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Gall CM, Le AA, Lynch G. Contributions of site- and sex-specific LTPs to everyday memory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230223. [PMID: 38853551 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Commentaries about long-term potentiation (LTP) generally proceed with an implicit assumption that largely the same physiological effect is sampled across different experiments. However, this is clearly not the case. We illustrate the point by comparing LTP in the CA3 projections to CA1 with the different forms of potentiation in the dentate gyrus. These studies lead to the hypothesis that specialized properties of CA1-LTP are adaptations for encoding unsupervised learning and episodic memory, whereas the dentate gyrus variants subserve learning that requires multiple trials and separation of overlapping bodies of information. Recent work has added sex as a second and somewhat surprising dimension along which LTP is also differentiated. Triggering events for CA1-LTP differ between the sexes and the adult induction threshold is significantly higher in females; these findings help explain why males have an advantage in spatial learning. Remarkably, the converse is true before puberty: Females have the lower LTP threshold and are better at spatial memory problems. A mechanism has been identified for the loss-of-function in females but not for the gain-of-function in males. We propose that the many and disparate demands of natural environments, with different processing requirements across ages and between sexes, led to the emergence of multiple LTPs. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California at Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aliza A Le
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine , Irvine, CA 92868, USA
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Foley K, McKee C, Mayer A, Ganguly A, Barnett D, Ward N, Zhang Y, Nairn A, Xia H. PP1β opposes classic PP1 function, inhibiting spine maturation and promoting LTP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.26.525737. [PMID: 36747779 PMCID: PMC9901188 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulates synaptic plasticity and has been described as a molecular constraint on learning and memory. There are three neuronal isoforms, PP1α, PP1β, and PP1γ, but little is known about their individual functions. PP1α and PP1γ are assumed to mediate the effects of PP1 on learning and memory based on their enrichment at dendritic spines and their preferential binding to neurabin and spinophilin, major PP1 synaptic scaffolding proteins. However, it was recently discovered that human de novo PP1β mutations cause intellectual disability, suggesting an important but ill-defined role for PP1β. In this study, we investigated the functions of each PP1 isoform in hippocampal synaptic physiology using conditional CA1-specific knockout mice. In stark contrast to classic PP1 function, we found that PP1β promotes synaptic plasticity as well as spatial memory. These changes in synaptic plasticity and memory are accompanied by changes in GluA1 phosphorylation, GluN2A levels, and dendritic spine density and morphology, including silent synapse number. These functions of PP1β reveal a previously unidentified signaling pathway regulating spine maturation and plasticity, broadening our understanding of the complex role of PP1 in synaptic physiology.
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Buchholz S, Zempel H. The six brain-specific TAU isoforms and their role in Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative dementia syndromes. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3606-3628. [PMID: 38556838 PMCID: PMC11095451 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alternative splicing of the human MAPT gene generates six brain-specific TAU isoforms. Imbalances in the TAU isoform ratio can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring the need for precise control over TAU isoform balance. Tauopathies, characterized by intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated TAU, exhibit extensive neurodegeneration and can be classified by the TAU isoforms present in pathological accumulations. METHODS A comprehensive review of TAU and related dementia syndromes literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and preprint server. RESULTS While TAU is recognized as key driver of neurodegeneration in specific tauopathies, the contribution of the isoforms to neuronal function and disease development remains largely elusive. DISCUSSION In this review we describe the role of TAU isoforms in health and disease, and stress the importance of comprehending and studying TAU isoforms in both, physiological and pathological context, in order to develop targeted therapeutic interventions for TAU-associated diseases. HIGHLIGHTS MAPT splicing is tightly regulated during neuronal maturation and throughout life. TAU isoform expression is development-, cell-type and brain region specific. The contribution of TAU to neurodegeneration might be isoform-specific. Ineffective TAU-based therapies highlight the need for specific targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buchholz
- Institute of Human GeneticsFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Present address:
Department Schaefer, Neurobiology of AgeingMax Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human GeneticsFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
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4
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Pandey S, Miller CA. Targeting the cytoskeleton as a therapeutic approach to substance use disorders. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107143. [PMID: 38499081 PMCID: PMC11034636 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are chronic relapsing disorders governed by continually shifting cycles of positive drug reward experiences and drug withdrawal-induced negative experiences. A large body of research points to plasticity within systems regulating emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes as drivers of continued compulsive pursuit and consumption of substances despite negative consequences. This plasticity is observed at all levels of analysis from molecules to networks, providing multiple avenues for intervention in SUD. The cytoskeleton and its regulatory proteins within neurons and glia are fundamental to the structural and functional integrity of brain processes and are potentially the major drivers of the morphological and behavioral plasticity associated with substance use. In this review, we discuss preclinical studies that provide support for targeting the brain cytoskeleton as a therapeutic approach to SUD. We focus on the interplay between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and exposure to cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, opioids, and nicotine and highlight preclinical studies pointing to a wide range of potential therapeutic targets, such as nonmuscle myosin II, Rac1, cofilin, prosapip 1, and drebrin. These studies broaden our understanding of substance-induced plasticity driving behaviors associated with SUD and provide new research directions for the development of SUD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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5
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Berry JA, Guhle DC, Davis RL. Active forgetting and neuropsychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02521-9. [PMID: 38532011 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent and pioneering animal research has revealed the brain utilizes a variety of molecular, cellular, and network-level mechanisms used to forget memories in a process referred to as "active forgetting". Active forgetting increases behavioral flexibility and removes irrelevant information. Individuals with impaired active forgetting mechanisms can experience intrusive memories, distressing thoughts, and unwanted impulses that occur in neuropsychiatric diseases. The current evidence indicates that active forgetting mechanisms degrade, or mask, molecular and cellular memory traces created in synaptic connections of "engram cells" that are specific for a given memory. Combined molecular genetic/behavioral studies using Drosophila have uncovered a complex system of cellular active-forgetting pathways within engram cells that is regulated by dopamine neurons and involves dopamine-nitric oxide co-transmission and reception, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ signaling, and cytoskeletal remodeling machinery regulated by small GTPases. Some of these molecular cellular mechanisms have already been found to be conserved in mammals. Interestingly, some pathways independently regulate forgetting of distinct memory types and temporal phases, suggesting a multi-layering organization of forgetting systems. In mammals, active forgetting also involves modulation of memory trace synaptic strength by altering AMPA receptor trafficking. Furthermore, active-forgetting employs network level mechanisms wherein non-engram neurons, newly born-engram neurons, and glial cells regulate engram synapses in a state and experience dependent manner. Remarkably, there is evidence for potential coordination between the network and cellular level forgetting mechanisms. Finally, subjects with several neuropsychiatric diseases have been tested and shown to be impaired in active forgetting. Insights obtained from research on active forgetting in animal models will continue to enrich our understanding of the brain dysfunctions that occur in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Dana C Guhle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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6
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Greve JN, Marquardt A, Heiringhoff R, Reindl T, Thiel C, Di Donato N, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. The non-muscle actinopathy-associated mutation E334Q in cytoskeletal γ-actin perturbs interaction of actin filaments with myosin and ADF/cofilin family proteins. eLife 2024; 12:RP93013. [PMID: 38446501 PMCID: PMC10942649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various heterozygous cytoskeletal γ-actin mutations have been shown to cause Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome, non-syndromic hearing loss, or isolated eye coloboma. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of human cytoskeletal γ-actin carrying mutation E334Q, a mutation that leads to a hitherto unspecified non-muscle actinopathy. Following expression, purification, and removal of linker and thymosin β4 tag sequences, the p.E334Q monomers show normal integration into linear and branched actin filaments. The mutation does not affect thermal stability, actin filament nucleation, elongation, and turnover. Model building and normal mode analysis predict significant differences in the interaction of p.E334Q filaments with myosin motors and members of the ADF/cofilin family of actin-binding proteins. Assays probing the interactions of p.E334Q filaments with human class 2 and class 5 myosin motor constructs show significant reductions in sliding velocity and actin affinity. E334Q differentially affects cofilin-mediated actin dynamics by increasing the rate of cofilin-mediated de novo nucleation of actin filaments and decreasing the efficiency of cofilin-mediated filament severing. Thus, it is likely that p.E334Q-mediated changes in myosin motor activity, as well as filament turnover, contribute to the observed disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes N Greve
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Anja Marquardt
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Robin Heiringhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Theresia Reindl
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Claudia Thiel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | | | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- RESiST, Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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7
