1
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Wang C, Vidal B, Sural S, Loer C, Aguilar GR, Merritt DM, Toker IA, Vogt MC, Cros C, Hobert O. A neurotransmitter atlas of C. elegans males and hermaphrodites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.24.573258. [PMID: 38895397 PMCID: PMC11185579 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.24.573258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mapping neurotransmitter identities to neurons is key to understanding information flow in a nervous system. It also provides valuable entry points for studying the development and plasticity of neuronal identity features. In the C. elegans nervous system, neurotransmitter identities have been largely assigned by expression pattern analysis of neurotransmitter pathway genes that encode neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes or transporters. However, many of these assignments have relied on multicopy reporter transgenes that may lack relevant cis-regulatory information and therefore may not provide an accurate picture of neurotransmitter usage. We analyzed the expression patterns of 16 CRISPR/Cas9-engineered knock-in reporter strains for all main types of neurotransmitters in C. elegans (glutamate, acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine, and octopamine) in both the hermaphrodite and the male. Our analysis reveals novel sites of expression of these neurotransmitter systems within both neurons and glia, as well as non-neural cells. The resulting expression atlas defines neurons that may be exclusively neuropeptidergic, substantially expands the repertoire of neurons capable of co-transmitting multiple neurotransmitters, and identifies novel neurons that uptake monoaminergic neurotransmitters. Furthermore, we also observed unusual co-expression patterns of monoaminergic synthesis pathway genes, suggesting the existence of novel monoaminergic transmitters. Our analysis results in what constitutes the most extensive whole-animal-wide map of neurotransmitter usage to date, paving the way for a better understanding of neuronal communication and neuronal identity specification in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Berta Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Surojit Sural
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Curtis Loer
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - G. Robert Aguilar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Daniel M. Merritt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Itai Antoine Toker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Merly C. Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Cyril Cros
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
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2
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Kramer TS, Flavell SW. Building and integrating brain-wide maps of nervous system function in invertebrates. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102868. [PMID: 38569231 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The selection and execution of context-appropriate behaviors is controlled by the integrated action of neural circuits throughout the brain. However, how activity is coordinated across brain regions, and how nervous system structure enables these functional interactions, remain open questions. Recent technical advances have made it feasible to build brain-wide maps of nervous system structure and function, such as brain activity maps, connectomes, and cell atlases. Here, we review recent progress in this area, focusing on C. elegans and D. melanogaster, as recent work has produced global maps of these nervous systems. We also describe neural circuit motifs elucidated in studies of specific networks, which highlight the complexities that must be captured to build accurate models of whole-brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya S Kramer
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; MIT Biology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Flavell
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Brown MP, Verma S, Palmer I, Guerrero Zuniga A, Mehta A, Rosensweig C, Keles MF, Wu MN. A subclass of evening cells promotes the switch from arousal to sleep at dusk. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2186-2199.e3. [PMID: 38723636 PMCID: PMC11111347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Animals exhibit rhythmic patterns of behavior that are shaped by an internal circadian clock and the external environment. Although light intensity varies across the day, there are particularly robust differences at twilight (dawn/dusk). These periods are also associated with major changes in behavioral states, such as the transition from arousal to sleep. However, the neural mechanisms by which time and environmental conditions promote these behavioral transitions are poorly defined. Here, we show that the E1 subclass of Drosophila evening clock neurons promotes the transition from arousal to sleep at dusk. We first demonstrate that the cell-autonomous clocks of E2 neurons primarily drive and adjust the phase of evening anticipation, the canonical behavior associated with "evening" clock neurons. We next show that conditionally silencing E1 neurons causes a significant delay in sleep onset after dusk. However, rather than simply promoting sleep, activating E1 neurons produces time- and light-dependent effects on behavior. Activation of E1 neurons has no effect early in the day but then triggers arousal before dusk and induces sleep after dusk. Strikingly, these activation-induced phenotypes depend on the presence of light during the day. Despite their influence on behavior around dusk, in vivo voltage imaging of E1 neurons reveals that their spiking rate and pattern do not significantly change throughout the day. Moreover, E1-specific clock ablation has no effect on arousal or sleep. Thus, we suggest that, rather than specifying "evening" time, E1 neurons act, in concert with other rhythmic neurons, to promote behavioral transitions at dusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shubha Verma
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabelle Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Clark Rosensweig
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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4
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Thiel D, Yañez Guerra LA, Kieswetter A, Cole AG, Temmerman L, Technau U, Jékely G. Large-scale deorphanization of Nematostella vectensis neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptors supports the independent expansion of bilaterian and cnidarian peptidergic systems. eLife 2024; 12:RP90674. [PMID: 38727714 PMCID: PMC11087051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are ancient signaling molecules in animals but only few peptide receptors are known outside bilaterians. Cnidarians possess a large number of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) - the most common receptors of bilaterian neuropeptides - but most of these remain orphan with no known ligands. We searched for neuropeptides in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and created a library of 64 peptides derived from 33 precursors. In a large-scale pharmacological screen with these peptides and 161 N. vectensis GPCRs, we identified 31 receptors specifically activated by 1 to 3 of 14 peptides. Mapping GPCR and neuropeptide expression to single-cell sequencing data revealed how cnidarian tissues are extensively connected by multilayer peptidergic networks. Phylogenetic analysis identified no direct orthology to bilaterian peptidergic systems and supports the independent expansion of neuropeptide signaling in cnidarians from a few ancestral peptide-receptor pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thiel
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Amanda Kieswetter
- Animal Physiology & Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alison G Cole
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Animal Physiology & Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ulrich Technau
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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5
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Eckstein N, Bates AS, Champion A, Du M, Yin Y, Schlegel P, Lu AKY, Rymer T, Finley-May S, Paterson T, Parekh R, Dorkenwald S, Matsliah A, Yu SC, McKellar C, Sterling A, Eichler K, Costa M, Seung S, Murthy M, Hartenstein V, Jefferis GSXE, Funke J. Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 2024; 187:2574-2594.e23. [PMID: 38729112 PMCID: PMC11106717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution electron microscopy of nervous systems has enabled the reconstruction of synaptic connectomes. However, we do not know the synaptic sign for each connection (i.e., whether a connection is excitatory or inhibitory), which is implied by the released transmitter. We demonstrate that artificial neural networks can predict transmitter types for presynapses from electron micrographs: a network trained to predict six transmitters (acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, octopamine) achieves an accuracy of 87% for individual synapses, 94% for neurons, and 91% for known cell types across a D. melanogaster whole brain. We visualize the ultrastructural features used for prediction, discovering subtle but significant differences between transmitter phenotypes. We also analyze transmitter distributions across the brain and find that neurons that develop together largely express only one fast-acting transmitter (acetylcholine, glutamate, or GABA). We hope that our publicly available predictions act as an accelerant for neuroscientific hypothesis generation for the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eckstein
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA; Institute of Neuroinformatics UZH/ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Shakeel Bates
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Champion
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Du
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yijie Yin
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Arie Matsliah
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Szi-Chieh Yu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Claire McKellar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Sterling
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Katharina Eichler
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marta Costa
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Seung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mala Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S X E Jefferis
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jan Funke
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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6
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Peng D, Zheng L, Liu D, Han C, Wang X, Yang Y, Song L, Zhao M, Wei Y, Li J, Ye X, Wei Y, Feng Z, Huang X, Chen M, Gou Y, Xue Y, Zhang L. Large-language models facilitate discovery of the molecular signatures regulating sleep and activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3685. [PMID: 38693116 PMCID: PMC11063160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep, locomotor and social activities are essential animal behaviors, but their reciprocal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we elicit information from a cutting-edge large-language model (LLM), generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) 3.5, which interprets 10.2-13.8% of Drosophila genes known to regulate the 3 behaviors. We develop an instrument for simultaneous video tracking of multiple moving objects, and conduct a genome-wide screen. We have identified 758 fly genes that regulate sleep and activities, including mre11 which regulates sleep only in the presence of conspecifics, and NELF-B which regulates sleep regardless of whether conspecifics are present. Based on LLM-reasoning, an educated signal web is modeled for understanding of potential relationships between its components, presenting comprehensive molecular signatures that control sleep, locomotor and social activities. This LLM-aided strategy may also be helpful for addressing other complex scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Liubin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Li Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Miaoying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yanfeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yuxiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xinhe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yujie Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- Nanjing University Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210031, China.
