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Liu W, Zhang R, Feng H, Luo J, Zhu H. Increased expression of Nav1.6 of reactive astrocytes in the globus pallidus is closely associated with motor deficits in a model of Parkinson's disease. Glia 2023; 71:2850-2865. [PMID: 37572007 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, which is characterized by motor disabilities in PD patients. Nav1.6 is the most abundant subtype of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in the brain of adult mammals and rodents. Here we investigated the role of Nav1.6 in the external globus pallidus (GP) involved in the pathogenesis of motor deficits in unilateral 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine)lesioned rats. The results show that Nav1.6 is dramatically increased in reactive astrocytes of the ipsilateral GP in the middle stage, but not different from the control rats in the later stage of the pathological process in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Furthermore, the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP can significantly improve motor deficits in 6-OHDA lesioned rats in the middle stage of the pathological process. The electrophysiological experiments show that the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP significantly decreases the abnormal high synchronization between the ipsilateral M1 (the primary motor cortex) and GP in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Ca2+ imaging reveals that the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression reduces the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i) in primary cultured astrocytes. These findings suggest that the increased Nav1.6 expression of reactive astrocytes in the GP play an important role in the pathogenesis of motor dysfunction in the middle stage in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, which may participate in astrocyte-neuron communication by regulating [Ca2+ ]i of astrocytes, thereby contributing to the formation of abnormal electrical signals of the basal ganglia (BG) in 6-OHDA lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitang Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renxing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Selected polyoxopalladates as promising and selective antitumor drug candidates. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:957-971. [PMID: 34549367 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxo-noble-metalates (PONMs), a class of molecular noble metal-oxo nanoclusters that combine features of both polyoxometalates and noble metals, are a promising platform for the development of next-generation antitumor metallodrugs. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor potential against human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), as well as toxicity towards healthy human peripheral blood cells (HPBCs), of five polyoxopalladates(II): (Na8[Pd13As8O34(OH)6]·42H2O (Pd13), Na4[SrPd12O6(OH)3(PhAsO3)6(OAc)3]·2NaOAc·32H2O (SrPd12), Na6[Pd13(AsPh)8O32]·23H2O (Pd13L), Na12[SnO8Pd12(PO4)8]·43H2O (SnPd12), and Na12[PbO8Pd12(PO4)8]·38H2O (PbPd12)), as the largest subset of PONMs. A pure inorganic, Pd13, was found as the most potent and selective antineuroblastoma agent with IC50 values (µM) of 7.2 ± 2.2 and 4.4 ± 1.2 for 24 and 48 h treatment, respectively, even lower than cisplatin (28.4 ± 7.4 and 11.6 ± 0.8). The obtained IC50 values (µM) for 24/48 h treatment with SrPd12 and Pd13L were 75.8 ± 6.7/76.7 ± 22.9 and 63.8 ± 3.6/21.4 ± 10.8, respectively, whereas SnPd12 and PbPd12 did not remarkably affect the SH-SY5Y viability (IC50 > > 100 µM). Pd13 caused depolarisation of inner mitochondrial membrane prior to superoxide ion hyperproduction, followed by caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest, all hallmarks of apoptotic cell death, and accompanied by an increase in acidic vesicles content, suggestive of autophagy induction. Importantly, Pd13 demonstrated the antitumor effect at concentrations not cytogenotoxic for normal HPBCs. On the contrary, SrPd12 and Pd13L at concentrations ≥ 1/3 IC50 (24 h) decreased HPBC viability and increased % tail DNA up to 42% and 3.05 times, respectively, related to control. SnPd12 and PbPd12, previously confirmed promising antileukemic agents, did not exhibit cytogenotoxicity to HPBCs, and thus could be regarded as tumor cell specific and selective drug candidates.
