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Aghamohammadi-Sereshki A, Pietrasik W, Malykhin NV. Aging, cingulate cortex, and cognition: insights from structural MRI, emotional recognition, and theory of mind. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-023-02753-5. [PMID: 38305874 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The cingulate cortex is a limbic structure involved in multiple functions, including emotional processing, pain, cognition, memory, and spatial orientation. The main goal of this structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study was to investigate whether age affects the cingulate cortex uniformly across its anteroposterior dimensions and determine if the effects of age differ based on sex, hemisphere, and regional cingulate anatomy, in a large cohort of healthy individuals across the adult lifespan. The second objective aimed to explore whether the decline in emotional recognition accuracy and Theory of Mind (ToM) is linked to the potential age-related reductions in the pregenual anterior cingulate (ACC) and anterior midcingulate (MCC) cortices. We recruited 126 healthy participants (18-85 years) for this study. MRI datasets were acquired on a 4.7 T system. The cingulate cortex was manually segmented into the pregenual ACC, anterior MCC, posterior MCC, and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). We observed negative relationships between the presence and length of the superior cingulate gyrus and bilateral volumes of pregenual ACC and anterior MCC. Age showed negative effects on the volume of all cingulate cortical subregions bilaterally except for the right anterior MCC. Most of the associations between age and the cingulate subregional volumes were linear. We did not find a significant effect of sex on cingulate cortical volumes. However, stronger effects of age were observed in men compared to women. This study also demonstrated that performance on an emotional recognition task was linked to pregenual ACC volume, whist the ToM capabilities were related to the size of pregenual ACC and anterior MCC. These results suggest that the cingulate cortex contributes to emotional recognition ability and ToM across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Pietrasik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Nikolai V Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada.
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Sundar U, Mukhopadhyay A, Raghavan S, Debata I, Menon RN, Kesavadas C, Shah N, Adsul BB, Joshi AR, Tejas J. Evaluation of 'Normal' Cognitive Functions and Correlation With MRI Volumetry: Towards a Definition of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Cureus 2023; 15:e49461. [PMID: 38152804 PMCID: PMC10751464 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is important to establish criteria to define vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in India as VCI is an image-based diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes resulting from age with prevalent vascular risk factors may confound MRI interpretation. The objective of this study was to establish normative community data for MRI volumetry including white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), correlated with age-stratified cognitive scores and vascular risk factors (VRFs), in adults aged 40 years and above. Methods We screened 2651 individuals without known neurological morbidity, living in Mumbai and nearby rural areas, using validated Marathi translations of Kolkata Cognitive Battery (KCB) and geriatric depression score (GDS). We stratified 1961 persons with GDS ≤9 by age and cognitive score, and randomly selected 10% from each subgroup for MRI brain volumetry. Crude volumes were standardized to reflect percentage of intracranial volume. Results MRI volumetry studies were done in 199 individuals (F/M = 90/109; 73 with body mass index (BMI) ≥25; 44 hypertensives; 29 diabetics; mean cognitive score 76.3). Both grey and white matter volumes decreased with increasing age. WMHV increased with age and hypertension. Grey matter volume (GMV) decreased with increasing WMHV. Positive predictors of cognition included standardized hippocampal volume (HCV), urban living, education, and BMI, while WMHV and age were negative predictors. Urban dwellers had higher cognitive scores than rural, and, paradoxically, smaller HCV. Conclusion In this study of MRI volumetry correlated with age, cognitive scores and VRFs, increasing age and WMHV predicted lower cognitive scores, whereas urban living and hippocampal volume predicted higher scores. Age and WMHV also correlated with decreasing GMV. Further study is warranted into sociodemographic and biological factors that mutually influence cognition and brain volumes, including nutritional and endocrine factors, especially at lower cognitive score bands. In this study, at the lower KCB score bins, the lack of laboratory data pertaining to nutritional and endocrine deficiencies is a drawback that reflects the logistical limitations of screening large populations at the community level. Our volumetric data which is age and cognition stratified, and takes into account the vascular risk factors associated, nevertheless constitutes important baseline data for the Indian population. Our findings could possibly contribute to the formulation of baseline criteria for defining VCI in India and could help in early diagnosis and control of cognitive decline and its key risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | - Amita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Hospital and Health Management, Institute of Health Management Research Bangalore, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Sheelakumari Raghavan
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | - Ipsita Debata
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | - Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | - Nilesh Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | - Balkrishna B Adsul
- Department of Community Medicine, Hinduhrudaysamrat Balasaheb Thackarey Medical College and Dr RN Cooper Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | - Anagha R Joshi
- Department of Radiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | - Janardhan Tejas
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Chengalpattu, IND
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Saad JF, Griffiths KR, Kohn MR, Braund TA, Clarke S, Williams LM, Korgaonkar MS. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network Differentiates the Combined and Inattentive Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Types. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:859538. [PMID: 35754775 PMCID: PMC9218495 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.859538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed neurobiological differences in ADHD, particularly studies examining connectivity disruption and anatomical network organization. However, the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD types remains elusive as it is unclear whether dysfunctional network connections characterize the underlying clinical symptoms distinguishing ADHD types. Here, we investigated intrinsic functional network connectivity to identify neural signatures that differentiate the combined (ADHD-C) and inattentive (ADHD-I) presentation types. Applying network-based statistical (NBS) and graph theoretical analysis to task-derived intrinsic connectivity data from completed fMRI scans, we evaluated default mode network (DMN) and whole-brain functional network topology in a cohort of 34 ADHD participants (aged 8–17 years) defined using DSM-IV criteria as predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) type (n = 15) or combined (ADHD-C) type (n = 19), and 39 age and gender-matched typically developing controls. ADHD-C were characterized from ADHD-I by reduced network connectivity differences within the DMN. Additionally, reduced connectivity within the DMN was negatively associated with ADHD-RS hyperactivity-impulsivity subscale score. Compared with controls, ADHD-C but not ADHD-I differed by reduced connectivity within the DMN; inter-network connectivity between the DMN and somatomotor networks; the DMN and limbic networks; and between the somatomotor and cingulo-frontoparietal, with ventral attention and dorsal attention networks. However, graph-theoretical measures did not significantly differ between groups. These findings provide insight into the intrinsic networks underlying phenotypic differences between ADHD types. Furthermore, these intrinsic functional connectomic signatures support neurobiological differences underlying clinical variations in ADHD presentations, specifically reduced within and between functional connectivity of the DMN in the ADHD-C type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Saad
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristi R Griffiths
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R Kohn
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research Into Adolescent's Health, Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Taylor A Braund
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Clarke
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research Into Adolescent's Health, Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Regional brain morphology predicts pain relief in trigeminal neuralgia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102706. [PMID: 34087549 PMCID: PMC8184658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regional brain gray matter morphology robustly predict TN radiosurgery response. Surface area ML model was 96.7% accurate, 100.0% sensitive, and 89.1% specific. Top predictor for surface area model was contralateral superior frontal gyrus. Cortical thickness ML model was 90.5% accurate, 93.5% sensitive, and 83.7% specific. Top predictor for cortical thickness model was contralateral isthmus cingulate gyrus.
Background Trigeminal neuralgia, a severe chronic neuropathic pain disorder, is widely believed to be amenable to surgical treatments. Nearly 20% of patients, however, do not have adequate pain relief after surgery. Objective tools for personalized pre-treatment prognostication of pain relief following surgical interventions can minimize unnecessary surgeries and thus are of substantial benefit for patients and clinicians. Purpose To determine if pre-treatment regional brain morphology-based machine learning models can prognosticate 1 year response to Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. Methods We used a data-driven approach that combined retrospective structural neuroimaging data and support vector machine-based machine learning to produce robust multivariate prediction models of pain relief following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. Surgical response was defined as ≥ 75% pain relief 1 year post-treatment. We created two prediction models using pre-treatment regional brain gray matter morphology (cortical thickness or surface area) to distinguish responders from non-responders to radiosurgery. Feature selection was performed through sequential backwards selection algorithm. Model out-of-sample generalizability was estimated via stratified 10-fold cross-validation procedure and permutation testing. Results In 51 trigeminal neuralgia patients (35 responders, 16 non-responders), machine learning models based on pre-treatment regional brain gray matter morphology (14 regional surface areas or 13 regional cortical thicknesses) provided robust a priori prediction of surgical response. Cross-validation revealed the regional surface area model was 96.7% accurate, 100.0% sensitive, and 89.1% specific while the regional cortical thickness model was 90.5% accurate, 93.5% sensitive, and 83.7% specific. Permutation testing revealed that both models performed beyond pure chance (p < 0.001). The best predictor for regional surface area model and regional cortical thickness model was contralateral superior frontal gyrus and contralateral isthmus cingulate gyrus, respectively. Conclusions Our findings support the use of machine learning techniques in subsequent investigations of chronic neuropathic pain. Furthermore, our multivariate framework provides foundation for future development of generalizable, artificial intelligence-driven tools for chronic neuropathic pain treatments.
