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Rubin M, Pagani E, Preziosa P, Meani A, Storelli L, Margoni M, Filippi M, Rocca MA. Cerebrospinal Fluid-In Gradient of Cortical and Deep Gray Matter Damage in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200271. [PMID: 38896808 PMCID: PMC11197989 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A CSF-in gradient in cortical and thalamic gray matter (GM) damage has been found in multiple sclerosis (MS). We concomitantly explored the patterns of cortical, thalamic, and caudate microstructural abnormalities at progressive distances from CSF using a multiparametric MRI approach. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, from 3T 3D T1-weighted scans, we sampled cortical layers at 25%-50%-75% depths from pial surface and thalamic and caudate bands at 2-3-4 voxels from the ventricular-GM interface. Using linear mixed models, we tested between-group comparisons of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and R2* layer-specific z-scores, CSF-in across-layer z-score changes, and their correlations with clinical (disease duration and disability) and structural (focal lesions, brain, and choroid plexus volume) MRI measures. RESULTS We enrolled 52 patients with MS (33 relapsing-remitting [RRMS], 19 progressive [PMS], mean age: 46.4 years, median disease duration: 15.1 years, median: EDSS 2.0) and 70 controls (mean age 41.5 ± 12.8). Compared with controls, RRMS showed lower MTR values in the outer and middle cortical layers (false-discovery rate [FDR]-p ≤ 0.025) and lower R2* values in all 3 cortical layers (FDR-p ≤ 0.016). PMS had lower MTR values in the outer and middle cortical (FDR-p ≤ 0.016) and thalamic (FDR-p ≤ 0.048) layers, and in the outer caudate layer (FDR-p = 0.024). They showed lower R2* values in the outer cortical layer (FDR-p = 0.003) and in the outer thalamic layer (FDR-p = 0.046) and higher R2* values in all 3 caudate layers (FDR-p ≤ 0.031). Both RRMS and PMS had a gradient of damage, with lower values closer to the CSF, for cortical (FDR-p ≤ 0.002) and thalamic (FDR-p ≤ 0.042) MTR. PMS showed a gradient of damage for cortical R2* (FDR-p = 0.005), thalamic R2* (FDR-p = 0.004), and caudate MTR (FDR-p ≤ 0.013). Lower MTR and R2* of outer cortical, thalamic, and caudate layers and steeper gradient of damage toward the CSF were significantly associated with older age, higher T2-hyperintense white matter lesion volume, higher thalamic lesion volume, and lower brain volume (β ≥ 0.08, all FDR-p ≤ 0.040). Lower MTR of outer caudate layer was associated with more severe disability (β = -0.26, FDR-p = 0.040). No correlations with choroid plexus volume were found. DISCUSSION CSF-in damage gradients are heterogeneous among different GM regions and through MS course, possibly reflecting different dynamics of demyelination and iron loss/accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rubin
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Meani
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Storelli
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Margoni
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A Rocca
- From the Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.R., E.P., P.P., A.M., L.S., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), Division of Neuroscience; Neurology Unit (M.R., P.P., M.M., M.F., M.A.R.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.R., P.P., M.F., M.A.R.); Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.M., M.F.); and Neurophysiology Service (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Jansen MG, Zwiers MP, Marques JP, Chan KS, Amelink JS, Altgassen M, Oosterman JM, Norris DG. The Advanced BRain Imaging on ageing and Memory (ABRIM) data collection: Study design, data processing, and rationale. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306006. [PMID: 38905233 PMCID: PMC11192316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To understand the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie heterogeneity in cognitive ageing, recent scientific efforts have led to a growing public availability of imaging cohort data. The Advanced BRain Imaging on ageing and Memory (ABRIM) project aims to add to these existing datasets by taking an adult lifespan approach to provide a cross-sectional, normative database with a particular focus on connectivity, myelinization and iron content of the brain in concurrence with cognitive functioning, mechanisms of reserve, and sleep-wake rhythms. ABRIM freely shares MRI and behavioural data from 295 participants between 18-80 years, stratified by age decade and sex (median age 52, IQR 36-66, 53.20% females). The ABRIM MRI collection consists of both the raw and pre-processed structural and functional MRI data to facilitate data usage among both expert and non-expert users. The ABRIM behavioural collection includes measures of cognitive functioning (i.e., global cognition, processing speed, executive functions, and memory), proxy measures of cognitive reserve (e.g., educational attainment, verbal intelligence, and occupational complexity), and various self-reported questionnaires (e.g., on depressive symptoms, pain, and the use of memory strategies in daily life and during a memory task). In a sub-sample (n = 120), we recorded sleep-wake rhythms using an actigraphy device (Actiwatch 2, Philips Respironics) for a period of 7 consecutive days. Here, we provide an in-depth description of our study protocol, pre-processing pipelines, and data availability. ABRIM provides a cross-sectional database on healthy participants throughout the adult lifespan, including numerous parameters relevant to improve our understanding of cognitive ageing. Therefore, ABRIM enables researchers to model the advanced imaging parameters and cognitive topologies as a function of age, identify the normal range of values of such parameters, and to further investigate the diverse mechanisms of reserve and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G. Jansen
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jose P. Marques
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kwok-Shing Chan
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jitse S. Amelink
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joukje M. Oosterman
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David G. Norris
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Mugnai M, Auriemma E, Contiero B, Franchini D, Zini E, Tirrito F. Effect of gadolinium contrast medium administration on susceptibility-weighted imaging of the canine brain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024. [PMID: 38881498 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a gradient echo (GE) MRI sequence. Intravenous administration of gadolinium (Gd) may affect GE images, but its effect on SWI has not been investigated in veterinary medicine. This cross-sectional prospective study evaluated the effects of Gd on SWI. Seventy-one dogs that underwent brain MRI were included and distributed in two groups. Susceptibility-weighted imaging was performed pre- and postcontrast, obtained immediately after Gd administration (Group A: n = 35) or delayed (Group B: n = 36; median delay 19.9 min). Pre- and post-Gd SWI were analyzed for signal intensity changes in the lentiform nuclei of gray matter (GM), in the centrum semiovale of white matter (WM), and in brain lesions. No difference in GM signal intensity was identified in either group between pre- and postcontrast images (Group A, P = .395; Group B, P = .895). In group A, WM signal intensity was lower in pre- than post-Gd sequences (P = .019). Brain lesions were identified in 30/71 (41%) cases; the signal intensity of intracranial lesions was significantly lower in pre- than post-Gd images in both groups (P < .001); the number of lesions influenced the difference in signal intensity in group B (P = .043). Susceptibility artifacts did not change in appearance between pre- and postcontrast images in either the normal brain or in parenchymal lesions. In conclusion, Gd may modify the signal intensity of WM and brain lesions but does not affect the susceptibility artifacts and does not interfere with SWI interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mugnai
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Auriemma
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Delia Franchini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Tirrito
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e Porporato, Torino, Italy
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Taleb S, Varela-Mattatall G, Allen A, Haast R, Khan AR, Kalia V, Howard JL, MacDonald SJ, Menon RS, Lanting BA, Teeter MG. Assessing brain integrity in patients with long-term and well-functioning metal-based hip implants. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1292-1302. [PMID: 38235918 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Production of metal debris from implant wear and corrosion processes is now a well understood occurrence following hip arthroplasty. Evidence has shown that metal ions can enter the bloodstream and travel to distant organs including the brain, and in extreme cases, can induce sensorial and neurological diseases. Our objective was tosimultaneously analyze brain anatomy and physiology in patients with long-term and well-functioning implants. Included were subjects who had received total hip or hip resurfacing arthroplastywith an implantation time of a minimum of 7 years (n = 28) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 32). Blood samples were obtained to measure ion concentrations of cobalt and chromium, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was performed. 3T MRI brain scans were completed with an MPRAGE sequence for ROI segmentation and multiecho gradient echo sequences to generate QSM and R2* maps. Mean QSM and R2* values were recorded for five deep brain and four middle and cortical brain structures on both hemispheres: pallidum, putamen, caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, inferior temporal, and cerebellum. No differences in QSM or R2* or cognition scores were found between both groups (p > 0.6654). No correlation was found between susceptibility and blood ion levels for cobalt or chromium in any region of the brain. No correlation was found between blood ion levels and cognition scores. Clinical significance: Results suggest that metal ions released by long-term and well-functioning implants do not affect brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Taleb
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriel Varela-Mattatall
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abbigail Allen
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy Haast
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vishal Kalia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Howard
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J MacDonald
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent A Lanting
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew G Teeter
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Oz S, Saar G, Olszakier S, Heinrich R, Kompanets MO, Berlin S. Revealing the MRI-Contrast in Optically Cleared Brains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400316. [PMID: 38647385 PMCID: PMC11165557 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The current consensus holds that optically-cleared specimens are unsuitable for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); exhibiting absence of contrast. Prior studies combined MRI with tissue-clearing techniques relying on the latter's ability to eliminate lipids, thereby fostering the assumption that lipids constitute the primary source of ex vivo MRI-contrast. Nevertheless, these findings contradict an extensive body of literature that underscores the contribution of other features to contrast. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether non-delipidating clearing methods can produce MRI-compatible specimens or whether MRI-contrast can be re-established. These limitations hinder the development of multimodal MRI-light-microscopy (LM) imaging approaches. This study assesses the relation between MRI-contrast, and delipidation in optically-cleared whole brains following different tissue-clearing approaches. It is demonstrated that uDISCO and ECi-brains are MRI-compatible upon tissue rehydration, despite both methods' substantial delipidating-nature. It is also demonstrated that, whereas Scale-clearing preserves most lipids, Scale-cleared brain lack MRI-contrast. Furthermore, MRI-contrast is restored to lipid-free CLARITY-brains without introducing lipids. Our results thereby dissociate between the essentiality of lipids to MRI-contrast. A tight association is found between tissue expansion, hyperhydration and loss of MRI-contrast. These findings then enabled us to develop a multimodal MRI-LM-imaging approach, opening new avenues to bridge between the micro- and mesoscale for biomedical research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Oz
- Department of NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3525433Israel
| | - Galit Saar
- Biomedical Core FacilityFaculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3525433Israel
| | - Shunit Olszakier
- Department of NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3525433Israel
| | - Ronit Heinrich
- Department of NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3525433Israel
| | - Mykhail O. Kompanets
- L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physico‐Organic Chemistry and Coal ChemistryNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Shai Berlin
- Department of NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3525433Israel
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Guan X, Lancione M, Ayton S, Dusek P, Langkammer C, Zhang M. Neuroimaging of Parkinson's disease by quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2024; 289:120547. [PMID: 38373677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and apart from a few rare genetic causes, its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Recent scientific interest has been captured by the involvement of iron biochemistry and the disruption of iron homeostasis, particularly within the brain regions specifically affected in PD. The advent of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has enabled non-invasive quantification of brain iron in vivo by MRI, which has contributed to the understanding of iron-associated pathogenesis and has the potential for the development of iron-based biomarkers in PD. This review elucidates the biochemical underpinnings of brain iron accumulation, details advancements in iron-sensitive MRI technologies, and discusses the role of QSM as a biomarker of iron deposition in PD. Despite considerable progress, several challenges impede its clinical application after a decade of QSM studies. The initiation of multi-site research is warranted for developing robust, interpretable, and disease-specific biomarkers for monitoring PD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Joint Laboratory of Clinical Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
| | - Marta Lancione
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Scott Ayton
- Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia; Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Prague 8036, Czechia
| | | | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Joint Laboratory of Clinical Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China.