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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7
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Mao R, Yu J, Deng B, Dai X, Du Y, Du S, Zhang W, Rao Y. Conditional chemoconnectomics (cCCTomics) as a strategy for efficient and conditional targeting of chemical transmission. eLife 2024; 12:RP91927. [PMID: 38686992 PMCID: PMC11060718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissection of neural circuitry underlying behaviors is a central theme in neurobiology. We have previously proposed the concept of chemoconnectome (CCT) to cover the entire chemical transmission between neurons and target cells in an organism and created tools for studying it (CCTomics) by targeting all genes related to the CCT in Drosophila. Here we have created lines targeting the CCT in a conditional manner after modifying GFP RNA interference, Flp-out, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. All three strategies have been validated to be highly effective, with the best using chromatin-peptide fused Cas9 variants and scaffold optimized sgRNAs. As a proof of principle, we conducted a comprehensive intersection analysis of CCT genes expression profiles in the clock neurons, uncovering 43 CCT genes present in clock neurons. Specific elimination of each from clock neurons revealed that loss of the neuropeptide CNMa in two posterior dorsal clock neurons (DN1ps) or its receptor (CNMaR) caused advanced morning activity, indicating a suppressive role of CNMa-CNMaR on morning anticipation, opposite to the promoting role of PDF-PDFR on morning anticipation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of conditional CCTomics and its tools created here and establish an antagonistic relationship between CNMa-CNMaR and PDF-PDFR signaling in regulating morning anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbo Mao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bowen Deng
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xihuimin Dai
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuyao Du
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sujie Du
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Rao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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8
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Gao J, Zhang S, Deng P, Wu Z, Lemaitre B, Zhai Z, Guo Z. Dietary L-Glu sensing by enteroendocrine cells adjusts food intake via modulating gut PYY/NPF secretion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3514. [PMID: 38664401 PMCID: PMC11045819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid availability is monitored by animals to adapt to their nutritional environment. Beyond gustatory receptors and systemic amino acid sensors, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are believed to directly percept dietary amino acids and secrete regulatory peptides. However, the cellular machinery underlying amino acid-sensing by EECs and how EEC-derived hormones modulate feeding behavior remain elusive. Here, by developing tools to specifically manipulate EECs, we find that Drosophila neuropeptide F (NPF) from mated female EECs inhibits feeding, similar to human PYY. Mechanistically, dietary L-Glutamate acts through the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR to decelerate calcium oscillations in EECs, thereby causing reduced NPF secretion via dense-core vesicles. Furthermore, two dopaminergic enteric neurons expressing NPFR perceive EEC-derived NPF and relay an anorexigenic signal to the brain. Thus, our findings provide mechanistic insights into how EECs assess food quality and identify a conserved mode of action that explains how gut NPF/PYY modulates food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Gao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zongzhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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9
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Miyamoto T, Hedjazi S, Miyamoto C, Amrein H. Drosophila Neuronal Glucose 6 Phosphatase is a Modulator of Neuropeptide Release that Regulates Muscle Glycogen Stores via FMRFamide Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.28.568950. [PMID: 38077084 PMCID: PMC10705280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.568950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptides (NPs) and their cognate receptors are critical effectors of diverse physiological processes and behaviors. We recently reported of a non-canonical function of the Drosophila Glucose-6-Phosphatase ( G6P ) gene in a subset of neurosecretory cells in the CNS that governs systemic glucose homeostasis in food deprived flies. Here, we show that G6P expressing neurons define 6 groups of neuropeptide secreting cells, 4 in the brain and 2 in the thoracic ganglion. Using the glucose homeostasis phenotype as a screening tool, we find that neurons located in the thoracic ganglion expressing FMRFamide neuropeptides ( FMRFa G6P neurons) are necessary and sufficient to maintain systemic glucose homeostasis in starved flies. We further show that G6P is essential in FMRFa G6P neurons for attaining a prominent Golgi apparatus and secreting neuropeptides efficiently. Finally, we establish that G6P dependent FMRFa signaling is essential for the build-up of glycogen stores in the jump muscle which expresses the receptor for FMRFamides. We propose a general model in which the main role of G6P is to counteract glycolysis in peptidergic neurons for the purpose of optimizing the intracellular environment best suited for the expansion of the Golgi apparatus, boosting release of neuropeptides and enhancing signaling to respective target tissues expressing cognate receptors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glucose-6-phosphtase (G6P) is a critical enzyme in sugar synthesis and catalyzes the final step in glucose production. In Drosophila - and insects in general - where trehalose is the circulating sugar and Trehalose phosphate synthase, and not G6P, is used for sugar production, G6P has adopted a novel and unique role in peptidergic neurons in the CNS. Interestingly, flies lacking G6P show diminished Neuropeptide secretions and have a smaller Golgi apparatus in peptidergic neurons. It is hypothesized that the role of G6P is to counteract glycolysis, thereby creating a cellular environment that is more amenable to efficient neuropeptide secretion.
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10
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Sekiguchi M, Katoh S, Yokosako T, Saito A, Sakai M, Fukuda A, Itoh TQ, Yoshii T. The Trissin/TrissinR signaling pathway in the circadian network regulates evening activity in Drosophila melanogaster under constant dark conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149705. [PMID: 38430699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock in Drosophila is governed by a neural network comprising approximately 150 neurons, known as clock neurons, which are intricately interconnected by various neurotransmitters. The neuropeptides that play functional roles in these clock neurons have been identified; however, the roles of some neuropeptides, such as Trissin, remain unclear. Trissin is expressed in lateral dorsal clock neurons (LNds), while its receptor, TrissinR, is expressed in dorsal neuron 1 (DN1) and LNds. In this study, we investigated the role of the Trissin/TrissinR signaling pathway within the circadian network in Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis involving our newly generated antibody against the Trissin precursor revealed that Trissin expression in the LNds cycles in a circadian manner. Behavioral analysis further demonstrated that flies with Trissin or TrissinR knockout or knockdown showed delayed evening activity offset under constant darkness conditions. Notably, this observed delay in evening activity offset in TrissinRNAi flies was restored via the additional knockdown of Ion transport peptide (ITP), indicating that the Trissin/TrissinR signaling pathway transmits information via ITP. Therefore, this pathway may be a key regulator of the timing of evening activity offset termination, orchestrating its effects in collaboration with the neuropeptide, ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Shun Katoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yokosako
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aika Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Momoka Sakai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fukuda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Taichi Q Itoh
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taishi Yoshii
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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11
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Wang Z, Lin X, Shi W, Cao C. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha6 Contributes to Antiviral Immunity via IMD Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Viruses 2024; 16:562. [PMID: 38675904 PMCID: PMC11054842 DOI: 10.3390/v16040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, insecticides that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely used. Studies on the sublethal effects of insecticides have found that they can affect the amount of virus in insects. The mechanism by which insecticides affect insect virus load remain unclear. Here, we show that nAChR targeting insecticide can affect viral replication through the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway. We demonstrate that a low dose of spinosad (6.8 ng/mL), acting as an antagonist to Drosophila melanogaster nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 (Dα6), significantly elevates Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus (DMelSV) virus titers in adults of Drosophila melanogaster. Conversely, a high dose of spinosad (50 ng/mL), acting as an agonist to Dα6, substantially decreases viral load. This bidirectional regulation of virus levels is absent in Dα6-knockout flies, signifying the specificity of spinosad's action through Dα6. Furthermore, the knockdown of Dα6 results in decreased expression of genes in the IMD pathway, including dredd, imd, relish, and downstream antimicrobial peptide genes AttA and AttB, indicating a reduced innate immune response. Subsequent investigations reveal no significant difference in viral titers between relish mutant flies and Dα6-relish double mutants, suggesting that the IMD pathway's role in antiviral defense is dependent on Dα6. Collectively, our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between nAChR signaling and the IMD pathway in mediating antiviral immunity, highlighting the potential for nAChR-targeting compounds to inadvertently influence viral dynamics in insect hosts. This knowledge may inform the development of integrated pest management strategies that consider the broader ecological impact of insecticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Chuan Cao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.)
