonte M, Formisano E. Hearing illusory sounds in noise: the timing of sensory-perceptual transformations in auditory cortex. Neuron 2009; 64:550-61. [PMID: 19945396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Constructive mechanisms in the auditory system may restore a fragmented sound when a gap in this sound is rendered inaudible by noise to yield a continuity illusion. Using combined psychoacoustic and electroencephalography experiments in humans, we found that the sensory-perceptual mechanisms that enable restoration suppress auditory cortical encoding of gaps in interrupted sounds. When physically interrupted tones are perceptually restored, stimulus-evoked synchronization of cortical oscillations at approximately 4 Hz is suppressed as if physically uninterrupted sounds were encoded. The restoration-specific suppression is induced most strongly in primary-like regions in the right auditory cortex during illusorily filled gaps and also shortly before and after these gaps. Our results reveal that spontaneous modulations in slow evoked auditory cortical oscillations that are involved in encoding acoustic boundaries may determine the perceived continuity of sounds in noise. Such fluctuations could facilitate stable hearing of fragmented sounds in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Riecke
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ostwald D, Porcaro C, Bagshaw AP. An information theoretic approach to EEG-fMRI integration of visually evoked responses. Neuroimage 2009; 49:498-516. [PMID: 19632339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 07/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of signals from electro-encephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), acquired simultaneously from the same observer, holds great potential for the elucidation of the neurobiological underpinnings of human brain function. However, the most appropriate way in which to combine the data in order to achieve this goal is not clear. Here, we apply a novel route to the integration of simultaneously acquired multimodal brain imaging data. We adopt a theoretical framework developed in the study of neuronal population codes which explicitly takes into account the experimentally observed stimulus-response signal probability distributions using the concept of mutual information. We study the implications of this framework using simulated data sets generated from a set of linear Gaussian models, and apply the framework to EEG-fMRI data acquired during checkerboard stimulation of low and high contrast. We focus our evaluation on single-trial time-domain signal features from both modalities and provide evidence for the informativeness of a subset of these features with respect to the stimulus and each other. Specifically, the framework was able to identify the contrast dependency of the haemodynamic response and the P100 peak of the visual evoked potential, and showed that combining EEG and fMRI time-domain features by quantifying the information in their joint distribution was more informative than treating each one in isolation. In addition, the effect of different pre-processing strategies for EEG-fMRI data can be assessed quantitatively, indicating the improvements to be gained by more advanced methods. We conclude that the information theoretic framework is a promising methodology to quantify the relative importance of different response features in neural coding and neurovascular coupling, as well as the success of data pre-processing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ostwald
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
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Warbrick T, Mobascher A, Brinkmeyer J, Musso F, Richter N, Stoecker T, Fink GR, Shah NJ, Winterer G. Single-trial P3 amplitude and latency informed event-related fMRI models yield different BOLD response patterns to a target detection task. Neuroimage 2009; 47:1532-44. [PMID: 19505583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using single-trial parameters as a regressor in the General Linear Model (GLM) is becoming an increasingly popular method for informing fMRI analysis. However, the parameter used to characterise or to differentiate brain regions involved in the response to a particular task varies across studies (e.g. ERP amplitude, ERP latency, reaction time). Furthermore, the way in which the single-trial information is used in the fMRI analysis is also important. For example, the single-trial parameters can be used as regressors in the GLM or to modify the duration of the events modelled in the GLM. The aim of this study was to investigate the BOLD response to a target detection task when including P3 amplitude, P3 latency and reaction time parameters in the GLM. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI was recorded from fifteen subjects in response to a visual choice reaction time task. Including P3 amplitude as a regressor in the GLM yielded activation in left central opercular cortex, left postcentral gyrus, left insula, left middle frontal gyrus, left insula and left parietal operculum. Using P3 latency and reaction time as an additional regressor yielded no additional activation in comparison with the conventional fMRI analysis. However, when P3 latency or reaction time was used to determine the duration of events at a single-trial level, additional activation was observed in the left postcentral gyrus, left precentral gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and supramarginal gyrus. Our findings suggest that ERP amplitudes and latencies can yield different activation patterns when used to modify relevant aspects of the GLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Warbrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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