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Vitureira N, Rafael A, Abudara V. P2X7 receptors and pannexin1 hemichannels shape presynaptic transmission. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:223-236. [PMID: 37713157 PMCID: PMC11189373 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, since the discovery of ATP as a transmitter, accumulating evidence has been reported about the role of this nucleotide and purinergic receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors, in the modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity. Purinergic signaling has emerged as a crucial player in orchestrating the molecular interaction between the components of the tripartite synapse, and much progress has been made in how this neuron-glia interaction impacts neuronal physiology under basal and pathological conditions. On the other hand, pannexin1 hemichannels, which are functionally linked to P2X7 receptors, have appeared more recently as important modulators of excitatory synaptic function and plasticity under diverse contexts. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ATP, P2X7 receptors, and pannexin hemichannels to the modulation of presynaptic strength and its impact on motor function, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, and neuroglial communication, with special focus on the P2X7 receptor/pannexin hemichannel interplay. We also address major hypotheses about the role of this interaction in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vitureira
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alberto Rafael
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Abudara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Alveal M, Méndez A, García A, Henríquez M. Purinergic regulation of pulmonary vascular tone. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10010-5. [PMID: 38713328 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a crucial determinant in the regulation of pulmonary vascular physiology and presents a promising avenue for addressing lung diseases. This intricate signaling system encompasses two primary receptor classes: P1 and P2 receptors. P1 receptors selectively bind adenosine, while P2 receptors exhibit an affinity for ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP. Functionally, P1 receptors are associated with vasodilation, while P2 receptors mediate vasoconstriction, particularly in basally relaxed vessels, through modulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. The P2X subtype receptors facilitate extracellular Ca2+ influx, while the P2Y subtype receptors are linked to endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. Notably, the primary receptor responsible for ATP-induced vasoconstriction is P2X1, with α,β-meATP and UDP being identified as potent vasoconstrictor agonists. Interestingly, ATP has been shown to induce endothelium-dependent vasodilation in pre-constricted vessels, associated with nitric oxide (NO) release. In the context of P1 receptors, adenosine stimulation of pulmonary vessels has been unequivocally demonstrated to induce vasodilation, with a clear dependency on the A2B receptor, as evidenced in studies involving guinea pigs and rats. Importantly, evidence strongly suggests that this vasodilation occurs independently of endothelium-mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, studies have revealed variations in the expression of purinergic receptors across different vessel sizes, with reports indicating notably higher expression of P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors in small pulmonary arteries. While the existing evidence in this area is still emerging, it underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive examination of the specific characteristics of purinergic signaling in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, particularly focusing on the disparities observed across different intrapulmonary vessel sizes. Consequently, this review aims to meticulously explore the current evidence regarding the role of purinergic signaling in pulmonary vascular tone regulation, with a specific emphasis on the variations observed in intrapulmonary vessel sizes. This endeavor is critical, as purinergic signaling holds substantial promise in the modulation of vascular tone and in the proactive prevention and treatment of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alveal
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, 7500975, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Méndez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, 7500975, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Campus Providencia, Sede Santiago, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aline García
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, 7500975, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias,, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henríquez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, 7500975, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Yamamoto K, Kosukegawa S, Kobayashi M. P2X receptor- and postsynaptic NMDA receptor-mediated long-lasting facilitation of inhibitory synapses in the rat insular cortex. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109817. [PMID: 38104767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) changes the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Despite recent progress in terms of the roles of purinergic receptors in cerebrocortical excitatory synaptic transmission, their contribution to inhibitory synaptic transmission is unknown. To elucidate the effects of α,β-methylene ATP (αβ-mATP), a selective agonist of P2X receptors (P2XRs), on inhibitory synaptic transmission in the insular cortex (IC), we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recording from IC pyramidal neurons (PNs) and fast-spiking neurons (FSNs) in either sex of VGAT-Venus transgenic rats. αβ-mATP increased the amplitude of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) under conditions in which NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are recruitable. αβ-mATP-induced facilitation of mIPSCs was sustained even after the washout of αβ-mATP, which was blocked by preincubation with fluorocitrate. The preapplication of NF023 (a P2X1 receptor antagonist) or AF-353 (a P2X3 receptor antagonist) blocked αβ-mATP-induced mIPSC facilitation. Intracellular application of the NMDAR antagonist MK801 blocked the facilitation. d-serine, which is an intrinsic agonist of NMDARs, mimicked αβ-mATP-induced mIPSC facilitation. The intracellular application of BAPTA a Ca2+ chelator, or the bath application of KN-62, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked αβ-mATP-induced mIPSC facilitation, thus indicating that mIPSC facilitation by αβ-mATP required postsynaptic [Ca2+]i elevation through NMDAR activation. Paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from FSNs and PNs demonstrated that αβ-mATP increased the amplitude of unitary IPSCs without changing the paired-pulse ratio. These results suggest that αβ-mATP-induced IPSC facilitation is mediated by postsynaptic NMDAR activations through d-serine released from astrocytes. Subsequent [Ca2+]i increase and postsynaptic CaMKII activation may release retrograde messengers that upregulate GABA release from presynaptic inhibitory neurons, including FSNs. (250/250 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kosukegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
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Lombardi M, Scaroni F, Gabrielli M, Raffaele S, Bonfanti E, Filipello F, Giussani P, Picciolini S, de Rosbo NK, Uccelli A, Golia MT, D’Arrigo G, Rubino T, Hooshmand K, Legido-Quigley C, Fenoglio C, Gualerzi A, Fumagalli M, Verderio C. Extracellular vesicles released by microglia and macrophages carry endocannabinoids which foster oligodendrocyte differentiation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331210. [PMID: 38464529 PMCID: PMC10921360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microglia and macrophages can influence the evolution of myelin lesions through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). While microglial EVs promote in vitro differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), whether EVs derived from macrophages aid or limit OPC maturation is unknown. Methods Immunofluorescence analysis for the myelin protein MBP was employed to evaluate the impact of EVs from primary rat macrophages on cultured OPC differentiation. Raman spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to define the promyelinating lipid components of myelin EVs obtained in vitro and isolated from human plasma. Results and discussion Here we show that macrophage-derived EVs do not promote OPC differentiation, and those released from macrophages polarized towards an inflammatory state inhibit OPC maturation. However, their lipid cargo promotes OPC maturation in a similar manner to microglial EVs. We identify the promyelinating endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in EVs released by both macrophages and microglia in vitro and circulating in human plasma. Analysis of OPC differentiation in the presence of the endocannabinoid receptor antagonists SR141716A and AM630 reveals a key role of vesicular endocannabinoids in OPC maturation. From this study, EV-associated endocannabinoids emerge as important mediators in microglia/macrophage-oligodendrocyte crosstalk, which may be exploited to enhance myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Scaroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffaele
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bonfanti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabia Filipello
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, Italy
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia D’Arrigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV) and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Kourosh Hooshmand
- System Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- System Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Verderio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Medrado AS, Santiago NAS, Moraes ER, Kushmerick C, Naves LA. Long-term application of adrenergic agonists modulates nociceptive ion channels. Neurosci Lett 2024; 822:137628. [PMID: 38191088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons transduce and convey somatosensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system. Adrenergic mediators are known to modulate nociceptive inputs in DRG neurons, acting as up- or down-regulators of neuronal excitability. They are also important in the development of sympathetic neuropathy. ATP-activated P2X channels and capsaicin-activated TRPV1 channels are directly involved in the transduction of nociceptive stimuli. In this work, we show that long-term (up to 3 days) in vitro stimulation of DRG neurons with selective α1-adrenergic agonist increased slow but not fast ATP-activated currents, with no effect on capsaicin currents. Selective agonists for α2, β1 and β3-adrenergic receptors decreased capsaicin activated currents and had no effect on ATP currents. Capsaicin currents were associated with increased neuronal excitability, while none of the adrenergic modulators produced change in rheobase. These results demonstrate that chronic adrenergic activation modulates two nociceptive transducer molecules, increasing or decreasing channel current depending on the adrenergic receptor subtype. These observations aid our understanding of nociceptive or antinociceptive effects of adrenergic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S Medrado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences-ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG., Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Zip-code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Naiara A S Santiago
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences-ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG., Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Zip-code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eder R Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences-ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG., Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Zip-code: 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Christopher Kushmerick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences-ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG., Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Zip-code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lígia A Naves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences-ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG., Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Zip-code: 31270-901, Brazil