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:38-55. [PMID: 32092410 PMCID: PMC8274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Tosic J, Stanojevic Z, Vidicevic S, Isakovic A, Ciric D, Martinovic T, Kravic-Stevovic T, Bumbasirevic V, Paunovic V, Jovanovic S, Todorovic-Markovic B, Markovic Z, Danko M, Micusik M, Spitalsky Z, Trajkovic V. Graphene quantum dots inhibit T cell-mediated neuroinflammation in rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:95-108. [PMID: 30471296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic capacity of nano-sized graphene sheets, called graphene quantum dots (GQD), in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) damage. Intraperitoneally administered GQD (10 mg/kg/day) accumulated in the lymph node and CNS cells of Dark Agouti rats in which EAE was induced by immunization with spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. GQD significantly reduced clinical signs of EAE when applied throughout the course of the disease (day 0-32), while the protection was less pronounced if the treatment was limited to the induction (day 0-7 post-immunization) or effector (from day 8 onwards) phase of the disease. GQD treatment diminished immune infiltration, demyelination, axonal damage, and apoptotic death in the CNS of EAE animals. GQD also reduced the numbers of interferon-γ-expressing T helper (Th)1 cells, as well as the expression of Th1 transcription factor T-bet and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the lymph nodes and CNS immune infitrates. The protective effect of GQD in EAE was associated with the activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Akt in the lymph nodes and/or CNS. Finally, GQD protected oligodendrocytes and neurons from T cell-mediated damage in the in vitro conditions. Collectively, these data demonstrate the ability of GQD to gain access to both immune and CNS cells during neuroinflammation, and to alleviate immune-mediated CNS damage by modulating MAPK/Akt signaling and encephalitogenic Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Tosic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasenka Vidicevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Ciric
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic-Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Bumbasirevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Zoran Markovic
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Micusik
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Spitalsky
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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5
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Kaddour H, Hamdi Y, Amri F, Bahdoudi S, Bouannee I, Leprince J, Zekri S, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Vaudry D, Amri M, Mezghani S, Masmoudi-Kouki O. Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Activity of Octadecaneuropeptide Against 6-OHDA Toxicity in Cultured Rat Astrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 69:1-16. [PMID: 30343367 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, promotes ROS generation, impairs cellular antioxidant defenses, and finally, triggers both neurons and astroglial cell death by apoptosis. Astrocytes specifically synthesize and release endozepines, a family of regulatory peptides, including the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN). We have previously reported that ODN acts as a potent neuroprotective agent that prevents 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic neuronal death. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential glioprotective effect of ODN on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and cell death in cultured rat astrocytes. Incubation of astrocytes with graded concentrations of ODN (10-14 to 10-8 M) inhibited 6-OHDA-evoked cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, ODN prevented the decrease of mitochondrial activity and caspase-3 activation induced by 6-OHDA. 6-OHDA-treated cells also exhibited enhanced levels of ROS associated with a generation of H2O2 and O2°-, and a reduction of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Co-treatment of astrocytes with low concentrations of ODN dose-dependently blocked 6-OHDA-evoked production of ROS and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities. Concomitantly, ODN stimulated Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase-1, and sulfiredoxin-1 gene transcription and rescued 6-OHDA-associated reduced expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Taken together, these data indicate that, in rat astrocytes, ODN exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative activities, and hence prevents 6-OHDA-induced oxidative assault and cell death. ODN is thus a potential candidate to delay neuronal damages in various pathological conditions involving oxidative neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadhemi Kaddour
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.,CIRB, CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, PSL University, Labex MemoLife, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute and Center of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Yosra Hamdi
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Amri
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Seyma Bahdoudi
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.,UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Ibtissem Bouannee
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.,UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sami Zekri
- USCR Transmission Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.,UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Vaudry
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.,UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Mezghani