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12
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Weiss JT, Blundell MZ, Singh P, Donlea JM. Sleep deprivation drives brain-wide changes in cholinergic presynapse abundance in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312664121. [PMID: 38498719 PMCID: PMC10990117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312664121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved state that supports brain functions, including synaptic plasticity, in species across the animal kingdom. Here, we examine the neuroanatomical and cell-type distribution of presynaptic scaling in the fly brain after sleep loss. We previously found that sleep loss drives accumulation of the active zone scaffolding protein Bruchpilot (BRP) within cholinergic Kenyon cells of the Drosophila melanogaster mushroom body (MB), but not in other classes of MB neurons. To test whether similar cell type-specific trends in plasticity occur broadly across the brain, we used a flp-based genetic reporter to label presynaptic BRP in cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, or glutamatergic neurons. We then collected whole-brain confocal image stacks of BRP intensity to systematically quantify BRP, a marker of presynapse abundance, across 37 neuropil regions of the central fly brain. Our results indicate that sleep loss, either by overnight (12-h) mechanical stimulation or chronic sleep disruption in insomniac mutants, broadly elevates cholinergic synapse abundance across the brain, while synapse abundance in neurons that produce other neurotransmitters undergoes weaker, if any, changes. Extending sleep deprivation to 24 h drives brain-wide upscaling in glutamatergic, but not other, synapses. Finally, overnight male-male social pairings induce increased BRP in excitatory synapses despite male-female pairings eliciting more waking activity, suggesting experience-specific plasticity. Within neurotransmitter class and waking context, BRP changes are similar across the 37 neuropil domains, indicating that similar synaptic scaling rules may apply across the brain during acute sleep loss and that sleep need may broadly alter excitatory-inhibitory balance in the central brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T. Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Mei Z. Blundell
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Prabhjit Singh
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jeffrey M. Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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13
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Sanfilippo P, Kim AJ, Bhukel A, Yoo J, Mirshahidi PS, Pandey V, Bevir H, Yuen A, Mirshahidi PS, Guo P, Li HS, Wohlschlegel JA, Aso Y, Zipursky SL. Mapping of multiple neurotransmitter receptor subtypes and distinct protein complexes to the connectome. Neuron 2024; 112:942-958.e13. [PMID: 38262414 PMCID: PMC10957333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurons express various combinations of neurotransmitter receptor (NR) subunits and receive inputs from multiple neuron types expressing different neurotransmitters. Localizing NR subunits to specific synaptic inputs has been challenging. Here, we use epitope-tagged endogenous NR subunits, expansion light-sheet microscopy, and electron microscopy (EM) connectomics to molecularly characterize synapses in Drosophila. We show that in directionally selective motion-sensitive neurons, different multiple NRs elaborated a highly stereotyped molecular topography with NR localized to specific domains receiving cell-type-specific inputs. Developmental studies suggested that NRs or complexes of them with other membrane proteins determine patterns of synaptic inputs. In support of this model, we identify a transmembrane protein selectively associated with a subset of spatially restricted synapses and demonstrate its requirement for synapse formation through genetic analysis. We propose that mechanisms that regulate the precise spatial distribution of NRs provide a molecular cartography specifying the patterns of synaptic connections onto dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Sanfilippo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander J Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anuradha Bhukel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Juyoun Yoo
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pegah S Mirshahidi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vijaya Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harry Bevir
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ashley Yuen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Parmis S Mirshahidi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peiyi Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hong-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yoshinori Aso
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - S Lawrence Zipursky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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14
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Le JQ, Ma D, Dai X, Rosbash M. Light and dopamine impact two circadian neurons to promote morning wakefulness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583333. [PMID: 38496661 PMCID: PMC10942368 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In both mammals and flies, circadian brain neurons orchestrate physiological oscillations and behaviors like wake and sleep; these neurons can be subdivided by morphology and by gene expression patterns. Recent single-cell sequencing studies identified 17 Drosophila circadian neuron groups. One of these include only two lateral neurons (LNs), which are marked by the expression of the neuropeptide ion transport peptide (ITP). Although these two ITP+ LNs have long been grouped with five other circadian evening activity cells, inhibiting the two neurons alone strongly reduces morning activity; this indicates that they are prominent morning neurons. As dopamine signaling promotes activity in Drosophila like in mammals, we considered that dopamine might influence this morning activity function. Moreover, the ITP+ LNs express higher mRNA levels than other LNs of the type 1-like dopamine receptor Dop1R1. Consistent with the importance of Dop1R1, CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of this receptor only in the two ITP+ LNs renders flies significantly less active in the morning, and ex vivo live imaging shows that dopamine increases cAMP levels in these two neurons; cell-specific mutagenesis of Dop1R1 eliminates this cAMP response to dopamine. Notably, the response is more robust in the morning, reflecting higher morning Dop1R1 mRNA levels in the two neurons. As morning levels are not elevated in constant darkness, this suggests light-dependent upregulation of morning Dop1R1 transcript levels. Taken together with enhanced morning cAMP response to dopamine, the data indicate how light stimulates morning wakefulness in flies, which mimics the important effect of light on morning wakefulness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Quynh Le
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - Dingbang Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihuimin Dai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
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15
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Dopp J, Ortega A, Davie K, Poovathingal S, Baz ES, Liu S. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that glial cells integrate homeostatic and circadian processes to drive sleep-wake cycles. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:359-372. [PMID: 38263460 PMCID: PMC10849968 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is determined by circadian and sleep homeostatic processes. However, the molecular impact of these processes and their interaction in different brain cell populations are unknown. To fill this gap, we profiled the single-cell transcriptome of adult Drosophila brains across the sleep-wake cycle and four circadian times. We show cell type-specific transcriptomic changes, with glia displaying the largest variation. Glia are also among the few cell types whose gene expression correlates with both sleep homeostat and circadian clock. The sleep-wake cycle and sleep drive level affect the expression of clock gene regulators in glia, and disrupting clock genes specifically in glia impairs homeostatic sleep rebound after sleep deprivation. These findings provide a comprehensive view of the effects of sleep homeostatic and circadian processes on distinct cell types in an entire animal brain and reveal glia as an interaction site of these two processes to determine sleep-wake dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Dopp
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Ortega
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristofer Davie
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suresh Poovathingal
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - El-Sayed Baz
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sha Liu
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Ike KGO, Lamers SJC, Kaim S, de Boer SF, Buwalda B, Billeter JC, Kas MJH. The human neuropsychiatric risk gene Drd2 is necessary for social functioning across evolutionary distant species. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:518-528. [PMID: 38114631 PMCID: PMC11116113 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The Drd2 gene, encoding the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), was recently indicated as a potential target in the etiology of lowered sociability (i.e., social withdrawal), a symptom of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia and Major Depression. Many animal species show social withdrawal in response to stimuli, including the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster and mice, which also share most human disease-related genes. Here we will test for causality between Drd2 and sociability and for its evolutionary conserved function in these two distant species, as well as assess its mechanism as a potential therapeutic target. During behavioral observations in groups of freely interacting D. melanogaster, Drd2 homologue mutant showed decreased social interactions and locomotor activity. After confirming Drd2's social effects in flies, conditional transgenic mice lacking Drd2 in dopaminergic cells (autoreceptor KO) or in serotonergic cells (heteroreceptor KO) were studied in semi-natural environments, where they could freely interact. Autoreceptor KOs showed increased sociability, but reduced activity, while no overall effect of Drd2 deletion was observed in heteroreceptor KOs. To determine acute effects of D2R signaling on sociability, we also showed that a direct intervention with the D2R agonist Sumanirole decreased sociability in wild type mice, while the antagonist showed no effects. Using a computational ethological approach, this study demonstrates that Drd2 regulates sociability across evolutionary distant species, and that activation of the mammalian D2R autoreceptor, in particular, is necessary for social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G O Ike
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne J C Lamers
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Soumya Kaim
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sietse F de Boer
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Buwalda
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Billeter
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien J H Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Vieira Contreras F, Auger GM, Müller L, Richter V, Huetteroth W, Seufert F, Hildebrand PW, Scholz N, Thum AS, Ljaschenko D, Blanco-Redondo B, Langenhan T. The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor mayo/CG11318 controls midgut development in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113640. [PMID: 38180839 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) form a large family of cell surface molecules with versatile tasks in organ development. Many aGPCRs still await their functional and pharmacological deorphanization. Here, we characterized the orphan aGPCR CG11318/mayo of Drosophila melanogaster and found it expressed in specific regions of the gastrointestinal canal and anal plates, epithelial specializations that control ion homeostasis. Genetic removal of mayo results in tachycardia, which is caused by hyperkalemia of the larval hemolymph. The hyperkalemic effect can be mimicked by a raise in ambient potassium concentration, while normal potassium levels in mayoKO mutants can be restored by pharmacological inhibition of potassium channels. Intriguingly, hyperkalemia and tachycardia are caused non-cell autonomously through mayo-dependent control of enterocyte proliferation in the larval midgut, which is the primary function of this aGPCR. These findings characterize the ancestral aGPCR Mayo as a homeostatic regulator of gut development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vieira Contreras
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Genevieve M Auger
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Müller
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vincent Richter
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Seufert
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas S Thum
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Ljaschenko
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatriz Blanco-Redondo
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Germany.
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18