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Le AA, Lauterborn JC, Jia Y, Cox CD, Lynch G, Gall CM. Metabotropic NMDA Receptor Signaling Contributes to Sex Differences in Synaptic Plasticity and Episodic Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577478. [PMID: 38328108 PMCID: PMC10849651 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Men generally outperform women on encoding spatial components of episodic memory whereas the reverse holds for semantic elements. Here we show that female mice outperform males on tests for non-spatial aspects of episodic memory ("what", "when"), suggesting that the human findings are influenced by neurobiological factors common to mammals. Analysis of hippocampal synaptic plasticity mechanisms and encoding revealed unprecedented, sex-specific contributions of non-classical metabotropic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) functions. While both sexes used non-ionic NMDAR signaling to trigger actin polymerization needed to consolidate long-term potentiation (LTP), NMDAR GluN2B subunit antagonism blocked these effects in males only and had the corresponding sex-specific effect on episodic memory. Conversely, blocking estrogen receptor alpha eliminated metabotropic stabilization of LTP and episodic memory in females only. The results show that sex differences in metabotropic signaling critical for enduring synaptic plasticity in hippocampus have significant consequences for encoding episodic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza A. Le
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Julie C. Lauterborn
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Yousheng Jia
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Conor D. Cox
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California; Irvine, 92868, USA
| | - Christine M. Gall
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California; Irvine, 92697, USA
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Goldberg AR, Dovas A, Torres D, Sharma SD, Mela A, Merricks EM, Olabarria M, Shokooh LA, Zhao HT, Kotidis C, Calvaresi P, Viswanathan A, Banu MA, Razavilar A, Sudhakar TD, Saxena A, Chokran C, Humala N, Mahajan A, Xu W, Metz JB, Chen C, Bushong EA, Boassa D, Ellisman MH, Hillman EMC, McKhann GM, Gill BJA, Rosenfeld SS, Schevon CA, Bruce JN, Sims PA, Peterka DS, Canoll P. Glioma-Induced Alterations in Excitatory Neurons are Reversed by mTOR Inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575092. [PMID: 38293120 PMCID: PMC10827113 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors characterized by poor prognosis and composed of diffusely infiltrating tumor cells that intermingle with non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, including neurons. Neurons are increasingly appreciated as important reactive components of the glioma microenvironment, due to their role in causing hallmark glioma symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and seizures, as well as their potential ability to drive glioma progression. Separately, mTOR signaling has been shown to have pleiotropic effects in the brain tumor microenvironment, including regulation of neuronal hyperexcitability. However, the local cellular-level effects of mTOR inhibition on glioma-induced neuronal alterations are not well understood. Here we employed neuron-specific profiling of ribosome-bound mRNA via 'RiboTag,' morphometric analysis of dendritic spines, and in vivo calcium imaging, along with pharmacological mTOR inhibition to investigate the impact of glioma burden and mTOR inhibition on these neuronal alterations. The RiboTag analysis of tumor-associated excitatory neurons showed a downregulation of transcripts encoding excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic proteins and dendritic spine development, and an upregulation of transcripts encoding cytoskeletal proteins involved in dendritic spine turnover. Light and electron microscopy of tumor-associated excitatory neurons demonstrated marked decreases in dendritic spine density. In vivo two-photon calcium imaging in tumor-associated excitatory neurons revealed progressive alterations in neuronal activity, both at the population and single-neuron level, throughout tumor growth. This in vivo calcium imaging also revealed altered stimulus-evoked somatic calcium events, with changes in event rate, size, and temporal alignment to stimulus, which was most pronounced in neurons with high-tumor burden. A single acute dose of AZD8055, a combined mTORC1/2 inhibitor, reversed the glioma-induced alterations on the excitatory neurons, including the alterations in ribosome-bound transcripts, dendritic spine density, and stimulus evoked responses seen by calcium imaging. These results point to mTOR-driven pathological plasticity in neurons at the infiltrative margin of glioma - manifested by alterations in ribosome-bound mRNA, dendritic spine density, and stimulus-evoked neuronal activity. Collectively, our work identifies the pathological changes that tumor-associated excitatory neurons experience as both hyperlocal and reversible under the influence of mTOR inhibition, providing a foundation for developing therapies targeting neuronal signaling in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Goldberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Torres
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sohani Das Sharma
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Markel Olabarria
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Hanzhi T Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Corina Kotidis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Calvaresi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ashwin Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matei A Banu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aida Razavilar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tejaswi D Sudhakar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ankita Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cole Chokran
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weihao Xu
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jordan B Metz
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Cady Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Boassa
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian J A Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Darcy S Peterka
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Hafenbreidel M, Pandey S, Briggs SB, Arza M, Bonthu S, Fisher C, Tiller A, Hall AB, Reed S, Mayorga N, Lin L, Khan S, Cameron MD, Rumbaugh G, Miller CA. Basolateral amygdala corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 interacts with nonmuscle myosin II to destabilize memory in males. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 206:107865. [PMID: 37995804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies show that inhibiting the actin motor ATPase nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) with blebbistatin (Blebb) in the basolateral amgydala (BLA) depolymerizes actin, resulting in an immediate, retrieval-independent disruption of methamphetamine (METH)-associated memory in male and female adult and adolescent rodents. The effect is highly selective, as NMII inhibition has no effect in other relevant brain regions (e.g., dorsal hippocampus [dPHC], nucleus accumbens [NAc]), nor does it interfere with associations for other aversive or appetitive stimuli, including cocaine (COC). To understand the mechanisms responsible for drug specific selectivity we began by investigating, in male mice, the pharmacokinetic differences in METH and COC brain exposure . Replicating METH's longer half-life with COC did not render the COC association susceptible to disruption by NMII inhibition. Therefore, we next assessed transcriptional differences. Comparative RNA-seq profiling in the BLA, dHPC and NAc following METH or COC conditioning identified crhr2, which encodes the corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2), as uniquely upregulated by METH in the BLA. CRF2 antagonism with Astressin-2B (AS2B) had no effect on METH-associated memory after consolidation, allowing for determination of CRF2 influences on NMII-based susceptibility. Pretreatment with AS2B prevented the ability of Blebb to disrupt an established METH-associated memory. Alternatively, combining CRF2 overexpression and agonist treatment, urocortin 3 (UCN3), in the BLA during conditioning rendered COC-associated memory susceptible to disruption by NMII inhibition, mimicking the Blebb-induced, retrieval-independent memory disruption seen with METH. These results suggest that BLA CRF2 receptor activation during memory formation in male mice can prevent stabilization of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton supporting the memory, rendering it vulnerable to disruption by NMII inhibition. CRF2 represents an interesting target for BLA-dependent memory destabilization via downstream effects on NMII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Hafenbreidel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Surya Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Sherri B Briggs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Meghana Arza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Shalakha Bonthu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Cadence Fisher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Annika Tiller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Alice B Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Shayna Reed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Natasha Mayorga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Susan Khan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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10
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Hafenbreidel M, Briggs SB, Arza M, Bonthu S, Fisher C, Tiller A, Hall AB, Reed S, Mayorga N, Lin L, Khan S, Cameron MD, Rumbaugh G, Miller CA. Basolateral Amygdala Corticotrophin Releasing Factor Receptor 2 Interacts with Nonmuscle Myosin II to Destabilize Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541732. [PMID: 37292925 PMCID: PMC10245849 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting the actin motor ATPase nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) with blebbistatin (Blebb) in the basolateral amgydala (BLA) depolymerizes actin, resulting in an immediate, retrieval-independent disruption of methamphetamine (METH)-associated memory. The effect is highly selective, as NMII inhibition has no effect in other relevant brain regions (e.g. dorsal hippocampus [dPHC], nucleus accumbens [NAc]), nor does it interfere with associations for other aversive or appetitive stimuli, including cocaine (COC). To investigate a potential source of this specificity, pharmacokinetic differences in METH and COC brain exposure were examined. Replicating METH's longer half-life with COC did not render the COC association susceptible to disruption by NMII inhibition. Therefore, transcriptional differences were next assessed. Comparative RNA-seq profiling in the BLA, dHPC and NAc following METH or COC conditioning identified crhr2, which encodes the corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2), as uniquely upregulated by METH in the BLA. CRF2 antagonism with Astressin-2B (AS2B) had no effect on METH-associated memory after consolidation, allowing for determination of CRF2 influences on NMII-based susceptibility after METH conditioning. Pretreatment with AS2B occluded the ability of Blebb to disrupt an established METH-associated memory. Alternatively, the Blebb-induced, retrieval-independent memory disruption seen with METH was mimicked for COC when combined with CRF2 overexpression in the BLA and its ligand, UCN3 during conditioning. These results indicate that BLA CRF2 receptor activation during learning can prevent stabilization of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton supporting the memory, rendering it vulnerable to disruption via NMII inhibition. CRF2 represents an interesting target for BLA-dependent memory destabilization via downstream effects on NMII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Hafenbreidel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Sherri B Briggs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Meghana Arza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Shalakha Bonthu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Cadence Fisher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Annika Tiller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29464
