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Kuiken D. The Epistemic Limits of Impactful Dreams: Metacognition, Metaphoricity, and Sublime Feeling. Brain Sci 2024; 14:528. [PMID: 38928529 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Taxonomic studies of dreams that continue to influence the dreamer's thoughts and feelings after awakening have distinguished three types of impactful dreams: nightmares, existential dreams, and transcendent dreams. Of these, existential dreams and transcendent dreams are characterized by recurrent metacognitive appraisal of the epistemic tension between complementary (a) metaphoric (A "is" B) assertions and (b) literal (A "is not" B) assertions. Metacognitive appraisal of such complementary metaphoric and literal assertions is detectable as the felt sense of inexpressible realizations. The poesy of such inexpressible realizations depends upon the juxtaposition of a metaphoric topic and vehicle that are both "semantically dense" but at an abstract level "distant" from each other. The result is "emergence" of attributes of the metaphoric vehicle that are sufficiently abstract to be attributes also of the metaphoric topic. The cumulative effect of successive metaphoric/literal categorical transformations produces a higher-level form of metacognition that is consistent with a neo-Kantian account of sublime feeling. Sublime feeling occurs as either sublime disquietude (existential dreams) or as sublime enthrallment (transcendent dreams). The aftereffects of these two dream types are thematically iterative "living metaphors" that have abstract (but not "totalizing") ontological import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Kuiken
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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2
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Lampri S, Peristeri E, Marinis T, Andreou M. Figurative language processing in autism spectrum disorders: A review. Autism Res 2024; 17:674-689. [PMID: 38071498 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Impairments in the broader domain of pragmatics are considered to be a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). A challenging aspect of pragmatic competence is the ability to process nonliteral language. Interestingly, previous studies in figurative language comprehension in ASD have demonstrated conflicting results regarding participants' performance. The main scientific debate focuses on the underlying skills which facilitate processing of nonliteral speech in ASD. Namely, Theory of Mind (ToM), language abilities and Executive functions (EFs) are regarded as factors affecting autistic individuals' performance. This review addresses figurative language comprehension in ASD in light of the above three interpretive accounts. We reviewed data from recent studies in this field concluding that autistic children indeed encounter systematic difficulties in the processing of non-literal language. Moreover, only ToM and verbal skills were found to correlate the most with figurative language comprehension in ASD. Notably, we found that differences related to research methodology and tasks' properties may have led to discrepancies between studies' results. Finally, we argue that future studies should encompass in their experimental design figurative comprehension tasks with minimal linguistic demands and also measures of ToM, verbal ability and EFs in order to shed more light in the independent contribution of those skills to the processing of nonliteral language in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Lampri
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Eleni Peristeri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, School of English, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Marinis
- Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maria Andreou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
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3
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Del Val C, Díaz de la Guardia-Bolívar E, Zwir I, Mishra PP, Mesa A, Salas R, Poblete GF, de Erausquin G, Raitoharju E, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Lehtimäki T, Cloninger CR. Gene expression networks regulated by human personality. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02484-x. [PMID: 38433276 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of human personality have been carried out, but transcription of the whole genome has not been studied in relation to personality in humans. We collected genome-wide expression profiles of adults to characterize the regulation of expression and function in genes related to human personality. We devised an innovative multi-omic approach to network analysis to identify the key control elements and interactions in multi-modular networks. We identified sets of transcribed genes that were co-expressed in specific brain regions with genes known to be associated with personality. Then we identified the minimum networks for the co-localized genes using bioinformatic resources. Subjects were 459 adults from the Young Finns Study who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory and provided peripheral blood for genomic and transcriptomic analysis. We identified an extrinsic network of 45 regulatory genes from seed genes in brain regions involved in self-regulation of emotional reactivity to extracellular stimuli (e.g., self-regulation of anxiety) and an intrinsic network of 43 regulatory genes from seed genes in brain regions involved in self-regulation of interpretations of meaning (e.g., production of concepts and language). We discovered that interactions between the two networks were coordinated by a control hub of 3 miRNAs and 3 protein-coding genes shared by both. Interactions of the control hub with proteins and ncRNAs identified more than 100 genes that overlap directly with known personality-related genes and more than another 4000 genes that interact indirectly. We conclude that the six-gene hub is the crux of an integrative network that orchestrates information-transfer throughout a multi-modular system of over 4000 genes enriched in liquid-liquid-phase-separation (LLPS)-related RNAs, diverse transcription factors, and hominid-specific miRNAs and lncRNAs. Gene expression networks associated with human personality regulate neuronal plasticity, epigenesis, and adaptive functioning by the interactions of salience and meaning in self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Del Val
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Díaz de la Guardia-Bolívar
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
| | - Igor Zwir
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alberto Mesa
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramiro Salas
- The Menninger Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, and DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gabriel de Erausquin
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Center for Population Health Research; University of Turku, Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Vilnite FM, Marnauza M. Repetition and practice. Developing mental training with young violinists: a collaboration. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1327763. [PMID: 38449761 PMCID: PMC10915241 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1327763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental training has been used successfully by professional musicians and athletes, yet rarely applied in pedagogical processes. As research in neuroscience can now explain how it connects to the processes of learning, its application and adaptation in pedagogy can now be explored. The aim of this mixed methods study was to investigate concepts of repetition and practice with mental training, and discuss adaptations for young violinists, to include attention, awareness, and creative musicality. Three exercises were developed with nine students (average age 8). The first involved creation of imagery, followed by physical practice; the second alternated mental imagery with physical practice; the third involved concurrent use of physical practice and mental imagery. Results of the first exercise indicate heightened awareness of technical skill; self-discovery of bow control, speed and distribution, tone production improvements and an ability to sustain longer notes post-mental training (Z = -2.666, p = 0.008 and Z = -2.670, p = 0.008). Observations from the second and third exercises include student experimentation with concepts of musical interpretation, an eagerness to repeat repertoire (≥ 5 times) and increased self-awareness of technical and musical accomplishments. The research suggests that mental training can be adapted for younger learners, that it encourages collaboration in the pedagogical process, and develops student self-awareness of the cognitive and physical processes of violin playing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Mary Vilnite
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Prystauka Y, DeLuca V, Luque A, Voits T, Rothman J. Cognitive Neuroscience Perspectives on Language Acquisition and Processing. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1613. [PMID: 38137061 PMCID: PMC10741862 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The earliest investigations of the neural implementation of language started with examining patients with various types of disorders and underlying brain damage [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Prystauka
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (V.D.); (T.V.); (J.R.)
- Department of Foreign Languages and Translation, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Vincent DeLuca
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (V.D.); (T.V.); (J.R.)
| | - Alicia Luque
- Nebrija Research Center in Cognition, Nebrija University, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Applied Language Studies, Nebrija University, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Toms Voits
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (V.D.); (T.V.); (J.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jason Rothman
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (V.D.); (T.V.); (J.R.)
