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Noriega-Prieto JA, Maglio LE, Perez-Domper P, Dávila JC, Gutiérrez A, Torres-Alemán I, Fernández de Sevilla D. Bidirectional modulation of synaptic transmission by insulin-like growth factor-I. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1390663. [PMID: 38910964 PMCID: PMC11193368 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1390663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a key role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and is an essential factor in learning and memory processes. However, during aging, IGF-I levels are decreased, and the effect of this decrease in the induction of synaptic plasticity remains unknown. Here we show that the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) at layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the mouse barrel cortex is favored or prevented by IGF-I (10 nM) or IGF-I (7 nM), respectively, when IGF-I is applied 1 h before the induction of Hebbian LTP. Analyzing the cellular basis of this bidirectional control of synaptic plasticity, we observed that while 10 nM IGF-I generates LTP (LTPIGF-I) of the post-synaptic potentials (PSPs) by inducing long-term depression (LTD) of the inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs), 7 nM IGF-I generates LTD of the PSPs (LTDIGF-I) by inducing LTD of the excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs). This bidirectional effect of IGF-I is supported by the observation of IGF-IR immunoreactivity at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Therefore, IGF-I controls the induction of Hebbian NMDAR-dependent plasticity depending on its concentration, revealing novel cellular mechanisms of IGF-I on synaptic plasticity and in the learning and memory machinery of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Noriega-Prieto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laura Eva Maglio
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Perez-Domper
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Dávila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Lewitt MS, Boyd GW. Role of the Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4512. [PMID: 38674097 PMCID: PMC11049992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has paracrine and endocrine roles in the central nervous system. There is evidence that IGF signalling pathways have roles in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease. This review focusses on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative disorders that are increasing in prevalence globally in relation to the aging population and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Rodent models used in the study of the molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration are described. However, currently, no animal model fully replicates these diseases. Mice with triple mutations in APP, PSEN and MAPT show promise as models for the testing of novel Alzheimer's therapies. While a causal relationship is not proven, the fact that age, obesity and T2D are risk factors in both strengthens the case for the involvement of the IGF system in these disorders. The IGF system is an attractive target for new approaches to management; however, there are gaps in our understanding that first need to be addressed. These include a focus beyond IGF-I on other members of the IGF system, including IGF-II, IGF-binding proteins and the type 2 IGF receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S. Lewitt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Gary W. Boyd
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton G72 0LH, UK;
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3
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Kim YK, Jo D, Arjunan A, Ryu Y, Lim YH, Choi SY, Kim HK, Song J. Identification of IGF-1 Effects on White Adipose Tissue and Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease Mice via Transcriptomic and Cellular Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2567. [PMID: 38473814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a multitude of pathological manifestations, prominently marked by the aggregation of amyloid beta. Recent investigations have revealed a compelling association between excessive adiposity and glial activation, further correlating with cognitive impairments. Additionally, alterations in levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been reported in individuals with metabolic conditions accompanied by memory dysfunction. Hence, our research endeavors to comprehensively explore the impact of IGF-1 on the hippocampus and adipose tissue in the context of Alzheimer's disease. To address this, we have conducted an in-depth analysis utilizing APP/PS2 transgenic mice, recognized as a well-established mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Upon administering IGF-1 injections to the APP/PS2 mice, we observed notable alterations in their behavioral patterns, prompting us to undertake a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of both the hippocampal and adipose tissues. Our data unveiled significant modifications in the functional profiles of these tissues. Specifically, in the hippocampus, we identified changes associated with synaptic activity and neuroinflammation. Concurrently, the adipose tissue displayed shifts in processes related to fat browning and cell death signaling. In addition to these findings, our analysis enabled the identification of a collection of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs that exhibited significant changes in expression subsequent to the administration of IGF-1 injections. Furthermore, we endeavored to predict the potential roles of these identified RNA molecules within the context of our study. In summary, our study offers valuable transcriptome data for hippocampal and adipose tissues within an Alzheimer's disease model and posits a significant role for IGF-1 within both the hippocampus and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Jo
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseo Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yoon Choi
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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4
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Fong H, Zhou B, Feng H, Luo C, Bai B, Zhang J, Wang Y. Recapitulation of Structure-Function-Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier under (Patho)Physiological Conditions. Cells 2024; 13:260. [PMID: 38334652 PMCID: PMC10854731 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a remarkable and intricate barrier that controls the exchange of molecules between the bloodstream and the brain. Its role in maintaining the stability of the central nervous system cannot be overstated. Over the years, advancements in neuroscience and technology have enabled us to delve into the cellular and molecular components of the BBB, as well as its regulation. Yet, there is a scarcity of comprehensive reviews that follow a logical framework of structure-function-regulation, particularly focusing on the nuances of BBB regulation under both normal and pathological conditions. This review sets out to address this gap by taking a historical perspective on the discovery of the BBB and highlighting the major observations that led to its recognition as a distinct brain barrier. It explores the intricate cellular elements contributing to the formation of the BBB, including endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons, emphasizing their collective role in upholding the integrity and functionality of the BBB. Furthermore, the review delves into the dynamic regulation of the BBB in physiological states, encompassing neural, humoral, and auto-regulatory mechanisms. By shedding light on these regulatory processes, a deeper understanding of the BBB's response to various physiological cues emerges. This review also investigates the disruption of the BBB integrity under diverse pathological conditions, such as ischemia, infection, and toxin exposure. It elucidates the underlying mechanisms that contribute to BBB dysfunction and explores potential therapeutic strategies that aim to restore the BBB integrity and function. Overall, this recapitulation provides valuable insights into the structure, functions, and regulation of the BBB. By integrating historical perspectives, cellular elements, regulatory mechanisms, and pathological implications, this review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the BBB and paves the way for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Fong
- Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.F.); (C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Botao Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Haixiao Feng
- Gies College of Business, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Chuoying Luo
- Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.F.); (C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Boren Bai
- Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.F.); (C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - John Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
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5
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16440. [PMID: 38003628 PMCID: PMC10671249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14000, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Cefis M, Chaney R, Wirtz J, Méloux A, Quirié A, Leger C, Prigent-Tessier A, Garnier P. Molecular mechanisms underlying physical exercise-induced brain BDNF overproduction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1275924. [PMID: 37868812 PMCID: PMC10585026 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1275924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that physical exercise (EX) is the most effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve brain health. EX prevents cognitive decline associated with age and decreases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. These positive effects of EX can be attributed to an increase in neurogenesis and neuroplastic processes, leading to learning and memory improvement. At the molecular level, there is a solid consensus to involve the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as the crucial molecule for positive EX effects on the brain. However, even though EX incontestably leads to beneficial processes through BDNF expression, cellular sources and molecular mechanisms underlying EX-induced cerebral BDNF overproduction are still being elucidated. In this context, the present review offers a summary of the different molecular mechanisms involved in brain's response to EX, with a specific focus on BDNF. It aims to provide a cohesive overview of the three main mechanisms leading to EX-induced brain BDNF production: the neuronal-dependent overexpression, the elevation of cerebral blood flow (hemodynamic hypothesis), and the exerkine signaling emanating from peripheral tissues (humoral response). By shedding light on these intricate pathways, this review seeks to contribute to the ongoing elucidation of the relationship between EX and cerebral BDNF expression, offering valuable insights into the potential therapeutic implications for brain health enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cefis
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Remi Chaney
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Wirtz
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Méloux
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Clémence Leger
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Prigent-Tessier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Dijon, France
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7
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Herrero-Labrador R, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Vecino R, González-Arias C, Ausín K, Crespo I, Fernández Acosta FJ, Nieto-Estévez V, Román MJ, Perea G, Torres-Alemán I, Santamaría E, Vicario C. Brain IGF-I regulates LTP, spatial memory, and sexual dimorphic behavior. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201691. [PMID: 37463753 PMCID: PMC10355288 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exerts multiple actions, yet the role of IGF-I from different sources is poorly understood. Here, we explored the functional and behavioral consequences of the conditional deletion of Igf-I in the nervous system (Igf-I Δ/Δ), and demonstrated that long-term potentiation was impaired in hippocampal slices. Moreover, Igf-I Δ/Δ mice showed spatial memory deficits in the Morris water maze, and the significant sex-dependent differences displayed by Igf-I Ctrl/Ctrl mice disappeared in Igf-I Δ/Δ mice in the open field and rota-rod tests. Brain Igf-I deletion disorganized the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG), and it modified the relative expressions of GAD and VGLUT1, which are preferentially localized to inhibitory and excitatory presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, Igf-I deletion altered protein modules involved in receptor trafficking, synaptic proteins, and proteins that functionally interact with estrogen and androgen metabolism. Our findings indicate that brain IGF-I is crucial for long-term potentiation, and that it is involved in the regulation of spatial memory and sexual dimorphic behaviors, possibly by maintaining the granule cell layer structure and the stability of synaptic-related protein modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Vecino