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Jeong HJ, Durham EL, Moore TM, Dupont RM, McDowell M, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Micciche ET, Berman MG, Lahey BB, Kaczkurkin AN. The association between latent trauma and brain structure in children. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:240. [PMID: 33895776 PMCID: PMC8068725 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing brain is marked by high plasticity, which can lead to vulnerability to early life stressors. Previous studies indicate that childhood maltreatment is associated with structural aberrations across a number of brain regions. However, prior work is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous age groups, the examination of one structure in isolation, the confounding of different types of early life stressors, and not accounting for socioeconomic status. These limitations may contribute to high variability across studies. The present study aimed to investigate how trauma is specifically associated with cortical thickness and gray matter volume (GMV) differences by leveraging a large sample of children (N = 9270) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). A latent measure of trauma exposure was derived from DSM-5 traumatic events, and we related this measure of trauma to the brain using structural equation modeling. Trauma exposure was associated with thinner cortices in the bilateral superior frontal gyri and right caudal middle frontal gyrus (pfdr-values < .001) as well as thicker cortices in the left isthmus cingulate and posterior cingulate (pfdr-values ≤ .027), after controlling age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, trauma exposure was associated with smaller GMV in the right amygdala and right putamen (pfdr-values ≤ .048). Sensitivity analyses that controlled for income and parental education were largely consistent with the main findings for cortical thickness. These results suggest that trauma may be an important risk factor for structural aberrations, specifically for cortical thickness differences in frontal and cingulate regions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Jeong
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - E. Leighton Durham
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Randolph M. Dupont
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Malerie McDowell
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Emily T. Micciche
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Marc G. Berman
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822The Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Benjamin B. Lahey
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Departments of Health Studies and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Antonia N. Kaczkurkin
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
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Hippocampal cerebral blood flow increased following low-pressure hyperbaric oxygenation in firefighters with mild traumatic brain injury and emotional distress. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4131-4138. [PMID: 33532950 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO), which has been used as an effective treatment for certain types of tissue injury, may change neural activities in the human brain and subsequently improve symptoms of psychiatric disorders. To scrutinize the neural mechanism of HBO in the human brain, we investigated whether 20 sessions of HBO changed regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the limbic system in firefighters with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and subjective emotional distress. METHODS Twenty firefighters with mTBI and mild emotional distress were treated with HBO at a relatively low pressure of 1.3 atmospheres absolute for 45 min a day for 20 consecutive days (the mild emotional distress group). The rCBF of the limbic system was measured using an arterial spin labeling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging before and after the HBO. Analyses were performed on the data from fourteen individuals who completed the study and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy firefighters (the comparison group). RESULTS Firefighters in the mild emotional distress group showed increase rCBF following HBO in a cluster encompassing the right hippocampal and parahippocampal regions (peak t = 4.31; cluster size = 248 mm3)(post-hoc analysis, z = 5.92, p < 0.001) that had lower rCBF relative to the comparison group at baseline (post-hoc analysis, t = -2.20, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that low-pressure HBO might increase rCBF of the hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, suggesting a potential underpinning mechanism of HBO in the human brain.
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7
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Age-related assessment of diffusion parameters in specific brain tracts correlated with cortical thinning. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:1799-1809. [PMID: 32886260 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with many brain structural alterations. These changes are not associated with neuronal loss but can be due to cortical structural changes that may be related to white matter (WM) structural alterations. In this study, we evaluated age-related changes in WM and gray matter (GM) parameters and how they correlate for specific brain tracts in a cohort of 158 healthy individuals, aged between 18 and 83 years old. In the tract-cortical analysis, cortical regions connected by tracts demonstrated similar thinning patterns for the majority of tracts. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between mean cortical thinning rate with fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) alteration rates. For all tracts, age was the main effect controlling diffusion parameter alterations. We found no direct correlations between cortical thickness and FA or MD, except for in the fornix, for which the subcallosal gyrus thickness was significantly correlated to FA and MD (p < 0.05 FDR corrected). Our findings lead to the conclusion that alterations in the WM diffusion parameters are explained by the aging process, also associated with cortical thickness changes. Also, the alteration rates of the structural parameters are correlated to the different brain tracts in the aging process.
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Jung M, Takiguchi S, Hamamura S, Mizuno Y, Kosaka H, Tomoda A. Thalamic Volume Is Related to Increased Anterior Thalamic Radiations in Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4238-4245. [PMID: 32147718 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is associated with childhood maltreatment and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Recent data suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with brain alterations in white and gray matter. However, the neural mechanisms of RAD-related brain alterations remain unknown. Herein, we evaluated the white matter pathways and gray matter volumes in 31 and 41 age-matched children with RAD and typical development (TD), respectively, by analyzing T1- and diffusion-weighted images. An increased fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity in the anterior thalamic radiations (ATR) and an increased volume in the bilateral pallidum and right thalamus were observed in children with RAD compared with those with TD. Moreover, the volume of the thalamus was associated with increased ATR FA in children with RAD. Our study confirmed the existence of atypical neurodevelopment processes in the thalamus, pallidum, and ATR in children with RAD and highlighted an interdependent relationship between the alterations in the thalamus and ATR. These findings may help to improve our understanding of the comprehensive neural mechanisms of RAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takiguchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shoko Hamamura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mizuno
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Akemi Tomoda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Wang YM, Yang ZY, Cai XL, Zhou HY, Zhang RT, Yang HX, Liang YS, Zhu XZ, Madsen KH, Sørensen TA, Møller A, Wang Z, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Identifying Schizo-Obsessive Comorbidity by Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and Probabilistic Tractography. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:442-453. [PMID: 31355879 PMCID: PMC7442329 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A phenomenon in schizophrenia patients that deserves attention is the high comorbidity rate with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Little is known about the neurobiological basis of schizo-obsessive comorbidity (SOC). We aimed to investigate whether specific changes in white matter exist in patients with SOC and the relationship between such abnormalities and clinical parameters. Twenty-eight patients with SOC, 28 schizophrenia patients, 30 OCD patients, and 30 demographically matched healthy controls were recruited. Using Tract-based Spatial Statistics and Probabilistic Tractography, we examined the pattern of white matter abnormalities in these participants. We also used ANOVA and Support Vector Classification of various white matter indices and structural connection probability to further examine white matter changes among the 4 groups. We found that patients with SOC had decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased radial diffusivity in the right sagittal stratum and the left crescent of the fornix/stria terminalis compared with healthy controls. We also found changed connection probability in the Default Mode Network, the Subcortical Network, the Attention Network, the Task Control Network, the Visual Network, the Somatosensory Network, and the cerebellum in the SOC group compared with the other 3 groups. The classification results further revealed that FA features could differentiate the SOC group from the other 3 groups with an accuracy of .78. These findings highlight the specific white matter abnormalities found in patients with SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin-Lu Cai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Han-Yu Zhou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui-Ting Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Han-Xue Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun-Si Liang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiong-Zhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Alrik Sørensen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, PR China; tel: 86-(0)10-64836274, fax: 86-(0)10-64836274, e-mail:
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Relative Head Impact Exposure and Brain White Matter Alterations After a Single Season of Competitive Football: A Pilot Comparison of Youth Versus High School Football. Clin J Sport Med 2019; 29:442-450. [PMID: 31688173 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Youth athletes are believed to be more susceptible to white matter (WM) degradation resulting from head impact exposure relative to high school (HS) athletes; this hypothesis has not been objectively tested. The purpose of this study was to determine preseason to postseason changes in WM integrity from repetitive head impacts for youth football (YFB) players compared with HS football players during a competitive football season. DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING One season of YFB (grades 7 and 8) and varsity HS football (grades 10-12). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twelve YFB (13.08 ± 0.64 years) and 21 HS (17.5 ± 0.78 years) athletes. INTERVENTIONS Participants completed 2 magnetic resonance imaging sessions: preseason and postseason. Head impact exposure was recorded during practice and games using a helmet-mounted accelerometer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tract-based spatial statistics were used to evaluate group differences in preseason to postseason changes in diffusion tensor imaging, including fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). RESULTS The HS group exhibited significant preseason to postseason reductions in MD, AD, and RD (P < 0.05, corrected) in widespread WM areas. Significant WM reductions for the YFB group were only observed for AD (P < 0.05, corrected), but was more limited in extent compared with HS. CONCLUSIONS Significant preseason to postseason AD reduction was found in both YFB and HS groups after one season of competitive play. Our results did not confirm recent speculation that younger children are more susceptible to the deleterious effects of repetitive head impacts compared with their older counterparts.