- Nebrija Research Center in Cognition, Nebrija University, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
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Huang Y, Huang J, Li L, Lin T, Zou L. Neural network of metaphor comprehension: an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10918-10930. [PMID: 37718244 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehension of metaphor, a vivid and figurative language, is a complex endeavor requiring cooperation among multiple cognitive systems. There are still many important questions regarding neural mechanisms implicated in specific types of metaphor. To address these questions, we conducted activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses on 30 studies (containing data of 480 participants) and meta-analytic connectivity modeling analyses. First, the results showed that metaphor comprehension engaged the inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and middle occipital gyrus-all in the left hemisphere. In addition to the commonly reported networks of language and attention, metaphor comprehension engaged networks of visual. Second, sub-analysis showed that the contextual complexity can modulate figurativeness, with the convergence on the left fusiform gyrus during metaphor comprehension at discourse-level. Especially, right hemisphere only showed convergence in studies of novel metaphors, suggesting that the right hemisphere is more associated with difficulty than metaphorical. The work here extends knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying metaphor comprehension in individual brain regions and neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Le Li
- Center for the Cognitive Science of Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Laiquan Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Moisseinen N, Särkämö T, Kauramäki J, Kleber B, Sihvonen AJ, Martínez-Molina N. Differential effects of ageing on the neural processing of speech and singing production. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1236971. [PMID: 37731954 PMCID: PMC10507273 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1236971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding healthy brain ageing has become vital as populations are ageing rapidly and age-related brain diseases are becoming more common. In normal brain ageing, speech processing undergoes functional reorganisation involving reductions of hemispheric asymmetry and overactivation in the prefrontal regions. However, little is known about how these changes generalise to other vocal production, such as singing, and how they are affected by associated cognitive demands. Methods The present cross-sectional fMRI study systematically maps the neural correlates of vocal production across adulthood (N=100, age 21-88 years) using a balanced 2x3 design where tasks varied in modality (speech: proverbs / singing: song phrases) and cognitive demand (repetition / completion from memory / improvisation). Results In speech production, ageing was associated with decreased left pre- and postcentral activation across tasks and increased bilateral angular and right inferior temporal and fusiform activation in the improvisation task. In singing production, ageing was associated with increased activation in medial and bilateral prefrontal and parietal regions in the completion task, whereas other tasks showed no ageing effects. Direct comparisons between the modalities showed larger age-related activation changes in speech than singing across tasks, including a larger left-to-right shift in lateral prefrontal regions in the improvisation task. Conclusion The present results suggest that the brains' singing network undergoes differential functional reorganisation in normal ageing compared to the speech network, particularly during a task with high executive demand. These findings are relevant for understanding the effects of ageing on vocal production as well as how singing can support communication in healthy ageing and neurological rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Moisseinen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and the Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and the Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kauramäki
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and the Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Boris Kleber
- Centre for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aleksi J. Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and the Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noelia Martínez-Molina
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and the Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Centre for Brain and Cognition, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Phani Krishna P, Arulmozi S, Male SR, Mishra RK. Are Older Bilinguals' Better in Metaphor Generation? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2023; 52:1183-1204. [PMID: 36715812 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-022-09929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metaphor, as widely known, is a figure of speech where a word or phrase is used to describe an object, action, or event to which it cannot be applied exactly. Metaphors are often used figuratively to enable clarity or emphasize the similarities between the two things in a frame. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive functions and generating metaphor and their associations in older bilingual and monolingual participants. We conducted the experiment with fifty-six (Bilingual and Monolingual) participants in the age group ranging from 50 to 65 years. We administered the novel and conventional metaphor generation task based on vision words in perceptual domain in Telugu. Followed by a battery of cognitive function tests: Flanker task to study the attention, Semantic Fluency task, Corsi task to check working memory, LexTALE to measure the vocabulary, and a language questionnaire. These tasks are used to investigate the association and correlation between the old age bilingual and monolingual in generating vision metaphors. The current study's findings demonstrate that bilinguals have a considerable advantage in cognitive function and their ability to generate novel metaphors are better when compared to monolinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Phani Krishna
- Department of Linguistics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - S Arulmozi
- Centre for Applied Linguistics, Translation Studies, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Shiva Ram Male
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Perchtold-Stefan CM, Rominger C, Papousek I, Fink A. Functional EEG Alpha Activation Patterns During Malevolent Creativity. Neuroscience 2023; 522:98-108. [PMID: 37178782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
On the dark side of creativity, creative ideation is intentionally used to damage others. This first EEG study on malevolent creativity investigated task-related power (TRP) changes in the alpha band while n = 89 participants (52 women, 37 men) generated original ideas for revenge in the psychometric Malevolent Creativity Test. TRP changes were assessed for different stages of the idea generation process and linked to performance indicators of malevolent creativity. This study revealed three crucial findings: 1) Malevolent creativity yielded topographically distinct alpha power increases similar to conventional creative ideation. 2) Time-related activity changes during malevolent creative ideation were reflected in early prefrontal and mid-stage temporal alpha power increases in individuals with higher malevolent creativity performance. This performance-related, time-sensitive pattern of TRP changes during malevolent creativity may reflect early conceptual expansion from prosocial to antisocial perspectives, and subsequent inhibition of dominant semantic associations in favor of novel revenge ideas. 3) The observed, right-lateralized alpha power increases over the entire ideation phase may denote an additional emotional load of creative ideation. Our study highlights the seminal role of EEG alpha oscillations as a biomarker for creativity, also when creative processes operate in a malevolent context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilona Papousek
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Fink
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Heo J, Yi K, Hong J, Kim C. The role of the prefrontal cortex in semantic control for selecting weakly associated meanings in creative idea generation. Neurosci Lett 2023; 802:137177. [PMID: 36907264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Although semantic control is known to play a critical role in selecting weakly associated representations for creative idea generation, direct evidence for this is still lacking. The current study aimed to reveal the role of brain regions, including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), medial frontal gyrus (MFG), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), previously reported to be associated with creative idea generation. For this purpose, a functional MRI experiment with a newly developed category judgment task was conducted, which required participants to judge whether two words belonged to the same category. Importantly, weakly associated meanings were manipulated by the task condition, which required selecting an unused meaning of the homonym in a preceding semantic context. The results showed that the selection of a weakly associated meaning for a homonym was associated with an increased activation of the IFG and MFG and a decreased activation of the IPL. These results suggest that IFG and MFG contribute to semantic control processes recruited for the selection of weakly associated meanings and self-guided retrieval, whereas IPL appears to be unrelated to the control demand for creative idea generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Heo
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Kyongmyon Yi
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Hong
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Chobok Kim
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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Chen Q, He R, Sun J, Ding K, Wang X, He L, Zhuang K, Lloyd-Cox J, Qiu J. Common brain activation and connectivity patterns supporting the generation of creative uses and creative metaphors. Neuropsychologia 2023; 181:108487. [PMID: 36669695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies and reviews suggest that creative thinking is at least partly a domain-general cognitive ability, dependent on consistent patterns of brain activity including co-activation of the executive control and default mode networks. However, the degree to which the generation of ideas in different creative tasks relies on common brain activity remains unknown. In this fMRI study, participants were asked to generate creative ideas in both a uses generation task and a metaphor production task. Whole-brain analysis showed that generation of creative uses (relative to conventional uses) activated the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), medial prefrontal cortex, left supplementary motor area, left angular gyrus (AG), left thalamus, and bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe. The generation of creative metaphors (relative to conventional metaphors) activated dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and left AG. Importantly, regions active in both creative use and creative metaphor generation included the dmPFC and left AG. Psycho-physiological interactions analysis showed that the left AG was positively connected to the right precentral gyrus, and the dmPFC to the left IFG in both creative tasks. Our findings provide evidence that the generation of creative ideas relies on a core creative network related to remote semantic association-making and conceptual integration, offering new insight into the domain-general mechanisms underlying creative thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunlin Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ruizhi He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangzhou Sun
- College of International Studies, Southwest University, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Li He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - James Lloyd-Cox
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, China
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12
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Agnoli S, Mastria S, Zanon M, Corazza GE. Dopamine supports idea originality: the role of spontaneous eye blink rate on divergent thinking. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:17-27. [PMID: 35141768 PMCID: PMC9873774 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a crucial role in human creative behaviour. Specifically, striatal dopamine seems to be associated with specific dimensions of divergent thinking performance, especially with categorical diversity (flexibility) of ideas. In experimental contexts, spontaneous Eye Blink Rate (sEBR) has been used as a proxy for striatal dopamine, and an inverted U-shape relationship between sEBR and flexibility has been demonstrated, such that a medium sEBR level predicts highest flexibility levels. The present study aimed at carrying out further investigations about the relationship between sEBR and idea generation through divergent thinking, specifically focusing on the relationship between idea originality and dopamine level, since originality is a key element for creativity. We asked 80 participants, whose sEBR at rest was measured, to perform an Alternative Uses Task (AUT) to measure their divergent thinking performance. Results revealed that the relationship between sEBR and originality, as measured through subjective ratings of external raters, followed an inverted U-shape function with medium sEBR being associated with highest originality scores. Moreover, and most importantly, we demonstrated that sEBR predicted originality through the mediation of flexibility. Our results provide further insights on the possible role of dopamine on divergent thinking performance, demonstrating that an adequate dopamine level may facilitate the generation of original ideas through the exploration of diverse conceptual categories (higher flexibility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Agnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy.