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karina Ausín
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Crespo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- CES Cardenal Cisneros, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Román
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, and Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Huber K, Szerenos E, Lewandowski D, Toczylowski K, Sulik A. The Role of Adipokines in the Pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14684. [PMID: 37834128 PMCID: PMC10572192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are protein hormones secreted by adipose tissue in response to disruptions in physiological homeostasis within the body's systems. The regulatory functions of adipokines within the central nervous system (CNS) are multifaceted and intricate, and they have been identified in a number of pathologies. Therefore, specific adipokines have the potential to be used as biomarkers for screening purposes in neurological dysfunctions. The systematic review presented herein focuses on the analysis of the functions of various adipokines in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Thirteen proteins were selected for analysis through scientific databases. It was found that these proteins can be identified within the cerebrospinal fluid either by their ability to modify their molecular complex and cross the blood-brain barrier or by being endogenously produced within the CNS itself. As a result, this can correlate with their measurability during pathological processes, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, depression, or brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kacper Toczylowski
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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9
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Jiménez Peinado P, Urbach A. From Youthful Vigor to Aging Decline: Unravelling the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Aging. Cells 2023; 12:2086. [PMID: 37626896 PMCID: PMC10453598 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Joseph Altman published his pioneering work demonstrating neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats, the number of publications in this field increased exponentially. Today, we know that the adult hippocampus harbors a pool of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) that are the source of life-long neurogenesis and plasticity. The functions of these NSCs are regulated by extrinsic cues arising from neighboring cells and the systemic environment. However, this tight regulation is subject to imbalance with age, resulting in a decline in adult NSCs and neurogenesis, which contributes to the progressive deterioration of hippocampus-related cognitive functions. Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying this age-related decline in neurogenesis are only incompletely understood, but appear to include an increase in NSC quiescence, changes in differentiation patterns, and NSC exhaustion. In this review, we summarize recent work that has improved our knowledge of hippocampal NSC aging, focusing on NSC-intrinsic mechanisms as well as cellular and molecular changes in the niche and systemic environment that might be involved in the age-related decline in NSC functions. Additionally, we identify future directions that may advance our understanding of NSC aging and the concomitant loss of hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Aging Research Center Jena, Leibniz Institute on Aging, 07745 Jena, Germany
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10
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Nuñez A, Zegarra-Valdivia J, Fernandez de Sevilla D, Pignatelli J, Torres Aleman I. The neurobiology of insulin-like growth factor I: From neuroprotection to modulation of brain states. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3220-3230. [PMID: 37353586 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
After decades of research in the neurobiology of IGF-I, its role as a prototypical neurotrophic factor is undisputed. However, many of its actions in the adult brain indicate that this growth factor is not only involved in brain development or in the response to injury. Following a three-layer assessment of its role in the central nervous system, we consider that at the cellular level, IGF-I is indeed a bona fide neurotrophic factor, modulating along ontogeny the generation and function of all the major types of brain cells, contributing to sculpt brain architecture and adaptive responses to damage. At the circuit level, IGF-I modulates neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity at multiple sites, whereas at the system level, IGF-I intervenes in energy allocation, proteostasis, circadian cycles, mood, and cognition. Local and peripheral sources of brain IGF-I input contribute to a spatially restricted, compartmentalized, and timed modulation of brain activity. To better define these variety of actions, we consider IGF-I a modulator of brain states. This definition aims to reconcile all aspects of IGF-I neurobiology, and may provide a new conceptual framework in the design of future research on the actions of this multitasking neuromodulator in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú
| | - D Fernandez de Sevilla
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pignatelli
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain.
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11
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Mantik KEK, Kim S, Gu B, Moon S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Kang JH. Repositioning of Anti-Diabetic Drugs against Dementia: Insight from Molecular Perspectives to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11450. [PMID: 37511207 PMCID: PMC10380685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance as a hallmark of type 2 DM (T2DM) plays a role in dementia by promoting pathological lesions or enhancing the vulnerability of the brain. Numerous studies related to insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling are linked with various types of dementia. Brain insulin resistance in dementia is linked to disturbances in Aβ production and clearance, Tau hyperphosphorylation, microglial activation causing increased neuroinflammation, and the breakdown of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These mechanisms have been studied primarily in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but research on other forms of dementia like vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has also explored overlapping mechanisms. Researchers are currently trying to repurpose anti-diabetic drugs to treat dementia, which are dominated by insulin sensitizers and insulin substrates. Although it seems promising and feasible, none of the trials have succeeded in ameliorating cognitive decline in late-onset dementia. We highlight the possibility of repositioning anti-diabetic drugs as a strategy for dementia therapy by reflecting on current and previous clinical trials. We also describe the molecular perspectives of various types of dementia through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Esther Kristina Mantik
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonsang Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts and Sports, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts and Sports, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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12
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Christiansen LI, Ventura GC, Holmqvist B, Aasmul-Olsen K, Lindholm SEH, Lycas MD, Mori Y, Secher JBM, Burrin DG, Thymann T, Sangild PT, Pankratova S. Insulin-like growth factor 1 supplementation supports motor coordination and affects myelination in preterm pigs. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1205819. [PMID: 37404461 PMCID: PMC10315495 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1205819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preterm infants have increased risk of impaired neurodevelopment to which reduced systemic levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the weeks after birth may play a role. Hence, we hypothesized that postnatal IGF-1 supplementation would improve brain development in preterm pigs, used as a model for preterm infants. Methods Preterm pigs delivered by cesarean section received recombinant human IGF-1/IGF binding protein-3 complex (rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3, 2.25 mg/kg/day) or vehicle from birth to postnatal day 19. Motor function and cognition were assessed by monitoring of in-cage and open field activities, balance beam test, gait parameters, novel object recognition and operant conditioning tests. Collected brains were subject to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immunohistochemistry, gene expression analyses and protein synthesis measurements. Results The IGF-1 treatment increased cerebellar protein synthesis rates (both in vivo and ex vivo). Performance in the balance beam test was improved by IGF-1 but not in other neurofunctional tests. The treatment decreased total and relative caudate nucleus weights, without any effects to total brain weight or grey/white matter volumes. Supplementation with IGF-1 reduced myelination in caudate nucleus, cerebellum, and white matter regions and decreased hilar synapse formation, without effects to oligodendrocyte maturation or neuron differentiation. Gene expression analyses indicated enhanced maturation of the GABAergic system in the caudate nucleus (decreased NKCC1:KCC2 ratio) with limited effects in cerebellum or hippocampus. Conclusion Supplemental IGF-1 during the first three weeks after preterm birth may support motor function by enhancing GABAergic maturation in the caudate nucleus, despite reduced myelination. Supplemental IGF-1 may support postnatal brain development in preterm infants, but more studies are required to identify optimal treatment regimens for subgroups of very or extremely preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line I. Christiansen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Gemma C. Ventura
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Karoline Aasmul-Olsen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sandy E. H. Lindholm
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Matthew D. Lycas
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Bojsen-Møller Secher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Douglas G. Burrin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Per T. Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Iadecola C, Smith EE, Anrather J, Gu C, Mishra A, Misra S, Perez-Pinzon MA, Shih AY, Sorond FA, van Veluw SJ, Wellington CL. The Neurovasculome: Key Roles in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2023; 54:e251-e271. [PMID: 37009740 PMCID: PMC10228567 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of brain health has emerged as a leading public health priority for the aging world population. Advances in neurovascular biology have revealed an intricate relationship among brain cells, meninges, and the hematic and lymphatic vasculature (the neurovasculome) that is highly relevant to the maintenance of cognitive function. In this scientific statement, a multidisciplinary team of experts examines these advances, assesses their relevance to brain health and disease, identifies knowledge gaps, and provides future directions. METHODS Authors with relevant expertise were selected in accordance with the American Heart Association conflict-of-interest management policy. They were assigned topics pertaining to their areas of expertise, reviewed the literature, and summarized the available data. RESULTS The neurovasculome, composed of extracranial, intracranial, and meningeal vessels, as well as lymphatics and associated cells, subserves critical homeostatic functions vital for brain health. These include delivering O2 and nutrients through blood flow and regulating immune trafficking, as well as clearing pathogenic proteins through perivascular spaces and dural lymphatics. Single-cell omics technologies have unveiled an unprecedented molecular heterogeneity in the cellular components of the neurovasculome and have identified novel reciprocal interactions with brain cells. The evidence suggests a previously unappreciated diversity of the pathogenic mechanisms by which disruption of the neurovasculome contributes to cognitive dysfunction in neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, providing new opportunities for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS These advances shed new light on the symbiotic relationship between the brain and its vessels and promise to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for brain disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction.