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Chen J, Stork T, Kang Y, Nardone KAM, Auer F, Farrell RJ, Jay TR, Heo D, Sheehan A, Paton C, Nagel KI, Schoppik D, Monk KR, Freeman MR. Astrocyte growth is driven by the Tre1/S1pr1 phospholipid-binding G protein-coupled receptor. Neuron 2024; 112:93-112.e10. [PMID: 38096817 PMCID: PMC11073822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes play crucial roles in regulating neural circuit function by forming a dense network of synapse-associated membrane specializations, but signaling pathways regulating astrocyte morphogenesis remain poorly defined. Here, we show the Drosophila lipid-binding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Tre1 is required for astrocytes to establish their intricate morphology in vivo. The lipid phosphate phosphatases Wunen/Wunen2 also regulate astrocyte morphology and, via Tre1, mediate astrocyte-astrocyte competition for growth-promoting lipids. Loss of s1pr1, the functional analog of Tre1 in zebrafish, disrupts astrocyte process elaboration, and live imaging and pharmacology demonstrate that S1pr1 balances proper astrocyte process extension/retraction dynamics during growth. Loss of Tre1 in flies or S1pr1 in zebrafish results in defects in simple assays of motor behavior. Tre1 and S1pr1 are thus potent evolutionarily conserved regulators of the elaboration of astrocyte morphological complexity and, ultimately, astrocyte control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Chen
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Tobias Stork
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yunsik Kang
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Katherine A M Nardone
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Franziska Auer
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ryan J Farrell
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Taylor R Jay
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dongeun Heo
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy Sheehan
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Cameron Paton
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - David Schoppik
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly R Monk
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Marc R Freeman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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19
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Eiman MN, Kumar S, Serrano Negron YL, Tansey TR, Harbison ST. Genome-wide association in Drosophila identifies a role for Piezo and Proc-R in sleep latency. Sci Rep 2024; 14:260. [PMID: 38168575 PMCID: PMC10761942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep latency, the amount of time that it takes an individual to fall asleep, is a key indicator of sleep need. Sleep latency varies considerably both among and within species and is heritable, but lacks a comprehensive description of its underlying genetic network. Here we conduct a genome-wide association study of sleep latency. Using previously collected sleep and activity data on a wild-derived population of flies, we calculate sleep latency, confirming significant, heritable genetic variation for this complex trait. We identify 520 polymorphisms in 248 genes contributing to variability in sleep latency. Tests of mutations in 23 candidate genes and additional putative pan-neuronal knockdown of 9 of them implicated CG44153, Piezo, Proc-R and Rbp6 in sleep latency. Two large-effect mutations in the genes Proc-R and Piezo were further confirmed via genetic rescue. This work greatly enhances our understanding of the genetic factors that influence variation in sleep latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Eiman
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yazmin L Serrano Negron
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry R Tansey
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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20
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Qu S, Zhou X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Zhou H, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Yang Q, Jiang L, Ma Y, Gao Y, Kong L, Zhang L. The effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution and potential drug repurposing for ADHD treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:165-185. [PMID: 37957291 PMCID: PMC11078728 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The stimulant methylphenidate (MPH) and the non-stimulant atomoxetine (ATX) are frequently used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the function of these drugs in different types of brain cells and their effects on related genes remain largely unknown. To address these questions, we built a pipeline for the simultaneous examination of the activity behavior and transcriptional responses of Drosophila melanogaster at single-cell resolution following drug treatment. We selected the Drosophila with significantly increased locomotor activities (hyperactivity-like behavior) following the administration of each drug in comparison with the control (same food as the drug-treated groups with 5% sucrose, yeast, and blue food dye solution) using EasyFlyTracker. Subsequently, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASEQ) was used to capture the transcriptome of 82,917 cells, unsupervised clustering analysis of which yielded 28 primary cell clusters representing the major cell types in adult Drosophila brain. Indeed, both neuronal and glial cells responded to MPH and ATX. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed distinct transcriptional changes associated with these two drugs, such as two well-studied dopamine receptor genes (Dop2R and DopEcR) were responsive to MPH but not to ATX at their optimal doses, in addition to genes involved in dopamine metabolism pathways such as Syt1, Sytalpha, Syt7, and Ih in different cell types. More importantly, MPH also suppressed the expression of genes encoding other neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic signaling molecules in many cell types, especially those for Glu and GABA, while the responsive effects of ATX were much weaker. In addition to monoaminergic neuronal transmitters, other neurotransmitters have also shown a similar pattern with respect to a stronger effect associated with MPH than with ATX. Moreover, we identified four distinct glial cell subtypes responsive to the two drugs and detected a greater number of differentially expressed genes associated with ensheathing and astrocyte-like glia. Furthermore, our study provides a rich resource of candidate target genes, supported by drug set enrichment analysis (P = 2.10E-4; hypergeometric test), for the further exploration of drug repurposing. The whole list of candidates can be found at ADHDrug ( http://adhdrug.cibr.ac.cn/ ). In conclusion, we propose a fast and cost-efficient pipeline to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of ADHD drug treatment in Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution, which may further facilitate drug repurposing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Qu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qingjie Zhu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Kong
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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21
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Bonanno SL, Sanfilippo P, Eamani A, Sampson MM, Binu K, Li K, Burns GD, Makar ME, Zipursky SL, Krantz DE. Constitutive and conditional epitope-tagging of endogenous G protein coupled receptors in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.27.573472. [PMID: 38234787 PMCID: PMC10793450 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
To visualize the cellular and subcellular localization of neuromodulatory G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in Drosophila , we implement a molecular strategy recently used to add epitope tags to ionotropic receptors at their endogenous loci. Leveraging evolutionary conservation to identify sites more likely to permit insertion of a tag, we generated constitutive and conditional tagged alleles for Drosophila 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, Octβ1R, Octβ2R, two isoforms of OAMB, and mGluR. The conditional alleles allow for the restricted expression of tagged receptor in specific cell types, an option not available for any previous reagents to label these proteins. We show that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B localize to the mushroom bodies and central complex respectively, as predicted by their roles in sleep. By contrast, the unexpected enrichment of Octβ1R in the central complex and of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A to nerve terminals in lobular columnar cells in the visual system suggest new hypotheses about their function at these sites. Using an additional tagged allele of the serotonin transporter, a marker of serotonergic tracts, we demonstrate diverse spatial relationships between postsynaptic 5-HT receptors and presynaptic 5-HT neurons, consistent with the importance of both synaptic and volume transmission. Finally, we use the conditional allele of 5-HT1A to show that it localizes to distinct sites within the mushroom bodies as both a postsynaptic receptor in Kenyon cells and a presynaptic autoreceptor. Significance Statement In Drosophila , despite remarkable advances in both connectomic and genomic studies, antibodies to many aminergic GPCRs are not available. We have overcome this obstacle using evolutionary conservation to identify loci in GPCRs amenable to epitope-tagging, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generated eight novel lines. This method also may be applied to other GPCRs and allows cell-specific expression of the tagged locus. We have used the tagged alleles we generated to address several questions that remain poorly understood. These include the relationship between pre- and post-synaptic sites that express the same receptor, and the use of relatively distant targets by pre-synaptic release sites that may employ volume transmission as well as standard synaptic signaling.
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22
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Fedina TY, Cummins ET, Promislow DEL, Pletcher SD. The neuropeptide drosulfakinin enhances choosiness and protects males from the aging effects of social perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308305120. [PMID: 38079545 PMCID: PMC10743377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308305120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The motivation to reproduce is a potent natural drive, and the social behaviors that induce it can severely impact animal health and lifespan. Indeed, in Drosophila males, accelerated aging associated with reproduction arises not from the physical act of courtship or copulation but instead from the motivational drive to court and mate. To better understand the mechanisms underlying social effects on aging, we studied male choosiness for mates. We found that increased activity of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) of the fly brain potentiated choosiness without consistently affecting courtship activity. Surprisingly, this effect was not caused by insulins themselves, but instead by drosulfakinin (DSK), another neuropeptide produced in a subset of the IPCs, acting through one of the two DSK receptors, CCKLR-17D1. Activation of Dsk+ IPC neurons also decreased food consumption, while activation of Dsk+ neurons outside of IPCs affected neither choosiness nor feeding, suggesting an overlap between Dsk+neurons modulating choosiness and those influencing satiety. Broader activation of Dsk+ neurons (both within and outside of the IPCs) was required to rescue the detrimental effect of female pheromone exposure on male lifespan, as was the function of both DSK receptors. The same broad set of Dsk+ neurons was found to reinforce normally aversive feeding interactions, but only after exposure to female pheromones, suggesting that perception of the opposite sex gates rewarding properties of these neurons. We speculate that broad Dsk+ neuron activation is associated with states of satiety and social experience, which under stressful conditions is rewarding and beneficial for lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Y. Fedina
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Easton T. Cummins
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Daniel E. L. Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Scott D. Pletcher
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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23
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Chen T, Zhang M, Ding Z, Hu J, Yang J, He L, Jia J, Yang J, Yang J, Song X, Chen P, Zhai Z, Huang J, Wang Y, Qin H. The Drosophila NPY-like system protects against chronic stress-induced learning deficit by preventing the disruption of autophagic flux. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307632120. [PMID: 38079543 PMCID: PMC10743384 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307632120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress may induce learning and memory deficits that are associated with a depression-like state in Drosophila melanogaster. The molecular and neural mechanisms underlying the etiology of chronic stress-induced learning deficit (CSLD) remain elusive. Here, we show that the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, a conserved cellular signaling mechanism, is associated with chronic stress in Drosophila, as indicated by time-series transcriptome profiling. Our findings demonstrate that chronic stress induces the disruption of autophagic flux, and chronic disruption of autophagic flux could lead to a learning deficit. Remarkably, preventing the disruption of autophagic flux by up-regulating the basal autophagy level is sufficient to protect against CSLD. Consistent with the essential role of the dopaminergic system in modulating susceptibility to CSLD, dopamine neuronal activity is also indispensable for chronic stress to induce the disruption of autophagic flux. By screening knockout mutants, we found that neuropeptide F, the Drosophila homolog of neuropeptide Y, is necessary for normal autophagic flux and promotes resilience to CSLD. Moreover, neuropeptide F signaling during chronic stress treatment promotes resilience to CSLD by preventing the disruption of autophagic flux. Importantly, neuropeptide F receptor activity in dopamine neurons also promotes resilience to CSLD. Together, our data elucidate a mechanism by which stress-induced excessive dopaminergic activity precipitates the disruption of autophagic flux, and chronic disruption of autophagic flux leads to CSLD, while inhibitory neuropeptide F signaling to dopamine neurons promotes resilience to CSLD by preventing the disruption of autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Zhaowen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Junfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Xiaoxu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming650500, China
