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Kochoian BA, Bure C, Papa SM. Targeting Striatal Glutamate and Phosphodiesterases to Control L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Cells 2023; 12:2754. [PMID: 38067182 PMCID: PMC10706484 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of work during the past several decades has been focused on therapeutic strategies to control L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs), common motor complications of long-term L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, LIDs remain a clinical challenge for the management of patients with advanced disease. Glutamatergic dysregulation of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) appears to be a key contributor to altered motor responses to L-DOPA. Targeting striatal hyperactivity at the glutamatergic neurotransmission level led to significant preclinical and clinical trials of a variety of antiglutamatergic agents. In fact, the only FDA-approved treatment for LIDs is amantadine, a drug with NMDAR antagonistic actions. Still, novel agents with improved pharmacological profiles are needed for LID therapy. Recently other therapeutic targets to reduce dysregulated SPN activity at the signal transduction level have emerged. In particular, mechanisms regulating the levels of cyclic nucleotides play a major role in the transduction of dopamine signals in SPNs. The phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a large family of enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides in a specific manner, are of special interest. We will review the research for antiglutamatergic and PDE inhibition strategies in view of the future development of novel LID therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brik A. Kochoian
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Cassandra Bure
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Stella M. Papa
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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2
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Role of P11 through serotonergic and glutamatergic pathways in LID. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4535-4549. [PMID: 36853472 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. This leads to the pathogenesis of multiple basal ganglia-thalamomotor loops and diverse neurotransmission alterations. Dopamine replacement therapy, and on top of that, levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), is the gold standard treatment, while it develops numerous complications. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is well-known as the most prominent side effect. Several studies have been devoted to tackling this problem. Studies showed that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonists and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5HT1B) agonists significantly reduced LID when considering the glutamatergic overactivity and compensatory mechanisms of serotonergic neurons after L-DOPA therapy. Moreover, it is documented that these receptors act through an adaptor protein called P11 (S100A10). This protein has been thought to play a crucial role in LID due to its interactions with numerous ion channels and receptors. Lately, experiments have shown successful evidence of the effects of P11 blockade on alleviating LID greater than 5HT1B and mGluR5 manipulations. In contrast, there is a trace of ambiguity in the exact mechanism of action. P11 has shown the potential to be a promising target to diminish LID and prolong L-DOPA therapy in parkinsonian patients owing to further studies and experiments.
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Kwan C, Kang W, Kim E, Belliveau S, Frouni I, Huot P. Metabotropic glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:1-31. [PMID: 36868628 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder that leads to alterations in multiple neurotransmitter systems, notably glutamate. As such, several drugs acting at glutamatergic receptors have been assessed to alleviate the manifestation of PD and treatment-related complications, culminating with the approval of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist amantadine for l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia. Glutamate elicits its actions through several ionotropic and metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. There are 8 sub-types of mGlu receptors, with sub-types 4 (mGlu4) and 5 (mGlu5) modulators having been tested in the clinic for endpoints pertaining to PD, while sub-types 2 (mGlu2) and 3 (mGlu3) have been investigated in pre-clinical settings. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of mGlu receptors in PD, with a focus on mGlu5, mGlu4, mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors. For each sub-type, we review, when applicable, their anatomical localization and possible mechanisms underlying their efficacy for specific disease manifestation or treatment-induced complications. We then summarize the findings of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials with pharmacological agents and discuss the potential strengths and limitations of each target. We conclude by offering some perspectives on the potential use of mGlu modulators in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kwan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Woojin Kang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Esther Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Belliveau
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imane Frouni
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Huot
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Movement Disorder Clinic, Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Budgett RF, Bakker G, Sergeev E, Bennett KA, Bradley SJ. Targeting the Type 5 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893422. [PMID: 35645791 PMCID: PMC9130574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. In preclinical neurodegenerative disease models, novel allosteric modulators have been shown to improve cognitive performance and reduce disease-related pathology. A common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is a chronic neuroinflammatory response, involving glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia. Since mGlu5 is expressed in astrocytes, targeting this receptor could provide a potential mechanism by which neuroinflammatory processes in neurodegenerative disease may be modulated. This review will discuss current evidence that highlights the potential of mGlu5 allosteric modulators to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, this review will explore the role of mGlu5 in neuroinflammatory responses, and the potential for this G protein-coupled receptor to modulate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Budgett