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomelcules Valorisation, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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6
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Misirlić Denčić S, Poljarević J, Isakovic AM, Marković I, Sabo TJ, Grgurić-Šipka S. Antileukemic action of novel diamine Pt(II) halogenido complexes: Comparison of the representative novel Pt(II) with corresponding Pt(IV) complex. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:262-271. [PMID: 28102932 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and antitumor action of five new Pt(II) halogenido, chlorido, and iodido complexes with edda type of ligands. (S,S)-Ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoic acid dihydrochloride and its methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl esters were prepared according to the previously reported procedure. All investigated complexes were characterized by IR, ESI-MS (1 H, 13 C, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Their cytotoxic action was investigated in four human tumor cell lines: promyelocytic (HL-60) and lymphocytic (REH) leukemia, glioma (U251), and lung carcinoma (H460). Cell viability was assessed by acid phosphatase and LDH assay, while oxidative stress and cell death parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that novel Pt(II) complexes exhibited antitumor action superior to precursor ligands, with iodido complexes being more efficient than corresponding chlorido complexes. Human promyelocytic cell line (HL-60) was the most sensitive to antitumor action of all investigated substances and was used for investigation of the underlying mode of antileukemic action. The investigated Pt(II) complexes showed more potent antileukemic action than corresponding Pt(IV) complex, through induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, evidenced by caspase (8, 9, and 3) activation and phosphatidylserine externalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Misirlić Denčić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andjelka M Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Marković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tibor J Sabo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Disrupted brain metabolic connectivity in a 6-OHDA-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease examined using persistent homology-based analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33875. [PMID: 27650055 PMCID: PMC5030651 DOI: 10.1038/srep33875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the consequent disruption of connectivity in the cortico-striatal-thalamic loop. This study evaluated brain metabolic connectivity in a 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced mouse model of PD using 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). Fourteen PD-model mice and ten control mice were used for the analysis. Voxel-wise t-tests on FDG PET results yielded no significant regional metabolic differences between the PD and control groups. However, the PD group showed lower correlations between the right caudoputamen and the left caudoputamen and right visual cortex. Further network analyses based on the threshold-free persistent homology framework revealed that brain networks were globally disrupted in the PD group, especially between the right auditory cortex and bilateral cortical structures and the left caudoputamen. In conclusion, regional glucose metabolism of PD was preserved, but the metabolic connectivity of the cortico-striatal-thalamic loop was globally impaired in PD.
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8
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Jiang H, Wang J, Rogers J, Xie J. Brain Iron Metabolism Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3078-3101. [PMID: 27039308 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of iron metabolism, which includes its uptake, storage, and release, plays a key role in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Understanding how iron accumulates in the substantia nigra (SN) and why it specifically targets dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is particularly warranted for PD, as this knowledge may provide new therapeutic avenues for a more targeted neurotherapeutic strategy for this disease. In this review, we begin with a brief introduction describing brain iron metabolism and its regulation. We then provide a detailed description of how iron accumulates specifically in the SN and why DAergic neurons are especially vulnerable to iron in PD. Furthermore, we focus on the possible mechanisms involved in iron-induced cell death of DAergic neurons in the SN. Finally, we present evidence in support that iron chelation represents a plausable therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jack Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatric Neurosciences and Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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9