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14
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Nosaka S, Imada K, Saita K, Okamura H. Prefrontal activation during dual-task seated stepping and walking performed by subacute stroke patients with hemiplegia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1169744. [PMID: 37214400 PMCID: PMC10196001 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1169744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during dual-task seated stepping and walking performed by subacute stroke patients with hemiplegia and evaluated the relationship between PFC activation, frontal lobe functions, and dual-task interference. Methods Patients with functional ambulation category (FAC) scores ≤ 2 comprised the seated stepping task group. Those with FAC scores > 2 comprised the walking task group. There were 11 patients in the seated stepping task group (mean age, 65.3±12.2 years; age range, 55-73.5 years; 7 male and 4 female patients; time since stroke onset, 45.7±9.9 days) and 11 patients in the walking task group (mean age, 65.6±15.2 years; age range, 49.5-74.5 years; 7 male and 4 female patients; time since stroke onset, 57.5±18.3 days). Both groups completed the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). The seated stepping task group performed the following three tasks: cognitive task (CT), normal seated stepping (NSS), and dual-task seated stepping (DTSS). The walking task group completed the following tasks: CT, normal walking (NW), and dual-task walking (DTW). The CT was a letter fluency task; this letter fluency task was simultaneously performed during seated stepping (DTSS) and walking (DTW). Changes in the oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) concentration and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration during the tasks were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (Pocket NIRS HM; Dynasense Inc., Japan). The number of steps, walking speed, and percentage of correct responses to the CT were recorded. Results The results showed that DTSS activated the PFC significantly more than performing a single task and that NSS was associated with a significantly higher difference in the hemoglobin concentration when compared to that associated with the CT, which was a single task. In the walking task group, PFC activation was significantly higher during DTW, NW, and CT (in that order), and O2Hb concentrations were significantly higher in the contralesional hemisphere than in the ipsilesional hemisphere during all tasks. Associations between PFC activation, FAB scores, and dual-task interference in the seated task group indicated significant positive correlations between FAB scores and cognitive performance with dual-task interference. Conclusion DTSS may be an effective means of activating the PFC of patients with difficulty walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Nosaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Kinkai Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ken Imada
- Kinkai Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saita
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Fitzgerald GS, Chuchta TG, McNay EC. Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1449-1469. [PMID: 36971212 PMCID: PMC10173726 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Current AD treatments slow the rate of cognitive decline, but do not restore lost function. One reason for the low efficacy of current treatments is that they fail to target neurotrophic processes, which are thought to be essential for functional recovery. Bolstering neurotrophic processes may also be a viable strategy for preventative treatment, since structural losses are thought to underlie cognitive decline in AD. The challenge of identifying presymptomatic patients who might benefit from preventative treatment means that any such treatment must meet a high standard of safety and tolerability. The neurotrophic peptide insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) is a promising candidate for both treating and preventing AD-induced cognitive decline. Brain IGF2 expression declines in AD patients. In rodent models of AD, exogenous IGF2 modulates multiple aspects of AD pathology, resulting in (1) improved cognitive function; (2) stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis; and, (3) neuroprotection against cholinergic dysfunction and beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Preclinical evidence suggests that IGF2 is likely to be safe and tolerable at therapeutic doses. In the preventative treatment context, the intranasal route of administration is likely to be the preferred method for achieving the therapeutic effect without risking adverse side effects. For patients already experiencing AD dementia, routes of administration that deliver IGF2 directly access the CNS may be necessary. Finally, we discuss several strategies for improving the translational validity of animal models used to study the therapeutic potential of IGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E C McNay
- University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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16
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Ivan DC, Berve KC, Walthert S, Monaco G, Borst K, Bouillet E, Ferreira F, Lee H, Steudler J, Buch T, Prinz M, Engelhardt B, Locatelli G. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor controls the function of CNS-resident macrophages and their contribution to neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36890580 PMCID: PMC9993619 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal survival and myelination in the adult CNS. In neuroinflammatory conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), IGF-1 can regulate cellular survival and activation in a context-dependent and cell-specific manner. Notwithstanding its importance, the functional outcome of IGF-1 signaling in microglia/macrophages, which maintain CNS homeostasis and regulate neuroinflammation, remains undefined. As a result, contradictory reports on the disease-ameliorating efficacy of IGF-1 are difficult to interpret, together precluding its potential use as a therapeutic agent. To fill this gap, we here investigated the role of IGF-1 signaling in CNS-resident microglia and border associated macrophages (BAMs) by conditional genetic deletion of the receptor Igf1r in these cell types. Using a series of techniques including histology, bulk RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and intravital imaging, we show that absence of IGF-1R significantly impacted the morphology of both BAMs and microglia. RNA analysis revealed minor changes in microglia. In BAMs however, we detected an upregulation of functional pathways associated with cellular activation and a decreased expression of adhesion molecules. Notably, genetic deletion of Igf1r from CNS-resident macrophages led to a significant weight gain in mice, suggesting that absence of IGF-1R from CNS-resident myeloid cells indirectly impacts the somatotropic axis. Lastly, we observed a more severe EAE disease course upon Igf1r genetic ablation, thus highlighting an important immunomodulatory role of this signaling pathway in BAMs/microglia. Taken together, our work shows that IGF-1R signaling in CNS-resident macrophages regulates the morphology and transcriptome of these cells while significantly decreasing the severity of autoimmune CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Ivan
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Carolin Berve
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Walthert
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henry Lee
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Steudler
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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17
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Dya GA, Klychnikov OI, Adasheva DA, Vladychenskaya EA, Katrukha AG, Serebryanaya DV. IGF-Binding Proteins and Their Proteolysis as a Mechanism of Regulated IGF Release in the Nervous Tissue. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S105-S122. [PMID: 37069117 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) play a key role in the maintenance of the nervous tissue viability. IGF-1 and IGF-2 exhibit the neuroprotective effects by stimulating migration and proliferation of nervous cells, activating cellular metabolism, inducing regeneration of damaged cells, and regulating various stages of prenatal and postnatal development of the nervous system. The availability of IGFs for the cells is controlled via their interaction with the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that inhibit their activity. On the contrary, the cleavage of IGFBPs by specific proteases leads to the IGF release and activation of its cellular effects. The viability of neurons in the nervous tissue is controlled by a complex system of trophic factors secreted by auxiliary glial cells. The main source of IGF for the neurons are astrocytes. IGFs can accumulate as an extracellular free ligand near the neuronal membranes as a result of proteolytic degradation of IGFBPs by proteases secreted by astrocytes. This mechanism promotes interaction of IGFs with their genuine receptors and triggers intracellular signaling cascades. Therefore, the release of IGF by proteolytic cleavage of IGFBPs is an important mechanism of neuronal protection. This review summarizes the published data on the role of IGFs and IGFBPs as the key players in the neuroprotective regulation with a special focus on the specific proteolysis of IGFBPs as a mechanism for the regulation of IGF bioavailability and viability of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- German A Dya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg I Klychnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria A Adasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A Vladychenskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria V Serebryanaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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18
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Zhang JN, Xiang LS, Shi Y, Xie F, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Normal pace walking is beneficial to young participants’ executive abilities. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:195. [DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exercise can improve cognitive function. The impact of acute exercise on cognition is related to exercise intensity. This study aimed to explore whether normal walking had a beneficial effect on cognition.
Methods
Compared with standing still, thirty healthy young men walked on a treadmill at a normal pace, and completed the Stroop test. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the hemodynamic changes of the prefrontal cortex during the entire experiment.
Results
Studies showed that normal walking did not stimulate higher average cerebral oxygen in the PFC, but the peak cerebral oxygen in cognitive tests during walking was higher (Stroop Word: 2.56 ± 0.43 and 3.80 ± 0.50, P < 0.01, Stroop Color: 2.50 ± 0.37 and 3.66 ± 0.59, P < 0.05, Stroop Color-Word: 4.13 ± 0.55 and 5.25 ± 0.66, P < 0.01, respectively), and better results were achieved in the Stroop Color-Word test, which was reflected in faster reaction times (49.18 ± 1.68 s, 56.92 ± 2.29 s, respectively, P < 0.001) and higher accuracies (46.19 ± 0.69, 44.15 ± 0.91, respectively, P = 0.018).