| | - Alice B Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Shayna Reed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Natasha Mayorga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Susan Khan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
- Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology Jupiter, FL, 33458
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11
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Gall CM, Le AA, Lynch G. Sex differences in synaptic plasticity underlying learning. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:764-782. [PMID: 33847004 PMCID: PMC10337639 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although sex differences in learning behaviors are well documented, sexual dimorphism in the synaptic processes of encoding is only recently appreciated. Studies in male rodents have built upon the discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP), and acceptance of this activity-dependent increase in synaptic strength as a mechanism of encoding, to identify synaptic receptors and signaling activities that coordinate the activity-dependent remodeling of the subsynaptic actin cytoskeleton that is critical for enduring potentiation and memory. These molecular substrates together with other features of LTP, as characterized in males, have provided an explanation for a range of memory phenomena including multiple stages of consolidation, the efficacy of spaced training, and the location of engrams at the level of individual synapses. In the present report, we summarize these findings and describe more recent results from our laboratories showing that in females the same actin regulatory mechanisms are required for hippocampal LTP and memory but, in females only, the engagement of both modulatory receptors such as TrkB and synaptic signaling intermediaries including Src and ERK1/2 requires neuron-derived estrogen and signaling through membrane-associated estrogen receptor α (ERα). Moreover, in association with the additional ERα involvement, females exhibit a higher threshold for hippocampal LTP and spatial learning. We propose that the distinct LTP threshold in females contributes to as yet unappreciated sex differences in information processing and features of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aliza A. Le
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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12
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Kudryashova I. Presynaptic Plasticity Is Associated with Actin Polymerization. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:392-403. [PMID: 37076285 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of presynaptic short-term plasticity induced by actin polymerization was studied in rat hippocampal slices using the paired-pulse paradigm. Schaffer collaterals were stimulated with paired pulses with a 70-ms interstimulus interval every 30 s before and during perfusion with jasplakinolide, an activator of actin polymerization. Jasplakinolide application resulted in the increase in the amplitudes of CA3-CA1 responses (potentiation) accompanied by a decrease in the paired-pulse facilitation, suggesting induction of presynaptic modifications. Jasplakinolide-induced potentiation depended on the initial paired-pulse rate. These data indicate that the jasplakinolide-mediated changes in actin polymerization increased the probability of neurotransmitter release. Less typical for CA3-CA1 synapses responses, such as a very low paired-pulse ratio (close to 1 or even lower) or even paired-pulse depression, were affected differently. Thus, jasplakinolide caused potentiation of the second, but not the first response to the paired stimulus, which increased the paired-pulse ratio from 0.8 to 1.0 on average, suggesting a negative impact of jasplakinolide on the mechanisms promoting paired-pulse depression. In general, actin polymerization facilitated potentiation, although the patterns of potentiation differed depending on the initial synapse characteristics. We conclude that in addition to the increase in the neurotransmitter release probability, jasplakinolide induced other actin polymerization-dependent mechanisms, including those involved in the paired-pulse depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kudryashova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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13
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Wit CB, Hiesinger PR. Neuronal filopodia: From stochastic dynamics to robustness of brain morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:10-19. [PMID: 35397971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain development relies on dynamic morphogenesis and interactions of neurons. Filopodia are thin and highly dynamic membrane protrusions that are critically required for neuronal development and neuronal interactions with the environment. Filopodial interactions are typically characterized by non-deterministic dynamics, yet their involvement in developmental processes leads to stereotypic and robust outcomes. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how filopodial dynamics contribute to neuronal differentiation, migration, axonal and dendritic growth and synapse formation. Many of these advances are brought about by improved methods of live observation in intact developing brains. Recent findings integrate known and novel roles ranging from exploratory sensors and decision-making agents to pools for selection and mechanical functions. Different types of filopodial dynamics thereby reveal non-deterministic subcellular decision-making processes as part of genetically encoded brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte B Wit
- Devision of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Robin Hiesinger
- Devision of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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KASAI H. Unraveling the mysteries of dendritic spine dynamics: Five key principles shaping memory and cognition. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 99:254-305. [PMID: 37821392 PMCID: PMC10749395 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent research extends our understanding of brain processes beyond just action potentials and chemical transmissions within neural circuits, emphasizing the mechanical forces generated by excitatory synapses on dendritic spines to modulate presynaptic function. From in vivo and in vitro studies, we outline five central principles of synaptic mechanics in brain function: P1: Stability - Underpinning the integral relationship between the structure and function of the spine synapses. P2: Extrinsic dynamics - Highlighting synapse-selective structural plasticity which plays a crucial role in Hebbian associative learning, distinct from pathway-selective long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). P3: Neuromodulation - Analyzing the role of G-protein-coupled receptors, particularly dopamine receptors, in time-sensitive modulation of associative learning frameworks such as Pavlovian classical conditioning and Thorndike's reinforcement learning (RL). P4: Instability - Addressing the intrinsic dynamics crucial to memory management during continual learning, spotlighting their role in "spine dysgenesis" associated with mental disorders. P5: Mechanics - Exploring how synaptic mechanics influence both sides of synapses to establish structural traces of short- and long-term memory, thereby aiding the integration of mental functions. We also delve into the historical background and foresee impending challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo KASAI
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Chen X, Ma L, Zhao J, Pan X, Chen S. Effect of empagliflozin on cytoskeletal repair in the hippocampus of obese mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1000839. [PMID: 36408417 PMCID: PMC9667058 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on hippocampal phosphorylated protein levels in obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen obese mice successfully modeled on high-fat diet were randomly divided into high-fat feeding group (group H) and empagliflozin group (group H + empagliflozin, group E), eight mice in each group, and eight C57BL/6J male normal mice were selected as the control group (normal control, group C). Group E was treated with empagliflozin 10 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks, while mice in groups H and C were treated with equal amounts of saline. The spatial learning memory ability of the mice was determined by the Morris water maze experiment. Further, their body weights and serological indices were measured. Finally, total proteins were extracted from hippocampal tissues for functional analysis by the phosphorylated proteomics method. RESULTS The results showed that escape latency was prolonged, retention time in the target quadrant was shortened, and the number of loop penetrations was reduced in the obese mice induced by a high-calorie diet compared with normal controls, whereas escape latency was shortened, retention time in the target quadrant was increased, and the number of loop penetrations was increased after empagliflozin treatment. Phosphoproteomics in the high-fat/control (H/C), empagliflozin/high-fat (E/H), and E/C groups showed 844, 1,552, and 1,512 differentially significant phosphorylation sites, respectively. The proteins corresponding to these differentially phosphorylated sites were mainly involved in neurodegenerative pathways and actin cytoskeleton regulation. Notably, myosin heavy chain 10 (MYH10), p21 protein-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), phosphatidylinositol 3 -phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve), and other differentially phosphorylated proteins were involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. CONCLUSION We concluded that empagliflozin protects cognitive functions by inducing serine phosphorylation in MYH10, PAK4, and PIKfyve in the hippocampal tissue of obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Shuchun Chen,
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16
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A Uniform and Isotropic Cytoskeletal Tiling Fills Dendritic Spines. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0342-22.2022. [PMID: 36216507 PMCID: PMC9617608 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0342-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are submicron, subcellular compartments whose shape is defined by actin filaments and associated proteins. Accurately mapping the cytoskeleton is a challenge, given the small size of its components. It remains unclear whether the actin-associated structures analyzed in dendritic spines of neurons in vitro apply to dendritic spines of intact, mature neurons in situ. Here, we combined advanced preparative methods with multitilt serial section electron microscopy (EM) tomography and computational analysis to reveal the full three-dimensional (3D) internal architecture of spines in the intact brains of male mice at nanometer resolution. We compared hippocampal (CA1) pyramidal cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells in terms of the length distribution and connectivity of filaments, their branching-angles and absolute orientations, and the elementary loops formed by the network. Despite differences in shape and size across spines and between spine heads and necks, the internal organization was remarkably similar in both neuron types and largely homogeneous throughout the spine volume. In the tortuous mesh of highly branched and interconnected filaments, branches exhibited no preferred orientation except in the immediate vicinity of the cell membrane. We found that new filaments preferentially split off from the convex side of a bending filament, consistent with the behavior of Arp2/3-mediated branching of actin under mechanical deformation. Based on the quantitative analysis, the spine cytoskeleton is likely subject to considerable mechanical force in situ.
