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Liu L, Liang Z, Zhang L, Feng Z, Cao F, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhu Q. Corticothalamic input derived from corticospinal neurons contributes to chronic neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 381:114923. [PMID: 39142366 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a significant and persistent issue for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), severely impacting their quality of life. While changes at the peripheral and spinal levels are known to contribute to SCI-related pain, whether and how supraspinal centers contribute to post SCI chronic neuropathic pain is poorly understood. Here, we first validated delayed development of chronic neuropathic pain in mice with moderate contusion SCI. To identify supraspinal regions involved in the pathology of neuropathic pain after SCI, we next performed an activity dependent genetic screening and identified multiple cortical and subcortical regions that were activated by innocuous tactile stimuli at a late stage following contusion SCI. Notably, chemogenetic inactivation of pain trapped neurons in the lateral thalamus alleviated neuropathic pain and reduced tactile stimuli evoked cortical overactivation. Retrograde tracing showed that contusion SCI led to enhanced corticothalamic axonal sprouting and over-activation of corticospinal neurons. Mechanistically, ablation or silencing of corticospinal neurons prevented the establishment or maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain following contusion SCI. These results highlighted a corticospinal-lateral thalamic feed-forward loop whose activation is required for the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain after SCI. Our data thus shed lights into the central mechanisms underlying chronic neuropathic pain associated with SCI and the development of novel therapeutic avenues to treat refractory pain caused by traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihou Liang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Li K, Feng Z, Xiong Z, Pan J, Zhou M, Li W, Ou Y, Wu G, Che M, Gong H, Peng J, Wang X, Qi S, Peng J. Growth hormone promotes the reconstruction of injured axons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2249-2258. [PMID: 38488559 PMCID: PMC11034602 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00026/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Previous studies have shown that growth hormone can regulate hypothalamic energy metabolism, stress, and hormone release. Therefore, growth hormone has great potential for treating hypothalamic injury. In this study, we established a specific hypothalamic axon injury model by inducing hypothalamic pituitary stalk electric lesions in male mice. We then treated mice by intraperitoneal administration of growth hormone. Our results showed that growth hormone increased the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and its receptors, and promoted the survival of hypothalamic neurons, axonal regeneration, and vascular reconstruction from the median eminence through the posterior pituitary. Altogether, this alleviated hypothalamic injury-caused central diabetes insipidus and anxiety. These results suggest that growth hormone can promote axonal reconstruction after hypothalamic injury by regulating the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanpeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weizhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yichao Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangsen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengjie Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haodong Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junxiang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Li Q, Li C, Zhang X. Research Progress on the Effects of Different Exercise Modes on the Secretion of Exerkines After Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:62. [PMID: 39352588 PMCID: PMC11445308 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Exercise training is a conventional treatment strategy throughout the entire treatment process for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Currently, exercise modalities for SCI patients primarily include aerobic exercise, endurance training, strength training, high-intensity interval training, and mind-body exercises. These exercises play a positive role in enhancing skeletal muscle function, inducing neuroprotection and regeneration, thereby influencing neural plasticity, reducing limb spasticity, and improving motor function and daily living abilities in SCI patients. However, the mechanism by which exercise training promotes functional recovery after SCI is still unclear, and there is no consensus on a unified and standardized exercise treatment plan. Different exercise methods may bring different benefits. After SCI, patients' physical activity levels decrease significantly due to factors such as motor dysfunction, which may be a key factor affecting changes in exerkines. The changes in exerkines of SCI patients caused by exercise training are an important and highly relevant and visual evaluation index, which may provide a new research direction for revealing the intrinsic mechanism by which exercise promotes functional recovery after SCI. Therefore, this article summarizes the changes in the expression of common exerkines (neurotrophic factors, inflammatory factors, myokines, bioactive peptides) after SCI, and intends to analyze the impact and role of different exercise methods on functional recovery after SCI from the perspective of exerkines mechanism. We hope to provide theoretical basis and data support for scientific exercise treatment programs after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Li
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Quesnel MJ, Labonté A, Picard C, Bowie DC, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A, Villeneuve S, Poirier J. Osteopontin: A novel marker of pre-symptomatic sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39072932 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigate the role of osteopontin (OPN) in participants with Pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in AD brains. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) OPN, AD, and synaptic biomarker levels were measured in 109 cognitively unimpaired (CU), parental-history positive Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT-AD) participants, and in 167 CU and 399 participants with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. OPN levels were examined as a function of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positivity. Survival analyses investigated the link between OPN and rate of conversion to AD. RESULTS In PREVENT-AD, CSF OPN was positively correlated with synaptic biomarkers. In PREVENT-AD and ADNI, OPN was elevated in CSF Aβ42/40(+)/total tau(+) and CSF Aβ42/40(+)/phosphorylated tau181(+) individuals. In ADNI, OPN was increased in Aβ(+) positron emission tomography (PET) and tau(+) PET individuals, and associated with an accelerated rate of conversion to AD. OPN was elevated in autopsy-confirmed AD brains. DISCUSSION Strong associations between CSF OPN and key markers of AD pathophysiology suggest a significant role for OPN in tau neurobiology, particularly in the early stages of the disease. HIGHLIGHTS In the Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease cohort, we discovered that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) osteopontin (OPN) levels can indicate early synaptic dysfunction, tau deposition, and neuronal loss in cognitively unimpaired elderly with a parental history. CSF OPN is elevated in amyloid beta(+) positron emission tomography (PET) and tau(+) PET individuals. Elevated CSF OPN is associated with an accelerated rate of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated CSF OPN is associated with an accelerated rate of cognitive decline on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale 13, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes. OPN mRNA and protein levels are significantly upregulated in the frontal cortex of autopsy-confirmed AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc James Quesnel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel C Bowie
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SU/Mölndals sjukhus, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SU/Mölndals sjukhus, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SU/Mölndals sjukhus, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
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An J, Yang H, Park SM, Chwae YJ, Joe EH. The LRRK2-G2019S mutation attenuates repair of brain injury partially by reducing the release of osteopontin-containing monocytic exosome-like vesicles. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 197:106528. [PMID: 38740348 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury has been suggested as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, defects in the brain's intrinsic capacity to repair injury may result in the accumulation of damage and a progressive loss of brain function. The G2019S (GS) mutation in LRRK2 (leucine rich repeat kinase 2) is the most prevalent genetic alteration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we sought to investigate how this LRRK2-GS mutation affects repair of the injured brain. METHODS Brain injury was induced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) component, into the striatum of wild-type (WT) and LRRK2-GS mice. Effects of the LRRK2-GS mutation on brain injury and the recovery from injury were examined by analyzing the molecular and cellular behavior of neurons, astrocytes, and monocytes. RESULTS Damaged neurons express osteopontin (OPN), a factor associated with brain repair. Following ATP-induced damage, monocytes entered injured brains, phagocytosing damaged neurons and producing exosome-like vesicles (EVs) containing OPN through activation of the inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis. Following EV production, neurons and astrocytes processes elongated towards injured cores. In LRRK2-GS mice, OPN expression and monocytic pyroptosis were decreased compared with that in WT mice, resulting in diminished release of OPN-containing EVs and attenuated elongation of neuron and astrocyte processes. In addition, exosomes prepared from injured LRRK2-GS brains induced neurite outgrowth less efficiently than those from injured WT brains. CONCLUSIONS The LRRK2-GS mutation delays repair of injured brains through reduced expression of OPN and diminished release of OPN-containing EVs from monocytes. These findings suggest that the LRRK2-GS mutation may promote the development of PD by delaying the repair of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei An
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Haijie Yang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Chwae
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Sun E, Lu S, Yang C, Li Z, Qian Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Ma X, Deng Y, Shan X, Chen B. Hypothermia protects the integrity of corticospinal tracts and alleviates mitochondria injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114803. [PMID: 38679281 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of corticospinal tracts (CST) is a leading factor for motor impairments following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the striatum. Previous studies have shown that therapeutic hypothermia (HT) improves outcomes of ICH patients. However, whether HT has a direct protection effect on the CST integrity and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we employed a chemogenetics approach to selectively activate bilateral warm-sensitive neurons in the preoptic areas to induce a hypothermia-like state. We then assessed effects of HT treatment on the integrity of CST and motor functional recovery after ICH. Our results showed that HT treatment significantly alleviated axonal degeneration around the hematoma and the CST axons at remote midbrain region, ultimately promoted skilled motor function recovery. Anterograde and retrograde tracing revealed that HT treatment protected the integrity of the CST over an extended period. Mechanistically, HT treatment prevented mitochondrial swelling in degenerated axons around the hematoma, alleviated mitochondrial impairment by reducing mitochondrial ROS accumulation and improving mitochondrial membrane potential in primarily cultured cortical neurons with oxyhemoglobin treatment. Serving as a proof of principle, our study provided novel insights into the application of HT to improve functional recovery after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- Department of Radiological, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Chengdu Bio-HT Company Limited, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuhong Shan
- Department of Radiological, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China.
