1
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Wu MW, Kourdougli N, Portera-Cailliau C. Network state transitions during cortical development. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:535-552. [PMID: 38783147 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cortical networks are active before synaptogenesis begins in earnest, before neuronal migration is complete, and well before an animal opens its eyes and begins to actively explore its surroundings. This early activity undergoes several transformations during development. The most important of these is a transition from episodic synchronous network events, which are necessary for patterning the neocortex into functionally related modules, to desynchronized activity that is computationally more powerful and efficient. Network desynchronization is perhaps the most dramatic and abrupt developmental event in an otherwise slow and gradual process of brain maturation. In this Review, we summarize what is known about the phenomenology of developmental synchronous activity in the rodent neocortex and speculate on the mechanisms that drive its eventual desynchronization. We argue that desynchronization of network activity is a fundamental step through which the cortex transitions from passive, bottom-up detection of sensory stimuli to active sensory processing with top-down modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Wu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nazim Kourdougli
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Portera-Cailliau
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Iannone AF, Akgül G, Zhang R, Wacks S, Hussein N, Macias CG, Donatelle A, Bauriedel JMJ, Wright C, Abramov D, Johnson MA, Govek EE, Burré J, Milner TA, De Marco García NV. The chemokine Cxcl14 regulates interneuron differentiation in layer I of the somatosensory cortex. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114531. [PMID: 39058591 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity sculpts developing circuits. Yet, how these activity patterns intersect with cellular programs regulating the differentiation of neuronal subtypes is not well understood. Through electrophysiological and in vivo longitudinal analyses, we show that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (Cxcl14), a gene previously characterized for its association with tumor invasion, is expressed by single-bouquet cells (SBCs) in layer I (LI) of the somatosensory cortex during development. Sensory deprivation at neonatal stages markedly decreases Cxcl14 expression. Additionally, we report that loss of function of this gene leads to increased intrinsic excitability of SBCs-but not LI neurogliaform cells-and augments neuronal complexity. Furthermore, Cxcl14 loss impairs sensory map formation and compromises the in vivo recruitment of superficial interneurons by sensory inputs. These results indicate that Cxcl14 is required for LI differentiation and demonstrate the emergent role of chemokines as key players in cortical network development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Iannone
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gülcan Akgül
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robin Zhang
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sam Wacks
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nisma Hussein
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Carmen Ginelly Macias
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Donatelle
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Julia M J Bauriedel
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Cora Wright
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Debra Abramov
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA; Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Megan A Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Burré
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Natalia V De Marco García
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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3
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Nwabudike I, Che A. Early-life maturation of the somatosensory cortex: sensory experience and beyond. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1430783. [PMID: 39040685 PMCID: PMC11260818 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1430783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life experiences shape physical and behavioral outcomes throughout lifetime. Sensory circuits are especially susceptible to environmental and physiological changes during development. However, the impact of different types of early life experience are often evaluated in isolation. In this mini review, we discuss the specific effects of postnatal sensory experience, sleep, social isolation, and substance exposure on barrel cortex development. Considering these concurrent factors will improve understanding of the etiology of atypical sensory perception in many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Nwabudike
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alicia Che
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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4
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Mòdol L, Moissidis M, Selten M, Oozeer F, Marín O. Somatostatin interneurons control the timing of developmental desynchronization in cortical networks. Neuron 2024; 112:2015-2030.e5. [PMID: 38599213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Synchronous neuronal activity is a hallmark of the developing brain. In the mouse cerebral cortex, activity decorrelates during the second week of postnatal development, progressively acquiring the characteristic sparse pattern underlying the integration of sensory information. The maturation of inhibition seems critical for this process, but the interneurons involved in this crucial transition of network activity in the developing cortex remain unknown. Using in vivo longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging during the period that precedes the change from highly synchronous to decorrelated activity, we identify somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons as critical modulators of this switch in mice. Modulation of the activity of SST+ cells accelerates or delays the decorrelation of cortical network activity, a process that involves regulating the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. SST+ cells critically link sensory inputs with local circuits, controlling the neural dynamics in the developing cortex while modulating the integration of other interneurons into nascent cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mòdol
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Monika Moissidis
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martijn Selten
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fazal Oozeer
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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5
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Prince GS, Reynolds M, Martina V, Sun H. Gene-environmental regulation of the postnatal post-mitotic neuronal maturation. Trends Genet 2024; 40:480-494. [PMID: 38658255 PMCID: PMC11153025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic neurodevelopment, particularly neural progenitor differentiation into post-mitotic neurons, has been extensively studied. While the number and composition of post-mitotic neurons remain relatively constant from birth to adulthood, the brain undergoes significant postnatal maturation marked by major property changes frequently disrupted in neural diseases. This review first summarizes recent characterizations of the functional and molecular maturation of the postnatal nervous system. We then review regulatory mechanisms controlling the precise gene expression changes crucial for the intricate sequence of maturation events, highlighting experience-dependent versus cell-intrinsic genetic timer mechanisms. Despite significant advances in understanding of the gene-environmental regulation of postnatal neuronal maturation, many aspects remain unknown. The review concludes with our perspective on exciting future research directions in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle S Prince
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Molly Reynolds
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Verdion Martina
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - HaoSheng Sun
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Freeman Hrabowski Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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6
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Hamad MIK, Rabaya O, Jbara A, Daoud S, Petrova P, Ali BR, Allouh MZ, Herz J, Förster E. Reelin Regulates Developmental Desynchronization Transition of Neocortical Network Activity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:593. [PMID: 38786001 PMCID: PMC11118507 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the first and second stages of postnatal development, neocortical neurons exhibit a wide range of spontaneous synchronous activity (SSA). Towards the end of the second postnatal week, the SSA is replaced by a more sparse and desynchronized firing pattern. The developmental desynchronization of neocortical spontaneous neuronal activity is thought to be intrinsically generated, since sensory deprivation from the periphery does not affect the time course of this transition. The extracellular protein reelin controls various aspects of neuronal development through multimodular signaling. However, so far it is unclear whether reelin contributes to the developmental desynchronization transition of neocortical neurons. The present study aims to investigate the role of reelin in postnatal cortical developmental desynchronization using a conditional reelin knockout (RelncKO) mouse model. Conditional reelin deficiency was induced during early postnatal development, and Ca2+ recordings were conducted from organotypic cultures (OTCs) of the somatosensory cortex. Our results show that both wild type (wt) and RelncKO exhibited an SSA pattern during the early postnatal week. However, at the end of the second postnatal week, wt OTCs underwent a transition to a desynchronized network activity pattern, while RelncKO activity remained synchronous. This changing activity pattern suggests that reelin is involved in regulating the developmental desynchronization of cortical neuronal network activity. Moreover, the developmental desynchronization impairment observed in RelncKO was rescued when RelncKO OTCs were co-cultured with wt OTCs. Finally, we show that the developmental transition to a desynchronized state at the end of the second postnatal week is not dependent on glutamatergic signaling. Instead, the transition is dependent on GABAAR and GABABR signaling. The results suggest that reelin controls developmental desynchronization through GABAAR and GABABR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I K Hamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Obada Rabaya
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdalrahim Jbara
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Solieman Daoud
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Petya Petrova
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 5323, USA
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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7