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Ji L, Yoon YB, Hendrix CL, Kennelly EC, Majbri A, Bhatia T, Taylor A, Thomason ME. Developmental coupling of brain iron and intrinsic activity in infants during the first 150 days. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101326. [PMID: 37979299 PMCID: PMC10692666 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain iron is vital for core neurodevelopmental processes including myelination and neurotransmitter synthesis and, accordingly, iron accumulates in the brain with age. However, little is known about the association between brain iron and neural functioning and how they evolve with age in early infancy. This study investigated brain iron in 48 healthy infants (22 females) aged 64.00 ± 33.28 days by estimating R2 * relaxometry from multi-echo functional MRI (fMRI). Linked independent component analysis was performed to examine the association between iron deposition and spontaneous neural activity, as measured by the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) by interrogating shared component loadings across modalities. Further, findings were validated in an independent dataset (n = 45, 24 females, 77.93 ± 26.18 days). The analysis revealed developmental coupling between the global R2 * and ALFF within the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, we observed that this coupling effect significantly increased with age (r = 0.78, p = 9.2e-11). Our results highlight the importance of iron-neural coupling during early development and suggest that the neural maturation of the DMN may correspond to growth in distributed brain iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Ji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Youngwoo Bryan Yoon
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra L Hendrix
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amyn Majbri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanya Bhatia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Wiggermann V, Endmayr V, Hernández‐Torres E, Höftberger R, Kasprian G, Hametner S, Rauscher A. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging reflects different levels of histologically determined myelin densities in multiple sclerosis, including remyelination in inactive multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13150. [PMID: 36720269 PMCID: PMC10580011 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of focal or diffuse myelin damage or remyelination may provide important insights into disease progression and potential treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed post-mortem MRI and histopathological myelin measurements in seven progressive MS cases to evaluate the ability of three myelin-sensitive MRI scans to distinguish different stages of MS pathology, particularly chronic demyelinated and remyelinated lesions. At 3 Tesla, we acquired two different myelin water imaging (MWI) scans and magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) data. Histopathology included histochemical stainings for myelin phospholipids (LFB) and iron as well as immunohistochemistry for myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), CD68 (phagocytosing microglia/macrophages) and BCAS1 (remyelinating oligodendrocytes). Mixed-effects modelling determined which histopathological metric best predicted MWF and MTR in normal-appearing and diffusely abnormal white matter, active/inactive, inactive, remyelinated and ischemic lesions. Both MWI measures correlated well with each other and histology across regions, reflecting the different stages of MS pathology. MTR data showed a considerable influence of components other than myelin and a strong dependency on tissue storage duration. Both MRI and histology revealed increased myelin densities in inactive compared with active/inactive lesions. Chronic inactive lesions harboured single scattered myelin fibres indicative of low-level remyelination. Mixed-effects modelling showed that smaller differences between white matter areas were linked to PLP densities and only to a small extent confounded by iron. MWI reflects differences in myelin lipids and proteins across various levels of myelin densities encountered in MS, including low-level remyelination in chronic inactive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wiggermann
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCopenhagen University Hospital Amager & HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Verena Endmayr
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Centre for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Enedino Hernández‐Torres
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCopenhagen University Hospital Amager & HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
- Faculty of Medicine (Division Neurology)University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Simon Hametner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Centre for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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9
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Lee S, Shin HG, Kim M, Lee J. Depth-wise profiles of iron and myelin in the cortex and white matter using χ-separation: A preliminary study. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120058. [PMID: 36997135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The in-vivo profiling of iron and myelin across cortical depths and underlying white matter has important implications for advancing knowledge about their roles in brain development and degeneration. Here, we utilize χ-separation, a recently-proposed advanced susceptibility mapping that creates positive (χpos) and negative (χneg) susceptibility maps, to generate the depth-wise profiles of χpos and χneg as surrogate biomarkers for iron and myelin, respectively. Two regional sulcal fundi of precentral and middle frontal areas are profiled and compared with findings from previous studies. The results show that the χpos profiles peak at superificial white matter (SWM), which is an area beneath cortical gray matter known to have the highest accumulation of iron within the cortex and white matter. On the other hand, the χneg profiles increase in SWM toward deeper white matter. These characteristics in the two profiles are in agreement with histological findings of iron and myelin. Furthermore, the χneg profiles report regional differences that agree with well-known distributions of myelin concentration. When the two profiles are compared with those of QSM and R2*, different shapes and peak locations are observed. This preliminary study offers an insight into one of the possible applications of χ-separation for exploring microstructural information of the human brain, as well as clinical applications in monitoring changes of iron and myelin in related diseases.