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Fan F, Yin T, Wu B, Zheng J, Deng J, Wu G, Hu S. The role of spinal neurons targeted by corticospinal neurons in central poststroke neuropathic pain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14813. [PMID: 38887838 PMCID: PMC11183184 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central poststroke pain (CPSP) is one of the primary sequelae following stroke, yet its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS By lesioning the lateral thalamic nuclei, we first established a CPSP model that exhibits mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Innocuous mechanical stimuli following the thalamic lesion evoked robust neural activation in somatosensory corticospinal neurons (CSNs), as well as in the deep dorsal horn, where low threshold mechanosensory afferents terminate. In this study, we used viral-based mapping and intersectional functional manipulations to decipher the role of somatosensory CSNs and their spinal targets in the CPSP pathophysiology. RESULTS We first mapped the post-synaptic spinal targets of lumbar innervating CSNs using an anterograde trans-synaptic AAV1-based strategy and showed these spinal interneurons were activated by innocuous tactile stimuli post-thalamic lesion. Functionally, tetanus toxin-based chronic inactivation of spinal neurons targeted by CSNs prevented the development of CPSP. Consistently, transient chemogenetic silencing of these neurons alleviated established mechanical pain hypersensitivity and innocuous tactile stimuli evoked aversion linked to the CPSP. In contrast, chemogenetic activation of these neurons was insufficient to induce robust mechanical allodynia typically observed in the CPSP. CONCLUSION The CSNs and their spinal targets are required but insufficient for the establishment of CPSP hypersensitivity. Our study provided novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying CPSP and potential therapeutic interventions to treat refractory central neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqqi Fan
- Department of Pain, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tianze Yin
- Department of Pain, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Biwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiajun Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shukun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Suda K, Pignatelli J, Genis L, Fernandez AM, de Sevilla EF, de la Cruz IF, Pozo-Rodrigalvarez A, de Ceballos ML, Díaz-Pacheco S, Herrero-Labrador R, Aleman IT. A role for astrocytic insulin-like growth factor I receptors in the response to ischemic insult. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:970-984. [PMID: 38017004 PMCID: PMC11318401 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231217669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Increased neurotrophic support, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), is an important aspect of the adaptive response to ischemic insult. However, recent findings indicate that the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in neurons plays a detrimental role in the response to stroke. Thus, we investigated the role of astrocytic IGF-IR on ischemic insults using tamoxifen-regulated Cre deletion of IGF-IR in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytes, a major cellular component in the response to injury. Ablation of IGF-IR in astrocytes (GFAP-IGF-IR KO mice) resulted in larger ischemic lesions, greater blood-brain-barrier disruption and more deteriorated sensorimotor coordination. RNAseq detected increases in inflammatory, cell adhesion and angiogenic pathways, while the expression of various classical biomarkers of response to ischemic lesion were significantly increased at the lesion site compared to control littermates. While serum IGF-I levels after injury were decreased in both control and GFAP-IR KO mice, brain IGF-I mRNA expression show larger increases in the latter. Further, greater damage was also accompanied by altered glial reactivity as reflected by changes in the morphology of GFAP astrocytes, and relative abundance of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba 1) microglia. These results suggest a protective role for astrocytic IGF-IR in the response to ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Suda
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Genis
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Fernandez
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maria L de Ceballos
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Díaz-Pacheco
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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9
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Quesnel MJ, Labonté A, Picard C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A, Villeneuve S, Poirier J. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in at-risk adults and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer brains. Brain 2024; 147:1680-1695. [PMID: 37992295 PMCID: PMC11068109 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their receptors are highly expressed in the adult hippocampus. Thus, disturbances in the insulin-IGF signalling pathway may account for the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to nascent Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In the present study, we examined the predominant IGF-binding protein in the CSF, IGFBP2. CSF was collected from 109 asymptomatic members of the parental history-positive PREVENT-AD cohort. CSF levels of IGFBP2, core AD and synaptic biomarkers were measured using proximity extension assay, ELISA and mass spectrometry. Cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition were examined using 18F-NAV4694 and flortaucipir. Cognitive assessments were performed during up to 8 years of follow-up, using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. T1-weighted structural MRI scans were acquired, and neuroimaging analyses were performed on pre-specified temporal and parietal brain regions. Next, in an independent cohort, we allocated 241 dementia-free ADNI-1 participants into four stages of AD progression based on the biomarkers CSF Aβ42 and total-tau (t-tau). In this analysis, differences in CSF and plasma IGFBP2 levels were examined across the pathological stages. Finally, IGFBP2 mRNA and protein levels were examined in the frontal cortex of 55 autopsy-confirmed AD and 31 control brains from the Quebec Founder Population (QFP) cohort, a unique population isolated from Eastern Canada. CSF IGFBP2 progressively increased over 5 years in asymptomatic PREVENT-AD participants. Baseline CSF IGFBP2 was positively correlated with CSF AD biomarkers and synaptic biomarkers, and negatively correlated with longitudinal changes in delayed memory (P = 0.024) and visuospatial abilities (P = 0.019). CSF IGFBP2 was negatively correlated at a trend-level with entorhinal cortex volume (P = 0.082) and cortical thickness in the piriform (P = 0.039), inferior temporal (P = 0.008), middle temporal (P = 0.014) and precuneus (P = 0.033) regions. In ADNI-1, CSF (P = 0.009) and plasma (P = 0.001) IGFBP2 were significantly elevated in Stage 2 [CSF Aβ(+)/t-tau(+)]. In survival analyses in ADNI-1, elevated plasma IGFBP2 was associated with a greater rate of AD conversion (hazard ratio = 1.62, P = 0.021). In the QFP cohort, IGFBP2 mRNA was reduced (P = 0.049); however, IGFBP2 protein levels did not differ in the frontal cortex of autopsy-confirmed AD brains (P = 0.462). Nascent AD pathology may induce an upregulation in IGFBP2 in asymptomatic individuals. CSF and plasma IGFBP2 may be valuable markers for identifying CSF Aβ(+)/t-tau(+) individuals and those with a greater risk of AD conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc James Quesnel
- McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792-2420, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 431 80, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75646 Cedex 13, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 431 80, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
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10
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Ma L, Zhu C, Wei YF, Zhou JY, Chen M, Zhang X, Zhou P, Wang Y, Wang J, Chu C, Tang JY, Xu Y. Chronic chemogenetic inhibition of TRPV1 bladder afferent promotes micturition recovery post SCI. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114686. [PMID: 38199507 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury often results in chronic loss of micturition control, which is featured by bladder hyperreflexia and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Previous studies showed that treatment of capsaicin reduces non-voiding bladder contractions in multiple animal injury models and human patients. However, its underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, by injecting a RetroAAV into the bladder wall, we specifically targeted TRPV1+, a capsaicin receptor, bladder afferent neurons. Morphometric analysis revealed borderline increase of the soma size and significant spinal axon sprouting of TRPV1+ bladder afferent neurons post a complete T8 spinal cord crush. We further demonstrated that chronic chemogenetic inhibition of these DRG neurons improved micturition recovery after SCI by increasing voiding efficiency and alleviating bladder hyperreflexia, along with reduced morphological changes caused by injury. Our study provided novel insights into the structural and functional changes of TRPV1+ bladder afferent post SCI and further supports the clinical use of capsaicin as an effective treatment to improve bladder functions in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Wei
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- General Internal Medicine Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Can Chu
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Tang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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Wu B, Yang L, Xi C, Yao H, Chen L, Fan F, Wu G, Du Z, Hu J, Hu S. Corticospinal-specific Shh overexpression in combination with rehabilitation promotes CST axonal sprouting and skilled motor functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2186-2196. [PMID: 37864058 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke often leads to permanent neurological impairments, largely due to limited neuroplasticity in adult central nervous system. Here, we first showed that the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) in corticospinal neurons (CSNs) peaked at the 2nd postnatal week, when corticospinal synaptogenesis occurs. Overexpression of Shh in adult CSNs did not affect motor functions and had borderline effects on promoting the recovery of skilled locomotion following ischemic stroke. In contrast, CSNs-specific Shh overexpression significantly enhanced the efficacy of rehabilitative training, resulting in robust axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis of corticospinal axons into the denervated spinal cord, along with significantly improved behavioral outcomes. Mechanistically, combinatory treatment led to additional mTOR activation in CSNs when compared to that evoked by rehabilitative training alone. Taken together, our study unveiled a role of Shh, a morphogen involved in early development, in enhancing neuroplasticity, which significantly improved the outcomes of rehabilitative training. These results thus provide novel insights into the design of combinatory treatment for stroke and traumatic central nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqi Fan
- Pain Department of Yueyang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouying Du