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11
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Wang Y, Hao L, Zhang Y, Zuo C, Wang D. Entorhinal cortex volume, thickness, surface area and curvature trajectories over the adult lifespan. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 292:47-53. [PMID: 31521943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (ERC) acts as a connection between the hippocampus and temporal cortex and plays a key role in memory retrieval and navigation. The morphology of this brain region changes with age. However, there are few quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies of ERC morphology across the healthy adult lifespan. In this study, we quantified ERC volume, thickness, surface area, and curvature in a large number of subjects spanning seven decades of life. Using structural MRI data from 563 healthy subjects ranging from 19 to 86 years of age, we explored the adult lifespan trajectory of ERC volume, thickness, surface and curvature. ERC volume, thickness, and surface area initially increased with age, reaching a peak at about 32 years, 40 years, and 50 years of age, respectively, after which they decreased with age. ERC volume and surface area were hemispherically leftward asymmetric, whereas ERC thickness was hemispherically rightward asymmetric, with no gender differences. The direction of asymmetry differed across the measures. This informs previous inconsistencies in reports of ERC asymmetry. ERC aging began in mid-adulthood. At this stage of life, it may be important to adopt some strategies to reduce the effects of aging on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chenyi Zuo
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
| | - Daoyang Wang
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
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12
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Fullard K, Maller JJ, Welton T, Lyon M, Gordon E, Koslow SH, Grieve SM. Is occipital bending a structural biomarker of risk for depression and sensitivity to treatment? J Clin Neurosci 2019; 63:55-61. [PMID: 30827879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Occipital bending (OB) describes asymmetry of the occipital lobes where one lobe wraps across the midline, and has been associated with the presence of mood disorders. We evaluated the relationship between OB and major depressive disorder (MDD) in a large population of subjects from the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression. MDD patients (n = 231) and healthy controls (n = 68) underwent MRI and neuropsychiatric evaluation, including response or remission to antidepressant medication at baseline and at 8 weeks. Cortical thickness, ventricular volumes and regional grey matter volumes were measured. OB was visually assessed and OB angle measured using a semi-automated method. Correlations with MDD diagnosis, MRI measures and clinical features were tested. Results demonstrated a greater proportion of rightwards OB in MDD compared to control subjects (p = 0.02). There was no difference in the total prevalence of OB (combined left and rightward bending) between MDD and controls. MDD subjects with right OB had greater cortical thickness in three medial occipital regions (cuneus, lingual gyrus and calcarine sulcus) on the left. Lateral ventricular size was 20% lower bilaterally in right OB MDD subjects compared to non-OB MDD subjects. OB was not associated with severity (HDRS-17). Our data suggest the presence of a strong link between greater rightward occipital bending and MDD. Rightward-OB is associated with greater left medial occipital cortical thickness, and with reduced lateral ventricular size. The cause for greater rightward bending in MDD patients is unclear, however our data suggest a developmental aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Fullard
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jerome J Maller
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; General Electric Healthcare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Welton
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Lyon
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Evian Gordon
- Brain Resource Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain Resource Ltd, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen H Koslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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13
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Burneo-Garcés C, Cruz-Quintana F, Pérez-García M, Fernández-Alcántara M, Fasfous A, Pérez-Marfil MN. Interaction between Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Development in Children Aged 7, 9, and 11 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dev Neuropsychol 2018; 44:1-16. [PMID: 30537871 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2018.1554662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The socioeconomic status (SES) of parents has a crucial influence on the cognitive development of children, but it is not clear whether this effect varies as a function of the children's age. The objective of this study was to investigate the development of children aged 7, 9, and 11 years of parents with extremely low SES in a developing country (Ecuador). Participating children were divided between a medium-SES group and a low-SES group. Statistically significant differences were observed as a function of SES group and age in verbal memory, language, and executive function, observing wider between-group differences among the 11-year-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Burneo-Garcés
- a Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Universidad de Otavalo , Otavalo , Ecuador
| | - Francisco Cruz-Quintana
- a Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- a Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Alcántara
- a Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Department of Health Psychology , University of Alicante , Alicante , Spain
| | - Ahmed Fasfous
- a Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,d Department of Social Sciences , Bethlehem University , Bethlehem , Palestine , State of Palestine
| | - Mª Nieves Pérez-Marfil
- a Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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14
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Pareek V, Rallabandi VS, Roy PK. A Correlational Study between Microstructural White Matter Properties and Macrostructural Gray Matter Volume Across Normal Ageing: Conjoint DTI and VBM Analysis. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2018; 11:1178623X18799926. [PMID: 30349289 PMCID: PMC6194920 DOI: 10.1177/1178623x18799926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between Gray matter’s volume vis-a-vis White matter’s integrity indices, such Axial diffusivity, Radial diffusivity, Mean diffusivity, and Fractional anisotropy, in individuals undergoing healthy aging. We investigated MRI scans of 177 adults across 20 to 85 years. We used Voxel-based morphometry, and FDT-FSL analysis for estimation of Gray matter volume and White matter’s diffusion indices respectively. Across the life span, we observed an inter-relationship between the Gray matter and White matter, namely that both Axial diffusivity and Mean Diffusivity show strong correlation with Gray matter volume, along the aging process. Furthermore, across all ages the Fractional anisotropy and Mean diffusivity are found to be significantly reduced in females when compared to males, but there are no significant gender differences in Axial Diffusivity and Radial diffusivity. We conclude that for both genders across all ages, the Gray matter’s Volume is strongly correlated with White matter’s Axial Diffusivity and Mean Diffusivity, while being weakly correlated with Fractional Anisotropy. Our study clarifies the multi-scale relationship in brain tissue, by elucidating how the White matter’s micro-structural parameters influences the Gray matter’s macro-structural characteristics, during healthy aging across the life-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Pareek
- National Neuroimaging Facility, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | | | - Prasun K Roy
- Computational Neuroscience & Neuro-Imaging Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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15
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Aghamohammadi-Sereshki A, Hrybouski S, Travis S, Huang Y, Olsen F, Carter R, Camicioli R, Malykhin NV. Amygdala subnuclei and healthy cognitive aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:34-52. [PMID: 30291764 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdala is a group of nuclei involved in the neural circuits of fear, reward learning, and stress. The main goal of this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was to investigate the relationship between age and the amygdala subnuclei volumes in a large cohort of healthy individuals. Our second goal was to determine effects of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms on the amygdala structure. One hundred and twenty-six healthy participants (18-85 years old) were recruited for this study. MRI datasets were acquired on a 4.7 T system. Amygdala was manually segmented into five major subdivisions (lateral, basal, accessory basal nuclei, and cortical, and centromedial groups). The BDNF (methionine and homozygous valine) and APOE genotypes (ε2, homozygous ε3, and ε4) were obtained using single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found significant nonlinear negative associations between age and the total amygdala and its lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei volumes, while the cortical amygdala showed a trend. These age-related associations were found only in males but not in females. Centromedial amygdala did not show any relationship with age. We did not observe any statistically significant effects of APOE and BDNF polymorphisms on the amygdala subnuclei volumes. In contrast to APOE ε2 allele carriers, both older APOE ε4 and ε3 allele carriers had smaller lateral, basal, accessory basal nuclei volumes compared to their younger counterparts. This study indicates that amygdala subnuclei might be nonuniformly affected by aging and that age-related association might be gender specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanislau Hrybouski
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott Travis
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fraser Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rawle Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikolai V Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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16
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do Vale S, Escera C. Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate and Emotional Processing. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 108:413-441. [PMID: 30029737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are important regulators of brain development, physiological function, and behavior. Among them, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) also do modulate emotional processing and may have mood enhancement effects. This chapter reviews the studies that bear relation to DHEA and DHEAS [DHEA(S)] and brain emotional processing and behavior. A brief introduction to the mechanisms of action and variations of DHEA(S) levels throughout life has also been forward in this chapter. Higher DHEA(S) levels may reduce activity in brain regions involved in the generation of negative emotions and modulate activity in regions involved in regulatory processes. At the electrophysiological level, higher DHEA-to-cortisol and DHEAS-to-DHEA ratios were related to shorter P300 latencies and shorter P300 amplitudes during the processing of negative stimuli, suggesting less interference of negative stimuli with the task and less processing of the negative information, which in turn may suggest a protective mechanism against negative information overload. Present knowledge indicates that DHEA(S) may play a role in cortical development and plasticity, protecting against negative affect and depression, and at the same time enhancing attention and overall working memory, possibly at the cost of a reduction in emotional processing, emotional memory, and social understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia do Vale
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carles Escera