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Burbridge TJ, Ratliff JM, Dwivedi D, Vrudhula U, Alvarado-Huerta F, Sjulson L, Ibrahim LA, Cheadle L, Fishell G, Batista-Brito R. Disruption of Cholinergic Retinal Waves Alters Visual Cortex Development and Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588143. [PMID: 38644996 PMCID: PMC11030223 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Retinal waves represent an early form of patterned spontaneous neural activity in the visual system. These waves originate in the retina before eye-opening and propagate throughout the visual system, influencing the assembly and maturation of subcortical visual brain regions. However, because it is technically challenging to ablate retina-derived cortical waves without inducing compensatory activity, the role these waves play in the development of the visual cortex remains unclear. To address this question, we used targeted conditional genetics to disrupt cholinergic retinal waves and their propagation to select regions of primary visual cortex, which largely prevented compensatory patterned activity. We find that loss of cholinergic retinal waves without compensation impaired the molecular and synaptic maturation of excitatory neurons located in the input layers of visual cortex, as well as layer 1 interneurons. These perinatal molecular and synaptic deficits also relate to functional changes observed at later ages. We find that the loss of perinatal cholinergic retinal waves causes abnormal visual cortex retinotopy, mirroring changes in the retinotopic organization of gene expression, and additionally impairs the processing of visual information. We further show that retinal waves are necessary for higher order processing of sensory information by impacting the state-dependent activity of layer 1 interneurons, a neuronal type that shapes neocortical state-modulation, as well as for state-dependent gain modulation of visual responses of excitatory neurons. Together, these results demonstrate that a brief targeted perinatal disruption of patterned spontaneous activity alters early cortical gene expression as well as synaptic and physiological development, and compromises both fundamental and, notably, higher-order functions of visual cortex after eye-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Burbridge
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jacob M Ratliff
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Deepanjali Dwivedi
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Uma Vrudhula
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | | | - Lucas Sjulson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Leena Ali Ibrahim
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955–6900, KSA
| | - Lucas Cheadle
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Renata Batista-Brito
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Genetics, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
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8
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Di Berardino C, Mainardi M, Brusco S, Benvenuto E, Broccoli V, Colasante G. Temporal manipulation of the Scn1a gene reveals its essential role in adult brain function. Brain 2024; 147:1216-1230. [PMID: 37812819 PMCID: PMC10994529 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by drug-resistant epilepsy, severe cognitive and behavioural deficits, with increased risk of sudden unexpected death (SUDEP). It is caused by haploinsufficiency of SCN1A gene encoding for the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. Therapeutic approaches aiming to upregulate the healthy copy of SCN1A gene to restore its normal expression levels are being developed. However, whether Scn1a gene function is required only during a specific developmental time-window or, alternatively, if its physiological expression is necessary in adulthood is untested up to now. We induced Scn1a gene haploinsufficiency at two ages spanning postnatal brain development (P30 and P60) and compared the phenotypes of those mice to Scn1a perinatally induced mice (P2), recapitulating all deficits of Dravet mice. Induction of heterozygous Nav1.1 mutation at P30 and P60 elicited susceptibility to the development of both spontaneous and hyperthermia-induced seizures and SUDEP rates comparable to P2-induced mice, with symptom onset accompanied by the characteristic GABAergic interneuron dysfunction. Finally, delayed Scn1a haploinsufficiency induction provoked hyperactivity, anxiety and social attitude impairment at levels comparable to age matched P2-induced mice, while it was associated with a better cognitive performance, with P60-induced mice behaving like the control group. Our data show that maintenance of physiological levels of Nav1.1 during brain development is not sufficient to prevent Dravet symptoms and that long-lasting restoration of Scn1a gene expression would be required to grant optimal clinical benefit in patients with Dravet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Berardino
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Mainardi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Brusco
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Benvenuto
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Gene and Cell Therapy PhD Program, Vita- Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Colasante
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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9
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Huang S, Wu SJ, Sansone G, Ibrahim LA, Fishell G. Layer 1 neocortex: Gating and integrating multidimensional signals. Neuron 2024; 112:184-200. [PMID: 37913772 PMCID: PMC11180419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Layer 1 (L1) of the neocortex acts as a nexus for the collection and processing of widespread information. By integrating ascending inputs with extensive top-down activity, this layer likely provides critical information regulating how the perception of sensory inputs is reconciled with expectation. This is accomplished by sorting, directing, and integrating the complex network of excitatory inputs that converge onto L1. These signals are combined with neuromodulatory afferents and gated by the wealth of inhibitory interneurons that either are embedded within L1 or send axons from other cortical layers. Together, these interactions dynamically calibrate information flow throughout the neocortex. This review will primarily focus on L1 within the primary sensory cortex and will use these insights to understand L1 in other cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sherry Jingjing Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Giulia Sansone
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Ali Ibrahim
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gord Fishell
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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10
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Gheres KW, Ünsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:738. [PMID: 37460780 PMCID: PMC10352318 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drive vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Gheres
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hayreddin S Ünsal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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11
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Shi Y, Cui H, Li X, Chen L, Zhang C, Zhao X, Li X, Shao Q, Sun Q, Yan K, Wang G. Laminar and dorsoventral organization of layer 1 interneuronal microcircuitry in superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112782. [PMID: 37436894 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Layer 1 (L1) interneurons (INs) participate in various brain functions by gating information flow in the neocortex, but their role in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is still unknown, largely due to scant knowledge of MEC L1 microcircuitry. Using simultaneous triple-octuple whole-cell recordings and morphological reconstructions, we comprehensively depict L1IN networks in the MEC. We identify three morphologically distinct types of L1INs with characteristic electrophysiological properties. We dissect intra- and inter-laminar cell-type-specific microcircuits of L1INs, showing connectivity patterns different from those in the neocortex. Remarkably, motif analysis reveals transitive and clustered features of L1 networks, as well as over-represented trans-laminar motifs. Finally, we demonstrate the dorsoventral gradient of L1IN microcircuits, with dorsal L1 neurogliaform cells receiving fewer intra-laminar inputs but exerting more inhibition on L2 principal neurons. These results thus present a more comprehensive picture of L1IN microcircuitry, which is indispensable for deciphering the function of L1INs in the MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Shi
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hui Cui
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ligu Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinran Zhao
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaowan Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiming Shao
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kaiyue Yan
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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12
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Hou B, Santaniello S, Tzingounis AV. KCNQ2 channels regulate the population activity of neonatal GABAergic neurons ex vivo. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1207539. [PMID: 37409016 PMCID: PMC10318362 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1207539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade KCNQ2 channels have arisen as fundamental and indispensable regulators of neonatal brain excitability, with KCNQ2 loss-of-function pathogenic variants being increasingly identified in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. However, the mechanisms by which KCNQ2 loss-of-function variants lead to network dysfunction are not fully known. An important remaining knowledge gap is whether loss of KCNQ2 function alters GABAergic interneuron activity early in development. To address this question, we applied mesoscale calcium imaging ex vivo in postnatal day 4-7 mice lacking KCNQ2 channels in interneurons (Vgat-ires-cre;Kcnq2f/f;GCamp5). In the presence of elevated extracellular potassium concentrations, ablation of KCNQ2 channels from GABAergic cells increased the interneuron population activity in the hippocampal formation and regions of the neocortex. We found that this increased population activity depends on fast synaptic transmission, with excitatory transmission promoting the activity and GABAergic transmission curtailing it. Together, our data show that loss of function of KCNQ2 channels from interneurons increases the network excitability of the immature GABAergic circuits, revealing a new function of KCNQ2 channels in interneuron physiology in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Sabato Santaniello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and CT Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Anastasios V. Tzingounis
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and CT Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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13
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Leprince E, Dard RF, Mortet S, Filippi C, Giorgi-Kurz M, Bourboulou R, Lenck-Santini PP, Picardo MA, Bocchio M, Baude A, Cossart R. Extrinsic control of the early postnatal CA1 hippocampal circuits. Neuron 2023; 111:888-902.e8. [PMID: 36608692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The adult CA1 region of the hippocampus produces coordinated neuronal dynamics with minimal reliance on its extrinsic inputs. By contrast, neonatal CA1 is tightly linked to externally generated sensorimotor activity, but the circuit mechanisms underlying early synchronous activity in CA1 remain unclear. Here, using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo circuit mapping, calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recordings in mouse pups, we show that early dynamics in the ventro-intermediate CA1 are under the mixed influence of entorhinal (EC) and thalamic (VMT) inputs. Both VMT and EC can drive internally generated synchronous events ex vivo. However, movement-related population bursts detected in vivo are exclusively driven by the EC. These differential effects on synchrony reflect the different intrahippocampal targets of these inputs. Hence, cortical and subcortical pathways act differently on the neonatal CA1, implying distinct contributions to the development of the hippocampal microcircuit and related cognitive maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Leprince
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Robin F Dard
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Salomé Mortet
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Filippi
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Giorgi-Kurz
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Bourboulou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michel A Picardo
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marco Bocchio
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Agnès Baude
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Rosa Cossart
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED (UMR1249), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France.