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6
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Ishikawa M, Hasanali ZS, Zhao Y, Das A, Lavaert M, Roman CJ, Londregan J, Allman D, Bhandoola A. Bone marrow plasma cells require P2RX4 to sense extracellular ATP. Nature 2024; 626:1102-1107. [PMID: 38355795 PMCID: PMC11025016 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plasma cells produce large quantities of antibodies and so play essential roles in immune protection1. Plasma cells, including a long-lived subset, reside in the bone marrow where they depend on poorly defined microenvironment-linked survival signals1. We show that bone marrow plasma cells use the ligand-gated purinergic ion channel P2RX4 to sense extracellular ATP released by bone marrow osteoblasts through the gap-junction protein pannexin 3 (PANX3). Mutation of Panx3 or P2rx4 each caused decreased serum antibodies and selective loss of bone marrow plasma cells. Compared to their wild-type counterparts, PANX3-null osteoblasts secreted less extracellular ATP and failed to support plasma cells in vitro. The P2RX4-specific inhibitor 5-BDBD abrogated the impact of extracellular ATP on bone marrow plasma cells in vitro, depleted bone marrow plasma cells in vivo and reduced pre-induced antigen-specific serum antibody titre with little posttreatment rebound. P2RX4 blockade also reduced autoantibody titre and kidney disease in two mouse models of humoral autoimmunity. P2RX4 promotes plasma cell survival by regulating endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, as short-term P2RX4 blockade caused accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated regulatory proteins including ATF4 and B-lineage mutation of the pro-apoptotic ATF4 target Chop prevented bone marrow plasma cell demise on P2RX4 inhibition. Thus, generating mature protective and pathogenic plasma cells requires P2RX4 signalling controlled by PANX3-regulated extracellular ATP release from bone marrow niche cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4254, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA
| | - Zainul S. Hasanali
- Address correspondence to: Masaki Ishikawa () David Allman (), or Avinash Bhandoola ()
| | - Yongge Zhao
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4254, USA
| | - Arundhoti Das
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4254, USA
| | - Marieke Lavaert
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4254, USA
| | | | | | - David Allman
- Address correspondence to: Masaki Ishikawa () David Allman (), or Avinash Bhandoola ()
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4254, USA
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Vinci M, Vitello GA, Greco D, Treccarichi S, Ragalmuto A, Musumeci A, Fallea A, Federico C, Calì F, Saccone S, Elia M. Next Generation Sequencing and Electromyography Reveal the Involvement of the P2RX6 Gene in Myopathy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1150-1163. [PMID: 38392191 PMCID: PMC10887510 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channelopathies result from impaired ion channel protein function, due to mutations affecting ion transport across cell membranes. Over 40 diseases, including neuropathy, pain, migraine, epilepsy, and ataxia, are associated with ion channelopathies, impacting electrically excitable tissues and significantly affecting skeletal muscle. Gene mutations affecting transmembrane ionic flow are strongly linked to skeletal muscle disorders, particularly myopathies, disrupting muscle excitability and contraction. Electromyography (EMG) analysis performed on a patient who complained of weakness and fatigue revealed the presence of primary muscular damage, suggesting an early-stage myopathy. Whole exome sequencing (WES) did not detect potentially causative variants in known myopathy-associated genes but revealed a novel homozygous deletion of the P2RX6 gene likely disrupting protein function. The P2RX6 gene, predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, is an ATP-gated ion channel receptor belonging to the purinergic receptors (P2RX) family. In addition, STRING pathways suggested a correlation with more proteins having a plausible role in myopathy. No previous studies have reported the implication of this gene in myopathy. Further studies are needed on patients with a defective ion channel pathway, and the use of in vitro functional assays in suppressing P2RX6 gene expression will be required to validate its functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
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8
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Zhang GP, Liao JX, Liu YY, Zhu FQ, Huang HJ, Zhang WJ. Ion channel P2X7 receptor in the progression of cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1297775. [PMID: 38273855 PMCID: PMC10808724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1297775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7) is a non-selective and ATP-sensitive ligand-gated cation channel. Studies have confirmed that it is expressed in a variety of cells and correlates with their function, frequently in immune cells and tumor cells. We found increased expression of this receptor in many tumor cells, and it has a role in tumor survival and progression. In immune cells, upregulation of the receptor has a double effect on tumor suppression as well as tumor promotion. This review describes the structure of P2X7 and its role in the tumor microenvironment and presents possible mechanisms of P2X7 in tumor invasion and metastasis. Understanding the potential of P2X7 for tumor treatment, we also present several therapeutic agents targeting P2X7 and their mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the study of P2X7 is an important guideline for the use of clinical tumor therapy and may be able to provide a new idea for tumor treatment, but considering the complexity of the biological effects of P2X7, the drugs should be used with caution in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-ping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Critical Medicine, Ganzhou people’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun-xiang Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-yi Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fu-qi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui-jin Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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9
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Stavrou M, Kleopa KA. CMT1A current gene therapy approaches and promising biomarkers. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1434-1440. [PMID: 36571339 PMCID: PMC10075121 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies (CMT) constitute a group of common but highly heterogeneous, non-syndromic genetic disorders affecting predominantly the peripheral nervous system. CMT type 1A (CMT1A) is the most frequent type and accounts for almost ~50% of all diagnosed CMT cases. CMT1A results from the duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. Overexpression of PMP22 protein overloads the protein folding apparatus in Schwann cells and activates the unfolded protein response. This leads to Schwann cell apoptosis, dys- and de- myelination and secondary axonal degeneration, ultimately causing neurological disabilities. During the last decades, several different gene therapies have been developed to treat CMT1A. Almost all of them remain at the pre-clinical stage using CMT1A animal models overexpressing PMP22. The therapeutic goal is to achieve gene silencing, directly or indirectly, thereby reversing the CMT1A genetic mechanism allowing the recovery of myelination and prevention of axonal loss. As promising treatments are rapidly emerging, treatment-responsive and clinically relevant biomarkers are becoming necessary. These biomarkers and sensitive clinical evaluation tools will facilitate the design and successful completion of future clinical trials for CMT1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Stavrou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics; Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Lalo U, Pankratov Y. ATP-mediated signalling in the central synapses. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109477. [PMID: 36841527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
ATP released from the synaptic terminals and astrocytes can activate neuronal P2 receptors at a variety of locations across the CNS. Although the postsynaptic ATP-mediated signalling does not bring a major contribution into the excitatory transmission, it is instrumental for slow and diffuse modulation of synaptic dynamics and neuronal firing in many CNS areas. Neuronal P2X and P2Y receptors can be activated by ATP released from the synaptic terminals, astrocytes and microglia and thereby can participate in the regulation of synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. There is growing evidence of importance of purinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in different physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we review the main mechanisms underlying the complexity and diversity of purinergic signalling and purinergic modulation in central neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Lalo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
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Sun Z, Gao Q, Wei Y, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Xu C, Gao J, Liu D. Activated P2X receptors can up-regulate the expressions of inflammation-related genes via NF-κB pathway in spotted sea bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181067. [PMID: 37215129 PMCID: PMC10193947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors, including seven subtypes, i.e., P2X1-7, are the ligand-gated ion channels activated by the extracellular ATP playing the critical roles in inflammation and immune response. Even though the immune functions of P2X receptors have been characterized extensively in mammals, their functions in fish remain largely unknown. In this study, four P2X receptor homologues were characterized in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), which were named LmP2X2, LmP2X4, LmP2X5, and LmP2X7. Their tissue distributions and expression patterns were then investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Furthermore, their functions in regulating the expressions of inflammation-associated genes and possible signaling pathway were examined by qPCR and luciferase assay. The results showed that they share similar topological structures, conserved genomic organization, and gene synteny with their counterparts in other species previously investigated. And the four P2X receptors were expressed constitutively in the tested tissues. In addition, the expression of each of the four receptor genes was significantly induced by stimulation of Edwardsiella tarda and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in vivo. Also, in primary head kidney leukocytes of spotted sea bass, LmP2X2 and LmP2X5 were induced by using PAMPs and/or ATP. Notably, the expressions of CCL2, IL-8, and TNF-α recognized as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and of the four apoptosis-related genes, i.e., caspase3, caspase6, caspase7, and P53, were differentially upregulated in the HEK 293T cells with over-expressed LmP2X2 and/or LmP2X7 following ATP stimulation. Also, the over-expression of LmP2X4 can upregulate the expressions of IL-8, caspase6, caspase7, and P53, and LmP2X5 upregulates of IL-8, TNF-α, caspase7, and P53. Then in the present study it was demonstrated that the activation of any one of the four receptors significantly upregulated the activity of NF-κB promoter, suggesting that the activated LmP2Xs may regulate the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, the four P2X receptors were identified firstly from fish species in Perciformes, and they participate in innate immune response of spotted sea bass possibly by regulating the expressions of the inflammation-related genes. Our study provides the new evidences for the P2X receptors' involvement in fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- SinoNorway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activation suppresses ATP currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109443. [PMID: 36709909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