Conclusion
For healthy young people, even a normal walk is therefore good for cognition.
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Black RD, Chaparro E. Time-varying caloric vestibular stimulation for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1049637. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1049637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-varying caloric vestibular stimulation (tvCVS) is a new form of non-invasive neuromodulation similar to, but different from, diagnostic caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS). Using a non-invasive, solid-state delivery device, tvCVS has been successfully used in a human clinical trial with Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects. Additionally, the effects of tvCVS on brain activation have been studied in healthy human subjects using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI). A novel finding in the TCD and fMRI studies was the induction of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) oscillations. How such oscillations might lead to the observed clinical effects seen in PD subjects will be discussed. Enabling studies of tvCVS with rodents is an attractive goal in support of explorations of the mechanism of action. Male Wistar rats were used in a proof-of-concept study described herein. Rats were anesthetized (isoflurane) and ventilated for the duration of the tvCVS runs. Time-varying thermal stimuli were administered using a digital temperature controller to modulate Peltier-type heater/cooler devices. Blunt ear bars conveyed the thermal stimulus to the external ear canals of the rats. Different thermal waveform combinations were evaluated for evidence of successful induction of the CVS effect. It was found that bilateral triangular thermal waveforms could induce oscillations in CBFv both during and after the application of tvCVS. These oscillations were similar to, but different from those observed in awake human subjects. The establishment of a viable animal model for the study of tvCVS will augment ongoing clinical investigations of this new form of neuromodulation in patients with neurodegenerative disease.
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Zhong L, Ma X, Niu Y, Zhang L, Xue Z, Yan J, Jiang H. Sevoflurane exposure may cause dysplasia of dendritic spines and result in fine motor dysfunction in developing mouse through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006175. [PMID: 36248658 PMCID: PMC9554089 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane has become one of the most widely used volatile anesthetics in pediatric surgery. However, sevoflurane exposure may interfere with dendritic development and synaptogenesis, resulting in brain function impairment. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays an important role in dendritic development and synaptic plasticity. Here we investigated whether sevoflurane exposure would affect the morphological proportions of dendritic spines in developing mouse and explored the role of the change of plasticity of dendritic spines in sevoflurane-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. The related signaling pathway was also examined. C57BL/6 mice at postnatal day (PND) 7 were exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 3 h. The PI3k/AKT/mTOR agonist IGF-1 or the mTOR phosphorylation inhibitor KU0063794 was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before sevoflurane or O2 exposure at PND7. Hippocampi were harvested 6 h after sevoflurane exposure. Western blotting was applied to measure the protein expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway phosphorylation. At PND14, brains from all groups were harvested for Golgi staining, and the morphology of dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons was observed by an oil immersion lens. When the mice grew to adolescence (PND48), fine motor function was measured by the Beam walking test. Here we showed that exposure to 2% sevoflurane for 3 h decreased the proportion of thin dendritic spines and increased the proportion of mushroom dendritic spines, but not changed the density of the dendritic spines. Sevoflurane exposure also suppressed the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in immature mice hippocampi, and eventually led to long-term fine motor dysfunction. Meanwhile, IGF-1 pretreatment could rescue and KU0063794 pretreatment could aggravate the impairment induced by sevoflurane. In conclusion, sevoflurane exposure may cause a change of proportions of the types of dendritic spines through impacting the phosphorylation expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and eventually led to long-term fine motor dysfunction in developing mouse.
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21
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons from adult prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2022; 217:109204. [PMID: 35931212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) influences synaptic function in addition to its role in brain development and aging. Although the expression levels of IGF1 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) peak during development and decline with age, the adult brain has abundant IGF1 or IGF1R expression. Studies reveal that IGF1 regulates the synaptic transmission in neurons from young animals. However, the action of IGF1 on neurons in the adult brain is still unclear. Here, we used prefrontal cortical (PFC) slices from adult mice (∼8 weeks old) to characterize the role of IGF1 on excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We first validated IGF1R expression in pyramidal neurons using translating ribosomal affinity purification assay. Then, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we found that IGF1 attenuated the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) without affecting the frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSC. Furthermore, this decrease in excitatory neurotransmission was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R or conditionally knockdown of IGF1R in PFC pyramidal neurons. In addition, we determined that IGF1-induced decrease of EPSC amplitude was due to postsynaptic effect (internalization of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid receptors [AMPAR]) rather than presynaptic glutamate release. Finally, we found that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype-1 (mGluR1) abolished IGF1-induced attenuation of evoked EPSC amplitude and decrease of AMPAR expression at synaptic membrane, suggesting mGluR1-mediated endocytosis of AMPAR was involved. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that IGF1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in adult PFC via the interaction between IGF1R-dependent signaling pathway and mGluR1-mediated AMPAR endocytosis.
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22
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Matsuoka RL, Buck LD, Vajrala KP, Quick RE, Card OA. Historical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:372. [PMID: 35726097 PMCID: PMC9209386 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic brain activity requires timely communications between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood. Brain-blood communication is facilitated by intricate networks of brain vasculature, which display striking heterogeneity in structure and function. This vascular cell heterogeneity in the brain is fundamental to mediating diverse brain functions and has long been recognized. However, the molecular basis of this biological phenomenon has only recently begun to be elucidated. Over the past century, various animal species and in vitro systems have contributed to the accumulation of our fundamental and phylogenetic knowledge about brain vasculature, collectively advancing this research field. Historically, dye tracer and microscopic observations have provided valuable insights into the anatomical and functional properties of vasculature across the brain, and these techniques remain an important approach. Additionally, recent advances in molecular genetics and omics technologies have revealed significant molecular heterogeneity within brain endothelial and perivascular cell types. The combination of these conventional and modern approaches has enabled us to identify phenotypic differences between healthy and abnormal conditions at the single-cell level. Accordingly, our understanding of brain vascular cell states during physiological, pathological, and aging processes has rapidly expanded. In this review, we summarize major historical advances and current knowledge on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain, and discuss important unsolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Luke D Buck
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Keerti P Vajrala
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Rachael E Quick
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Olivia A Card
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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23
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Fernandes J, Fernandez de Sevilla ME, Trueba-Saiz A, Pignatelli J, Suda K, Martinez-Rachadell L, Fernandez AM, Esparza J, Vega M, Nuñez A, Aleman IT. Insulin-like growth factor I sensitization rejuvenates sleep patterns in old mice. GeroScience 2022; 44:2243-2257. [PMID: 35604612 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common during aging. Compared to young animals, old mice show altered sleep structure, with changes in both slow and fast electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity and fewer transitions between sleep and wake stages. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which is involved in adaptive changes during aging, was previously shown to increase ECoG activity in young mice and monkeys. Furthermore, IGF-I shapes sleep architecture by modulating the activity of mouse orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We now report that both ECoG activation and excitation of orexin neurons by systemic IGF-I are abrogated in old mice. Moreover, orthodromical responses of LH neurons are facilitated by either systemic or local IGF-I in young mice, but not in old ones. As orexin neurons of old mice show dysregulated IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression, suggesting disturbed IGF-I sensitivity, we treated old mice with AIK3a305, a novel IGF-IR sensitizer, and observed restored responses to IGF-I and rejuvenation of sleep patterns. Thus, disturbed sleep structure in aging mice may be related to impaired IGF-I signaling onto orexin neurons, reflecting a broader loss of IGF-I activity in the aged mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Zegarra-Valdivia
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jansen Fernandes
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kentaro Suda
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain.