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sophie J Bradley
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Sosei Heptares, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Azam S, Jakaria M, Kim J, Ahn J, Kim IS, Choi DK. Group I mGluRs in Therapy and Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease: Focus on mGluR5 Subtype. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040864. [PMID: 35453614 PMCID: PMC9032558 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs; members of class C G-protein-coupled receptors) have been shown to modulate excitatory neurotransmission, regulate presynaptic extracellular glutamate levels, and modulate postsynaptic ion channels on dendritic spines. mGluRs were found to activate myriad signalling pathways to regulate synapse formation, long-term potentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. A notorious expression pattern of mGluRs has been evident in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and schizophrenia. Among the several mGluRs, mGluR5 is one of the most investigated types of considered prospective therapeutic targets and potential diagnostic tools in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent research showed mGluR5 radioligands could be a potential tool to assess neurodegenerative disease progression and trace respective drugs’ kinetic properties. This article provides insight into the group I mGluRs, specifically mGluR5, in the progression and possible therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Md. Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - JoonSoo Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Jaeyong Ahn
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3905 (I.-S.K.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.J.); (J.K.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3905 (I.-S.K.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
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Angela Cenci M, Skovgård K, Odin P. Non-dopaminergic approaches to the treatment of motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Prevention of L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesias by MPEP Blockade of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Is Associated with Reduced Inflammation in the Brain of Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040691. [PMID: 35203338 PMCID: PMC8870609 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory markers were found in brains of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. After years of L-Dopa symptomatic treatment, most PD patients develop dyskinesias. The relationship between inflammation and L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) is still unclear. We previously reported that MPEP (a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist) reduced the development of LID in de novo MPTP-lesioned monkeys. We thus investigated if MPEP reduced the brain inflammatory response in these MPTP-lesioned monkeys and the relationship to LID. The panmacrophage/microglia marker Iba1, the phagocytosis-related receptor CD68, and the astroglial protein GFAP were measured by Western blots. The L-Dopa-treated dyskinetic MPTP monkeys had increased Iba1 content in the putamen, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus, which was prevented by MPEP cotreatment; similar findings were observed for CD68 contents in the putamen and globus pallidus. There was a strong positive correlation between dyskinesia scores and microglial markers in these regions. GFAP contents were elevated in MPTP + L-Dopa-treated monkeys among these brain regions and prevented by MPEP in the putamen and subthalamic nucleus. In conclusion, these results showed increased inflammatory markers in the basal ganglia associated with LID and revealed that MPEP inhibition of glutamate activity reduced LID and levels of inflammatory markers.
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Soti M, Ranjbar H, Kohlmeier KA, Shabani M. Parkinson's disease related alterations in cannabinoid transmission. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:82-96. [PMID: 34808322 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by neurodegeneration. Recent findings in animal models of PD propose tonic inhibition of the remaining DA neurons through GABA release from reactive glial cells. Movement dysfunctions could be ameliorated by promotion of activity in dormant DA cells. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is extensively present in basal ganglia (BG) and is known as an indirect modulator of DAergic neurotransmission, thus drugs designed to target this system have shown promising therapeutic potential in PD patients. Interestingly, down/up-regulation of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) varies across the different stages of PD, suggesting that some of the motor/ non-motor deficits may be related to changes in CBRs. Determination of the profile of changes of these receptors across the different stages of PD as well as their neural distribution within the BG could improve understanding of PD and identify pathways important in disease pathobiology. In this review, we focus on temporal and spatial alterations of CBRs during PD in the BG. At present, as inconclusive, but suggestive results have been obtained, future investigations should be conducted to extend preclinical studies examining CBRs changes within each stage in controlled clinical trials in order to determine the potential of targeting CBRs in management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monavareh Soti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Su LD, Wang N, Han J, Shen Y. Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases: Mechanisms and Prospective. Neuroscientist 2021; 28:453-468. [PMID: 34088252 PMCID: PMC9449437 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G-protein coupled receptors
that are activated by glutamate in the central nervous system (CNS).
