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Narala VR, Narala SR, Aiya Subramani P, Panati K, Kolliputi N. Role of mitochondria in inflammatory lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1433961. [PMID: 39228517 PMCID: PMC11368744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1433961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a significant and varied role in inflammatory lung disorders. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell because of their role in producing energy, are now recognized as crucial regulators of inflammation and immunological responses. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by complex interactions between immune cells, inflammatory substances, and tissue damage. Dysfunctional mitochondria can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering inflammatory pathways. Moreover, mitochondrial failure impacts cellular signaling, which in turn affects the expression of molecules that promote inflammation. In addition, mitochondria have a crucial role in controlling the behavior of immune cells, such as their activation and differentiation, which is essential in the development of inflammatory lung diseases. Their dynamic behavior, encompassing fusion, fission, and mitophagy, also impacts cellular responses to inflammation and oxidative stress. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation between mitochondria and lung inflammation is essential in order to develop accurate treatment strategies. Targeting ROS generation, dynamics, and mitochondrial function may offer novel approaches to treating inflammatory lung diseases while minimizing tissue damage. Additional investigation into the precise contributions of mitochondria to lung inflammation will provide significant knowledge regarding disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches. This review will focus on how mitochondria in the lung regulate these processes and their involvement in acute and chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa, India
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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2
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Hatami M, Masoudi R, Hatefi A, Alipour-Jenaghard P, Esmaeili V. The effects of MitoQ as a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant in a plant-based extender on buck sperm quality parameters during cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 266:107517. [PMID: 38823234 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation plays an important role in the artificial insemination (AI) industry of small ruminants. It, however the use of frozen-thawed goat semen is limited due to the insufficient number of sperm with good biological functions. Mitochondria are the most sensitive organelles to cryopreservation damage in sperm. This study was conducted to determine the effects of MitoQ, the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, in a plant-based extender on the quality parameters of Markhoz goat sperm after the freezing and thawing process. Semen samples were collected and diluted in the extender, divided into five equal aliquots and supplemented with 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 nM MitoQ and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, sperm motility, membrane functionality, abnormal morphology, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, viability and apoptotic-like changes were measured. The use of 10 and 100 nM MitoQ resulted in higher (P≤0.05) total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), viability, membrane functionality, mitochondrial activity, and acrosome integrity compared to the other groups. On the other hand, LPO, apoptotic-like changes, DNA fragmentation and ROS concentration were lower (P≤0.05) in MQ10 and MQ100 groups compared to the other groups. MitoQ has no effect (P>0.05) on sperm abnormal morphology and velocity parameters. In conclusion, MitoQ can reduce oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial function during the cryopreservation process of buck sperm and could be an effective additive in the cryopreservation media to protect sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hatami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Masoudi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Hatefi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Esmaeili
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Lee R, Lee WY, Park HJ. Anticancer Effects of Mitoquinone via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4923. [PMID: 38732133 PMCID: PMC11084895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating female canine mammary gland tumors is crucial owing to their propensity for rapid progression and metastasis, significantly impacting the overall health and well-being of dogs. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), an antioxidant, has shown promise in inhibiting the migration, invasion, and clonogenicity of human breast cancer cells. Thus, we investigated MitoQ's potential anticancer properties against canine mammary gland tumor cells, CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg. MitoQ markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration of both CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg cells and induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with MitoQ led to increased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, including cleaved-caspase3, BAX, and phospho-p53. Cell cycle analysis revealed that MitoQ hindered cell progression in the G1 and S phases in CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg cells. These findings were supported using western blot analysis, demonstrating elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3, a hallmark of apoptosis, and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and cyclin D4, pivotal regulators of the cell cycle. In conclusion, MitoQ exhibits in vitro antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in canine mammary gland tumors, suggesting its potential as a preventive or therapeutic agent against canine mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
- Department Smart Life Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
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4
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Saravanakumar K, Park S, Vijayasarathy S, Swaminathan A, Sivasantosh S, Kim Y, Yoo G, Madhumitha H, MubarakAli D, Cho N. Cellular metabolism and health impacts of dichlorvos: Occurrence, detection, prevention, and remedial strategies-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117600. [PMID: 37939806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, [DDVP]) belongs to the class of organophosphates and is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture farming and post-harvest storage units. Extensive research has been conducted to assess the factors responsible for the presence of DDVP in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the entire food chain. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of DDVP metabolites in the food chain and their toxicity to mammals. These studies emphasize that both immediate and chronic exposure to DDVP can disrupt the host's homeostasis, leading to multi-organ damage. Furthermore, as a potent carcinogen, DDVP can harm aquatic systems. Therefore, understanding the contamination of DDVP and its toxicological effects on both plants and mammals is vital for minimizing potential risks and enhancing safety in the future. This review aimed to comprehensively consolidate information about the distribution, ecological effects, and health impacts of DDVP, as well as its metabolism, detection, prevention, and remediation strategies. In summary, this study observes the distribution of DDVP contaminations in vegetables and fruits, resulting in significant toxicity to humans. Although several detection and bioremediation strategies are emerging, the improper application of DDVP and the alarming level of DDVP contamination in foods lead to human toxicity that requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- The Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | | | - Yebon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hariharamohan Madhumitha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Namki Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Koyama H, Kamogashira T, Yamasoba T. Heavy Metal Exposure: Molecular Pathways, Clinical Implications, and Protective Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38247500 PMCID: PMC10812460 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are often found in soil and can contaminate drinking water, posing a serious threat to human health. Molecular pathways and curation therapies for mitigating heavy metal toxicity have been studied for a long time. Recent studies on oxidative stress and aging have shown that the molecular foundation of cellular damage caused by heavy metals, namely, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial stress, share the same pathways as those involved in cellular senescence and aging. In recent aging studies, many types of heavy metal exposures have been used in both cellular and animal aging models. Chelation therapy is a traditional treatment for heavy metal toxicity. However, recently, various antioxidants have been found to be effective in treating heavy metal-induced damage, shifting the research focus to investigating the interplay between antioxidants and heavy metals. In this review, we introduce the molecular basis of heavy metal-induced cellular damage and its relationship with aging, summarize its clinical implications, and discuss antioxidants and other agents with protective effects against heavy metal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Koyama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
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Sharma M, Punetha M, Saini S, Chaudhary S, Jinagal S, Thakur S, Kumar P, Kumar R, Sharma RK, Yadav PS, Kumar D. Mito-Q supplementation of in vitro maturation or in vitro culture medium improves maturation of buffalo oocytes and developmental competence of cloned embryos by reducing ROS production. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 260:107382. [PMID: 38035499 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mito-Q is a well-known mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger. To our knowledge, the effect of Mito-Q on buffalo oocyte maturation and developmental competency of cloned embryos has not been examined. To investigate the effects of Mito-Q on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo oocytes and the developmental competence of cloned embryos, different concentration of Mito-Q were supplemented with IVM (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 μM) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium (0, 0.1 μM). Supplementation of IVM medium with 0.1 μM Mito-Q significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and antioxidants genes (GPX1 and SOD2) expression and effectively reduced ROS production leading to a significant improvement in the maturation rate of buffalo oocytes. Further, the supplementation of 0.1 μM Mito-Q in IVC medium promotes the cleavage and blastocyst rate significantly over the control. Mito-Q supplementation improves (P ≤ 0.05) MMP, antioxidant gene (GPX1) expression and reduced the ROS level and apoptosis related genes (caspase 9) expression in cloned blastocysts. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the supplementation of 0.1 μM Mito-Q in IVM and IVC media exerts a protective role against oxidative stress by reducing ROS production and improving MMP, fostering improved maturation of buffalo oocytes and enhanced developmental competence of cloned embryos. These findings contribute valuable insights into the optimization of assisted reproductive technologies protocols for buffalo breeding and potentially offer novel strategies to enhance reproductive outcomes in livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India; Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Meeti Punetha
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Sujata Jinagal
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Swati Thakur
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - P S Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India.