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14
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Gheres KW, Ãœnsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.18.529057. [PMID: 36824895 PMCID: PMC9949139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drives vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes. Significance Statement In the adult brain, increases in neural activity are often followed by vasodilation, allowing activity to be monitored using optical or magnetic resonance imaging. However, in neonates, sensory stimulation can drive vasoconstriction, whose origin was not understood. We used optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches to investigate hemodynamics in neonatal mice. We found that sensory-induced vasoconstriction occurred when the mice were asleep, as sleep is associated with dilation of the vasculature of the brain relative to the awake state. The stimulus awakens the mice, causing a constriction due to the arousal state change. Our study shows the importance of monitoring arousal state, particularly when investigating subjects that may sleep, and the dominance arousal effects on brain hemodynamics.
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15
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Huerga-Gómez I, Martini FJ, López-Bendito G. Building thalamic neuronal networks during mouse development. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1098913. [PMID: 36817644 PMCID: PMC9936079 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1098913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamic nuclear complex contains excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory local neurons, the two cell types driving the main circuits in sensory nuclei. While excitatory neurons are born from progenitors that reside in the proliferative zone of the developing thalamus, inhibitory local neurons are born outside the thalamus and they migrate there during development. In addition to these cell types, which occupy most of the thalamus, there are two small thalamic regions where inhibitory neurons target extra-thalamic regions rather than neighboring neurons, the intergeniculate leaflet and the parahabenular nucleus. Like excitatory thalamic neurons, these inhibitory neurons are derived from progenitors residing in the developing thalamus. The assembly of these circuits follows fine-tuned genetic programs and it is coordinated by extrinsic factors that help the cells find their location, associate with thalamic partners, and establish connections with their corresponding extra-thalamic inputs and outputs. In this review, we bring together what is currently known about the development of the excitatory and inhibitory components of the thalamocortical sensory system, in particular focusing on the visual pathway and thalamic interneurons in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Huerga-Gómez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
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16
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Glanz R, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Cortical Representation of Movement Across the Developmental Transition to Continuous Neural Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.22.525085. [PMID: 36711887 PMCID: PMC9882351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.22.525085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary motor cortex (M1) exhibits a protracted period of development that includes the establishment of a somatosensory map long before motor outflow emerges. In rats, the sensory representation is established by postnatal day (P) 8 when cortical activity is still "discontinuous." Here, we ask how the representation survives the sudden transition to noisy "continuous" activity at P12. Using neural decoding to predict forelimb movements based solely on M1 activity, we show that a linear decoder is sufficient to predict limb movements at P8, but not at P12; in contrast, a nonlinear decoder effectively predicts limb movements at P12. The change in decoder performance at P12 reflects an increase in both the complexity and uniqueness of kinematic information available in M1. We next show that the representation at P12 is more susceptible to the deleterious effects of "lesioning" inputs and to "transplanting" M1's encoding scheme from one pup to another. We conclude that the emergence of continuous cortical activity signals the developmental onset in M1 of more complex, informationally sparse, and individualized sensory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Glanz
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Mark S. Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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17
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Babij R, Ferrer C, Donatelle A, Wacks S, Buch AM, Niemeyer JE, Ma H, Duan ZRS, Fetcho RN, Che A, Otsuka T, Schwartz TH, Huang BS, Liston C, De Marco García NV. Gabrb3 is required for the functional integration of pyramidal neuron subtypes in the somatosensory cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:256-274.e10. [PMID: 36446382 PMCID: PMC9852093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic circuits is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, it is unclear how genetic predispositions impact circuit assembly. Using in vivo two-photon and widefield calcium imaging in developing mice, we show that Gabrb3, a gene strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Angelman syndrome (AS), is enriched in contralaterally projecting pyramidal neurons and is required for inhibitory function. We report that Gabrb3 ablation leads to a developmental decrease in GABAergic synapses, increased local network synchrony, and long-lasting enhancement in functional connectivity of contralateral-but not ipsilateral-pyramidal neuron subtypes. In addition, Gabrb3 deletion leads to increased cortical response to tactile stimulation at neonatal stages. Using human transcriptomics and neuroimaging datasets from ASD subjects, we show that the spatial distribution of GABRB3 expression correlates with atypical connectivity in these subjects. Our studies reveal a requirement for Gabrb3 during the emergence of interhemispheric circuits for sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Babij
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Camilo Ferrer
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Donatelle
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sam Wacks
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amanda M Buch
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - James E Niemeyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hongtao Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhe Ran S Duan
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert N Fetcho
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alicia Che
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Takumi Otsuka
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ben S Huang
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Natalia V De Marco García
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Lead Contact,Correspondence to
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18
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Kersbergen CJ, Babola TA, Rock J, Bergles DE. Developmental spontaneous activity promotes formation of sensory domains, frequency tuning and proper gain in central auditory circuits. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111649. [PMID: 36384119 PMCID: PMC9730452 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons that process sensory information exhibit bursts of electrical activity during development, providing early training to circuits that will later encode similar features of the external world. In the mammalian auditory system, this intrinsically generated activity emerges from the cochlea prior to hearing onset, but its role in maturation of auditory circuitry remains poorly understood. We show that selective suppression of cochlear supporting cell spontaneous activity disrupts patterned burst firing of central auditory neurons without affecting cell survival or acoustic thresholds. However, neurons in the inferior colliculus of these mice exhibit enhanced acoustic sensitivity and broader frequency tuning, resulting in wider isofrequency laminae. Despite this enhanced neural responsiveness, total tone-responsive regions in the auditory cortex are substantially smaller. Thus, disruption of pre-hearing cochlear activity causes profound changes in neural encoding of sound, with important implications for restoration of hearing in individuals who experience reduced activity during this critical developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin J Kersbergen
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Travis A Babola
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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19
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Chini M, Pfeffer T, Hanganu-Opatz I. An increase of inhibition drives the developmental decorrelation of neural activity. eLife 2022; 11:78811. [PMID: 35975980 PMCID: PMC9448324 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout development, the brain transits from early highly synchronous activity patterns to a mature state with sparse and decorrelated neural activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. The developmental transition has important functional consequences, as the latter state is thought to allow for more efficient storage, retrieval, and processing of information. Here, we show that, in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), neural activity during the first two postnatal weeks decorrelates following specific spatial patterns. This process is accompanied by a concomitant tilting of excitation-inhibition (E-I) ratio toward inhibition. Using optogenetic manipulations and neural network modeling, we show that the two phenomena are mechanistically linked, and that a relative increase of inhibition drives the decorrelation of neural activity. Accordingly, in mice mimicking the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, subtle alterations in E-I ratio are associated with specific impairments in the correlational structure of spike trains. Finally, capitalizing on EEG data from newborn babies, we show that an analogous developmental transition takes place also in the human brain. Thus, changes in E-I ratio control the (de)correlation of neural activity and, by these means, its developmental imbalance might contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Chini
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeffer
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ileana Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Wong FK, Selten M, Rosés-Novella C, Sreenivasan V, Pallas-Bazarra N, Serafeimidou-Pouliou E, Hanusz-Godoy A, Oozeer F, Edwards R, Marín O. Serotonergic regulation of bipolar cell survival in the developing cerebral cortex. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111037. [PMID: 35793629 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One key factor underlying the functional balance of cortical networks is the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The mechanisms controlling the ultimate number of interneurons are beginning to be elucidated, but to what extent similar principles govern the survival of the large diversity of cortical inhibitory cells remains to be investigated. Here, we investigate the mechanisms regulating developmental cell death in neurogliaform cells, bipolar cells, and basket cells, the three main populations of interneurons originating from the caudal ganglionic eminence and the preoptic region. We found that all three subclasses of interneurons undergo activity-dependent programmed cell death. However, while neurogliaform cells and basket cells require glutamatergic transmission to survive, the final number of bipolar cells is instead modulated by serotonergic signaling. Together, our results demonstrate that input-specific modulation of neuronal activity controls the survival of cortical interneurons during the critical period of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Kuan Wong
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Martijn Selten
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Claudia Rosés-Novella
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Varun Sreenivasan
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Noemí Pallas-Bazarra
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eleni Serafeimidou-Pouliou
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alicia Hanusz-Godoy
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fazal Oozeer
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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21
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Chang JT, Fitzpatrick D. Development of visual response selectivity in cortical GABAergic interneurons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3791. [PMID: 35778379 PMCID: PMC9249896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual cortex of carnivores and primates displays a high degree of modular network organization characterized by local clustering and structured long-range correlations of activity and functional properties. Excitatory networks display modular organization before the onset of sensory experience, but the developmental timeline for modular networks of GABAergic interneurons remains under-explored. Using in vivo calcium imaging of the ferret visual cortex, we find evidence that before visual experience, interneurons display weak orientation tuning and widespread, correlated activity in response to visual stimuli. Robust modular organization and orientation tuning are evident with as little as one week of visual experience. Furthermore, we find that the maturation of orientation tuning requires visual experience, while the reduction in widespread, correlated network activity does not. Thus, the maturation of inhibitory cortical networks occurs in a delayed, parallel process relative to excitatory neurons. Excitatory neurons in the carnivore and primate visual cortex display orientation selectivity arranged in a modular fashion before the onset of visual experience, but the developmental timeline for visual response selectivity of inhibitory neurons is unknown. Using in vivo calcium imaging in ferret visual cortex, the authors show that experience-dependent emergence of orientation selectivity develops in a modular fashion for inhibitory interneurons over the first week of visual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Chang
- Department of Functional Architecture and Development of Cerebral Cortex, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - David Fitzpatrick
- Department of Functional Architecture and Development of Cerebral Cortex, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
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22
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Llorca A, Deogracias R. Origin, Development, and Synaptogenesis of Cortical Interneurons. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:929469. [PMID: 35833090 PMCID: PMC9272671 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.929469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cerebral cortex represents one of the most recent and astonishing inventions of nature, responsible of a large diversity of functions that range from sensory processing to high-order cognitive abilities, such as logical reasoning or language. Decades of dedicated study have contributed to our current understanding of this structure, both at structural and functional levels. A key feature of the neocortex is its outstanding richness in cell diversity, composed by multiple types of long-range projecting neurons and locally connecting interneurons. In this review, we will describe the great diversity of interneurons that constitute local neocortical circuits and summarize the mechanisms underlying their development and their assembly into functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Llorca
- Visual Neuroscience Laboratory, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburg, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Llorca
| | - Ruben Deogracias
- Neuronal Circuits Formation and Brain Disorders Laboratory, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Ruben Deogracias
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23
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Pumo GM, Kitazawa T, Rijli FM. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation of Spontaneous and Sensory Activity Dependent Programs During Neuronal Circuit Development. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:911023. [PMID: 35664458 PMCID: PMC9158562 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.911023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous activity generated before the onset of sensory transduction has a key role in wiring developing sensory circuits. From axonal targeting, to synapse formation and elimination, to the balanced integration of neurons into developing circuits, this type of activity is implicated in a variety of cellular processes. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms of action, especially at the level of genome regulation. Conversely, sensory experience-dependent activity implements well-characterized transcriptional and epigenetic chromatin programs that underlie heterogeneous but specific genomic responses that shape both postnatal circuit development and neuroplasticity in the adult. In this review, we focus on our knowledge of the developmental processes regulated by spontaneous activity and the underlying transcriptional mechanisms. We also review novel findings on how chromatin regulates the specificity and developmental induction of the experience-dependent program, and speculate their relevance for our understanding of how spontaneous activity may act at the genomic level to instruct circuit assembly and prepare developing neurons for sensory-dependent connectivity refinement and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele M. Pumo
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Epigenetics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Department Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Taro Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Epigenetics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Filippo M. Rijli
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Epigenetics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Department Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Quadros ARAA, Arazola RD, Álvarez AR, Pires J, Meredith RM, Saarloos I, Verhage M, Toonen RF. Neuronal F-Box protein FBXO41 regulates synaptic transmission and hippocampal network maturation. iScience 2022; 25:104069. [PMID: 35372812 PMCID: PMC8971942 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXO41 is a neuron-specific E3 ligase subunit implicated in epileptic encephalopathies. Fbxo41 null mutant (KO) mice show behavioral deficits and early lethality. Here, we report that loss of FBXO41 causes defects in synaptic transmission and brain development. Cultured Fbxo41 KO neurons had normal morphology and showed no signs of degeneration. Single-cell electrophysiology showed a lower synaptic vesicle release probability in excitatory neurons. Inhibitory neurons exhibited reduced synaptophysin expression, a smaller readily releasable pool, and decreased charge transfer during repetitive stimulation. In Fbxo41 KO hippocampal slices at postnatal day 6, the dentate gyrus was smaller with fewer radial-glial-like cells and immature neurons. In addition, neuronal migration was delayed. Two-photon calcium imaging showed a delayed increase in network activity and synchronicity. Together, our findings point toward a role for FBXO41 in synaptic transmission and postnatal brain development, before behavioral deficits are detected in Fbxo41 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R A A Quadros
- Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rocío Díez Arazola
- Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Romaguera Álvarez
- Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johny Pires
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Saarloos
- Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud F Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Genescu I, Aníbal-Martínez M, Kouskoff V, Chenouard N, Mailhes-Hamon C, Cartonnet H, Lokmane L, Rijli FM, López-Bendito G, Gambino F, Garel S. Dynamic interplay between thalamic activity and Cajal-Retzius cells regulates the wiring of cortical layer 1. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110667. [PMID: 35417707 PMCID: PMC9035679 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical wiring relies on guidepost cells and activity-dependent processes that are thought to act sequentially. Here, we show that the construction of layer 1 (L1), a main site of top-down integration, is regulated by crosstalk between transient Cajal-Retzius cells (CRc) and spontaneous activity of the thalamus, a main driver of bottom-up information. While activity was known to regulate CRc migration and elimination, we found that prenatal spontaneous thalamic activity and NMDA receptors selectively control CRc early density, without affecting their demise. CRc density, in turn, regulates the distribution of upper layer interneurons and excitatory synapses, thereby drastically impairing the apical dendrite activity of output pyramidal neurons. In contrast, postnatal sensory-evoked activity had a limited impact on L1 and selectively perturbed basal dendrites synaptogenesis. Collectively, our study highlights a remarkable interplay between thalamic activity and CRc in L1 functional wiring, with major implications for our understanding of cortical development. Prenatal thalamic waves of activity regulate CRc density in L1 Prenatal and postnatal CRc manipulations alter specific interneuron populations Postnatal CRc shape L5 apical dendrite structural and functional properties Early sensory activity selectively regulates L5 basal dendrite spine formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Genescu
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mar Aníbal-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurosciencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Vladimir Kouskoff
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Chenouard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Mailhes-Hamon
- Acute Transgenesis Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Cartonnet
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla Lokmane
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Gambino
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France; Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France.