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24
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Rauskolb S, Andreska T, Fries S, von Collenberg CR, Blum R, Monoranu CM, Villmann C, Sendtner M. Insulin-like growth factor 5 associates with human Aß plaques and promotes cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:68. [PMID: 35513854 PMCID: PMC9074221 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors such as dysregulation of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 (Igfbp5), an inhibitory binding protein for insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) accumulates in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and in amyloid plaques in brains of Alzheimer patients. We investigated the pathogenic relevance of this finding with transgenic mice overexpressing Igfbp5 in pyramidal neurons of the brain. Neuronal overexpression of Igfbp5 prevents the training-induced increase of hippocampal and cortical Bdnf expression and reduces the effects of exercise on memory retention, but not on learning acquisition. Hence, elevated IGFBP5 expression could be responsible for some of the early cognitive deficits that occur during the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rauskolb
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Fries
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cora Ruedt von Collenberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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The central nervous system control of energy homeostasis: high fat diet induced hypothalamic microinflammation and obesity. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:99-106. [PMID: 35525336 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is believed to arise through the imbalance of energy homeostasis controlled by the central nervous system, where the hypothalamus plays the fundamental role in energy metabolism. In this review, we will provide an overview regarding the functions of POMC neurons and AgRP neurons in acute nucleus of the hypothalamus which mediated the energy metabolism, highlighting their interactions with peripheral organs derived hormones in control of energy homeostasis. Furthermore, the role of high fat diet induced hypothalamic microinflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity will be discussed. We hope this review could help researchers to understand the mechanism of hypothalamus in control of energy metabolism, and design related drugs to block the pathways involving in the impaired metabolism in obese patients.
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26
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Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Management of Neurological Disorders. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:874-883. [PMID: 35476315 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of neurons marks as the pathological reason for onset of most of the neurological diseases although the functional deficiencies and symptoms may vary. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) boosts regeneration of both motor and sensory neurons and thus presents as a potential treatment in management of neurological disorders. IGF-I is a pleiotropic agent which stimulates the survival and outgrowth of neurons accompanied by their motility as well as myelination by glial cells. This hormone has been found to possess neuroprotective properties which is in association with its antioxidant and mitochondrial protection activity. Studying and exploring the signaling pathways which mediate pleotropic responses intracellularly have elucidated significant therapeutic approach in treatment and management of neurological disorders by IGF-I. The current review highlights the role of IGF-I in management of major neurological disorders such as depression, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease and also covers the mechanisms involved in the process.
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27
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Aazmi A, Zhou H, Lv W, Yu M, Xu X, Yang H, Zhang YS, Ma L. Vascularizing the brain in vitro. iScience 2022; 25:104110. [PMID: 35378862 PMCID: PMC8976127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is arguably the most fascinating and complex organ in the human body. Recreating the brain in vitro is an ambition restricted by our limited understanding of its structure and interacting elements. One of these interacting parts, the brain microvasculature, is distinguished by a highly selective barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), limiting the transport of substances between the blood and the nervous system. Numerous in vitro models have been used to mimic the BBB and constructed by implementing a variety of microfabrication and microfluidic techniques. However, currently available models still cannot accurately imitate the in vivo characteristics of BBB. In this article, we review recent BBB models by analyzing each parameter affecting the accuracy of these models. Furthermore, we propose an investigation of the synergy between BBB models and neuronal tissue biofabrication, which results in more advanced models, including neurovascular unit microfluidic models and vascularized brain organoid-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weikang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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28
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Kolevzon A, Breen MS, Siper PM, Halpern D, Frank Y, Rieger H, Weismann J, Trelles MP, Lerman B, Rapaport R, Buxbaum JD. Clinical trial of insulin-like growth factor-1 in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Mol Autism 2022; 13:17. [PMID: 35395866 PMCID: PMC8994375 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is caused by haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene and is characterized by global developmental delays and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on several converging lines of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in PMS, this study aims to follow-up a previous pilot study with IGF-1 to further evaluate this novel therapeutic for core symptoms of ASD in children with PMS. Methods Ten children aged 5–9 with PMS were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive IGF-1 or placebo (saline) using a 12-week, double-blind, crossover design. Efficacy was assessed using the primary outcome of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist—Social Withdrawal (ABC-SW) subscale as well as secondary outcome measures reflecting core symptoms of ASD. To increase power and sample size, we jointly analyzed the effect of IGF-1 reported here together with results from our previous controlled trail of IGF-1 in children with PMS (combined N = 19). Results Results on the ABC-SW did not reach statistical significance, however significant improvements in sensory reactivity symptoms were observed. In our pooled analyses, IGF-1 treatment also led to significant improvements in repetitive behaviors and hyperactivity. There were no other statistically significant effects seen across other clinical outcome measures. IGF-1 was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. Limitations The small sample size and expectancy bias due to relying on parent reported outcome measures may contribute to limitations in interpreting results. Conclusion IGF-1 is efficacious in improving sensory reactivity symptoms, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity in children with PMS. Trial registration NCT01525901. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-022-00493-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Mindich Child Health Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - M S Breen
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - P M Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - D Halpern
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Y Frank
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - H Rieger
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - J Weismann
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - M P Trelles
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - B Lerman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - R Rapaport
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - J D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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29
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Alata W, Yogi A, Brunette E, Delaney CE, Faassen H, Hussack G, Iqbal U, Kemmerich K, Haqqani AS, Moreno MJ, Stanimirovic DB. Targeting insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF1R) for brain delivery of biologics. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22208. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101644r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Alata
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Alvaro Yogi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Eric Brunette
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Christie E. Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Henk Faassen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Kristin Kemmerich
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Arsalan S. Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Maria J. Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
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30
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Research Progress on Neuroprotection of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 towards Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040666. [PMID: 35203315 PMCID: PMC8870287 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding proteins and receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), proposing IGF-1-induced neurotrophic actions in normal growth, development, and maintenance. However, while there is convincing evidence that the IGF-1 system has specific endocrine roles in the CNS, the concept is emerging that IGF-I might be also important in disorders such as ischemic stroke, brain trauma, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, etc., by inducing neuroprotective effects towards glutamate-mediated excitotoxic signaling pathways. Research in rodent models has demonstrated rescue of pathophysiological and behavioral abnormalities when IGF-1 was administered by different routes, and several clinical studies have shown safety and promise of efficacy in neurological disorders of the CNS. Focusing on the relationship between IGF-1-induced neuroprotection and glutamate-induced excitatory neurotoxicity, this review addresses the research progress in the field, intending to provide a rationale for using IGF-I clinically to confer neuroprotective therapy towards neurological diseases with glutamate excitotoxicity as a common pathological pathway.
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31
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Taslimifar M, Faltys M, Kurtcuoglu V, Verrey F, Makrides V. Analysis of L-leucine amino acid transporter species activity and gene expression by human blood brain barrier hCMEC/D3 model reveal potential LAT1, LAT4, B 0AT2 and y +LAT1 functional cooperation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:90-103. [PMID: 34427144 PMCID: PMC8721536 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211039593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the CNS, amino acid (AA) neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter precursors are subject to tight homeostatic control mediated by blood-brain barrier (BBB) solute carrier amino acid transporters (AATs). Since the BBB is composed of multiple closely apposed cell types and opportunities for human in vivo studies are limited, we used in vitro and computational approaches to investigate human BBB AAT activity and regulation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of the human BBB endothelial cell model hCMEC/D3 (D3) was used to determine expression of selected AAT, tight junction (TJ), and signal transduction (ST) genes under various culture conditions. L-leucine uptake data were interrogated with a computational model developed by our group for calculating AAT activity in complex cell cultures. This approach is potentially applicable to in vitro cell culture drug studies where multiple "receptors" may mediate observed responses. Of 7 Leu AAT genes expressed by D3 only the activity of SLC7A5-SLC3A2/LAT1-4F2HC (LAT1), SLC43A2/LAT4 (LAT4) and sodium-dependent AATs, SLC6A15/B0AT2 (B0AT2), and SLC7A7/y+LAT1 (y+LAT1) were calculated to be required for Leu uptake. Therefore, D3 Leu transport may be mediated by a potentially physiologically relevant functional cooperation between the known BBB AAT, LAT1 and obligatory exchange (y+LAT1), facilitative diffusion (LAT4), and sodium symporter (B0AT2) transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Taslimifar
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Faltys
- Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney CH, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney CH, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Makrides
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,EIC BioMedical Labs, Norwood, MA, USA
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32