| | - Zongzhao Zhai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Hongtao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
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24
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Katheder NS, Browder KC, Chang D, De Maziere A, Kujala P, van Dijk S, Klumperman J, Lu TC, Li H, Lai Z, Sangaraju D, Jasper H. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling maintains epithelial barrier integrity. eLife 2023; 12:e86381. [PMID: 38063293 PMCID: PMC10764009 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of epithelial barriers is a common disease manifestation in chronic degenerative diseases of the airways, lung, and intestine. Extensive human genetic studies have identified risk loci in such diseases, including in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammatory bowel diseases. The genes associated with these loci have not fully been determined, and functional characterization of such genes requires extensive studies in model organisms. Here, we report the results of a screen in Drosophila melanogaster that allowed for rapid identification, validation, and prioritization of COPD risk genes that were selected based on risk loci identified in human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using intestinal barrier dysfunction in flies as a readout, our results validate the impact of candidate gene perturbations on epithelial barrier function in 56% of the cases, resulting in a prioritized target gene list. We further report the functional characterization in flies of one family of these genes, encoding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits. We find that nAchR signaling in enterocytes of the fly gut promotes epithelial barrier function and epithelial homeostasis by regulating the production of the peritrophic matrix. Our findings identify COPD-associated genes critical for epithelial barrier maintenance, and provide insight into the role of epithelial nAchR signaling for homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja S Katheder
- Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Kristen C Browder
- Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Diana Chang
- Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Ann De Maziere
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pekka Kujala
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Dijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hongjie Li
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
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25
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Yamazaki D, Maeyama Y, Tabata T. Combinatory Actions of Co-transmitters in Dopaminergic Systems Modulate Drosophila Olfactory Memories. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8294-8305. [PMID: 37429719 PMCID: PMC10711700 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2152-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons (DANs) are extensively studied in the context of associative learning, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the acquisition of male and female Drosophila olfactory memory, the PAM cluster of DANs provides the reward signal, and the PPL1 cluster of DANs sends the punishment signal to the Kenyon cells (KCs) of mushroom bodies, the center for memory formation. However, thermo-genetical activation of the PPL1 DANs after memory acquisition impaired aversive memory, and that of the PAM DANs impaired appetitive memory. We demonstrate that the knockdown of glutamate decarboxylase, which catalyzes glutamate conversion to GABA in PAM DANs, potentiated the appetitive memory. In addition, the knockdown of glutamate transporter in PPL1 DANs potentiated aversive memory, suggesting that GABA and glutamate co-transmitters act in an inhibitory manner in olfactory memory formation. We also found that, in γKCs, the Rdl receptor for GABA and the mGluR DmGluRA mediate the inhibition. Although multiple-spaced training is required to form long-term aversive memory, a single cycle of training was sufficient to develop long-term memory when the glutamate transporter was knocked down, in even a single subset of PPL1 DANs. Our results suggest that the mGluR signaling pathway may set a threshold for memory acquisition to allow the organisms' behaviors to adapt to changing physiological conditions and environments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the acquisition of olfactory memory in Drosophila, the PAM cluster of dopamine neurons (DANs) mediates the reward signal, while the PPL1 cluster of DANs conveys the punishment signal to the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies, which serve as the center for memory formation. We found that GABA co-transmitters in the PAM DANs and glutamate co-transmitters in the PPL1 DANs inhibit olfactory memory formation. Our findings demonstrate that long-term memory acquisition, which typically necessitates multiple-spaced training sessions to establish aversive memory, can be triggered with a single training cycle in cases where the glutamate co-transmission is inhibited, even within a single subset of PPL1 DANs, suggesting that the glutamate co-transmission may modulate the threshold for memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamazaki
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuko Maeyama
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tabata
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
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26
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Brown EB, Zhang J, Lloyd E, Lanzon E, Botero V, Tomchik S, Keene AC. Neurofibromin 1 mediates sleep depth in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011049. [PMID: 38091360 PMCID: PMC10763969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural regulation of sleep and metabolic homeostasis are critical in many aspects of human health. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence linking sleep dysregulation with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, little is known about the neural and molecular basis for the integration of sleep and metabolic function. The RAS GTPase-activating gene Neurofibromin (Nf1) has been implicated in the regulation of sleep and metabolic rate, raising the possibility that it serves to integrate these processes, but the effects on sleep consolidation and physiology remain poorly understood. A key hallmark of sleep depth in mammals and flies is a reduction in metabolic rate during sleep. Here, we examine multiple measures of sleep quality to determine the effects of Nf1 on sleep-dependent changes in arousal threshold and metabolic rate. Flies lacking Nf1 fail to suppress metabolic rate during sleep, raising the possibility that loss of Nf1 prevents flies from integrating sleep and metabolic state. Sleep of Nf1 mutant flies is fragmented with a reduced arousal threshold in Nf1 mutants, suggesting Nf1 flies fail to enter deep sleep. The effects of Nf1 on sleep can be localized to a subset of neurons expressing the GABAA receptor Rdl. Sleep loss has been associated with changes in gut homeostasis in flies and mammals. Selective knockdown of Nf1 in Rdl-expressing neurons within the nervous system increases gut permeability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the gut, raising the possibility that loss of sleep quality contributes to gut dysregulation. Together, these findings suggest Nf1 acts in GABA-sensitive neurons to modulate sleep depth in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Brown
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evan Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Lanzon
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valentina Botero
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Seth Tomchik
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alex C. Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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27
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Tanaka R, Zhou B, Agrochao M, Badwan BA, Au B, Matos NCB, Clark DA. Neural mechanisms to incorporate visual counterevidence in self-movement estimation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4960-4979.e7. [PMID: 37918398 PMCID: PMC10848174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In selecting appropriate behaviors, animals should weigh sensory evidence both for and against specific beliefs about the world. For instance, animals measure optic flow to estimate and control their own rotation. However, existing models of flow detection can be spuriously triggered by visual motion created by objects moving in the world. Here, we show that stationary patterns on the retina, which constitute evidence against observer rotation, suppress inappropriate stabilizing rotational behavior in the fruit fly Drosophila. In silico experiments show that artificial neural networks (ANNs) that are optimized to distinguish observer movement from external object motion similarly detect stationarity and incorporate negative evidence. Employing neural measurements and genetic manipulations, we identified components of the circuitry for stationary pattern detection, which runs parallel to the fly's local motion and optic-flow detectors. Our results show how the fly brain incorporates negative evidence to improve heading stability, exemplifying how a compact brain exploits geometrical constraints of the visual world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tanaka
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Margarida Agrochao
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Bara A Badwan
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Braedyn Au
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Natalia C B Matos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Damon A Clark
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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28
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Xiao N, Xu S, Li ZK, Tang M, Mao R, Yang T, Ma SX, Wang PH, Li MT, Sunilkumar A, Rouyer F, Cao LH, Luo DG. A single photoreceptor splits perception and entrainment by cotransmission. Nature 2023; 623:562-570. [PMID: 37880372 PMCID: PMC10651484 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Vision enables both image-forming perception, driven by a contrast-based pathway, and unconscious non-image-forming circadian photoentrainment, driven by an irradiance-based pathway1,2. Although two distinct photoreceptor populations are specialized for each visual task3-6, image-forming photoreceptors can additionally contribute to photoentrainment of the circadian clock in different species7-15. However, it is unknown how the image-forming photoreceptor pathway can functionally implement the segregation of irradiance signals required for circadian photoentrainment from contrast signals required for image perception. Here we report that the Drosophila R8 photoreceptor separates image-forming and irradiance signals by co-transmitting two neurotransmitters, histamine and acetylcholine. This segregation is further established postsynaptically by histamine-receptor-expressing unicolumnar retinotopic neurons and acetylcholine-receptor-expressing multicolumnar integration neurons. The acetylcholine transmission from R8 photoreceptors is sustained by an autocrine negative feedback of the cotransmitted histamine during the light phase of light-dark cycles. At the behavioural level, elimination of histamine and acetylcholine transmission impairs R8-driven motion detection and circadian photoentrainment, respectively. Thus, a single type of photoreceptor can achieve the dichotomy of visual perception and circadian photoentrainment as early as the first visual synapses, revealing a simple yet robust mechanism to segregate and translate distinct sensory features into different animal behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Renbo Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Xing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajay Sunilkumar
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Rouyer
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Li-Hui Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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29
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Chemical cognition: chemoconnectomics and convergent evolution of integrative systems in animals. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1851-1864. [PMID: 38015282 PMCID: PMC11106658 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurons underpin cognition in animals. However, the roots of animal cognition are elusive from both mechanistic and evolutionary standpoints. Two conceptual frameworks both highlight and promise to address these challenges. First, we discuss evidence that animal neural and other integrative systems evolved more than once (convergent evolution) within basal metazoan lineages, giving us unique experiments by Nature for future studies. The most remarkable examples are neural systems in ctenophores and neuroid-like systems in placozoans and sponges. Second, in addition to classical synaptic wiring, a chemical connectome mediated by hundreds of signal molecules operates in tandem with neurons and is the most information-rich source of emerging properties and adaptability. The major gap-dynamic, multifunctional chemical micro-environments in nervous systems-is not understood well. Thus, novel tools and information are needed to establish mechanistic links between orchestrated, yet cell-specific, volume transmission and behaviors. Uniting what we call chemoconnectomics and analyses of the cellular bases of behavior in basal metazoan lineages arguably would form the foundation for deciphering the origins and early evolution of elementary cognition and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, USA.