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Shukun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200042, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Chen B, Tan Q, Zhang H, Chu W, Wen H, Tian X, Yang Y, Li W, Li W, Chen Y, Feng H. Contralesional Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Promotes Intact Corticospinal Tract Axonal Sprouting and Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:214-228. [PMID: 38385458 DOI: 10.1177/15459683241233261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (AtDCS), a neuromodulatory technique, has been applied to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients and was reported to promote functional improvement. We evaluated the effect of contralesional AtDCS on axonal sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract (CST) and the underlying mechanism in a TBI mouse model to provide more preclinical evidence for the use of AtDCS to treat TBI. METHODS TBI was induced in mice by a contusion device. Then, the mice were subjected to contralesional AtDCS 5 days per week followed by a 2-day interval for 7 weeks. After AtDCS, motor function was evaluated by the irregular ladder walking, narrow beam walking, and open field tests. CST sprouting was assessed by anterograde and retrograde labeling of corticospinal neurons (CSNs), and the effect of AtDCS was further validated by pharmacogenetic inhibition of axonal sprouting using clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). RESULTS TBI resulted in damage to the ipsilesional cortex, while the contralesional CST remained intact. AtDCS improved the skilled motor functions of the impaired hindlimb in TBI mice by promoting CST axon sprouting, specifically from the intact hemicord to the denervated hemicord. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of CSNs significantly increased the excitability of neurons and thus activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Contralesional AtDCS improved skilled motor following TBI, partly by promoting axonal sprouting through increased neuronal activity and thus activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beike Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Tan
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huizhong Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelong Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weina Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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13
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Tashiro S, Shibata S, Nagoshi N, Zhang L, Yamada S, Tsuji T, Nakamura M, Okano H. Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies. Cells 2024; 13:412. [PMID: 38474376 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is no choice other than rehabilitation as a practical medical treatment to restore impairments or improve activities after acute treatment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect is unremarkable. Therefore, researchers have been seeking effective pharmacological treatments. These will, hopefully, exert a greater effect when combined with rehabilitation. However, no review has specifically summarized the combinatorial effects of rehabilitation with various medical agents. In the current review, which included 43 articles, we summarized the combinatorial effects according to the properties of the medical agents, namely neuromodulation, neurotrophic factors, counteraction to inhibitory factors, and others. The recovery processes promoted by rehabilitation include the regeneration of tracts, neuroprotection, scar tissue reorganization, plasticity of spinal circuits, microenvironmental change in the spinal cord, and enforcement of the musculoskeletal system, which are additive, complementary, or even synergistic with medication in many cases. However, there are some cases that lack interaction or even demonstrate competition between medication and rehabilitation. A large fraction of the combinatorial mechanisms remains to be elucidated, and very few studies have investigated complex combinations of these agents or targeted chronically injured spinal cords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syoichi Tashiro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shin Yamada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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14
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Tai W, Du X, Chen C, Xu XM, Zhang CL, Wu W. NG2 glia reprogramming induces robust axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. iScience 2024; 27:108895. [PMID: 38318363 PMCID: PMC10839253 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neuronal loss, axonal degeneration, and behavioral dysfunction. We recently show that in vivo reprogramming of NG2 glia produces new neurons, reduces glial scaring, and ultimately leads to improved function after SCI. By examining endogenous neurons, we here unexpectedly uncover that NG2 glia reprogramming also induces robust axonal regeneration of the corticospinal tract and serotonergic neurons. Such reprogramming-induced axonal regeneration may contribute to the reconstruction of neural networks essential for behavioral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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15
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Yi W, Xue Y, Qing W, Cao Y, Zhou L, Xu M, Sun Z, Li Y, Mai X, Shi L, He C, Zhang F, Duh EJ, Cao Y, Liu X. Effective treatment of optic neuropathies by intraocular delivery of MSC-sEVs through augmenting the G-CSF-macrophage pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305947121. [PMID: 38289952 PMCID: PMC10861878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305947121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies, characterized by injury of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons of the optic nerve, cause incurable blindness worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) represent a promising "cell-free" therapy for regenerative medicine; however, the therapeutic effect on neural restoration fluctuates, and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we illustrated that intraocular administration of MSC-sEVs promoted both RGC survival and axon regeneration in an optic nerve crush mouse model. Mechanistically, MSC-sEVs primarily targeted retinal mural cells to release high levels of colony-stimulating factor 3 (G-CSF) that recruited a neural restorative population of Ly6Clow monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo/MΦ). Intravitreal administration of G-CSF, a clinically proven agent for treating neutropenia, or donor Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ markedly improved neurological outcomes in vivo. Together, our data define a unique mechanism of MSC-sEV-induced G-CSF-to-Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ signaling in repairing optic nerve injury and highlight local delivery of MSC-sEVs, G-CSF, and Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ as therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Mingming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Elia J. Duh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Matsuda T, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi K, Noda M. Two parabrachial Cck neurons involved in the feedback control of thirst or salt appetite. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113619. [PMID: 38157299 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirst and salt appetite are temporarily suppressed after water and salt ingestion, respectively, before absorption; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is the relay center of ingestion signals from the digestive organs. We herein identify two distinct neuronal populations expressing cholecystokinin (Cck) mRNA in the lateral PBN that are activated in response to water and salt intake, respectively. The two Cck neurons in the dorsal-lateral compartment of the PBN project to the median preoptic nucleus and ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, respectively. The optogenetic stimulation of respective Cck neurons suppresses thirst or salt appetite under water- or salt-depleted conditions. The combination of optogenetics and in vivo Ca2+ imaging during ingestion reveals that both Cck neurons control GABAergic neurons in their target nuclei. These findings provide the feedback mechanisms for the suppression of thirst and salt appetite after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuda
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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17
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Liu Q, Yang H, Luo J, Peng C, Wang K, Zhang G, Lin H, Ji Z. 14-3-3 protein augments the protein stability of phosphorylated spastin and promotes the recovery of spinal cord injury through its agonist intervention. eLife 2024; 12:RP90184. [PMID: 38231910 PMCID: PMC10945579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is abortive in the central nervous system following injury. Orchestrating microtubule dynamics has emerged as a promising approach to improve axonal regeneration. The microtubule severing enzyme spastin is essential for axonal development and regeneration through remodeling of microtubule arrangement. To date, however, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying spastin action in neural regeneration after spinal cord injury. Here, we use glutathione transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate that 14-3-3 interacts with spastin, both in vivo and in vitro, via spastin Ser233 phosphorylation. Moreover, we show that 14-3-3 protects spastin from degradation by inhibiting the ubiquitination pathway and upregulates the spastin-dependent severing ability. Furthermore, the 14-3-3 agonist Fusicoccin (FC-A) promotes neurite outgrowth and regeneration in vitro which needs spastin activation. Western blot and immunofluorescence results revealed that 14-3-3 protein is upregulated in the neuronal compartment after spinal cord injury in vivo. In addition, administration of FC-A not only promotes locomotor recovery, but also nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury in both contusion and lateral hemisection models; however, the application of spastin inhibitor spastazoline successfully reverses these phenomena. Taken together, these results indicate that 14-3-3 is a molecular switch that regulates spastin protein levels, and the small molecule 14-3-3 agonist FC-A effectively mediates the recovery of spinal cord injury in mice which requires spastin participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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18
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Yang Y, Chen X, Yang C, Liu M, Huang Q, Yang L, Wang Y, Feng H, Gao Z, Chen T. Chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract during rehabilitative training promotes circuit rewiring and functional recovery after stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114603. [PMID: 37923187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromodulatory techniques have been proven to enhance functional recovery after stroke in patients and animals, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, the success and feasibility of these approaches were often variable, largely due to a lack of target specificity. OBJECTIVE We explored the effects of specific chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract during rehabilitative training on functional recovery after stroke in mice. METHODS We developed a viral-based intersectional targeting approach that allows specific chemogentic activation of contralateral hindlimb corticospinal neurons (CSNs) in a photothrombotic stroke model. RESULTS We demonstrated that specific chemogenetic activation of CSNs, when combined with daily rehabilitation training, leads to significant skilled motor functional recovery via promoting corticospinal tract (CST) axons midline crossing sprouting from intact to the denervated spinal hemicord, and rewiring new functional circuits by new synapse formation. Mechanistically, we revealed that combined chemogenetic stimulation of CSNs and daily rehabilitation training significantly enhanced the mTOR activity of CSNs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the great potential of specific neural activation protocols in combination with motor training for the recovery of skilled motor functions after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianying Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhongyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31003, China.