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10
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Bazala R, Zoppellaro G, Kletetschka G. Iron Level Changes in the Brain with Neurodegenerative Disease. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2023.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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11
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Wu J, Peng S, Zhang Y, Pan B, Chen H, Hu X, Gong NJ. Developmental trajectory of magnetic susceptibility in the healthy rhesus macaque brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4750. [PMID: 35474524 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is used to quantify iron deposition in non-human primates in our study. Although QSM has many applications in detecting iron deposits in the human brain, including the distribution of iron deposits in specific brain regions, the change of iron deposition with aging, and the comparison of iron deposits between diseased groups and healthy controls, few studies have applied QSM to non-human primates, while most animal brain experiments focus on biochemical and anatomical results instead of non-invasive experiments. Additionally, brain imaging in children's research is difficult, but can be substituted using young rhesus monkeys, which are very similar to humans, as research animals. Therefore, understanding the relationship between iron deposition and age in rhesus macaques' brains can offer insights into both the developmental trajectory of magnetic susceptibility in the animal model and the correlated evidence in children's research. Twenty-three healthy rhesus macaque monkeys (23 ± 7.85 years, range 2-29 years) were included in this research. Seven regions of interest (ROIs-globus pallidus, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, red nucleus) have been analyzed in terms of QSM and R2 * (apparent relaxation rate). Susceptibility in most ROIs correlated significantly with the growth of age, similarly to the results for R2 *, but showed different trends in the thalamus and red nucleus, which may be caused by the different sensitivities of myelination and iron deposition in R2 * and QSM analysis. By assessing the correlation between iron content and age in healthy rhesus macaques' brains using QSM, we provide a piece of pilot information on normality for advanced animal disease models. Meanwhile, this study also could serve as the normative basis for further clinical studies using QSM for iron content quantification. Due to the comparison of the susceptibility on the same experimental objects, this research can also provide practical support for future research on characteristics for QSM and R2 *.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Siyue Peng
- RadioDynamic Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Boyang Pan
- RadioDynamic Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghua Chen
- RadioDynamic Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintian Hu
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Jie Gong
- Vector Lab for Intelligent Medical Imaging and Neural Engineering, International Innovation Center of Tsinghua University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Uchida Y, Kan H, Sakurai K, Oishi K, Matsukawa N. Quantitative susceptibility mapping as an imaging biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease: The expectations and limitations. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:938092. [PMID: 35992906 PMCID: PMC9389285 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.938092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a distressing diagnosis for individuals and caregivers. Researchers and clinical trials have mainly focused on β-amyloid plaques, which are hypothesized to be one of the most important factors for neurodegeneration in AD. Meanwhile, recent clinicopathological and radiological studies have shown closer associations of tau pathology rather than β-amyloid pathology with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s symptoms. Toward a biological definition of biomarker-based research framework for AD, the 2018 National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association working group has updated the ATN classification system for stratifying disease status in accordance with relevant pathological biomarker profiles, such as cerebral β-amyloid deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neurodegeneration. In addition, altered iron metabolism has been considered to interact with abnormal proteins related to AD pathology thorough generating oxidative stress, as some prior histochemical and histopathological studies supported this iron-mediated pathomechanism. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has recently become more popular as a non-invasive magnetic resonance technique to quantify local tissue susceptibility with high spatial resolution, which is sensitive to the presence of iron. The association of cerebral susceptibility values with other pathological biomarkers for AD has been investigated using various QSM techniques; however, direct evidence of these associations remains elusive. In this review, we first briefly describe the principles of QSM. Second, we focus on a large variety of QSM applications, ranging from common applications, such as cerebral iron deposition, to more recent applications, such as the assessment of impaired myelination, quantification of venous oxygen saturation, and measurement of blood– brain barrier function in clinical settings for AD. Third, we mention the relationships among QSM, established biomarkers, and cognitive performance in AD. Finally, we discuss the role of QSM as an imaging biomarker as well as the expectations and limitations of clinically useful diagnostic and therapeutic implications for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Uchida
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuto Uchida,
| | - Hirohito Kan
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Sakurai
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Noriyuki Matsukawa,
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13
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Harada T, Kudo K, Fujima N, Yoshikawa M, Ikebe Y, Sato R, Shirai T, Bito Y, Uwano I, Miyata M. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Basic Methods and Clinical Applications. Radiographics 2022; 42:1161-1176. [PMID: 35522577 DOI: 10.1148/rg.210054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), one of the advanced MRI techniques for evaluating magnetic susceptibility, offers precise quantitative measurements of spatial distributions of magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic susceptibility describes the magnetizability of a material to an applied magnetic field and is a substance-specific value. Recently, QSM has been widely used to estimate various levels of substances in the brain, including iron, hemosiderin, and deoxyhemoglobin (paramagnetism), as well as calcification (diamagnetism). By visualizing iron distribution in the brain, it is possible to identify anatomic structures that are not evident on conventional images and to evaluate various neurodegenerative diseases. It has been challenging to apply QSM in areas outside the brain because of motion artifacts from respiration and heartbeats, as well as the presence of fat, which has a different frequency to the proton. In this review, the authors provide a brief overview of the theoretical background and analyze methods of converting MRI phase images to QSM. Moreover, we provide an overview of the current clinical applications of QSM. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Harada
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Kohsuke Kudo
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Noriyuki Fujima
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Masato Yoshikawa
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Yohei Ikebe
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Ryota Sato
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Toru Shirai
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Yoshitaka Bito
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Ikuko Uwano
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Mari Miyata
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., M.Y.); Center for Cause of Death Investigation (T.H.) and Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (K.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.H., K.K., N.F., M.Y., Y.I.); Innovative Technology Laboratory, Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (R.S., T.S.); Fujifilm Healthcare Corporation, Chiba, Japan (Y.B.); Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan (I.U.); and Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (M.M.)
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14
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Cho J, Nguyen TD, Huang W, Sweeney EM, Luo X, Kovanlikaya I, Zhang S, Gillen KM, Spincemaille P, Gupta A, Gauthier SA, Wang Y. Brain oxygen extraction fraction mapping in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:338-348. [PMID: 34558996 PMCID: PMC9122515 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211048031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of whole brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping for measuring lesion specific and regional OEF abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In 22 MS patients and 11 healthy controls (HC), OEF and neural tissue susceptibility (χn) maps were computed from MRI multi-echo gradient echo data. In MS patients, 80 chronic active lesions with hyperintense rim on quantitative susceptibility mapping were identified, and the mean OEF and χn within the rim and core were compared using linear mixed-effect model analysis. The rim showed higher OEF and χn than the core: relative to their adjacent normal appearing white matter, OEF contrast = -6.6 ± 7.0% vs. -9.8 ± 7.8% (p < 0.001) and χn contrast = 33.9 ± 20.3 ppb vs. 25.7 ± 20.5 ppb (p = 0.017). Between MS and HC, OEF and χn were compared using a linear regression model in subject-based regions of interest. In the whole brain, compared to HC, MS had lower OEF, 30.4 ± 3.3% vs. 21.4 ± 4.4% (p < 0.001), and higher χn, -23.7 ± 7.0 ppb vs. -11.3 ± 7.7 ppb (p = 0.018). Our feasibility study suggests that OEF may serve as a useful quantitative marker of tissue oxygen utilization in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Sweeney
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianfu Luo
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly M Gillen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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15
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A proposal: How to study pro-myelinating proteins in MS. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:102924. [PMID: 34416371 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the CNS. An unmet need in MS is repair i.e.,promoting endogenous regeneration and remyelination after demyelinating inflammatory injury. Remyelination is critical in neuronal preservation and the prevention of clinical progression. There is a good deal of evidence for histological repair and remyelination in MS patients. Repair is driven by several prominent endogenous pro-myelinating proteinsincluding neural cellular adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among others. To follow changes during acute re-myelination in vivo in MS subjects, non conventional MRI techniques are necessary such as quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) that detects the release of Fe from dying oligodendroglial cells and myelin water imaging (MWI) that detects water captured within newly formed myelin. The best time to monitor changes in pro-myelinating proteins and link those changes to imaging evolution is immediately after the acute inflammatory response in MS lesions (gadolinium enhancement [Gd+]) during an intense period of remyelination. We can monitor MS subjects with new Gd + lesions with periodic imaging along with sampling of blood and CSF and determine if myelin formation is linked with increases in pro-myelinating proteins. This would lead to potential therapeutic manipulation with directly administered proteins to promote CNS re-myelination in animal models and in early clinical trials.