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17
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Mapping the dynamics of insulin-responsive pathways in the blood-brain barrier endothelium using time-series transcriptomics data. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:29. [PMID: 35974022 PMCID: PMC9381797 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including cerebral blood flow, energy metabolism, and immunomodulation, are regulated by insulin signaling pathways. Therefore, endothelial insulin resistance could lead to BBB dysfunction, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study aims to map the dynamics of insulin-responsive pathways in polarized human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (hCMEC/D3) monolayers. RNA-Sequencing was performed on hCMEC/D3 monolayers with and without insulin treatment at various time points. The Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) method was used to identify gene clusters with distinct and representative expression patterns. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of genes from selected clusters were conducted using Webgestalt and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Quantitative expression differences of 16,570 genes between insulin-treated and control monolayers were determined at five-time points. The STEM software identified 12 significant clusters with 6880 genes that displayed distinct temporal patterns upon insulin exposure, and the clusters were further divided into three groups. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that biological processes protecting BBB functions such as regulation of vascular development and actin cytoskeleton reorganization were upregulated after insulin treatment (Group 1 and 2). In contrast, GO pathways related to inflammation, such as response to interferon-gamma, were downregulated (Group 3). The IPA analyses further identified insulin-responsive cellular and molecular pathways that are associated with AD pathology. These findings unravel the dynamics of insulin action on the BBB endothelium and inform about downstream signaling cascades that are potentially disrupted due to brain insulin resistance prevalent in AD.
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18
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Li X, Yuan RR, Wang Q, Chai S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Huang SH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates LYN kinase-mediated myosin light chain kinase activation to modulate nonmuscle myosin II activity in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102054. [PMID: 35598826 PMCID: PMC9194867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins belong to a large superfamily of actin-dependent molecular motors. Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is involved in the morphology and function of neurons, but little is known about how NM II activity is regulated. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a prevalent neurotrophic factor in the brain that encourages growth and differentiation of neurons and synapses. In this study, we report that BDNF upregulates the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MLC2), to increases the activity of NM II. The role of BDNF on modulating the phosphorylation of MLC2 was validated by using Western blotting in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. This result was confirmed by injecting BDNF into the dorsal hippocampus of mice and detecting the phosphorylation level of MLC2 by Western blotting. We further perform coimmunoprecipitation assay to confirm that this process depends on the activation of the LYN kinase through binding with tyrosine kinase receptor B, the receptor of BDNF, in a kinase activity-dependent manner. LYN kinase subsequently phosphorylates MLCK, further promoting the phosphorylation of MLC2. Taken together, our results suggest a new molecular mechanism by which BDNF regulates MLC2 activity, which provides a new perspective for further understanding the functional regulation of NM II in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong-Rong Yuan
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouyu Chai
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Yang Y, Liu JJ. Structural LTP: Signal transduction, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, and membrane remodeling of dendritic spines. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 74:102534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Motz CT, Kabat V, Saxena T, Bellamkonda RV, Zhu C. Neuromechanobiology: An Expanding Field Driven by the Force of Greater Focus. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100102. [PMID: 34342167 PMCID: PMC8497434 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain processes information by transmitting signals through highly connected and dynamic networks of neurons. Neurons use specific cellular structures, including axons, dendrites and synapses, and specific molecules, including cell adhesion molecules, ion channels and chemical receptors to form, maintain and communicate among cells in the networks. These cellular and molecular processes take place in environments rich of mechanical cues, thus offering ample opportunities for mechanical regulation of neural development and function. Recent studies have suggested the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the development and maintenance of these neuronal structures. Also suggested are the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the interaction and function of molecules mediating the interneuronal communications. In this review, the current understanding is integrated and promising future directions of neuromechanobiology are suggested at the cellular and molecular levels. Several neuronal processes where mechanics likely plays a role are examined and how forces affect ligand binding, conformational change, and signal induction of molecules key to these neuronal processes are indicated, especially at the synapse. The disease relevance of neuromechanobiology as well as therapies and engineering solutions to neurological disorders stemmed from this emergent field of study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara T Motz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Victoria Kabat
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Tarun Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ravi V Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
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21
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Kudryashova IV. The Reorganization of the Actin Matrix as a Factor of Presynaptic Plasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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RGS14 Regulation of Post-Synaptic Signaling and Spine Plasticity in Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136823. [PMID: 34201943 PMCID: PMC8268017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional signaling protein that regulates post synaptic plasticity in neurons. RGS14 is expressed in the brain regions essential for learning, memory, emotion, and stimulus-induced behaviors, including the basal ganglia, limbic system, and cortex. Behaviorally, RGS14 regulates spatial and object memory, female-specific responses to cued fear conditioning, and environmental- and psychostimulant-induced locomotion. At the cellular level, RGS14 acts as a scaffolding protein that integrates G protein, Ras/ERK, and calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways essential for spine plasticity and cell signaling, allowing RGS14 to naturally suppress long-term potentiation (LTP) and structural plasticity in hippocampal area CA2 pyramidal cells. Recent proteomics findings indicate that RGS14 also engages the actomyosin system in the brain, perhaps to impact spine morphogenesis. Of note, RGS14 is also a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, where its role in the nucleus remains uncertain. Balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are likely essential for RGS14 neuronal functions as a regulator of synaptic plasticity. Supporting this idea, human genetic variants disrupting RGS14 localization also disrupt RGS14’s effects on plasticity. This review will focus on the known and unexplored roles of RGS14 in cell signaling, physiology, disease and behavior.
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Helicobacter pylori regulates ILK to influence autophagy through Rac1 and RhoA signaling pathways in gastric epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105054. [PMID: 34146643 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Helicobacter pylori to manipulate host autophagy is an important pathogenic mechanism. We found an inverse correlation between the expression of ILK and the autophagy marker protein LC3B in H. pylori-positive human samples, H. pylori-infected mice models and H. pylori-infected GES-1 cell lines. When the ILK-knockdown GES-1 cells were infected by H. pylori, CagA were significantly degraded, autophagosomes accumulation and autolysosomes formation were significantly increased, and LC3B protein levels and ratio of LC3BII to LC3BI were also remarkably upregulated. And chloroquine treatment increased LC3B levels in ILK-knockdown GES-1 cells. The expression levels of both Rac1 and RhoA were downregulated in GES-1 cells after H. pylori infection and were decreased in ILK-knockdown GES-1 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PAK1, MLC, and LIMK were significantly decreased and cofilin mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in GES-1 cells treated with the Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766. The mRNA and protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, MLC, and LIMK1 were significantly reduced and cofilin mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in GES-1 cells treated with the RhoA inhibitor CCG-1423. F-actin was significantly reduced in Rac1- or RhoA-inhibited GES-1 cells. F-actin depolymerization induced autophagosomes accumulation, autolysosomes formation, and the increase of LC3B levels in GES-1 cells. Therefore, these findings revealed that ILK could serve as a novel regulator to affect Rac1/PAK1 and RhoA/ROCKs signaling pathways, thereby influencing H. pylori-induced autophagy.