| | - Daria Y Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Sun M, Ma M, Deng B, Li N, Peng Q, Pan Y. A neural pathway underlying hunger modulation of sexual receptivity in Drosophila females. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113243. [PMID: 37819758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accepting or rejecting a mate is one of the most crucial decisions a female will make, especially when faced with food shortage. Previous studies have identified the core neural circuity from sensing male courtship or mating status to decision-making for sexual receptivity in Drosophila females, but how hunger and satiety states modulate female receptivity is poorly understood. Here, we identify the neural circuit and its neuromodulation underlying the hunger modulation of female receptivity. We find that adipokinetic hormone receptor (AkhR)-expressing neurons inhibit sexual receptivity in a starvation-dependent manner. AkhR neurons are octopaminergic and act on a subset of Octβ1R-expressing LH421 neurons. Knocking down Octβ1R expression in LH421 neurons eliminates starvation-induced suppression of female receptivity. We further find that LH421 neurons inhibit the sex-promoting pC1 neurons via GABA-resistant to dieldrin (Rdl) signaling. pC1 neurons also integrate courtship stimulation and mating status and thus serve as a common integrator of multiple internal and external cues for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bowen Deng
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Qionglin Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yufeng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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31
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Trombley S, Powell J, Guttipatti P, Matamoros A, Lin X, O'Harrow T, Steinschaden T, Miles L, Wang Q, Wang S, Qiu J, Li Q, Li F, Song Y. Glia instruct axon regeneration via a ternary modulation of neuronal calcium channels in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6490. [PMID: 37838791 PMCID: PMC10576831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A neuron's regenerative capacity is governed by its intrinsic and extrinsic environment. Both peripheral and central neurons exhibit cell-type-dependent axon regeneration, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Glia provide a milieu essential for regeneration. However, the routes of glia-neuron signaling remain underexplored. Here, we show that regeneration specificity is determined by the axotomy-induced Ca2+ transients only in the fly regenerative neurons, which is mediated by L-type calcium channels, constituting the core intrinsic machinery. Peripheral glia regulate axon regeneration via a three-layered and balanced modulation. Glia-derived tumor necrosis factor acts through its neuronal receptor to maintain calcium channel expression after injury. Glia sustain calcium channel opening by enhancing membrane hyperpolarization via the inwardly-rectifying potassium channel (Irk1). Glia also release adenosine which signals through neuronal adenosine receptor (AdoR) to activate HCN channels (Ih) and dampen Ca2+ transients. Together, we identify a multifaceted glia-neuron coupling which can be hijacked to promote neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Trombley
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jackson Powell
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pavithran Guttipatti
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Matamoros
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Tristan O'Harrow
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tobias Steinschaden
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Leann Miles
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shuchao Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jingyun Qiu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanquan Song
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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32
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Ji X, Li X, Wang L, Liu S, Jiang X, Pan Y. Asexuality in Drosophila juvenile males is organizational and independent of juvenile hormone. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56898. [PMID: 37530648 PMCID: PMC10561357 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexuality is generally prevented in newborns and arises with organizational rewiring of neural circuitry and optimization of fitness for reproduction competition. Recent studies reported that sex circuitry in Drosophila melanogaster is developed in juvenile males but functionally inhibited by juvenile hormone (JH). Here, we find that the fly sex circuitry, mainly expressing the male-specific fruitless (fruM ) and/or doublesex (dsx), is organizationally undeveloped and functionally inoperative in juvenile males. Artificially activating all fruM neurons induces substantial courtship in solitary adult males but not in juvenile males. Synaptic transmissions between major courtship regulators and all dsx neurons are strong in adult males but either weak or undetectable in juvenile males. We further find that JH does not inhibit male courtship in juvenile males but instead promotes courtship robustness in adult males. Our results indicate that the transition to sexuality from juvenile to adult flies requires organizational rewiring of neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and TechnologySoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaolong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and TechnologySoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and TechnologySoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied TechnologySouth China Normal UniversityMeizhouChina
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and TechnologySoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yufeng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and TechnologySoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
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33
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Sanfilippo P, Kim AJ, Bhukel A, Yoo J, Mirshahidi PS, Pandey V, Bevir H, Yuen A, Mirshahidi PS, Guo P, Li HS, Wohlschlegel JA, Aso Y, Zipursky SL. Mapping of multiple neurotransmitter receptor subtypes and distinct protein complexes to the connectome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560011. [PMID: 37873314 PMCID: PMC10592863 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurons express different combinations of neurotransmitter receptor (NR) subunits and receive inputs from multiple neuron types expressing different neurotransmitters. Localizing NR subunits to specific synaptic inputs has been challenging. Here we use epitope tagged endogenous NR subunits, expansion light-sheet microscopy, and EM connectomics to molecularly characterize synapses in Drosophila. We show that in directionally selective motion sensitive neurons, different multiple NRs elaborated a highly stereotyped molecular topography with NR localized to specific domains receiving cell-type specific inputs. Developmental studies suggested that NRs or complexes of them with other membrane proteins determines patterns of synaptic inputs. In support of this model, we identify a transmembrane protein associated selectively with a subset of spatially restricted synapses and demonstrate through genetic analysis its requirement for synapse formation. We propose that mechanisms which regulate the precise spatial distribution of NRs provide a molecular cartography specifying the patterns of synaptic connections onto dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Sanfilippo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anuradha Bhukel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Juyoun Yoo
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pegah S Mirshahidi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vijaya Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry Bevir
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Yuen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parmis S Mirshahidi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peiyi Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hong-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yoshinori Aso
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - S Lawrence Zipursky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Lead Contact
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34
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Long DR, Kinser A, Olalde-Welling A, Brewer L, Lim J, Matheny D, Long B, Roossien DH. 5-HT1A regulates axon outgrowth in a subpopulation of Drosophila serotonergic neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:268-281. [PMID: 37714743 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons produce extensively branched axons that fill most of the central nervous system, where they modulate a wide variety of behaviors. Many behavioral disorders have been correlated with defective serotonergic axon morphologies. Proper behavioral output therefore depends on the precise outgrowth and targeting of serotonergic axons during development. To direct outgrowth, serotonergic neurons utilize serotonin as a signaling molecule prior to it assuming its neurotransmitter role. This process, termed serotonin autoregulation, regulates axon outgrowth, branching, and varicosity development of serotonergic neurons. However, the receptor that mediates serotonin autoregulation is unknown. Here we asked if serotonin receptor 5-HT1A plays a role in serotonergic axon outgrowth and branching. Using cultured Drosophila serotonergic neurons, we found that exogenous serotonin reduced axon length and branching only in those expressing 5-HT1A. Pharmacological activation of 5-HT1A led to reduced axon length and branching, whereas the disruption of 5-HT1A rescued outgrowth in the presence of exogenous serotonin. Altogether this suggests that 5-HT1A is a serotonin autoreceptor in a subpopulation of serotonergic neurons and initiates signaling pathways that regulate axon outgrowth and branching during Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney R Long
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Ava Kinser
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Luke Brewer
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Juri Lim
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Dayle Matheny
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Breanna Long
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
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35
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Beets I, Zels S, Vandewyer E, Demeulemeester J, Caers J, Baytemur E, Courtney A, Golinelli L, Hasakioğulları İ, Schafer WR, Vértes PE, Mirabeau O, Schoofs L. System-wide mapping of peptide-GPCR interactions in C. elegans. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113058. [PMID: 37656621 PMCID: PMC7615250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are ancient, widespread signaling molecules that underpin almost all brain functions. They constitute a broad ligand-receptor network, mainly by binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the organization of the peptidergic network and roles of many peptides remain elusive, as our insight into peptide-receptor interactions is limited and many peptide GPCRs are still orphan receptors. Here we report a genome-wide peptide-GPCR interaction map in Caenorhabditis elegans. By reverse pharmacology screening of over 55,384 possible interactions, we identify 461 cognate peptide-GPCR couples that uncover a broad signaling network with specific and complex combinatorial interactions encoded across and within single peptidergic genes. These interactions provide insights into peptide functions and evolution. Combining our dataset with phylogenetic analysis supports peptide-receptor co-evolution and conservation of at least 14 bilaterian peptidergic systems in C. elegans. This resource lays a foundation for system-wide analysis of the peptidergic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Beets
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sven Zels
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; VIB - KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Caers
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esra Baytemur
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy Courtney
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | | | - William R Schafer
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Petra E Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Inserm U1224, Brain-Immune Communication Lab, 75015 Paris, France
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36
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Mabuchi Y, Cui X, Xie L, Kim H, Jiang T, Yapici N. Visual feedback neurons fine-tune Drosophila male courtship via GABA-mediated inhibition. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3896-3910.e7. [PMID: 37673068 PMCID: PMC10529139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Many species of animals use vision to regulate their social behaviors. However, the molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying visually guided social interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the Drosophila ortholog of the human GABAA-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is required in a class of visual feedback neurons, lamina tangential (Lat) cells, to fine-tune male courtship. GABARAP is a ubiquitin-like protein that maintains cell-surface levels of GABAA receptors. We demonstrate that knocking down GABARAP or GABAAreceptors in Lat neurons or hyperactivating them induces male courtship toward other males. Inhibiting Lat neurons, on the other hand, delays copulation by impairing the ability of males to follow females. Remarkably, the fly GABARAP protein and its human ortholog share a strong sequence identity, and the fly GABARAP function in Lat neurons can be rescued by its human ortholog. Using in vivo two-photon imaging and optogenetics, we reveal that Lat neurons are functionally connected to neural circuits that mediate visually guided courtship pursuits in males. Our work identifies a novel physiological function for GABARAP in regulating visually guided courtship pursuits in Drosophila males. Reduced GABAA signaling has been linked to social deficits observed in the autism spectrum and bipolar disorders. The functional similarity between the human and the fly GABARAP raises the possibility of a conserved role for this gene in regulating social behaviors across insects and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Mabuchi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xinyue Cui