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Banks WA, Noonan C, Rhea EM, M. Rhea E. Evidence for an alternative insulin transporter at the blood-brain barrier. AGING PATHOBIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 4:100-108. [PMID: 36644126 PMCID: PMC9837797 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2022.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests there is an alternative insulin transporter besides the insulin receptor at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), responsible for shuttling insulin from the circulation into the brain. In this review, we summarize key features of the BBB and what makes it unique compared to other capillary beds; summarize what we know about insulin BBB transport; provide an extensive list of diseases, physiological states, and serum factors tested in modifying insulin BBB transport; and lastly, highlight potential alternative transport systems that may be involved in or have already been tested in mediating insulin BBB transport. Identifying the transport system for insulin at the BBB would aide in controlling central nervous system (CNS) insulin levels in multiple diseases and conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and obesity, where availability of insulin to the CNS is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Banks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Cassidy Noonan
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.,University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.,Corresponding author: Elizabeth M. Rhea, Mailing address: 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Kuhne LA, Ksiezarczyk AM, Braumann KM, Reer R, Jacobs T, Röder B, Hötting K. The Effects of Acute Cardiovascular Exercise on Memory and Its Associations With Exercise-Induced Increases in Neurotrophic Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:750401. [PMID: 34858160 PMCID: PMC8630591 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.750401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing life expectancy, low-cost interventions to counteract age-related memory impairment have gained popularity. Physical activity has been shown to positively affect memory and hippocampal plasticity in rodents and humans. These effects have been proposed to be mediated by the release of neurotrophic factors. However, studies examining the effects of a single cardiovascular exercise session on human memory have yielded conflicting results. Moreover, it remains unclear whether exercise-induced memory enhancements are related to changes in peripheral neurotrophic factor concentrations. The present study tested whether one bout of cardiovascular exercise during an early phase of memory consolidation, compared to one bout of stretching and toning, positively affected memory. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether exercise-induced changes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were related to memory enhancement after a single bout of physical exercise. Fifty healthy participants (20–40 years) were randomly assigned to either a cycling group (BIKE) or a stretching and toning group (STRETCH). Participants performed an implicit vocabulary learning task which was immediately followed by physical exercise. Memory for the learned vocabulary was tested 1–2 weeks later. To measure exercise-induced changes in serum neurotrophic factor levels, blood samples were collected at rest (baseline) and immediately after the exercise session. Results did not show a significant difference in memory between the BIKE group and the STRETCH group. However, in the BIKE group, a larger increase in BDNF and VEGF levels was observed than in the STRETCH group. Moreover, the increase in BDNF and memory performance tended to be positively related in the BIKE group. We speculate that the correlation between exercise-increased BDNF levels and memory in the cycling group may indicate an involvement of BDNF in mediating memory processes after acute cardiovascular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Kuhne
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Ksiezarczyk
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Braumann
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reer
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hötting
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Gigliucci V, Teutsch J, Woodbury-Smith M, Luoni M, Busnelli M, Chini B, Banerjee A. Region-Specific KCC2 Rescue by rhIGF-1 and Oxytocin in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2885-2894. [PMID: 34791112 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is characterized by dysfunction in neuronal excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, potentially impacting seizure susceptibility via deficits in K+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) function. Mice lacking the Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) recapitulate many symptoms of RTT, and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) restores KCC2 expression and E/I balance in MeCP2 KO mice. However, clinical trial outcomes of rhIGF-1 in RTT have been variable, and increasing its therapeutic efficacy is highly desirable. To this end, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is promising, as it also critically modulates KCC2 function during early postnatal development. We measured basal KCC2 expression levels in MeCP2 KO mice and identified 3 key frontal brain regions showing KCC2 alterations in young adult mice, but not in postnatal P10 animals. We hypothesized that deficits in an IGF-1/OXT signaling crosstalk modulating KCC2 may occur in RTT during postnatal development. Consistently, we detected alterations of IGF-1 receptor and OXT receptor levels in those brain areas. rhIGF-1 and OXT treatments in KO mice rescued KCC2 expression in a region-specific and complementary manner. These results suggest that region-selective combinatorial pharmacotherapeutic strategies could be most effective at normalizing E/I balance in key brain regions subtending the RTT pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasper Teutsch
- Neuroscience Theme, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Neuroscience Theme, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Mirko Luoni
- Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Busnelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Bice Chini
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Neuroscience Theme, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sepúlveda V, Maurelia F, González M, Aguayo J, Caprile T. SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 34600566 PMCID: PMC8487547 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that occupies the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces within and around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic signaling milieu that transports nutrients, waste materials and neuroactive substances that are crucial for the development, homeostasis and functionality of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that enable cerebrospinal fluid to simultaneously exert these homeostatic/dynamic functions are not fully understood. SCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted since the early stages of development into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its domain architecture resembles a combination of a matricellular protein and the ligand-binding region of LDL receptor family. The matricellular proteins are a group of extracellular proteins with the capacity to interact with different molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines and cellular receptors; enabling the integration of information to modulate various physiological and pathological processes. In the same way, the LDL receptor family interacts with many ligands, including β-amyloid peptide and different growth factors. The domains similarity suggests that SCO-spondin is a matricellular protein enabled to bind, modulate, and transport different cerebrospinal fluid molecules. SCO-spondin can be found soluble or polymerized into a dynamic threadlike structure called the Reissner fiber, which extends from the diencephalon to the caudal tip of the spinal cord. Reissner fiber continuously moves caudally as new SCO-spondin molecules are added at the cephalic end and are disaggregated at the caudal end. This movement, like a conveyor belt, allows the transport of the bound molecules, thereby increasing their lifespan and action radius. The binding of SCO-spondin to some relevant molecules has already been reported; however, in this review we suggest more than 30 possible binding partners, including peptide β-amyloid and several growth factors. This new perspective characterizes SCO-spondin as a regulator of cerebrospinal fluid activity, explaining its high evolutionary conservation, its apparent multifunctionality, and the lethality or severe malformations, such as hydrocephalus and curved body axis, of knockout embryos. Understanding the regulation and identifying binding partners of SCO-spondin are crucial for better comprehension of cerebrospinal fluid physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Maurelia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maryori González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Chaves-Coira I, Fernandez de Sevilla ME, Martinez-Rachadell L, Esparza J, Torres-Aleman I, Nuñez A. Reduced Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Effects in the Basal Forebrain of Aging Mouse. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:682388. [PMID: 34539376 PMCID: PMC8442768 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.682388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that aging is frequently accompanied by a decline in cognition. Furthermore, aging is associated with lower serum IGF-I levels that may contribute to this deterioration. We studied the effect of IGF-I in neurons of the horizontal diagonal band of Broca (HDB) of young (≤6 months old) and old (≥20-month-old) mice to determine if changes in the response of these neurons to IGF-I occur along with aging. Local injection of IGF-I in the HDB nucleus increased their neuronal activity and induced fast oscillatory activity in the electrocorticogram (ECoG). Furthermore, IGF-I facilitated tactile responses in the primary somatosensory cortex elicited by air-puffs delivered in the whiskers. These excitatory effects decreased in old mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that cholinergic HDB neurons express IGF-I receptors and that IGF-I injection increased the expression of c-fos in young, but not in old animals. IGF-I increased the activity of optogenetically-identified cholinergic neurons in young animals, suggesting that most of the IGF-I-induced excitatory effects were mediated by activation of these neurons. Effects of aging were partially ameliorated by chronic IGF-I treatment in old mice. The present findings suggest that reduced IGF-I activity in old animals participates in age-associated changes in cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Zegarra-Valdivia
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Irene Chaves-Coira
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ignacio Torres-Aleman
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Consorti A, Di Marco I, Sansevero G. Physical Exercise Modulates Brain Physiology Through a Network of Long- and Short-Range Cellular Interactions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710303. [PMID: 34489641 PMCID: PMC8417110 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of sedentary lifestyles have emerged as a critical aspect of modern society. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrated that physical exercise plays an important role not only in maintaining peripheral health but also in the regulation of central nervous system function. Many studies have shown that physical exercise promotes the release of molecules, involved in neuronal survival, differentiation, plasticity and neurogenesis, from several peripheral organs. Thus, aerobic exercise has emerged as an intriguing tool that, on one hand, could serve as a therapeutic protocol for diseases of the nervous system, and on the other hand, could help to unravel potential molecular targets for pharmacological approaches. In the present review, we will summarize the cellular interactions that mediate the effects of physical exercise on brain health, starting from the factors released in myocytes during muscle contraction to the cellular pathways that regulate higher cognitive functions, in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Consorti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Novel Approaches Used to Examine and Control Neurogenesis in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179608. [PMID: 34502516 PMCID: PMC8431772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a key mechanism of brain development and plasticity, which is impaired in chronic neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s disease. The accumulation of aberrant α-synuclein is one of the features of PD. Being secreted, this protein produces a prominent neurotoxic effect, alters synaptic plasticity, deregulates intercellular communication, and supports the development of neuroinflammation, thereby providing propagation of pathological events leading to the establishment of a PD-specific phenotype. Multidirectional and ambiguous effects of α-synuclein on adult neurogenesis suggest that impaired neurogenesis should be considered as a target for the prevention of cell loss and restoration of neurological functions. Thus, stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis or cell-replacement therapy with stem cell-derived differentiated neurons raises new hopes for the development of effective and safe technologies for treating PD neurodegeneration. Given the rapid development of optogenetics, it is not surprising that this method has already been repeatedly tested in manipulating neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro via targeting stem or progenitor cells. However, niche astrocytes could also serve as promising candidates for controlling neuronal differentiation and improving the functional integration of newly formed neurons within the brain tissue. In this review, we mainly focus on current approaches to assess neurogenesis and prospects in the application of optogenetic protocols to restore the neurogenesis in Parkinson’s disease.