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Song W, Shan A. Vitamin E-Inhibited Phoxim-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro of Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2000. [PMID: 38001853 PMCID: PMC10668979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to phoxim at low levels caused bioaccumulation with neurotoxicity but also induced oxidative stress, tissue damage, and abnormal nutrient metabolism. This study described that vitamin E ameliorates phoxim-induced nephrotoxicity via inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. In vivo, 24 healthy piglets were treated with phoxim (0 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and vitamin E + phoxim (vitamin E + phoxim: 200 mg/kg + 500 mg/kg). In vitro, PK15 cells were treated with phoxim (0 mg/L and 1 mg/L) and vitamin E + phoxim (phoxim + vitamin E: 1 mg/L + 1 mg/L) for 12 h and 24 h. Our results indicated that accumulation of ROS, oxidative stress, and renal cell injury through stimulation of mitochondrial apoptosis resulted in phoxim-induced nephrotoxicity. Phoxim resulted in swollen mitochondria, blurred internal cristae, renal glomerular atrophy, and renal interstitial fibrosis. Vitamin E alleviated the adverse effects of phoxim by reducing ROS and improving antioxidant capacity in vivo and in vitro. Vitamin E significantly increased SDH in vitro (p < 0.01), while it decreased ROS, Bad, and cyto-c in vitro and SOD and CAT in vivo (p < 0.05). Vitamin E ameliorated phoxim-induced renal histopathologic changes, and mitochondria swelled. In addition, vitamin E regulates phoxim-induced apoptosis by alleviating oxidative damage to the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuecheng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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8
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Ibrahim AA, Abdel Mageed SS, Safar MM, El-Yamany MF, Oraby MA. MitoQ alleviates hippocampal damage after cerebral ischemia: The potential role of SIRT6 in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Life Sci 2023; 328:121895. [PMID: 37385372 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial perturbations are the major culprit of the inflammatory response during the initial phase of cerebral ischemia. The present study explored the neuroprotective effect of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, Mitoquinol (MitoQ), against hippocampal neuronal loss in an experimental model of brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MAIN METHODS Rats were subjected to common carotid artery occlusion for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. MitoQ (2 mg/kg; i.p daily) was administered for 7 successive days prior to the induction of brain ischemia. KEY FINDINGS I/R rats exhibited hippocampal damage evidenced by aggravated mitochondrial oxidative stress, thereby enhancing mtROS and oxidized mtDNA, together with inhibiting mtGSH. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function were also affected, as reflected by the reduction of PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF-1 levels, as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm (. These changes were associated with neuroinflammation, apoptosis, impairment of cognitive function as well as hippocampal neurodegenerative changes in histopathological examination. Notably, SIRT6 was suppressed. Pretreatment with MitoQ markedly potentiated SIRT6, modulated mitochondrial oxidative status and restored mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In addition, MitoQ alleviated the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-1β and dampened GFAB immunoexpression along with downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression. Reversal of hippocampal function by MitoQ was accompanied by improved cognitive function and hippocampal morphological aberrations. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that MitoQ preserved rats' hippocampi from I/R insults via maintenance of mitochondrial redox status, biogenesis, and activity along with mitigation of neuroinflammation and apoptosis, thereby regulating SIRT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Ibrahim
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mamdouh A Oraby
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, 11829 Cairo, Egypt.
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Golomb BA, Han JH. Adverse effect propensity: A new feature of Gulf War illness predicted by environmental exposures. iScience 2023; 26:107363. [PMID: 37554469 PMCID: PMC10405325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A third of 1990-1 Gulf-deployed personnel developed drug/chemical-induced multisymptom illness, "Gulf War illness" (GWI). Veterans with GWI (VGWI) report increased drug/exposure adverse effects (AEs). Using previously collected data from a case-control study, we evaluated whether the fraction of exposures that engendered AEs ("AE Propensity") is increased in VGWI (it was); whether AE Propensity is related to self-rated "chemical sensitivity" (it did); and whether specific exposures "predicted" AE Propensity (they did). Pesticides and radiation exposure were significant predictors, with copper significantly "protective"-in the total sample (adjusted for GWI-status) and separately in VGWI and controls, on multivariable regression. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress (OS) underlie AEs from many exposures irrespective of nominal specific mechanism. We hypothesize that mitochondrial toxicity and interrelated OS from pesticides and radiation position people on the steep part of the curve of mitochondrial impairment and OS versus symptom/biological disruption, amplifying impact of new exposures. Copper, meanwhile, is involved in critical OS detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A. Golomb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Zou S, Wang Q, He Q, Liu G, Song J, Li J, Wang F, Huang Y, Hu Y, Zhou D, Lv Y, Zhu Y, Wang B, Zhang L. Brain-targeted nanoreactors prevent the development of organophosphate-induced delayed neurological damage. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:256. [PMID: 37550745 PMCID: PMC10405429 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate (OP)-induced delayed neurological damage is attributed to permanent neuropathological lesions caused by irreversible OP-neurocyte interactions, without potent brain-targeted etiological antidotes to date. The development of alternative therapies to achieve intracerebral OP detoxification is urgently needed. METHODS We designed a brain-targeted nanoreactor by integrating enzyme immobilization and biomimetic membrane camouflaging protocols with careful characterization, and then examined its blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the oxidative stress parameters, neuroinflammatory factors, apoptotic proteins and histopathological changes were measured and neurobehavioral tests were performed. RESULTS The well-characterized nanoreactors exerted favourable BBB penetration capability both in vitro and in vivo, significantly inhibiting OP-induced intracerebral damage. At the cellular and tissue levels, nanoreactors obviously blocked oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, inflammatory reactions and brain histopathological damage. Furthermore, nanoreactors radically prevented the occurrence of OP-induced delayed cognitive deficits and psychiatric abnormality. CONCLUSION The nanoreactors significantly prevented the development of OP-induced delayed neurological damage, suggesting a potential brain-targeted etiological strategy to attenuate OP-related delayed neurological and neurobehavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Zou
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qian He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juxingsi Song
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dayuan Zhou
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongfei Lv
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhu
- Department of Marine Biological Injury and Dermatology, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Rarinca V, Nicoara MN, Ureche D, Ciobica A. Exploitation of Quercetin's Antioxidative Properties in Potential Alternative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1418. [PMID: 37507955 PMCID: PMC10376113 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a condition in which there is an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, which can lead to cell and tissue damage. This occurs when there is an overproduction of ROS or when the body's antioxidant defense systems are overwhelmed. Quercetin (Que) is part of a group of compounds called flavonoids. It is found in high concentrations in vegetables, fruits, and other foods. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of flavonoids to modulate neuronal function and prevent age-related neurodegeneration. Therefore, Que has been shown to have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to its antioxidant character, Que alleviates oxidative stress, thus improving cognitive function, reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, Que can also help support the body's natural antioxidant defense systems, thus being a potentially practical supplement for managing OS. This review focuses on experimental studies supporting the neuroprotective effects of Que in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Rarinca
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicusor Nicoara
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dorel Ureche