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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19
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Wang J, Zhu M, Sun J, Feng L, Yang M, Sun B, Mao L. Gene therapy of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in preclinical models of ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3725-3740. [PMID: 37551863 PMCID: PMC10651967 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke has been associated with devastating clinical outcomes, with current treatment strategies proving largely ineffective. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative treatment options for addressing post-stroke functional deficits. Gene therapy utilizing adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as a critical gene vector delivering genes to the central nervous system (CNS) gene delivery has emerged as a promising approach for treating various CNS diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the biological characteristics of AAV vectors and the therapeutic advancements observed in preclinical models of ischemic stroke. The study further investigates the potential of manipulating AAV vectors in preclinical applications, emphasizing the challenges and prospects in the selection of viral vectors, drug delivery strategies, immune reactions, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Mengna Zhu
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Spinal SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lina Feng
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Baoliang Sun
- Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Leilei Mao
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
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20
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Wang Y, Su H, Zhong J, Zhan Z, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Li S, Wang H, Yang C, Yu L, Tan B, Yin Y. Osteopontin enhances the effect of treadmill training and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:44. [PMID: 38015348 PMCID: PMC10684450 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the combined impact of osteopontin (OPN) and treadmill training on mice with spinal cord injury (SCI). OPN was overexpressed by injecting AAV9-SPP1-GFP into the sensorimotor cortex, followed by a left incomplete C5 crush injury two weeks later. Mice (Ex or Ex + OPN group) were trained at 50% maximum running speed for 8 weeks. To analyze the effects, we used biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) for tracing the corticospinal tract (CST) and performed Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods to assess the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We also examined axonal regeneration and conducted behavioral tests to measure functional recovery. The results demonstrated that treadmill training promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and activated mTOR signaling. OPN amplified the effect of treadmill training on activating mTOR signaling indicated by upregulated phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6). The combination of OPN and exercise further promoted functional recovery and facilitated limited CST axonal regeneration which did not occur with treadmill training and OPN treatment alone. These findings indicate that OPN enhances the effects of treadmill training in the treatment of SCI and offer new therapeutic insights for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zuxiong Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Special War Wound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Special War Wound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Special War Wound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Special War Wound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Botao Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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21
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Mohammed Butt A, Rupareliya V, Hariharan A, Kumar H. Building a pathway to recovery: Targeting ECM remodeling in CNS injuries. Brain Res 2023; 1819:148533. [PMID: 37586675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of proteoglycans, proteins, and other macromolecules that surrounds cells in tissues. The ECM provides structural support to cells and plays a critical role in regulating various cellular functions. ECM remodeling is a dynamic process involving the breakdown and reconstruction of the ECM. This process occurs naturally during tissue growth, wound healing, and tissue repair. However, in the context of central nervous system (CNS) injuries, dysregulated ECM remodeling can lead to the formation of fibrotic and glial scars. CNS injuries encompass various traumatic events, including concussions and fractures. Following CNS trauma, the formation of glial and fibrotic scars becomes prominent. Glial scars primarily consist of reactive astrocytes, while fibrotic scars are characterized by an abundance of ECM proteins. ECM remodeling plays a pivotal and tightly regulated role in the development of these scars after spinal cord and brain injuries. Various factors like ECM components, ECM remodeling enzymes, cell surface receptors of ECM molecules, and downstream pathways of ECM molecules are responsible for the remodeling of the ECM. The aim of this review article is to explore the changes in ECM during normal physiological conditions and following CNS injuries. Additionally, we discuss various approaches that target various factors responsible for ECM remodeling, with a focus on promoting axon regeneration and functional recovery after CNS injuries. By targeting ECM remodeling, it may be possible to enhance axonal regeneration and facilitate functional recovery after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Mohammed Butt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vimal Rupareliya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - A Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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22
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Xu H, Gao Z, Wang Z, Wu W, Li H, Liu Y, Jia S, Hao D, Zhu L. Electrospun PCL Nerve Conduit Filled with GelMA Gel for CNTF and IGF-1 Delivery in Promoting Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rat. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6309-6321. [PMID: 37919884 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering is an essential strategy to repair long-segment peripheral nerve defects. Modification of the nerve conduit is an effective way to improve the local microenvironment of the injury site and facilitate nerve regeneration. However, the concurrent release of multiple growth cues that regulate the activity of Schwann cells and neurons remains a challenge. The present study involved the fabrication of a composite hydrogel, specifically methacrylate-anhydride gelatin-ciliary neurotrophic factor/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1), with the aim of providing a sustained release of CNTF and IGF-1. The GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 hydrogels exhibited a swelling rate of 10.2% following a 24 h incubation in vitro. In vitro, GelMA hydrogels demonstrated a high degree of efficiency in the sustained release of CNTF and IGF-1 proteins, with a release rate of 85.9% for CNTF and 90.9% for IGF-1 shown at day 28. In addition, the GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 composite hydrogel promoted the proliferation of Schwann cells and the production of nerve growth factor (NGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, and laminin and also considerably promoted the axonal growth of neurons. Furthermore, GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 hydrogels were loaded into PCL electrospun nerve conduits to repair 15 mm sciatic nerve defects in rats. In vivo studies indicated that PCL-GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 could efficiently accelerate the regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve, promote the formation of the myelin sheath of new axons, promote the electrophysiological function of regenerated nerves, and eventually improve the recovery of motor function in rats. Overall, the PCL-GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 scaffold presents an attractive new approach for generating an optimal therapeutic alternative for peripheral nerve restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Ziheng Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Shuaijun Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
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23
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Belew MY, Huang W, Florman JT, Alkema MJ, Byrne AB. PARP knockdown promotes synapse reformation after axon injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565562. [PMID: 37961175 PMCID: PMC10635140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Injured nervous systems are often incapable of self-repairing, resulting in permanent loss of function and disability. To restore function, a severed axon must not only regenerate, but must also reform synapses with target cells. Together, these processes beget functional axon regeneration. Progress has been made towards a mechanistic understanding of axon regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine whether and how synapses are formed by a regenerated motor axon are not well understood. Using a combination of in vivo laser axotomy, genetics, and high-resolution imaging, we find that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) inhibit synapse reformation in regenerating axons. As a result, regenerated parp(-) axons regain more function than regenerated wild-type axons, even though both have reached their target cells. We find that PARPs regulate both axon regeneration and synapse reformation in coordination with proteolytic calpain CLP-4. These results indicate approaches to functionally repair the injured nervous system must specifically target synapse reformation, in addition to other components of the injury response.