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26
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Ferrer C, De Marco García NV. The Role of Inhibitory Interneurons in Circuit Assembly and Refinement Across Sensory Cortices. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:866999. [PMID: 35463203 PMCID: PMC9021723 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.866999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory information is transduced into electrical signals in the periphery by specialized sensory organs, which relay this information to the thalamus and subsequently to cortical primary sensory areas. In the cortex, microcircuits constituted by interconnected pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, distributed throughout the cortical column, form the basic processing units of sensory information underlying sensation. In the mouse, these circuits mature shortly after birth. In the first postnatal week cortical activity is characterized by highly synchronized spontaneous activity. While by the second postnatal week, spontaneous activity desynchronizes and sensory influx increases drastically upon eye opening, as well as with the onset of hearing and active whisking. This influx of sensory stimuli is fundamental for the maturation of functional properties and connectivity in neurons allocated to sensory cortices. In the subsequent developmental period, spanning the first five postnatal weeks, sensory circuits are malleable in response to sensory stimulation in the so-called critical periods. During these critical periods, which vary in timing and duration across sensory areas, perturbations in sensory experience can alter cortical connectivity, leading to long-lasting modifications in sensory processing. The recent advent of intersectional genetics, in vivo calcium imaging and single cell transcriptomics has aided the identification of circuit components in emergent networks. Multiple studies in recent years have sought a better understanding of how genetically-defined neuronal subtypes regulate circuit plasticity and maturation during development. In this review, we discuss the current literature focused on postnatal development and critical periods in the primary auditory (A1), visual (V1), and somatosensory (S1) cortices. We compare the developmental trajectory among the three sensory areas with a particular emphasis on interneuron function and the role of inhibitory circuits in cortical development and function.
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27
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Kirmse K, Zhang C. Principles of GABAergic signaling in developing cortical network dynamics. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110568. [PMID: 35354036 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic signaling provides inhibitory stabilization and spatiotemporally coordinates the firing of recurrently connected excitatory neurons in mature cortical circuits. Inhibition thus enables self-generated neuronal activity patterns that underlie various aspects of sensation and cognition. In this review, we aim to provide a conceptual framework describing how and when GABA-releasing interneurons acquire their network functions during development. Focusing on the developing visual neocortex and hippocampus in mice and rats in vivo, we hypothesize that at the onset of patterned activity, glutamatergic neurons are stable by themselves and inhibitory stabilization is not yet functional. We review important milestones in the development of GABAergic signaling and illustrate how the cell-type-specific strengthening of synaptic inhibition toward eye opening shapes cortical network dynamics and allows the developing cortex to progressively disengage from extra-cortical synaptic drive. We translate this framework to human cortical development and discuss clinical implications for the treatment of neonatal seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Kirmse
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Chuanqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Farroni T, Della Longa L, Valori I. The self-regulatory affective touch: a speculative framework for the development of executive functioning. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Ibrahim LA, Huang S, Fernandez-Otero M, Sherer M, Qiu Y, Vemuri S, Xu Q, Machold R, Pouchelon G, Rudy B, Fishell G. Bottom-up inputs are required for establishment of top-down connectivity onto cortical layer 1 neurogliaform cells. Neuron 2021; 109:3473-3485.e5. [PMID: 34478630 PMCID: PMC9316418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Higher-order projections to sensory cortical areas converge on layer 1 (L1), the primary site for integration of top-down information via the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and L1 GABAergic interneurons. Here we investigated the contribution of early thalamic inputs onto L1 interneurons for establishment of top-down connectivity in the primary visual cortex. We find that bottom-up thalamic inputs predominate during L1 development and preferentially target neurogliaform cells. We show that these projections are critical for the subsequent strengthening of top-down inputs from the anterior cingulate cortex onto L1 neurogliaform cells. Sensory deprivation or selective removal of thalamic afferents blocked this phenomenon. Although early activation of the anterior cingulate cortex resulted in premature strengthening of these top-down afferents, this was dependent on thalamic inputs. Our results demonstrate that proper establishment of top-down connectivity in the visual cortex depends critically on bottom-up inputs from the thalamus during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Ali Ibrahim
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shuhan Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marian Fernandez-Otero
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mia Sherer
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanjie Qiu
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Qing Xu
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Robert Machold
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabrielle Pouchelon
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo Rudy
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gord Fishell
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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30
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Ubina T, Vahedi-Hunter T, Agnew-Svoboda W, Wong W, Gupta A, Santhakumar V, Riccomagno MM. ExBoX - a simple Boolean exclusion strategy to drive expression in neurons. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272538. [PMID: 34515305 PMCID: PMC8572001 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of modern single-cell biology has revealed the striking molecular diversity of cell populations once thought to be more homogeneous. This newly appreciated complexity has made intersectional genetic approaches essential to understanding and probing cellular heterogeneity at the functional level. Here, we build on previous knowledge to develop a simple adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based approach to define specific subpopulations of cells by Boolean exclusion logic (AND NOT). This expression by Boolean exclusion (ExBoX) system encodes for a gene of interest that is turned on by a particular recombinase (Cre or FlpO) and turned off by another. ExBoX allows for the specific transcription of a gene of interest in cells expressing only the activating recombinase, but not in cells expressing both. We show the ability of the ExBoX system to tightly regulate expression of fluorescent reporters in vitro and in vivo, and further demonstrate the adaptability of the system by achieving expression of a variety of virally delivered coding sequences in the mouse brain. This simple strategy will expand the molecular toolkit available for cell- and time-specific gene expression in a variety of systems. Summary: The generation of a novel AAV-based intersectional approach to define and target specific subpopulations of cells in time and space via a Expression by Boolean Exclusion (ExBoX) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ubina
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Tyler Vahedi-Hunter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Will Agnew-Svoboda
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wenny Wong
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Akshay Gupta
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Martin M Riccomagno
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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31
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Tan L, Ringach DL, Zipursky SL, Trachtenberg JT. Vision is required for the formation of binocular neurons prior to the classical critical period. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4305-4313.e5. [PMID: 34411526 PMCID: PMC8511080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Depth perception emerges from the development of binocular neurons in primary visual cortex. Vision is required for these neurons to acquire their mature responses to visual stimuli. The prevailing view is that vision does not influence binocular circuitry until the onset of the critical period, about a week after eye opening, and that plasticity of visual responses is triggered by increased inhibition. Here, we show that vision is required to form binocular neurons and to improve binocular tuning and matching from eye opening until critical period closure. Enhancing inhibition does not accelerate this process. Vision soon after eye opening improves the tuning properties of binocular neurons by strengthening and sharpening ipsilateral eye cortical responses. This progressively changes the population of neurons in the binocular pool, and this plasticity is sensitive to interocular differences prior to critical period onset. Thus, vision establishes binocular circuitry and guides binocular plasticity from eye opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Dario L Ringach
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S Lawrence Zipursky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Joshua T Trachtenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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32