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University Vasile Alecsandri of Bacau, Calea Marasesti Street, No 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, No 8, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, No 54, Independence Street, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Márquez BT, Leung TCS, Hui J, Charron F, McKinney RA, Watt AJ. A mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) improves motor coordination and reduces Purkinje cell death in a mouse model of ARSACS. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 183:106157. [PMID: 37209925 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial deficits have been observed in animal models of Autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of the Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) and in patient-derived fibroblasts. We investigated whether mitochondrial function could be restored in Sacs-/- mice, a mouse model of ARSACS, using the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant ubiquinone MitoQ. After 10 weeks of chronic MitoQ administration in drinking water, we partially reversed motor coordination deficits in Sacs-/- mice but did not affect litter-matched wild-type control mice. MitoQ administration led to a restoration of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in cerebellar Purkinje cell somata without altering Purkinje cell firing deficits. Purkinje cells in anterior vermis of Sacs-/- mice normally undergo cell death in ARSACS; however, Purkinje cells numbers were elevated after chronic MitoQ treatment. Furthermore, Purkinje cell innervation of target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei of Sacs-/- mice were also partially restored with MitoQ treatment. Our data suggest that MitoQ is a potential therapeutic treatment for ARSACS and that it improves motor coordination via increasing cerebellar Purkinje cell mitochondria function and reducing Purkinje cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeanette Hui
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - François Charron
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alanna J Watt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Melnikov K, Kucharíková S, Bárdyová Z, Botek N, Kaiglová A. Applications of a powerful model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to study the neurotoxicity induced by heavy metals and pesticides. Physiol Res 2023; 72:149-166. [PMID: 37159850 PMCID: PMC10226405 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of industry and the use of pesticides in agriculture represent one of the major causes of environmental contamination. Unfortunately, individuals and animals are exposed to these foreign and often toxic substances on a daily basis. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the impact of such chemicals on human health. Several in vitro studies have addressed this issue, but it is difficult to explore the impact of these compounds on living organisms. A nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become a useful alternative to animal models mainly because of its transparent body, fast growth, short life cycle, and easy cultivation. Furthermore, at the molecular level, there are significant similarities between humans and C. elegans. These unique features make it an excellent model to complement mammalian models in toxicology research. Heavy metals and pesticides, which are considered environmental contaminants, are known to have affected the locomotion, feeding behavior, brood size, growth, life span, and cell death of C. elegans. Today, there are increasing numbers of research articles dedicated to this topic, of which we summarized the most recent findings dedicated to the effect of heavy metals, heavy metal mixtures, and pesticides on the well-characterized nervous system of this nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Melnikov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, University in Trnava, Slovakia.
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14
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Lee YH, Kuk MU, So MK, Song ES, Lee H, Ahn SK, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress as a Strategy to Treat Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040934. [PMID: 37107309 PMCID: PMC10136354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the organelles undergoing rapid alteration during the senescence process. Senescent cells show an increase in mitochondrial size, which is attributed to the accumulation of defective mitochondria, which causes mitochondrial oxidative stress. Defective mitochondria are also targets of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the vicious cycle between defective mitochondria and mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the onset and development of aging and age-related diseases. Based on the findings, strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress have been suggested for the effective treatment of aging and age-related diseases. In this article, we discuss mitochondrial alterations and the consequent increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress. Then, the causal role of mitochondrial oxidative stress on aging is investigated by examining how aging and age-related diseases are exacerbated by induced stress. Furthermore, we assess the importance of targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress for the regulation of aging and suggest different therapeutic strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress. Therefore, this review will not only shed light on a new perspective on the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging but also provide effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases through the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyoung So
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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15
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Punetha M, Saini S, Chaudhary S, Bala R, Sharma M, Kumar P, Kumar D, Yadav PS. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates ROS production and improves cell viability in cryopreserved buffalo fibroblasts. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102067. [PMID: 36958101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation commonly decreases the cellular functionality and post-thaw viability of cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cryopreservation degrade mitochondrial activity and promote the release of cytochrome C which activates caspases required for apoptosis. Antioxidants have the potential to improve the recovery efficiency of cells by reducing ROS production and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The present study was conducted to explore the role of MitoQ, a derivative of coenzyme Q10 on cryopreserved fibroblasts derived from buffalo skin. To achieve our goal, buffalo skin fibroblasts were treated with varying concentrations of MitoQ (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10 μM) for 24, 48, and 72 h. The MMP, ROS generation, cell viability was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of genes related to mitochondrial oxidative stress (NRF2, GPX, and SOD), apoptosis (BAK and caspase 3) and cell proliferation (AKT) were also assessed. The results showed that over a period of 72 h lower concentrations of MitoQ (0.1-0.5 μM) decrease the ROS production, improves MMP and cell viability whilst the high concentration of MitoQ (2-10 μM) increased the oxidative damage to the cells. Taken together, our study provide important insights into the novel role of MitoQ in cryopreserved buffalo skin fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated the dose-dependent functional role of MitoQ on cryopreserved fibroblasts for improving post-thaw cell viability and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeti Punetha
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Renu Bala
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Maninder Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - P S Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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16
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Rezaei A, Bahmani HR, Mafakheri S, Farshad A, Nazari P, Masoudi R. Protective effects of different doses of MitoQ separately and combined with trehalose on oxidative stress and sperm function of cryopreserved Markhoz goat semen. Cryobiology 2023; 110:36-43. [PMID: 36581061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ has been regarded as an effective antioxidant agent against cryo-induced oxidative cellular damage. This study aimed to evaluate the use of different doses of MitoQ combined with trehalose to minimize mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress during sperm cryopreservation of Markhoz goat. For this, semen samples (n = 50) were collected by electroejaculation every 5 days from 5 bucks in 10 replicates. On each collection day, 5 ejaculates (one ejaculate for each buck) were pooled and then diluted in eight different Tris-based extenders as follows: no additives (control), 20, 200, 2000 nM of MitoQ (MT20, MT200, MT 2000, respectively), 150 mM of trehalose (Tr), MT20+Tr, MT200+Tr, MT2000+Tr. The semen samples were frozen using a standard protocol, and sperm function and oxidative stress were evaluated after thawing. The semen extender supplemented with MT200+Tr had higher (P < 0.05) total and progressive motility, acrosome and membrane integrity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and lower (P < 0.05) DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde and intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels than the all other groups except MT200; meanwhile, MT200 was also improved (P < 0.05) in these parameters than in the control group. Furthermore, MT200 and MT200+Tr showed higher (P < 0.05) percentages of live cryopreserved sperm with high mitochondrial activity than other groups. However, abnormality percentage and catalase activity of frozen-thawed sperm were not affected by treatments (P > 0.05). To conclude, we have found that supplementation of 200 nM MitoQ alone or in combination with 150 mM trehalose to semen extender improved the quality of cryopreserved sperm in goats, which is associated with enhanced antioxidant enzymatic defense and mitochondrial activity and reduced DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, 6616936311, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 661715175, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Bahmani
- Department of Animal Science, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, 6616936311, Iran.
| | - Shiva Mafakheri
- Department of Animal Science, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, 6616936311, Iran.
| | - Abbas Farshad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 661715175, Iran.
| | - Parisa Nazari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 661715175, Iran.
| | - Reza Masoudi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 3146618361, Iran.