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lily Xie
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haein Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tianxing Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nilay Yapici
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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37
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González Segarra AJ, Pontes G, Jourjine N, Del Toro A, Scott K. Hunger- and thirst-sensing neurons modulate a neuroendocrine network to coordinate sugar and water ingestion. eLife 2023; 12:RP88143. [PMID: 37732734 PMCID: PMC10513480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of food and water is tightly regulated by the nervous system to maintain internal nutrient homeostasis. Although generally considered independently, interactions between hunger and thirst drives are important to coordinate competing needs. In Drosophila, four neurons called the interoceptive subesophageal zone neurons (ISNs) respond to intrinsic hunger and thirst signals to oppositely regulate sucrose and water ingestion. Here, we investigate the neural circuit downstream of the ISNs to examine how ingestion is regulated based on internal needs. Utilizing the recently available fly brain connectome, we find that the ISNs synapse with a novel cell-type bilateral T-shaped neuron (BiT) that projects to neuroendocrine centers. In vivo neural manipulations revealed that BiT oppositely regulates sugar and water ingestion. Neuroendocrine cells downstream of ISNs include several peptide-releasing and peptide-sensing neurons, including insulin producing cells (IPCs), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons, and CCHamide-2 receptor isoform RA (CCHa2R-RA) neurons. These neurons contribute differentially to ingestion of sugar and water, with IPCs and CCAP neurons oppositely regulating sugar and water ingestion, and CCHa2R-RA neurons modulating only water ingestion. Thus, the decision to consume sugar or water occurs via regulation of a broad peptidergic network that integrates internal signals of nutritional state to generate nutrient-specific ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Pontes
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | | | | | - Kristin Scott
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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38
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Kashio S, Masuda S, Miura M. Involvement of neuronal tachykinin-like receptor at 86C in Drosophila disc repair via regulation of kynurenine metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:107553. [PMID: 37636053 PMCID: PMC10457576 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons contribute to the regeneration of projected tissues; however, it remains unclear whether they are involved in the non-innervated tissue regeneration. Herein, we showed that a neuronal tachykinin-like receptor at 86C (TkR86C) is required for the repair of non-innervated wing discs in Drosophila. Using a genetic tissue repair system in Drosophila larvae, we performed genetic screening for G protein-coupled receptors to search for signal mediatory systems for remote tissue repair. An evolutionarily conserved neuroinflammatory receptor, TkR86C, was identified as the candidate receptor. Neuron-specific knockdown of TkR86C impaired disc repair without affecting normal development. We investigated the humoral metabolites of the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway regulated in the fat body because of their role as tissue repair-mediating factors. Neuronal knockdown of TkR86C hampered injury-dependent changes in the expression of vermillion in the fat body and humoral Kyn metabolites. Our data indicate the involvement of TkR86C neurons upstream of Kyn metabolism in non-autonomous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshiro Kashio
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Masuda
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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39
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Singh P, Aleman A, Omoto JJ, Nguyen BC, Kandimalla P, Hartenstein V, Donlea JM. Examining Sleep Modulation by Drosophila Ellipsoid Body Neurons. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0281-23.2023. [PMID: 37679041 PMCID: PMC10523840 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0281-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work in Drosophila has uncovered several neighboring classes of sleep-regulatory neurons within the central complex. However, the logic of connectivity and network motifs remains limited by the incomplete examination of relevant cell types. Using a recent genetic-anatomic classification of ellipsoid body ring neurons, we conducted a thermogenetic screen in female flies to assess sleep/wake behavior and identified two wake-promoting drivers that label ER3d neurons and two sleep-promoting drivers that express in ER3m cells. We then used intersectional genetics to refine driver expression patterns. Activation of ER3d cells shortened sleep bouts, suggesting a key role in sleep maintenance. While sleep-promoting drivers from our mini-screen label overlapping ER3m neurons, intersectional strategies cannot rule out sleep regulatory roles for additional neurons in their expression patterns. Suppressing GABA synthesis in ER3m neurons prevents postinjury sleep, and GABAergic ER3d cells are required for thermogenetically induced wakefulness. Finally, we use an activity-dependent fluorescent reporter for putative synaptic contacts to embed these neurons within the known sleep-regulatory network. ER3m and ER3d neurons may receive connections from wake-active Helicon/ExR1 cells, and ER3m neurons likely inhibit ER3d neurons. Together, these data suggest a neural mechanism by which previously uncharacterized circuit elements stabilize sleep-wake states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjit Singh
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Abigail Aleman
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Jaison Jiro Omoto
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Bao-Chau Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, & Developmental Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Pratyush Kandimalla
- Department of Molecular, Cell, & Developmental Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell, & Developmental Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Jeffrey M Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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40
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Wan X, Shen P, Shi K, Li J, Wu F, Zhou C. A Neural Circuit Controlling Virgin Female Aggression Induced by Mating-related Cues in Drosophila. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1396-1410. [PMID: 36941515 PMCID: PMC10465459 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Females increase aggression for mating opportunities and for acquiring reproductive resources. Although the close relationship between female aggression and mating status is widely appreciated, whether and how female aggression is regulated by mating-related cues remains poorly understood. Here we report an interesting observation that Drosophila virgin females initiate high-frequency attacks toward mated females. We identify 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), a male-derived pheromone transferred to females during mating, which promotes virgin female aggression. We subsequently reveal a cVA-responsive neural circuit consisting of four orders of neurons, including Or67d, DA1, aSP-g, and pC1 neurons, that mediate cVA-induced virgin female aggression. We also determine that aSP-g neurons release acetylcholine (ACh) to excite pC1 neurons via the nicotinic ACh receptor nAChRα7. Together, beyond revealing cVA as a mating-related inducer of virgin female aggression, our results identify a neural circuit linking the chemosensory perception of mating-related cues to aggressive behavior in Drosophila females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Peng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Fengming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Chuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
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41
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Guo L, Qiao X, Haji D, Zhou T, Liu Z, Whiteman NK, Huang J. Convergent resistance to GABA receptor neurotoxins through plant-insect coevolution. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1444-1456. [PMID: 37460839 PMCID: PMC10482695 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of coevolution between plants and insects remain elusive. GABA receptors are targets of many neurotoxic terpenoids, which represent the most diverse array of natural products known. Over deep evolutionary time, as plant terpene synthases diversified in plants, so did plant terpenoid defence repertoires. Here we show that herbivorous insects and their predators evolved convergent amino acid changing substitutions in duplicated copies of the Resistance to dieldrin (Rdl) gene that encodes the GABA receptor, and that the evolution of duplicated Rdl and terpenoid-resistant GABA receptors is associated with the diversification of moths and butterflies. These same substitutions also evolved in pests exposed to synthetic insecticides that target the GABA receptor. We used in vivo genome editing in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate the fitness effects of each putative resistance mutation and found that pleiotropy both facilitates and constrains the evolution of GABA receptor resistance. The same genetic changes that confer resistance to terpenoids across 300 Myr of insect evolution have re-evolved in response to synthetic analogues over one human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Diler Haji
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Noah K Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jia Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Li Y, Li C, Liu Y, Yu J, Yang J, Cui Y, Wang TV, Li C, Jiang L, Song M, Rao Y. Sleep need, the key regulator of sleep homeostasis, is indicated and controlled by phosphorylation of threonine 221 in salt-inducible kinase 3. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad136. [PMID: 37477881 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep need drives sleep and plays a key role in homeostatic regulation of sleep. So far sleep need can only be inferred by animal behaviors and indicated by electroencephalography (EEG). Here we report that phosphorylation of threonine (T) 221 of the salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) increased the catalytic activity and stability of SIK3. T221 phosphorylation in the mouse brain indicates sleep need: more sleep resulting in less phosphorylation and less sleep more phosphorylation during daily sleep/wake cycle and after sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep need was reduced in SIK3 loss of function (LOF) mutants and by T221 mutation to alanine (T221A). Rebound after SD was also decreased in SIK3 LOF and T221A mutant mice. By contrast, SIK1 and SIK2 do not satisfy criteria to be both an indicator and a controller of sleep need. Our results reveal SIK3-T221 phosphorylation as a chemical modification which indicates and controls sleep need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chengang Li
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingqun Yang
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao V Wang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Meilin Song
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
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43
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Brown MP, Verma S, Palmer I, Zuniga AG, Rosensweig C, Keles MF, Wu MN. A subclass of evening cells promotes the switch from arousal to sleep at dusk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555147. [PMID: 37693540 PMCID: PMC10491161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Animals exhibit rhythmic patterns of behavior that are shaped by an internal circadian clock and the external environment. While light intensity varies across the day, there are particularly robust differences at twilight (dawn/dusk). These periods are also associated with major changes in behavioral states, such as the transition from arousal to sleep. However, the neural mechanisms by which time and environmental conditions promote these behavioral transitions are poorly defined. Here, we show that the E1 subclass of Drosophila evening clock neurons promotes the transition from arousal to sleep at dusk. We first demonstrate that the cell-autonomous clocks of E2 neurons alone are required to drive and adjust the phase of evening anticipation, the canonical behavior associated with "evening" clock neurons. We next show that conditionally silencing E1 neurons causes a significant delay in sleep onset after dusk. However, rather than simply promoting sleep, activating E1 neurons produces time- and light- dependent effects on behavior. Activation of E1 neurons has no effect early in the day, but then triggers arousal before dusk and induces sleep after dusk. Strikingly, these phenotypes critically depend on the presence of light during the day. Despite their influence on behavior around dusk, in vivo voltage imaging of E1 neurons reveals that their spiking rate does not vary between dawn and dusk. Moreover, E1-specific clock ablation has no effect on arousal or sleep. Thus, we suggest that, rather than specifying "evening" time, E1 neurons act, in concert with other rhythmic neurons, to promote behavioral transitions at dusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Shubha Verma
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Isabelle Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | | | - Clark Rosensweig
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, U.S.A
| | - Mehmet F. Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Mark N. Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
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44