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Nguyen TV. Developmental effects of androgens in the human brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30. [PMID: 28489322 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine theories of brain development posit that androgens play a crucial role in sex-specific cortical growth, although little is known about the differential effects of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on cortico-limbic development and cognition during adolescence. In this context, the National Institutes of Health Study of Normal Brain Development, a longitudinal study of typically developing children and adolescents aged 4-24 years (n=433), offers a unique opportunity to examine the developmental effects of androgens on cortico-limbic maturation and cognition. Using data from this sample, our group found that higher testosterone levels were associated with left-sided decreases in cortical thickness (CTh) in post-pubertal boys, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, compared to right-sided increases in CTh in somatosensory areas in pre-pubertal girls. Prefrontal-amygdala and prefrontal-hippocampal structural covariance (considered to reflect structural connectivity) also varied according to testosterone levels, with the testosterone-related brain phenotype predicting higher aggression levels and lower executive function, particularly in boys. By contrast, DHEA was associated with a pre-pubertal increase in CTh of several regions involved in cognitive control in both boys and girls. Covariance within several cortico-amygdalar structural networks also varied as a function of DHEA levels, with the DHEA-related brain phenotype predicting improvements in visual attention in both boys and girls. DHEA-related cortico-hippocampal structural covariance, on the other hand, predicted higher scores on a test of working memory. Interestingly, there were significant interactions between testosterone and DHEA, such that DHEA tended to mitigate the anti-proliferative effects of testosterone on brain structure. In sum, testosterone-related effects on the developing brain may lead to detrimental effects on cortical functions (ie, higher aggression and lower executive function), whereas DHEA-related effects may optimise cortical functions (ie, better attention and working memory), perhaps by decreasing the influence of amygdalar and hippocampal afferents on cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-V Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Yu T, Korgaonkar MS, Grieve SM. Gray Matter Atrophy in the Cerebellum-Evidence of Increased Vulnerability of the Crus and Vermis with Advancing Age. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 16:388-397. [PMID: 27395405 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined patterns of cerebellar volumetric gray matter (GM) loss across the adult lifespan in a large cross-sectional sample. Four hundred and seventy-nine healthy participants (age range: 7-86 years) were drawn from the Brain Resource International Database who provided T1-weighted MRI scans. The spatially unbiased infratentorial template (SUIT) toolbox in SPM8 was used for normalisation of the cerebellum structures. Global volumetric and voxel-based morphometry analyses were performed to evaluate age-associated trends and gender-specific age-patterns. Global cerebellar GM shows a cross-sectional reduction with advancing age of 2.5 % per decade-approximately half the rate seen in the whole brain. The male cerebellum is larger with a lower percentage of GM, however, after controlling for total brain volume, no gender difference was detected. Analysis of age-related changes in GM volume revealed large bilateral clusters involving the vermis and cerebellar crus where regional loss occurred at nearly twice the average cerebellar rate. No gender-specific patterns were detected. These data confirm that regionally specific GM loss occurs in the cerebellum with age, and form a solid base for further investigation to find functional correlates for this global and focal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Yu
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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19
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Busovaca E, Zimmerman ME, Meier IB, Griffith EY, Grieve SM, Korgaonkar MS, Williams LM, Brickman AM. Is the Alzheimer's disease cortical thickness signature a biological marker for memory? Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:517-23. [PMID: 26040979 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that analysis of the cortical thickness in key brain regions can be used to identify individuals at greatest risk for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is unclear to what extent this "signature" is a biological marker of normal memory function - the primary cognitive domain affected by AD. We examined the relationship between the AD signature biomarker and memory functioning in a group of neurologically healthy young and older adults. Cortical thickness measurements and neuropsychological evaluations were obtained in 110 adults (age range 21-78, mean = 46) drawn from the Brain Resource International Database. The cohort was divided into young adult (n = 64, age 21-50) and older adult (n = 46, age 51-78) groups. Cortical thickness analysis was performed with FreeSurfer, and the average cortical thickness extracted from the eight regions that comprise the AD signature. Mean AD-signature cortical thickness was positively associated with performance on the delayed free recall trial of a list learning task and this relationship did not differ between younger and older adults. Mean AD-signature cortical thickness was not associated with performance on a test of psychomotor speed, as a control task, in either group. The results suggest that the AD signature cortical thickness is a marker for memory functioning across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Busovaca
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Molly E Zimmerman
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Irene B Meier
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Erica Y Griffith
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Westmead, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Box 16, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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20
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Cortical folding patterns are associated with impulsivity in healthy young adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1592-1603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Breukelaar IA, Antees C, Grieve SM, Foster SL, Gomes L, Williams LM, Korgaonkar MS. Cognitive control network anatomy correlates with neurocognitive behavior: A longitudinal study. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:631-643. [PMID: 27623046 PMCID: PMC5347905 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is the process of employing executive functions, such as attention, planning or working memory, to guide appropriate behaviors in order to achieve a specific goal. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest a superordinate cognitive control network, comprising the dorsal regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and parietal cortex (DPC). How gray matter structure changes across this network throughout neurodevelopment and how these changes impact cognitive control are not yet fully understood. Here we investigate changes in gray matter volume of the key nodes of the cognitive control network using structural MRI scans from 176 participants aged 8-38 years. One hundred and eleven of these also completed a longitudinal follow-up at two years. We compare these with performance on a cognitive battery also measured at these two time points. We found that volume decreases in the cognitive control network were associated with improved performance in executive function (in left DLPFC and bilateral DPC), information processing (in bilateral dACC and right DPC) and emotion identification tasks (left DLPFC). These results were significant after controlling for age. Furthermore, gray matter changes were coordinated across the network. These findings imply age-independent synaptic pruning in the cognitive control network may have a role in improving performance in cognitive domains. This study provides insight into the direct impact of structural changes on behavior within this network during neurodevelopment and provides a normative evidence base to better understand development of cognitive dysfunction in brain disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:631-643, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Breukelaar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cassandra Antees
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheryl L Foster
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,The Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lavier Gomes
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,MIRECC, Palo Alto VA, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Lichenstein SD, Verstynen T, Forbes EE. Adolescent brain development and depression: A case for the importance of connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:271-287. [PMID: 27461914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose that structural and functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) represents a critical component of adolescent developmental psychopathology. We hypothesize that connectivity of the ACC, a hub for integrating cognitive, affective, and social information to guide self-regulation across domains, supports adaptive development of self-regulation during adolescence and that, conversely, disrupted maturation of ACC connectivity contributes to the development of depression. To integrate findings on typical development, we report results of a meta-analysis of diffusion imaging findings of typical adolescent development of the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiations, the tracts most relevant to ACC connectivity, and provide a critical review of the literature on ACC functional connectivity. Finally, we review the evidence for altered structural and functional connectivity in adolescents with depression. Although the evidence for our claim is persuasive, a more comprehensive understanding of the ACC's role depends upon future investigations with sophisticated modeling of networks, prospective and longitudinal designs, and examination of structure-function associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Lichenstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Center for the Neural Bases of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Center for the Neural Bases of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Center for the Neural Bases of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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23
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Riggins T, Blankenship SL, Mulligan E, Rice K, Redcay E. Developmental Differences in Relations Between Episodic Memory and Hippocampal Subregion Volume During Early Childhood. Child Dev 2015; 86:1710-8. [PMID: 26459750 PMCID: PMC5875696 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory shows striking improvement during early childhood. However, neural contributions to these behavioral changes are not well understood. This study examined associations between episodic memory and volume of subregions (head, body, and tail) of the hippocampus-a structure known to support episodic memory in school-aged children and adults-during early childhood (n = 45). Results revealed significant positive relations between episodic memory and volume of the hippocampal head in both the left and right hemispheres for 6- but not 4-year-old children, suggesting brain-behavior relations vary across development. These findings add new information regarding neural mechanisms of change in memory development during early childhood and suggest that developmental differences in hippocampal subregions may contribute to age-related differences in episodic memory ability.
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24
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Hasan KM, Mwangi B, Cao B, Keser Z, Tustison NJ, Kochunov P, Frye RE, Savatic M, Soares J. Entorhinal Cortex Thickness across the Human Lifespan. J Neuroimaging 2015; 26:278-82. [PMID: 26565394 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human entorhinal cortex (ERC) connects the temporal neocortex with hippocampus and is essential for memory retrieval and navigation. Markedly, there have been only few quantitative MRI works on the ERC geometric measurements in pediatric and adult healthy subjects across the lifespan. Here, we sought to fill this gap in knowledge by quantifying the ERC thickness in a very large cohort of subjects spanning 9 decades of life. METHODS Using magnetic resonance imaging data from multiple centers (IXI, MMRR, NKI, OASIS combined with the NIH-Child Dev database and locally recruited healthy subjects), we analyzed the lifespan trajectory of ERC thickness in 1,660 healthy controls ranging from 2 to 94 years of age. RESULTS The ERC thickness increased with age, reached a peak at about 44 years, and then decreased with age. ERC thickness is hemispherically rightward-asymmetric with no gender differences. Mean ERC thickness was found to vary between 2.943 ± .438 mm and 3.525 ± .355 mm across different age populations. Also, more pronounced loss of the ERC thickness in healthy aging men was noticeable. DISCUSSION Our report with high spatial resolution brain MRI data from 1,660 healthy controls provided important clues about ERC thickness across lifespan. We believe that our report will pave the way for the future studies investigating distinct neural pathologies related with cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader M Hasan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic and Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Diagnostic and Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zafer Keser
- Department of Diagnostic and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nicholas J Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Richard E Frye
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Mirjana Savatic
- Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Jair Soares
- Department of Diagnostic and Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
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25
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Stamm JM, Koerte IK, Muehlmann M, Pasternak O, Bourlas AP, Baugh CM, Giwerc MY, Zhu A, Coleman MJ, Bouix S, Fritts NG, Martin BM, Chaisson C, McClean MD, Lin AP, Cantu RC, Tripodis Y, Stern RA, Shenton ME. Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players. J Neurotrauma 2015. [PMID: 26200068 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth football players may incur hundreds of repetitive head impacts (RHI) in one season. Our recent research suggests that exposure to RHI during a critical neurodevelopmental period prior to age 12 may lead to greater later-life mood, behavioral, and cognitive impairments. Here, we examine the relationship between age of first exposure (AFE) to RHI through tackle football and later-life corpus callosum (CC) microstructure using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Forty retired National Football League (NFL) players, ages 40-65, were matched by age and divided into two groups based on their AFE to tackle football: before age 12 or at age 12 or older. Participants underwent DTI on a 3 Tesla Siemens (TIM-Verio) magnet. The whole CC and five subregions were defined and seeded using deterministic tractography. Dependent measures were fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. Results showed that former NFL players in the AFE <12 group had significantly lower FA in anterior three CC regions and higher radial diffusivity in the most anterior CC region than those in the AFE ≥12 group. This is the first study to find a relationship between AFE to RHI and later-life CC microstructure. These results suggest that incurring RHI during critical periods of CC development may disrupt neurodevelopmental processes, including myelination, resulting in altered CC microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Stamm