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24
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Zhao Q, Su H, Jiang W, Luo H, Pan L, Liu Y, Yang C, Yin Y, Yu L, Tan B. IGF-1 Combined with OPN Promotes Neuronal Axon Growth in Vitro Through the IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Lipid Rafts. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3190-3201. [PMID: 37395917 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) combined with osteopontin (OPN) on the protein expression levels and growth of neuronal axons and its possible mechanism. In this study, IGF-1 combined with OPN promoted neuronal axon growth through the IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in lipid rafts, and the effect was better than that of either agent alone. This effect was suppressed when given the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or the lipid raft cholesterol extraction agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD). Rapamycin could inhibit the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (p-S6) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and limit axon growth. In addition to the above effects, M-β-CD significantly downregulated the expression of phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (p-IR). To further investigate the changes in lipid rafts when stimulated by different recombinant proteins, membrane lipid rafts were isolated to observe the changes by western blot. The expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IR) and P-IR in the IGF-1 combined with OPN group were the highest. When M-β-CD was administered to the lipid rafts of neurons, the enrichment of IR by IGF-1 combined with OPN was weakened, and the p-IR was decreased. Our study found that IGF-1 combined with OPN could promote axon growth by activating the IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in neuronal lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Haodong Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Botao Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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25
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Zhao M, Toma K, Kinde B, Li L, Patel AK, Wu KY, Lum MR, Tan C, Hooper JE, Kriegstein AR, La Torre A, Liao YJ, Welsbie DS, Hu Y, Han Y, Duan X. Osteopontin drives retinal ganglion cell resiliency in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113038. [PMID: 37624696 PMCID: PMC10591811 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegeneration and acute injuries lead to neuron losses via diverse processes. We compared retinal ganglion cell (RGC) responses between chronic glaucomatous conditions and the acute injury model. Among major RGC subclasses, αRGCs and intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs) preferentially survive glaucomatous conditions, similar to findings in the retina subject to axotomy. Focusing on an αRGC intrinsic factor, Osteopontin (secreted phosphoprotein 1 [Spp1]), we found an ectopic neuronal expression of Osteopontin (Spp1) in other RGCs subject to glaucomatous conditions. This contrasted with the Spp1 downregulation subject to axotomy. αRGC-specific Spp1 elimination led to significant αRGC loss, diminishing their resiliency. Spp1 overexpression led to robust neuroprotection of susceptible RGC subclasses under glaucomatous conditions. In contrast, Spp1 overexpression did not significantly protect RGCs subject to axotomy. Additionally, SPP1 marked adult human RGC subsets with large somata and SPP1 expression in the aqueous humor correlated with glaucoma severity. Our study reveals Spp1's role in mediating neuronal resiliency in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenichi Toma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benyam Kinde
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Amit K Patel
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kong-Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew R Lum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chengxi Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jody E Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Derek S Welsbie
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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26
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Thompson D, Odufuwa AE, Brissette CA, Watt JA. Transcriptome and methylome of the supraoptic nucleus provides insights into the age-dependent loss of neuronal plasticity. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223273. [PMID: 37711995 PMCID: PMC10498476 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-dependent loss of neuronal plasticity is a well-known phenomenon that is poorly understood. The loss of this capacity for axonal regeneration is emphasized following traumatic brain injury, which is a major cause of disability and death among adults in the US. We have previously shown the intrinsic capacity of magnocellular neurons within the supraoptic nucleus to undergo axonal regeneration following unilateral axotomization in an age-dependent manner. The aim of this research was to determine the age-dependent molecular mechanisms that may underlie this phenomenon. As such, we characterized the transcriptome and DNA methylome of the supraoptic nucleus in uninjured 35-day old rats and 125-day old rats. Our data indicates the downregulation of a large number of axonogenesis related transcripts in 125-day old rats compared to 35-day old rats. Specifically, several semaphorin and ephrin genes were downregulated, as well as growth factors including FGF's, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Differential methylation analysis indicates enrichment of biological processes involved in axonogenesis and axon guidance. Conversely, we observed a robust and specific upregulation of MHCI related transcripts. This may involve the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex as motif analysis of differentially methylated regions indicate enrichment of AP-1 binding sites in hypomethylated regions. Together, our data suggests a loss of pro-regenerative capabilities with age which would prevent axonal growth and appropriate innervation following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John A. Watt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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27
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Zheng J, Wu H, Wang X, Zhang G, Lu J, Xu W, Xu S, Fang Y, Zhang A, Shao A, Chen S, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Yu J. Temporal dynamics of microglia-astrocyte interaction in neuroprotective glial scar formation after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:862-879. [PMID: 37719195 PMCID: PMC10499589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of glial scar after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether microglia-astrocyte interaction affects glial scar formation and explore the specific function of glial scar. We used a pharmacologic approach to induce microglial depletion during different ICH stages and examine how ablating microglia affects astrocytic scar formation. Spatial transcriptomics (ST) analysis was performed to explore the potential ligand-receptor pair in the modulation of microglia-astrocyte interaction and to verify the functional changes of astrocytic scars at different periods. During the early stage, sustained microglial depletion induced disorganized astrocytic scar, enhanced neutrophil infiltration, and impaired tissue repair. ST analysis indicated that microglia-derived insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) modulated astrocytic scar formation via mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activation. Moreover, repopulating microglia (RM) more strongly activated mTOR signaling, facilitating a more protective scar formation. The combination of IGF1 and osteopontin (OPN) was necessary and sufficient for RM function, rather than IGF1 or OPN alone. At the chronic stage of ICH, the overall net effect of astrocytic scar changed from protective to destructive and delayed microglial depletion could partly reverse this. The vital insight gleaned from our data is that sustained microglial depletion may not be a reasonable treatment strategy for early-stage ICH. Inversely, early-stage IGF1/OPN treatment combined with late-stage PLX3397 treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy. This prompts us to consider the complex temporal dynamics and overall net effect of microglia and astrocytes, and develop elaborate treatment strategies at precise time points after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jia'nan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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28
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Subramani M, Van Hook MJ, Ahmad I. Reproducible generation of human retinal ganglion cells from banked retinal progenitor cells: analysis of target recognition and IGF-1-mediated axon regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1214104. [PMID: 37519299 PMCID: PMC10373790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1214104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a common feature in glaucoma, a complex group of diseases, leading to irreversible vision loss. Stem cell-based glaucoma disease modeling, cell replacement, and axon regeneration are viable approaches to understand mechanisms underlying glaucomatous degeneration for neuroprotection, ex vivo stem cell therapy, and therapeutic regeneration. These approaches require direct and facile generation of human RGCs (hRGCs) from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we demonstrate a method for rapid generation of hRGCs from banked human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs) by recapitulating the developmental mechanism. The resulting hRGCs are stable, functional, and transplantable and have the potential for target recognition, demonstrating their suitability for both ex vivo stem cell approaches to glaucomatous degeneration and disease modeling. Additionally, we demonstrate that hRGCs derived from banked hRPCs are capable of regenerating their axons through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism involving insulin-like growth factor 1 and the mTOR axis, demonstrating their potential to identify and characterize the underlying mechanism(s) that can be targeted for therapeutic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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29
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Li L, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Zhu J, Wu D, Yan X, Li C, Wu M, Li W. Exploring the mechanisms under Zuogui Pill's treatment of ischemic stroke through network pharmacology and in vitro experimental verification. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1153478. [PMID: 37426810 PMCID: PMC10323140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1153478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high mortality, incidence and disability rates, ischemic stroke poses heavy economic burdens to families and society. Zuogui Pill (ZGP) is a classic Chinese medicine for tonifying the kidney, which is effective for the recovery of neurological function after ischemic stroke. However, Zuogui Pill has not been evaluated for its potential effects on ischemic strokes. Using network pharmacology, the research aimed to explore the mechanisms of Zuogui Pill on ischemic stroke, which were further validated in SH-SY5Y cells injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Network analysis of Zuogui Pill identified 86 active ingredients and 107 compound-related targets correlated with ischemic stroke. Additionally, 11 core active compounds were obtained, such as Quercetin, beta sitosterol, and stigmasterol. Most of the compounds have been proven to have pharmacological activities. Based on pathway enrichment studies, Zuogui Pill may exert neuroprotection through MAPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling and apoptosis, as well as enhance neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration effect via mTOR signaling, p53 signaling and Wnt signaling pathways. In vitro experiment, the viability of ischemic neuron treated with Zuogui Pill was increased, and the ability of neurite outgrowth was significantly improved. Western blot assays shown that the pro-neurite outgrowth effect of Zuogui Pill on ischemic stroke may be relate to PTEN/mTOR signal pathway. The results of the study provided new insights into Zuogui Pill's molecular mechanism in treatment of ischemic stroke, as well as clinical references for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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30
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Tai W, Du X, Chen C, Xu XM, Zhang CL, Wu W. NG2 Glia Reprogramming Induces Robust Axonal Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544792. [PMID: 37398355 PMCID: PMC10312714 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neuronal loss, axonal degeneration and behavioral dysfunction. We recently show that in vivo reprogramming of NG2 glia produces new neurons, reduces glial scaring, and ultimately leads to improved function after SCI. By examining endogenous neurons, we here unexpectedly uncover that NG2 glia reprogramming also induces robust axonal regeneration of the corticospinal tract and serotonergic neurons. Such reprogramming-induced axonal regeneration may contribute to the reconstruction of neural networks essential for behavioral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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31