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Che A, De Marco García NV. An in vivo Calcium Imaging Approach for the Identification of Cell-Type Specific Patterns in the Developing Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:747724. [PMID: 34690708 PMCID: PMC8528153 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.747724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity profoundly shapes the maturation of developing neurons. However, technical limitations have hampered the ability to capture the progression of activity patterns in genetically defined neuronal populations. This task is particularly daunting given the substantial diversity of pyramidal cells and interneurons in the neocortex. A hallmark in the development of this neuronal diversity is the participation in network activity that regulates circuit assembly. Here, we describe detailed methodology on imaging neuronal cohorts longitudinally throughout postnatal stages in the mouse somatosensory cortex. To capture neuronal activity, we expressed the genetically encoded calcium sensor GCaMP6s in three distinct interneuron populations, the 5HT3aR-expressing layer 1 (L1) interneurons, SST interneurons, and VIP interneurons. We performed cranial window surgeries as early as postnatal day (P) 5 and imaged the same cohort of neurons in un-anesthetized mice from P6 to P36. This Longitudinal two-photon imaging preparation allows the activity of single neurons to be tracked throughout development as well as plasticity induced by sensory experience and learning, opening up avenues of research to answer fundamental questions in neural development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia V. De Marco García
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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33
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Mojtahedi N, Kovalchuk Y, Böttcher A, Garaschuk O. Stable behavioral state-specific large scale activity patterns in the developing cortex of neonates. Cell Calcium 2021; 98:102448. [PMID: 34375923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic neuronal activity is a hallmark of the developing brain. In rodents, a handful of such activities were described in different cortical areas but the unifying macroscopic perspective is still lacking. Here we combined large-scale in vivo Ca2+ imaging of the dorsal cortex in non-anesthetized neonatal mice with mathematical analyses to reveal unique behavioral state-specific maps of intrinsic activity. These maps were remarkably stable over time within and across experiments and used patches of correlated activity with little hemispheric symmetry as well as stationary and propagating waves as building blocks. Importantly, the maps recorded during motion and rest were almost inverse, with frontoparietal areas active during motion and posterior-lateral areas active at rest. The retrosplenial cortex engaged in both resting- and motion-related activities via functional long-range connections with respective cortical areas. The data obtained bind different region-specific activity patterns described so far into a single consistent picture and set the stage for future inactivation studies, probing the exact function of this complex activity pattern for cortical wiring in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mojtahedi
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Böttcher
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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34
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Ghezzi F, Marques-Smith A, Anastasiades PG, Lyngholm D, Vagnoni C, Rowett A, Parameswaran G, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Nakagawa Y, Molnar Z, Butt SJ. Non-canonical role for Lpar1-EGFP subplate neurons in early postnatal mouse somatosensory cortex. eLife 2021; 10:60810. [PMID: 34251335 PMCID: PMC8294844 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subplate neurons (SPNs) are thought to play a role in nascent sensory processing in neocortex. To better understand how heterogeneity within this population relates to emergent function, we investigated the synaptic connectivity of Lpar1-EGFP SPNs through the first postnatal week in whisker somatosensory cortex (S1BF). These SPNs comprise of two morphological subtypes: fusiform SPNs with local axons and pyramidal SPNs with axons that extend through the marginal zone. The former receive translaminar synaptic input up until the emergence of the whisker barrels, a timepoint coincident with significant cell death. In contrast, pyramidal SPNs receive local input from the subplate at early ages but then - during the later time window - acquire input from overlying cortex. Combined electrical and optogenetic activation of thalamic afferents identified that Lpar1-EGFP SPNs receive sparse thalamic innervation. These data reveal components of the postnatal network that interpret sparse thalamic input to direct the emergent columnar structure of S1BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ghezzi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Marques-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Anastasiades
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lyngholm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Vagnoni
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Rowett
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gokul Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yasushi Nakagawa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Zoltan Molnar
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Jb Butt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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35
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Leighton AH, Cheyne JE, Houwen GJ, Maldonado PP, De Winter F, Levelt CN, Lohmann C. Somatostatin interneurons restrict cell recruitment to retinally driven spontaneous activity in the developing cortex. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109316. [PMID: 34233176 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During early development, before the eyes open, synaptic refinement of sensory networks depends on activity generated by developing neurons themselves. In the mouse visual system, retinal cells spontaneously depolarize and recruit downstream neurons to bursts of activity, where the number of recruited cells determines the resolution of synaptic retinotopic refinement. Here we show that during the second post-natal week in mouse visual cortex, somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons control the recruitment of cells to retinally driven spontaneous activity. Suppressing SST interneurons increases cell participation and allows events to spread farther along the cortex. During the same developmental period, a second type of high-participation, retina-independent event occurs. During these events, cells receive such large excitatory charge that inhibition is overwhelmed and large parts of the cortex participate in each burst. These results reveal a role of SST interneurons in restricting retinally driven activity in the visual cortex, which may contribute to the refinement of retinotopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Leighton
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliette E Cheyne
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Houwen
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paloma P Maldonado
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fred De Winter
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan N Levelt
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Lohmann
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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36
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Tavosanis G. Dendrite enlightenment. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:222-230. [PMID: 34134010 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal dendrites acquire complex morphologies during development. These are not just the product of cell-intrinsic developmental programs; rather they are defined in close interaction with the cellular environment. Thus, to understand the molecular cascades that yield appropriate morphologies, it is essential to investigate them in vivo, in the actual complex tissue environment encountered by the differentiating neuron in the developing animal. Particularly, genetic approaches have pointed to factors controlling dendrite differentiation in vivo. These suggest that localized and transient molecular cascades might underlie the formation and stabilization of dendrite branches with neuron type-specific characteristics. Here, I highlight the need for studies of neuronal dendrite differentiation in the animal, the challenges provided by such an approach, and the promising pathways that have recently opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Tavosanis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, Bonn, 53127, Germany; LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 3, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
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Loss of KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 Leads to Multifocal Time-Varying Activity in the Neonatal Forebrain Ex Vivo. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0024-21.2021. [PMID: 33863780 PMCID: PMC8143017 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0024-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathies represent a group of disorders often characterized by refractory seizures, regression in cognitive development, and typically poor prognosis. Dysfunction of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels has emerged as a major cause of neonatal epilepsy. However, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that may both explain the origins of epilepsy and inform treatment strategies for KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 dysfunction is still lacking. Here, using mesoscale calcium imaging and pharmacology, we demonstrate that in mouse neonatal brain slices, conditional loss of Kcnq2 from forebrain excitatory neurons (Pyr:Kcnq2 mice) or constitutive deletion of Kcnq3 leads to sprawling hyperactivity across the neocortex. Surprisingly, the generation of time-varying hypersynchrony in slices from Pyr:Kcnq2 mice does not require fast synaptic transmission. This is in contrast to control littermates and constitutive Kcnq3 knock-out mice where activity is primarily driven by fast synaptic transmission in the neocortex. Unlike in the neocortex, hypersynchronous activity in the hippocampal formation from Kcnq2 conditional and Kcnq3 constitutive knock-out mice persists in the presence of synaptic transmission blockers. Thus, we propose that loss of KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 function differentially leads to network hyperactivity across the forebrain in a region-specific and macro-circuit-specific manner.