P2X3 receptors and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been found to be expressed in primary sensory neurons. P2X3 receptors participate in a variety of pain processes, while the activation of mGluRs has an analgesic effect. However, it's still unclear whether there is a link between them in pain. Herein, we reported that the group II mGluR activation inhibited the electrophysiological activity of P2X3 receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Group II mGluR agonist LY354740 concentration-dependently decreased P2X3 receptor-mediated and α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP)-evoked inward currents in DRG neurons. LY354740 significantly suppressed the maximum response of P2X3 receptor to α,β-meATP, but did not change their affinity. Inhibition of ATP currents by LY354740 was blocked by the group II mGluR antagonist LY341495, also prevented by the intracellular dialysis of either the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP, or the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Moreover, LY354740 decreased α,β-meATP-induced membrane potential depolarization and action potential bursts in DRG neurons. Finally, intraplantar injection of LY354740 also relieved α,β-meATP-induced spontaneous nociceptive behaviors and mechanical allodynia in rats by activating peripheral group Ⅱ mGluRs. These results indicated that peripheral group II mGluR activation inhibited the functional activity of P2X3 receptors via a Gi/o protein and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in rat DRG neurons, which revealed a novel mechanism underlying analgesic effects of peripheral group II mGluRs. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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13
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Huang Y, Omorou M, Gao M, Mu C, Xu W, Xu H. Hydrogen sulfide and its donors for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114506. [PMID: 36906977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endogenous gas signalling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is frequently present in a variety of mammals and plays a significant role in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in large quantities as a result of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion, which is a very serious class of cerebrovascular diseases. ROS cause oxidative stress and induce specific gene expression that results in apoptosis. H2S reduces cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion-induced secondary injury via anti-oxidative stress injury, suppression of the inflammatory response, inhibition of apoptosis, attenuation of cerebrovascular endothelial cell injury, modulation of autophagy, and antagonism of P2X7 receptors, and it plays an important biological role in other cerebral ischaemic injury events. Despite the many limitations of the hydrogen sulfide therapy delivery strategy and the difficulty in controlling the ideal concentration, relevant experimental evidence demonstrating that H2S plays an excellent neuroprotective role in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). This paper examines the synthesis and metabolism of the gas molecule H2S in the brain as well as the molecular mechanisms of H2S donors in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury and possibly other unknown biological functions. With the active development in this field, it is expected that this review will assist researchers in their search for the potential value of hydrogen sulfide and provide new ideas for preclinical trials of exogenous H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Huang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Moussa Omorou
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chenxi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Weijing Xu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
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14
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Furuta K, Onishi H, Ikada Y, Masaki K, Tanaka S, Kaito C. ATP and its metabolite adenosine cooperatively upregulate the antigen-presenting molecules on dendritic cells leading to IFN-γ production by T cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104587. [PMID: 36889584 PMCID: PMC10124915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) present foreign antigens to T cells via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), thereby inducing acquired immune responses. ATP accumulates at sites of inflammation or in tumor tissues, which triggers local inflammatory responses. However, it remains to be clarified how ATP modulates the functions of DCs. In this study, we investigated the effects of extracellular ATP on mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), as well as the potential for subsequent T cell activation. We found that high concentrations of ATP (1 mM) upregulated the cell surface expression levels of MHC-I, MHC-II, and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, but not those of co-inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2 in BMDCs. Increased surface expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 was inhibited by a pan-P2 receptor antagonist. In addition, the upregulation of MHC-I and MHC-II expression was inhibited by an adenosine P1 receptor antagonist and by inhibitors of CD39 and CD73, which metabolize ATP to adenosine. These results suggest that adenosine is required for the ATP-induced upregulation of MHC-I and MHC-II. In the mixed leukocyte reaction assay, ATP-stimulated BMDCs activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and induced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by these T cells. Collectively, these results suggest that high concentrations of extracellular ATP upregulate the expression of antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory molecules but not that of co-inhibitory molecules in BMDCs. Cooperative stimulation of ATP and its metabolite adenosine was required for the upregulation of MHC-I and MHC-II. These ATP-stimulated BMDCs induced the activation of IFN-γ-producing T cells upon antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Furuta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hiroka Onishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kento Masaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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15
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Sander S, Müller I, Alai MG, Nicke A, Tidow H. New insights into P2X7 receptor regulation: Ca 2+-calmodulin and GDP bind to the soluble P2X7 ballast domain. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102495. [PMID: 36115462 PMCID: PMC9574498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors are nonselective cation channels that are activated by extracellular ATP and play important roles in inflammation. They differ from other P2X family members by a large intracellular C-terminus that mediates diverse signaling processes that are little understood. A recent cryo-EM study revealed that the C-terminus of the P2X7 receptor forms a unique cytoplasmic ballast domain that possesses a GDP-binding site as well as a dinuclear Zn2+ site. However, the molecular basis for the regulatory function of the ballast domain as well as the interplay between the various ligands remain unclear. Here, we successfully expressed a soluble trimeric P2X7 ballast domain (P2X7BD) and characterized its ligand binding properties using a biophysical approach. We identified calmodulin (CaM)-binding regions within the ballast domain and found that binding of Ca2+-CaM and GDP to P2X7BD have opposite effects on its stability. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments indicate that Ca2+-CaM binding disrupts the trimeric state of P2X7BD. Our results provide a possible framework for the intracellular regulation of the P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sander
- The Hamburg Advanced Research Centre for Bioorganic Chemistry (HARBOR) & Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Müller
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Garcia Alai
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Tidow
- The Hamburg Advanced Research Centre for Bioorganic Chemistry (HARBOR) & Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The contribution of ion channels to shaping macrophage behaviour. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970234. [PMID: 36160429 PMCID: PMC9490177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding roles of macrophages in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms now include normal tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration, including neuronal tissue; initiation, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response and a diverse array of anti-microbial activities. Two hallmarks of macrophage activity which appear to be fundamental to their diverse cellular functionalities are cellular plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Macrophage plasticity allows these cells to take on a broad spectrum of differing cellular phenotypes in response to local and possibly previous encountered environmental signals. Cellular plasticity also contributes to tissue- and stimulus-dependent macrophage heterogeneity, which manifests itself as different macrophage phenotypes being found at different tissue locations and/or after different cell stimuli. Together, plasticity and heterogeneity align macrophage phenotypes to their required local cellular functions and prevent inappropriate activation of the cell, which could lead to pathology. To execute the appropriate function, which must be regulated at the qualitative, quantitative, spatial and temporal levels, macrophages constantly monitor intracellular and extracellular parameters to initiate and control the appropriate cell signaling cascades. The sensors and signaling mechanisms which control macrophages are the focus of a considerable amount of research. Ion channels regulate the flow of ions between cellular membranes and are critical to cell signaling mechanisms in a variety of cellular functions. It is therefore surprising that the role of ion channels in the macrophage biology has been relatively overlooked. In this review we provide a summary of ion channel research in macrophages. We begin by giving a narrative-based explanation of the membrane potential and its importance in cell biology. We then report on research implicating different ion channel families in macrophage functions. Finally, we highlight some areas of ion channel research in macrophages which need to be addressed, future possible developments in this field and therapeutic potential.
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17
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Apostolakou AE, Nastou KC, Petichakis GN, Litou ZI, Iconomidou VA. LiGIoNs: A computational method for the detection and classification of ligand-gated ion channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183956. [PMID: 35577076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGICs) is one of the largest groups of transmembrane proteins. Due to their major role in synaptic transmission, both in the nervous system and the somatic neuromuscular junction, LGICs present attractive therapeutic targets. During the last few years, several computational methods for the detection of LGICs have been developed. These methods are based on machine learning approaches utilizing features extracted solely from the amino acid composition. Here we report the development of LiGIoNs, a profile Hidden Markov Model (pHMM) method for the prediction and ligand-based classification of LGICs. The method consists of a library of 10 pHMMs, one per LGIC subfamily, built from the alignment of representative LGIC sequences. In addition, 14 Pfam pHMMs are used to further annotate and classify unknown protein sequences into one of the 10 LGIC subfamilies. Evaluation of the method showed that it outperforms existing methods in the detection of LGICs. On top of that, LiGIoNs is the only currently available method that classifies LGICs into subfamilies. The method is available online at http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/ligions/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avgi E Apostolakou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Katerina C Nastou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Georgios N Petichakis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Zoi I Litou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece.