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17
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Singh J, Phogat A, Kumar V, Malik V. N-Acetylcysteine Mediated Regulation of MnSOD, UCP-2 and Cytochrome C Associated with Amelioration of Monocrotophos-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Toxicol Int 2023. [DOI: 10.18311/ti/2022/v29i4/30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are now a risk to the environment and public health. Monocrotophos (MCP) is known to cause organ toxicity and impart degenerative effects at cellular levels. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a natural antioxidant having various prophylactic properties. Male Wistar rats were given NAC (200 mg/kg b.wt), MCP (0.9 mg/kg b.wt) and NAC followed by MCP; intragastrically for 28 consecutive days. Regulation of MnSOD, UCP-2 and cytochrome c was analyzed by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction. Histology, electron microscopy and weight parameters were evaluated in the liver. MCP exposure significantly decreased body weight gain, relative liver weight, and structural changes. Altered MnSOD protein expression, decreased transcription of UCP-2 and MnSOD, and released cytochrome c indicated that oxidative stress is involved in MCP exposure. Treatment of NAC to MCP-exposed rats normalized the weight and structural changes, restored MnSOD and UCP-2 levels and prevented the release of cytochrome c. The present study suggests that the regulation of UCP-2, MnSOD and cytochrome c is involved in NAC efficacy against MCP toxicity. These findings illustrate that NAC can serve as a potential therapeutic agent for toxicity and oxidative stress in mammals.
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18
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Carrara A, Pola I, Floris E, Ricevuti G, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer's Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:180. [PMID: 36671042 PMCID: PMC9855271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pola
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Floris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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19
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Neurotoxicity evoked by organophosphates and available countermeasures. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:39-72. [PMID: 36335468 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are a constant problem, both in the military and in the civilian field, not only in the form of acute poisoning but also for their long-lasting consequences. No antidote has been found that satisfactorily protects against the toxic effects of organophosphates. Likewise, there is no universal cure to avert damage after poisoning. The key mechanism of organophosphate toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The overstimulation of nicotinic or muscarinic receptors by accumulated acetylcholine on a synaptic cleft leads to activation of the glutamatergic system and the development of seizures. Further consequences include generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, and the formation of various other neuropathologists. In this review, we present neuroprotection strategies which can slow down the secondary nerve cell damage and alleviate neurological and neuropsychiatric disturbance. In our opinion, there is no unequivocal approach to ensure neuroprotection, however, sooner the neurotoxicity pathway is targeted, the better the results which can be expected. It seems crucial to target the key propagation pathways, i.e., to block cholinergic and, foremostly, glutamatergic cascades. Currently, the privileged approach oriented to stimulating GABAAR by benzodiazepines is of limited efficacy, so that antagonizing the hyperactivity of the glutamatergic system could provide an even more efficacious approach for terminating OP-induced seizures and protecting the brain from permanent damage. Encouraging results have been reported for tezampanel, an antagonist of GluK1 kainate and AMPA receptors, especially in combination with caramiphen, an anticholinergic and anti-glutamatergic agent. On the other hand, targeting ROS by antioxidants cannot or already developed neuroinflammation does not seem to be very productive as other processes are also involved.
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20
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Zou M, Huang M, Zhang J, Chen R. Exploring the effects and mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticide exposure and hearing loss. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1001760. [PMID: 36438228 PMCID: PMC9692084 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many environmental factors, such as noise, chemicals, and heavy metals, are mostly produced by human activities and easily induce acquired hearing loss. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) constitute a large variety of chemicals and have high usage with potentiate damage to human health. Moreover, their metabolites also show a serious potential contamination of soil, water, and air, leading to a serious impact on people's health. Hearing loss affects 430 million people (5.5% of the global population), bringing a heavy burden to individual patients and their families and society. However, the potential risk of hearing damage by OPs has not been taken seriously. In this study, we summarized the effects of OPs on hearing loss from epidemiological population studies and animal experiments. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of OP-induced hearing loss are elucidated from oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory response. Overall, this review provides an overview of OP exposure alone or with noise that leads to hearing loss in human and experimental animals.
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21
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Costantini E, Masciarelli E, Casorri L, Di Luigi M, Reale M. Medicinal herbs and multiple sclerosis: Overview on the hard balance between new therapeutic strategy and occupational health risk. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:985943. [PMID: 36439198 PMCID: PMC9688751 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.985943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite its spread throughout the world, the mechanisms that determine its onset are still to be defined. Immunological, genetic, viral, and environmental factors and exposure to chemicals may trigger MS. Many studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of medicinal herbs, which make them a natural and complementary treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. A severe reduction of several MS symptoms occurs with herbal therapy. Thus, the request for medicinal plants with potential beneficial effects, for MS patients, is constantly increasing. Consequently, a production increase needs. Unfortunately, many medicinal herbs were untested and their action mechanism, possible adverse effects, contraindications, or interactions with other drugs, are poorly or not investigated. Keeping in mind the pathological mechanisms of MS and the oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by pesticides, it is important to understand if pesticides used to increase agricultural productivity and their residues in medicinal plants, may increase the risk of developing MS in both workers and consumers. Studies providing some indication about the relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and MS disease incidence are few, fragmentary, and discordant. The aim of this article is to provide a glance at the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and at the risk for MS onset of pesticides used by medicinal plant growers and present in medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eva Masciarelli
- Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Casorri
- Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Luigi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research Center, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marcella Reale,
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22
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Shan S, Liu Z, Liu Z, Zhang C, Song F. MitoQ alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice through regulating JNK/YAP pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:852-862. [PMID: 36337246 PMCID: PMC9618106 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is a pathological wound-healing response caused by chronic liver damage. Mitochondria regulate hepatic energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Accumulating evidence has revealed that increased mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the activation of fibrogenesis. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidative stress in liver fibrosis remain unknown. Methods and results In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of liver fibrosis via oral gavage with CCl4 treatment for 8 weeks. Furthermore, intervention experiments were achieved by CCl4 combined with the intraperitoneal injection of mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ). We demonstrated that the chronic CCl4 exposure resulted in severe hepatic fibrogenesis and significantly promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial abnormalities. Besides, JNK/YAP pathway was also activated. By contrast, the administration of mitoQ markedly inhibited the expression of pro-fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β as well as type I collagen. The antifibrotic effects of mitoQ were also confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining. Moreover, mitoQ substantially reduced CCl4-induced mitochondrial damage and the release of ROS. Further studies suggested that this protection against liver fibrosis was mechanistically related to the inhibition of phosphorylation of JNK and the nuclear translocation of YAP. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings revealed that mitoQ attenuated liver fibrosis by inhibiting ROS production and the JNK/YAP signaling pathway. Selective targeting JNK/YAP may serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding progression of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
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23
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Ogunro OB, Salawu AO, Alotaibi SS, Albogami SM, Batiha GES, Waard MD. Quercetin-3-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside-Rich Fraction from Spondias mombin Leaves Halted Responses from Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Brain of Dichlorvos-Treated Wistar Rats. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080477. [PMID: 36006156 PMCID: PMC9413772 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (2,3-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate or DDVP), is a popular organophosphate (OP) with several domestic, industrial, and agricultural uses and applications in developing countries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan 200213, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240222, Nigeria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +234-8069845995
| | - Akeem Oni Salawu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240222, Nigeria
| | - Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira 22511, Egypt