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy.
| | - Serena Mastria
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Zanon
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati, SISSA, Trieste, Italy, Via Bonomea, 265, 34136
| | - Giovanni Emanuele Corazza
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Université de Paris and Univ Gustave Eiffel, LaPEA, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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13
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Liu D, Hao L, Han L, Zhou Y, Qin S, Niki K, Shen W, Shi B, Luo J. The optimal balance of controlled and spontaneous processing in insight problem solving: fMRI evidence from Chinese idiom guessing. Psychophysiology 2023:e14240. [PMID: 36651323 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive control is a key factor in insight generation. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the generation of insight for different cognitive control remain poorly understood. This study developed a parametric fMRI design, wherein hints for solving Chinese idiom riddles were gradually provided in a stepwise manner (from the first hint, H1, to the final hint, H4). By classifying the step-specific items solved in different hint-uncovering steps/conditions, we could identify insightful responses for different levels of spontaneous or controlled processing. At the behavioral level, the number of insightful problem solving trials reached the maximum at a intermediate level of the cognitively controlled processing and the spontaneously idea generating in H3, while the bilateral insular cortex and thalamus showed the robust engagement, implying the function of these regions in making the optimal balance between external hint processing and internal generated ideas. In addition, we identified brain areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), angular gyrus (AG), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and precuneus (PreC), whose activities were parametrically increased with the levels of controlled (from H1 to H4) insightful processing which were increasingly produced by the sequentially revealed hints. Further representational similarity analysis (RSA) found that spontaneous processing in insight featured greater within-condition representational variabilities in widely distributed regions in the executive, salience, and default networks. Altogether, the present study provided new evidence for the relationship between the process of cognitive control and that of spontaneous idea generation in insight problem solving and demystified the function of the insula and thalamus as an interactive interface for the optimal balance of these two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition & School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hao
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition & School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhisa Niki
- Human Informatics Research Institute, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,Keio University Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoguo Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition & School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition & School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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14
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Liu TH, Lai CH, Chou TL. The neurocognitive basis of Chinese idiomatic constructions and processing differences between native speakers and L2 learners of Mandarin. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1112611. [PMID: 36910827 PMCID: PMC9996060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic linguistic analyses assume that syntax is the center of linguistic system. Under this assumption, a finite set of rules can produce an infinite number of sentences. By contrast, construction grammar posits that grammar emerges from language use. Chinese quadrisyllabic idiomatic expressions (QIEs) offer a testing ground for this theoretical construct owing to their high productivity. To understand the cognitive processing of structure and meaning during reading comprehension, we used a semantic judgment task to measure behavioral performance and brain activation (functional MRI). Participants were 19 Mandarin native speakers and 19 L2 learners of intermediate and advanced levels of Mandarin. In the task, participants were instructed to indicate whether the interpretation of a QIE was correct. Our behavioral results showed that L2 learners processed high frequency QIEs faster than low frequency ones. By contrast, low frequency QIEs were processed faster than high frequency ones by native speakers. This phenomenon may be attributed to semantic satiation which impedes the interpretation of high frequency QIEs. To unravel the puzzle, a further functional MRI experiment on native speakers was conducted. The results revealed that the comparison of high-frequency and low-frequency QIEs promoted significant anterior cingulate activation. Also, the comparison of idiomatic and pseudo-idiomatic constructions exhibited significant activation in the bilateral temporal poles, a region that computes semantics rather than syntactic structure. This result indicated that, for native speakers, processing Chinese idiomatic constructions is a conceptually driven process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsin Liu
- Graduate Program of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ho Lai
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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He R, Zhuang K, Liu L, Ding K, Wang X, Fu L, Qiu J, Chen Q. The impact of knowledge on poetry composition: An fMRI investigation. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 235:105202. [PMID: 36399814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poetry composition is an ecologically valid approach for investigating creative processes. However, little is known about how the brain creates poetry and about the role of knowledge during poetry composition. Here, we identified patterns of task-based functional connectivity during poetry composition by experts and novices under two experimental conditions (familiar vs unfamiliar themes) and one control condition. Poetry composition was related to large-scale network connectivity between the language network (LN) and the right executive control network (RECN), precuneus, and higher visual network. Under familiar themes, poetry composition recruited more functional connections between the RECN and default mode network, whereas using unfamiliar themes elicited more functional connections between sensorimotor and visual networks. Moreover, the strength of LN-RECN is positively correlated with originality in the familiar condition, while negatively correlated with originality in the unfamiliar condition. These results reveal the brain connectivity patterns and highlight the importance of knowledge underlying poetry composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, China; Key Laboratory Of Child Cognition & Behavior Development Of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, China.
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Stephan E, Shidlovski D, Shanetzki M, Agajany K, Mashal N. The role of vividness of imagery in metaphor generation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stephan
- Department of Psychology Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | | | - Maya Shanetzki
- Department of Psychology Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Karin Agajany
- Department of Psychology Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Nira Mashal
- Faculty of Education Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
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17
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Kuang C, Chen J, Chen J, Shi Y, Huang H, Jiao B, Lin Q, Rao Y, Liu W, Zhu Y, Mo L, Ma L, Lin J. Uncovering neural distinctions and commodities between two creativity subsets: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies in divergent thinking and insight using activation likelihood estimation. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4864-4885. [PMID: 35906880 PMCID: PMC9582370 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual‐process theory that two different systems of thought coexist in creative thinking has attracted considerable attention. In the field of creative thinking, divergent thinking (DT) is the ability to produce multiple solutions to open‐ended problems in a short time. It is mainly considered an associative and fast process. Meanwhile, insight, the new and unexpected comprehension of close‐ended problems, is frequently marked as a deliberate and time‐consuming thinking process requiring concentrated effort. Previous research has been dedicated to revealing their separate neural mechanisms, while few studies have compared their differences and similarities at the brain level. Therefore, the current study applied Activation Likelihood Estimation to decipher common and distinctive neural pathways that potentially underlie DT and insight. We selected 27 DT studies and 30 insight studies for retrospective meta‐analyses. Initially, two single analyses with follow‐up contrast and conjunction analyses were performed. The single analyses showed that DT mainly involved the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), cuneus, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), while the precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), parahippocampal gyrus (PG), amygdala (AMG), and superior parietal lobe were engaged in insight. Compared to insight, DT mainly led to greater activation in the IPL, the crucial part of the default mode network. However, insight caused more significant activation in regions related to executive control functions and emotional responses, such as the IFG, MFG, PG, and AMG. Notably, the conjunction analysis detected no overlapped areas between DT and insight. These neural findings implicate that various neurocognitive circuits may support DT and insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Kuang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingqing Jiao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Rao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,UMR 5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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18
