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Ontivero-Ortega M, Iglesias-Fuster J, Perez-Hidalgo J, Marinazzo D, Valdes-Sosa M, Valdes-Sosa P. Intra-V1 functional networks and classification of observed stimuli. Front Neuroinform 2024; 18:1080173. [PMID: 38528885 PMCID: PMC10961393 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1080173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies suggest that co-fluctuations in neural activity within V1 (measured with fMRI) carry information about observed stimuli, potentially reflecting various cognitive mechanisms. This study explores the neural sources shaping this information by using different fMRI preprocessing methods. The common response to stimuli shared by all individuals can be emphasized by using inter-subject correlations or de-emphasized by deconvolving the fMRI with hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) before calculating the correlations. The latter approach shifts the balance towards participant-idiosyncratic activity. Methods Here, we used multivariate pattern analysis of intra-V1 correlation matrices to predict the Level or Shape of observed Navon letters employing the types of correlations described above. We assessed accuracy in inter-subject prediction of specific conjunctions of properties, and attempted intra-subject cross-classification of stimulus properties (i.e., prediction of one feature despite changes in the other). Weight maps from successful classifiers were projected onto the visual field. A control experiment investigated eye-movement patterns during stimuli presentation. Results All inter-subject classifiers accurately predicted the Level and Shape of specific observed stimuli. However, successful intra-subject cross-classification was achieved only for stimulus Level, but not Shape, regardless of preprocessing scheme. Weight maps for successful Level classification differed between inter-subject correlations and deconvolved correlations. The latter revealed asymmetries in visual field link strength that corresponded to known perceptual asymmetries. Post-hoc measurement of eyeball fMRI signals did not find differences in gaze between stimulus conditions, and a control experiment (with derived simulations) also suggested that eye movements do not explain the stimulus-related changes in V1 topology. Discussion Our findings indicate that both inter-subject common responses and participant-specific activity contribute to the information in intra-V1 co-fluctuations, albeit through distinct sub-networks. Deconvolution, that enhances subject-specific activity, highlighted interhemispheric links for Global stimuli. Further exploration of intra-V1 networks promises insights into the neural basis of attention and perceptual organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlis Ontivero-Ortega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
| | - Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
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Castro-Laguardia AM, Ontivero-Ortega M, Morato C, Lucas I, Vila J, Bobes León MA, Muñoz PG. Familiarity Processing through Faces and Names: Insights from Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 38248254 PMCID: PMC10813351 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The way our brain processes personal familiarity is still debatable. We used searchlight multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to identify areas where local fMRI patterns could contribute to familiarity detection for both faces and name categories. Significantly, we identified cortical areas in frontal, temporal, cingulate, and insular areas, where it is possible to accurately cross-classify familiar stimuli from one category using a classifier trained with the stimulus from the other (i.e., abstract familiarity) based on local fMRI patterns. We also discovered several areas in the fusiform gyrus, frontal, and temporal regions-primarily lateralized to the right hemisphere-supporting the classification of familiar faces but failing to do so for names. Also, responses to familiar names (compared to unfamiliar names) consistently showed less activation strength than responses to familiar faces (compared to unfamiliar faces). The results evinced a set of abstract familiarity areas (independent of the stimulus type) and regions specifically related only to face familiarity, contributing to recognizing familiar individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Castro-Laguardia
- Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences (CNEURO), Rotonda La Muñeca, 15202 Avenida 25, La Habana 11600, Cuba; (A.M.C.-L.)
| | - Marlis Ontivero-Ortega
- Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences (CNEURO), Rotonda La Muñeca, 15202 Avenida 25, La Habana 11600, Cuba; (A.M.C.-L.)
| | - Cristina Morato
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
| | - Jaime Vila
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
| | - María Antonieta Bobes León
- Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences (CNEURO), Rotonda La Muñeca, 15202 Avenida 25, La Habana 11600, Cuba; (A.M.C.-L.)
