1
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Fetterhoff D, Costa M, Hellerstedt R, Johannessen R, Imbach L, Sarnthein J, Strange BA. Neuronal population representation of human emotional memory. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114071. [PMID: 38592973 PMCID: PMC11063625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how emotional processing modulates learning and memory is crucial for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by emotional memory dysfunction. We investigate how human medial temporal lobe (MTL) neurons support emotional memory by recording spiking activity from the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex during encoding and recognition sessions of an emotional memory task in patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. Our findings reveal distinct representations for both remembered compared to forgotten and emotional compared to neutral scenes in single units and MTL population spiking activity. Additionally, we demonstrate that a distributed network of human MTL neurons exhibiting mixed selectivity on a single-unit level collectively processes emotion and memory as a network, with a small percentage of neurons responding conjointly to emotion and memory. Analyzing spiking activity enables a detailed understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying emotional memory and could provide insights into how emotion alters memory during healthy and maladaptive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Fetterhoff
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuela Costa
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robin Hellerstedt
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebecca Johannessen
- Swiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Imbach
- Swiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bryan A Strange
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain; Reina Sofia Centre for Alzheimer's Research, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Tzovara A, Fedele T, Sarnthein J, Ledergerber D, Lin JJ, Knight RT. Predictable and unpredictable deviance detection in the human hippocampus and amygdala. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad532. [PMID: 38216528 PMCID: PMC10839835 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our brains extract structure from the environment and form predictions given past experience. Predictive circuits have been identified in wide-spread cortical regions. However, the contribution of medial temporal structures in predictions remains under-explored. The hippocampus underlies sequence detection and is sensitive to novel stimuli, sufficient to gain access to memory, while the amygdala to novelty. Yet, their electrophysiological profiles in detecting predictable and unpredictable deviant auditory events remain unknown. Here, we hypothesized that the hippocampus would be sensitive to predictability, while the amygdala to unexpected deviance. We presented epileptic patients undergoing presurgical monitoring with standard and deviant sounds, in predictable or unpredictable contexts. Onsets of auditory responses and unpredictable deviance effects were detected earlier in the temporal cortex compared with the amygdala and hippocampus. Deviance effects in 1-20 Hz local field potentials were detected in the lateral temporal cortex, irrespective of predictability. The amygdala showed stronger deviance in the unpredictable context. Low-frequency deviance responses in the hippocampus (1-8 Hz) were observed in the predictable but not in the unpredictable context. Our results reveal a distributed network underlying the generation of auditory predictions and suggest that the neural basis of sensory predictions and prediction error signals needs to be extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Tzovara
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 450 Li Ka Shing Biomedical Center, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Neubrückstrasse 3012, Switzerland
- Center for Experimental Neurology - Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center | NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3010, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Fedele
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 8091, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 8091, Switzerland
| | - Debora Ledergerber
- Swiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zürich, Bleulerstrasse 8008, Switzerland
| | - Jack J Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Folsom Boulevard, Davis, CA 95816, USA
- The Center of Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 450 Li Ka Shing Biomedical Center, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
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3
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Iidaka T, Maesawa S, Kanayama N, Miyakoshi M, Ishizaki T, Saito R. Hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses of the human amygdala during face imitation-a study using functional MRI and intracranial EEG. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad488. [PMID: 38112625 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the human amygdala in facial mimicry remains a matter of debate. We investigated neural activity in the human amygdala during a task in which an imitation task was separated in time from an observation task involving facial expressions. Neural activity in the amygdala was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 18 healthy individuals and using intracranial electroencephalogram in six medically refractory patients with epilepsy. The results of functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment showed that mimicry of negative and positive expressions activated the amygdala more than mimicry of non-emotional facial movements. In intracranial electroencephalogram experiment and time-frequency analysis, emotion-related activity of the amygdala during mimicry was observed as a significant neural oscillation in the high gamma band range. Furthermore, spectral event analysis of individual trial intracranial electroencephalogram data revealed that sustained oscillation of gamma band activity originated from an increased number and longer duration of neural events in the amygdala. Based on these findings, we conclude that during facial mimicry, visual information of expressions and feedback from facial movements are combined in the amygdalar nuclei. Considering the time difference of information approaching the amygdala, responses to facial movements are likely to modulate rather than initiate affective processing in human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Iidaka
- Brain & Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maesawa
- Brain & Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kanayama
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinati, OH 45627-0555, United States