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Li Y, Lu X, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y. Is the Processing of Chinese Verbal Metaphors Simulated or Abstracted? Evidence From an ERP Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:877997. [PMID: 35911040 PMCID: PMC9328078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of embodied semantics holds that verbal metaphors are strongly grounded in sensorimotor experience. Many studies have proven that besides sensorimotor simulation, the comprehension of verbal metaphors also requires semantic abstraction. But the interaction between simulation and abstraction, as well as the time course of metaphorical meaning integration, is not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether embodiment or abstraction, or both, is employed in the processing of Chinese verbal metaphor. Participants were asked to read subject-verb metaphorical, verb-object metaphorical, literal-concrete and literal-abstract sentences, and the target words were measured at the verb and the object of each sentence. The results revealed that a similar N400 effect was elicited by the target verbs in the verb-object metaphorical and the literal-concrete sentences, and a similar P600/LPC effect was induced by the target verbs in the subject-verb metaphorical and the literal-abstract sentences, reflecting that the verb-object metaphors trigger a simulation process, while the subject-verb metaphors trigger an abstraction process in the verb processing stage. Moreover, the subject-verb metaphors elicited a stronger P600/LPC effect by the target verbs than the verb-object metaphors, but there was no difference of the P600/LPC caused by the target objects between the two kinds of metaphors, revealing that the metaphorical meaning of a subject-verb metaphor is integrated in the verb processing stage, while that of a verb-object metaphor is reanalyzed in the object processing stage. These results suggest that a verbal metaphor is processed both by simulation and abstraction, and the metaphorical meaning is integrated immediately with the unfolding of the sentence meaning. The position where the semantic conflict lies in a sentence (verb vs. object) modulates the time course of metaphor sentence comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- School of International Studies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Wang,
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19
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Mancuso L, Cavuoti-Cabanillas S, Liloia D, Manuello J, Buzi G, Cauda F, Costa T. Tasks activating the default mode network map multiple functional systems. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1711-1734. [PMID: 35179638 PMCID: PMC9098625 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in network neuroscience suggest reconsidering what we thought we knew about the default mode network (DMN). Although this network has always been seen as unitary and associated with the resting state, a new deconstructive line of research is pointing out that the DMN could be divided into multiple subsystems supporting different functions. By now, it is well known that the DMN is not only deactivated by tasks, but also involved in affective, mnestic, and social paradigms, among others. Nonetheless, it is starting to become clear that the array of activities in which it is involved, might also be extended to more extrinsic functions. The present meta-analytic study is meant to push this boundary a bit further. The BrainMap database was searched for all experimental paradigms activating the DMN, and their activation likelihood estimation maps were then computed. An additional map of task-induced deactivations was also created. A multidimensional scaling indicated that such maps could be arranged along an anatomo-psychological gradient, which goes from midline core activations, associated with the most internal functions, to that of lateral cortices, involved in more external tasks. Further multivariate investigations suggested that such extrinsic mode is especially related to reward, semantic, and emotional functions. However, an important finding was that the various activation maps were often different from the canonical representation of the resting-state DMN, sometimes overlapping with it only in some peripheral nodes, and including external regions such as the insula. Altogether, our findings suggest that the intrinsic-extrinsic opposition may be better understood in the form of a continuous scale, rather than a dichotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mancuso
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Donato Liloia
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Buzi
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cauda
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy.
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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20
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Yin CH, Yang FPG. The Effects of Working Memory Capacity in Metaphor and Metonymy Comprehension in Mandarin-English Bilinguals’ Minds: An fMRI Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050633. [PMID: 35625020 PMCID: PMC9139067 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of working memory capacity (WMC) in metaphoric and metonymic processing in Mandarin–English bilinguals’ minds. It also explored the neural correlations between metaphor and metonymy computations. We adopted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, which consisted of 21 English dialogic sets of stimuli and 5 conditions: systematic literal, circumstantial literal, metaphor, systematic metonymy, and circumstantial metonymy, all contextualized in daily conversations. Similar fronto-temporal networks were found for the figurative language processing patterns: the superior temporal gyrus (STG) for metaphorical comprehension, and the inferior parietal junction (IPJ) for metonymic processing. Consistent brain regions have been identified in previous studies in the homologue right hemisphere of better WMC bilinguals. The degree to which bilateral strategies that bilinguals with better WMC or larger vocabulary size resort to is differently modulated by subtypes of metonymies. In particular, when processing circumstantial metonymy, the cuneus (where putamen is contained) is activated as higher-span bilinguals filter out irrelevant information, resorting to inhibitory control use. Cingulate gyrus activation has also been revealed in better WMC bilinguals, reflecting their mental flexibility to adopt the subjective perspective of critical figurative items with self-control. It is hoped that this research provides a better understanding of Mandarin–English bilinguals’ English metaphoric and metonymic processing in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Yin
- Department of Teaching and Learning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Fan-Pei Gloria Yang
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Center for Cognition and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence:
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21
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Lin J, Chen Y, Xie J, Mo L. Altered Brain Connectivity Patterns of Individual Differences in Insightful Problem Solving. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:905806. [PMID: 35645749 PMCID: PMC9130958 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.905806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insightful problem solving (IPS) attracts widespread attention in creative thinking domains. However, the neural underpinnings of individual differences in IPS are still unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate inherent full-brain connectivity patterns at voxel-level in IPS. Sixty-two healthy participants were enrolled in the study. We used a voxelwise full-brain network measurement, degree centrality (DC), to depict the characteristics of cerebral network involved in individual differences in IPS. For each participant, we employed a chunk decomposition paradigm, using Mandarin characters as stimuli, to estimate the individual differences in IPS. Results showed that DC in the inferior frontal gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus positively correlated with IPS, while the anterior cingulate cortex, and the brainstern/cerebellum/thalamus exhibited negative correlations with IPS. Using each cluster above as a seed, we performed seed-based functional connectivity analysis further. Results showed that IPS was mainly involved in the default mode network, containing the key regions of precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex. All in all, this research may shed new lights on understanding the neural underpinnings of individual differences in IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Yajue Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiushu Xie
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Mo,
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22
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Lin J, Chen Y, Xie J, Cheng Q, Zou M, Mo L. Brain Structural Correlates of Dispositional Insight and the Mediation Role of Neuroticism in Young Adults. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:846377. [PMID: 35493951 PMCID: PMC9051366 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.846377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the neural correlates of episodic insight have made significant progress in the past decades. However, the neural mechanisms underlying dispositional insight are largely unknown. In the present study, we recruited forty-four young, healthy adults and performed several analyses to reveal the neural mechanisms of dispositional insight. Firstly, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technique was used to explore the structural brain mechanisms of dispositional insight. We found that dispositional insight was significantly and negatively correlated with the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the left thalamus (TLM.L), right temporoparietal junction (TPJ.R), and left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC.L). Secondly, we performed a seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis to complement the findings of VBM analysis further. The brain regions of TLM.L, DMPFC.L, and TPJ.R were selected as seed regions. We found that dispositional insight was associated with altered RSFC between the DMPFC.L and bilateral TPJ, between the TPJ.R and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, DMPFC.L, TPJ.L, right insula, and right cerebellum. Finally, a mediation analysis found that the personality of neuroticism partially mediated the relationship between the brain region of TLM.L and dispositional insight. These findings imply that dispositional insight has a specific functional and structural neural mechanism. The personality of neuroticism may play a pivotal role in the processes of dispositional insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajue Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiushu Xie
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuping Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Mo,
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23
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Li X, Li Y, Wang X, Bai H, Deng W, Cai N, Hu W. Neural mechanisms underlying the influence of retrieval ability on creating and recalling creative ideas. Neuropsychologia 2022; 171:108239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Wu CL. Brain Network Associated with Three Types of Remote Associations: Graph Theory Analysis. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2022.2048229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Koller S, Müller N, Kauschke C. The Elephant in the Room: A Systematic Review of Stimulus Control in Neuro-Measurement Studies on Figurative Language Processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:791374. [PMID: 35126074 PMCID: PMC8814624 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.791374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of metaphors and idioms has been the subject of neuroscientific research for several decades. However, results are often contradictory, which can be traced back to inconsistent terminology and stimulus control. In this systematic review of research methods, we analyse linguistic aspects of 116 research papers which used EEG, fMRI, PET, MEG, or NIRS to investigate the neural processing of the two figurative subtypes metaphor and idiom. We critically examine the theoretical foundations as well as stimulus control by performing a systematic literature synthesis according to the PRISMA guidelines. We explicitly do not analyse the findings of the studies but instead focus on four primary aspects: definitions of figurative language and its subtypes, linguistic theory behind the studies, control for factors influencing figurative language processing, and the relationship between theoretical and operational definitions. We found both a lack and a broad variety in existing definitions and operationalisation, especially in regard to familiarity and conventionality. We identify severe obstacles in the comparability and validation potential of the results of the papers in our review corpus. We propose the development of a consensus in fundamental terminology and more transparency in the reporting of stimulus design in the research on figurative language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Müller