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18
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Shen Z, Xiang M, Chen C, Ding F, Wang Y, Shang C, Xin L, Zhang Y, Cui X. Glutamate excitotoxicity: Potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113125. [PMID: 35609367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most initially followed by ion transport protein dysfunction and disruption of ion homeostasis, which in turn leads to impaired glutamate release, reuptake, and excessive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation, promoting neuronal death. Despite extensive evidence from preclinical studies suggesting that excessive NMDAR stimulation during ischemic stroke is a central step in post-stroke damage, NMDAR blockers have failed to translate into clinical stroke treatment. Current treatment options for stroke are very limited, and there is therefore a great need to develop new targets for neuroprotective therapeutic agents in ischemic stroke to extend the therapeutic time window. In this review, we highlight recent findings on glutamate release, reuptake mechanisms, NMDAR and its downstream cellular signaling pathways in post-ischemic stroke damage, and review the pathological changes in each link to help develop viable new therapeutic targets. We then also summarize potential neuroprotective drugs and therapeutic approaches for these new targets in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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19
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Oken AC, Krishnamurthy I, Savage JC, Lisi NE, Godsey MH, Mansoor SE. Molecular Pharmacology of P2X Receptors: Exploring Druggable Domains Revealed by Structural Biology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925880. [PMID: 35784697 PMCID: PMC9248971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is a critical signaling molecule that is found in a wide range of concentrations across cellular environments. The family of nonselective cation channels that sense extracellular ATP, termed P2X receptors (P2XRs), is composed of seven subtypes (P2X1-P2X7) that assemble as functional homotrimeric and heterotrimeric ion channels. Each P2XR is activated by a distinct concentration of extracellular ATP, spanning from high nanomolar to low millimolar. P2XRs are implicated in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous systems, corresponding to the spatiotemporal expression, regulation, and activation of each subtype. The therapeutic potential of P2XRs is an emerging area of research in which structural biology has seemingly exceeded medicinal chemistry, as there are several published P2XR structures but currently no FDA-approved drugs targeting these ion channels. Cryogenic electron microscopy is ideally suited to facilitate structure-based drug design for P2XRs by revealing and characterizing novel ligand-binding sites. This review covers structural elements in P2XRs including the extracellular orthosteric ATP-binding site, extracellular allosteric modulator sites, channel pore, and cytoplasmic substructures, with an emphasis on potential therapeutic ligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Oken
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ipsita Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Savage
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nicolas E. Lisi
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael H. Godsey
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Steven E. Mansoor
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven E. Mansoor,
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20
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The purinergic signalling and inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes: key factors and therapeutic targets. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:759-770. [PMID: 35648156 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important chronic disease around the world, and according to the World Health Organization, it is the 9th principal cause of global death. This pathology is characterized by high levels of circulating glucose as a result of insulin resistance, and it is well stated that inflammation related to obesity is directly associated with the development of the disease. The purinergic signalling is involved in both pancreatic destruction, which impairs insulin secretion, and the cytokine production that favors insulin resistance in T2DM. In this review, the purinergic signalling aspects will be discussed, showing the impact of the enzymes, nucleotides, nucleosides, and receptors of this system and the cytokines that result in inflammation, in the development and progression of T2DM, besides, pointing the purinergic receptors as a possible therapeutic approach.
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21
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Scarpellino G, Genova T, Quarta E, Distasi C, Dionisi M, Fiorio Pla A, Munaron L. P2X Purinergic Receptors Are Multisensory Detectors for Micro-Environmental Stimuli That Control Migration of Tumoral Endothelium. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112743. [PMID: 35681724 PMCID: PMC9179260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular ATP is highly concentrated in tumor stroma. In this study, we investigated the effects of the synthetic ATP analog Benzoylbenzoyl-ATP, 2′(3′)-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5′-triphosphate (BzATP), an agonist for P2X receptors, on tumor-derived endothelial cells (TEC) obtained from three different human tumors (breast, kidney and prostate carcinomas, respectively, BTEC, RTEC and PTEC). Treatment with high BzATP concentrations (100 µM) significantly reduced migration of all TEC types, resulting ineffective on human normal microvascular endothelium (HMEC); intriguingly, both the functional effect and associated calcium signals are sensitive to some key biological parameters of tumor stroma that include pH, Ca2+ and Zn2+. The lack of calcium signals selectively observed in PTEC, in which BzATP still retains its functional effect, suggests variability of intracellular signaling among TEC. These findings provide novel insights into the role of extracellular ATP as a multisensory regulator of migratory potential in tumoral endothelium. Abstract The tumoral microenvironment often displays peculiar features, including accumulation of extracellular ATP, hypoxia, low pH-acidosis, as well as an imbalance in zinc (Zn2+) and calcium (Ca2+). We previously reported the ability of some purinergic agonists to exert an anti-migratory activity on tumor-derived human endothelial cells (TEC) only when applied at a high concentration. They also trigger calcium signals associated with release from intracellular stores and calcium entry from the external medium. Here, we provide evidence that high concentrations of BzATP (100 µM), a potent agonist of P2X receptors, decrease migration in TEC from different tumors, but not in normal microvascular ECs (HMEC). The same agonist evokes a calcium increase in TEC from the breast and kidney, as well as in HMEC, but not in TEC from the prostate, suggesting that the intracellular pathways responsible for the P2X-induced impairment of TEC migration could vary among different tumors. The calcium signal is mainly due to a long-lasting calcium entry from outside and is strictly dependent on the presence of the receptor occupancy. Low pH, as well as high extracellular Zn2+ and Ca2+, interfere with the response, a distinctive feature typically found in some P2X purinergic receptors. This study reveals that a BzATP-sensitive pathway impairs the migration of endothelial cells from different tumors through mechanisms finely tuned by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarpellino
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (T.G.); (E.Q.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (T.G.); (E.Q.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Elisa Quarta
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (T.G.); (E.Q.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Marianna Dionisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (T.G.); (E.Q.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (T.G.); (E.Q.); (A.F.P.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Therapeutic potentials and structure-activity relationship of 1,3-benzodioxole N-carbamothioyl carboxamide derivatives as selective and potent antagonists of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Ma XF, Wang TT, Wang WH, Guan L, Guo CR, Li XH, Lei YT, Fan YZ, Yang XN, Hattori M, Nureki O, Zhu MX, Yu Y, Tian Y, Wang J. The long β2,3-sheets encoded by redundant sequences play an integral role in the channel function of P2X7 receptors. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102002. [PMID: 35504351 PMCID: PMC9163701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors are a class of nonselective cation channels widely distributed in the immune and nervous systems, and their dysfunction is a significant cause of tumors, inflammation, leukemia, and immune diseases. P2X7 is a unique member of the P2X receptor family with many properties that differ from other subtypes in terms of primary sequence, the architecture of N- and C-terminals, and channel function. Here, we suggest that the observed lengthened β2- and β3-sheets and their linker (loop β2,3), encoded by redundant sequences, play an indispensable role in the activation of the P2X7 receptor. We show that deletion of this longer structural element leads to the loss of P2X7 function. Furthermore, by combining mutagenesis, chimera construction, surface expression, and protein stability analysis, we found that the deletion of the longer β2,3-loop affects P2X7 surface expression but, more importantly, that this loop affects channel gating of P2X7. We propose that the longer β2,3-sheets may have a negative regulatory effect on a loop on the head domain and on the structural element formed by E171 and its surrounding regions. Understanding the role of the unique structure of the P2X7 receptor in the gating process will aid in the development of selective drugs targeting this subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Guan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chang-Run Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xing-Hua Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun-Tao Lei