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Liu C, Wu X, Vulugundam G, Gokulnath P, Li G, Xiao J. Exercise Promotes Tissue Regeneration: Mechanisms Involved and Therapeutic Scope. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 37149504 PMCID: PMC10164224 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has well-recognized beneficial effects on the whole body. Previous studies suggest that exercise could promote tissue regeneration and repair in various organs. In this review, we have summarized the major effects of exercise on tissue regeneration primarily mediated by stem cells and progenitor cells in skeletal muscle, nervous system, and vascular system. The protective function of exercise-induced stem cell activation under pathological conditions and aging in different organs have also been discussed in detail. Moreover, we have described the primary molecular mechanisms involved in exercise-induced tissue regeneration, including the roles of growth factors, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, metabolic factors, and non-coding RNAs. We have also summarized therapeutic approaches that target crucial signaling pathways and molecules responsible for exercise-induced tissue regeneration, such as IGF1, PI3K, and microRNAs. Collectively, the comprehensive understanding of exercise-induced tissue regeneration will facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | | | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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32
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Ren J, Lv Y, Tian Q, Sun L, Miao P, Yang X, Xu LX, Feng CX, Li M, Gu Q, Feng X, Ding X. Suppression of Microglial ERO1a Alleviates Inflammation and Enhances the Efficacy of Rehabilitative Training After Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03333-8. [PMID: 37100971 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglia mediated inflammation plays a crucial role in cellular events and functional recovery post ischemic stroke. In the current study, we profiled the proteome changes of microglia treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Bioinformatics analysis identified that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched in pathways associated with oxidate phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiratory chain at both 6h and 24h post OGD. We next focused on one validated target named endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1a) to study its role in stroke pathophysiology. We showed that over-expression of microglial ERO1a exacerbated inflammation, cell apoptosis and behavioral outcomes post middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In contrast, suppression of microglial ERO1a significantly reduced activation of both microglia and astrocyte, along with cell apoptosis. Furthermore, knocking down microglial ERO1a improved the efficacy of rehabilitative training and enhanced the mTOR activity in spared corticospinal neurons. Our study provided novel insights into the identification of therapeutic targets and the design of rehabilitative protocols to treat ischemic stroke and other traumatic CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Department of Neonatology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northan Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Li Sun
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Po Miao
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Chen-Xi Feng
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Mei Li
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnanjie Road, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang F, Ruppell KT, Zhou S, Qu Y, Gong J, Shang Y, Wu J, Liu X, Diao W, Li Y, Xiang Y. Gliotransmission and adenosine signaling promote axon regeneration. Dev Cell 2023; 58:660-676.e7. [PMID: 37028426 PMCID: PMC10173126 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
How glia control axon regeneration remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate glial regulation of regenerative ability differences of closely related Drosophila larval sensory neuron subtypes. Axotomy elicits Ca2+ signals in ensheathing glia, which activates regenerative neurons through the gliotransmitter adenosine and mounts axon regenerative programs. However, non-regenerative neurons do not respond to glial stimulation or adenosine. Such neuronal subtype-specific responses result from specific expressions of adenosine receptors in regenerative neurons. Disrupting gliotransmission impedes axon regeneration of regenerative neurons, and ectopic adenosine receptor expression in non-regenerative neurons suffices to activate regenerative programs and induce axon regeneration. Furthermore, stimulating gliotransmission or activating the mammalian ortholog of Drosophila adenosine receptors in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) promotes axon regrowth after optic nerve crush in adult mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that gliotransmission orchestrates neuronal subtype-specific axon regeneration in Drosophila and suggest that targeting gliotransmission or adenosine signaling is a strategy for mammalian central nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kendra Takle Ruppell
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Qu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ye Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jinglin Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlin Diao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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34
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Yang C, Chen X, Zhang C, Lei X, Lu Y, Wang Y, Feng H, Chen T, Yang Y. Acetylated α-tubulin alleviates injury to the dendritic spines after ischemic stroke in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36965035 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Functional recovery is associated with the preservation of dendritic spines in the penumbra area after stroke. Previous studies found that polymerized microtubules (MTs) serve a crucial role in regulating dendritic spine formation and plasticity. However, the mechanisms that are involved are poorly understood. This study is designed to understand whether the upregulation of acetylated α-tubulin (α-Ac-Tub, a marker for stable, and polymerized MTs) could alleviate injury to the dendritic spines in the penumbra area and motor dysfunction after ischemic stroke. METHODS Ischemic stroke was mimicked both in an in vivo and in vitro setup using middle cerebral artery occlusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation models. Thy1-YFP mice were utilized to observe the morphology of the dendritic spines in the penumbra area. MEC17 is the specific acetyltransferase of α-tubulin. Thy1 CreERT2-eYFP and MEC17fl/fl mice were mated to produce mice with decreased expression of α-Ac-Tub in dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, AAV-PHP.B-DIO-MEC17 virus and tubastatin A (TBA) were injected into Thy1 CreERT2-eYFP and Thy1-YFP mice to increase α-Ac-Tub expression. Single-pellet retrieval, irregular ladder walking, rotarod, and cylinder tests were performed to test the motor function after the ischemic stroke. RESULTS α-Ac-Tub was colocalized with postsynaptic density 95. Although knockout of MEC17 in the pyramidal neurons did not affect the density of the dendritic spines, it significantly aggravated the injury to them in the penumbra area and motor dysfunction after stroke. However, MEC17 upregulation in the pyramidal neurons and TBA treatment could maintain mature dendritic spine density and alleviate motor dysfunction after stroke. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that α-Ac-Tub plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the structure and functions of mature dendritic spines. Moreover, α-Ac-Tub protected the dendritic spines in the penumbra area and alleviated motor dysfunction after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214044, China
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214044, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214044, China
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Liu F, Huang Y, Wang H. Rodent Models of Spinal Cord Injury: From Pathology to Application. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:340-361. [PMID: 36303082 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often has devastating consequences for the patient's physical, mental and occupational health. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and appropriate animal models are very important for studying the pathological manifestations, injury mechanisms, and corresponding treatment. However, the pathological changes in each injury model are different, which creates difficulties in selecting appropriate models for different research purposes. In this article, we analyze various SCI models and introduce their pathological features, including inflammation, glial scar formation, axon regeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model, which is convenient for selecting suitable models for different injury mechanisms to study therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Wang Y, Luo H, Liu Y, Yang C, Yin Y, Tan B. Multimodal rehabilitation promotes axonal sprouting and functional recovery in a murine model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Neurosci Lett 2023; 795:137029. [PMID: 36566832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, resulting in severe and permanent disabilities that significantly impact the individual's life. Rehabilitation is a commonly accepted and effective clinical treatment modality for neurological disabilities. A single form of rehabilitation training is, however, limited. Indeed, recent studies have reported that a combination of various training strategies may be more promising in promoting functional recovery. However, few studies have focused on combining different forms of rehabilitative training. Here, we investigated the effect of combining treadmill training and single pellet grasping in a well-established model of murine SCI to assess whether combining rehabilitation approaches improve outcomes. In brief, one week following crush SCI, mice were subjected to the treadmill and single pellet grasping training (SPG) for a period of six weeks. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was used to anterogradely trace corticospinal tract axons to assess functionally relevant axonal sprouting. Our results revealed that the combined training upregulated p-S6 expression, facilitated axonal sprouting, increased the formation of functional synaptic connections, and promoted functional recovery of the upper limb. Our study provides experimental evidence for the benefit of combining multiple modalities of rehabilitative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Haodong Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Special War Wound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Special War Wound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Botao Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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37
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Zheng B, Tuszynski MH. Regulation of axonal regeneration after mammalian spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:396-413. [PMID: 36604586 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years ago, Ramón y Cajal, considered by many as the founder of modern neuroscience, stated that neurons of the adult central nervous system (CNS) are incapable of regenerating. Yet, recent years have seen a tremendous expansion of knowledge in the molecular control of axon regeneration after CNS injury. We now understand that regeneration in the adult CNS is limited by (1) a failure to form cellular or molecular substrates for axon attachment and elongation through the lesion site; (2) environmental factors, including inhibitors of axon growth associated with myelin and the extracellular matrix; (3) astrocyte responses, which can both limit and support axon growth; and (4) intraneuronal mechanisms controlling the establishment of an active cellular growth programme. We discuss these topics together with newly emerging hypotheses, including the surprising finding from transcriptomic analyses of the corticospinal system in mice that neurons revert to an embryonic state after spinal cord injury, which can be sustained to promote regeneration with neural stem cell transplantation. These gains in knowledge are steadily advancing efforts to develop effective treatment strategies for spinal cord injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Mark H Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
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38
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Boato F, Guan X, Zhu Y, Ryu Y, Voutounou M, Rynne C, Freschlin CR, Zumbo P, Betel D, Matho K, Makarov SN, Wu Z, Son YJ, Nummenmaa A, Huang JZ, Edwards DJ, Zhong J. Activation of MAP2K signaling by genetic engineering or HF-rTMS promotes corticospinal axon sprouting and functional regeneration. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq6885. [PMID: 36599003 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Facilitating axon regeneration in the injured central nervous system remains a challenging task. RAF-MAP2K signaling plays a key role in axon elongation during nervous system development. Here, we show that conditional expression of a constitutively kinase-activated BRAF in mature corticospinal neurons elicited the expression of a set of transcription factors previously implicated in the regeneration of zebrafish retinal ganglion cell axons and promoted regeneration and sprouting of corticospinal tract (CST) axons after spinal cord injury in mice. Newly sprouting axon collaterals formed synaptic connections with spinal interneurons, resulting in improved recovery of motor function. Noninvasive suprathreshold high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) activated the BRAF canonical downstream effectors MAP2K1/2 and modulated the expression of a set of regeneration-related transcription factors in a pattern consistent with that induced by BRAF activation. HF-rTMS enabled CST axon regeneration and sprouting, which was abolished in MAP2K1/2 conditional null mice. These data collectively demonstrate a central role of MAP2K signaling in augmenting the growth capacity of mature corticospinal neurons and suggest that HF-rTMS might have potential for treating spinal cord injury by modulating MAP2K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Boato