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16
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Biel D, Steiger TK, Bunzeck N. Age-related iron accumulation and demyelination in the basal ganglia are closely related to verbal memory and executive functioning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9438. [PMID: 33941809 PMCID: PMC8093241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline has been linked to alterations of the dopaminergic system and its subcortical trajectories. Recent work suggests a critical role of iron accumulation within the basal ganglia (BG) in verbal memory performance, and increased iron levels have been related to demyelination. However, the specificity of age-related iron increases with respect to cognitive functions remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the interplay of age, cognitive performance, and structural integrity of the BG. In total, 79 healthy older participants underwent a broad cognitive assessment (fluid and crystallized intelligence, verbal and numeric memory, processing speed, executive functions) and structural MRI. As expected, performance in most cognitive tests had a negative relationship with age. Moreover, BG grey matter volume and magnetization transfer (MT, indicative of myelin) decreased, and R2* (indicative of iron) increased with age. Importantly, R2* and demyelination negatively correlated with verbal memory and executive functions. Within the SN/VTA, age correlated negatively with MT, but there was no clear evidence in favor of a relationship between behavior and R2* or MT. Our results suggest that age-related increases in iron and demyelination within the BG, which are part of a fronto-striatal network, not only impact on verbal memory but also executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Biel
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tineke K. Steiger
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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17
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Pietrosanu M, Zhang L, Seres P, Elkady A, Wilman AH, Kong L, Cobzas D. Stable Anatomy Detection in Multimodal Imaging Through Sparse Group Regularization: A Comparative Study of Iron Accumulation in the Aging Brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:641616. [PMID: 33708081 PMCID: PMC7940836 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.641616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal neuroimaging provides a rich source of data for identifying brain regions associated with disease progression and aging. However, present studies still typically analyze modalities separately or aggregate voxel-wise measurements and analyses to the structural level, thus reducing statistical power. As a central example, previous works have used two quantitative MRI parameters-R2* and quantitative susceptibility (QS)-to study changes in iron associated with aging in healthy and multiple sclerosis subjects, but failed to simultaneously account for both. In this article, we propose a unified framework that combines information from multiple imaging modalities and regularizes estimates for increased interpretability, generalizability, and stability. Our work focuses on joint region detection problems where overlap between effect supports across modalities is encouraged but not strictly enforced. To achieve this, we combine L 1 (lasso), total variation (TV), and L 2 group lasso penalties. While the TV penalty encourages geometric regularization by controlling estimate variability and support boundary geometry, the group lasso penalty accounts for similarities in the support between imaging modalities. We address the computational difficulty in this regularization scheme with an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) optimizer. In a neuroimaging application, we compare our method against independent sparse and joint sparse models using a dataset of R2* and QS maps derived from MRI scans of 113 healthy controls: our method produces clinically-interpretable regions where specific iron changes are associated with healthy aging. Together with results across multiple simulation studies, we conclude that our approach identifies regions that are more strongly associated with the variable of interest (e.g., age), more accurate, and more stable with respect to training data variability. This work makes progress toward a stable and interpretable multimodal imaging analysis framework for studying disease-related changes in brain structure and can be extended for classification and disease prediction tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pietrosanu
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ahmed Elkady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan H Wilman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Linglong Kong
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dana Cobzas
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Chary K, Nissi MJ, Nykänen O, Manninen E, Rey RI, Shmueli K, Sierra A, Gröhn O. Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the rat brain after traumatic brain injury. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4438. [PMID: 33219598 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The primary lesion arising from the initial insult after traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a cascade of secondary tissue damage, which may also progress to connected brain areas in the chronic phase. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate variations in the susceptibility distribution related to these secondary tissue changes in a rat model after severe lateral fluid percussion injury. We compared quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2 * measurements with histological analyses in white and grey matter areas outside the primary lesion but connected to the lesion site. We demonstrate that susceptibility variations in white and grey matter areas could be attributed to reduction in myelin, accumulation of iron and calcium, and gliosis. QSM showed quantitative changes attributed to secondary damage in areas located rostral to the lesion site that appeared normal in R2 * maps. However, combination of QSM and R2 * was informative in disentangling the underlying tissue changes such as iron accumulation, demyelination, or calcifications. Therefore, combining QSM with R2 * measurement can provide a more detailed assessment of tissue changes and may pave the way for improved diagnosis of TBI, and several other complex neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chary
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Nykänen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eppu Manninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ramón I Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Kletetschka G, Bazala R, Takáč M, Svecova E. Magnetic domains oscillation in the brain with neurodegenerative disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:714. [PMID: 33436793 PMCID: PMC7804002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geomagnetic fields interfere with the accumulation of iron in the human brain. Magnetic sensing of the human brain provides compelling evidence of new electric mechanisms in human brains and may interfere with the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases. We revealed that the human brain may have a unique susceptibility to conduct electric currents as feedback of magnetic dipole fluctuation in superparamagnetic grains. These grains accumulate and grow with brain aging. The electric feedback creates an electronic noise background that depends on geomagnetic field intensity and may compromise functional stability of the human brain, while induced currents are spontaneously generated near superparamagnetic grains. Grain growth due to an increase of iron mobility resulted in magnetic remanence enhancement during the final years of the studied brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Kletetschka
- Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 903 N Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
- Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Bazala
- Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Studničkova 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Takáč
- Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Svecova
- Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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20
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Wang C, Foxley S, Ansorge O, Bangerter-Christensen S, Chiew M, Leonte A, Menke RA, Mollink J, Pallebage-Gamarallage M, Turner MR, Miller KL, Tendler BC. Methods for quantitative susceptibility and R2* mapping in whole post-mortem brains at 7T applied to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117216. [PMID: 32745677 PMCID: PMC7775972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to the local concentration of iron and myelin. Here, we describe a robust image processing pipeline for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* mapping of fixed post-mortem, whole-brain data. Using this pipeline, we compare the resulting quantitative maps in brains from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and controls, with validation against iron and myelin histology. Twelve post-mortem brains were scanned with a multi-echo gradient echo sequence at 7T, from which susceptibility and R2* maps were generated. Semi-quantitative histological analysis for ferritin (the principal iron storage protein) and myelin proteolipid protein was performed in the primary motor, anterior cingulate and visual cortices. Magnetic susceptibility and R2* values in primary motor cortex were higher in ALS compared to control brains. Magnetic susceptibility and R2* showed positive correlations with both myelin and ferritin estimates from histology. Four out of nine ALS brains exhibited clearly visible hyperintense susceptibility and R2* values in the primary motor cortex. Our results demonstrate the potential for MRI-histology studies in whole, fixed post-mortem brains to investigate the biophysical source of susceptibility weighted MRI signals in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Sean Foxley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, United States
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bangerter-Christensen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
| | - Mark Chiew
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Leonte
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Groningen,the Netherlands
| | - Ricarda Al Menke
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Mollink
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karla L Miller
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin C Tendler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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van der Weerd L, Lefering A, Webb A, Egli R, Bossoni L. Effects of Alzheimer's disease and formalin fixation on the different mineralised-iron forms in the human brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16440. [PMID: 33020534 PMCID: PMC7536241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation in the brain is a phenomenon common to many neurodegenerative diseases, perhaps most notably Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We present here magnetic analyses of post-mortem brain tissue of patients who had severe Alzheimer’s disease, and compare the results with those from healthy controls. Isothermal remanent magnetization experiments were performed to assess the extent to which different magnetic carriers are affected by AD pathology and formalin fixation. While Alzheimer’s brain material did not show higher levels of magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles than corresponding controls, the ferrihydrite mineral, known to be found within the core of ferritin proteins and hemosiderin aggregates, almost doubled in concentration in patients with Alzheimer’s pathology, strengthening the conclusions of our previous studies. As part of this study, we also investigated the effects of sample preparation, by performing experiments on frozen tissue as well as tissue which had been fixed in formalin for a period of 5 months. Our results showed that the two different preparations did not critically affect the concentration of magnetic carriers in brain tissue, as observable by SQUID magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Lefering
- Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Egli
- Central Institute for Meteorology and Geo-dynamics (ZAMG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Bossoni
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Damulina A, Pirpamer L, Soellradl M, Sackl M, Tinauer C, Hofer E, Enzinger C, Gesierich B, Duering M, Ropele S, Schmidt R, Langkammer C. Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Assessment of Brain Iron Level in Alzheimer Disease Using 3-T MRI. Radiology 2020; 296:619-626. [PMID: 32602825 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020192541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Deep gray matter structures in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) contain higher brain iron concentrations. However, few studies have included neocortical areas, which are challenging to assess with MRI. Purpose To investigate baseline and change in brain iron levels using MRI at 3 T with R2* relaxation rate mapping in individuals with AD compared with healthy control (HC) participants. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, participants with AD recruited between 2010 and 2016 and age-matched HC participants selected from 2010 to 2014 were evaluated. Of 100 participants with AD, 56 underwent subsequent neuropsychological testing and brain MRI at a mean follow-up of 17 months. All participants underwent 3-T MRI, including R2* mapping corrected for macroscopic B0 field inhomogeneities. Anatomic structures were segmented, and median R2* values were calculated in the neocortex and cortical lobes, basal ganglia (BG), hippocampi, and thalami. Multivariable linear regression analysis was applied to study the difference in R2* levels between groups and the association between longitudinal changes in R2* values and cognition in the AD group. Results A total of 100 participants with AD (mean age, 73 years ± 9 [standard deviation]; 58 women) and 100 age-matched HC participants (mean age, 73 years ± 9; 60 women) were evaluated. Median R2* levels were higher in the AD group than in the HC group in the BG (HC, 29.0 sec-1; AD, 30.2 sec-1; P = .01) and total neocortex (HC, 17.0 sec-1; AD, 17.4 sec-1; P < .001) and regionally in the occipital (HC, 19.6 sec-1; AD, 20.2 sec-1; P = .007) and temporal (HC, 16.4 sec-1; AD, 18.1 sec-1; P < .001) lobes. R2* values in the temporal lobe were associated with longitudinal changes in Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease total score (β = -3.23 score/sec-1, P = .003) in participants with AD independent of longitudinal changes in brain volume. Conclusion Iron concentration in the deep gray matter and neocortical regions was higher in patients with Alzheimer disease than in healthy control participants. Change in iron levels over time in the temporal lobe was associated with cognitive decline in individuals with Alzheimer disease. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damulina
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Martin Soellradl
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Maximilian Sackl
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Christian Tinauer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Edith Hofer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Christian Enzinger
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Benno Gesierich
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Marco Duering
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Stefan Ropele
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
| | - Christian Langkammer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D., L.P., M. Soellradl, M. Sackl, C.T., E.H., C.E., S.R., R.S., C.L.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; and Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (B.G., M.D.)