| | - Pedro Guerra Muñoz
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
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Zhang Z, Good M, Kulikov V, van Horen F, Bartholomew M, Kayser AS, Hsu M. From scanner to court: A neuroscientifically informed "reasonable person" test of trademark infringement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabo1095. [PMID: 36753556 PMCID: PMC9908014 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many legal decisions center on the thoughts or perceptions of some idealized group of individuals, referred to variously as the "average person," "the typical consumer," or the "reasonable person." Substantial concerns exist, however, regarding the subjectivity and vulnerability to biases inherent in conventional means of assessing such responses, particularly the use of self-report evidence. Here, we addressed these concerns by complementing self-report evidence with neural data to inform the mental representations in question. Using an example from intellectual property law, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct a parsimonious neural index of visual similarity that can inform the reasonable person test of trademark infringement. Moreover, when aggregated across multiple participants, this index was able to detect experimenter-induced biases in self-report surveys in a sensitive and replicable fashion. Together, these findings potentially broaden the possibilities for neuroscientific data to inform legal decision-making across a range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Darden School of Business, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell Good
- Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, CA, USA
| | - Vera Kulikov
- Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Femke van Horen
- School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark Bartholomew
- School of Law, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Kayser
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ming Hsu
- Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Russ BE, Petkov CI, Kwok SC, Zhu Q, Belin P, Vanduffel W, Hamed SB. Common functional localizers to enhance NHP & cross-species neuroscience imaging research. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118203. [PMID: 34048898 PMCID: PMC8529529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional localizers are invaluable as they can help define regions of interest, provide cross-study comparisons, and most importantly, allow for the aggregation and meta-analyses of data across studies and laboratories. To achieve these goals within the non-human primate (NHP) imaging community, there is a pressing need for the use of standardized and validated localizers that can be readily implemented across different groups. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the value of localizer protocols to imaging research and we describe a number of commonly used or novel localizers within NHPs, and keys to implement them across studies. As has been shown with the aggregation of resting-state imaging data in the original PRIME-DE submissions, we believe that the field is ready to apply the same initiative for task-based functional localizers in NHP imaging. By coming together to collect large datasets across research group, implementing the same functional localizers, and sharing the localizers and data via PRIME-DE, it is now possible to fully test their robustness, selectivity and specificity. To do this, we reviewed a number of common localizers and we created a repository of well-established localizer that are easily accessible and implemented through the PRIME-RE platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Russ
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University at Langone, New York City, NY, United States.
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sze Chai Kwok
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, Aix-Marseille Université et CNRS, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144, United States.
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon - CNRS, France.
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Álvarez-San Millán A, Iglesias J, Gutkin A, Olivares EI. Forest Before Trees: Letter Stimulus and Sex Modulate Global Precedence in Visual Perception. Front Psychol 2021; 12:546483. [PMID: 33841222 PMCID: PMC8024528 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.546483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The global precedence effect (GPE), originally referring to processing hierarchical visual stimuli composed of letters, is characterised by both global advantage and global interference. We present herein a study of how this effect is modulated by the variables letter and sex. The Navon task, using the letters “H” and “S,” was administered to 78 males and 168 females (69 follicular women, 52 luteal women, and 47 hormonal contraceptive users). No interaction occurred between the letter and sex variables, but significant main effects arose from each of these. Reaction times (RTs) revealed that the letter “H” was identified more rapidly in the congruent condition both in the global and the local task, and the letter “S” in the incongruent condition for the local task. Also, although RTs showed a GPE in both males and females, males displayed shorter reaction times in both global and local tasks. Furthermore, luteal women showed higher d’ index (discrimination sensitivity) in the congruent condition for the local task than both follicular women and hormonal contraceptive users, as well as longer exploration time of the irrelevant level during the global task than males. We conclude that, according to the linear periodicity law, the GPE is enhanced for compound letters with straight vs. curved strokes, whereas it is stronger in males than in females. Relevantly, luteal phase of the menstrual cycle seems to tilt women to rely on finer grained information, thus exhibiting an analytical processing style in global/local visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Álvarez-San Millán
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Iglesias
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anahí Gutkin
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ela I Olivares
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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