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying-Zhe Fan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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24
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Choi S, Kim K, Kwon M, Bai SJ, Cha M, Lee BH. Modulation of Neuropathic Pain by Glial Regulation in the Insular Cortex of Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:815945. [PMID: 35493331 PMCID: PMC9043281 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.815945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) is known to process pain information. However, analgesic effects of glial inhibition in the IC have not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate pain alleviation effects after neuroglia inhibition in the IC during the early or late phase of pain development. The effects of glial inhibitors in early or late phase inhibition in neuropathic pain were characterized in astrocytes and microglia expressions in the IC of an animal model of neuropathic pain. Changes in withdrawal responses during different stages of inhibition were compared, and morphological changes in glial cells with purinergic receptor expressions were analyzed. Inhibition of glial cells had an analgesic effect that persisted even after drug withdrawal. Both GFAP and CD11b/c expressions were decreased after injection of glial inhibitors. Morphological alterations of astrocytes and microglia were observed with expression changes of purinergic receptors. These findings indicate that inhibition of neuroglia activity in the IC alleviates chronic pain, and that purinergic receptors in glial cells are closely related to chronic pain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyeon Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjee Kwon
- Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sun Joon Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Myeounghoon Cha,
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Bae Hwan Lee,
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25
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Hamoudi C, Zhao C, Abderrazak A, Salem M, Fortin PR, Sévigny J, Aoudjit F. The Purinergic Receptor P2X4 Promotes Th17 Activation and the Development of Arthritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1115-1127. [PMID: 35165166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays a major role in T cell activation leading to IL-2 production and proliferation. However, it is unclear whether purinergic signaling contributes to the differentiation and activation of effector T cells. In this study, we found that the purinergic receptor P2X4 was associated with human Th17 cells but not with Th1 cells. Inhibition of P2X4 receptor with the specific antagonist 5-BDBD and small interfering RNA inhibited the development of Th17 cells and the production of IL-17 by effector Th17 cells stimulated via the CD3/CD28 pathway. Our results showed that P2X4 was required for the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C, which is the master regulator of Th17 cells. In contrast, inhibition of P2X4 receptor had no effect on Th1 cells and on the production of IFN-γ and it did not affect the expression of the transcription factor T-bet (T-box transcription factor). Furthermore, inhibition of P2X4 receptor reduced the production of IL-17 but not of IFN-γ by effector/memory CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast to P2X4, inhibition of P2X7 and P2Y11 receptors had no effects on Th17 and Th1 cell activation. Finally, treatment with the P2X4 receptor antagonist 5-BDBD reduced the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell expansion and activation. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of purinergic signaling in T cell activation and identify a critical role for the purinergic receptor P2X4 in Th17 activation and in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakib Hamoudi
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chenqi Zhao
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amna Abderrazak
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mabrouka Salem
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; .,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Mansoor SE. How Structural Biology Has Directly Impacted Our Understanding of P2X Receptor Function and Gating. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2510:1-29. [PMID: 35776317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2384-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
P2X receptors are ATP-gated ion channels expressed in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells. They play key roles in diverse processes such as platelet activation, smooth muscle contraction, synaptic transmission, nociception, cell proliferation, and inflammation making this receptor family an important pharmacological target. Structures of P2X receptors solved by X-ray crystallography have been instrumental in helping to define mechanisms of molecular P2X receptor function. In 2009, the first X-ray structure of the P2X4 receptor subtype confirmed a trimeric stoichiometry and revealed the overall architecture of the functional ion channel. Subsequent X-ray structures have provided the molecular details to define the orthosteric ATP binding pocket, the orthosteric antagonist binding pocket, an allosteric antagonist binding pocket, and the pore architecture in each of the major conformational states of the receptor gating cycle. Moreover, the unique gating mechanism by which P2X receptor subtypes desensitize at differing rates, referred to as the helical recoil model of receptor desensitization, was discovered directly from X-ray structures of the P2X3 receptor. However, structures of P2X receptors solved by X-ray crystallography have only been able to provide limited information on the cytoplasmic domain of this receptor family, as this domain was always truncated to varying degrees in order to facilitate crystallization. Because the P2X7 receptor subtype has a significantly larger cytoplasmic domain that has been shown to be necessary for its ability to initiate apoptosis, an absence of structural information on the P2X7 receptor cytoplasmic domain has limited our understanding of its complex signaling pathways as well as its unusual ability to remain open without undergoing desensitization. This absence of cytoplasmic structural information for P2X7 receptors was recently overcome when the first full-length P2X7 receptor structures were solved by single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy. These structures finally provide insight into the large and unique P2X7 receptor cytoplasmic domain and revealed two novel structural elements and several surprising findings: first, a cytoplasmic structural element called the cytoplasmic ballast was identified that contains a dinuclear zinc ion complex and a high affinity guanosine nucleotide binding site and second, a palmitoylated membrane proximal structural element called the C-cys anchor was identified which prevents P2X7 receptor desensitization. This chapter will highlight the major structural and functional aspects of P2X receptors discovered through structural biology, with a key emphasis on the most recent cryogenic electron microscopy structures of the full-length, wild-type P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Mansoor
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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27
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Ren W, Rubini P, Tang Y, Engel T, Illes P. Inherent P2X7 Receptors Regulate Macrophage Functions during Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010232. [PMID: 35008658 PMCID: PMC8745241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes which derive either from blood-borne monocytes or reside as resident macrophages in peripheral (Kupffer cells of the liver, marginal zone macrophages of the spleen, alveolar macrophages of the lung) and central tissue (microglia). They occur as M1 (pro-inflammatory; classic) or M2 (anti-inflammatory; alternatively activated) phenotypes. Macrophages possess P2X7 receptors (Rs) which respond to high concentrations of extracellular ATP under pathological conditions by allowing the non-selective fluxes of cations (Na+, Ca2+, K+). Activation of P2X7Rs by still higher concentrations of ATP, especially after repetitive agonist application, leads to the opening of membrane pores permeable to ~900 Da molecules. For this effect an interaction of the P2X7R with a range of other membrane channels (e.g., P2X4R, transient receptor potential A1 [TRPA1], pannexin-1 hemichannel, ANO6 chloride channel) is required. Macrophage-localized P2X7Rs have to be co-activated with the lipopolysaccharide-sensitive toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in order to induce the formation of the inflammasome 3 (NLRP3), which then activates the pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β)-degrading caspase-1 to lead to IL-1β release. Moreover, inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, sepsis, etc.) are generated downstream of the P2X7R-induced upregulation of intracellular second messengers (e.g., phospholipase A2, p38 mitogen-activated kinase, and rho G proteins). In conclusion, P2X7Rs at macrophages appear to be important targets to preserve immune homeostasis with possible therapeutic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ren
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China; (W.R.); (P.R.); (Y.T.)
- School of Acupunct3ure and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Patrizia Rubini
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China; (W.R.); (P.R.); (Y.T.)
- School of Acupunct3ure and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China; (W.R.); (P.R.); (Y.T.)
- School of Acupunct3ure and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Illes
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China; (W.R.); (P.R.); (Y.T.)