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inga K Koerte
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University , Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Muehlmann
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University , Munich, Germany
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,15 Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra P Bourlas
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine M Baugh
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Y Giwerc
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anni Zhu
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Coleman
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan G Fritts
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brett M Martin
- 7 Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Chaisson
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,7 Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts.,8 Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D McClean
- 9 Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander P Lin
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,10 Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert C Cantu
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,11 Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,12 Sports Legacy Institute , Waltham, Massachusetts.,13 Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital , Concord, Massachusetts
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,8 Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Stern
- 1 CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,11 Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.,14 Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martha E Shenton
- 3 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,15 Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,16 VA Boston Healthcare System , Brockton Division, Brockton, Massachusetts
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26
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Goodkind M, Eickhoff SB, Oathes DJ, Jiang Y, Chang A, Jones-Hagata LB, Ortega BN, Zaiko YV, Roach EL, Korgaonkar MS, Grieve SM, Galatzer-Levy I, Fox PT, Etkin A. Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:305-15. [PMID: 25651064 PMCID: PMC4791058 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Psychiatric diagnoses are currently distinguished based on sets of specific symptoms. However, genetic and clinical analyses find similarities across a wide variety of diagnoses, suggesting that a common neurobiological substrate may exist across mental illness. OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies across multiple psychiatric diagnoses, followed by parallel analyses of 3 large-scale healthy participant data sets to help interpret structural findings in the meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed was searched to identify voxel-based morphometry studies through July 2012 comparing psychiatric patients to healthy control individuals for the meta-analysis. The 3 parallel healthy participant data sets included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, a database of activation foci across thousands of neuroimaging experiments, and a data set with structural imaging and cognitive task performance data. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they reported voxel-based morphometry differences between patients with an Axis I diagnosis and control individuals in stereotactic coordinates across the whole brain, did not present predominantly in childhood, and had at least 10 studies contributing to that diagnosis (or across closely related diagnoses). The meta-analysis was conducted on peak voxel coordinates using an activation likelihood estimation approach. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We tested for areas of common gray matter volume increase or decrease across Axis I diagnoses, as well as areas differing between diagnoses. Follow-up analyses on other healthy participant data sets tested connectivity related to regions arising from the meta-analysis and the relationship of gray matter volume to cognition. RESULTS Based on the voxel-based morphometry meta-analysis of 193 studies comprising 15 892 individuals across 6 diverse diagnostic groups (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety), we found that gray matter loss converged across diagnoses in 3 regions: the dorsal anterior cingulate, right insula, and left insula. By contrast, there were few diagnosis-specific effects, distinguishing only schizophrenia and depression from other diagnoses. In the parallel follow-up analyses of the 3 independent healthy participant data sets, we found that the common gray matter loss regions formed a tightly interconnected network during tasks and at resting and that lower gray matter in this network was associated with poor executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS AND REVELANCE We identified a concordance across psychiatric diagnoses in terms of integrity of an anterior insula/dorsal anterior cingulate-based network, which may relate to executive function deficits observed across diagnoses. This concordance provides an organizing model that emphasizes the importance of shared neural substrates across psychopathology, despite likely diverse etiologies, which is currently not an explicit component of psychiatric nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Goodkind
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany4Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Desmond J. Oathes
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Ying Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Andrew Chang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Laura B. Jones-Hagata
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Brissa N. Ortega
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Yevgeniya V. Zaiko
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Erika L. Roach
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Sydney Medical School–Westmead, Sydney, Australia6Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Grieve
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Sydney Medical School–Westmead, Sydney, Australia6Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio9South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio10School of Humanities, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China11State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Scienc
| | - Amit Etkin
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, California2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
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27
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Noble KG, Houston SM, Brito NH, Bartsch H, Kan E, Kuperman JM, Akshoomoff N, Amaral DG, Bloss CS, Libiger O, Schork NJ, Murray SS, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst TM, Frazier JA, Gruen JR, Kennedy DN, Van Zijl P, Mostofsky S, Kaufmann WE, Kenet T, Dale AM, Jernigan TL, Sowell ER. Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:773-8. [PMID: 25821911 PMCID: PMC4414816 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic disparities are associated with differences in cognitive development. The extent to which this translates to disparities in brain structure is unclear. Here, we investigated relationships between socioeconomic factors and brain morphometry, independently of genetic ancestry, among a cohort of 1099 typically developing individuals between 3 and 20 years. Income was logarithmically associated with brain surface area. Specifically, among children from lower income families, small differences in income were associated with relatively large differences in surface area, whereas, among children from higher income families, similar income increments were associated with smaller differences in surface area. These relationships were most prominent in regions supporting language, reading, executive functions and spatial skills; surface area mediated socioeconomic differences in certain neurocognitive abilities. These data indicate that income relates most strongly to brain structure among the most disadvantaged children. Potential implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Noble
- 1] College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [2] Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Suzanne M Houston
- 1] Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalie H Brito
- Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholar Program, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric Kan
- 1] The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- 1] Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [3] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Natacha Akshoomoff
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [3] Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David G Amaral
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] The Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Schork
- Human Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah S Murray
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - B J Casey
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and the Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and the Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jean A Frazier
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Gruen
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. [4] Department of Investigative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David N Kennedy
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Van Zijl
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. [3] Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stewart Mostofsky
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Walter E Kaufmann
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tal Kenet
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- 1] Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [3] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [4] Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [5] Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [6] Center for Translational Imaging and Personalized Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- 1] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA. [2] Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [3] Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [4] Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Sowell
- 1] The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3] The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, San Diego, California, USA
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Chen DQ, Strauss I, Hayes DJ, Davis KD, Hodaie M. Age-related changes in diffusion tensor imaging metrics of fornix subregions in healthy humans. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2015; 93:151-9. [PMID: 25790958 DOI: 10.1159/000368442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE White matter diffusivity measures of the fornix change with aging, which likely relates to changes in memory and cognition in older adults. Subregional variations in forniceal diffusivity may exist, given its heterogeneous anatomy and connectivity; however, these have not been closely examined in vivo. We examined diffusivity parameters (fractional anisotropy, FA; radial diffusivity, RD; axial diffusivity, AD) in forniceal subregions of healthy subjects and correlated them with age and hippocampal volume. METHODS Diffusion-weighted imaging and streamline tractography of the fornix were performed on 20 healthy, right-handed females (23-66 years). Six anatomical subregions were defined: midline (body, column, precommissural fornix) or lateral (fimbria, crura, postcommissural fornix). Regression analysis was performed comparing diffusivities against age. Hippocampal and ventricular volumes were also compared. RESULTS Diffusivity values revealed statistical changes with age in both midline and lateralized subregions. The fornix body and left crus showed age-related alterations in all metrics (FA, RD, AD), whereas only right crus FA was altered. There was no significant change in hippocampal volumes, suggesting that forniceal changes may precede hippocampal age-related changes. CONCLUSIONS Age-related changes in fornix diffusivity measures appear subregion dependent and asymmetrical. Specific subregion diffusivity measures may be a more sensitive aging marker than hippocampal volume change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Qixiang Chen
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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29
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Expert consensus document: Mind the gaps—advancing research into short-term and long-term neuropsychological outcomes of youth sports-related concussions. Nat Rev Neurol 2015; 11:230-44. [PMID: 25776822 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions and repetitive subconcussive exposure are increasingly recognized as potential dangers to paediatric populations, but much remains unknown about the short-term and long-term consequences of these events, including potential cognitive impairment and risk of later-life dementia. This Expert Consensus Document is the result of a 1-day meeting convened by Safe Kids Worldwide, the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, and the Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. The goal is to highlight knowledge gaps and areas of critically needed research in the areas of concussion science, dementia, genetics, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, neuroimaging, sports injury surveillance, and information sharing. For each of these areas, we propose clear and achievable paths to improve the understanding, treatment and prevention of youth sports-related concussions.