- Department of German Studies and Arts, Institute of German Linguistics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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26
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Daniel Arzate-Mena J, Abela E, Olguín-Rodríguez PV, Ríos-Herrera W, Alcauter S, Schindler K, Wiest R, Müller MF, Rummel C. Stationary EEG pattern relates to large-scale resting state networks - An EEG-fMRI study connecting brain networks across time-scales. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118763. [PMID: 34863961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Relating brain dynamics acting on time scales that differ by at least an order of magnitude is a fundamental issue in brain research. The same is true for the observation of stable dynamical structures in otherwise highly non-stationary signals. The present study addresses both problems by the analysis of simultaneous resting state EEG-fMRI recordings of 53 patients with epilepsy. Confirming previous findings, we observe a generic and temporally stable average correlation pattern in EEG recordings. We design a predictor for the General Linear Model describing fluctuations around the stationary EEG correlation pattern and detect resting state networks in fMRI data. The acquired statistical maps are contrasted to several surrogate tests and compared with maps derived by spatial Independent Component Analysis of the fMRI data. By means of the proposed EEG-predictor we observe core nodes of known fMRI resting state networks with high specificity in the default mode, the executive control and the salience network. Our results suggest that both, the stationary EEG pattern as well as resting state fMRI networks are different expressions of the same brain activity. This activity is interpreted as the dynamics on (or close to) a stable attractor in phase space that is necessary to maintain the brain in an efficient operational mode. We discuss that this interpretation is congruent with the theoretical framework of complex systems as well as with the brain's energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Arzate-Mena
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos,Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Abela
- Center for Neuropsychiatrics, Psychiatric Services Aargau AG, Windisch, Switzerland
| | | | - Wady Ríos-Herrera
- Facultad de Psicología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universisdad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Kaspar Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus F Müller
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universisdad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; Centro Internacional de Ciencias A. C., Cuernavaca, México
| | - Christian Rummel
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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27
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Sun J, He L, Chen Q, Yang W, Wei D, Qiu J. The bright side and dark side of daydreaming predict creativity together through brain functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:902-914. [PMID: 34676650 PMCID: PMC8764487 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Daydreaming and creativity have similar cognitive processes and neural basis. However, few empirical studies have examined the relationship between daydreaming and creativity using cognitive neuroscience methods. The present study explored the relationship between different types of daydreaming and creativity and their common neural basis. The behavioral results revealed that positive constructive daydreaming is positively related to creativity, while poor attentional control is negatively related to it. Machine learning framework was adopted to examine the predictive effect of daydreaming-related brain functional connectivity (FC) on creativity. The results demonstrated that task FCs related to positive constructive daydreaming and task FCs related to poor attentional control both predicted an individual's creativity score successfully. In addition, task FCs combining the positive constructive daydreaming and poor attentional control also had significant predictive effect on creativity score. Furthermore, predictive analysis based on resting-state FCs showed similar patterns. Both of the subscale-related FCs and combined FCs had significant predictive effect on creativity score. Further analysis showed the task and the resting-state FCs both mainly located in the default mode network, central executive network, salience network, and attention network. These results showed that daydreaming was closely related to creativity, as they shared common FC basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Sun
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China of Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of EducationChongqingChina
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of EducationChongqingChina
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of EducationChongqingChina
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of EducationChongqingChina
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of EducationChongqingChina
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of EducationChongqingChina
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
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28
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Wu CL, Chan YC, Chen HC. Neurocognitive Mechanism of Remote and Close Associations: An fMRI Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.134.3.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Remote association is the ability to combine seemingly unrelated components into new concepts and is evaluated via the Remote Associates Test (RAT). The RAT has generally been used to examine brain activation during insight problem solving but not remote association. Moreover, little is known about the neural correlates of remote association and close association. To address this issue, we used the associative distance in the development of the RAT and designed remote associated items and close associated items. We collected brain images during observation of remote and close associated items from 30 adult participants and analyzed the activation of brain regions involved in remote and close associations. The results showed that processing of remote and close association occurred in the posterior cingulate cortex. After controlling for the influence of other associations, we found that the rostromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus were involved exclusively in remote association. These results showed that remote association has conjunctive and disjunctive neurocognitive mechanisms. Our results contribute to the understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms of different associations and provide empirical support for the associative theory of creativity.
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29
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Wu CL, Chen HC. Visual-Spatial and Verbal Remote Association: An fMRI Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:672997. [PMID: 34447330 PMCID: PMC8382957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although idea connections at verbal and conceptual levels have been explored by remote associates tests, the visual-spatial level is much less researched. This study investigated the visual-spatial ability via Chinese Radical Remote Associates Test (CRRAT), wherein respondents consider the positions of the stimulus and target Chinese radicals. Chinese Compound Remote Associates Test (CCRAT) questions also feature stimuli of a single Chinese character; therefore, it was adopted for comparison to distinguish the roles played by verbal and visual-spatial associations in a remote associative process. Thirty-six adults responded to CRRAT and CCRAT; their brain activities were analyzed. Upon excluding the influence of age, verbal comprehension, and working memory, it was found that the caudate, posterior cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, and medial frontal gyrus were activated when the respondents answered CCRAT, but only the caudate showed significant activation when they answered CRRAT. The Chinese radical remote association minus the Chinese compound remote association showed that the middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus demonstrated significant activation. Therefore, this study demonstrated differences in brain mechanisms between visual-spatial and verbal remote associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lin Wu
- Program of Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chih Chen
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chinese Language and Technology Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Subcortical structures and visual divergent thinking: a resting-state functional MRI analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2617-2627. [PMID: 34342689 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have found that a few, specific subcortical regions are involved in creative visual divergent thinking. In addition, creative thinking is heavily reliant on the fronto-striatal dopaminergic pathways. This study aimed to explore whether spontaneous fluctuations in the subcortex, which contribute to our creative abilities, showed significant differences between individuals with different levels of creativity based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We calculated subcortical regions' seed-wise and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), and then examined the differences between the high and low visual creativity groups. Furthermore, the topological properties of the subcortical network were measured, and their relationship with creative visual divergent thinking was calculated using brain-behavior correlation analyses. The results showed that functional connectivity (FC) between the putamen, pallidum, and thalamus indicated group differences within the subcortex. Whole-brain FC results showed group differences across subcortical (i.e., the thalamus and pallidum) and cerebral regions (i.e., the insula, middle frontal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus). In addition, subcortical FC demonstrated a positive correlation with visual divergent thinking scores across the pallidum, putamen, and thalamus. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between visual divergent thinking and the activities of the subcortex. It is likely that not only fronto-striatal dopaminergic pathways, but also "motor" pathways, are involved in creative visual divergent thinking processing.