| | - Michel De Waard
- L’Institut Du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
- LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne, France
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Adisa RA, Sulaimon LA, Okeke EG, Ariyo OC, Abdulkareem FB. Mitoquinol mesylate (MITOQ) attenuates diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:275-291. [PMID: 35874502 PMCID: PMC9247134 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) induced cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model associates cancer progression with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ), a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant on DEN-induced oxidative damage in HCC Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Healthy control, DEN, and MitoQ groups were orally administered exactly 10 mg/kg of distilled water, DEN, and MitoQ, respectively for 16 weeks. Animals in the MitoQ + DEN group were pre-treated with MitoQ for a week followed by co-administration of 10 mg/kg each of MitoQ and DEN. DEN + MitoQ group received DEN for 8 weeks, then co-administration of 10 mg/kg each of DEN and MitoQ till the end of 16th week. Survival index, tumour incidence, hematological profile, liver function indices, lipid profile, mitochondrial membrane composition, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and antioxidant defense status in both mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial fractions plus expression of antioxidant genes were assessed. In MitoQ + DEN and DEN + MitoQ groups, 80% survival occurred while tumour incidence decreased by 60% and 40% respectively, compared to the DEN-only treated group. Similarly, MitoQ-administered groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of liver function enzymes while hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and packed cell volume were significantly elevated compared to the DEN-only treated group. Administration of MitoQ to the DEN-intoxicated groups successfully enhanced the activities of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase; and up-regulated the expression and activities of SOD2, CAT, and GPx1. Macroscopic and microscopic features indicated a reversal of DEN-induced hepatocellular degeneration in the MitoQ + DEN and DEN + MitoQ groups. These data revealed that MitoQ intervention attenuated DEN-induced oxidative stress through modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems and alleviated the burden of HCC as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Adetutu Adisa
- Laboratories for Bio-membranes and Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Nigeria
| | - Lateef Adegboyega Sulaimon
- Laboratories for Bio-membranes and Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Nigeria
| | - Ebele Geraldine Okeke
- Laboratories for Bio-membranes and Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Christianah Ariyo
- Laboratories for Bio-membranes and Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Nigeria
| | - Fatimah B. Abdulkareem
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences,, College of Medicine of University of Lagos, Idi-araba, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
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25
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A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanistic Way of Hexaflumuron and Hymexazol Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3051-3062. [PMID: 35773501 PMCID: PMC9470636 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to kill pests, but their action is non-selective and results in several hazardous effects on humans and animals. Pesticide toxicity has been demonstrated to alter a variety of neurological functions and predisposes to various neurodegenerative diseases. Although, there is no data available for hexaflumuron (HFM) and hymexazol (HML) neurotoxicity. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms of HFM and HML neurotoxicity. 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups and daily received the treatment via oral gavage for 14 days as follows: group (1) normal saline, group (2) HFM (1/100LD50), and group (3) HML (1/100 LD50). Our results revealed that both HFM and HML produced a significant increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH and CAT activity in some brain areas. There were severe histopathological alterations mainly neuronal necrosis and gliosis in different examined areas. Upregulation of mRNA levels of JNK and Bax with downregulation of Bcl-2 was also recorded in both pesticides exposed groups. In all studied toxicological parameters, HML produced neurotoxicity more than HFM. HFM targets the cerebral cortex and striatum, while HML targets the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We can conclude that both HFM and HML provoke neurobehavioral toxicity through oxidative stress that impairs the mitochondrial function and activates the JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Rauf A, Badoni H, Abu-Izneid T, Olatunde A, Rahman MM, Painuli S, Semwal P, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103194. [PMID: 35630670 PMCID: PMC9146652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a protective response of the central nervous system (CNS), is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS is composed of neurons and glial cells consisting of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Entry of any foreign pathogen activates the glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and overactivation of these cells triggers the release of various neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), among others. Various studies have shown the role of neuroinflammatory markers in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These markers also trigger the formation of various other factors responsible for causing several neuronal diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemia, and several others. This comprehensive review aims to reveal the mechanism of neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), which could cause different neurodegenerative disorders. Important NMs may represent pathophysiologic processes leading to the generation of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, various molecular alterations related to neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. Identifying these NMs may assist in the early diagnosis and detection of therapeutic targets for treating various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Himani Badoni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun 248006, India;
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University for Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria;
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed To Be University), Dehradun 248002, India;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
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27
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Gu Y, Li G, Huang C, Liu P, Hu G, Wu C, Xu Z, Guo X, Liu P. Dichlorvos poisoning caused chicken cerebrum tissue damage and related apoptosis-related gene changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147051. [PMID: 34088127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorus compound with insecticidal effects. Organophosphorus pesticides can easily enter humans or animals through various channels, causing cerebrum nerve cell damage. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether acute dichlorvos poisoning can cause cerebrum neurotoxic injury and change the expression of apoptosis-related genes in broilers, further clarify the neurotoxic mechanism after acute dichlorvos exposure, and provide a research basis for prevention, treatment and gene drug screening in the later stage. In this experiment, healthy yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to the control group, the low-dose group (1.13 mg/kg) and the high-dose group (10.2 mg/kg) for modelling observation, and detection was conducted based on H&E (haematoxylin and eosin) staining, transmission electron microscopy analysis of tissue sections, immunofluorescence techniques and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that organophosphorus poisoning was accompanied by obvious neurological symptoms such as limb twitching and massive salivation. In addition, we observed that compared with the control group, the number of lysed nuclear neurons, deformed vascular sheaths, and glial cells and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the poisoned group of broilers increased significantly, and the increase was more obvious in the low-dose group. However, cell apoptosis and mitochondrial structure dissolution were most pronounced in the high-dose group. Moreover, the qRT-PCR results also revealed significant changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes. The expression levels of ACC, LKB1 and GPAT increased significantly, while the expression of HMGR, PPARα, CPT1 and AMPKα1 decreased significantly. In summary, these results indicated that dichlorvos may cause the lysis of cerebrum nerve cell nuclei, completely destroy the structure of mitochondria, change the expression of related apoptotic genes, enhance cell apoptosis, and cause neurogenic damage to the cerebrum. These research results offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of acute organophosphate toxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Gu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States of America
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
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28
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Raju RP, Terry AV. Dysregulation of cellular energetics in Gulf War Illness. Toxicology 2021; 461:152894. [PMID: 34389359 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is estimated to have affected about one third of the Veterans who participated in the first Persian Gulf War. The symptoms of GWI include chronic neurologic impairments, chronic fatigue syndrome, as well as fibromyalgia and immune system disorders, collectively referred to as chronic multi-symptom illness. Thirty years after the war, we still do not have an effective treatment for GWI. It is necessary to understand the molecular basis of the symptoms of GWI in order to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies. Cellular energetics are critical to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, a process that is highly dependent on intact mitochondrial function and there is significant evidence from both human studies and animal models that mitochondrial impairments may lead to GWI symptoms. The available clinical and pre-clinical data suggest that agents that improve mitochondrial function have the potential to restore cellular energetics and treat GWI. To date, the experiments conducted in animal models of GWI have mainly focused on neurobehavioral aspects of the illness. Additional studies to address the fundamental biological processes that trigger the dysregulation of cellular energetics in GWI are warranted to better understand the underlying pathology and to develop new treatment methods. This review highlights studies related to mitochondrial dysfunction observed in both GW veterans and in animal models of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States.