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The interplay of neurovasculature and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136071. [PMID: 34147540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus provides a local microenvironment (niche) for neural stem cells. In the adult brain, it has been established that the vascular compartment of such niches has a significant role in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. More recently, evidence showed that neurovascular coupling, the relationship between blood flow and neuronal activity, also regulates hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we review the most recent articles on addressing the intricate relationship between neurovasculature and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a novel pathway where functional hyperemia enhances hippocampal neurogenesis. In the end, we have further reviewed recent research showing that impaired neurovascular coupling may cause declined neurogenesis and contribute to brain damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Horvath A, Salman Z, Quinlan P, Wallin A, Svensson J. Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Have Increased Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in Serum but not in Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:289-298. [PMID: 32250294 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is important for amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism, and also interacts with the brain vasculature. In previous IGF-I studies, it has not been evaluated whether Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients had vascular comorbidities. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 40 consecutive non-diabetic AD patients and 36 healthy controls. We measured IGF-I in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and also serum insulin. Mixed forms of AD and vascular dementia were excluded. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates including age, serum IGF-I level was higher in the AD group than in the controls, whereas CSF IGF-I and serum insulin were unchanged. Binary logistic regression confirmed that high serum IGF-I was associated with increased prevalence of AD [adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.005-3.32 per standard deviation (SD) increase in serum IGF-I]. This association was more robust after exclusion of patients receiving treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (OR = 2.23, 95 % CI: 1.10-4.48). In the total study population (n = 76) as well in the AD group (n = 40), serum IGF-I correlated negatively with CSF Aβ1-42, and CSF IGF-I correlated positively with CSF/serum albumin ratio, CSF total tau, and CSF phosphorylated tau. CONCLUSION In AD patients without major brain vascular comorbidities, serum but not CSF levels of IGF-I were increased after correction for covariates. This association was strengthened by exclusion of patients receiving medical treatment. Overall, the results support the notion of IGF-I resistance in mild AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zeinab Salman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Quinlan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Astrocytic IGF-IRs Induce Adenosine-Mediated Inhibitory Downregulation and Improve Sensory Discrimination. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4768-4781. [PMID: 33911021 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0005-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays a key role in learning and memory processes. While the effects of IGF-I on neurons have been studied extensively, the involvement of astrocytes in IGF-I signaling and the consequences on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior remain unknown. We have found that IGF-I induces long-term potentiation (LTPIGFI) of the postsynaptic potentials that is caused by a long-term depression of inhibitory synaptic transmission in mice. We have demonstrated that this long-lasting decrease in the inhibitory synaptic transmission is evoked by astrocytic activation through its IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs). We show that LTPIGFI not only increases the output of pyramidal neurons, but also favors the NMDAR-dependent LTP, resulting in the crucial information processing at the barrel cortex since specific deletion of IGF-IR in cortical astrocytes impairs the whisker discrimination task. Our work reveals a novel mechanism and functional consequences of IGF-I signaling on cortical inhibitory synaptic plasticity and animal behavior, revealing that astrocytes are key elements in these processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays key regulatory roles in multiple processes of brain physiology, such as learning and memory. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here we demonstrate that astrocytes respond to IGF-I signaling, elevating their intracellular Ca2+ and stimulating the release of ATP/adenosine, which triggers the LTD of cortical inhibitory synapses, thus regulating the behavioral task performance related to cortical sensory information processing. Therefore, the present work represents a major conceptual advance in our knowledge of the cellular basis of IGF-I signaling in brain function, by including for the first time astrocytes as key mediators of IGF-I actions on synaptic plasticity, cortical sensory information discrimination and animal behavior.
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Maglio LE, Noriega-Prieto JA, Maroto IB, Martin-Cortecero J, Muñoz-Callejas A, Callejo-Móstoles M, Fernández de Sevilla D. IGF-1 facilitates extinction of conditioned fear. eLife 2021; 10:e67267. [PMID: 33792539 PMCID: PMC8043742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and anxiety-like behavioral processes. While IGF-1 regulates neuronal firing and synaptic transmission in many areas of the central nervous system, its signaling and consequences on excitability, synaptic plasticity, and animal behavior dependent on the prefrontal cortex remain unexplored. Here, we show that IGF-1 induces a long-lasting depression of the medium and slow post-spike afterhyperpolarization (mAHP and sAHP), increasing the excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the rat infralimbic cortex. Besides, IGF-1 mediates a presynaptic long-term depression of both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in these neurons. The net effect of this IGF-1-mediated synaptic plasticity is a long-term potentiation of the postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, we demonstrate that IGF-1 favors the fear extinction memory. These results show novel functional consequences of IGF-1 signaling, revealing IGF-1 as a key element in the control of the fear extinction memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Maglio
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología) and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - José A Noriega-Prieto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Irene B Maroto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Martin-Cortecero
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysic, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Callejo-Móstoles
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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Tarantini S, Balasubramanian P, Yabluchanskiy A, Ashpole NM, Logan S, Kiss T, Ungvari A, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Schwartzman ML, Benyo Z, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. IGF1R signaling regulates astrocyte-mediated neurovascular coupling in mice: implications for brain aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:901-911. [PMID: 33674953 PMCID: PMC8110646 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a significant deficiency in circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which has an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Impairment of moment-to-moment adjustment of regional cerebral blood flow via neurovascular coupling (NVC) importantly contributes to VCI. Previous studies established a causal link between circulating IGF-1 deficiency and neurovascular dysfunction. Release of vasodilator mediators from activated astrocytes plays a key role in NVC. To determine the impact of impaired IGF-1 signaling on astrocytic function, astrocyte-mediated NVC responses were studied in a novel mouse model of astrocyte-specific knockout of IGF1R (GFAP-CreERT2/Igf1rf/f) and accelerated neurovascular aging. We found that mice with disrupted astrocytic IGF1R signaling exhibit impaired NVC responses, decreased stimulated release of the vasodilator gliotransmitter epoxy-eicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and upregulation of soluble epoxy hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes and inactivates EETs. Collectively, our findings provide additional evidence that IGF-1 promotes astrocyte health and maintains normal NVC, protecting cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Pharmacology Division, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William E Sonntag
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Yang J, Liang R, Wang L, Zheng C, Xiao X, Ming D. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Improves the Gait Disorders of Rats Under Simulated Microgravity Conditions Associated With the Regulation of Motor Cortex. Front Physiol 2021; 12:587515. [PMID: 33613305 PMCID: PMC7890125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.587515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, it has been proved that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves dyskinesia induced by conditions such as spinal cord injury, Parkinson diseases and cerebral ischemia. However, it is still unknown whether it can be used as a countermeasure for gait disorders in astronauts during space flight. In this study, we evaluated the effects of rTMS on the rat gait function under simulated microgravity (SM) conditions. The SM procedure continued for consecutive 21 days in male Wistar rats. Meanwhile, the high-frequency rTMS (10 Hz) was applied for 14 days from the eighth day of SM procedure. The behavioral results showed that SM could cause gait disorders such as decreased walking ability and contralateral limb imbalance in rats, which could be reversed by rTMS. Furthermore, rTMS affected the neural oscillations of motor cortex, enhancing in δ (2–4 Hz) band, suppressing in θ (4–7 Hz), and α (7–12 Hz) bands. Additionally, rTMS could activate mTOR in the motor cortex. These data suggests that the improvement effects of rTMS on gait disorders in rats under SM conditions might be associated with its regulation on neural oscillations in the cerebral motor cortex and the expression of some motor-related proteins which may enhance the control of nervous system on muscle function. Based on our results, rTMS can be used as an potential effective supplement in the field of clinical and rehabilitation research to reduce gait disorders caused by the space environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Beletskiy A, Chesnokova E, Bal N. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 As a Possible Neuroprotective Agent and Memory Enhancer-Its Comparative Expression, Processing and Signaling in Mammalian CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041849. [PMID: 33673334 PMCID: PMC7918606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies performed on rodents suggest that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) or its analogs may possibly be used for treating some conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, autistic spectrum disorders or aging-related cognitive impairment. Still, for translational research a comparative knowledge about the function of IGF-2 and related molecules in model organisms (rats and mice) and humans is necessary. There is a number of important differences in IGF-2 signaling between species. In the present review we emphasize species-specific patterns of IGF-2 expression in rodents, humans and some other mammals, using, among other sources, publicly available transcriptomic data. We provide a detailed description of Igf2 mRNA expression regulation and pre-pro-IGF-2 protein processing in different species. We also summarize the function of IGF-binding proteins. We describe three different receptors able to bind IGF-2 and discuss the role of IGF-2 signaling in learning and memory, as well as in neuroprotection. We hope that comprehensive understanding of similarities and differences in IGF-2 signaling between model organisms and humans will be useful for development of more effective medicines targeting IGF-2 receptors.