| | - Tomotaka Ishizaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550 , Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Brain & Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550 , Japan
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4
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Yin Q, Johnson EL, Ofen N. Neurophysiological mechanisms of cognition in the developing brain: Insights from intracranial EEG studies. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101312. [PMID: 37837918 PMCID: PMC10589793 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest to understand how the development of the brain supports the development of complex cognitive functions is fueled by advances in cognitive neuroscience methods. Intracranial EEG (iEEG) recorded directly from the developing human brain provides unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for mapping the neurophysiological mechanisms supporting cognitive development. In this paper, we focus on episodic memory, the ability to remember detailed information about past experiences, which improves from childhood into adulthood. We review memory effects based on broadband spectral power and emphasize the importance of isolating narrowband oscillations from broadband activity to determine mechanisms of neural coordination within and between brain regions. We then review evidence of developmental variability in neural oscillations and present emerging evidence linking the development of neural oscillations to the development of memory. We conclude by proposing that the development of oscillations increases the precision of neural coordination and may be an essential factor underlying memory development. More broadly, we demonstrate how recording neural activity directly from the developing brain holds immense potential to advance our understanding of cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Life-span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology and Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- Departments of Medical Social Sciences and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Life-span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology and Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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5
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Sun S, Cao R, Rutishauser U, Yu R, Wang S. A uniform human multimodal dataset for emotion perception and judgment. Sci Data 2023; 10:773. [PMID: 37935738 PMCID: PMC10630434 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Face perception is a fundamental aspect of human social interaction, yet most research on this topic has focused on single modalities and specific aspects of face perception. Here, we present a comprehensive multimodal dataset for examining facial emotion perception and judgment. This dataset includes EEG data from 97 unique neurotypical participants across 8 experiments, fMRI data from 19 neurotypical participants, single-neuron data from 16 neurosurgical patients (22 sessions), eye tracking data from 24 neurotypical participants, behavioral and eye tracking data from 18 participants with ASD and 15 matched controls, and behavioral data from 3 rare patients with focal bilateral amygdala lesions. Notably, participants from all modalities performed the same task. Overall, this multimodal dataset provides a comprehensive exploration of facial emotion perception, emphasizing the importance of integrating multiple modalities to gain a holistic understanding of this complex cognitive process. This dataset serves as a key missing link between human neuroimaging and neurophysiology literature, and facilitates the study of neuropsychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sun
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Runnan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, 90048, California, USA
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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6
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Marciano D, Staveland BR, Lin JJ, Saez I, Hsu M, Knight RT. Electrophysiological signatures of inequity-dependent reward encoding in the human OFC. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112865. [PMID: 37494185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Social decision making requires the integration of reward valuation and social cognition systems, both dependent on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). How these two OFC functions interact is largely unknown. We recorded intracranial activity from the OFC of ten patients making choices in a social context where reward inequity with a social counterpart varied and could be either advantageous or disadvantageous. We find that OFC high-frequency activity (HFA; 70-150 Hz) encodes self-reward, consistent with previous reports. We also observe encoding of the social counterpart's reward, as well as the type of inequity being experienced. Additionally, we find evidence of inequity-dependent reward encoding: depending on the type of inequity, electrodes rapidly and reversibly switch between different reward-encoding profiles. These results provide direct evidence for encoding of self- and other rewards in the human OFC and highlight the dynamic nature of encoding in the OFC as a function of social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Marciano
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brooke R Staveland
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jack J Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ignacio Saez
- Departments of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ming Hsu
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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7
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Harmata GIS, Chan AC, Merfeld MJ, Taugher-Hebl RJ, Harijan AK, Hardie JB, Fan R, Long JD, Wang GZ, Dlouhy BJ, Bera AK, Narayanan NS, Wemmie JA. Intoxicating effects of alcohol depend on acid-sensing ion channels. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:806-815. [PMID: 36243771 PMCID: PMC10066229 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Persons at risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD) differ in their sensitivity to acute alcohol intoxication. Alcohol effects are complex and thought to depend on multiple mechanisms. Here, we explored whether acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) might play a role. We tested ASIC function in transfected CHO cells and amygdala principal neurons, and found alcohol potentiated currents mediated by ASIC1A homomeric channels, but not ASIC1A/2 A heteromeric channels. Supporting a role for ASIC1A in the intoxicating effects of alcohol in vivo, we observed marked alcohol-induced changes on local field potentials in basolateral amygdala, which differed significantly in Asic1a-/- mice, particularly in the gamma, delta, and theta frequency ranges. Altered electrophysiological responses to alcohol in mice lacking ASIC1A, were accompanied by changes in multiple behavioral measures. Alcohol administration during amygdala-dependent fear conditioning dramatically diminished context and cue-evoked memory on subsequent days after the alcohol had cleared. There was a significant alcohol by genotype interaction. Context- and cue-evoked memory were notably worse in Asic1a-/- mice. We further examined acute stimulating and sedating effects of alcohol on locomotor activity, loss of righting reflex, and in an acute intoxication severity scale. We found loss of ASIC1A increased the stimulating effects of alcohol and reduced the sedating effects compared to wild-type mice, despite similar blood alcohol levels. Together these observations suggest a novel role for ASIC1A in the acute intoxicating effects of alcohol in mice. They further suggest that ASICs might contribute to intoxicating effects of alcohol and AUD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail I S Harmata
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Pharmacological Sciences Predoctoral Research Training Program, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aubrey C Chan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Madison J Merfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Taugher-Hebl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anjit K Harijan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jason B Hardie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Grace Z Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Dlouhy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amal K Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John A Wemmie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Roy J. Carver Chair of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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8
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Aversive memory formation in humans involves an amygdala-hippocampus phase code. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6403. [PMID: 36302909 PMCID: PMC9613775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory for aversive events is central to survival but can become maladaptive in psychiatric disorders. Memory enhancement for emotional events is thought to depend on amygdala modulation of hippocampal activity. However, the neural dynamics of amygdala-hippocampal communication during emotional memory encoding remain unknown. Using simultaneous intracranial recordings from both structures in human patients, here we show that successful emotional memory encoding depends on the amygdala theta phase to which hippocampal gamma activity and neuronal firing couple. The phase difference between subsequently remembered vs. not-remembered emotional stimuli translates to a time period that enables lagged coherence between amygdala and downstream hippocampal gamma. These results reveal a mechanism whereby amygdala theta phase coordinates transient amygdala -hippocampal gamma coherence to facilitate aversive memory encoding. Pacing of lagged gamma coherence via amygdala theta phase may represent a general mechanism through which the amygdala relays emotional content to distant brain regions to modulate other aspects of cognition, such as attention and decision-making.
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9
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Boran E, Stieglitz L, Sarnthein J. Epileptic High-Frequency Oscillations in Intracranial EEG Are Not Confounded by Cognitive Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:613125. [PMID: 33746723 PMCID: PMC7971186 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.613125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in intracranial EEG (iEEG) are used to delineate the epileptogenic zone during presurgical diagnostic assessment in patients with epilepsy. HFOs are historically divided into ripples (80-250 Hz), fast ripples (FR, >250 Hz), and their co-occurrence (FRandR). In a previous study, we had validated the rate of FRandRs during deep sleep to predict seizure outcome. Here, we ask whether epileptic FRandRs might be confounded by physiological FRandRs that are unrelated to epilepsy. Methods: We recorded iEEG in the medial temporal lobe MTL (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala) in 17 patients while they performed cognitive tasks. The three cognitive tasks addressed verbal working memory, visual working memory, and emotional processing. In our previous studies, these tasks activated the MTL. We re-analyzed the data of these studies with the automated detector that focuses on the co-occurrence of ripples and FRs (FRandR). Results: For each task, we identified those channels in which the HFO rate was modulated during the task condition compared to the control condition. However, the number of these channels did not exceed the chance level. Interestingly, even during wakefulness, the HFO rate was higher for channels within the seizure onset zone (SOZ) than for channels outside the SOZ. Conclusion: Our prospective definition of an epileptic HFO, the FRandR, is not confounded by physiological HFOs that might be elicited by our cognitive tasks. This is reassuring for the clinical use of FRandR as a biomarker of the EZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Boran
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitäts Spital und Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Stieglitz
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitäts Spital und Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitäts Spital und Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Dataset of spiking and LFP activity invasively recorded in the human amygdala during aversive dynamic stimuli. Sci Data 2021; 8:9. [PMID: 33446665 PMCID: PMC7809031 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an electrophysiological dataset collected from the amygdalae of nine participants attending a visual dynamic stimulation of emotional aversive content. The participants were patients affected by epilepsy who underwent preoperative invasive monitoring in the mesial temporal lobe. Participants were presented with dynamic visual sequences of fearful faces (aversive condition), interleaved with sequences of neutral landscapes (neutral condition). The dataset contains the simultaneous recording of intracranial EEG (iEEG) and neuronal spike times and waveforms, and localization information for iEEG electrodes. Participant characteristics and trial information are provided. We technically validated this dataset and provide here the spike sorting quality metrics and the spectra of iEEG signals. This dataset allows the investigation of amygdalar response to dynamic aversive stimuli at multiple spatial scales, from the macroscopic EEG to the neuronal firing in the human brain.