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24
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Bi AL, Zhang YY, Lu ZY, Tang HY, Zhang XY, Zhang ZH, Li BQ, Guo DD, Gong S, Li Q, Wang XR, Lu XZ, Bi HS. Synaptosomal Actin Dynamics in the Developmental Visual Cortex Regulate Behavioral Visual Acuity in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 34137807 PMCID: PMC8212442 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Synaptosomal actin dynamics are essential for synaptic structural stability. Whether actin dynamics are involved in structural and functional synaptic plasticity within the primary visual cortex (V1) or behavioral visual acuity in rats has still not been thoroughly investigated. Methods Synaptosome preparation and western blot analysis were used to analyze synaptosomal actin dynamics. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect synaptic density and mitochondrial area alterations. A visual water maze task was applied to assess behavioral visual acuity. Microinjection of the actin polymerization inhibitor or stabilizer detected the effect of actin dynamics on visual function. Results Actin dynamics, the mitochondrial area, and synaptic density within the area of V1 are increased during the critical period for the development of binocularity. Microinjection of the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D into the V1 decreased the mitochondrial area, synaptic density, and behavioral visual acuity. Long-term monocular deprivation reduced actin dynamics, the mitochondrial area, and synaptic density within the V1 contralateral to the deprived eye compared with those ipsilateral to the deprived eye and impaired visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. In addition, the mitochondrial area, synaptic density, and behavioral visual acuity were improved by stabilization of actin polymerization by jasplakinolide microinjection. Conclusions During the critical period of visual development of binocularity, synaptosomal actin dynamics regulate synaptic structure and function and play roles in behavioral visual acuity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Eye Institute of the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Ying Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Ying Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Han Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo-Qin Li
- Ultrastructural Laboratory, Shandong WEI-YA Biotech Company, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Dong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Eye Institute of the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sheng Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xing-Rong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Eye Institute of the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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25
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Kasai H, Ziv NE, Okazaki H, Yagishita S, Toyoizumi T. Spine dynamics in the brain, mental disorders and artificial neural networks. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:407-422. [PMID: 34050339 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, most synapses are formed on minute protrusions known as dendritic spines. Unlike their artificial intelligence counterparts, spines are not merely tuneable memory elements: they also embody algorithms that implement the brain's ability to learn from experience and cope with new challenges. Importantly, they exhibit structural dynamics that depend on activity, excitatory input and inhibitory input (synaptic plasticity or 'extrinsic' dynamics) and dynamics independent of activity ('intrinsic' dynamics), both of which are subject to neuromodulatory influences and reinforcers such as dopamine. Here we succinctly review extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics, compare these with parallels in machine learning where they exist, describe the importance of intrinsic dynamics for memory management and adaptation, and speculate on how disruption of extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics may give rise to mental disorders. Throughout, we also highlight algorithmic features of spine dynamics that may be relevant to future artificial intelligence developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noam E Ziv
- Technion Faculty of Medicine and Network Biology Research Labs, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hitoshi Okazaki
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yagishita
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoizumi
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Mathematical Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Lo LHY, Dong R, Lyu Q, Lai KO. The Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT8 and Substrate G3BP1 Control Rac1-PAK1 Signaling and Actin Cytoskeleton for Dendritic Spine Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107744. [PMID: 32521269 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses of neurons are located on dendritic spines. Spine maturation is essential for the stability of synapses and memory consolidation, and overproduction of the immature filopodia is associated with brain disorders. The structure and function of synapses can be modulated by protein post-translational modification (PTM). Arginine methylation is a major PTM that regulates chromatin structure, transcription, and splicing within the nucleus. Here we find that the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 is present at neuronal synapses and its expression is upregulated in the hippocampus when dendritic spine maturation occurs. Depletion of PRMT8 leads to overabundance of filopodia and mis-localization of excitatory synapses. Mechanistically, PRMT8 promotes dendritic spine morphology through methylation of the dendritic RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and suppression of the Rac1-PAK1 signaling pathway to control synaptic actin dynamics. Our findings unravel arginine methylation as a crucial regulatory mechanism for actin cytoskeleton during synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Hoi-Ying Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quanwei Lyu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Oyigeya M. Reflex memory theory of acquired involuntary motor and sensory disorders. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Explicit and implicit memories are conserved but flexible biological tools that nature uses to regulate the daily behaviors of human beings. An aberrant form of the implicit memory is presumed to exist and may be contributory to the pathophysiology of disorders such as tardive syndromes, phantom phenomena, flashback, posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and related disorders. These disorders have posed significant clinical problems for both patients and physicians for centuries. All extant pathophysiological theories of these disorders have failed to provide basis for effective treatment.
Objective
The objective of this article is to propose an alternative pathophysiological theory that will hopefully lead to new treatment approaches.
Methods
The author sourced over 60 journal articles that treated topics on memory, and involuntary motor and sensory disorders, from open access journals using Google Scholar, and reviewed them and this helped in the formulation of this theory.
Results
From the reviews, the author thinks physical or chemical insult to the nervous system can cause defective circuit remodeling, leading to generation of a variant of implicit (automatic) memory, herein called “reflex memory” and this is encoded interoceptively to contribute to these phenomena states.
Conclusion
Acquired involuntary motor and sensory disorders are caused by defective circuit remodeling involving multiple neural mechanisms. Dysregulation of excitatory neurotransmitters, calcium overload, homeostatic failure, and neurotoxicity are implicated in the process. Sustained effects of these defective mechanisms are encoded interoceptively as abnormal memory in the neurons and the conscious manifestations are these disorders. Extant theories failed to recognize this possibility.
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28
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Wang XX, Zhang S, Dong PP, Li YH, Zhang L, Shi SH, Yu ZQ, Chen S. MRCKβ links Dasm1 to actin rearrangements to promote dendrite development. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100730. [PMID: 33933448 PMCID: PMC8191314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper dendrite morphogenesis and synapse formation are essential for neuronal development and function. Dasm1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is known to promote dendrite outgrowth and excitatory synapse maturation in vitro. However, the in vivo function of Dasm1 in neuronal development and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To learn more, Dasm1 knockout mice were constructed and employed to confirm that Dasm1 regulates dendrite arborization and spine formation in vivo. We performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using Dasm1, revealing MRCKβ as a putative partner; additional lines of evidence confirmed this interaction and identified cytoplasmic proline-rich region (823–947 aa) of Dasm1 and MRCKβ self-activated kinase domain (CC1, 410–744 aa) as necessary and sufficient for binding. Using co-immunoprecipitation assay, autophosphorylation assay, and BS3 cross-linking assay, we show that Dasm1 binding triggers a change in MRCKβ’s conformation and subsequent dimerization, resulting in autophosphorylation and activation. Activated MRCKβ in turn phosphorylates a class 2 regulatory myosin light chain, which leads to enhanced actin rearrangement, causing the dendrite outgrowth and spine formation observed before. Removal of Dasm1 in mice leads to behavioral abnormalities. Together, these results reveal a crucial molecular pathway mediating cell surface and intracellular signaling communication to regulate actin dynamics and neuronal development in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Ping Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao-Hua Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Eye Department, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Bonilla-Quintana M, Wörgötter F. Exploring new roles for actin upon LTP induction in dendritic spines. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7072. [PMID: 33782451 PMCID: PMC8007616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines, small protrusions of the dendrites, enlarge upon LTP induction, linking morphological and functional properties. Although the role of actin in spine enlargement has been well studied, little is known about its relationship with mechanical membrane properties, such as membrane tension, which is involved in many cell processes, like exocytosis. Here, we use a 3D model of the dendritic spine to investigate how polymerization of actin filaments can effectively elevate the membrane tension to trigger exocytosis in a domain close to the tip of the spine. Moreover, we show that the same pool of actin promotes full membrane fusion after exocytosis and spine stabilization.