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Takarada T, Kou M, Hida M, Fukumori R, Nakamura S, Kutsukake T, Kuramoto N, Hinoi E, Yoneda Y. Protective upregulation of activating transcription factor-3 against glutamate neurotoxicity in neuronal cells under ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:378-88. [PMID: 26900013 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the pathological role of the stress sensor activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) in ischemic neurotoxicity. Upregulation of the transcript and protein for ATF3 was seen 2-10 hr after reperfusion in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere of mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hr. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of ATF3 by cells immunoreactive for a neuronal marker in neocortex, hippocampus, and striatum within 2 hr after reperfusion. In murine neocortical neurons previously cultured under ischemic conditions for 2 hr, transient upregulation of both Atf3 and ATF3 expression was similarly found during subsequent culture for 2-24 hr under normoxia. Lentiviral overexpression of ATF3 ameliorated the neurotoxicity of glutamate (Glu) in cultured murine neurons along with a slight but statistically significant inhibition of both Fluo-3 and rhodamine-2 fluorescence increases by N-methyl-D-aspartate. Similarly, transient upregulation was seen in Atf3 and ATF3 expression during the culture for 48 hr in neuronal Neuro2A cells previously cultured under ischemic conditions for 2 hr. Luciferase reporter analysis with ATF3 promoter together with immunoblotting revealed the possible involvement of several transcription factors responsive to extracellular and intracellular stressors in the transactivation of the Atf3 gene in Neuro2A cells. ATF3 could be upregulated to play a role in mechanisms underlying mitigation of the neurotoxicity mediated by the endogenous neurotoxin Glu at an early stage after ischemic signal inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takarada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Kou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Miho Hida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukumori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Saki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takaya Kutsukake
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kuramoto
- Department of Toxicology, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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10
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Todorović T, Grubišić S, Pregelj M, Jagodič M, Misirlić‐Denčić S, Dulović M, Marković I, Klisurić O, Malešević A, Mitić D, Anđelković K, Filipović N. Structural, Magnetic, DFT, and Biological Studies of Mononuclear and Dinuclear Cu
II
Complexes with Bidentate N‐Heteroaromatic Schiff Base Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Todorović
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Grubišić
- Center for Chemistry, IHTM, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Matej Pregelj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jagodič
- Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Misirlić‐Denčić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Dulović
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Marković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Klisurić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Malešević
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Mitić
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Anđelković
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, http://www.agrif.bg.ac.rs/profiles/view/242
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11
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Structurally engineered anodic alumina nanotubes as nano-carriers for delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5517-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Savić A, Misirlić-Denčić S, Dulović M, Mihajlović-Lalić LE, Jovanović M, Grgurić-Šipka S, Marković I, Sabo TJ. Synthesis, characterization and ROS-mediated cytotoxic action of novel (S,S)-1,3-propanediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoic acid and corresponding esters. Bioorg Chem 2014; 54:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Biological activity of two isomeric N-heteroaromatic selenosemicarbazones and their metal complexes. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Tovilovic G, Zogovic N, Soskic V, Schrattenholz A, Kostic-Rajacic S, Misirkic-Marjanovic M, Janjetovic K, Vucicevic L, Arsikin K, Harhaji-Trajkovic L, Trajkovic V. Arylpiperazine-mediated activation of Akt protects SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptotic and autophagic death. Neuropharmacology 2013; 72:224-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Coleman MD, O'Neil JD, Woehrling EK, Ndunge OBA, Hill EJ, Menache A, Reiss CJ. A preliminary investigation into the impact of a pesticide combination on human neuronal and glial cell lines in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42768. [PMID: 22880100 PMCID: PMC3411844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pesticides are used increasingly in combinations during crop protection and their stability ensures the presence of such combinations in foodstuffs. The effects of three fungicides, pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and fludioxonil, were investigated together and separately on U251 and SH-SY5Y cells, which can be representative of human CNS glial and neuronal cells respectively. Over 48h, all three agents showed significant reductions in cellular ATP, at concentrations that were more than tenfold lower than those which significantly impaired cellular viability. The effects on energy metabolism were reflected in their marked toxic effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, evidence of oxidative stress was seen in terms of a fall in cellular thiols coupled with increases in the expression of enzymes associated with reactive species formation, such as GSH peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The glial cell line showed significant responsiveness to the toxin challenge in terms of changes in antioxidant gene expression, although the neuronal SH-SY5Y line exhibited greater vulnerability to toxicity, which was reflected in significant increases in caspase-3 expression, which is indicative of the initiation of apoptosis. Cyprodinil was the most toxic agent individually, although oxidative stress-related enzyme gene expression increases appeared to demonstrate some degree of synergy in the presence of the combination of agents. This report suggests that the impact of some pesticides, both individually and in combinations, merits further study in terms of their impact on human cellular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Coleman
