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Klar P, Çatal Y, Fogel S, Jocham G, Langner R, Owen AM, Northoff G. Auditory inputs modulate intrinsic neuronal timescales during sleep. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1180. [PMID: 37985812 PMCID: PMC10661171 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that intrinsic neuronal timescales (INT) undergo modulation by external stimulation during consciousness. It remains unclear if INT keep the ability for significant stimulus-induced modulation during primary unconscious states, such as sleep. This fMRI analysis addresses this question via a dataset that comprises an awake resting-state plus rest and stimulus states during sleep. We analyzed INT measured via temporal autocorrelation supported by median frequency (MF) in the frequency-domain. Our results were replicated using a biophysical model. There were two main findings: (1) INT prolonged while MF decreased from the awake resting-state to the N2 resting-state, and (2) INT shortened while MF increased during the auditory stimulus in sleep. The biophysical model supported these results by demonstrating prolonged INT in slowed neuronal populations that simulate the sleep resting-state compared to an awake state. Conversely, under sine wave input simulating the stimulus state during sleep, the model's regions yielded shortened INT that returned to the awake resting-state level. Our results highlight that INT preserve reactivity to stimuli in states of unconsciousness like sleep, enhancing our understanding of unconscious brain dynamics and their reactivity to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Yasir Çatal
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Room 6435, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Stuart Fogel
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, K1Z 7K4, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gerhard Jocham
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Psychology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Room 6435, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
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2
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Abstract
The conventional wisdom that sleep is a global state, affecting the whole brain uniformly and simultaneously, was overturned by the discovery of local sleep, where individual neuronal populations were found to be asleep and the rest of the brain awake. However, due to the difficulty of monitoring local neuronal states in humans, our understanding of local sleep remains limited. Using simultaneous functional MRI (fMRI) and electroencephalography, we find that the oscillations of brain hemodynamic activity provide signatures of sleep at a local neuronal population level. We show that the fMRI signatures of sleep can be employed to monitor local neuronal states and investigate which brain regions are the first to fall asleep or wake up at wake–sleep transitions. Sleep can be distinguished from wake by changes in brain electrical activity, typically assessed using electroencephalography (EEG). The hallmark of nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep is the shift from high-frequency, low-amplitude wake EEG to low-frequency, high-amplitude sleep EEG dominated by spindles and slow waves. Here we identified signatures of sleep in brain hemodynamic activity, using simultaneous functional MRI (fMRI) and EEG. We found that, at the transition from wake to sleep, fMRI blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) activity evolved from a mixed-frequency pattern to one dominated by two distinct oscillations: a low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) oscillation prominent in light sleep and correlated with the occurrence of spindles, and a high-frequency oscillation (>0.1 Hz) prominent in deep sleep and correlated with the occurrence of slow waves. The two oscillations were both detectable across the brain but exhibited distinct spatiotemporal patterns. During the falling-asleep process, the low-frequency oscillation first appeared in the thalamus, then the posterior cortex, and lastly the frontal cortex, while the high-frequency oscillation first appeared in the midbrain, then the frontal cortex, and lastly the posterior cortex. During the waking-up process, both oscillations disappeared first from the thalamus, then the frontal cortex, and lastly the posterior cortex. The BOLD oscillations provide local signatures of spindle and slow wave activity. They may be employed to monitor the regional occurrence of sleep or wakefulness, track which regions are the first to fall asleep or wake up at the wake–sleep transitions, and investigate local homeostatic sleep processes.