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30
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Quintanilla J, Cox BM, Gall CM, Mahler SV, Lynch G. Retrograde enhancement of episodic learning by a postlearning stimulus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:82-86. [PMID: 33593926 PMCID: PMC7888236 DOI: 10.1101/lm.052191.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests encoding of recent episodic experiences may be enhanced by a subsequent salient event. We tested this hypothesis by giving rats a 3-min unsupervised experience with four odors and measuring retention after different delays. Animals recognized that a novel element had been introduced to the odor set at 24 but not 48 h. However, when odor sampling was followed within 5 min by salient light flashes or bedding odor, the memory lasted a full 2 d. These results describe a retroactive influence of salience to promote storage of episodic information and introduce a unique model for studying underlying plasticity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Quintanilla
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Brittney M Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Christine M Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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31
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Alexander CJ, Barzik M, Fujiwara I, Remmert K, Wang YX, Petralia RS, Friedman TB, Hammer JA. Myosin 18Aα targets the guanine nucleotide exchange factor β-Pix to the dendritic spines of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and promotes spine maturation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21092. [PMID: 33378124 PMCID: PMC8357457 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001449r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myosin 18Aα is a myosin 2-like protein containing unique N- and C-terminal protein interaction domains that co-assembles with myosin 2. One protein known to bind to myosin 18Aα is β-Pix, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac1 and Cdc42 that has been shown to promote dendritic spine maturation by activating the assembly of actin and myosin filaments in spines. Here, we show that myosin 18A⍺ concentrates in the spines of cerebellar Purkinje neurons via co-assembly with myosin 2 and through an actin binding site in its N-terminal extension. miRNA-mediated knockdown of myosin 18A⍺ results in a significant defect in spine maturation that is rescued by an RNAi-immune version of myosin 18A⍺. Importantly, β-Pix co-localizes with myosin 18A⍺ in spines, and its spine localization is lost upon myosin 18A⍺ knockdown or when its myosin 18A⍺ binding site is deleted. Finally, we show that the spines of myosin 18A⍺ knockdown Purkinje neurons contain significantly less F-actin and myosin 2. Together, these data argue that mixed filaments of myosin 2 and myosin 18A⍺ form a complex with β-Pix in Purkinje neuron spines that promotes spine maturation by enhancing the assembly of actin and myosin filaments downstream of β-Pix's GEF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Alexander
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Barzik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ikuko Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD, NIH, Betheda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - John A Hammer
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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32
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Khan R, Kulasiri D, Samarasinghe S. Functional repertoire of protein kinases and phosphatases in synaptic plasticity and associated neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1150-1157. [PMID: 33269764 PMCID: PMC8224123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are two essential and vital cellular mechanisms that regulate many receptors and enzymes through kinases and phosphatases. Ca2+- dependent kinases and phosphatases are responsible for controlling neuronal processing; balance is achieved through opposition. During molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, kinases generally modulate positively while phosphatases modulate negatively. This review outlines some of the critical physiological and structural aspects of kinases and phosphatases involved in maintaining postsynaptic structural plasticity. It also explores the link between neuronal disorders and the deregulation of phosphatases and kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Khan
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Don Kulasiri
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Samarasinghe
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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33
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Mochida S. Neurotransmitter Release Site Replenishment and Presynaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010327. [PMID: 33396919 PMCID: PMC7794938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An action potential (AP) triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles (SVs) docking to a specialized release site of presynaptic plasma membrane, the active zone (AZ). The AP simultaneously controls the release site replenishment with SV for sustainable synaptic transmission in response to incoming neuronal signals. Although many studies have suggested that the replenishment time is relatively slow, recent studies exploring high speed resolution have revealed SV dynamics with milliseconds timescale after an AP. Accurate regulation is conferred by proteins sensing Ca2+ entering through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels opened by an AP. This review summarizes how millisecond Ca2+ dynamics activate multiple protein cascades for control of the release site replenishment with release-ready SVs that underlie presynaptic short-term plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Mochida
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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34
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Pham L, Wright DK, O'Brien WT, Bain J, Huang C, Sun M, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shah AD, Schittenhelm RB, Sobey CG, Brady RD, O'Brien TJ, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Behavioral, axonal, and proteomic alterations following repeated mild traumatic brain injury: Novel insights using a clinically relevant rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105151. [PMID: 33127468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is linked to a number of chronic neurological conditions, however there is still much unknown about the underlying mechanisms. To provide new insights, this study used a clinically relevant model of repeated mTBI in rats to characterize the acute and chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral consequences of these injuries. Rats were given four sham-injuries or four mTBIs and allocated to 7-day or 3.5-months post-injury recovery groups. Behavioral analysis assessed sensorimotor function, locomotion, anxiety, and spatial memory. Neuropathological analysis included serum quantification of neurofilament light (NfL), mass spectrometry of the hippocampal proteome, and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Repeated mTBI rats had evidence of acute cognitive deficits and prolonged sensorimotor impairments. Serum NfL was elevated at 7 days post injury, with levels correlating with sensorimotor deficits; however, no NfL differences were observed at 3.5 months. Several hippocampal proteins were altered by repeated mTBI, including those associated with energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, and impaired neurogenic capacity. Diffusion MRI analysis at 3.5 months found widespread reductions in white matter integrity. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the nature and progression of repeated mTBI neuropathology that may underlie lingering or chronic neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Hwang H, Hur YN, Sohn H, Seo J, Hong JH, Cho E, Choi Y, Lee S, Song S, Lee AR, Kim S, Jo DG, Rhim H, Park M. Cyclin Y, a novel actin-binding protein, regulates spine plasticity through the cofilin-actin pathway. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 198:101915. [PMID: 32966834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While positive regulators of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) have extensively been investigated, relatively little is known about the inhibitory regulators of LTP. We previously reported that Cyclin Y (CCNY), a member of cyclin family generally known to function in proliferating cells, is a novel postsynaptic protein that serves as a negative regulator of functional LTP. However, whether CCNY plays a role in structural LTP, which is mechanistically linked to functional LTP, and which mechanisms are involved in the CCNY-mediated suppression of LTP at the molecular level remain elusive. Here, we report that CCNY negatively regulates the plasticity-induced changes in spine morphology through the control of actin dynamics. We observed that CCNY directly binds to filamentous actin and interferes with LTP-induced actin polymerization as well as depolymerization by blocking the activation of cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing factor, thus resulting in less plastic spines and the impairment of structural LTP. These data suggest that CCNY acts as an inhibitory regulator for both structural and functional LTP by modulating actin dynamics through the cofilin-actin pathway. Collectively, our findings provide a mechanistic insight into the inhibitory modulation of hippocampal LTP by CCNY, highlighting a novel function of a cyclin family protein in non-proliferating neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongik Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young-Na Hur
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Heesung Sohn
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Seo
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Hong
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Eunsil Cho
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Saebom Lee
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Seongeun Song
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - A-Ram Lee
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
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Mikhaylova M, Rentsch J, Ewers H. Actomyosin Contractility in the Generation and Plasticity of Axons and Dendritic Spines. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092006. [PMID: 32882840 PMCID: PMC7565476 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin and non-muscle myosins have long been known to play important roles in growth cone steering and neurite outgrowth. More recently, novel functions for non-muscle myosin have been described in axons and dendritic spines. Consequently, possible roles of actomyosin contraction in organizing and maintaining structural properties of dendritic spines, the size and location of axon initial segment and axonal diameter are emerging research topics. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings involving myosin localization and function in these compartments and to discuss possible roles for actomyosin in their function and the signaling pathways that control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mikhaylova
- RG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- DFG Emmy Noether Group ‘Neuronal Protein Transport’, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (H.E.); Tel.: +49-4074-1055-815 (M.M.); +49-30-838-60644 (H.E.)
| | - Jakob Rentsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Helge Ewers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (H.E.); Tel.: +49-4074-1055-815 (M.M.); +49-30-838-60644 (H.E.)