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John D. O'Neil
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eric J. Hill
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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16
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Misirlic Dencic S, Poljarevic J, Vilimanovich U, Bogdanovic A, Isakovic AJ, Kravic Stevovic T, Dulovic M, Zogovic N, Isakovic AM, Grguric-Sipka S, Bumbasirevic V, Sabo T, Trajkovic V, Markovic I. Cyclohexyl Analogues of Ethylenediamine Dipropanoic Acid Induce Caspase-Independent Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Human Leukemic Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:931-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx3000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Misirlic Dencic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Urosh Vilimanovich
- Institute of Histology and Embryology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrija Bogdanovic
- Clinic
of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra J. Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Dulovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Zogovic
- Institute for Biological Research
“Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjelka M. Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vladimir Bumbasirevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tibor Sabo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute
of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Markovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Janjetovic K, Vucicevic L, Misirkic M, Vilimanovich U, Tovilovic G, Zogovic N, Nikolic Z, Jovanovic S, Bumbasirevic V, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. Metformin reduces cisplatin-mediated apoptotic death of cancer cells through AMPK-independent activation of Akt. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 651:41-50. [PMID: 21114978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug with anticancer properties, which mainly acts through induction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In the present study we investigated the influence of metformin on the in vitro anticancer activity of the well-known chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Cell viability was determined by MTT and LDH release assay, oxidative stress and apoptosis (caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine exposure) were assessed by flow cytometry, while activation of AMPK and Akt was analyzed by immunoblotting. Although metformin reduced the number of tumour cells when applied alone, it surprisingly antagonized the cytotoxicity of cisplatin towards U251 human glioma, C6 rat glioma, SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma, L929 mouse fibrosarcoma and HL-60 human leukemia cell lines. Only in B16 mouse melanoma cells metformin augmented the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. In U251 glioma cells metformin suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through inhibition of oxidative stress and caspase activation. The observed cytoprotection was apparently AMPK-independent, as metformin did not further increase cisplatin-induced AMPK activation in U251 cells and other pharmacological AMPK activators failed to block cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. On the other hand, metformin induced Akt activation in cisplatin-treated cells and Akt inhibitor 10-DEBC hydrochloride or phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt inhibitor LY294002 abolished metformin-mediated antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. In conclusion, the antidiabetic drug metformin reduces cisplatin in vitro anticancer activity through AMPK-independent upregulation of Akt survival pathway. These data warrant caution when considering metformin for treatment of diabetic cancer patients receiving cisplatin or as a potential adjuvant in cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Janjetovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Markovic ZM, Harhaji-Trajkovic LM, Todorovic-Markovic BM, Kepić DP, Arsikin KM, Jovanović SP, Pantovic AC, Dramićanin MD, Trajkovic VS. In vitro comparison of the photothermal anticancer activity of graphene nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1121-9. [PMID: 21071083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the photothermal anticancer activity of near-infrared (NIR)-excited graphene nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNT). Despite lower NIR-absorbing capacity, suspension of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated graphene sheets exposed to NIR radiation (808 nm, 2 W/cm(2)) generated more heat than DNA or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate-solubilized single-wall CNT under the same conditions. Accordingly, graphene nanoparticles performed significantly better than CNT in inducing photothermal death of U251 human glioma cells in vitro. The superior photothermal sensitivity of graphene sheets could be largely explained by their better dispersivity, which has been supported by a simple calculation taking into account thermodynamic, optical and geometrical properties of the two type of carbon nanoparticles. The mechanisms of graphene-mediated photothermal killing of cancer cells apparently involved oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane depolarization resulting in mixed apoptotic and necrotic cell death characterized by caspase activation/DNA fragmentation and cell membrane damage, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran M Markovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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19