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38
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Iannone AF, De Marco García NV. The Emergence of Network Activity Patterns in the Somatosensory Cortex - An Early Window to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Neuroscience 2021; 466:298-309. [PMID: 33887384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Across mammalian species, patterned activity in neural populations is a prominent feature of developing sensory cortices. Numerous studies have long appreciated the diversity of these patterns, characterizing their differences in spatial and temporal dynamics. In the murine somatosensory cortex, neuronal co-activation is thought to guide the formation of sensory maps and prepare the cortex for sensory processing after birth. While pioneering studies deftly utilized slice electrophysiology and unit recordings to characterize correlated activity, a detailed understanding of the underlying circuits remains poorly understood. More recently, advances in in vivo calcium imaging in awake mouse pups and increasing genetic tractability of neuronal types have allowed unprecedented manipulation of circuit components at select developmental timepoints. These novel approaches have proven fundamental in uncovering the identity of neurons engaged in correlated activity during development. In particular, recent studies have highlighted interneurons as key in refining the spatial extent and temporal progression of patterned activity. Here, we discuss how emergent synchronous activity across the first postnatal weeks is shaped by underlying gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic contributors in the somatosensory cortex. Further, the importance of participation in specific activity patterns per se for neuronal maturation and perdurance will be of particular highlight in this survey of recent literature. Finally, we underscore how aberrant neuronal synchrony and disrupted inhibitory interneuron activity underlie sensory perturbations in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), emphasizing the importance of future investigative approaches that incorporate the spatiotemporal features of patterned activity alongside the cellular components to probe disordered circuit assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Iannone
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Natalia V De Marco García
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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A limited role of NKCC1 in telencephalic glutamatergic neurons for developing hippocampal network dynamics and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014784118. [PMID: 33782119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014784118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NKCC1 is the primary transporter mediating chloride uptake in immature principal neurons, but its role in the development of in vivo network dynamics and cognitive abilities remains unknown. Here, we address the function of NKCC1 in developing mice using electrophysiological, optical, and behavioral approaches. We report that NKCC1 deletion from telencephalic glutamatergic neurons decreases in vitro excitatory actions of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and impairs neuronal synchrony in neonatal hippocampal brain slices. In vivo, it has a minor impact on correlated spontaneous activity in the hippocampus and does not affect network activity in the intact visual cortex. Moreover, long-term effects of the developmental NKCC1 deletion on synaptic maturation, network dynamics, and behavioral performance are subtle. Our data reveal a neural network function of NKCC1 in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons in vivo, but challenge the hypothesis that NKCC1 is essential for major aspects of hippocampal development.
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40
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Hanganu-Opatz IL, Butt SJB, Hippenmeyer S, De Marco García NV, Cardin JA, Voytek B, Muotri AR. The Logic of Developing Neocortical Circuits in Health and Disease. J Neurosci 2021; 41:813-822. [PMID: 33431633 PMCID: PMC7880298 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1655-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory and cognitive abilities of the mammalian neocortex are underpinned by intricate columnar and laminar circuits formed from an array of diverse neuronal populations. One approach to determining how interactions between these circuit components give rise to complex behavior is to investigate the rules by which cortical circuits are formed and acquire functionality during development. This review summarizes recent research on the development of the neocortex, from genetic determination in neural stem cells through to the dynamic role that specific neuronal populations play in the earliest circuits of neocortex, and how they contribute to emergent function and cognition. While many of these endeavors take advantage of model systems, consideration will also be given to advances in our understanding of activity in nascent human circuits. Such cross-species perspective is imperative when investigating the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of early neocortical circuits in neurodevelopmental disorders, so that one can identify targets amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Simon J B Butt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Natalia V De Marco García
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Bradley Voytek
- University of California San Diego, Department of Cognitive Science, Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, Neurosciences Graduate Program, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California San Diego, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, La Jolla, California 92037
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41
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Maldonado PP, Nuno-Perez A, Kirchner JH, Hammock E, Gjorgjieva J, Lohmann C. Oxytocin Shapes Spontaneous Activity Patterns in the Developing Visual Cortex by Activating Somatostatin Interneurons. Curr Biol 2021; 31:322-333.e5. [PMID: 33157028 PMCID: PMC7846278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous network activity shapes emerging neuronal circuits during early brain development prior to sensory perception. However, how neuromodulation influences this activity is not fully understood. Here, we report that the neuromodulator oxytocin differentially shapes spontaneous activity patterns across sensory cortices. In vivo, oxytocin strongly decreased the frequency and pairwise correlations of spontaneous activity events in the primary visual cortex (V1), but it did not affect the frequency of spontaneous network events in the somatosensory cortex (S1). Patch-clamp recordings in slices and RNAscope showed that oxytocin affects S1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons similarly, whereas in V1, oxytocin targets only inhibitory neurons. Somatostatin-positive (SST+) interneurons expressed the oxytocin receptor and were activated by oxytocin in V1. Accordingly, pharmacogenetic silencing of V1 SST+ interneurons fully blocked oxytocin's effect on inhibition in vitro as well its effect on spontaneous activity patterns in vivo. Thus, oxytocin decreases the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio by recruiting SST+ interneurons and modulates specific features of V1 spontaneous activity patterns that are crucial for the wiring and refining of developing sensory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma P Maldonado
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alvaro Nuno-Perez
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan H Kirchner
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Computation in Neural Circuits, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth Hammock
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Department of Psychology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Computation in Neural Circuits, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Christian Lohmann
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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42
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Joy MT, Carmichael ST. Encouraging an excitable brain state: mechanisms of brain repair in stroke. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:38-53. [PMID: 33184469 PMCID: PMC10625167 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-00396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke induces a plastic state in the brain. This period of enhanced plasticity leads to the sprouting of new axons, the formation of new synapses and the remapping of sensory-motor functions, and is associated with motor recovery. This is a remarkable process in the adult brain, which is normally constrained in its levels of neuronal plasticity and connectional change. Recent evidence indicates that these changes are driven by molecular systems that underlie learning and memory, such as changes in cellular excitability during memory formation. This Review examines circuit changes after stroke, the shared mechanisms between memory formation and brain repair, the changes in neuronal excitability that underlie stroke recovery, and the molecular and pharmacological interventions that follow from these findings to promote motor recovery in animal models. From these findings, a framework emerges for understanding recovery after stroke, central to which is the concept of neuronal allocation to damaged circuits. The translation of the concepts discussed here to recovery in humans is underway in clinical trials for stroke recovery drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Joy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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43
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Chini M, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Prefrontal Cortex Development in Health and Disease: Lessons from Rodents and Humans. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:227-240. [PMID: 33246578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) takes center stage among unanswered questions in modern neuroscience. The PFC has a Janus-faced nature: it enables sophisticated cognitive and social abilities that reach their maximum expression in humans, yet it underlies some of the devastating symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, appropriate prefrontal development is crucial for many high-order cognitive abilities and dysregulation of this process has been linked to various neuropsychiatric diseases. Reviewing recent advances in the field, with a primary focus on rodents and humans, we highlight why, despite differences across species, a cross-species approach is a fruitful strategy for understanding prefrontal development. We briefly review the developmental contribution of molecules and extensively discuss how electrical activity controls the early maturation and wiring of prefrontal areas, as well as the emergence and refinement of input-output circuitry involved in cognitive processing. Finally, we highlight the mechanisms of developmental dysfunction and their relevance for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Chini
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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44
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Developmental divergence of sensory stimulus representation in cortical interneurons. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5729. [PMID: 33184269 PMCID: PMC7661508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasocative-intestinal-peptide (VIP+) and somatostatin (SST+) interneurons are involved in modulating barrel cortex activity and perception during active whisking. Here we identify a developmental transition point of structural and functional rearrangements onto these interneurons around the start of active sensation at P14. Using in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging, we find that before P14, both interneuron types respond stronger to a multi-whisker stimulus, whereas after P14 their responses diverge, with VIP+ cells losing their multi-whisker preference and SST+ neurons enhancing theirs. Additionally, we find that Ca2+ signaling dynamics increase in precision as the cells and network mature. Rabies virus tracings followed by tissue clearing, as well as photostimulation-coupled electrophysiology reveal that SST+ cells receive higher cross-barrel inputs compared to VIP+ neurons at both time points. In addition, whereas prior to P14 both cell types receive direct input from the sensory thalamus, after P14 VIP+ cells show reduced inputs and SST+ cells largely shift to motor-related thalamic nuclei. Sensory neuronal circuits adapt during maturation when animals start to actively interact with the external world. The authors reveal structural and functional rearrangements of the input cortical interneurons receive around the time the animals start active sensation.