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
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29
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Medala VK, Gollapelli B, Dewanjee S, Ogunmokun G, Kandimalla R, Vallamkondu J. Mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and role of dynamin-related protein 1 in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1120-1135. [PMID: 33465841 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and progressive neurodegenerative disease. The presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated Tau tangles are considered to be the two main hallmarks of AD. Recent findings have shown that different changes in the structure and dynamics of mitochondria play an important role in AD pathology progression. Mitochondrial changes in AD are expressed as enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and changes in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, targeting mitochondria and associated mitochondrial proteins seems to be a promising alternative instead of targeting Aβ and Tau in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. The dynamin-related protein (Drp1) is one such protein that plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial division and maintenance of mitochondrial structures. Few researchers have shown that inhibition of Drp1 GTPase activity in neuronal cells rescues excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. In addition, the growing evidence revealed that Drp1 can interact with both Aβ and Tau protein in human brain tissues and mouse models. In this review, we would like to update existing knowledge about various changes in and around mitochondria related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, with particular emphasis on mitophagy and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buchaiah Gollapelli
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India
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30
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Yang X, Gong J, Zhang X, Zhang W, Li D, Lin J, Li X, Chai Y, Liu J. The responses of the growth, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes activities and the metabolomics in earthworms to sublethal doses of dichlorvos in soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111547. [PMID: 33254406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed to sublethal doses of dichlorvos (spiked concentration of 0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/kg) in soil for 14 days, the metabolomics and activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4) of earthworms were analyzed aiming to identify sensitive biomarkers and reveal possible mode of toxic action. The results showed that CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 activity appeared to be more sensitive than CYP3A4 activity in response to dichlorvos, and that metabolic responses based on the metabolomics depended on both of the length of exposure and exposure dose. Malate, ornithine, glucose, inosine, myo-inositol and some amino acids (glutamine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, histidine, glutamate, lysine) and CYP isozenzymes may be biomarkers to reveal the toxic effect of dichlorvos on earthworms. Compared to controls, when dichlorvos dose reached 1.0 and 10 mg/kg on day 14, glucose and ornithine increased significantly, malate and some amino acids (glutamine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine) decreased significantly, and activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 were inhibited significantly. The current results suggested that 1.0 and 10 mg/kg dichlorvos for 14 days of exposure blocked energy metabolism, disordered Krebs cycle, interfered amino acids metabolism and evoked toxic effects on earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiuping Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianyan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chai
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
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31
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Abstract
Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade(s), numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular fate and function of lymphoid and myeloid cells, giving rise to an area of research referred to as immunometabolism. Upon activation, however, immune cells not only engage specific metabolic pathways but also rearrange their oxidation-reduction (redox) system, which in turn supports metabolic reprogramming. In fact, studies addressing the redox metabolism of immune cells are an emerging field in immunology. Here, we summarize recent insights revealing the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the differential requirement of the main cellular antioxidant pathways, including the components of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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32
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Hirata Y, Kuwabara K, Takashima M, Murai T. Hormetic Effects of Binaphthyl Phosphonothioates as Pro-oxidants and Antioxidants. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2892-2902. [PMID: 33118805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorous compounds with such a wide variety in structure, application, and biochemical activities include pesticides, herbicides, nerve agents, medicines, reagents in organic chemistry, and additives for polymers. Binaphthyl phosphono-, phosphorothioates, and their derivatives, are useful chiral catalysts for various asymmetric reactions and are expected to act as heavy metal scavengers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the neurotoxicity and biochemical properties of a new series of binaphthyl phosphonothioates called KK compounds using the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Despite negligible structural difference, the compounds exhibited differential general cytotoxic activity which was independent of acetylcholine esterase inhibition; on the other hand, all compounds tested prevented endogenous oxidative stress by suppressing generation of reactive oxygen species. Among them, KK397, KK387, KK410, and KK421 showed hormesis, i.e., biphasic dose responses to endogenous oxidative stress, characterized by beneficial effect at low dose and toxic effect at high dose. At cytotoxic concentrations, these compounds were potent radical generators and activated intracellular signaling molecules such as the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153, X-box binding protein 1, and heme oxygenase 1, which are preferentially activated by cell stress-inducing signals, including oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These findings indicated that novel binaphthyl phosphonothioates can exhibit multiple biochemical properties, functioning as antioxidants and/or pro-oxidants, depending on the concentration, and chemical modification of binaphthyl organophosphorus compounds endowed them with unique characteristics and multiple beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kuwabara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Madoka Takashima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,NAGARAGAWA Research Center, API Co., Ltd., Gifu 502-0071, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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33
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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34
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Zhu M, Meng P, Ling X, Zhou L. Advancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320964125. [PMID: 33133476 PMCID: PMC7576933 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320964125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a high burden on society, both medically and economically. Cellular senescence plays an essential role in the initiation of aging and age-related diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic value of senescent cell deletion in natural aging and many age-related disorders. However, the therapeutic strategies for manipulating cellular senescence are still at an early stage of development. Among these strategies, therapeutic drugs that target cellular senescence are arguably the most highly anticipated. Many recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of drugs exhibit healthy aging effects. In this review, we summarize different types of drugs promoting healthy aging – such as senolytics, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inhibitors, and nutrient signaling regulators – and provide an update on their potential therapeutic merits. Taken together, our review synthesizes recent advancements in the therapeutic potentialities of drugs promoting healthy aging with regard to their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou 510515, China
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35
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Williamson J, Hughes CM, Cobley JN, Davison GW. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ, attenuates exercise-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101673. [PMID: 32810739 PMCID: PMC7452004 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in skeletal muscle. Whether MitoQ - a redox active mitochondrial targeted quinone - can reduce exercise-induced mtDNA damage is unknown. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, twenty-four healthy male participants consisting of two groups (placebo; n = 12, MitoQ; n = 12) performed an exercise trial of 4 x 4-min bouts at 90–95% of heart rate max. Participants completed an acute (20 mg MitoQ or placebo 1-h pre-exercise) and chronic (21 days of supplementation) phase. Blood and skeletal muscle were sampled immediately pre- and post-exercise and analysed for nuclear and mtDNA damage, lipid hydroperoxides, lipid soluble antioxidants, and the ascorbyl free radical. Exercise significantly increased nuclear and mtDNA damage across lymphocytes and muscle (P < 0.05), which was accompanied with changes in lipid hydroperoxides, ascorbyl free radical, and α-tocopherol (P < 0.05). Acute MitoQ treatment failed to impact any biomarker likely due to insufficient initial bioavailability. However, chronic MitoQ treatment attenuated nuclear (P < 0.05) and mtDNA damage in lymphocytes and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). Our work is the first to show a protective effect of chronic MitoQ supplementation on the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in lymphocytes and human muscle tissue following exercise, which is important for genome stability. Exercise damages mitochondrial DNA in lymphocytes and muscle tissue. Acute MitoQ ingestion has no impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Chronic MitoQ supplementation protects mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Williamson
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ciara M Hughes
- Ulster University, Nursing and Health Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James N Cobley