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaofei Guan
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Youngjae Ryu
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mariel Voutounou
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Rynne
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chase R Freschlin
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katie Matho
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Sergey N Makarov
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Josh Z Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dylan J Edwards
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA.,Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19108, USA.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Jian Zhong
- Molecular Regeneration and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Wang J, Cai Y, Sun J, Feng H, Zhu X, Chen Q, Gao F, Ni Q, Mao L, Yang M, Sun B. Administration of intramuscular AAV-BDNF and intranasal AAV-TrkB promotes neurological recovery via enhancing corticospinal synaptic connections in stroke rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114236. [PMID: 36183811 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke causes long-term disability in survivors. BDNF/TrkB plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), promoting neurological recovery. In this study, we performed non-invasive treatment methods focused on intramuscular injection into stroke-injured forelimb muscles, or intranasal administration using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors carrying genes encoding BDNF or TrkB. In a permanent rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, we assessed the effects of combination therapy with AAV-BDNF and AAV-TrkB on motor functional recovery and synaptic plasticity of the corticospinal connections. Our results showed that BDNF or TrkB gene transduced in the spinal anterior horn neurons and cerebral cortical neurons. Compared to AAV vector treatment alone, behavioral and electrophysiological results showed that the combination therapy significantly improved upper limb motor functional recovery and neurotransmission efficiency after stroke. BDA tracing, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy of synaptic ultrastructure results revealed that the combination therapy not only potently increased the expression of Synapsin I, PSD-95, and GAP-43, but also promoted the axonal remodeling and restoration of abnormal synaptic structures. These findings provide a new strategy for enhancing neural plasticity and a potential means to treat stroke clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China; Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yichen Cai
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbin Ni
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Taian Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Leilei Mao
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Baoliang Sun
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China; Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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40
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Downregulation of UBE4B promotes CNS axon regrowth and functional recovery after stroke. iScience 2022; 26:105885. [PMID: 36654858 PMCID: PMC9840934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited intrinsic regrowth capacity of corticospinal axons impedes functional recovery after cortical stroke. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p53 pathways have been identified as the key intrinsic pathways regulating CNS axon regrowth, little is known about the key upstream regulatory mechanism by which these two major pathways control CNS axon regrowth. By screening genes that regulate ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the p53 proteins in mice, we found that ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) represses axonal regrowth in retinal ganglion cells and corticospinal neurons. We found that axonal regrowth induced by UBE4B depletion depended on the cooperative activation of p53 and mTOR. Importantly, overexpression of UbV.E4B, a competitive inhibitor of UBE4B, in corticospinal neurons promoted corticospinal axon sprouting and facilitated the recovery of corticospinal axon-dependent function in a cortical stroke model. Thus, our findings provide a translatable strategy for restoring corticospinal tract-dependent functions after cortical stroke.
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41
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Anderson MA, Squair JW, Gautier M, Hutson TH, Kathe C, Barraud Q, Bloch J, Courtine G. Natural and targeted circuit reorganization after spinal cord injury. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1584-1596. [PMID: 36396975 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury disrupts communication between the brain and the circuits in the spinal cord that regulate neurological functions. The consequences are permanent paralysis, loss of sensation and debilitating dysautonomia. However, the majority of circuits located above and below the injury remain anatomically intact, and these circuits can reorganize naturally to improve function. In addition, various neuromodulation therapies have tapped into these processes to further augment recovery. Emerging research is illuminating the requirements to reconstitute damaged circuits. Here, we summarize these natural and targeted reorganizations of circuits after a spinal cord injury. We also advocate for new concepts of reorganizing circuits informed by multi-omic single-cell atlases of recovery from injury. These atlases will uncover the molecular logic that governs the selection of 'recovery-organizing' neuronal subpopulations, and are poised to herald a new era in spinal cord medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Anderson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jordan W Squair
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Gautier
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas H Hutson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kathe
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Barraud
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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42
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Beine Z, Wang Z, Tsoulfas P, Blackmore MG. Single Nuclei Analyses Reveal Transcriptional Profiles and Marker Genes for Diverse Supraspinal Populations. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8780-8794. [PMID: 36202615 PMCID: PMC9698772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1197-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain contains numerous neurons distributed across forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain that project axons to the lower spinal cord and work in concert to control movement and achieve homeostasis. Extensive work has mapped the anatomic location of supraspinal cell types and continues to establish specific physiological functions. The patterns of gene expression that typify and distinguish these disparate populations, however, are mostly unknown. Here, using adult mice of mixed sex, we combined retrograde labeling of supraspinal cell nuclei with fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting and single-nuclei RNA sequencing analyses to transcriptionally profile neurons that project axons from the brain to lumbar spinal cord. We identified 14 transcriptionally distinct cell types and used a combination of established and newly identified marker genes to assign an anatomic location to each. To validate the putative marker genes, we visualized selected transcripts and confirmed selective expression within lumbar-projecting neurons in discrete supraspinal regions. Finally, we illustrate the potential utility of these data by examining the expression of transcription factors that distinguish different supraspinal cell types and by surveying the expression of receptors for growth and guidance cues that may be present in the spinal cord. Collectively, these data establish transcriptional differences between anatomically defined supraspinal populations, identify a new set of marker genes of use in future experiments, and provide insight into potential differences in cellular and physiological activity across the supraspinal connectome.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain communicates with the body through a wide variety of neuronal populations with distinct functions and differential sensitivity to damage and disease. We have used single-nuclei RNA sequencing technology to distinguish patterns of gene expression within a diverse set of neurons that project axons from the mouse brain to the lumbar spinal cord. The results reveal transcriptional differences between populations previously defined on the basis of anatomy, provide new marker genes to facilitate rapid identification of cell type in future work, and suggest distinct responsiveness of different supraspinal populations to external growth and guidance cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Beine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - Zimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Murray G Blackmore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
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Liao H, Zou Z, Liu W, Guo X, Xie J, Li L, Li X, Gan X, Huang X, Liu J, Li W, Zeng H, Chen Z, Jiang Q, Yao H. Osteopontin-integrin signaling positively regulates neuroplasticity through enhancing neural autophagy in the peri-infarct area after ischemic stroke. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:7726-7743. [PMID: 36505285 PMCID: PMC9730111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Osteopontin (OPN) in mediating macroautophagy, autophagy, and neuroplasticity in the ipsilateral hemisphere after stroke. METHODS Focal stroke was induced by photothrombosis in adult mice. Spatiotemporal expression of endogenous OPN and BECN1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Motor function was determined by the grid-walking and cylinder tasks. We also evaluated markers of neuroplasticity and autophagy using biochemical and histology analyses. RESULTS Herein, we showed that endogenous OPN and beclin1 were increased in the peri-infarct area of stroked patients and mice. Intracerebral administration of OPN (0.1 mg/ml; 3 ml) significantly improved performance in motor behavioral tasks compared with non-OPN-treated stroke mice. Furthermore, the neural repair was induced in OPN-treated stroke mice. We found that OPN treatment resulted in a significantly higher density of a presynaptic marker (vesicular glutamate transporter 1, VgluT1) and synaptic plasticity marker (synaptophysin, SYN) within the peri-infarct region. OPN treatment in stroke mice not only increased protein levels of integrin β1 but also promoted the expression of beclin1 and LC3, two autophagy-related proteins in the peri-infarct area. Additionally, OPN-induced neuroplasticity and autophagy were blocked by an integrin antagonist. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that OPN may enhance neuroplasticity via autophagy, providing a new therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikang Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang LaboratoryWenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Neurology and Chemistry Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiqin Liu
- The Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinlu Xie
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central HospitalHuzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangxian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinying Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiansheng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Juxia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongji Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China,School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central HospitalHuzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuhua Jiang
- The Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
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44
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Restoring After Central Nervous System Injuries: Neural Mechanisms and Translational Applications of Motor Recovery. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1569-1587. [DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are leading causes of long-term disability. It is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral injury are unable to use the denervated limb. Previous studies have focused on neuroprotective interventions in the affected hemisphere to limit brain lesions and neurorepair measures to promote recovery. However, the ability to increase plasticity in the injured brain is restricted and difficult to improve. Therefore, over several decades, researchers have been prompted to enhance the compensation by the unaffected hemisphere. Animal experiments have revealed that regrowth of ipsilateral descending fibers from the unaffected hemisphere to denervated motor neurons plays a significant role in the restoration of motor function. In addition, several clinical treatments have been designed to restore ipsilateral motor control, including brain stimulation, nerve transfer surgery, and brain–computer interface systems. Here, we comprehensively review the neural mechanisms as well as translational applications of ipsilateral motor control upon rehabilitation after CNS injuries.