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Soon CS, Vinogradova K, Ong JL, Calhoun VD, Liu T, Zhou JH, Ng KK, Chee MWL. Respiratory, cardiac, EEG, BOLD signals and functional connectivity over multiple microsleep episodes. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118129. [PMID: 33951513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Falling asleep is common in fMRI studies. By using long eyelid closures to detect microsleep onset, we showed that the onset and termination of short sleep episodes invokes a systematic sequence of BOLD signal changes that are large, widespread, and consistent across different microsleep durations. The signal changes are intimately intertwined with shifts in respiration and heart rate, indicating that autonomic contributions are integral to the brain physiology evaluated using fMRI and cannot be simply treated as nuisance signals. Additionally, resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) was altered in accord with the frequency of falling asleep and in a manner that global signal regression does not eliminate. Our findings point to the need to develop a consensus among neuroscientists using fMRI on how to deal with microsleep intrusions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Sleep, breathing and cardiac action are influenced by common brainstem nuclei. We show that falling asleep and awakening are associated with a sequence of BOLD signal changes that are large, widespread and consistent across varied durations of sleep onset and awakening. These signal changes follow closely those associated with deceleration and acceleration of respiration and heart rate, calling into question the separation of the latter signals as 'noise' when the frequency of falling asleep, which is commonplace in RSFC studies, correlates with the extent of RSFC perturbation. Autonomic and central nervous system contributions to BOLD signal have to be jointly considered when interpreting fMRI and RSFC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Siong Soon
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Translational MR Imaging, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Unviersity of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ksenia Vinogradova
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ju Lynn Ong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, USA
| | - Thomas Liu
- UCSD Center for Functional MRI and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Translational MR Imaging, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Unviersity of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwun Kei Ng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Translational MR Imaging, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Unviersity of Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Daneault V, Orban P, Martin N, Dansereau C, Godbout J, Pouliot P, Dickinson P, Gosselin N, Vandewalle G, Maquet P, Lina JM, Doyon J, Bellec P, Carrier J. Cerebral functional networks during sleep in young and older individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4905. [PMID: 33649377 PMCID: PMC7921592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though sleep modification is a hallmark of the aging process, age-related changes in functional connectivity using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during sleep, remain unknown. Here, we combined electroencephalography and fMRI to examine functional connectivity differences between wakefulness and light sleep stages (N1 and N2 stages) in 16 young (23.1 ± 3.3y; 7 women), and 14 older individuals (59.6 ± 5.7y; 8 women). Results revealed extended, distributed (inter-between) and local (intra-within) decreases in network connectivity during sleep both in young and older individuals. However, compared to the young participants, older individuals showed lower decreases in connectivity or even increases in connectivity between thalamus/basal ganglia and several cerebral regions as well as between frontal regions of various networks. These findings reflect a reduced ability of the older brain to disconnect during sleep that may impede optimal disengagement for loss of responsiveness, enhanced lighter and fragmented sleep, and contribute to age effects on sleep-dependent brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Daneault
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Downtown Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Orban
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Downtown Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Downtown Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Dansereau
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Jonathan Godbout
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.,Génie Électrique, École de technologie supérieure, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, C.P. 6079, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Philip Dickinson
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Downtown Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Génie Électrique, École de technologie supérieure, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada.,Centre de Recherches Mathématiques (CRM), Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Case postale 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,U678 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada. .,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Downtown Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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5
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The connectivity between the olfactory and auditory cortex predicts an individual's sleep quality. Neuroreport 2021; 32:99-104. [PMID: 33395187 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders and multiple sensory impairments have been noticed as the potential first sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as the Parkinson disease. The relationship between sleep quality and the sensory neural basis would help us consider their combination in early diagnosis. In the present study, 32 out of 45 healthy subjects' resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data survived from motion correction and entered into the connectivity analysis. We found that the connectivity between two regions of interest (the left olfactory gyrus and the left superior temporal pole) and the regional homogeneity in the left middle temporal gyrus were negatively correlated with their Pittsburgh sleep quality index. These results suggest that these sensory-related brain regions are related to sleep quality and they may together predict the diseases.