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Conventional and Non-Conventional Roles of Non-Muscle Myosin II-Actin in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091926. [PMID: 32825197 PMCID: PMC7566000 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are motor proteins that use chemical energy to produce mechanical forces driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In the brain, the conventional non-muscle myosin II (NMII) regulates actin filament cytoskeletal assembly and contractile forces during structural remodeling of axons and dendrites, contributing to morphology, polarization, and migration of neurons during brain development. NMII isoforms also participate in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity by driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics during synaptic vesicle release and retrieval, and formation, maturation, and remodeling of dendritic spines. NMIIs are expressed differentially in cerebral non-neuronal cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, wherein they play key functions in inflammation, myelination, and repair. Besides major efforts to understand the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of NMIIs in the nervous system, their contributions to brain pathologies are still largely unclear. Nonetheless, genetic mutations or deregulation of NMII and its regulatory effectors are linked to autism, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and neurodegeneration, indicating non-conventional roles of NMIIs in cellular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we summarize the emerging biological roles of NMIIs in the brain, and discuss how actomyosin signaling contributes to dysfunction of neurons and glial cells in the context of neurological disorders. This knowledge is relevant for a deep understanding of NMIIs on the pathogenesis and therapeutics of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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38
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Horváth ÁI, Gyimesi M, Várkuti BH, Képiró M, Szegvári G, Lőrincz I, Hegyi G, Kovács M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Effect of allosteric inhibition of non-muscle myosin 2 on its intracellular diffusion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13341. [PMID: 32769996 PMCID: PMC7415145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular dynamics of non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) is crucial for a broad-array of cellular functions. To unveil mechanisms of NM2 pharmacological control, we determined how the dynamics of NM2 diffusion is affected by NM2′s allosteric inhibitors, i.e. blebbistatin derivatives, as compared to Y-27632 inhibiting ROCK, NM2′s upstream regulator. We found that NM2 diffusion is markedly faster in central fibers than in peripheral stress fibers. Y-27632 accelerated NM2 diffusion in both peripheral and central fibers, whereas in peripheral fibers blebbistatin derivatives slightly accelerated NM2 diffusion at low, but markedly slowed it at high inhibitor concentrations. In contrast, rapid NM2 diffusion in central fibers was unaffected by direct NM2 inhibition. Using our optopharmacological tool, Molecular Tattoo, sub-effective concentrations of a photo-crosslinkable blebbistatin derivative were increased to effective levels in a small, irradiated area of peripheral fibers. These findings suggest that direct allosteric inhibition affects the diffusion profile of NM2 in a markedly different manner compared to the disruption of the upstream control of NM2. The pharmacological action of myosin inhibitors is channeled through autonomous molecular processes and might be affected by the load acting on the NM2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám I Horváth
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka H Várkuti
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Képiró
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szegvári
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Lőrincz
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Hegyi
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Weiss AR, Liguore WA, Domire JS, Button D, McBride JL. Intra-striatal AAV2.retro administration leads to extensive retrograde transport in the rhesus macaque brain: implications for disease modeling and therapeutic development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6970. [PMID: 32332773 PMCID: PMC7181773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, AAV2.retro, a new capsid variant capable of efficient retrograde transport in brain, was generated in mice using a directed evolution approach. However, it remains unclear to what degree transport will be recapitulated in the substantially larger and more complex nonhuman primate (NHP) brain. Here, we compared the biodistribution of AAV2.retro with its parent serotype, AAV2, in adult macaques following delivery into the caudate and putamen, brain regions which comprise the striatum. While AAV2 transduction was primarily limited to the injected brain regions, AAV2.retro transduced cells in the striatum and in dozens of cortical and subcortical regions with known striatal afferents. We then evaluated the capability of AAV2.retro to deliver disease-related gene cargo to biologically-relevant NHP brain circuits by packaging a fragment of human mutant HTT, the causative gene mutation in Huntington’s disease. Following intra-striatal delivery, pathological mHTT-positive protein aggregates were distributed widely among cognitive, motor, and limbic cortico-basal ganglia circuits. Together, these studies demonstrate strong retrograde transport of AAV2.retro in NHP brain, highlight its utility in developing novel NHP models of brain disease and suggest its potential for querying circuit function and delivering therapeutic genes in the brain, particularly where treating dysfunctional circuits, versus single brain regions, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Weiss
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, USA
| | - William A Liguore
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Domire
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, USA
| | - Dana Button
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, USA
| | - Jodi L McBride
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
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40
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Trivedi DV, Nag S, Spudich A, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA. The Myosin Family of Mechanoenzymes: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Annu Rev Biochem 2020; 89:667-693. [PMID: 32169021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-011520-105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myosins are among the most fascinating enzymes in biology. As extremely allosteric chemomechanical molecular machines, myosins are involved in myriad pivotal cellular functions and are frequently sites of mutations leading to disease phenotypes. Human β-cardiac myosin has proved to be an excellent target for small-molecule therapeutics for heart muscle diseases, and, as we describe here, other myosin family members are likely to be potentially unique targets for treating other diseases as well. The first part of this review focuses on how myosins convert the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical movement, followed by a description of existing therapeutic approaches to target human β-cardiac myosin. The next section focuses on the possibility of targeting nonmuscle members of the human myosin family for several diseases. We end the review by describing the roles of myosin in parasites and the therapeutic potential of targeting them to block parasitic invasion of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan V Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; , , .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Suman Nag
- MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California 94005, USA;
| | - Annamma Spudich
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560-097, India;
| | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; , , .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; , , .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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41
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Methamphetamine Learning Induces Persistent and Selective Nonmuscle Myosin II-Dependent Spine Motility in the Basolateral Amygdala. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2695-2707. [PMID: 32066582 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2182-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II inhibition (NMIIi) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but not dorsal hippocampus (CA1), selectively disrupts memories associated with methamphetamine (METH) days after learning, without retrieval. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this selective vulnerability remain poorly understood. A known function of NMII is to transiently activate synaptic actin dynamics with learning. Therefore, we hypothesized that METH-associated learning perpetuates NMII-driven actin dynamics in synapses, leading to an extended window of vulnerability for memory disruption. We used time-lapse two-photon imaging of dendritic spine motility in acutely prepared brain slices from female and male mice following METH-associated learning as a readout of actin-myosin dynamics. Spine motility was persistently increased in the BLA, but not in CA1. Consistent with the memory disrupting effect of intra-BLA NMII inhibition, METH-induced changes to BLA spine dynamics were reversed by a single systemic injection of an NMII inhibitor. Intra-CA1 NMII inhibition, on the other hand, did not disrupt METH-associated memory. Thus, we report identification of a previously unknown ability for spine actin dynamics to persist days after stimulation and that this is under the control of NMII. Further, these perpetual NMII-driven spine actin dynamics in BLA neurons may contribute to the unique susceptibility of METH-associated memories.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapies to prevent relapse to the use of stimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH). Environmental cues become associated with drug use, such that the memories can elicit strong motivation to seek the drug during abstinence. We previously reported that the storage of METH-associated memories is uniquely vulnerable to immediate, retrieval-independent, and lasting disruption by direct actin depolymerization or by inhibiting the actin driver nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) in the BLA or systemically. Here we report a potential structural mechanism responsible for the unique vulnerability of METH-associated memories and METH-seeking behavior to NMII inhibition within the BLA.
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42
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Seese RR, Le AA, Wang K, Cox CD, Lynch G, Gall CM. A TrkB agonist and ampakine rescue synaptic plasticity and multiple forms of memory in a mouse model of intellectual disability. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 134:104604. [PMID: 31494285 PMCID: PMC7258745 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with deficits in various types of learning, including those that require the hippocampus. Relatedly, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is impaired in the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model of FXS. Prior research found that infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rescues LTP in the KOs. Here, we tested if, in Fmr1 KO mice, up-regulating BDNF production or treatment with an agonist for BDNF's TrkB receptor restores synaptic plasticity and improves learning. In hippocampal slices, bath infusion of the TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) completely restored otherwise impaired hippocampal field CA1 LTP of Fmr1 KOs without effect in wild types (WTs). Similarly, acute, semi-chronic, or chronic treatments with 7,8-DHF rescued a simple hippocampus-dependent form of spatial learning (object location memory: OLM) in Fmr1 KOs without effect in WTs. The agonist also restored object recognition memory, which depends on cortical regions. Semi-chronic, but not acute, treatment with the ampakine CX929, which up-regulates BDNF expression, lowered the training threshold for OLM in WT mice and rescued learning in the KOs. Positive results were also obtained in a test for social recognition. An mGluR5 antagonist did not improve learning. Quantification of synaptic immunolabeling demonstrated that 7,8-DHF and CX929 increase levels of activated TrkB at excitatory synapses. Moreover, CX929 induced a robust synaptic activation of the TrkB effector ERK1/2. These results suggest that enhanced synaptic BDNF signaling constitutes a plausible strategy for treating certain aspects of the cognitive disabilities associated with FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Seese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Aliza A Le
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Conor D Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
| | - Christine M Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
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Callens SJP, Uyttendaele RJC, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. Substrate curvature as a cue to guide spatiotemporal cell and tissue organization. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119739. [PMID: 31911284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence clearly shows that cells respond to various physical cues in their environments, guiding many cellular processes and tissue morphogenesis, pathology, and repair. One aspect that is gaining significant traction is the role of local geometry as an extracellular cue. Elucidating how geometry affects cell and tissue behavior is, indeed, crucial to design artificial scaffolds and understand tissue growth and remodeling. Perhaps the most fundamental descriptor of local geometry is surface curvature, and a growing body of evidence confirms that surface curvature affects the spatiotemporal organization of cells and tissues. While well-defined in differential geometry, curvature remains somewhat ambiguously treated in biological studies. Here, we provide a more formal curvature framework, based on the notions of mean and Gaussian curvature, and summarize the available evidence on curvature guidance at the cell and tissue levels. We discuss the involved mechanisms, highlighting the interplay between tensile forces and substrate curvature that forms the foundation of curvature guidance. Moreover, we show that relatively simple computational models, based on some application of curvature flow, are able to capture experimental tissue growth remarkably well. Since curvature guidance principles could be leveraged for tissue regeneration, the implications for geometrical scaffold design are also discussed. Finally, perspectives on future research opportunities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien J P Callens
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands.