- School of Acupunct3ure and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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28
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Hixson EA, Borker PV, Jackson EK, Macatangay BJ. The Adenosine Pathway and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Inflammation. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab396. [PMID: 34557556 PMCID: PMC8454523 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of age-associated comorbidities and mortality compared to people without HIV. This has been attributed to HIV-associated chronic inflammation and immune activation despite viral suppression. The adenosine pathway is an established mechanism by which the body regulates persistent inflammation to limit tissue damage associated with inflammatory conditions. However, HIV infection is associated with derangements in the adenosine pathway that limits its ability to control HIV-associated inflammation. This article reviews the function of purinergic signaling and the role of the adenosine signaling pathway in HIV-associated chronic inflammation. This review also discusses the beneficial and potential detrimental effects of pharmacotherapeutic strategies targeting this pathway among people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hixson
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priya V Borker
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard J Macatangay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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He X, Wan J, Yang X, Zhang X, Huang D, Li X, Zou Y, Chen C, Yu Z, Xie L, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li S, Zhao Y, Shao H, Yu Y, Zheng J. Bone marrow niche ATP levels determine leukemia-initiating cell activity via P2X7 in leukemic models. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140242. [PMID: 33301426 DOI: 10.1172/jci140242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How particular bone marrow niche factors contribute to the leukemogenic activities of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that ATP levels were markedly increased in the bone marrow niches of mice with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and LICs preferentially localized to the endosteal niche with relatively high ATP levels, as indicated by a sensitive ATP indicator. ATP could efficiently induce the influx of ions into LICs in an MLL-AF9-induced murine AML model via the ligand-gated ion channel P2X7. P2x7 deletion led to notably impaired homing and self-renewal capacities of LICs and contributed to an approximately 5-fold decrease in the number of functional LICs but had no effect on normal hematopoiesis. ATP/P2X7 signaling enhanced the calcium flux-mediated phosphorylation of CREB, which further transactivated phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) expression to maintain serine metabolism and LIC fates. P2X7 knockdown resulted in a markedly extended survival of recipients transplanted with either human AML cell lines or primary leukemia cells. Blockade of ATP/P2X7 signaling could efficiently inhibit leukemogenesis. Here, we provide a perspective for understanding how ATP/P2X7 signaling sustains LIC activities, which may benefit the development of specific strategies for targeting LICs or other types of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao He
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuze Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xie Li
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejun Zou
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligen Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfang Shao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Huang H, Zheng S, Chen M, Xie L, Li Z, Guo M, Wang J, Lu M, Zhu X. The potential of the P2X7 receptor as a therapeutic target in a sub-chronic PCP-induced rodent model of schizophrenia. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101993. [PMID: 34147620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the role of the P2X7 receptor on cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of schizophrenia. METHODS An adult mouse model was established by treatment with phencyclidine (PCP), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Young mice were divided into three groups: 1) the control (saline-injected) group; 2) experimental 5 mg/kg PCP-injected group; and 3) experimental 10 mg/kg PCP-injected group. The mice were subjected to the open-field and Morris water maze tests at 7 weeks. After intraperitoneal injection of the P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567, the behaviour tests were performed again. Samples were taken after testing. The P2X7 receptor protein and mRNA expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and PCR. RESULTS This study revealed that the infant sub-chronic PCP mice model showed severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze and schizophrenia-like symptoms (hypermotor behaviour) in the open-field test. The P2X7 receptor protein was highly expressed in the sub-chronic PCP mouse model and more highly expressed in the hippocampus than the prefrontal lobe. After the P2X7 receptor was blocked with JNJ-47965567, P2X7 receptor protein and mRNA expression in the frontal lobe were significantly increased, and the spatial memory impairment and hypermotor behaviour induced by PCP were reversed. CONCLUSION PCP-induced cognitive impairment can be significantly improved by antagonizing the P2X7 receptor. Therefore, we believe that the P2X7 receptor plays an important role in the cognition of schizophrenic-like mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Suyue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Guo
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingwei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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31
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King BF. P2X3 receptors participate in purinergic inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Auton Neurosci 2021; 234:102830. [PMID: 34116466 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ATP analogue α,β-meATP is a potent relaxant of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but its molecular target is uncertain inside the gut. α,β-meATP relaxed the carbachol-precontracted guinea-pig taenia coli in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50, 2.0 ± 0.1 μM). A luciferase-based assay confirmed that α,β-meATP solutions were minimally contaminated with ATP. α,β-meATP-evoked relaxations were inhibited by the competitive P2Y1 antagonist MRS2179 (pA2 = 5.36), but also by the competitive P2X3 antagonist, A-317491 (pA2 = 5.51). When MRS2179 and A-317491 were applied together, residual α,β-meATP responses converted from brief to prolonged relaxations. Sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) also caused prolonged relaxations. Immunohistochemistry revealed that P2X3 receptors were present in myenteric ganglion cells and their varicose nerve terminals. The amplitude of α,β-meATP responses was not inhibited by TTX (NaV channel blocker) and ωCgTx (N-type CaV channel blocker). However, responses to α,β-meATP were inhibited by TEA (non-selective K+-channel blocker), indicating that relaxations involved opening K+-channels. The findings of this study are consistent with the conclusion that α,β-meATP stimulates Ca2+-permeable P2X3 receptors on varicose nerve terminals to release inhibitory nucleotides: 1) ATP and β-NAD release results in P2Y1-mediated brief relaxations; 2) another released transmitter (possibly NO) results in prolonged relaxations. Prejunctional P2X3 receptors represent a purinergic feed-forward mechanism to augment the action of inhibitory nerves on gut motility. This positive feed-forward mechanism may counter-balance the known negative feedback mechanism caused by adenosine and prejunctional A1 receptors on inhibitory motor nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F King
- University College London (UCL), Research Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology & Physiology (NPP), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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32
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Inoue H, Kuroda H, Ofusa W, Oyama S, Kimura M, Ichinohe T, Shibukawa Y. Functional Coupling between the P2X 7 Receptor and Pannexin-1 Channel in Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115978. [PMID: 34205953 PMCID: PMC8198496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ionotropic P2X receptor, P2X7, is believed to regulate and/or generate nociceptive pain, and pain in several neuropathological diseases. Although there is a known relationship between P2X7 receptor activity and pain sensing, its detailed functional properties in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons remains unclear. We examined the electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of the P2X7 receptor and its functional coupling with other P2X receptors and pannexin-1 (PANX1) channels in primary cultured rat TG neurons, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Application of ATP and Bz-ATP induced long-lasting biphasic inward currents that were more sensitive to extracellular Bz-ATP than ATP, indicating that the current was carried by P2X7 receptors. While the biphasic current densities of the first and second components were increased by Bz-ATP in a concentration dependent manner; current duration was only affected in the second component. These currents were significantly inhibited by P2X7 receptor antagonists, while only the second component was inhibited by P2X1, 3, and 4 receptor antagonists, PANX1 channel inhibitors, and extracellular ATPase. Taken together, our data suggests that autocrine or paracrine signaling via the P2X7-PANX1-P2X receptor/channel complex may play important roles in several pain sensing pathways via long-lasting neuronal activity driven by extracellular high-concentration ATP following tissue damage in the orofacial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Hidetaka Kuroda
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Wataru Ofusa
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Sadao Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Ichinohe
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Shibukawa
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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33
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Li J, Zhang Y, Illes P, Tang Y, Rubini P. Increasing Efficiency of Repetitive Electroacupuncture on Purine- and Acid-Induced Pain During a Three-Week Treatment Schedule. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680198. [PMID: 34040538 PMCID: PMC8141797 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture (AP) is an important constituent of the therapeutic repertoire of traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used to alleviate chronic painful conditions all over the world. We studied in rats the efficiency of electroacupuncture (EAP) applied to the Zusanli acupoint (ST36) as an analgesic treatment over a 3-week period of time on purine (α,β-methylene ATP, dibenzoyl-ATP)- and acid (pH 6.0 medium)-induced pain in the rat paw. The two ATP derivatives stimulated P2X3 and P2X7 receptors, respectively, while the slightly acidic medium stimulated the “acid-sensitive ion channel 3” (ASIC3). It was found that the P2X7 receptor and ASIC-mediated pain was counteracted by EAP with greater efficiency at the end than at the beginning of the treatment schedule, while the P2X3 receptor–mediated pain was not. Our findings have important clinical and theoretical consequences, among others, because they are difficult to reconcile with the assumption that AP is primarily due to the release of peripheral and central opioid peptides causing the well-known tolerance to their effects. In consequence, AP is a convenient therapeutic instrument to treat subacute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China.,International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China.,International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Patrizia Rubini
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China.,International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Medicine, Chengdu, China
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34