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45
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Genescu I, Garel S. Being superficial: a developmental viewpoint on cortical layer 1 wiring. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:125-134. [PMID: 33186879 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functioning of the neocortex relies on a complex architecture of circuits, as illustrated by the causal link between neocortical excitation/inhibition imbalance and the etiology of several neurodevelopmental disorders. An important entry point to cortical circuits is located in the superficial layer 1 (L1), which contains mostly local and long-range inputs and sparse inhibitory interneurons that collectively regulate cerebral functions. While increasing evidence indicates that L1 has important physiological roles, our understanding of how it wires up during development remains limited. Here, we provide an integrated overview of L1 anatomy, function and development, with a focus on transient early born Cajal-Retzius neurons, and highlight open questions key for progressing our understanding of this essential yet understudied layer of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Genescu
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Collège de France, Paris, France.
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46
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Gesuita L, Karayannis T. A 'Marginal' tale: the development of the neocortical layer 1. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:37-47. [PMID: 33069991 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of neocortical layer 1 is a very dynamic process and the scene of multiple transient events, with Cajal-Retzius cell death being one of the most characteristic ones. Layer 1 is also the route of migration for a substantial number of GABAergic interneurons during embryogenesis and where some of which will ultimately remain in the adult. The two cell types, together with a diverse set of incoming axons and dendrites, create an early circuit that will dramatically change in structure and function in the adult cortex to give prominence to inhibition. Through the engagement of a diverse set of GABAergic inhibitory cells by bottom-up and top-down inputs, adult layer 1 becomes a powerful computational platform for the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gesuita
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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47
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Ibrahim LA, Schuman B, Bandler R, Rudy B, Fishell G. Mining the jewels of the cortex's crowning mystery. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 63:154-161. [PMID: 32480351 PMCID: PMC8075042 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neocortical Layer 1 consists of a dense mesh of excitatory and inhibitory axons, dendrites of pyramidal neurons, as well as neuromodulatory inputs from diverse brain regions. Layer 1 also consists of a sparse population of inhibitory interneurons, which are appropriately positioned to receive and integrate the information from these regions of the brain and modulate cortical processing. Despite being among the sparsest neuronal population in the cortex, Layer 1 interneurons perform powerful computations and have elaborate morphologies. Here we review recent studies characterizing their origin, morphology, physiology, and molecular profiles, as well as their connectivity and in vivo response properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena A Ibrahim
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ben Schuman
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rachel Bandler
- Stanley Center at the Broad, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bernardo Rudy
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Gord Fishell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center at the Broad, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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48
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D'Amour JA, Ekins T, Ganatra S, Yuan X, McBain CJ. Aberrant sorting of hippocampal complex pyramidal cells in type I lissencephaly alters topological innervation. eLife 2020; 9:55173. [PMID: 32558643 PMCID: PMC7340499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Layering has been a long-appreciated feature of higher order mammalian brain structures but the extent to which it plays an instructive role in synaptic specification remains unknown. Here we examine the formation of synaptic circuitry under cellular heterotopia in hippocampal CA1, using a mouse model of the human neurodevelopmental disorder Type I Lissencephaly. We identify calbindin-expressing principal cells which are mispositioned under cellular heterotopia. Ectopic calbindin-expressing principal cells develop relatively normal morphological features and stunted intrinsic physiological features. Regarding network development, a connectivity preference for cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons to target calbindin-expressing principal cells is diminished. Moreover, in vitro gamma oscillatory activity is less synchronous across heterotopic bands and mutants are less responsive to pharmacological inhibition of cholecystokinin-containing interneurons. This study will aid not only in our understanding of how cellular networks form but highlight vulnerable cellular circuit motifs that might be generalized across disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A D'Amour
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Tyler Ekins
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, United States
| | - Stuti Ganatra
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Chris J McBain
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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49
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Murata Y, Colonnese MT. GABAergic interneurons excite neonatal hippocampus in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba1430. [PMID: 32582852 PMCID: PMC7292633 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons are proposed to be critical for early activity and synapse formation by directly exciting, rather than inhibiting, neurons in developing hippocampus and neocortex. However, the role of GABAergic neurons in the generation of neonatal network activity has not been tested in vivo, and recent studies have challenged the excitatory nature of early GABA. By locally manipulating interneuron activity in unanesthetized neonatal mice, we show that GABAergic neurons are excitatory in CA1 hippocampus at postnatal day 3 (P3) and are responsible for most of the spontaneous firing of pyramidal cells at that age. Hippocampal interneurons become inhibitory by P7, whereas visual cortex interneurons are already inhibitory by P3 and remain so throughout development. These regional and age-specific differences are the result of a change in chloride reversal potential, because direct activation of light-gated anion channels in glutamatergic neurons drives CA1 firing at P3, but silences it at P7 in CA1, and at all ages in visual cortex. This study in the intact brain reveals that GABAergic interneuron excitation is essential for network activity in neonatal hippocampus and confirms that visual cortical interneurons are inhibitory throughout early postnatal development.
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Salmon CK, Pribiag H, Gizowski C, Farmer WT, Cameron S, Jones EV, Mahadevan V, Bourque CW, Stellwagen D, Woodin MA, Murai KK. Depolarizing GABA Transmission Restrains Activity-Dependent Glutamatergic Synapse Formation in the Developing Hippocampal Circuit. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:36. [PMID: 32161521 PMCID: PMC7053538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain but has the paradoxical property of depolarizing neurons during early development. Depolarization provided by GABAA transmission during this early phase regulates neural stem cell proliferation, neural migration, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and circuit refinement, making GABA a key factor in neural circuit development. Importantly, depending on the context, depolarizing GABAA transmission can either drive neural activity or inhibit it through shunting inhibition. The varying roles of depolarizing GABAA transmission during development, and its ability to both drive and inhibit neural activity, makes it a difficult developmental cue to study. This is particularly true in the later stages of development when the majority of synapses form and GABAA transmission switches from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. Here, we addressed the importance of depolarizing but inhibitory (or shunting) GABAA transmission in glutamatergic synapse formation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. We first showed that the developmental depolarizing-to-hyperpolarizing switch in GABAA transmission is recapitulated in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Based on the expression profile of K+−Cl− co-transporter 2 (KCC2) and changes in the GABA reversal potential, we pinpointed the timing of the switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABAA transmission in CA1 neurons. We found that blocking depolarizing but shunting GABAA transmission increased excitatory synapse number and strength, indicating that depolarizing GABAA transmission can restrain glutamatergic synapse formation. The increase in glutamatergic synapses was activity-dependent but independent of BDNF signaling. Importantly, the elevated number of synapses was stable for more than a week after GABAA inhibitors were washed out. Together these findings point to the ability of immature GABAergic transmission to restrain glutamatergic synapse formation and suggest an unexpected role for depolarizing GABAA transmission in shaping excitatory connectivity during neural circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Salmon
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Horia Pribiag
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claire Gizowski
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - W Todd Farmer
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott Cameron
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emma V Jones
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vivek Mahadevan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles W Bourque
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Stellwagen
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie A Woodin
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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