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23
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Straub S, Mangesius S, Emmerich J, Indelicato E, Nachbauer W, Degenhardt KS, Ladd ME, Boesch S, Gizewski ER. Toward quantitative neuroimaging biomarkers for Friedreich's ataxia at 7 Tesla: Susceptibility mapping, diffusion imaging, R 2 and R 1 relaxometry. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2219-2231. [PMID: 32731306 PMCID: PMC7590084 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a rare genetic disorder leading to degenerative processes. So far, no effective treatment has been found. Therefore, it is important to assist the development of medication with imaging biomarkers reflecting disease status and progress. Ten FRDA patients (mean age 37 ± 14 years; four female) and 10 age- and sex-matched controls were included. Acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for quantitative susceptibility mapping, R1 , R2 relaxometry and diffusion imaging was performed at 7 Tesla. Results of volume of interest (VOI)-based analyses of the quantitative data were compared with a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) evaluation. Differences between patients and controls were assessed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; p < 0.01) with age and sex as covariates, effect size of group differences, and correlations with disease characteristics with Spearman correlation coefficient. For the VBM analysis, a statistical threshold of 0.001 for uncorrected and 0.05 for corrected p-values was used. Statistically significant differences between FRDA patients and controls were found in five out of twelve investigated structures, and statistically significant correlations with disease characteristics were revealed. Moreover, VBM revealed significant white matter atrophy within regions of the brainstem, and the cerebellum. These regions overlapped partially with brain regions for which significant differences between healthy controls and patients were found in the VOI-based quantitative MRI evaluation. It was shown that two independent analyses provided overlapping results. Moreover, positive results on correlations with disease characteristics were found, indicating that these quantitative MRI parameters could provide more detailed information and assist the search for effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Straub
- Division of Medical Physics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Mangesius
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Emmerich
- Division of Medical Physics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Nachbauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katja S Degenhardt
- Division of Medical Physics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke R Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Pu R, Wu Z, Yu W, He H, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zhong J. The association of myelination in the internal capsule with iron deposition in the basal ganglia in macaques: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1526-1539. [PMID: 32676370 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Iron plays a vital role in myelin synthesis and maintenance. A tight association between iron concentration and myelin content has been demonstrated in local brain regions; however, whether such a relationship exists between distant brain regions that are anatomically connected is largely unknown. Methods We conducted an in vivo measurement of iron and myelin content in the brains of 8 young (mean age: 7.7 years) and 8 old (mean age: 24.7 years) macaques by integrating two MRI-based techniques: quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and myelin water fraction (MWF) imaging. We examined the relationship between iron deposition in components of the basal ganglia (BG), and the myelin content of the BG-connecting fiber tract internal capsule (IC) and four more white matter (WM) structures, including the optic tract, and the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum, which are anatomically separate from the BG. Results Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a moderate to high (r=0.528-0.808, P<0.05) positive correlation between the magnetic susceptibility of the BG and the MWF of anatomically connected IC structures during myelin production and maintenance, but little significant correlation was found between the susceptibility of the BG and the MWF of WM structures not anatomically connected to the BG. Conclusions These results advance the understanding of the relationship between iron and myelin, and suggest that future studies should consider the impact that iron concentration in the BG has on the myelination of WM structures that are anatomically connected to the BG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Pu
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian He
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuofu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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25
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Birkl C, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Kames C, Goessler W, Haybaeck J, Fazekas F, Ropele S, Rauscher A. The influence of iron oxidation state on quantitative MRI parameters in post mortem human brain. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117080. [PMID: 32585344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques are known to be sensitive to brain iron content. In principle, iron sensitive MRI techniques are based on local magnetic field variations caused by iron particles in tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of MR relaxation and magnetization transfer parameters to changes in iron oxidation state compared to changes in iron concentration. Therefore, quantitative MRI parameters including R1, R2, R2∗, quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of post mortem human brain tissue were acquired prior and after chemical iron reduction to change the iron oxidation state and chemical iron extraction to decrease the total iron concentration. All assessed parameters were shown to be sensitive to changes in iron concentration whereas only R2, R2∗ and QSM were also sensitive to changes in iron oxidation state. Mass spectrometry confirmed that iron accumulated in the extraction solution but not in the reduction solution. R2∗ and QSM are often used as markers for iron content. Changes in these parameters do not necessarily reflect variations in iron content but may also be a result of changes in the iron's oxygenation state from ferric towards more ferrous iron or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Birkl
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Kames
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Fazekas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Ropele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (Division of Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Weber AM, Zhang Y, Kames C, Rauscher A. Myelin water imaging and R 2* mapping in neonates: Investigating R 2* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4222. [PMID: 31846134 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
R2* relaxation provides a semiquantitative method of detecting myelin, iron and white matter fibre orientation angles. Compared with standard histogram-based analyses, angle-resolved analysis of R2* has previously been shown to substantially improve the detection of subtle differences in the brain between healthy siblings of subjects with multiple sclerosis and unrelated healthy controls. Neonates, who are born with very little myelin and iron, and an underdeveloped connectome, provide researchers with an opportunity to investigate whether R2* is intimately linked with fibre-angle or myelin content as it is in adults, which may in future studies be explored as a potential white matter developmental biomarker. Five healthy adult volunteers (mean age [±SD] = 31.2 [±8.3] years; three males) were recruited from Vancouver, Canada. Eight term neonates (mean age = 38.6 ± 1.2 weeks; five males) were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University neonatal ward. All subjects were scanned on identical 3 T Philips Achieva scanners equipped with an eight-channel SENSE head coil and underwent a multiecho gradient echo scan, a 32-direction DTI scan and a myelin water imaging scan. For both neonates and adults, bin-averaged R2* variation across the brain's white matter was found to be best explained by fibre orientation. For adults, this represented a difference in R2* values of 3.5 Hz from parallel to perpendicular fibres with respect to the main magnetic field. In neonates, the fibre orientation dependency displayed a cosine wave shape, with a small R2* range of 0.4 Hz. This minor relationship in neonates provides further evidence for the key role myelin probably plays in creating this fibre orientation dependence later in life, but suggests limited clinical application in newborn populations. Future studies should investigate fibre-orientation dependency in infants in the first 5 years, when substantial myelin development occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mark Weber
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Christian Kames
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kagerer SM, van Bergen JMG, Li X, Quevenco FC, Gietl AF, Studer S, Treyer V, Meyer R, Kaufmann PA, Nitsch RM, van Zijl PCM, Hock C, Unschuld PG. APOE4 moderates effects of cortical iron on synchronized default mode network activity in cognitively healthy old-aged adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12002. [PMID: 32211498 PMCID: PMC7085281 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4)-related genetic risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease is associated with an early impairment of cognitive brain networks. The current study determines relationships between APOE4 carrier status, cortical iron, and cortical network-functionality. METHODS Sixty-nine cognitively healthy old-aged individuals (mean age [SD] 66.1 [± 7.2] years; Mini-Mental State Exam [MMSE] 29.3 ± 1.1) were genotyped for APOE4 carrier-status and received 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at rest, three-dimensional (3D)-gradient echo (six echoes) for cortical gray-matter, non-heme iron by quantitative susceptibility mapping, and 18F-flutemetamol positron emission tomography for amyloid-β. RESULTS A spatial pattern consistent with the default mode network (DMN) could be identified by independent component analysis. DMN activity was enhanced in APOE4 carriers and related to cortical iron burden. APOE4 and cortical iron synergistically interacted with DMN activity. Secondary analysis revealed a positive, APOE4 associated, relationship between cortical iron and DMN connectivity. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that APOE4 moderates effects of iron on brain functionality prior to manifestation of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Kagerer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Xu Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR ResearchThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Anton F. Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philipp A. Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- NeurimmuneSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR ResearchThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- NeurimmuneSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Paul G. Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Taubert M, Roggenhofer E, Melie-Garcia L, Muller S, Lehmann N, Preisig M, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Lutti A, Kherif F, Draganski B. Converging patterns of aging-associated brain volume loss and tissue microstructure differences. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 88:108-118. [PMID: 32035845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the worldwide increasing socioeconomic burden of aging-associated brain diseases, there is pressing need to gain in-depth knowledge about the neurobiology of brain anatomy changes across the life span. Advances in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging sensitive to brain's myelin, iron, and free water content allow for a detailed in vivo investigation of aging-related changes while reducing spurious morphometry differences. Main aim of our study is to link previous morphometry findings in aging to microstructural tissue properties in a large-scale cohort (n = 966, age range 46-86 y). Addressing previous controversies in the field, we present results obtained with different approaches to adjust local findings for global effects. Beyond the confirmation of age-related atrophy, myelin, and free water decreases, we report proportionally steeper volume, iron, and myelin decline in sensorimotor and subcortical areas paralleled by free water increase. We demonstrate aging-related white matter volume, myelin, and iron loss in frontostriatal projections. Our findings provide robust evidence for spatial overlap between volume and tissue property differences in aging that affect predominantly motor and executive networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Taubert
- Chair for Training Science, Cognition and Action, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural and Brain Sciences - CBBS, Magdeburg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Roggenhofer
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Muller
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nico Lehmann
- Chair for Training Science, Cognition and Action, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Preisig
- Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Assessment of Melanin Content and its Influence on Susceptibility Contrast in Melanoma Metastases. Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 30:607-614. [PMID: 31396654 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the influence of melanin content on magnetic susceptibility of cerebral melanoma metastases. METHODS Patients with non-hemorrhagic metastases were included based on the absence of susceptibility blooming artifacts. Susceptibility maps were calculated from 3D gradient echo data, using Laplacian-based phase unwrapping, sophisticated harmonic artefact reduction for phase data (V-SHARP) with varying spherical kernel sizes for background field removal and the iLSQR algorithm for the inversion of phase data. Susceptibility maps were referenced to cerebrospinal fluid. Non-hemorrhagic metastases were identified on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images and susceptibility weighted images. Metastases masks were drawn on T1-weighted post-contrast images and used to compute mean susceptibility values of each metastasis. RESULTS A total of 33 non-hemorrhagic melanoma brain metastases in 20 patients were quantitatively evaluated. Metastases without and with hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images, which corresponds to the melanin content, showed median susceptibility values of -0.028 ppm and -0.020 ppm, respectively. The susceptibility differences between metastases without and with T1-weighted hyperintense signal was not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION Non-hemorrhagic cerebral melanoma metastases showed weak diamagnetic susceptibility values and susceptibility did not significantly correlate to T1-weighted signals. Therefore, melanin does not seem to be a major contributor to susceptibility in cerebral melanoma metastases.