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Jacobson KA, IJzerman AP, Müller CE. Medicinal chemistry of P2 and adenosine receptors: Common scaffolds adapted for multiple targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114311. [PMID: 33130128 PMCID: PMC8081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock originated the concept of purinergic signaling. He demonstrated the interactions and biological roles of ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. This review paper traces the historical origins of many currently used antagonists and agonists for P2 receptors, as well as adenosine receptors, in early attempts to identify ligands for these receptors - prior to the use of chemical libraries for screening. Rather than presenting a general review of current purinergic ligands, we focus on common chemical scaffolds (privileged scaffolds) that can be adapted for multiple receptor targets. By carefully analyzing the structure activity relationships, one can direct the selectivity of these scaffolds toward different receptor subtypes. For example, the weak and non-selective P2 antagonist reactive blue 2 (RB-2) was derivatized using combinatorial synthetic approaches, leading to the identification of selective P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y12 or P2X2 receptor antagonists. A P2X4 antagonist NC-2600 is in a clinical trial, and A3 adenosine agonists show promise, for chronic pain. P2X7 antagonists have been in clinical trials for depression (JNJ-54175446), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory pain and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). P2X3 antagonists are in clinical trials for chronic cough, and an antagonist named after Burnstock, gefapixant, is expected to be the first P2X3 antagonist filed for approval. We are seeing that the vision of Prof. Burnstock to use purinergic signaling modulators, most recently at P2XRs, for treating disease is coming to fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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35
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Spinaci A, Buccioni M, Dal Ben D, Marucci G, Volpini R, Lambertucci C. P2X3 Receptor Ligands: Structural Features and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653561. [PMID: 33927627 PMCID: PMC8076795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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36
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Zeng Y, Luo H, Gao Z, Zhu X, Shen Y, Li Y, Hu J, Yang J. Reduction of prefrontal purinergic signaling is necessary for the analgesic effect of morphine. iScience 2021; 24:102213. [PMID: 33733073 PMCID: PMC7940985 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine is commonly used to relieve moderate to severe pain, but repeated doses cause opioid tolerance. Here, we used ATP sensor and fiber photometry to detect prefrontal ATP level. It showed that prefrontal ATP level decreased after morphine injection and the event amplitude tended to decrease with continuous morphine exposure. Morphine had little effect on prefrontal ATP due to its tolerance. Therefore, we hypothesized that the analgesic effect of morphine might be related to ATP in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, local infusion of ATP partially antagonized morphine analgesia. Then we found that inhibiting P2X7R in the mPFC mimicked morphine analgesia. In morphine-tolerant mice, pretreatment with P2X4R or P2X7R antagonists in the mPFC enhanced analgesic effect. Our findings suggest that reduction of prefrontal purinergic signaling is necessary for the morphine analgesia, which help elucidate the mechanism of morphine analgesia and may lead to the development of new clinical treatments for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zilong Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaona Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yinbo Shen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, 200030, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- gCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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37
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Hamaguchi S, Kariya M, Ozaki AF, Namekata I, Tanaka H. Contribution of ATP-Mediated Positive Feedback to Sympathetic Nerve-Induced Positive Inotropy in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocardium. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:458-460. [PMID: 33642556 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The functional role of ATP released from sympathetic nerve terminals was examined in isolated guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles. The contractile force of papillary muscles was increased by field electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerve endings. This increase was attenuated by pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) or suramin, blockers of the P2X receptor, and was abolished by propranolol and prazosin. PPADS, suramin, and ATP affected neither the basal contractile force nor the positive inotropic effect of noradrenaline. These results provide functional evidence that ATP released from sympathetic nerve terminals enhances noradrenaline release and contributes to sympathetic nerve-induced inotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Marin Kariya
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Aya F Ozaki
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences
| | - Iyuki Namekata
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hikaru Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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38
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Jarvis MF. Geoffery Burnstock's influence on the evolution of P2X3 receptor pharmacology. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:33-39. [PMID: 33029713 PMCID: PMC7955014 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Jarvis
- Global Medical Affairs, Abbvie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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39
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Le Daré B, Ferron PJ, Gicquel T. The Purinergic P2X7 Receptor-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A New Target in Alcoholic Liver Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2139. [PMID: 33670021 PMCID: PMC7926651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 3 million deaths are attributable to alcohol consumption each year. Alcohol consumption is notably associated with the development and/or progression of many non-communicable inflammatory diseases-particularly in the liver. Although these alcoholic liver diseases were initially thought to be caused by the toxicity of ethanol on hepatocytes, the latest research indicates Kupffer cells (the liver macrophages) are at the heart of this "inflammatory shift". Purinergic signaling (notably through P2X7 receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome) by Kupffer cells appears to be a decisive factor in the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease. Hence, the modulation of purinergic signaling might represent a new means of treating alcoholic liver disease. Here, we review current knowledge on the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver diseases and therapeutic perspectives for targeting these inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Le Daré
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU—University Rennes, PREVITOX Network, F-35000 Rennes, France; (B.L.D.); (P.-J.F.)
- Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ferron
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU—University Rennes, PREVITOX Network, F-35000 Rennes, France; (B.L.D.); (P.-J.F.)
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU—University Rennes, PREVITOX Network, F-35000 Rennes, France; (B.L.D.); (P.-J.F.)
- Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, F-35033 Rennes, France
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40
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Martire A, Pepponi R, Liguori F, Volonté C, Popoli P. P2X7 Receptor Agonist 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl)ATP Differently Modulates Cell Viability and Corticostriatal Synaptic Transmission in Experimental Models of Huntington's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:633861. [PMID: 33679392 PMCID: PMC7933594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.633861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a life-threatening neurodegenerative disorder. Altered levels and functions of the purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) have been found in animal and cellular models of HD, suggesting their possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease; accordingly, the therapeutic potential of P2X7R antagonists in HD has been proposed. Here we further investigated the effects of P2X7R ligands in in vitro and ex vivo HD experimental models. In ST14A/Q120 rat striatal cells, we found a reduction of P2X7R expression; however, the P2X7R agonist 2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5′-triphosphate (BzATP) induced cellular death, and this effect was fully reversed by the antagonist periodate-oxidized adenosine 5′-triphosphate (OxATP). Moreover, in corticostriatal slices from symptomatic R6/2 mice, BzATP reduced the synaptic transmission to a larger extent than in wild-type (WT) mice. Such an effect was accompanied by a concomitant increase of the paired-pulse ratio, suggesting a presynaptic inhibitory action. This was confirmed to be the case, since while the effects of BzATP were unaffected by the P2X7R antagonist OxATP, they were blocked by the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), suggesting possible BzATP hydrolysis to 2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine (Bz-adenosine) and consequent activation of A1Rs as a mechanism. Taken together, these data point out that 1) P2X7R expression and activity are confirmed to be altered in the presence of HD mutation; 2) in some experimental settings, such an abnormal functioning can be ascribed to presynaptic A1Rs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martire
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Volonté
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (IASI-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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41
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Chen YH, Lin RR, Tao QQ. The role of P2X7R in neuroinflammation and implications in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2021; 271:119187. [PMID: 33577858 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is set to rise in prevalence as the global trends in population aging. The extracellular deposition of amyloid protein (Aβ) and the intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain have been recognized as the two core pathologies of AD. Over the past decades, the presence of neuroinflammation in the brain has been documented as the third core pathology of AD. In recent years, emerging evidence demonstrated that the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) serves a critical role in microglia responses and neuroinflammation. Besides, targeting P2X7R by genetic or pharmacological strategies attenuates the symptoms and pathological changes of AD models, and P2X7R has been recognized as a promising therapeutic target for AD. In this review, we summarized the recent evidence concerning the roles of P2X7R in neuroinflammation and implications in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-He Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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42
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P2X-GCaMPs as Versatile Tools for Imaging Extracellular ATP Signaling. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0185-20.2020. [PMID: 33380526 PMCID: PMC7877454 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0185-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is an extracellular signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological and pathologic processes. However, in situ characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamic of extracellular ATP is still challenging because of the lack of sensor with appropriate specificity, sensitivity, and kinetics. Here, we report the development of biosensors based on the fusion of cation permeable ATP receptors (P2X) to genetically encoded calcium sensors [genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI)]. By combining the features of P2X receptors with the high signal-to-noise ratio of GECIs, we generated ultrasensitive green and red fluorescent sniffers that detect nanomolar ATP concentrations in situ and also enable the tracking of P2X receptor activity. We provide the proof of concept that these sensors can dynamically track ATP release evoked by depolarization in mouse neurons or by extracellular hypotonicity. Targeting these P2X-based biosensors to diverse cell types should advance our knowledge of extracellular ATP dynamics in vivo.