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11
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Johnson EL, Kam JWY, Tzovara A, Knight RT. Insights into human cognition from intracranial EEG: A review of audition, memory, internal cognition, and causality. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:051001. [PMID: 32916678 PMCID: PMC7731730 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb7a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
By recording neural activity directly from the human brain, researchers gain unprecedented insight into how neurocognitive processes unfold in real time. We first briefly discuss how intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings, performed for clinical practice, are used to study human cognition with the spatiotemporal and single-trial precision traditionally limited to non-human animal research. We then delineate how studies using iEEG have informed our understanding of issues fundamental to human cognition: auditory prediction, working and episodic memory, and internal cognition. We also discuss the potential of iEEG to infer causality through the manipulation or 'engineering' of neurocognitive processes via spatiotemporally precise electrical stimulation. We close by highlighting limitations of iEEG, potential of burgeoning techniques to further increase spatiotemporal precision, and implications for future research using intracranial approaches to understand, restore, and enhance human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Johnson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Julia W Y Kam
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Athina Tzovara
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Institute for Computer Science, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center | NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
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12
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Mills-Finnerty C, Hanson C, Khadr M, José Hanson S. Computations and Connectivity Underlying Aversive Counterfactuals. Brain Connect 2020; 10:467-478. [PMID: 32842766 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mentally simulating counterfactuals (scenarios that have not actually occurred) is a sophisticated human cognitive function underlying creativity, planning, and daydreaming. One example is the "would you rather" game, in which forced choices are made between outlandish negative counterfactuals. Materials and Methods: We measured behavioral and neural correlates while participants made "would you rather" choices framed as approaching or avoiding aversive counterfactual scenarios (e.g., illnesses, car accidents). Results: We found in two independent cohorts that participants were highly susceptible to framing effects when making these decisions, taking significantly longer to respond to approach frames compared with avoidance. Brain imaging showed that choices to approach and avoid resulted in a pattern of activation consistent with a network associated with responding to aversive stimuli, identified via a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 238 studies. Bayesian graph connectivity analysis showed that network connectivity differed by choice frame, with significantly stronger connectivity for approach choices compared with avoidance choices among primarily limbic nodes (putamen, insula, caudate, and amygdala). Computational modeling of behavior revealed that approach frames led to significantly longer nondecision times, increased evidence required to make decisions, and faster evidence accumulation than avoidance frames. Stronger network connectivity between corticostriatal and limbic regions was associated with rate of evidence accumulation and length of nondecision time during approach choices. For avoidance choices, prefrontal connectivity was related to nondecision time. Conclusions: These results suggest that "would you rather" decisions about aversive counterfactuals differentially recruit limbic circuit connectivity based on choice frame. Impact statement We measured brain connectivity and latent cognitive variables underlying aversive counterfactual choices. We found a replicable reaction time effect whereby approach decisions were slower than avoidance decisions. Computational modeling identified that the latent cognitive variable of evidence accumulation was related to strength of connectivity between corticostriatal and limbic nodes during approach decisions. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and clustering revealed a three-dimensional choice structure that differed between individuals, and between approach and avoidance choices within individuals. Our results suggest that cognitive evaluations of aversive counterfactuals involve flexible representations that can be altered by choice framing. These findings have broad implications for prospective decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Mills-Finnerty
- Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Catherine Hanson
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University Newark, New Jersey, USA
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