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Ruetten PPR, Gillard JH, Graves MJ. Introduction to Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20181016. [PMID: 30933548 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20181016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) are MRI techniques that measure and display differences in the magnetization that is induced in tissues, i.e. their magnetic susceptibility, when placed in the strong external magnetic field of an MRI system. SWI produces images in which the contrast is heavily weighted by the intrinsic tissue magnetic susceptibility. It has been applied in a wide range of clinical applications. QSM is a further advancement of this technique that requires sophisticated post-processing in order to provide quantitative maps of tissue susceptibility. This review explains the steps involved in both SWI and QSM as well as describing some of their uses in both clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal P R Ruetten
- 1Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan H Gillard
- 1Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Graves
- 2Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bian W, Kerr AB, Tranvinh E, Parivash S, Zahneisen B, Han MH, Lock CB, Goubran M, Zhu K, Rutt BK, Zeineh MM. MR susceptibility contrast imaging using a 2D simultaneous multi-slice gradient-echo sequence at 7T. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219705. [PMID: 31314813 PMCID: PMC6636815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a 7T simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) 2D gradient-echo sequence for susceptibility contrast imaging, and to compare its quality to 3D imaging. Methods A frequency modulated and phase cycled RF pulse was designed to simultaneously excite multiple slices in multi-echo 2D gradient-echo imaging. The imaging parameters were chosen to generate images with susceptibility contrast, including T2*-weighted magnitude/phase images, susceptibility-weighted images and quantitative susceptibility/R2* maps. To compare their image quality with 3D gradient-echo imaging, both 2D and 3D imaging were performed on 11 healthy volunteers and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The signal to noise ratio (SNR) in gray and white matter and their contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was simulated for the 2D and 3D magnitude images using parameters from the imaging. The experimental SNRs and CNRs were measured in gray/white matter and deep gray matter structures on magnitude, phase, R2* and QSM images from volunteers and the visibility of MS lesions on these images from patients was visually rated. All SNRs and CNRs were compared between the 2D and 3D imaging using a paired t-test. Results Although the 3D magnitude images still had significantly higher SNRs (by 13.0~17.6%), the 2D magnitude and QSM images generated significantly higher gray/white matter or globus pallidus/putamen contrast (by 13.3~87.5%) and significantly higher MS lesion contrast (by 5.9~17.3%). Conclusion 2D SMS gradient-echo imaging can serve as an alternative to often used 3D imaging to obtain susceptibility-contrast-weighted images, with an advantage of providing better image contrast and MS lesion sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Adam B. Kerr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric Tranvinh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Sherveen Parivash
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Zahneisen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - May H. Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Lock
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Kongrong Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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De Barros A, Arribarat G, Combis J, Chaynes P, Péran P. Matching ex vivo MRI With Iron Histology: Pearls and Pitfalls. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:68. [PMID: 31333421 PMCID: PMC6616088 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron levels in the brain can be estimated using newly developed specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. This technique has several applications, especially in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Coupling ex vivo MRI with histology allows neuroscientists to better understand what they see in the images. Iron is one of the most extensively studied elements, both by MRI and using histological or physical techniques. Researchers were initially only able to make visual comparisons between MRI images and different types of iron staining, but the emergence of specific MRI sequences like R2* or quantitative susceptibility mapping meant that quantification became possible, requiring correlations with physical techniques. Today, with advances in MRI and image post-processing, it is possible to look for MRI/histology correlations by matching the two sorts of images. For the result to be acceptable, the choice of methodology is crucial, as there are hidden pitfalls every step of the way. In order to review the advantages and limitations of ex vivo MRI correlation with iron-based histology, we reviewed all the relevant articles dealing with the topic in humans. We provide separate assessments of qualitative and quantitative studies, and after summarizing the significant results, we emphasize all the pitfalls that may be encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury De Barros
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier-INSERM, Toulouse, France
- Department of Anatomy, Toulouse Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Germain Arribarat
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier-INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeanne Combis
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier-INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Chaynes
- Department of Anatomy, Toulouse Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier-INSERM, Toulouse, France
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33
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SWI processing using a local phase difference modulated venous enhancement filter with noise compensation. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 59:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Birkl C, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Endmayr V, Höftberger R, Kasprian G, Krebs C, Haybaeck J, Rauscher A. The influence of brain iron on myelin water imaging. Neuroimage 2019; 199:545-552. [PMID: 31108214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With myelin playing a vital role in normal brain integrity and function and thus in various neurological disorders, myelin sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are of great importance. In particular, multi-exponential T2 relaxation was shown to be highly sensitive to myelin. The myelin water imaging (MWI) technique allows to separate the T2 decay into short components, specific to myelin water, and long components reflecting the intra- and extracellular water. The myelin water fraction (MWF) is the ratio of the short components to all components. In the brain's white matter (WM), myelin and iron are closely linked via the presence of iron in the myelin generating oligodendrocytes. Iron is known to decrease T2 relaxation times and may therefore mimic myelin. In this study, we investigated if variations in WM iron content can lead to apparent MWF changes. We performed MWI in post mortem human brain tissue prior and after chemical iron extraction. Histology for iron and myelin confirmed a decrease in iron content and no change in myelin content after iron extraction. In MRI, iron extraction lead to a decrease in MWF by 26%-28% in WM. Thus, a change in MWF does not necessarily reflect a change in myelin content. This observation has important implications for the interpretation of MWI findings in previously published studies and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Birkl
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Endmayr
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Krebs
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guerecke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (Division of Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Billington S, Salphati L, Hop CECA, Chu X, Evers R, Burdette D, Rowbottom C, Lai Y, Xiao G, Humphreys WG, Nguyen TB, Prasad B, Unadkat JD. Interindividual and Regional Variability in Drug Transporter Abundance at the Human Blood-Brain Barrier Measured by Quantitative Targeted Proteomics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:228-237. [PMID: 30673124 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of brain distribution of drugs that are transported at the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is important to quantify the interindividual and regional variability of drug transporter abundance at this barrier. Therefore, using quantitative targeted proteomics, we compared the abundance of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) isolated from postmortem specimens of two matched brain regions, the occipital (Brodmann Area (BA)17) and parietal (BA39) lobe, from 30 adults. Of the quantifiable transporters, the abundance ranked: glucose transporter (GLUT)1 > breast cancer resistance protein > P-glycoprotein (P-gp) > equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT)1 > organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)2B1. The abundance of multidrug resistance protein 1/2/3/4, OATP1A2, organic anion transporter (OAT)3, organic cation transporter (OCT)1/2, OCTN1/2, or ENT2 was below the limit of quantification. Transporter abundance per gram of tissue (scaled using GLUT1 abundance in BMEC vs. brain homogenate) in BA17 was 30-42% higher than BA39. The interindividual variability in transporter abundance (percentage of coefficient of variation (%CV)) was 35-57% (BA17) and 27-46% (BA39). These data can be used in proteomics-informed bottom-up IVIVE to predict human brain drug distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Billington
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Yurong Lai
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Guangqing Xiao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tot Bui Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Wei H, Han V, Zhu WZ, Liu C. Neonate and infant brain development from birth to 2 years assessed using MRI-based quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2018; 185:349-360. [PMID: 30315906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain rapidly develops during the first two years following birth. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) provides information of iron and myelin variations. It is considered to be a valuable tool for studying brain development in early life. In the present work, QSM is performed on neonates, 1-year and 2-year old infants, as well as a group of adults for the purpose of reference. Age-specific templates representing common brain structures are built for each age group. The neonate and infant QSM templates have shown some unique findings compared to conventional T1w and T2w imaging techniques. The contrast between the gray and white matters on the QSM images did not change through brain development from neonate to adult. A linear correlation was found between brain myelination determined in this study and the microscopic myelin degree determined by a previous autopsy study. Also, the magnetic susceptibility values of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) exhibit a gradually decreasing trend from birth to 2 years old and to adulthood. The findings suggest that the macromolecular content, myelin, and iron may play the most important contributing factors for the magnetic susceptibility of neonate and infant brain. QSM can be a powerful means to study early brain development and related pathologies that involve alterations in macromolecular content, iron, or brain myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information and Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victor Han
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA.