| | - Rafael J C Uyttendaele
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
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Javier-Torrent M, Marco S, Rocandio D, Pons-Vizcarra M, Janes PW, Lackmann M, Egea J, Saura CA. Presenilin/γ-secretase-dependent EphA3 processing mediates axon elongation through non-muscle myosin IIA. eLife 2019; 8:43646. [PMID: 31577226 PMCID: PMC6774734 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EphA/ephrin signaling regulates axon growth and guidance of neurons, but whether this process occurs also independently of ephrins is unclear. We show that presenilin-1 (PS1)/γ-secretase is required for axon growth in the developing mouse brain. PS1/γ-secretase mediates axon growth by inhibiting RhoA signaling and cleaving EphA3 independently of ligand to generate an intracellular domain (ICD) fragment that reverses axon defects in PS1/γ-secretase- and EphA3-deficient hippocampal neurons. Proteomic analysis revealed that EphA3 ICD binds to non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) and increases its phosphorylation (Ser1943), which promotes NMIIA filament disassembly and cytoskeleton rearrangement. PS1/γ-secretase-deficient neurons show decreased phosphorylated NMIIA and NMIIA/actin colocalization. Moreover, pharmacological NMII inhibition reverses axon retraction in PS-deficient neurons suggesting that NMIIA mediates PS/EphA3-dependent axon elongation. In conclusion, PS/γ-secretase-dependent EphA3 cleavage mediates axon growth by regulating filament assembly through RhoA signaling and NMIIA, suggesting opposite roles of EphA3 on inhibiting (ligand-dependent) and promoting (receptor processing) axon growth in developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Javier-Torrent
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Marco
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rocandio
- Institut de Recerca Biomédica de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Pons-Vizcarra
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter W Janes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Lackmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Institut de Recerca Biomédica de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos A Saura
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Roesler MK, Lombino FL, Freitag S, Schweizer M, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schwarz JR, Kneussel M, Wagner W. Myosin XVI Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics in Dendritic Spines of Purkinje Cells and Affects Presynaptic Organization. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:330. [PMID: 31474830 PMCID: PMC6705222 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for function and morphology of neuronal synapses. Moreover, altered regulation of the neuronal actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Myosin XVI is a neuronally expressed unconventional myosin known to bind the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), a regulator of filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization. Notably, the gene encoding the myosin’s heavy chain (MYO16) shows genetic association with neuropsychiatric disorders including ASD. Here, we investigated whether myosin XVI plays a role for actin cytoskeleton regulation in the dendritic spines of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), a neuronal cell type crucial for motor learning, social cognition and vocalization. We provide evidence that both myosin XVI and the WRC component WAVE1 localize to PC spines. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis of GFP-actin in cultured PCs shows that Myo16 knockout as well as PC-specific Myo16 knockdown, lead to faster F-actin turnover in the dendritic spines of PCs. We also detect accelerated F-actin turnover upon interference with the WRC, and upon inhibition of Arp2/3 that drives formation of branched F-actin downstream of the WRC. In contrast, inhibition of formins that are responsible for polymerization of linear actin filaments does not cause faster F-actin turnover. Together, our data establish myosin XVI as a regulator of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton and suggest that it is an upstream activator of the WRC-Arp2/3 pathway in PC spines. Furthermore, ultra-structural and electrophysiological analyses of Myo16 knockout cerebellum reveals the presence of reduced numbers of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic terminals in the absence of the myosin. Therefore, we here define myosin XVI as an F-actin regulator important for presynaptic organization in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Katrin Roesler
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franco Luis Lombino
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Transgenic Animal Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Chidambaram SB, Rathipriya AG, Bolla SR, Bhat A, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Manivasagam T, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM, Guillemin GJ, Chandra R, Sakharkar MK. Dendritic spines: Revisiting the physiological role. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:161-193. [PMID: 30654089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that dendritic spines are complex structures consisting of a dense network of cytoskeletal, transmembrane and scaffolding molecules, and numerous surface receptors. Molecular signaling pathways, mainly Rho and Ras family small GTPases pathways that converge on actin cytoskeleton, regulate the spine morphology and dynamics bi-directionally during synaptic activity. During synaptic plasticity the number and shapes of dendritic spines undergo radical reorganizations. Long-term potentiation (LTP) induction promote spine head enlargement and the formation and stabilization of new spines. Long-term depression (LTD) results in their shrinkage and retraction. Reports indicate increased spine density in the pyramidal neurons of autism and Fragile X syndrome patients and reduced density in the temporal gyrus loci of schizophrenic patients. Post-mortem reports of Alzheimer's brains showed reduced spine number in the hippocampus and cortex. This review highlights the spine morphogenesis process, the activity-dependent structural plasticity and mechanisms by which synaptic activity sculpts the dendritic spines, the structural and functional changes in spines during learning and memory using LTP and LTD processes. It also discusses on spine status in neurodegenerative diseases and the impact of nootropics and neuroprotective agents on the functional restoration of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India.
| | - A G Rathipriya
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Damam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Arehally Marappa Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deb Bailey MND Research Laboratory, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Ambedkar Centre for BioMedical Research, Delhi University, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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Kudryashova IV. The Molecular Basis of Destabilization of Synapses as a Factor of Structural Plasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Abstract
In the past few decades, the field of neuroepigenetics has investigated how the brain encodes information to form long-lasting memories that lead to stable changes in behaviour. Activity-dependent molecular mechanisms, including, but not limited to, histone modification, DNA methylation and nucleosome remodelling, dynamically regulate the gene expression required for memory formation. Recently, the field has begun to examine how a learning experience is integrated at the level of both chromatin structure and synaptic physiology. Here, we provide an overview of key established epigenetic mechanisms that are important for memory formation. We explore how epigenetic mechanisms give rise to stable alterations in neuronal function by modifying synaptic structure and function, and highlight studies that demonstrate how manipulating epigenetic mechanisms may push the boundaries of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne R Campbell
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Center for Addiction Neuroscience, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Center for Addiction Neuroscience, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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49
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Khan S, Downing KH, Molloy JE. Architectural Dynamics of CaMKII-Actin Networks. Biophys J 2018; 116:104-119. [PMID: 30527447 PMCID: PMC6341221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has an important role in dendritic spine remodeling upon synaptic stimulation. Using fluorescence video microscopy and image analysis, we investigated the architectural dynamics of rhodamine-phalloidin stabilized filamentous actin (F-actin) networks cross-linked by CaMKII. We used automated image analysis to identify F-actin bundles and crossover junctions and developed a dimensionless metric to characterize network architecture. Similar networks were formed by three different CaMKII species with a 10-fold length difference in the linker region between the kinase domain and holoenzyme hub, implying linker length is not a primary determinant of F-actin cross-linking. Electron micrographs showed that at physiological molar ratios, single CaMKII holoenzymes cross-linked multiple F-actin filaments at random, whereas at higher CaMKII/F-actin ratios, filaments bundled. Light microscopy established that the random network architecture resisted macromolecular crowding with polyethylene glycol and blocked ATP-powered compaction by myosin-II miniature filaments. Importantly, the networks disassembled after the addition of calcium-calmodulin and were then spaced within 3 min into compacted foci by myosin motors or more slowly (30 min) aggregated by crowding. Single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy showed CaMKII dissociation from surface-immobilized globular actin exhibited a monoexponential dwell-time distribution, whereas CaMKII bound to F-actin networks had a long-lived fraction, trapped at crossover junctions. Release of CaMKII from F-actin, triggered by calcium-calmodulin, was too rapid to measure with flow-cell exchange (<20 s). The residual bound fraction was reduced substantially upon addition of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor peptide analog but not ATP. These results provide mechanistic insights to CaMKII-actin interactions at the collective network and single-molecule level. Our findings argue that CaMKII-actin networks in dendritic spines maintain spine size against physical stress. Upon synaptic stimulation, CaMKII is disengaged by calcium-calmodulin, triggering network disassembly, expansion, and subsequent compaction by myosin motors with kinetics compatible with the times recorded for the poststimulus changes in spine volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California; The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Kenneth H Downing
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
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Ageta-Ishihara N, Konno K, Yamazaki M, Abe M, Sakimura K, Watanabe M, Kinoshita M. CDC42EP4, a perisynaptic scaffold protein in Bergmann glia, is required for glutamatergic tripartite synapse configuration. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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