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30
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Korgaonkar MS, Fornito A, Williams LM, Grieve SM. Abnormal structural networks characterize major depressive disorder: a connectome analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:567-74. [PMID: 24690111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been shown to be associated with a disrupted topological organization of functional brain networks. However, little is known regarding whether these changes have a structural basis. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables comprehensive whole-brain mapping of the white matter tracts that link regions distributed throughout the entire brain, the so-called human connectome. METHODS We examined whole-brain structural networks in a cohort of 95 MDD outpatients and 102 matched control subjects. Structural networks were represented by an 84 × 84 connectivity matrix representing probabilistic white matter connections between 84 parcellated cortical and subcortical regions using DTI tractography. Network-based statistics were used to assess differences in the interregional connectivity matrix between the two groups, and graph theory was used to examine overall topological organization. RESULTS Our network-based statistics analysis demonstrates lowered structural connectivity within two distinct brain networks that are present in depression: the first primarily involves the regions of the default mode network and the second comprises the frontal cortex, thalamus, and caudate regions that are central in emotional and cognitive processing. These two altered networks were observed in the context of an overall preservation of topology as reflected as no significant group differences for the graph-theory measures. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to use DTI to show the structural connectomic alterations present in MDD. Our findings highlight that altered structural connectivity between nodes of the default mode network and the frontal-thalamo-caudate regions are core neurobiological features associated with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Alex Fornito
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry & Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
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Brito NH, Noble KG. Socioeconomic status and structural brain development. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:276. [PMID: 25249931 PMCID: PMC4155174 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neuroimaging methods have made accessible new ways of disentangling the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that influence structural brain development. In recent years, research investigating associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and brain development have found significant links between SES and changes in brain structure, especially in areas related to memory, executive control, and emotion. This review focuses on studies examining links between structural brain development and SES disparities of the magnitude typically found in developing countries. We highlight how highly correlated measures of SES are differentially related to structural changes within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H Brito
- Department of Pediatrics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly G Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
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Yu Q, Peng Y, Mishra V, Ouyang A, Li H, Zhang H, Chen M, Liu S, Huang H. Microstructure, length, and connection of limbic tracts in normal human brain development. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:228. [PMID: 25221509 PMCID: PMC4147394 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cingulum and fornix play an important role in memory, attention, spatial orientation, and feeling functions. Both microstructure and length of these limbic tracts can be affected by mental disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, autism, anxiety, and schizophrenia. To date, there has been little systematic characterization of their microstructure, length, and functional connectivity in normally developing brains. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 65 normally developing right-handed subjects from birth to young adulthood was acquired. After cingulate gyrus part of the cingulum (cgc), hippocampal part of the cingulum (cgh) and fornix (fx) were traced with DTI tractography, absolute and normalized tract lengths and DTI-derived metrics including fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity were measured for traced limbic tracts. Free water elimination (FWE) algorithm was adopted to improve accuracy of the measurements of DTI-derived metrics. The role of these limbic tracts in the functional network at birth and adulthood was explored. We found a logarithmic age-dependent trajectory for FWE-corrected DTI metric changes with fast increase of microstructural integrity from birth to 2 years old followed by a slow increase to 25 years old. Normalized tract length of cgc increases with age, while no significant relationship with age was found for normalized tract lengths of cgh and fx. Stronger microstructural integrity on the left side compared to that of the right side was found. With integrated DTI and rs-fMRI, the key connectional role of cgc and cgh in the default mode network was confirmed as early as birth. Systematic characterization of length and DTI metrics after FWE correction of limbic tracts offers insight into their morphological and microstructural developmental trajectories. These trajectories may serve as a normal reference for pediatric patients with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowen Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China ; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Virendra Mishra
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Austin Ouyang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, TX , USA
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Hao Huang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA ; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
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Cordina R, Grieve S, Barnett M, Lagopoulos J, Malitz N, Celermajer DS. Brain volumetric, regional cortical thickness and radiographic findings in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 4:319-25. [PMID: 24501700 PMCID: PMC3913831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic cyanosis in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) may cause structural brain changes that could contribute to impaired neurological functioning. The extent of these changes has not been adequately characterized. Hypothesis We hypothesized that adults with cyanotic CHD would have widespread changes including abnormal brain volumetric measures, decreased cortical thickness and an increased burden of small and large vessel ischemic changes. Methods Ten adults with chronic cyanosis from CHD (40 ± 4 years) and mean oxygen saturations of 82 ± 2% were investigated using quantitative MRI. Hematological and biochemical parameters were also assessed. All subjects were free from major physical or intellectual impairment. Brain volumetric results were compared with randomly selected age- and sex-matched controls from our database of normal subjects. Results Five of 10 cyanotic subjects had cortical lacunar infarcts. The white matter (WM) hyperintensity burden was also abnormally high (Scheltens Scale was 8 ± 2). Quantitative MRI revealed evidence of extensive generalized WM and gray matter (GM) volumetric loss; global GM volume was reduced in cyanosed subjects (630 ± 16 vs. 696 ± 14 mL in controls, p = 0.01) as was global WM volume (471 ± 10 vs. 564 ± 18 mL, p = 0.003). Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume was increased (35 ± 10 vs. 26 ± 5 mL, p = 0.002). There were widespread regions of local cortical thickness reduction observed across the brain. These changes included bilateral thickness reductions in the frontal lobe including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precentral gyrus, the posterior parietal lobe and the middle temporal gyrus. Sub-cortical volume changes were observed in the caudate, putamen and in the thalamus (p ≤ 0.005 for all regions). Cortical GM volume negatively correlated with brain natriuretic peptide (R = − 0.89, p = 0.009), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (R = − 0.964, p < 0.0001) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (R = − 0.75, p = 0.026) but not with oxygen saturations, packed cell volume or viscosity. Conclusions We present the first comprehensive analysis of brain structure in adults with chronic neurocyanosis due to congenital heart disease. We demonstrate clear evidence for marked macro- and microvascular injury. Cyanotic patients show global evidence for reduced brain volume as well as specific foci of cortical thickness reduction. The GM volume loss correlated with hsCRP, BNP and ADMA suggesting that inflammation, neurohormonal activation and endothelial dysfunction may have important roles in its pathogenesis. A high burden of cerebral small and large vessel ischemic injury. Extensive white and gray matter (GM) volumetric loss. Regions of bilateral local cortical thickness reduction within the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia ; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart Grieve
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ; The Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Barnett
- Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre, Brain & Mind Research Institute, Sydney, Australia ; Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre, Brain & Mind Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David S Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia ; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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McKee AC, Daneshvar DH, Alvarez VE, Stein TD. The neuropathology of sport. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:29-51. [PMID: 24366527 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of regular exercise, physical fitness and sports participation on cardiovascular and brain health are undeniable. Physical activity reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and stroke, and produces beneficial effects on cholesterol levels, antioxidant systems, inflammation, and vascular function. Exercise also enhances psychological health, reduces age-related loss of brain volume, improves cognition, reduces the risk of developing dementia, and impedes neurodegeneration. Nonetheless, the play of sports is associated with risks, including a risk for mild TBI (mTBI) and, rarely, catastrophic traumatic injury and death. There is also growing awareness that repetitive mTBIs, such as concussion and subconcussion, can occasionally produce persistent cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric problems as well as lead to the development of a neurodegeneration, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In this review, we summarize the beneficial aspects of sports participation on psychological, emotional, physical and cognitive health, and specifically analyze some of the less common adverse neuropathological outcomes, including concussion, second-impact syndrome, juvenile head trauma syndrome, catastrophic sudden death, and CTE. CTE is a latent neurodegeneration clinically associated with behavioral changes, executive dysfunction and cognitive impairments, and pathologically characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy, neuronal and axonal loss, and abnormal deposits of paired helical filament (PHF)-tau and 43 kDa TAR deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding protein (TDP-43). CTE often occurs as a sole diagnosis, but may be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders, including motor neuron disease (CTE-MND). Although the incidence and prevalence of CTE are not known, CTE has been reported most frequently in American football players and boxers. Other sports associated with CTE include ice hockey, professional wrestling, soccer, rugby, and baseball.
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35
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Changes in cortical thickness across the lifespan in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2013; 214:204-11. [PMID: 24099630 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) may differ depending on age-of-onset. Our aim was to compare patients who differ in age-of-onset, while controlling for illness duration, and number of depressive episodes. By directly comparing early-(EOD) and late-onset (LOD) patients, we examined whether age-of-onset is associated with changes in the extent or spatial pattern of cortical thickness. Cross-sectional comparison of cortical thickness in EOD vs. LOD. Age-of-onset was determined based on self-report, with EOD defined as onset prior to age 25. Reduced cortical thickness in the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), pre- and postcentral gyrus, and the lingual gyrus were found in EOD compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). In linear regression models controlling for number of episodes, illness duration, severity, and sex, differences (at p<0.001) were found between EOD and LOD in the bilateral posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyri, right precuneus, lingual, and fusiform gyri, but not the DLPFC. EOD is associated with greater disturbances in cortical thickness than LOD, even when duration of illness and other factors are controlled. These results provide novel insights on how development of depression is differentiated by age.
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36
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Smith JM, Stouffer EM. Concord grape juice reverses the age-related impairment in latent learning in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 17:81-7. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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37
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Stouffer EM, Barry JL. A sex difference in the onset of the latent learning impairment in rats. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:1134-41. [PMID: 24122647 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined a sex difference in the onset of a latent learning impairment in Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats (20 male, 20 female) were tested on the Latent Cue Preference (LCP) task at 3 or 11 months of age. Additionally, 19 female rats were tested at 14 or 18 months of age. All rats were given four training trials in the LCP task using a three-compartment box, during which the rats explored a water-paired compartment and an unpaired compartment (each with a different visual cue) on consecutive days. Rats were then water-deprived for 23 hr and given a compartment preference test, in which more time spent in the water-paired compartment demonstrated latent learning. Results showed that 11-month old males and 18-month old females showed impaired latent learning, but 11- and 14-month old females showed intact latent learning, which may possibly be due to the neuroprotective effects of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Stouffer
- Department of Psychology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 400 E 2nd Street, Bloomsburg, PA, 17815.