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Farkhondeh T, Mehrpour O, Forouzanfar F, Roshanravan B, Samarghandian S. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in organophosphate pesticide-induced neurotoxicity and its amelioration: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24799-24814. [PMID: 32358751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used for controlling pests worldwide. The inhibitory effects of these pesticides on acetylcholinesterase lead to neurotoxic damages. The oxidative stress is responsible for several neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, seizure, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Strong evidence suggests that dysfunction of mitochondria and oxidative stress are involved in neurological diseases. OPs can disturb the function of mitochondria by inducing oxidative stress. In the present study, we tried to highlight the role of dysfunction of mitochondria and the induction of oxidative stress in the neurotoxicity induced by OPs. Additionally, the amelioration of OP-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunctional through the chemical and natural antioxidants have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences(BUMS), Birjand, Iran
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Babak Roshanravan
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Guzman-Martinez L, Maccioni RB, Andrade V, Navarrete LP, Pastor MG, Ramos-Escobar N. Neuroinflammation as a Common Feature of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1008. [PMID: 31572186 PMCID: PMC6751310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases share the fact that they derive from altered proteins that undergo an unfolding process followed by formation of β-structures and a pathological tendency to self-aggregate in neuronal cells. This is a characteristic of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease and several tauopathies associated with tau unfolding, α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, and huntingtin in Huntington disease. Usually, the self-aggregation products are toxic to these cells, and toxicity spreads all over different brain areas. We have postulated that these protein unfolding events are the molecular alterations that trigger several neurodegenerative disorders. Most interestingly, these events occur as a result of neuroinflammatory cascades involving alterations in the cross-talks between glial cells and neurons as a consequence of the activation of microglia and astrocytes. The model we have hypothesized for Alzheimer’s disease involves damage signals that promote glial activation, followed by nuclear factor NF-kβ activation, synthesis, and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12 that affect neuronal receptors with an overactivation of protein kinases. These patterns of pathological events can be applied to several neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, the involvement of innate immunity seems to be a major paradigm in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This is an important element for the search for potential therapeutic approaches for all these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Guzman-Martinez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Andrade
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Patricio Navarrete
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Gabriela Pastor
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Ramos-Escobar
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
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MiR-34b Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) Injury in Rat by Targeting Keap1. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Naughton SX, Terry AV. Neurotoxicity in acute and repeated organophosphate exposure. Toxicology 2018; 408:101-112. [PMID: 30144465 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The term organophosphate (OP) refers to a diverse group of chemicals that are found in hundreds of products worldwide. As pesticides, their most common use, OPs are clearly beneficial for agricultural productivity and the control of deadly vector-borne illnesses. However, as a consequence of their widespread use, OPs are now among the most common synthetic chemicals detected in the environment as well as in animal and human tissues. This is an increasing environmental concern because many OPs are highly toxic and both accidental and intentional exposures to OPs resulting in deleterious health effects have been documented for decades. Some of these deleterious health effects include a variety of long-term neurological and psychiatric disturbances including impairments in attention, memory, and other domains of cognition. Moreover, some chronic illnesses that manifest these symptoms such as Gulf War Illness and Aerotoxic Syndrome have (at least in part) been attributed to OP exposure. In addition to acute acetylcholinesterase inhibition, OPs may affect a number of additional targets that lead to oxidative stress, axonal transport deficits, neuroinflammation, and autoimmunity. Some of these targets could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this review is thus to: 1) describe the important uses of organophosphate (OP)-based compounds worldwide, 2) provide an overview of the various risks and toxicology associated with OP exposure, particularly long-term neurologic and psychiatric symptoms, 3) discuss mechanisms of OP toxicity beyond cholinesterase inhibition, 4) review potential therapeutic strategies to reverse the acute toxicity and long term deleterious effects of OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean X Naughton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia.
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40
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Braakhuis AJ, Nagulan R, Somerville V. The Effect of MitoQ on Aging-Related Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8575263. [PMID: 30116495 PMCID: PMC6079400 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8575263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are metabolically active organelles that produce significant reactive oxygen species, linked with aging and degenerative diseases. In recent years, particular focus has been put on mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, to decrease the concentration of reactive oxygen species and help alleviate the accumulation of oxidative damage and associated aging. MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant of which is reported to support healthy aging. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of MitoQ on oxidative outcomes related to the aging process. A predeveloped search strategy was run against MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and CINAHL databases, which identified 10,255 articles of interest, with 27 of these finalised for use after screening. Three outcomes had sufficient data to meta-analyse nitrotyrosine concentration (190 animals, SMD -0.67, 95% CI (-1.30, -0.05), p = 0.04), membrane potential (63 animals, MD 11.44, 95% CI (1.28-21.60), p = 0.03), and protein carbonyl concentration (182 animals, SMD -0.13, 95% CI (-0.44, 0.18), p = 0.41). MitoQ intervention produced a statistically significant reduction in nitrotyrosine concentration and increased membrane potential. MitoQ may be of some benefit in alleviating oxidative stress related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Braakhuis
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Discipline of Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohith Nagulan
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Discipline of Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vaughan Somerville
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Discipline of Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Xi Y, Feng D, Tao K, Wang R, Shi Y, Qin H, Murphy MP, Yang Q, Zhao G. MitoQ protects dopaminergic neurons in a 6-OHDA induced PD model by enhancing Mfn2-dependent mitochondrial fusion via activation of PGC-1α. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2859-2870. [PMID: 29842922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc). Although mitochondrial dysfunction is the critical factor in the pathogenesis of PD, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood, and as a result, effective medical interventions are lacking. Mitochondrial fission and fusion play important roles in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and cell viability. Here, we investigated the effects of MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced in vitro and in vivo PD models. We observed that 6-OHDA enhanced mitochondrial fission by decreasing the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1 as well as by increasing the expression of Drp1 in the dopaminergic (DA) cell line SN4741. Notably, MitoQ treatment particularly upregulated the Mfn2 protein and mRNA levels and promoted mitochondrial fusion in the presence of 6-OHDA in a Mfn2-dependent manner. In addition, MitoQ also stabilized mitochondrial morphology and function in the presence of 6-OHDA, which further suppressed the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as ameliorated mitochondrial fragmentation and cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) was attributed to the upregulation of Mfn2 induced by MitoQ. Consistent with these findings, administration of MitoQ in 6-OHDA-treated mice significantly rescued the decrease of Mfn2 expression and the loss of DA neurons in the SNc. Taken together, our findings suggest that MitoQ protects DA neurons in a 6-OHDA induced PD model by activating PGC-1α to enhance Mfn2-dependent mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ronglin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huaizhou Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Neuronal Dysfunction Associated with Cholesterol Deregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051523. [PMID: 29783748 PMCID: PMC5983599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is crucial for cells and, in particular, its biosynthesis in the central nervous system occurs in situ, and its deregulation involves morphological changes that cause functional variations and trigger programmed cell death. The pathogenesis of rare diseases, such as Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency or Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome, arises due to enzymatic defects in the cholesterol metabolic pathways, resulting in a shortage of downstream products. The most severe clinical manifestations of these diseases appear as neurological defects. Expanding the knowledge of this biological mechanism will be useful for identifying potential targets and preventing neuronal damage. Several studies have demonstrated that deregulation of the cholesterol pathway induces mitochondrial dysfunction as the result of respiratory chain damage. We set out to determine whether mitochondrial damage may be prevented by using protective mitochondria-targeted compounds, such as MitoQ, in a neuronal cell line treated with a statin to induce a biochemical block of the cholesterol pathway. Evidence from the literature suggests that mitochondria play a crucial role in the apoptotic mechanism secondary to blocking the cholesterol pathway. Our study shows that MitoQ, administered as a preventive agent, could counteract the cell damage induced by statins in the early stages, but its protective role fades over time.