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31
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Yu F, Zhang J, Luo J, Zhang W. Enhanced insightfulness and neural activation induced by metaphorical solutions to appropriate mental distress problems. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13886. [PMID: 34173239 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the neural correlates of novelty and appropriateness of creative insight during cognitive tasks have been investigated in several studies, they have not been examined during mental distress in a psychotherapeutic setting. This study aimed to reveal the promoting effects of novelty and appropriateness processing on therapeutic insight in a micro-psychotherapeutic setting. We examined the effects of appropriateness (between-subject factor: appropriateness group, 20 participants; inappropriateness group, 21 participants) by manipulating the preceding negative scenarios that either fit or did not fit the subsequent solutions, and those of novelty (within-subject factor) by varying the linguistic expressions for describing solutions (metaphorical, literal, or problem-restatement). Event-related functional magnetic resonance images were collected. We found the following effects: an interactive effect of the two factors on insightfulness and activation in the bilateral hippocampus and amygdala, right superior frontal gyrus, and left superior/middle temporal gyrus; a simple effect of novelty on activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and inferior/middle occipital gyrus; and a simple effect of appropriateness on activation in the left inferior parietal lobule. Our findings indicate that solutions with high novelty and appropriateness generate the highest levels of therapeutic insightfulness as well as the strongest activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, which may be involved in episodic memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, P.R.China.,Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, P.R.China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, P.R.China
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32
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Abstract
Many traditional measures of creativity require time-intensive and subjective scoring procedures. Their scores are relative to the specific sample, which makes multicultural or international assessments difficult. Our results show that a shorter and simpler task with automatic and objective scoring may be at least as reliable at measuring verbal creativity. This finding enables assessments across larger and more diverse samples with less bias. Several theories posit that creative people are able to generate more divergent ideas. If this is correct, simply naming unrelated words and then measuring the semantic distance between them could serve as an objective measure of divergent thinking. To test this hypothesis, we asked 8,914 participants to name 10 words that are as different from each other as possible. A computational algorithm then estimated the average semantic distance between the words; related words (e.g., cat and dog) have shorter distances than unrelated ones (e.g., cat and thimble). We predicted that people producing greater semantic distances would also score higher on traditional creativity measures. In Study 1, we found moderate to strong correlations between semantic distance and two widely used creativity measures (the Alternative Uses Task and the Bridge-the-Associative-Gap Task). In Study 2, with participants from 98 countries, semantic distances varied only slightly by basic demographic variables. There was also a positive correlation between semantic distance and performance on a range of problems known to predict creativity. Overall, semantic distance correlated at least as strongly with established creativity measures as those measures did with each other. Naming unrelated words in what we call the Divergent Association Task can thus serve as a brief, reliable, and objective measure of divergent thinking.
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33
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Shi L, Beaty RE, Chen Q, Sun J, Wei D, Yang W, Qiu J. Brain Entropy is Associated with Divergent Thinking. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:708-717. [PMID: 31233102 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is the ability to generate original and useful products, and it is considered central to the progression of human civilization. As a noninherited emerging process, creativity may stem from temporally dynamic brain activity, which, however, has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to measure brain dynamics using entropy and to examine the associations between brain entropy (BEN) and divergent thinking in a large healthy sample. The results showed that divergent thinking was consistently positively correlated with regional BEN in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/pre-supplementary motor area and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, suggesting that creativity is closely related to the functional dynamics of the control networks involved in cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. Importantly, our main results were cross-validated in two independent cohorts from two different cultures. Additionally, three dimensions of divergent thinking (fluency, flexibility, and originality) were positively correlated with regional BEN in the left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus, suggesting that more highly creative individuals possess more flexible semantic associative networks. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence of the associations of regional BEN with individual variations in divergent thinking and show that BEN is sensitive to detecting variations in important cognitive abilities in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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34
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A comprehensive approach to study the resting-state brain network related to creative potential. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1743-1753. [PMID: 33963459 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies related to creativity generally investigate cognition and brain functioning linked to creative achievement. However, this approach does not allow characterization of creative potential. To better define creative potential, we studied cognitive function related to creative processes and the associated brain resting functional connectivity. Therefore, in this pilot study, we constructed a cognitive functioning model via structural equation modeling assuming an influence of working memory (WM) and analytical thinking on creativity assessed by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. On the basis of this model, we differentiated two groups with different functioning levels on the basis of their creative score. We identified one group as the high-creative potential group, with a positive correlation between WM and creativity and a negative correlation between analytical thinking and creativity. The other group was the low-creative potential group, with no correlation between WM and creativity and a negative correlation between analytical thinking and creativity. Then, we examined brain functional connectivity at rest and found that the high-creative potential group had increased connectivity in the attentional network (AN) and default-mode network (DMN) and decreased connectivity in the salience network (SN). Our findings highlight the involvement of the AN. We, therefore, linked this network to creative potential, which is consistent with cognitive theories suggesting that creativity is underpinned by attentional processes.
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35
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Deckert M, Schmoeger M, Geist M, Wertgen S, Willinger U. Electrophysiological correlates of conventional metaphor, irony, and literal language processing - An event-related potentials and eLORETA study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 215:104930. [PMID: 33631658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional metaphor, irony, and literal language processing were compared. Thirty right-handed participants (21-34 years) performed a sequential-statement ERP-paradigm. A left-frontal Late Anterior Negative Slow Wave (LANSW, 450-1000 ms) was significantly greater for metaphors and by visual tendency greater for irony, compared to literal statements. A centroparietal N400 (300-450 ms) and a centroparietal right-dominant "Late N400" (450-600 ms) were by statistical and visual tendency greater for metaphors. Left PCC and left lingual gyrus activity was significantly higher in metaphors compared to literal statements (eLORETA; 450-1000 ms). A statistical trend indicated higher parahippocampal gyrus activity in metaphors and ironies. N400 results are discussed considering changing processing techniques and a renewed semantic conflict. The Late N400 was associated with the construct of "associativeness". The LANSW was related to metaphorical mapping, frame-shifting processes, integration of meanings, and memory processes. eLORETA results were discussed considering metaphorical mapping, creation of mental images, conventionality, valence, memory processes, and divergent thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Deckert
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michaela Schmoeger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Max Geist
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sarah Wertgen
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ulrike Willinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Patil AU, Madathil D, Huang CM. Healthy Aging Alters the Functional Connectivity of Creative Cognition in the Default Mode Network and Cerebellar Network. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:607988. [PMID: 33679372 PMCID: PMC7929978 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.607988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creativity is a higher-order neurocognitive process that produces unusual and unique thoughts. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies of younger adults have revealed that creative performance is the product of dynamic and spontaneous processes involving multiple cognitive functions and interactions between large-scale brain networks, including the default mode network (DMN), fronto-parietal executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study, group independent component analysis (group-ICA) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) measures were applied to examine whether and how various functional connected networks of the creative brain, particularly the default-executive and cerebro-cerebellar networks, are altered with advancing age. The group-ICA approach identified 11 major brain networks across age groups that reflected age-invariant resting-state networks. Compared with older adults, younger adults exhibited more specific and widespread dorsal network and sensorimotor network connectivity within and between the DMN, fronto-parietal ECN, and visual, auditory, and cerebellar networks associated with creativity. This outcome suggests age-specific changes in the functional connected network, particularly in the default-executive and cerebro-cerebellar networks. Our connectivity data further elucidate the critical roles of the cerebellum and cerebro-cerebellar connectivity in creativity in older adults. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence supporting the default-executive coupling hypothesis of aging and novel insights into the interactions of cerebro-cerebellar networks with creative cognition in older adults, which suggest alterations in the cognitive processes of the creative aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Uday Patil
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Madathil
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Silvia PJ, Beaty RE. When Figurative Language Goes off the Rails and under the Bus: Fluid Intelligence, Openness to Experience, and the Production of Poor Metaphors. J Intell 2021; 9:jintelligence9010002. [PMID: 33466268 PMCID: PMC7838778 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research examined the varieties of poor metaphors to gain insight into the cognitive processes involved in generating creative ones. Drawing upon data from two published studies as well as a new sample, adults’ open-ended responses to different metaphor prompts were categorized. Poor metaphors fell into two broad clusters. Non-metaphors—responses that failed to meet the basic task requirements—consisted of “adjective slips” (describing the topic adjectivally instead of figuratively), “wayward attributes” (attributing the wrong property to the topic), and “off-topic idioms” (describing the wrong topic). Bad metaphors—real metaphors that were unanimously judged as uncreative—consisted of “exemplary exemplars” (vehicles that lacked semantic distance and thus seemed trite) and “retrieved clichés” (pulling a dead metaphor from memory). Overall, people higher in fluid intelligence (Gf) were more likely to generate a real metaphor, and their metaphor was less likely to be a bad one. People higher in Openness to Experience, in contrast, were more likely to generate real metaphors but not more or less likely to generate bad ones. Scraping the bottom of the response barrel suggests that creative metaphor production is a particularly complex form of creative thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Silvia
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Roger E. Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA;
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38
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Enhancing creativity by altering the frontoparietal control network functioning using transcranial direct current stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:613-626. [PMID: 33388813 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-06023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The left angular gyrus (AG), part of the frontotemporal network, is implicated in creative thinking, including verbal creativity tasks such as novel metaphor generation. The current study tested the effects of tDCS over the left AG on two metaphor generation tasks. The study was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study of anodal vs. cathodal stimulation by tDCS. Compared to sham, cathodal stimulation resulted in significantly increased novel metaphor generation, while anodal stimulation increased conventional metaphor generation. Higher motivation (behavioral approach system's "fun-seeking") was associated with greater metaphor creativity in the sham condition, and lower fun seeking was associated with producing a greater quantity of conventional metaphors. Following active stimulation, motivation traits no longer contributed to creative metaphor generation. Thus, the beneficial effect of cathodal tDCS over the left AG in generation of novel metaphors is through restraining the control network. The current study gives a glimpse into the neural basis for creative thinking.