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The influence of brain iron and myelin on magnetic susceptibility and effective transverse relaxation - A biochemical and histological validation study. Neuroimage 2018; 179:117-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Quantifying iron content in magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2018; 187:77-92. [PMID: 29702183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring iron content has practical clinical indications in the study of diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ferritinopathies and multiple sclerosis as well as in the quantification of iron content in microbleeds and oxygen saturation in veins. In this work, we review the basic concepts behind imaging iron using T2, T2*, T2', phase and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the human brain, liver and heart, followed by the applications of in vivo iron quantification in neurodegenerative diseases, iron tagged cells and ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles.
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Untangling the R2* contrast in multiple sclerosis: A combined MRI-histology study at 7.0 Tesla. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193839. [PMID: 29561895 PMCID: PMC5862438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T2*-weighted multi-echo gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging and its reciprocal R2* are used in brain imaging due to their sensitivity to iron content. In patients with multiple sclerosis who display pathological alterations in iron and myelin contents, the use of R2* may offer a unique way to untangle mechanisms of disease. Coronal slices from 8 brains of deceased multiple sclerosis patients were imaged using a whole-body 7.0 Tesla MRI scanner. The scanning protocol included three-dimensional (3D) T2*-w multi-echo gradient-echo and 2D T2-w turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences. Histopathological analyses of myelin and iron content were done using Luxol fast blue and proteolipid myelin staining and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride enhanced Turnbull blue staining. Quantification of R2*, myelin and iron intensity were obtained. Variations in R2* were found to be affected differently by myelin and iron content in different regions of multiple sclerosis brains. The data shall inform clinical investigators in addressing the role of T2*/R2* variations as a biomarker of tissue integrity in brains of MS patients, in vivo.
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Elkady AM, Cobzas D, Sun H, Blevins G, Wilman AH. Discriminative analysis of regional evolution of iron and myelin/calcium in deep gray matter of multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:652-668. [PMID: 29537720 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined R2* and quantitative susceptibility (QS) has been previously used in cross-sectional multiple sclerosis (MS) studies to distinguish deep gray matter (DGM) iron accumulation and demyelination. PURPOSE We propose and apply discriminative analysis of regional evolution (DARE) to define specific changes in MS and healthy DGM. STUDY TYPE Longitudinal (baseline and 2-year follow-up) retrospective study. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 17 progressive MS (PMS), and corresponding age-matched healthy subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 4.7T 10-echo gradient-echo acquisition. ASSESSMENT Automatically segmented caudate nucleus (CN), thalamus (TH), putamen (PU), globus pallidus, red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra, and dentate nucleus were retrospectively analyzed to quantify regional volumes, bulk mean R2*, and bulk mean QS. DARE utilized combined R2* and QS localized changes to compute spatial extent, mean intensity, and total changes of DGM iron and myelin/calcium over 2 years. STATISTICAL TESTS We used mixed factorial analysis for bulk analysis, nonparametric tests for DARE (α = 0.05), and multiple regression analysis using backward elimination of DGM structures (α = 0.05, P = 0.1) to regress bulk and DARE measures with the follow-up Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). False detection rate correction was applied to all tests. RESULTS Bulk analysis only detected significant (Q ≤ 0.05) interaction effects in RRMS CN QS (η = 0.45; Q = 0.004) and PU volume (η = 0.38; Q = 0.034). DARE demonstrated significant group differences in all RRMS structures, and in all PMS structures except the RN. The largest RRMS effect size was CN total R2* iron decrease (r = 0.74; Q = 0.00002), and TH mean QS myelin/calcium decrease for PMS (r = 0.70; Q = 0.002). DARE iron increase using total QS demonstrated the highest correlation with MSSS (r = 0.68; Q = 0.0005). DATA CONCLUSION DARE enabled discriminative assessment of specific DGM changes over 2 years, where iron and myelin/calcium changes were the primary drivers in RRMS and PMS compared to age-matched controls, respectively. Specific DARE measures of MS DGM correlated with follow-up MSSS, and may reflect complex disease pathology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elkady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dana Cobzas
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hongfu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gregg Blevins
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alan H Wilman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Cho J, Kee Y, Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Zhang J, Gupta A, Zhang S, Wang Y. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) mapping by combining quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantitative blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging (qBOLD). Magn Reson Med 2018. [PMID: 29516537 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To map the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) by estimating the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) from gradient echo imaging (GRE) using phase and magnitude of the GRE data. THEORY AND METHODS 3D multi-echo gradient echo imaging and perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling were performed in 11 healthy subjects. CMRO2 and OEF maps were reconstructed by joint quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to process GRE phases and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent (qBOLD) modeling to process GRE magnitudes. Comparisons with QSM and qBOLD alone were performed using ROI analysis, paired t-tests, and Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS The average CMRO2 value in cortical gray matter across subjects were 140.4 ± 14.9, 134.1 ± 12.5, and 184.6 ± 17.9 μmol/100 g/min, with corresponding OEFs of 30.9 ± 3.4%, 30.0 ± 1.8%, and 40.9 ± 2.4% for methods based on QSM, qBOLD, and QSM+qBOLD, respectively. QSM+qBOLD provided the highest CMRO2 contrast between gray and white matter, more uniform OEF than QSM, and less noisy OEF than qBOLD. CONCLUSION Quantitative CMRO2 mapping that fits the entire complex GRE data is feasible by combining QSM analysis of phase and qBOLD analysis of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Youngwook Kee
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Ex-vivo quantitative susceptibility mapping of human brain hemispheres. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188395. [PMID: 29261693 PMCID: PMC5737971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex-vivo brain quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) allows investigation of brain characteristics at essentially the same point in time as histopathologic examination, and therefore has the potential to become an important tool for determining the role of QSM as a diagnostic and monitoring tool of age-related neuropathologies. In order to be able to translate the ex-vivo QSM findings to in-vivo, it is crucial to understand the effects of death and chemical fixation on brain magnetic susceptibility measurements collected ex-vivo. Thus, the objective of this work was twofold: a) to assess the behavior of magnetic susceptibility in both gray and white matter of human brain hemispheres as a function of time postmortem, and b) to establish the relationship between in-vivo and ex-vivo gray matter susceptibility measurements on the same hemispheres. Five brain hemispheres from community-dwelling older adults were imaged ex-vivo with QSM on a weekly basis for six weeks postmortem, and the longitudinal behavior of ex-vivo magnetic susceptibility in both gray and white matter was assessed. The relationship between in-vivo and ex-vivo gray matter susceptibility measurements was investigated using QSM data from eleven older adults imaged both antemortem and postmortem. No systematic change in ex-vivo magnetic susceptibility of gray or white matter was observed over time postmortem. Additionally, it was demonstrated that, gray matter magnetic susceptibility measured ex-vivo may be well modeled as a linear function of susceptibility measured in-vivo. In conclusion, magnetic susceptibility in gray and white matter measured ex-vivo with QSM does not systematically change in the first six weeks after death. This information is important for future cross-sectional ex-vivo QSM studies of hemispheres imaged at different postmortem intervals. Furthermore, the linear relationship between in-vivo and ex-vivo gray matter magnetic susceptibility suggests that ex-vivo QSM captures information linked to antemortem gray matter magnetic susceptibility, which is important for translation of ex-vivo QSM findings to in-vivo.