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45
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Matson KJE, Russ DE, Kathe C, Hua I, Maric D, Ding Y, Krynitsky J, Pursley R, Sathyamurthy A, Squair JW, Levi BP, Courtine G, Levine AJ. Single cell atlas of spinal cord injury in mice reveals a pro-regenerative signature in spinocerebellar neurons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5628. [PMID: 36163250 PMCID: PMC9513082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury, tissue distal to the lesion contains undamaged cells that could support or augment recovery. Targeting these cells requires a clearer understanding of their injury responses and capacity for repair. Here, we use single nucleus RNA sequencing to profile how each cell type in the lumbar spinal cord changes after a thoracic injury in mice. We present an atlas of these dynamic responses across dozens of cell types in the acute, subacute, and chronically injured spinal cord. Using this resource, we find rare spinal neurons that express a signature of regeneration in response to injury, including a major population that represent spinocerebellar projection neurons. We characterize these cells anatomically and observed axonal sparing, outgrowth, and remodeling in the spinal cord and cerebellum. Together, this work provides a key resource for studying cellular responses to injury and uncovers the spontaneous plasticity of spinocerebellar neurons, uncovering a potential candidate for targeted therapy. Matson et al. performed single nucleus sequencing of the “spared” spinal cord tissue distal to an injury in mice. They found that spinocerebellar neurons expressed a pro-regenerative gene signature and showed axon outgrowth after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya J E Matson
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel E Russ
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Data Science Research Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kathe
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,NeuroRestore, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Hua
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan Krynitsky
- Signal Processing and Instrumentation Section, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Randall Pursley
- Signal Processing and Instrumentation Section, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anupama Sathyamurthy
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jordan W Squair
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,NeuroRestore, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Boaz P Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,NeuroRestore, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ariel J Levine
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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46
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Hemati-Gourabi M, Cao T, Romprey MK, Chen M. Capacity of astrocytes to promote axon growth in the injured mammalian central nervous system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:955598. [PMID: 36203815 PMCID: PMC9530187 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.955598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of axon growth after injury to the adult central nervous system (CNS) is crucial to improve neural repair. Following acute focal CNS injury, astrocytes are one cellular component of the scar tissue at the primary lesion that is traditionally associated with inhibition of axon regeneration. Advances in genetic models and experimental approaches have broadened knowledge of the capacity of astrocytes to facilitate injury-induced axon growth. This review summarizes findings that support a positive role of astrocytes in axon regeneration and axon sprouting in the mature mammalian CNS, along with potential underlying mechanisms. It is important to recognize that astrocytic functions, including modulation of axon growth, are context-dependent. Evidence suggests that the local injury environment, neuron-intrinsic regenerative potential, and astrocytes’ reactive states determine the astrocytic capacity to support axon growth. An integrated understanding of these factors will optimize therapeutic potential of astrocyte-targeted strategies for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Megan K. Romprey
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Meifan Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Meifan Chen,
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47
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Chen M, Ingle L, Plautz EJ, Kong X, Tang R, Ghosh N, Romprey MK, Fenske WK, Goldberg MP. LZK-dependent stimulation of astrocyte reactivity promotes corticospinal axon sprouting. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:969261. [PMID: 36187291 PMCID: PMC9520579 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.969261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the adult mammalian central nervous system induces compensatory plasticity of spared axons-referred to as collateral axon sprouting-that can facilitate neural recovery. The contribution of reactive astrocytes to axon sprouting remains elusive. Here, we sought to investigate the role of axon degeneration-reactive astrocytes in the regulation of collateral axon sprouting that occurs in the mouse spinal cord after unilateral photothrombotic stroke of the primary motor cortex. We identified astrocytic leucine zipper-bearing kinase (LZK) as a positive regulator of astrocyte reactivity to corticospinal axon degeneration. Remarkably, genetic stimulation of astrocyte reactivity, via LZK overexpression in adult astrocytes, enhanced corticospinal axon sprouting. LZK promoted the production of astrocyte-derived ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) that likely enhanced axon growth in mice with astrocytic LZK overexpression after injury. Our finding that LZK-dependent stimulation of astrocyte reactivity promotes corticospinal axon sprouting highlights the potential of engineering astrocytes to support injury-induced axon plasticity for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifan Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Laura Ingle
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Erik J. Plautz
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Neil Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Megan K. Romprey
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - William K. Fenske
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mark P. Goldberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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48
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Gao Z, Pang Z, Lei G, Chen Y, Cai Z, Zhu S, Lin W, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Shen Y, Xu W. Crossing nerve transfer drives sensory input-dependent plasticity for motor recovery after brain injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5899. [PMID: 36044580 PMCID: PMC9432844 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Restoring limb movements after central nervous system injury remains a substantial challenge. Recent studies proved that crossing nerve transfer surgery could rebuild physiological connectivity between the contralesional cortex and the paralyzed arm to compensate for the lost function after brain injury. However, the neural mechanism by which this surgery mediates motor recovery remains still unclear. Here, using a clinical mouse model, we showed that this surgery can restore skilled forelimb function in adult mice with unilateral cortical lesion by inducing cortical remapping and promoting corticospinal tract sprouting. After reestablishing the ipsilateral descending pathway, resecting of the artificially rebuilt peripheral nerve did not affect motor improvements. Furthermore, retaining the sensory afferent, but not the motor efferent, of the transferred nerve was sufficient for inducing brain remapping and facilitating motor restoration. Thus, our results demonstrate that surgically rebuilt sensory input triggers neural plasticity for accelerating motor recovery, which provides an approach for treating central nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrun Gao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Pang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaowei Lei
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weishan Lin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundong Shen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing‘an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing‘an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226000 Nantong, China
- Research Unit of Synergistic Reconstruction of Upper and Lower Limbs After Brain Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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49
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Huang Y, Ren H, Gao X, Cai D, Shan H, Bai J, Sheng L, Jin Y, Zhou X. Amlodipine Improves Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Inhibiting Motoneuronal Apoptosis Through Autophagy Upregulation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022; 47:E570-E578. [PMID: 34923548 PMCID: PMC9365253 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The effect of amlodipine (AM) on spinal cord injury (SCI) and autophagy was researched by establishing ventral spinal cord cells (VSC4.1) oxygen and glucose deprivation model and SCI mice model. OBJECTIVE To determine the neuroprotective effects of AM by upregulating autophagy during SCI repair. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA AM, an antihypertensive medication, has been shown in several studies to inhibit neuronal apoptosis and exert neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system diseases. However, its effects on SCI are unexplored. Autophagy could inhibit cell apoptosis, which has been shown to promote SCI repair. However, the role of AM in autophagy remains unclear. METHODS We examined the relationship between AM, apoptosis, and autophagy in ventral spinal cord cells and the injured spinal cords of C57BL/6 female mice respectively, following histological, behavioral, microscopic, immunofluorescence, and western blotting analyses. RESULTS We found that AM could inhibit motor neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, AM promoted locomotor recovery by upregulating autophagy and alleviating apoptosis, neuronal loss, and spinal cord damage after SCI. CONCLUSION AM inhibited motoneuronal apoptosis by upregulating autophagy to improve SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang
| | - Hao Ren
- Shenzhen ChanGene Biomedicine Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
| | | | - Huajian Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Jinyu Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Yong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
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50
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Noristani HN. Intrinsic regulation of axon regeneration after spinal cord injury: Recent advances and remaining challenges. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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