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C. elegans as a model in developmental neurotoxicology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:126-135. [PMID: 29550512 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to many advantages Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has become a preferred model of choice in many fields, including neurodevelopmental toxicity studies. This review discusses the benefits of using C. elegans as an alternative to mammalian systems and gives examples of the uses of the nematode in evaluating the effects of major known neurodevelopmental toxins, including manganese, mercury, lead, fluoride, arsenic and organophosphorus pesticides. Reviewed data indicates numerous similarities with mammals in response to these toxins. Thus, C. elegans studies have the potential to predict possible effects of developmental neurotoxicants in higher animals, and may be used to identify new molecular pathways behind neurodevelopmental disruptions, as well as new toxicants.
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Vanova N, Pejchal J, Herman D, Dlabkova A, Jun D. Oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning: role of standard antidotal therapy. J Appl Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Vanova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - David Herman
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Dlabkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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Protective effect of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ against iron ion 56Fe radiation induced brain injury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 341:1-7. [PMID: 29317239 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to iron ion 56Fe radiation (IR) during space missions poses a significant risk to the central nervous system and radiation exposure is intimately linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that has been shown to decrease oxidative damage and lower mitochondrial ROS in a number of animal models. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate role of the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant MitoQ against 56Fe particle irradiation-induced oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction in the mouse brains. Increased ROS levels were observed in mouse brains after IR compared with the control group. Enhanced ROS production leads to disruption of cellular antioxidant defense systems, mitochondrial respiration dysfunction, altered mitochondria dynamics and increased release of cytochrome c (cyto c) from mitochondria into cytosol resulting in apoptotic cell death. MitoQ reduced IR-induced oxidative stress (decreased ROS production and increased SOD, CAT activities) with decreased lipid peroxidation as well as reduced protein and DNA oxidation. MitoQ also protected mitochondrial respiration after IR. In addition, MitoQ increased the expression of mitofusin2 (Mfn2) and optic atrophy gene1 (OPA1), and decreased the expression of dynamic-like protein (Drp1). MitoQ also suppressed mitochondrial DNA damage, cyto c release, and caspase-3 activity in IR-treated mice compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that MitoQ may protect against IR-induced brain injury.
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46
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Matondo A, Kim SS. Targeted-mitochondria antioxidants therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease. J Drug Target 2017; 26:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1339196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abel Matondo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wani WY, Kandimalla RJ, Sharma DR, Kaushal A, Ruban A, Sunkaria A, Vallamkondu J, Chiarugi A, Reddy PH, Gill KD. Cell cycle activation in p21 dependent pathway: An alternative mechanism of organophosphate induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1858-1866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Yi H, Huang Y, Yang F, Liu W, He S, Hu X. MicroRNA-182 aggravates cerebral ischemia injury by targeting inhibitory member of the ASPP family (iASPP). Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 620:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorated tubular injury mediated by mitophagy in diabetic kidney disease via Nrf2/PINK1. Redox Biol 2016; 11:297-311. [PMID: 28033563 PMCID: PMC5196243 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that exerts protective effects in diabetic mice, but the mechanism underlying these effects is not clear. We demonstrated that mitochondrial abnormalities, such as defective mitophagy, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression and mitochondrial fragmentation, occurred in the tubular cells of db/db mice, accompanied by reduced PINK and Parkin expression and increased apoptosis. These changes were partially reversed following an intraperitoneal injection of mitoQ. High glucose (HG) also induces deficient mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HK-2 cells, changes that were reversed by mitoQ. Moreover, mitoQ restored the expression, activity and translocation of HG-induced NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibited the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1), as well as the interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1. The reduced PINK and Parkin expression noted in HK-2 cells subjected to HG exposure was partially restored by mitoQ. This effect was abolished by Nrf2 siRNA and augmented by Keap1 siRNA. Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA or PINK siRNA in HK-2 cells exposed to HG conditions partially blocked the effects of mitoQ on mitophagy and tubular damage. These results suggest that mitoQ exerts beneficial effects on tubular injury in DKD via mitophagy and that mitochondrial quality control is mediated by Nrf2/PINK.
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Haematological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in Wistar Rats Exposed to Dichlorvos Based Insecticide Formulation Used in Southeast Nigeria. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040028. [PMID: 29051431 PMCID: PMC5606651 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticide is a treat to non-target organisms. This study evaluates the haematological and biochemical changes induced by inhalation of local Nigerian dichlorvos insecticide on rats. The rats were randomly assigned to a control group which received only food and water and a test group which, in addition to food and water, was exposed to the pesticide for a period of 4 h daily for 28 days, after which exposure was discontinued for seven days. Five animals were sacrificed from each group on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for haematological, biochemical and antioxidant analysis. Results obtained showed lowered values of red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.05) with increased white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet counts after day 14 when compared to the control group. Liver enzymes aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and alanine amino transaminase (ALT) were higher in the exposed rats compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Urea and creatinine concentrations increased significantly after day 1 and at day 28, while superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly compared to the control after day 1, day 14 and day 21, respectively. The RBC, PCV and haemoglobin values of all exposed rats were restored to normal following withdrawal of the pesticide, though AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and, glutathione values remained significantly high compared to the control. Inhalation of the local insecticide is toxic to the blood, liver and kidney of laboratory rats and may be deleterious to human health following long-term exposure.
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