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Cattabriga G, Giordani G, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V. Effect of aminergic signaling on the humoral innate immunity response of Drosophila. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1249205. [PMID: 37693001 PMCID: PMC10483126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1249205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines are crucial signaling molecules that modulate various physiological life functions both in vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, these neurotransmitters influence the innate and adaptive immunity systems. In this work, we analyzed whether the aminergic neurotransmission of dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine could have an impact on the humoral innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. This is a powerful model system widely used to uncover the insect innate immunity mechanisms which are also conserved in mammals. We found that the neurotransmission of all these amines positively modulates the Toll-responsive antimicrobial peptide (AMP) drosomycin (drs) gene in adult flies infected with the Micrococcus luteus bacterium. Indeed, we showed that either blocking the neurotransmission in their specific aminergic neurons by expressing shibirets (Shits) or silencing the vesicular monoamine transporter gene (dVMAT) by RNAi caused a significantly reduced expression of the Toll-responsive drs gene. However, upon M. luteus infection, the block of aminergic transmission did not alter the expression of AMP attacin genes responding to the immune deficiency (Imd) and Toll pathways. Overall, our results not only reveal a neuroimmune function for biogenic amines in humoral immunity but also further highlight the complexity of the network controlling AMP gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattabriga
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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45
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Wang M, Ho MS. Profiling neurotransmitter-evoked glial responses by RNA-sequencing analysis. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1252759. [PMID: 37645568 PMCID: PMC10461064 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1252759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental properties of neurons and glia are distinctively different. Neurons are excitable cells that transmit information, whereas glia have long been considered as passive bystanders. Recently, the concept of tripartite synapse is proposed that glia are structurally and functionally incorporated into the synapse, the basic unit of information processing in the brains. It has then become intriguing how glia actively communicate with the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments to influence the signal transmission. Here we present a thorough analysis at the transcriptional level on how glia respond to different types of neurotransmitters. Adult fly glia were purified from brains incubated with different types of neurotransmitters ex vivo. Subsequent RNA-sequencing analyses reveal distinct and overlapping patterns for these transcriptomes. Whereas Acetylcholine (ACh) and Glutamate (Glu) more vigorously activate glial gene expression, GABA retains its inhibitory effect. All neurotransmitters fail to trigger a significant change in the expression of their synthesis enzymes, yet Glu triggers increased expression of neurotransmitter receptors including its own and nAChRs. Expressions of transporters for GABA and Glutamate are under diverse controls from DA, GABA, and Glu, suggesting that the evoked intracellular pathways by these neurotransmitters are interconnected. Furthermore, changes in the expression of genes involved in calcium signaling also functionally predict the change in the glial activity. Finally, neurotransmitters also trigger a general metabolic suppression in glia except the DA, which upregulates a number of genes involved in transporting nutrients and amino acids. Our findings fundamentally dissect the transcriptional change in glia facing neuronal challenges; these results provide insights on how glia and neurons crosstalk in a synaptic context and underlie the mechanism of brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret S. Ho
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Tanaka R, Zhou B, Agrochao M, Badwan BA, Au B, Matos NCB, Clark DA. Neural mechanisms to incorporate visual counterevidence in self motion estimation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.522814. [PMID: 36711843 PMCID: PMC9881891 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In selecting appropriate behaviors, animals should weigh sensory evidence both for and against specific beliefs about the world. For instance, animals measure optic flow to estimate and control their own rotation. However, existing models of flow detection can confuse the movement of external objects with genuine self motion. Here, we show that stationary patterns on the retina, which constitute negative evidence against self rotation, are used by the fruit fly Drosophila to suppress inappropriate stabilizing rotational behavior. In silico experiments show that artificial neural networks optimized to distinguish self and world motion similarly detect stationarity and incorporate negative evidence. Employing neural measurements and genetic manipulations, we identified components of the circuitry for stationary pattern detection, which runs parallel to the fly's motion- and optic flow-detectors. Our results exemplify how the compact brain of the fly incorporates negative evidence to improve heading stability, exploiting geometrical constraints of the visual world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tanaka
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Present Address: Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Margarida Agrochao
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Bara A. Badwan
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Braedyn Au
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Natalia C. B. Matos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Damon A. Clark
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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47
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Hao H, Song L, Zhang L. Wolfram syndrome 1 regulates sleep in dopamine receptor neurons by modulating calcium homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010827. [PMID: 37399203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disruptions are quite common in psychological disorders, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) is an autosomal recessive disease mainly characterized by diabetes insipidus/mellitus, neurodegeneration and psychological disorders. It is caused by loss-of function mutations of the WOLFRAM SYNDROME 1 (WFS1) gene, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein. Heterozygous mutation carriers do not develop WS1 but exhibit 26-fold higher risk of having psychological disorders. Since WS1 patients display sleep abnormalities, we aimed to explore the role of WFS1 in sleep regulation so as to help elucidate the cause of sleep disruptions in psychological disorders. We found in Drosophila that knocking down wfs1 in all neurons and wfs1 mutation lead to reduced sleep and dampened circadian rhythm. These phenotypes are mainly caused by lack of wfs1 in dopamine 2-like receptor (Dop2R) neurons which act to promote wake. Consistently, the influence of wfs1 on sleep is blocked or partially rescued by inhibiting or knocking down the rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis, suggesting that wfs1 modulates sleep via dopaminergic signaling. Knocking down wfs1 alters the excitability of Dop2R neurons, while genetic interactions reveal that lack of wfs1 reduces sleep via perturbation of ER-mediated calcium homeostasis. Taken together, we propose a role for wfs1 in modulating the activities of Dop2R neurons by impinging on intracellular calcium homeostasis, and this in turn influences sleep. These findings provide a potential mechanistic insight for pathogenesis of diseases associated with WFS1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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48
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González-Segarra AJ, Pontes G, Jourjine N, Del Toro A, Scott K. Hunger- and thirst-sensing neurons modulate a neuroendocrine network to coordinate sugar and water ingestion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535891. [PMID: 37066363 PMCID: PMC10104137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of food and water is tightly regulated by the nervous system to maintain internal nutrient homeostasis. Although generally considered independently, interactions between hunger and thirst drives are important to coordinate competing needs. In Drosophila , four neurons called the Interoceptive Subesophageal zone Neurons (ISNs) respond to intrinsic hunger and thirst signals to oppositely regulate sucrose and water ingestion. Here, we investigate the neural circuit downstream of the ISNs to examine how ingestion is regulated based on internal needs. Utilizing the recently available fly brain connectome, we find that the ISNs synapse with a novel cell type Bilateral T-shaped neuron (BiT) that projects to neuroendocrine centers. In vivo neural manipulations revealed that BiT oppositely regulates sugar and water ingestion. Neuroendocrine cells downstream of ISNs include several peptide-releasing and peptide-sensing neurons, including insulin producing cells (IPC), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons, and CCHamide-2 receptor isoform RA (CCHa2R-RA) neurons. These neurons contribute differentially to ingestion of sugar and water, with IPCs and CCAP neurons oppositely regulating sugar and water ingestion, and CCHa2R-RA neurons modulating only water ingestion. Thus, the decision to consume sugar or water occurs via regulation of a broad peptidergic network that integrates internal signals of nutritional state to generate nutrient-specific ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Pontes
- University of California, Berkeley, United States
- present address: IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas Jourjine
- University of California, Berkeley, United States
- present address: Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alexander Del Toro
- University of California, Berkeley, United States
- present address: Brown University, Rhode Island, United States
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Oikawa I, Kondo S, Hashimoto K, Yoshida A, Hamajima M, Tanimoto H, Furukubo-Tokunaga K, Honjo K. A descending inhibitory mechanism of nociception mediated by an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide system in Drosophila. eLife 2023; 12:RP85760. [PMID: 37310871 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociception is a neural process that animals have developed to avoid potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. While nociception is triggered in the peripheral nervous system, its modulation by the central nervous system is a critical process in mammals, whose dysfunction has been extensively implicated in chronic pain pathogenesis. The peripheral mechanisms of nociception are largely conserved across the animal kingdom. However, it is unclear whether the brain-mediated modulation is also conserved in non-mammalian species. Here, we show that Drosophila has a descending inhibitory mechanism of nociception from the brain, mediated by the neuropeptide Drosulfakinin (DSK), a homolog of cholecystokinin (CCK) that plays an important role in the descending control of nociception in mammals. We found that mutants lacking dsk or its receptors are hypersensitive to noxious heat. Through a combination of genetic, behavioral, histological, and Ca2+ imaging analyses, we subsequently revealed neurons involved in DSK-mediated nociceptive regulation at a single-cell resolution and identified a DSKergic descending neuronal pathway that inhibits nociception. This study provides the first evidence for a descending modulatory mechanism of nociception from the brain in a non-mammalian species that is mediated by the evolutionarily conserved CCK system, raising the possibility that the descending inhibition is an ancient mechanism to regulate nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Oikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kao Hashimoto
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiho Yoshida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Megumi Hamajima
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Ken Honjo
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Gong J, Nirala NK, Chen J, Wang F, Gu P, Wen Q, Ip YT, Xiang Y. TrpA1 is a shear stress mechanosensing channel regulating intestinal stem cell proliferation in Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9660. [PMID: 37224252 PMCID: PMC10208578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are essential for tissue maintenance and repair. Although genetic pathways for controlling adult stem cells are extensively investigated in various tissues, much less is known about how mechanosensing could regulate adult stem cells and tissue growth. Here, we demonstrate that shear stress sensing regulates intestine stem cell proliferation and epithelial cell number in adult Drosophila. Ca2+ imaging in ex vivo midguts shows that shear stress, but not other mechanical forces, specifically activates enteroendocrine cells among all epithelial cell types. This activation is mediated by transient receptor potential A1 (TrpA1), a Ca2+-permeable channel expressed in enteroendocrine cells. Furthermore, specific disruption of shear stress, but not chemical, sensitivity of TrpA1 markedly reduces proliferation of intestinal stem cells and midgut cell number. Therefore, we propose that shear stress may act as a natural mechanical stimulation to activate TrpA1 in enteroendocrine cells, which, in turn, regulates intestine stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Niraj K. Nirala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pengyu Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Wen
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Y. Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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