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Bär KJ, Köhler S, Cruz FDL, Schumann A, Zepf FD, Wagner G. Functional consequences of acute tryptophan depletion on raphe nuclei connectivity and network organization in healthy women. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116362. [PMID: 31743788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research on central nervous serotonin (5-HT) function provided evidence for a substantial involvement of 5-HT in the regulation of brain circuitries associated with cognitive and affective processing. The underlying neural networks comprise core subcortical/cortical regions such as amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, which are assumed to be modulated amongst others by 5-HT. Beside the use of antidepressants, acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a widely accepted technique to manipulate of 5-HT synthesis and its respective metabolites in humans by means of a dietary and non-pharmacological tool. We used a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design with two experimental challenge conditions, i.e. ATD and tryptophan (TRP) supplementation (TRYP+) serving as a control. The aim was to perturb 5-HT synthesis and to detect its impact on brain functional connectivity (FC) of the upper serotonergic raphe nuclei, the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex as well as on network organization using resting state fMRI. 30 healthy adult female participants (age: M = 24.5 ± 4.4 yrs) were included in the final analysis. ATD resulted in a 90% decrease of TRP in the serum relative to baseline. Compared to TRYP + for the ATD condition a significantly lower FC of the raphe nucleus to the frontopolar cortex was detected, as well as greater functional coupling between the right amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. FC of the raphe nucleus correlated significantly with the magnitude of TRP changes for both challenge conditions (ATD & TRYP+). Network-based statistical analysis using time series from 260 independent anatomical ROIs revealed significantly greater FC after ATD compared to TRYP+ in several brain regions being part of the default-mode (DMN) and the executive-control networks (ECN), but also of salience or visual networks. Finally, we observed an impact of ATD on the rich-club organization in terms of decreased rich-club coefficients compared to TRYP+. In summary we could confirm previous findings that the putative decrease in brain 5-HT synthesis via ATD significantly alters FC of the raphe nuclei as well as of specific subcortical/cortical regions involved in affective, but also in cognitive processes. Moreover, an ATD-effect on the so-called rich-club organization of some nodes with the high degree was demonstrated. This may indicate effects of brain 5-HT on the integration of information flow from several brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Feliberto de la Cruz
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andy Schumann
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian D Zepf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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7
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McAvoy MP, Tagliazucchi E, Laufs H, Raichle ME. Human non-REM sleep and the mean global BOLD signal. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2210-2222. [PMID: 30073858 PMCID: PMC6827126 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18791070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the decreased brain activity as measured by global reductions in cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and glucose metabolism. It is unknown whether the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal undergoes similar changes. Here we show that, in contrast to the decreases in blood flow and metabolism, the mean global BOLD signal increases with sleep depth in a regionally non-uniform manner throughout gray matter. We relate our findings to the circulatory and metabolic processes influencing the BOLD signal and conclude that because oxygen consumption decreases proportionately more than blood flow in sleep, the resulting decrease in paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin accounts for the increase in mean global BOLD signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P McAvoy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- PICNIC Lab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Helmut Laufs
- Department of Neurology, Brain Imaging Center, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Alan and Edith L. Wolff Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Wu CW, Tsai PJ, Chen SCJ, Li CW, Hsu AL, Wu HY, Ko YT, Hung PC, Chang CY, Lin CP, Lane TJ, Chen CY. Indication of dynamic neurovascular coupling from inconsistency between EEG and fMRI indices across sleep–wake states. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-019-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Whitehead K, Laudiano-Dray MP, Meek J, Fabrizi L. Emergence of mature cortical activity in wakefulness and sleep in healthy preterm and full-term infants. Sleep 2018; 41:4995737. [PMID: 29762768 PMCID: PMC6093466 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Cortical activity patterns develop rapidly over the equivalent of the last trimester of gestation, in parallel with the establishment of sleep architecture. However, the emergence of mature cortical activity in wakefulness compared with sleep states in healthy preterm infants is poorly understood. Methods To investigate whether the cortical activity has a different developmental profile in each sleep-wake state, we recorded 11-channels electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and respiratory movement for 1 hr from 115 infants 34 to 43 weeks-corrected age, with 0.5-17 days of postnatal age. We characterized the trajectory of δ, θ, and α-β oscillations in wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep by calculating the power spectrum of the EEG, averaged across artifact-free epochs. Results δ-Oscillations in wakefulness and REM sleep decrease with corrected age, particularly in the temporal region, but not in non-REM sleep. θ-Oscillations increase with corrected age in sleep, especially non-REM sleep, but not in wakefulness. On the other hand, α-β oscillations decrease predominantly with postnatal age, independently of sleep-wake state, particularly in the occipital region. Conclusions The developmental trajectory of δ and θ rhythms is state-dependent and results in changed cortical activity patterns between states with corrected age, which suggests that these frequency bands may have particular functional roles in each state. Interestingly, postnatal age is associated with a decrease in α-β oscillations overlying primary visual cortex in every sleep-wake state, suggesting that postnatal experience (including the first visual input through open eyes during periods of wakefulness) is associated with resting-state visual cortical activity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Pureza Laudiano-Dray
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Meek
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Obstetric Wing, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Fabrizi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Hasson U, Iacovacci J, Davis B, Flanagan R, Tagliazucchi E, Laufs H, Lacasa L. A combinatorial framework to quantify peak/pit asymmetries in complex dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3557. [PMID: 29476077 PMCID: PMC5824940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore a combinatorial framework which efficiently quantifies the asymmetries between minima and maxima in local fluctuations of time series. We first showcase its performance by applying it to a battery of synthetic cases. We find rigorous results on some canonical dynamical models (stochastic processes with and without correlations, chaotic processes) complemented by extensive numerical simulations for a range of processes which indicate that the methodology correctly distinguishes different complex dynamics and outperforms state of the art metrics in several cases. Subsequently, we apply this methodology to real-world problems emerging across several disciplines including cases in neurobiology, finance and climate science. We conclude that differences between the statistics of local maxima and local minima in time series are highly informative of the complex underlying dynamics and a graph-theoretic extraction procedure allows to use these features for statistical learning purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hasson
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- Center for Practical Wisdom, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | - Jacopo Iacovacci
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Davis