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Cogdell‐Brooke LS, Sowden PT, Violante IR, Thompson HE. A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of divergent thinking using activation likelihood estimation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:5057-5077. [PMID: 32845058 PMCID: PMC7643395 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting findings regarding brain regions and networks underpinning creativity, with divergent thinking tasks commonly used to study this. A handful of meta-analyses have attempted to synthesise findings on neural mechanisms of divergent thinking. With the rapid proliferation of research and recent developments in fMRI meta-analysis approaches, it is timely to reassess the regions activated during divergent thinking creativity tasks. Of particular interest is examining the evidence regarding large-scale brain networks proposed to be key in divergent thinking and extending this work to consider the role of the semantic control network. Studies utilising fMRI with healthy participants completing divergent thinking tasks were systematically identified, with 20 studies meeting the criteria. Activation Likelihood Estimation was then used to integrate the neuroimaging results across studies. This revealed four clusters: the left inferior parietal lobe; the left inferior frontal and precentral gyrus; the superior and medial frontal gyrus and the right cerebellum. These regions are key in the semantic network, important for flexible retrieval of stored knowledge, highlighting the role of this network in divergent thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul T. Sowden
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WinchesterWinchesterUK
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Sinitsyn DO, Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG, Legostaeva LA, Kremneva EI, Lagoda DY, Chernyavskiy AY, Medyntsev AA, Suponeva NA, Piradov MA. Brain Activations and Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated with Insight-Based and Analytical Anagram Solving. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:E170. [PMID: 33171616 PMCID: PMC7695184 DOI: 10.3390/bs10110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight is one of the most mysterious problem-solving phenomena involving the sudden emergence of a solution, often preceded by long unproductive attempts to find it. This seemingly unexplainable generation of the answer, together with the role attributed to insight in the advancement of science, technology and culture, stimulate active research interest in discovering its neuronal underpinnings. The present study employs functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe and compare the brain activations occurring in the course of solving anagrams by insight or analytically, as judged by the subjects. A number of regions were activated in both strategies, including the left premotor cortex, left claustrum, and bilateral clusters in the precuneus and middle temporal gyrus. The activated areas span the majority of the clusters reported in a recent meta-analysis of insight-related fMRI studies. At the same time, the activation patterns were very similar between the insight and analytical solutions, with the only difference in the right sensorimotor region probably explainable by subject motion related to the study design. Additionally, we applied resting-state fMRI to study functional connectivity patterns correlated with the individual frequency of insight anagram solutions. Significant correlations were found for the seed-based connectivity of areas in the left premotor cortex, left claustrum, and left frontal eye field. The results stress the need for optimizing insight paradigms with respect to the accuracy and reliability of the subjective insight/analytical solution classification. Furthermore, the short-lived nature of the insight phenomenon makes it difficult to capture the associated neural events with the current experimental techniques and motivates complementing such studies by the investigation of the structural and functional brain features related to the individual differences in the frequency of insight-based decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry O. Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Ilya S. Bakulin
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Alexandra G. Poydasheva
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Liudmila A. Legostaeva
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Elena I. Kremneva
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Dmitry Yu. Lagoda
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Andrey Yu. Chernyavskiy
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
- Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Medyntsev
- Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 129366 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Suponeva
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Michael A. Piradov
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (I.S.B.); (L.A.L.); (E.I.K.); (D.Y.L.); (A.Y.C.); (N.A.S.); (M.A.P.)
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Effective Connectivity Study Guiding the Neuromodulation Intervention in Figurative Language Comprehension Using Optical Neuroimaging. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8882207. [PMID: 33082780 PMCID: PMC7559246 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8882207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study is aimed at establishing links between brain network examination and neural plasticity studies measured by optical neuroimaging. Sixteen healthy subjects were recruited from the University of Macau to test the Granger Prediction Estimation (GPE) method to investigate brain network connectivity during figurative language comprehension. The method is aimed at mapping significant causal relationships across language brain networks, captured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy measurements (fNIRS): (i) definition of regions of interest (ROIs) based on significant channels extracted from spatial activation maps; (ii) inspection of significant causal relationships in temporal resolution, exploring the experimental task agreement; and (iii) early identification of stronger causal relationships that guide neuromodulation intervention, targeting impaired connectivity pathways. Our results propose top-down mechanisms responsible for perceptive-attention engagement in the left anterior frontal cortex and bottom-up mechanism in the right hemispheres during the semantic integration of figurative language. Moreover, the interhemispheric directional flow suggests a right hemisphere engagement in decoding unfamiliar literal sentences and fine-grained integration guided by the left hemisphere to reduce ambiguity in meaningless words. Finally, bottom-up mechanisms seem activated by logographic-semantic processing in literal meanings and memory storage centres in meaningless comprehension. To sum up, our main findings reveal that the Granger Prediction Estimation (GPE) integrated strategy proposes an effective link between assessment and intervention, capable of enhancing the efficiency of the treatment in language disorders and reducing the neuromodulation side effects.