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Nakamichi N, Fukumori R, Takarada T, Kambe Y, Yamamoto T, Matsushima N, Moriguchi N, Yoneda Y. Preferential inhibition by antidiarrheic 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol of Ca(2+) influx across acquired N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels composed of NR1/NR2B subunit assembly. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:2483-93. [PMID: 20623618 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, particular phenolic ingredients, such as 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (2M4MP), of the antidiarrheic drug wood creosote significantly prevented cell death by both hydrogen peroxide and glutamate in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. In this study, we further evaluated the pharmacological properties of 2M4MP on Ca(2+) influx across native and acquired N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) channels. The addition of 2M4MP significantly prevented the loss of cellular viability and the increase in intracellular free Ca(2+) levels as determined by Fluo-3 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons briefly exposed to NMDA. Brief exposure to NMDA also led to a marked increase in mitochondrial free Ca(2+) levels determined by Rhod-2, in addition to intracellular free Ca(2+) levels, in HEK293 cells expressing either NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B subunit channels. The further addition of the general NMDAR channel blocker dizocilpine similarly inhibited the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) levels by NMDA in both types of acquired NMDAR channels, whereas the NR2B subunit selective antagonist ifenprodil drastically inhibited the increase by NMDA in HEK293 cells expressing NR1/NR2B, but not NR1/NR2A, subunits. Similarly, 2M4MP significantly and selectively inhibited the NMDA-induced influx of Ca(2+) across acquired NR1/NR2B channels in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, prior daily oral administration of 2M4MP significantly reduced the infarct volume in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion 1 day after reperfusion. These results suggest that 2M4MP may protect neurons from excitotoxicity through preferential inhibition of Ca(2+) influx across NMDAR channels composed of NR1/NR2B subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Nakamichi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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20
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Fukumori R, Nakamichi N, Takarada T, Kambe Y, Matsushima N, Moriguchi N, Yoneda Y. Inhibition by 2-Methoxy-4-ethylphenol of Ca2+ Influx Through Acquired and Native N-Methyl-D-aspartate–Receptor Channels. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112:273-81. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09294fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Matsushima N, Nakamichi N, Kambe Y, Takano K, Moriguchi N, Yoneda Y. Cytoprotective properties of phenolic antidiarrheic ingredients in cultured astrocytes and neurons of rat brains. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 567:59-66. [PMID: 17475240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that particular phenolic antidiarrheic ingredients, including 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (2M4MP) and 2-methoxy-4-ethyphenol (2M4EP), but not 2-methoxyphenol (2MP), significantly inhibit cellular maturation and differentiation of the bone-resorbing osteoclasts with concomitant protection of the bone-forming osteoblasts against oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In the present study, we evaluated the pharmacological actions of these three major phenolic antidiarrheic ingredients on the cellular viability in cultured astrocytes and neurons of the rat brain in vitro. Both 2M4MP and 2M4EP induced more efficient prevention of cell death induced by the brief exposure to 0.1 mM H(2)O(2) for 2 h than 2MP upon simultaneous exposure in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Similarly, both 2M4MP and 2M4EP were more effective than 2MP in significantly protecting the cytotoxicity by brief exposure to 0.1 mM H(2)O(2) for 6 h in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, with concomitant suppression of the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in neurons exposed to H(2)O(2). Moreover, the three ingredients not only significantly prevented cell death in hippocampal neurons exposed to 0.1 mM glutamate for 1 h when determined 48 h after the brief exposure, but also inhibited the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) ions in neurons exposed to glutamate. These results suggest that particular phenolic antidiarrheic ingredients may prevent cell death through a mechanism related to diminution of the neurotoxicity of glutamate in neurons, in addition to eliciting cytoprotection against oxidative stress in astrocytes and neurons, in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Matsushima
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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22