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ryan Flanagan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E14NS, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam-Zuidoost, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Laufs
- Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucas Lacasa
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E14NS, London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Plante DT, Birn RM, Walsh EC, Hoks RM, Cornejo MD, Abercrombie HC. Reduced resting-state thalamostriatal functional connectivity is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in persons with and without depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:517-520. [PMID: 29161673 PMCID: PMC5805569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common and significant problem encountered in affective illness, however, the biological underpinnings of EDS in persons with psychiatric disorders are not clear. This study evaluated the associations between thalamic connectivity with cortical and subcortical brain regions with EDS in persons with and without depressive disorders (DD). METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging scans from 67 unmedicated young to middle-aged women with current DD (n = 30), remitted DD (n = 13), and healthy controls (n = 24) were utilized to examine the associations between thalamic connectivity with cortical/subcortical structures and EDS. RESULTS After correction for multiple comparisons and adjustment for age, habitual sleep duration, and depressive symptomatology, reduced resting-state connectivity between the bilateral thalamus and left rostral striatum (caudate/putamen) was significantly associated with EDS. LIMITATIONS Causal inferences between thalamostriatal connectivity and EDS could not be determined. CONCLUSIONS These results further implicate the role of the striatum and thalamus as central components of the experience of EDS. Further research is indicated to clarify the specific role these structures play in EDS in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Plante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA,Corresponding author.:, Wisconsin Psychiatric Institute and Clinics, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, , Tel. (608)-262-0130, (608)-263-0265 (fax)
| | - Rasmus M. Birn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin C. Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roxanne M. Hoks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M. Daniela Cornejo
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Heather C. Abercrombie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Seiler C, Holmes S. Multivariate Heteroscedasticity Models for Functional Brain Connectivity. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:696. [PMID: 29311777 PMCID: PMC5733000 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional brain connectivity is the co-occurrence of brain activity in different areas during resting and while doing tasks. The data of interest are multivariate timeseries measured simultaneously across brain parcels using resting-state fMRI (rfMRI). We analyze functional connectivity using two heteroscedasticity models. Our first model is low-dimensional and scales linearly in the number of brain parcels. Our second model scales quadratically. We apply both models to data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) comparing connectivity between short and conventional sleepers. We find stronger functional connectivity in short than conventional sleepers in brain areas consistent with previous findings. This might be due to subjects falling asleep in the scanner. Consequently, we recommend the inclusion of average sleep duration as a covariate to remove unwanted variation in rfMRI studies. A power analysis using the HCP data shows that a sample size of 40 detects 50% of the connectivity at a false discovery rate of 20%. We provide implementations using R and the probabilistic programming language Stan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Impact of the heart rate on the shape of the cardiac response function. Neuroimage 2017; 162:214-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mapping visual dominance in human sleep. Neuroimage 2017; 150:250-261. [PMID: 28232191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a universal behavior, essential for humans and animals alike to survive. Its importance to a person's physical and mental health cannot be overstated. Although lateralization of function is well established in the lesion, split-brain and task based neuroimaging literature, and more recently in functional imaging studies of spontaneous fluctuations of the fMRI BOLD signal during wakeful rest, it is unknown if these asymmetries are present during sleep. We investigated hemispheric asymmetries in the global brain signal during non-REM sleep. Here we show that increasing sleep depth is accompanied by an increasing rightward asymmetry of regions in visual cortex including primary bilaterally and in the right hemisphere along the lingual gyrus and middle temporal cortex. In addition, left hemisphere language regions largely maintained their leftward asymmetry during sleep. Right hemisphere attention related regions expressed a more complicated relation with some regions maintaining a rightward asymmetry while this was lost in others. These results suggest that asymmetries in the human brain are state dependent.
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Curtis BJ, Williams PG, Jones CR, Anderson JS. Sleep duration and resting fMRI functional connectivity: examination of short sleepers with and without perceived daytime dysfunction. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00576. [PMID: 28031999 PMCID: PMC5166999 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of the U.S. population reports recurrent short sleep; however, perceived sleep need varies widely among individuals. Some "habitual short sleepers" routinely sleep 4-6 hr/night without self-reported adverse consequences. Identifying neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in perceived sleep-related dysfunction has important implications for understanding associations between sleep duration and health. METHOD This study utilized data from 839 subjects of the Human Connectome Project to examine resting functional connectivity associations with self-reported short sleep duration, as well as differences between short sleepers with versus without reported dysfunction. Functional connectivity was analyzed using a parcellation covering the cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar gray matter at 5 mm resolution. RESULTS Self-reported sleep duration predicts one of the primary patterns of intersubject variance in resting functional connectivity. Compared to conventional sleepers, both short sleeper subtypes exhibited resting fMRI (R-fMRI) signatures consistent with diminished wakefulness, potentially indicating inaccurate perception of functionality among those denying dysfunction. Short sleepers denying dysfunction exhibited increased connectivity between sensory cortices and bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting that efficient sleep-related memory consolidation may partly explain individual differences in perceived daytime dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Overall, current findings indicate that R-fMRI investigations should include assessment of average sleep duration during the prior month. Furthermore, short sleeper subtype findings provide a candidate neural mechanism underlying differences in perceived daytime impairment associated with short sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Curtis
- Department of Psychology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Paula G Williams
- Department of Psychology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
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