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Korgaonkar MS, Antees C, Williams LM, Gatt JM, Bryant RA, Cohen R, Paul R, O'Hara R, Grieve SM. Early exposure to traumatic stressors impairs emotional brain circuitry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75524. [PMID: 24073270 PMCID: PMC3779182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early life trauma (ELT) is known to have a profound impact on mental development, leading to a higher risk for depression and anxiety. Our aim was to use multiple structural imaging methods to systematically investigate how traumatic stressors early in life impact the emotional brain circuits, typically found impaired with clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety, across the lifespan in an otherwise healthy cohort. MRI data and self-reported histories of ELT from 352 healthy individuals screened for no psychiatric disorders were analyzed in this study. The volume and cortical thickness of the limbic and cingulate regions were assessed for all participants. A large subset of the cohort also had diffusion tensor imaging data, which was used to quantify white matter structural integrity of these regions. We found a significantly smaller amygdala volume and cortical thickness in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex associated with higher ELT exposure only for the adolescence group. White matter integrity of these regions was not affected. These findings demonstrate that exposure to early life trauma is associated with alterations in the gray matter of cingulate-limbic regions during adolescence in an otherwise healthy sample. These findings are interesting in the context that the affected regions are central neuroanatomical components in the psychopathology of depression, and adolescence is a peak period for risk and onset of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School - Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia ; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Grieve SM, Korgaonkar MS, Koslow SH, Gordon E, Williams LM. Widespread reductions in gray matter volume in depression. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2013; 3:332-9. [PMID: 24273717 PMCID: PMC3814952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in functional limbic–anterior cingulate–prefrontal circuits associated with emotional reactivity, evaluation and regulation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, existing knowledge about structural alterations in depression is equivocal and based on cohorts of limited sample size. This study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based cortical thickness to investigate the structure of these circuits in a large and well-characterized patient cohort with MDD. Non-geriatric MDD outpatients (n = 102) and age- and gender-matched healthy control participants (n = 34) provided T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data during their baseline visit as part of the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment for Depression. Whole-brain VBM volumetric and surface-based cortical thickness assessments were performed voxel-wise and compared (at p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons) between the MDD and control groups. MDD participants had reduced gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, regions of the prefrontal circuits, including dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, and lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortices, but not in limbic regions. Additional reductions were observed cortically in the posterior temporal and parieto-occipital cortices and, subcortically in the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Focal cortical thinning in the medial orbitofrontal cortex was also observed for the MDD group. These alterations in volume and cortical thickness were not associated with severity of depressive symptoms. The findings demonstrate that widespread gray matter structural abnormalities are present in a well-powered study of patients with depression. The patterns of gray matter loss correspond to the same brain functional network regions that were previously established to be abnormal in MDD, which may support an underlying structural abnormality for these circuits. Focal gray matter volume decrease in depression exceeded loss via aging 11–50 years. Gray matter differences were found in regions with established roles in depression. Structural change findings support the idea of depression as a network abnormality. Hippocampal gray matter volume loss likely has no role in non-geriatric depression. Amygdala gray matter volume loss likely plays no role in depression pathophysiology.
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Key Words
- AAL, Automated Anatomical Labeling
- ACC, Anterior Cingulate Cortex
- BAs, Brodmann Areas
- CVNA, Change in Volume expected in that region through Normal Aging
- Cortical thickness
- DLPFC, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
- DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
- FDR, False Discovery Rate
- GM, Gray Matter
- Gray matter
- HRSD17, 17-Item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
- MDD, Major Depressive Disorder
- MPFC, Medial Prefrontal Cortex
- MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Major depressive disorder
- OFC, Orbitofrontal Cortex
- PFC, Prefrontal Cortex
- VBM
- VBM, Voxel-Based Morphometry
- Volume
- fMRI, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- iSPOT-D
- iSPOT-D, International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Grieve
- The Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Noble KG, Korgaonkar MS, Grieve SM, Brickman AM. Higher education is an age-independent predictor of white matter integrity and cognitive control in late adolescence. Dev Sci 2013; 16:653-64. [PMID: 24033571 PMCID: PMC3775010 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status is an important predictor of cognitive development and academic achievement. Late adolescence provides a unique opportunity to study how the attainment of socioeconomic status (in the form of years of education) relates to cognitive and neural development, during a time when age-related cognitive and neural development is ongoing. During late adolescence it is possible to disambiguate age- and education-related effects on the development of these processes. Here we assessed the degree to which higher educational attainment was related to performance on a cognitive control task, controlling for age. We then used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess the degree to which white matter microstructure might mediate this relationship. When covarying age, significant associations were found between educational attainment and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and cingulum bundle (CB). Further, when covarying age, FA in these regions was associated with cognitive control. Finally, mediation analyses revealed that the age-independent association between educational attainment and cognitive control was completely accounted for by FA in these regions. The uncinate fasciculus, a late-myelinated control region not implicated in cognitive control, did not mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, USA
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Grieve SM, Korgaonkar MS, Etkin A, Harris A, Koslow SH, Wisniewski S, Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB, Gordon E, Williams LM. Brain imaging predictors and the international study to predict optimized treatment for depression: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:224. [PMID: 23866851 PMCID: PMC3729660 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 50% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond optimally to antidepressant treatments. Given this is a large proportion of the patient population, pretreatment tests that predict which patients will respond to which types of treatment could save time, money and patient burden. Brain imaging offers a means to identify treatment predictors that are grounded in the neurobiology of the treatment and the pathophysiology of MDD. METHODS/DESIGN The international Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression is a multi-center, parallel model, randomized clinical trial with an embedded imaging sub-study to identify such predictors. We focus on brain circuits implicated in major depressive disorder and its treatment. In the full trial, depressed participants are randomized to receive escitalopram, sertraline or venlafaxine-XR (open-label). They are assessed using standardized multiple clinical, cognitive-emotional behavioral, electroencephalographic and genetic measures at baseline and at eight weeks post-treatment. Overall, 2,016 depressed participants (18 to 65 years old) will enter the study, of whom a target of 10% will be recruited into the brain imaging sub-study (approximately 67 participants in each treatment arm) and 67 controls. The imaging sub-study is conducted at the University of Sydney and at Stanford University. Structural studies include high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted, diffusion tensor and T2/Proton Density scans. Functional studies include standardized functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with three cognitive tasks (auditory oddball, a continuous performance task, and Go-NoGo) and two emotion tasks (unmasked conscious and masked non-conscious emotion processing tasks). After eight weeks of treatment, the functional MRI is repeated with the above tasks. We will establish the methods in the first 30 patients. Then we will identify predictors in the first half (n=102), test the findings in the second half, and then extend the analyses to the total sample. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment--in Depression (iSPOT-D). ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00693849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Grieve
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School - Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Brain Resource, Level 12, 235 Jones Street, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia and Suite 200, 1000 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School - Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Anthony Harris
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School - Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Stephen H Koslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- BRAINnet Foundation, 71 Stephenson Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Stephen Wisniewski
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Evian Gordon
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School - Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Brain Resource, Level 12, 235 Jones Street, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia and Suite 200, 1000 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School - Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Fonzo GA, Flagan TM, Sullivan S, Allard CB, Grimes EM, Simmons AN, Paulus MP, Stein MB. Neural functional and structural correlates of childhood maltreatment in women with intimate-partner violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2013; 211:93-103. [PMID: 23154098 PMCID: PMC3570713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a strong risk factor for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) upon adult exposure to extreme adverse events. However, the neural underpinnings of this relationship are not well understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that severity of CM history is positively correlated with emotion-processing limbic and prefrontal brain activation/connectivity and negatively correlated with prefrontal gray matter volumes in women with PTSD due to intimate-partner violence (IPV-PTSD). Thirty-three women with IPV-PTSD underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing a facial emotion processing task. Multivariate regressions examined the relationship of CM to patterns of activation, connectivity, and gray matter volumes. CM severity was: (a) positively correlated with ventral ACC activation while processing angry faces; (b) negatively correlated with dorsal ACC and insula activation while processing fear and angry faces, arising from positive correlations with the shape-matching baseline; (c) positively correlated with limbic-prefrontal connectivity while processing fear faces but negatively correlated with amygdalo-insular connectivity while processing fear and angry; and (d) negatively correlated with prefrontal gray matter volumes. These results suggest CM exposure may account for variability in limbic/prefrontal brain function and prefrontal structure in adulthood PTSD and offer one potential mechanism through which CM confers risk to future development of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Fonzo
- San Diego State University/University of California-San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA,Corresponding Author's Info: Greg Fonzo, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0855, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Tel: +1 858 246 0622; Fax: +1 858 534 6460; (G. A. Fonzo)
| | - Taru M. Flagan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn B. Allard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin M. Grimes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan N. Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA,Center of Excellence in Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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43
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Wang HLS, Yu R, Wu YT, Lee WY, Lin MF, Chen CY, Shen EY. The changes of cerebral morphology related to aging in Taiwanese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55241. [PMID: 23358658 PMCID: PMC3554665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study with the 3-dimensional (3D) MRI reconstruction technique was conducted to investigate cerebral complexity changes related to age differences in native Taiwanese population. In our sample of 85 participants aged between 25 and 81, age was associated with gradual ventricular expansion. A nonlinear quadratic relationship between white matter volume and age was found overall in the brain. Widespread age-related reduction in white matter was detected from late adulthood onwards. However, no significant age-related changes in the cortex and whole brain volume were determined throughout adulthood. These findings provided information in describing brain structural complexity, which might in the future serve as an objective diagnostic index or as a predictive parameter for neurological diseases. Our method then may be used for cross-cultural longitudinal studies to evaluate the effect of disease, environment and aging on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongjun Yu
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tzu Wu
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Yuan Lee
- China Medical University Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ein-Yiao Shen
- China Medical University Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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44
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Noble KG, Grieve SM, Korgaonkar MS, Engelhardt LE, Griffith EY, Williams LM, Brickman AM. Hippocampal volume varies with educational attainment across the life-span. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:307. [PMID: 23162453 PMCID: PMC3494123 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic disparities—and particularly differences in educational attainment—are associated with remarkable differences in cognition and behavior across the life-span. Decreased educational attainment has been linked to increased exposure to life stressors, which in turn have been associated with structural differences in the hippocampus and the amygdala. However, the degree to which educational attainment is directly associated with anatomical differences in these structures remains unclear. Recent studies in children have found socioeconomic differences in regional brain volume in the hippocampus and amygdala across childhood and adolescence. Here we expand on this work, by investigating whether disparities in hippocampal and amygdala volume persist across the life-span. In a sample of 275 individuals from the BRAINnet Foundation database ranging in age from 17 to 87, we found that socioeconomic status (SES), as operationalized by years of educational attainment, moderates the effect of age on hippocampal volume. Specifically, hippocampal volume tended to markedly decrease with age among less educated individuals, whereas age-related reductions in hippocampal volume were less pronounced among more highly educated individuals. No such effects were found for amygdala volume. Possible mechanisms by which education may buffer age-related effects on hippocampal volume are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY, USA ; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
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45
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Mapping inter-regional connectivity of the entire cortex to characterize major depressive disorder: a whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging tractography study. Neuroreport 2012; 23:566-71. [PMID: 22562047 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283546264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to study the organization of brain white matter noninvasively. The aim of this study was to present a proof of concept for integrating DTI with high-resolution anatomical (T1) images to map and assess inter-regional connectivity across the entire cortex in a cohort of healthy participants and compared with patients with major depressive disorder. We used MRI data of 23 patients and 23 matched controls, assessed as part of baseline testing in the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D). Freesurfer was used to analyze the T1 images to automatically label 35 gyral-based areas for each hemisphere. DTI tractography was performed to parcellate intercortical tracts using each of these areas in seed-target combinations. We quantified fractional anisotropy, number-of-fiber connections, and fiber path length for each DTI connection, with the goal of identifying the best measure or combination of measures to characterize major depression. The best classification accuracy for the individual measures was achieved using the number-of-fibers data, whereas the combination model provided a slight improvement. The most discriminant features between the two groups were for white matter associated with the limbic, frontal, and thalamic projection fibers and as part of cortical connections between the left inferior temporal and the postcentral cortex; the left parstriangularis and the left superior frontal; the left cuneus and the corpus callosum; the left lingual and the right lateral occipital, the right superior parietal and the right superior temporal cortices; and the right inferior parietal and the right insula and postcentral cortices.