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Tang M, Rich JN, Chen S. Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Strategies to Model Glioblastoma and the Blood-Brain Barrier. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004776. [PMID: 33326131 PMCID: PMC7854518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal adult primary central nervous system cancer. An immunosuppresive and highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, restricted delivery of chemotherapy or immunotherapy through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the brain's unique biochemical and anatomical features result in its universal recurrence and poor prognosis. As conventional models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy in GBM, in vitro 3D models of GBM and BBB leveraging patient- or healthy-individual-derived cells and biomaterials through 3D bioprinting technologies potentially mimic essential physiological and pathological features of GBM and BBB. 3D-bioprinted constructs enable investigation of cellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a species-matched, high-throughput, and reproducible manner, serving as screening or drug delivery platforms. Here, an overview of current 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models is provided, elaborating on the microenvironmental compositions of GBM and BBB, relevant biomaterials to mimic the native tissues, and bioprinting strategies to implement the model fabrication. Collectively, 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models are promising systems and biomimetic alternatives to traditional models for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that may eventually accelerate the drug development process for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Role of DNA Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein MeCP2 in Rett Syndrome Pathobiology and Mechanism of Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010075. [PMID: 33429932 PMCID: PMC7827577 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a severe, rare, and progressive developmental disorder with patients displaying neurological regression and autism spectrum features. The affected individuals are primarily young females, and more than 95% of patients carry de novo mutation(s) in the Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MECP2) gene. While the majority of RTT patients have MECP2 mutations (classical RTT), a small fraction of the patients (atypical RTT) may carry genetic mutations in other genes such as the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) and FOXG1. Due to the neurological basis of RTT symptoms, MeCP2 function was originally studied in nerve cells (neurons). However, later research highlighted its importance in other cell types of the brain including glia. In this regard, scientists benefitted from modeling the disease using many different cellular systems and transgenic mice with loss- or gain-of-function mutations. Additionally, limited research in human postmortem brain tissues provided invaluable findings in RTT pathobiology and disease mechanism. MeCP2 expression in the brain is tightly regulated, and its altered expression leads to abnormal brain function, implicating MeCP2 in some cases of autism spectrum disorders. In certain disease conditions, MeCP2 homeostasis control is impaired, the regulation of which in rodents involves a regulatory microRNA (miR132) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we will provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanism of disease in RTT and the associated genetic mutations in the MECP2 gene along with the pathobiology of the disease, the role of the two most studied protein variants (MeCP2E1 and MeCP2E2 isoforms), and the regulatory mechanisms that control MeCP2 homeostasis network in the brain, including BDNF and miR132.
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Herrero-Labrador R, Trueba-Saiz A, Martinez-Rachadell L, Fernandez de Sevilla ME, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Diaz-Pacheco S, Fernandez AM, Torres Aleman I. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I is Involved in the Effect of High Fat Diet on Peripheral Amyloid β Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249675. [PMID: 33352990 PMCID: PMC7766006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but underlying mechanisms are not clear. We analyzed peripheral clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) in overweight mice because its systemic elimination may impact brain Aβ load, a major landmark of AD pathology. We also analyzed whether circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) intervenes in the effects of overweight as this growth factor modulates brain Aβ clearance and is increased in the serum of overweight mice. Overweight mice showed increased Aβ accumulation by the liver, the major site of elimination of systemic Aβ, but unaltered brain Aβ levels. We also found that Aβ accumulation by hepatocytes is stimulated by IGF-I, and that mice with low serum IGF-I levels show reduced liver Aβ accumulation—ameliorated by IGF-I administration, and unchanged brain Aβ levels. In the brain, IGF-I favored the association of its receptor (IGF-IR) with the Aβ precursor protein (APP), and at the same time, stimulated non-amyloidogenic processing of APP in astrocytes, as indicated by an increased sAPPα/sAPPβ ratio after IGF-I treatment. Since serum IGF-I enters into the brain in an activity-dependent manner, we analyzed in overweight mice the effect of brain activation by environmental enrichment (EE) on brain IGF-IR phosphorylation and its association to APP, as a readout of IGF-I activity. After EE, significantly reduced brain IGF-IR phosphorylation and APP/IGF-IR association were found in overweight mice as compared to lean controls. Collectively, these results indicate that a high-fat diet influences peripheral clearance of Aβ without affecting brain Aβ load. Increased serum IGF-I likely contributes to enhanced peripheral Aβ clearance in overweight mice, without affecting brain Aβ load probably because its brain entrance is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Trueba-Saiz
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martinez-Rachadell
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mᵃ Estrella Fernandez de Sevilla
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, 04001 Arequipa, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Diaz-Pacheco
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Ana M. Fernandez
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Ye G, Xiao Z, Luo Z, Huang X, Abdelrahim MEA, Huang W. Resistance training effect on serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum: a meta-analysis. Aging Male 2020; 23:1471-1479. [PMID: 32844706 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1801622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance exercise has drawn considerable attention to the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum. However, the relationship between resistance exercise and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum is conflicting. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate this relationship. METHODS A systematic literature search up to May 2020 was performed and 22 studies were detected with 680 subjects. They reported relationships between resistance exercise and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated comparing the resistance exercise and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum using the continuous method with a random or fixed-effect model. RESULTS Significantly higher insulin-like growth factor 1 was observed in subjects performing resistance training for less than 16 weeks (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.49-5.57, p<.001); subjects performing resistance training for more than 16 weeks (OR, 11.55; 95% CI, 6.58-16.52, p<.001); subjects older than 60 years (OR, 11.88; 95% CI, 9.84-13.93, p<.001); females (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.26-5.49, p<.001) and males (OR, 16.82; 95% CI, 7.29-26.35, p<.001). However, significantly lower insulin-like growth factor 1 was observed in subjects younger than 60 years (OR, -4.80; 95% CI, -7.74 to -1.86, p=.001). CONCLUSIONS However, the resistance exercise significantly increases insulin-like growth factor 1 in subjects older than 60 years, both males and females, and subjects performing resistance exercise for all any period. Surprisingly, resistance exercise significantly decreases insulin-like growth factor 1 in subjects younger than 60 years. This relationship forces us to recommend the resistance exercise to improve insulin-like growth factor 1 in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlun Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Zhifang Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuozhang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Mohamed E A Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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50
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Park J, Jung MJ, Chung WY. The downregulation of IGFBP3 by TGF-β signaling in oral cancer contributes to the osteoclast differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:381-386. [PMID: 33256984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently invades nearby bone and bone involvement determines the prognosis of patients. Growth factors, stored in the bone matrix and released during bone destruction, are known as key components in the bone-tumor interaction. However, the coordination of growth factor signals and the precise mechanism of bone destruction in oral cancer are still unclear. In the study, we investigated the differential cytokine expression profile of oral cancer cells by TGF-β treatment and the function of altered expression of cytokines on the osteoclast differentiation. We established TGFBR2-knockdown cells using small hairpin RNA. TGF-β was treated to both TGFBR2 expressing and knockdown cells and the culture supernatants were analyzed using a cytokine array kit. We found that the TGF-β inhibited IGFBP3 level and enhanced MMP9 level. We confirmed this regulation of IGFBP3 and MMP9 by TGF-β using ELISA and zymography, respectively. IGFBP3 is known as to modulate the bioavailability of IGF1, which is abundant in the bone microenvironment and regulates osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, we further analyzed the function of IGFBP3 on osteoclastogenesis. Although IGFBP3 increased the viability of murine bone marrow macrophages, the osteoclast differentiation of these cells was blocked by IGFBP3 in a dose-dependent manner. These results revealed a novel pathway for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis by oral cancer cells, which may be a new therapeutic target for osteolysis induced by oral cancer infiltrating into the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Park
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jung
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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