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Nobukawa S, Yamanishi T, Ueno K, Mizukami K, Nishimura H, Takahashi T. High Phase Synchronization in Alpha Band Activity in Older Subjects With High Creativity. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:583049. [PMID: 33192416 PMCID: PMC7642763 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.583049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing evidence that high creativity leads to mental well-being in older individuals, the neurophysiological bases of creativity remain elusive. Creativity reportedly involves multiple brain areas and their functional interconnections. In particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to investigate the role of patterns of functional connectivity between the default network and other networks in creative activity. These interactions among networks play the role of integrating various neural processes to support creative activity and involve attention, cognitive control, and memory. The electroencephalogram (EEG) enables researchers to capture a pattern of band-specific functional connectivity, as well as moment-to-moment dynamics of brain activity; this can be accomplished even in the resting-state by exploiting the excellent temporal resolution of the EEG. Furthermore, the recent advent of functional connectivity analysis in EEG studies has focused on the phase-difference variable because of its fine spatio-temporal resolution. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combining method of EEG signals having high-temporal resolution and the phase synchronization analysis having high-spatio-temporal resolutions brings a new insight of functional connectivity regarding high creative activity of older participants. In this study, we examined the resting-state EEG signal in 20 healthy older participants and estimated functional connectivities using the phase lag index (PLI), which evaluates the phase synchronization of EEG signals. Individual creativity was assessed using the S-A creativity test in a separate session before the EEG recording. In the analysis of associations of EEG measures with the S-A test scores, the covariate effect of the intelligence quotient was evaluated. As a result, higher individual S-A scores were significantly associated with higher node degrees, defined as the average PLI of a node (electrode) across all links with the remaining nodes, across all nodes at the alpha band. A conventional power spectrum analysis revealed no significant association with S-A scores in any frequency band. Older participants with high creativity exhibited high functional connectivity even in the resting-state, irrespective of intelligence quotient, which supports the theory that creativity entails widespread brain connectivity. Thus, PLIs derived from EEG data may provide new insights into the relationship between functional connectivity and creativity in healthy older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Nobukawa
- Department of Computer Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
| | - Teruya Yamanishi
- AI & IoT Center, Department of Management and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kanji Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kimiko Mizukami
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nishimura
- Graduate School of Applied Informatics, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Uozu Shinkei Sanatorium, Uozu, Japan
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43
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Lu K, Yu T, Hao N. Creating while taking turns, the choice to unlocking group creative potential. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Marron TR, Berant E, Axelrod V, Faust M. Spontaneous cognition and its relationship to human creativity: A functional connectivity study involving a chain free association task. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Broday-Dvir R, Malach R. Resting-State Fluctuations Underlie Free and Creative Verbal Behaviors in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:213-232. [PMID: 32935840 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state fluctuations are ubiquitous and widely studied phenomena of the human brain, yet we are largely in the dark regarding their function in human cognition. Here we examined the hypothesis that resting-state fluctuations underlie the generation of free and creative human behaviors. In our experiment, participants were asked to perform three voluntary verbal tasks: a verbal fluency task, a verbal creativity task, and a divergent thinking task, during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)-activity during these tasks was contrasted with a control- deterministic verbal task, in which the behavior was fully determined by external stimuli. Our results reveal that all voluntary verbal-generation responses displayed a gradual anticipatory buildup that preceded the deterministic control-related responses. Critically, the time-frequency dynamics of these anticipatory buildups were significantly correlated with resting-state fluctuations' dynamics. These correlations were not a general BOLD-related or verbal-response related result, as they were not found during the externally determined verbal control condition. Furthermore, they were located in brain regions known to be involved in language production, specifically the left inferior frontal gyrus. These results suggest a common function of resting-state fluctuations as the neural mechanism underlying the generation of free and creative behaviors in the human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Broday-Dvir
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rafael Malach
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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46
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Volumetric evidence of the mediating role of mental imagery in episodic memory effect on divergent thinking. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Harada T. The effects of risk-taking, exploitation, and exploration on creativity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235698. [PMID: 32730273 PMCID: PMC7392310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of risk-taking, exploitation, and exploration on creativity by taking a model-based computational approach to both divergent and convergent thinking as primary ingredients of creativity. We adopted a reinforcement learning framework of Q learning to provide a simple, rigorous account of behavior in the decision-making process and examined the determinants of divergent and convergent thinking. Our findings revealed that risk-taking has positive effects on divergent thinking, but not related to convergent thinking. In particular, divergent thinkers with a high learning capacity were more likely to engage in risk-taking when facing losses than when facing gains. This risk-taking behavior not only contributes to the rapid achievement of learning convergence, but is also associated with high performance in divergent thinking tasks. Conversely, both exploitation and exploration had no significant effects on creativity once these risk attitudes were considered. Moreover, while convergent thinking relied on personality characteristics, it was not associated with risk-taking, exploitation, or exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Harada
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
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48
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Jończyk R, Kremer GE, Siddique Z, van Hell JG. Engineering creativity: Prior experience modulates electrophysiological responses to novel metaphors. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13630. [PMID: 32672842 PMCID: PMC7540055 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel metaphorical language use exemplifies human creativity through production and comprehension of meaningful linguistic expressions that may have never been heard before. Available electrophysiological research demonstrates, however, that novel metaphor comprehension is cognitively costly, as it requires integrating information from distantly related concepts. Herein, we investigate if such cognitive cost may be reduced as a factor of prior domain knowledge. To this end, we asked engineering and nonengineering students to read for comprehension literal, novel metaphorical, and anomalous sentences related to engineering or general knowledge, while undergoing EEG recording. Upon reading each sentence, participants were asked to judge whether or not the sentence was original in meaning (novelty judgment) and whether or not it made sense (sensicality judgment). When collapsed across groups, our findings demonstrate a gradual N400 modulation with N400 being maximal in response to anomalous, followed by metaphorical, and literal sentences. Between‐group comparisons revealed a mirror effect on the N400 to novel metaphorical sentences, with attenuated N400 in engineers and enhanced N400 in non‐engineers. Critically, planned comparisons demonstrated reduced N400 amplitudes to engineering novel metaphors in engineers relative to non‐engineers, pointing to an effect of prior knowledge on metaphor processing. This reduction, however, was observed in the absence of a sentence type × knowledge × group interaction. Altogether, our study provides novel evidence suggesting that prior domain knowledge may have a direct impact on creative language comprehension. This study provides novel evidence that prior knowledge facilitates interpretation of novel metaphorical sentences, an index of linguistic creativity. As such, this study contributes to, and bridges, the fields of figurative language processing and creativity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Jończyk
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gül E Kremer
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Zahed Siddique
- The School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Janet G van Hell
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Abstract
AbstractFigurative language (FL) seems ubiquitous in all social media discussion forums and chats, posing extra challenges to sentiment analysis endeavors. Identification of FL schemas in short texts remains largely an unresolved issue in the broader field of natural language processing, mainly due to their contradictory and metaphorical meaning content. The main FL expression forms are sarcasm, irony and metaphor. In the present paper, we employ advanced deep learning methodologies to tackle the problem of identifying the aforementioned FL forms. Significantly extending our previous work (Potamias et al., in: International conference on engineering applications of neural networks, Springer, Berlin, pp 164–175, 2019), we propose a neural network methodology that builds on a recently proposed pre-trained transformer-based network architecture which is further enhanced with the employment and devise of a recurrent convolutional neural network. With this setup, data preprocessing is kept in minimum. The performance of the devised hybrid neural architecture is tested on four benchmark datasets, and contrasted with other relevant state-of-the-art methodologies and systems. Results demonstrate that the proposed methodology achieves state-of-the-art performance under all benchmark datasets, outperforming, even by a large margin, all other methodologies and published studies.
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50
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Knowledge Across Reference Frames: Cognitive Maps and Image Spaces. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:606-619. [PMID: 32586649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In human and non-human animals, conceptual knowledge is partially organized according to low-dimensional geometries that rely on brain structures and computations involved in spatial representations. Recently, two separate lines of research have investigated cognitive maps, that are associated with the hippocampal formation and are similar to world-centered representations of the environment, and image spaces, that are associated with the parietal cortex and are similar to self-centered spatial relationships. We review evidence supporting cognitive maps and image spaces, and we propose a hippocampal-parietal network that can account for the organization and retrieval of knowledge across multiple reference frames. We also suggest that cognitive maps and image spaces may be two manifestations of a more general propensity of the mind to create low-dimensional internal models.
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