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43
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Iovino M, Messana T, Tortora A, Giusti C, Lisco G, Giagulli VA, Guastamacchia E, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Oxytocin Signaling Pathway: From Cell Biology to Clinical Implications. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:91-110. [PMID: 32433011 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200520093730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the well-known role played in lactation and parturition, Oxytocin (OT) and OT receptor (OTR) are involved in many other aspects such as the control of maternal and social behavior, the regulation of the growth of the neocortex, the maintenance of blood supply to the cortex, the stimulation of limbic olfactory area to mother-infant recognition bond, and the modulation of the autonomic nervous system via the vagal pathway. Moreover, OT and OTR show antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-pain, anti-diabetic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti-atherogenic effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the main data coming from the literature dealing with the role of OT and OTR in physiology and pathologic conditions focusing on the most relevant aspects. METHODS Appropriate keywords and MeSH terms were identified and searched in Pubmed. Finally, references of original articles and reviews were examined. RESULTS We report the most significant and updated data on the role played by OT and OTR in physiology and different clinical contexts. CONCLUSION Emerging evidence indicates the involvement of OT system in several pathophysiological mechanisms influencing brain anatomy, cognition, language, sense of safety and trust and maternal behavior, with the possible use of exogenous administered OT in the treatment of specific neuropsychiatric conditions. Furthermore, it modulates pancreatic β-cell responsiveness and lipid metabolism leading to possible therapeutic use in diabetic and dyslipidemic patients and for limiting and even reversing atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Iovino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Tullio Messana
- Infantile Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS - Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Tortora
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Consuelo Giusti
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lisco
- Hospital Unit of Endocrinology, Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Illes P, Müller CE, Jacobson KA, Grutter T, Nicke A, Fountain SJ, Kennedy C, Schmalzing G, Jarvis MF, Stojilkovic SS, King BF, Di Virgilio F. Update of P2X receptor properties and their pharmacology: IUPHAR Review 30. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:489-514. [PMID: 33125712 PMCID: PMC8199792 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The known seven mammalian receptor subunits (P2X1–7) form cationic channels gated by ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting of two transmembrane regions (TM1 and TM2), intracellular N- and C-termini, and a bulky extracellular loop. Crystallization allowed the identification of the 3D structure and gating cycle of P2X receptors. The agonist-binding pocket is located at the intersection of two neighbouring subunits. In addition to the mammalian P2X receptors, their primitive ligand-gated counterparts with little structural similarity have also been cloned. Selective agonists for P2X receptor subtypes are not available, but medicinal chemistry supplied a range of subtype-selective antagonists, as well as positive and negative allosteric modulators. Knockout mice and selective antagonists helped to identify pathological functions due to defective P2X receptors, such as male infertility (P2X1), hearing loss (P2X2), pain/cough (P2X3), neuropathic pain (P2X4), inflammatory bone loss (P2X5), and faulty immune reactions (P2X7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Grutter
- University of Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CAMB UMR 7199, Strasbourg, France
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Charles Kennedy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Günther Schmalzing
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Stanko S Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, The Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian F King
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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45
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Li L, Zou Y, Liu B, Yang R, Yang J, Sun M, Li Z, Xu X, Li G, Liu S, Greffrath W, Treede RD, Li G, Liang S. Contribution of the P2X4 Receptor in Rat Hippocampus to the Comorbidity of Chronic Pain and Depression. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4387-4397. [PMID: 33284579 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is an important region for the interaction between depression and pain. Studies show that the P2X4 receptor plays key role in neuropathic pain. This work investigated the potential implication of the P2X4 receptor in the hippocampus in comorbidity of chronic pain and depression. The rat model induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) plus unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) was used in this study. Our data showed that CCI plus UCMS treatment resulted in abnormal changes in pain and depressive-like behaviors in the rat, accompanied by the upregulated expression of P2X4, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome, and interleukin-1β and the activation of p38 MAPK in the hippocampus. The P2X4 antagonist 5-BDBD reversed these abnormal changes in the hippocampus, relieved hippocampal neuronal damage, and alleviated the abnormal pain and depressive-like behaviors in the CCI plus UCMS treated rats. These findings suggest that the P2X4 receptor in the hippocampus may mediate and significantly contribute to the pathological processes of comorbid pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoe Liu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjian Yang
- Queen Marie College of Nanchang University, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghao Sun
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wolfgang Greffrath
- Department of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Guodong Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Coronas V, Terrié E, Déliot N, Arnault P, Constantin B. Calcium Channels in Adult Brain Neural Stem Cells and in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:600018. [PMID: 33281564 PMCID: PMC7691577 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.600018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain of adult mammals, including humans, contains neural stem cells (NSCs) located within specific niches of which the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the largest one. Under physiological conditions, NSCs proliferate, self-renew and produce new neurons and glial cells. Several recent studies established that oncogenic mutations in adult NSCs of the V-SVZ are responsible for the emergence of malignant primary brain tumors called glioblastoma. These aggressive tumors contain a small subpopulation of cells, the glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), that are endowed with proliferative and self-renewal abilities like NSCs from which they may arise. GSCs are thus considered as the cells that initiate and sustain tumor growth and, because of their resistance to current treatments, provoke tumor relapse. A growing body of studies supports that Ca2+ signaling controls a variety of processes in NSCs and GSCs. Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger whose fluctuations of its intracellular concentrations are handled by channels, pumps, exchangers, and Ca2+ binding proteins. The concerted action of the Ca2+ toolkit components encodes specific Ca2+ signals with defined spatio-temporal characteristics that determine the cellular responses. In this review, after a general overview of the adult brain NSCs and GSCs, we focus on the multiple roles of the Ca2+ toolkit in NSCs and discuss how GSCs hijack these mechanisms to promote tumor growth. Extensive knowledge of the role of the Ca2+ toolkit in the management of essential functions in healthy and pathological stem cells of the adult brain should help to identify promising targets for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Coronas
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Elodie Terrié
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Nadine Déliot
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Patricia Arnault
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Bruno Constantin
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
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47
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Purinergic signaling orchestrating neuron-glia communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105253. [PMID: 33080321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P2X and P2Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A1 and A2A receptors) in the crosstalk between neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. An initial emphasis will be given to the cooperation between adenosine receptors to sharpen information salience encoding across synapses. The interplay between ATP and adenosine signaling in the communication between astrocytes and neurons will then be presented in context of the integrative properties of the astrocytic syncytium, allowing to implement heterosynaptic depression processes in neuronal networks. The process of microglia 'activation' and its control by astrocytes and neurons will then be analyzed under the perspective of an interplay between different P2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors. In spite of these indications of a prominent role of purinergic signaling in the bidirectional communication between neurons and glia, its therapeutical exploitation still awaits obtaining an integrated view of the spatio-temporal action of ATP signaling and adenosine signaling, clearly distinguishing the involvement of both purinergic signaling systems in the regulation of physiological processes and in the control of pathogenic-like responses upon brain dysfunction or damage.
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48
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Inoue K. Nociceptive signaling of P2X receptors in chronic pain states. Purinergic Signal 2020; 17:41-47. [PMID: 33015745 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X3 monomeric receptors (P2X3Rs) and P2X2/3 heteromeric receptors (P2X2/3Rs) in primary sensory neurons and microglial P2X4 monomeric receptors (P2X4Rs) in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) play important roles in neuropathic pain. In particular, P2X4R in the spinal microglia during peripheral nerve injury (PNI), experimental autoimmune neuritis, and herpes models are useful to explore the potential strategies for developing new drugs to treat neuropathic pain. Recently, novel P2X4 antagonists, NP-1815-PX and NC-2600, were developed, which demonstrated potent and specific inhibition against rodent and human P2X4Rs. The phase I study of NC-2600 has been completed, and no serious side effects were reported. The roles played by purinergic receptors in evoking neuropathic pain provide crucial insights into the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Inoue
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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49
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P2X7 Receptors Amplify CNS Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175996. [PMID: 32825423 PMCID: PMC7504621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a (co)transmitter and signaling molecule in the CNS. It acts at a multitude of ligand-gated cationic channels termed P2X to induce rapid depolarization of the cell membrane. Within this receptor-channel family, the P2X7 receptor (R) allows the transmembrane fluxes of Na+, Ca2+, and K+, but also allows the slow permeation of larger organic molecules. This is supposed to cause necrosis by excessive Ca2+ influx, as well as depletion of intracellular ions and metabolites. Cell death may also occur by apoptosis due to the activation of the caspase enzymatic cascade. Because P2X7Rs are localized in the CNS preferentially on microglia, but also at a lower density on neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) the stimulation of this receptor leads to the release of neurodegeneration-inducing bioactive molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules, and the excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Various neurodegenerative reactions of the brain/spinal cord following acute harmful events (mechanical CNS damage, ischemia, status epilepticus) or chronic neurodegenerative diseases (neuropathic pain, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) lead to a massive release of ATP via the leaky plasma membrane of neural tissue. This causes cellular damage superimposed on the original consequences of neurodegeneration. Hence, blood-brain-barrier permeable pharmacological antagonists of P2X7Rs with excellent bioavailability are possible therapeutic agents for these diseases. The aim of this review article is to summarize our present state of knowledge on the involvement of P2X7R-mediated events in neurodegenerative illnesses endangering especially the life quality and duration of the aged human population.
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50
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Krajewski JL. P2X3-Containing Receptors as Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:826-838. [PMID: 33009633 PMCID: PMC7609758 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for the treatment of chronic pain provide inadequate relief for millions of suffering patients, demonstrating the need for better therapies that will treat pain effectively and improve the quality of patient's lives. Better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate chronic pain is critical for developing drugs with improved clinical outcomes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key modulator in nociceptive pathways. Release of ATP from injured tissue or sympathetic efferents has sensitizing effects on sensory neurons in the periphery, and presynaptic vesicular release of ATP from the central terminals can increase glutamate release thereby potentiating downstream central sensitization mechanisms, a condition thought to underlie many chronic pain conditions. The purinergic receptors on sensory nerves primarily responsible for ATP signaling are P2X3 and P2X2/3. Selective knockdown experiments, or inhibition with small molecules, demonstrate P2X3-containing receptors are key targets to modulate nociceptive signals. Preclinical studies have identified that P2X3-containing receptors are critical for sensory transduction for bladder function, and clinical studies have shown promise in treatment for bladder pain and pain associated with osteoarthritis. Further clinical characterization of antagonists to P2X3-containing receptors may lead to improved therapies in the treatment of chronic pain.
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