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43
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An R2* model of white matter for fiber orientation and myelin concentration. Neuroimage 2017; 162:269-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Kim M, Lee H, Cho HJ, Young Chun S, Shin JH, Kim EJ, Woo Ahn J, Huh GY, Baek SY, Lee JH. Pathologic Correlation of Paramagnetic White Matter Lesions in Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy With Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:924-928. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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45
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Leporq B, Lambert SA, Ronot M, Vilgrain V, Van Beers BE. Simultaneous MR quantification of hepatic fat content, fatty acid composition, transverse relaxation time and magnetic susceptibility for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3766. [PMID: 28678410 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized at histology by steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning and inflammatory infiltrates, with or without fibrosis. Although diamagnetic material in fibrosis and inflammation can be detected with quantitative susceptibility imaging, fatty acid composition changes in NASH relative to simple steatosis have also been reported. Therefore, our aim was to develop a single magnetic resonance (MR) acquisition and post-processing scheme for the diagnosis of steatohepatitis by the simultaneous quantification of hepatic fat content, fatty acid composition, T2 * transverse relaxation time and magnetic susceptibility in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. MR acquisition was performed at 3.0 T using a three-dimensional, multi-echo, spoiled gradient echo sequence. Phase images were unwrapped to compute the B0 field inhomogeneity (ΔB0 ) map. The ΔB0 -demodulated real part images were used for fat-water separation, T2 * and fatty acid composition quantification. The external and internal fields were separated with the projection onto dipole field method. Susceptibility maps were obtained after dipole inversion from the internal field map with single-orientation Bayesian regularization including spatial priors. Method validation was performed in 32 patients with biopsy-proven, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from which 12 had simple steatosis and 20 NASH. Liver fat fraction and T2 * did not change significantly between patients with simple steatosis and NASH. In contrast, the saturated fatty acid fraction increased in patients with NASH relative to patients with simple steatosis (48 ± 2% versus 44 ± 4%; p < 0.05) and the magnetic susceptibility decreased (-0.30 ± 0.27 ppm versus 0.10 ± 0.14 ppm; p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for magnetic susceptibility as NASH marker was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.79-1.0). Simultaneous MR quantification of fat content, fatty acid composition, T2 * and magnetic susceptibility is feasible in the liver. Our preliminary results suggest that quantitative susceptibility imaging has a high diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leporq
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 Inserm, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1209, UCBL Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon, France
| | - S A Lambert
- Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1209, UCBL Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon, France
| | - M Ronot
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 Inserm, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, Clichy, France
| | - V Vilgrain
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 Inserm, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, Clichy, France
| | - B E Van Beers
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 Inserm, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, Clichy, France
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46
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Wang X, Zhang R, Wei W, Jiang H, Gao Z, Lin J, Zhang J. Long-term sequelae of hippocampal lesions in patients with transient global amnesia: A multiparametric MRI study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1350-1358. [PMID: 28884957 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI signal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity in the hippocampus in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) are resolved within several days after the onset of TGA. PURPOSE To use multiparametric MRI to unravel the sequelae of TGA. STUDY TYPE A prospective longitudinal study. POPULATION Eight TGA patients. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0T Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner with T1 -weighted MPRAGE, diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging, and multiecho gradient-recalled echo sequences. ASSESSMENT Brain MRI scanned within 72 hours, 2 weeks, and 3 months after onset of TGA, respectively. T1 image hippocampus was first segmented into 12 subregions using FreeSurfer and registered to DWI to locate DWI lesion. Then a T1 image with segmented hippocampus was registered to its corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, fractional anisotropy (FA) map, and quantitative susceptibility map, respectively. Finally, the volume, water diffusion and anisotropy, and magnetic susceptibility of DWI lesion were analyzed. STATISTICAL TESTS A paired samples t-test was performed to detect measurement differences between three tests. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlations between all measurements. RESULTS Hyperintensity was detected in the head, body, and caudate of CA1 and hippocampal tail. No significant changes existed in CA1/unit volume across the three timepoint measurements (all, P > 0.480). In Test 1, ratio ADC (DWI lesion / adjacent healthy, rADC) and ratio FA (rFA) decreased below, while ratio susceptibility increased above 1.0. In Test 2, all the episodes normalized around 1.0. In Test 3, rADC remained normalization, but rFA decreased and ratio susceptibility increased again. In Test 1 and Test 3 (vs. Test 2), decreased FA values were accompanied with lower axial diffusivity and/or higher radial diffusivity (all, P < 0.001). Moreover, rFA significantly correlated with ratio susceptibility in Test 3 (r = -0.665, P = 0.039). DATA CONCLUSION Microstructural sequelae in hippocampus were demonstrated, which indicates that ischemic lesions may be associated with TGA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1350-1358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Wei
- MRI Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
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47
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Wiggermann V, Hametner S, Hernández-Torres E, Kames C, Endmayr V, Kasprian G, Höftberger R, Li DKB, Traboulsee A, Rauscher A. Susceptibility-sensitive MRI of multiple sclerosis lesions and the impact of normal-appearing white matter changes. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3727. [PMID: 28470768 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained importance in multiple sclerosis (MS) research because of its versatility, high resolution and excellent sensitivity to changes in tissue structure and composition. In particular, mapping of the resonance frequency of the MR signal and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) have been explored for the description of MS lesions. Many current studies utilizing these techniques attribute increases in the MR frequency or QSM to elevated tissue iron content, in addition to myelin loss. However, this common interpretation is inconsistent with recent histopathological studies. Here, we investigate the nature of MR frequency shifts related to MS lesions by comparing post-mortem MRI data with histology, and contrast them with numerical simulations of the MR signal. We demonstrate that iron accumulation is not the driving source of the MR frequency or QSM image contrast in our sample; rather, most chronic MS lesions are characterized by advanced loss of both myelin and iron. Moreover, our results suggest that the appearance of MS lesions on MR frequency maps and QSM depends on changes in the non-lesional white matter surrounding the lesions. Understanding and accounting for these changes is essential for the quantitative interpretation of MR frequency or QSM data in white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wiggermann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon Hametner
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enedino Hernández-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Kames
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Verena Endmayr
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David K B Li
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony Traboulsee
- Faculty of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Yablonskiy DA, Sukstanskii AL. Effects of biological tissue structural anisotropy and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility on the gradient echo MRI signal phase: theoretical background. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3655. [PMID: 27862452 PMCID: PMC6375105 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping is a potentially powerful technique for mapping tissue magnetic susceptibility from gradient recalled echo (GRE) MRI signal phase. In this review, we present up-to-date theoretical developments in analyzing the relationships between GRE signal phase and the underlying tissue microstructure and magnetic susceptibility at the cellular level. Two important phenomena contributing to the GRE signal phase are at the focus of this review - tissue structural anisotropy (e.g. cylindrical axonal bundles in white matter) and magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. One of the most intriguing and challenging problems in this field is calculating the so-called Lorentzian contribution to the phase shift induced by the local environment - magnetized tissue structures that have dimensions smaller than the imaging voxel (e.g. cells, cellular components, blood capillaries). In this review, we briefly discuss a "standard" approach to this problem, based on introduction of an imaginary Lorentzian cavity, as well as a more recent method - the generalized Lorentzian tensor approach (GLTA) - that is based on a statistical approach and a direct solution of the magnetostatic Maxwell equations. The latter adequately accounts for both types of anisotropy: the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and the structural tissue anisotropy. In the GLTA the frequency shift due to the local environment is characterized by the Lorentzian tensor L^, which has a substantially different structure than the susceptibility tensor χ^. While the components of χ^ are compartmental susceptibilities "weighted" by their volume fractions, the components of L^ are weighted by specific numerical factors depending on tissue geometrical microsymmetry. In multi-compartment structures, the components of the Lorentzian tensor also depend on the compartmental relaxation properties, hence the MR pulse sequence settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy
- Correspondence to: D.A. Yablonskiy, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Lee J, Nam Y, Choi JY, Kim EY, Oh SH, Kim DH. Mechanisms of T 2 * anisotropy and gradient echo myelin water imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3513. [PMID: 27060968 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In MRI, structurally aligned molecular or micro-organization (e.g. axonal fibers) can be a source of substantial signal variations that depend on the structural orientation and the applied magnetic field. This signal anisotropy gives us a unique opportunity to explore information that exists at a resolution several orders of magnitude smaller than that of typical MRI. In this review, one of the signal anisotropies, T2 * anisotropy in white matter, and a related imaging method, gradient echo myelin water imaging (GRE-MWI), are explored. The T2 * anisotropy has been attributed to isotropic and anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of myelin and compartmentalized microstructure of white matter fibers (i.e. axonal, myelin, and extracellular space). The susceptibility and microstructure create magnetic frequency shifts that change with the relative orientation of the fiber and the main magnetic field, generating the T2 * anisotropy. The resulting multi-component magnitude decay and nonlinear phase evolution have been utilized for GRE-MWI, assisting in resolving the signal fraction of the multiple compartments in white matter. The GRE-MWI method has been further improved by signal compensation techniques including physiological noise compensation schemes. The T2 * anisotropy and GRE-MWI provide microstructural information on a voxel (e.g. fiber orientation and tissue composition), and may serve as sensitive biomarkers for microstructural changes in the brain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonho Nam
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Yul Choi
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Yeop Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Ropele S, Langkammer C. Iron quantification with susceptibility. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3534. [PMID: 27119601 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element involved in a variety of biological mechanisms in the human body. Disturbances of iron homeostasis have been observed in several inflammatory and degenerative diseases, which have raised strong interest in non-invasive iron mapping techniques. Numerous MRI techniques have been proposed so far, mostly based on the field changes induced by the magnetic properties of iron. Each of these approaches has a specific sensitivity for iron and its microstructural environment. Quantitative susceptibility mapping is the latest development and provides a direct measure of bulk susceptibility. However, field changes induced by iron are not always directly related to the concentration of iron, but rather reflect the structure of iron compounds and its cellular distribution. This review provides an overview of the most relevant iron compounds in the human body, their magnetic properties and their cellular distribution. In addition, MRI methods based on direct or indirect susceptibility changes are presented and discussed with respect to technical aspects and clinical applicability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ropele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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