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46
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The TWIN-E project in emotional wellbeing: study protocol and preliminary heritability results across four MRI and DTI measures. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 15:419-41. [PMID: 22856376 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant advancements being made in the neurogenetics for mental health, the identification and validation of potential endophenotype markers of risk and resilience remain to be confirmed. The TWIN-E study (The Twin study in Wellbeing using Integrative Neuroscience of Emotion) aims to validate endophenotype markers of mental health across cognitive, brain, and autonomic measures by testing the heritability, clinical plausibility, and reliability of each of these measures in a large adult twin cohort. The specific gene and environmental mechanisms that moderate prospective links between endophenotype-phenotype markers and the final outcome of wellbeing will also be identified. TWIN-E is a national prospective study with three phases: I) baseline testing on a battery of online questionnaires and cognitive tasks, and EEG, MRI, and autonomic testing; II) 12-month follow-up testing on the online assessments; and III) randomized controlled trial of brain training. Minimum target numbers include 1,500 male/female twins (18-65 years) for the online assessments (Phase I and II), 300 twins for the EEG testing component, and 244 twins for the MRI testing component. For Phase III, each twin out of the pair will be randomized to either the treatment or waitlist control group to test the effects of brain training on mental health over a 30-day period, and to confirm the gene-environment and endophenotype contributions to treatment response. Preliminary heritability results are provided for the first 50% of the MRI subgroup (n = 142) for the grey matter volume, thickness, and surface area measures, and white matter diffuse tensor imaging fractional anisotropy.
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47
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Herron TJ, Kang X, Woods DL. Automated measurement of the human corpus callosum using MRI. Front Neuroinform 2012; 6:25. [PMID: 22988433 PMCID: PMC3439830 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum includes the majority of fibers that connect the two cortical hemispheres. Studies of cross-sectional callosal morphometry and area have revealed developmental, gender, and hemispheric differences in healthy populations and callosal deficits associated with neurodegenerative disease and brain injury. However, accurate quantification of the callosum using magnetic resonance imaging is complicated by intersubject variability in callosal size, shape, and location and often requires manual outlining of the callosum in order to achieve adequate performance. Here we describe an objective, fully automated protocol that utilizes voxel-based images to quantify the area and thickness both of the entire callosum and of different callosal compartments. We verify the method's accuracy, reliability, robustness, and multisite consistency and make comparisons with manual measurements using public brain-image databases. An analysis of age-related changes in the callosum showed increases in length and reductions in thickness and area with age. A comparison of older subjects with and without mild dementia revealed that reductions in anterior callosal area independently predicted poorer cognitive performance after factoring out Mini-Mental Status Examination scores and normalized whole brain volume. Open-source software implementing the algorithm is available at www.nitrc.org/projects/c8c8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Herron
- Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Research Service, US Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System Martinez, CA, USA
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48
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García-Amado M, Prensa L. Stereological analysis of neuron, glial and endothelial cell numbers in the human amygdaloid complex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38692. [PMID: 22719923 PMCID: PMC3374818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell number alterations in the amygdaloid complex (AC) might coincide with neurological and psychiatric pathologies with anxiety imbalances as well as with changes in brain functionality during aging. This stereological study focused on estimating, in samples from 7 control individuals aged 20 to 75 years old, the number and density of neurons, glia and endothelial cells in the entire AC and in its 5 nuclear groups (including the basolateral (BL), corticomedial and central groups), 5 nuclei and 13 nuclear subdivisions. The volume and total cell number in these territories were determined on Nissl-stained sections with the Cavalieri principle and the optical fractionator. The AC mean volume was 956 mm3 and mean cell numbers (x106) were: 15.3 neurons, 60 glial cells and 16.8 endothelial cells. The numbers of endothelial cells and neurons were similar in each AC region and were one fourth the number of glial cells. Analysis of the influence of the individuals’ age at death on volume, cell number and density in each of these 24 AC regions suggested that aging does not affect regional size or the amount of glial cells, but that neuron and endothelial cell numbers respectively tended to decrease and increase in territories such as AC or BL. These accurate stereological measures of volume and total cell numbers and densities in the AC of control individuals could serve as appropriate reference values to evaluate subtle alterations in this structure in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Amado
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Prensa
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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49
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Kang X, Herron TJ, Turken AU, Woods DL. Diffusion properties of cortical and pericortical tissue: regional variations, reliability and methodological issues. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30:1111-22. [PMID: 22698767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the diffusion properties of cortical tissue is complicated by intersubject variability in the relative locations of gyri and sulci. Here we extend methods of measuring the average diffusion properties of gyral and sulcal structures after they have been aligned to a common template of cortical surface anatomy. Diffusion tensor image (DTI) data were gathered from 82 young subjects and co-registered with high-resolution T1 images that had been inflated and co-registered to a hemispherically unified spherical coordinate system based on FreeSurfer. We analyzed fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and the novel quantity of cortical primary diffusion direction (cPDD) at five surfaces parallel to the white/gray junction, spanning approximately 5 mm from the pial surface into white matter. FA increased with increasing depth, whereas MD and cPDD were reduced. There were highly significant and reliable regional differences in FA, MD and cPDD as well as systematic differences between cortical lobes and between the two hemispheres. The influence of nearby cortical spinal fluid (CSF), local cortical curvature and thickness, and sulcal depth was also investigated. We found that FA correlated significantly with cortical curvature and sulcal depth, while MD was strongly influenced by nearby CSF. The measurement of FA, MD and cPDD near the cortical surface clarifies the organization of fiber projections to and from the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Kang
- UC Davis, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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50
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Willoughby KA, Desrocher M, Levine B, Rovet JF. Episodic and Semantic Autobiographical Memory and Everyday Memory during Late Childhood and Early Adolescence. Front Psychol 2012; 3:53. [PMID: 22403560 PMCID: PMC3289112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined both episodic and semantic autobiographical memory (AM) performance during late childhood and early adolescence. Using the newly developed Children’s Autobiographical Interview (CAI), the present study examined the effects of age and sex on episodic and semantic AM and everyday memory in 182 children and adolescents. Results indicated that episodic and semantic AM both improved between 8 and 16 years of age; however, age-related changes were larger for episodic AM than for semantic AM. In addition, females were found to recall more episodic AM details, but not more semantic AM details, than males. Importantly, this sex difference in episodic AM recall was attenuated under conditions of high retrieval support (i.e., the use of probing questions). The ability to clearly visualize past events at the time of recollection was related to children’s episodic AM recall performance, particularly the retrieval of perceptual details. Finally, similar age and sex effects were found between episodic AM and everyday memory ability (e.g., memory for everyday activities). More specifically, older participants and females exhibited better episodic AM and everyday memory performance than younger participants and males. Overall, the present study provides important new insight into both episodic and semantic AM performance, as well as the relation between episodic AM and everyday memory, during late childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Willoughby
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada
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