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Hemdan S, Almazan G. Deficient peroxide detoxification underlies the susceptibility of oligodendrocyte progenitors to dopamine toxicity. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1385-95. [PMID: 17400258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitors are highly susceptible to oxidative stress due to their limited content of antioxidants and high iron levels. We previously showed that iron plays a central role in the toxicity of dopamine (DA) to oligodendrocyte progenitors. Here, we further explore the mechanisms involved in DA toxicity, specifically the role of superoxide and the glutathione system. DA induces accumulation of superoxide, membrane damage and loss in cell viability. An iron chelator, deferoxamine, reduces superoxide accumulation. However, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTBAP, potentiates DA toxicity, suggesting that superoxide plays an indirect role in toxicity through dismutation to H2O2. In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Moreover, a mimetic of the peroxide-scavenging enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ebselen, blocks caspase-3 activation induced by DA alone or in combination with iron. In conclusion, superoxide and inadequate defense by glutathione and GPx are responsible for the susceptibility of oligodendrocyte progenitors to DA toxicity. Furthermore, peroxides play a primary role in toxicity induced by DA and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Hemdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1321, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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23
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De Lago E, Gustafsson SB, Fernández-Ruiz J, Nilsson J, Jacobsson SOP, Fowler CJ. Acyl-based anandamide uptake inhibitors cause rapid toxicity to C6 glioma cells at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. J Neurochem 2006; 99:677-88. [PMID: 16899063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compounds blocking the uptake of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) have been used to explore the functions of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the CNS both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, the effects of four commonly used acyl-based uptake inhibitors [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)arachidonylamide (AM404), N-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) arachidonoyl amide (VDM11), (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(3-furanylmethyl)-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide (UCM707) and (9Z)-N-[1-((R)-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-9-octadecen-amide (OMDM2)] and the related compound arvanil on C6 glioma cell viability were investigated. All five compounds reduced the ability of the cells to accumulate calcein, reduced the total nucleic acid content and increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase recovered in the cell medium. AM404 (10 microm) and VDM11 (10 microm) acted rapidly, reducing cell viability after 3 h of exposure when cell densities of 5,000 per well were used. In contrast, UCM707 (30 microm), OMDM2 (10 microm) and the related compound arvanil (10 microm) produced a more slowly developing effect on cell viability, although robust effects were seen after 6-9 h of exposure. At higher cell densities, the toxicities of AM404 and UCM707 were reduced. Comparison of the compounds with arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid methyl ester, AEA, arachidonoyl glycine and oleic acid suggested that the toxicity of the arachidonoyl-based compounds was related primarily to the acyl side-chain rather than the head group. A variety of pre-treatments blocking possible metabolic pathways and receptor targets were tested, but the only consistent protective treatment against the effects of these compounds was the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. It is concluded that AM404, VDM11, UCM707 and OMDM2 produce a rapid loss of C6 glioma cell viability over the same concentration range as is required for the inhibition of AEA uptake in vitro, albeit with a longer latency. Such effects should be kept in mind when acyl-derived compounds are used to probe the function of the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, particularly in chronic administration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Lago
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Hemdan S, Almazan G. Iron contributes to dopamine-induced toxicity in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006; 32:428-40. [PMID: 16866988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is potentially toxic to oligodendrocyte progenitors due to its high intracellular levels and its ability to catalyse oxidant-producing reactions. Oxidative stress resulting from a hypoxic-ischaemic insult has been implicated in death of oligodendrocyte progenitors that occurs in the hypomyelinating disorder periventricular leucomalacia. Ischaemic insults induce the release of various neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), and we previously showed that DA is toxic to cultured oligodendrocytes, by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the role of iron in DA-induced cell death in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Intracellular iron levels were altered using an iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), and supplementation with ferrous sulphate (FeSO(4)). Addition of FeSO(4) to cultures increased DA-induced toxicity as assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and cellular release of lactate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, FeSO(4) increased expression of the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear condensation and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, preincubation with DFO reduced these events as well as cleavage of alpha-spectrin, a caspase-3 substrate. In addition, FeSO(4) reversed the protective effect of DFO on DA-induced cytotoxicity, HO-1 expression and caspase-3 activation. These results indicate that elevated levels of free iron contribute to DA-induced toxicity in oligodendrocyte progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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