Basically, mGluRs contribute to fine-tuning of synaptic efficacy and
control the accuracy and sharpness of neurotransmission. Among eight
subtypes, mGluR1 and mGluR5 belong to group 1 (Gp1) family, and are
implicated in multiple CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease,
autism, Parkinson’s disease, and so on. In the present review, we
systematically discussed underlying mechanisms and prospective of Gp1
mGluRs in a group of neurological and psychiatric diseases, including
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism spectrum disorder,
epilepsy, Huntington’s disease, intellectual disability, Down’s
syndrome, Rett syndrome, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,
addiction, anxiety, nociception, schizophrenia, and depression, in
order to provide more insights into the therapeutic potential of Gp1
mGluRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Su
- Neuroscience Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Gonzalez-Garcia M, Fusco G, De Simone A. Membrane Interactions and Toxicity by Misfolded Protein Oligomers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642623. [PMID: 33791300 PMCID: PMC8006268 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of otherwise soluble proteins into insoluble amyloid aggregates is associated with a range of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as non-neuropathic conditions such as type II diabetes and systemic amyloidoses. It is increasingly evident that the most pernicious species among those forming during protein aggregation are small prefibrillar oligomers. In this review, we describe the recent progress in the characterization of the cellular and molecular interactions by toxic misfolded protein oligomers. A fundamental interaction by these aggregates involves biological membranes, resulting in two major model mechanisms at the onset of the cellular toxicity. These include the membrane disruption model, resulting in calcium imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular reactive oxygen species, and the direct interaction with membrane proteins, leading to the alteration of their native function. A key challenge remains in the characterization of transient interactions involving heterogeneous protein aggregates. Solving this task is crucial in the quest of identifying suitable therapeutic approaches to suppress the cellular toxicity in protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gonzalez-Garcia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, United Kingdom
| | - Giuliana Fusco
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wang Y, Gu L, Yang HM, Zhang H. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand protects dopaminergic neurons by differentially regulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the progression of neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease model. Neurotoxicology 2021; 84:14-29. [PMID: 33571554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to limitations in early diagnosis and treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD), it is necessary to explore the neuropathological changes that occur early in PD progression and to design neuroprotective therapies to prevent or delay the ongoing degeneration process. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) has shown both diagnostic and therapeutic potential in preclinical studies on PD. Clinical trials using mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators to treat PD have, however, raised limitations about the neuroprotective role of mGlu5. It is likely that mGlu5 has different regulatory roles in different stages of PD. Here, we investigated a protective role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL) in the progression of PD by differential regulation of mGlu5 expression and activity to protect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. Following treatment with 6-OHDA, mGlu5 and CAL expressions were elevated in the early stage and reduced in the late stage, both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of mGlu5 in the early stage by (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine, or blocking mGlu5 in the late stage by 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine, increased cell survival and inhibited apoptosis, but these effects were significantly weakened by knockdown of CAL. CAL alleviated 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating mGlu5-mediated signaling pathways, thereby maintaining the physiological function of mGlu5 in different disease stages. In PD rat model, CAL deficiency aggravated 6-OHDA toxicity on dopaminergic neurons and increased motor dysfunction because of lack of regulation of mGlu5 activity. These data reveal a potential mechanism by which CAL specifically regulates the opposite activity of mGlu5 in progression of PD to protect against neurotoxicity, suggesting that CAL is a favorable endogenous target for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 inhibits α-synuclein-induced microglia inflammation to protect from neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33461598 PMCID: PMC7814625 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia activation induced by α-synuclein (α-syn) is one of the most important factors in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which α-syn exerts neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity remain largely elusive. Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has been an attractive strategy to mediate microglia activation for neuroprotection, which might be an essential regulator to modulate α-syn-induced neuroinflammation for the treatment of PD. Here, we showed that mGluR5 inhibited α-syn-induced microglia inflammation to protect from neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Methods Co-immunoprecipitation assays were utilized to detect the interaction between mGluR5 and α-syn in microglia. Griess, ELISA, real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the regulation of α-syn-induced inflammatory signaling, cytokine secretion, and lysosome-dependent degradation. Results α-syn selectively interacted with mGluR5 but not mGluR3, and α-syn N terminal deletion region was essential for binding to mGluR5 in co-transfected HEK293T cells. The interaction between these two proteins was further detected in BV2 microglia, which was inhibited by the mGluR5 specific agonist CHPG without effect by its selective antagonist MTEP. Moreover, in both BV2 cells and primary microglia, activation of mGluR5 by CHPG partially inhibited α-syn-induced inflammatory signaling and cytokine secretion and also inhibited the microglia activation to protect from neurotoxicity. We further found that α-syn overexpression decreased mGluR5 expression via a lysosomal pathway, as evidenced by the lysosomal inhibitor, NH4Cl, by blocking mGluR5 degradation, which was not evident with the proteasome inhibitor, MG132. Additionally, co-localization of mGluR5 with α-syn was detected in lysosomes as merging with its marker, LAMP-1. Consistently, in vivo experiments with LPS- or AAV-α-syn-induced rat PD model also confirmed that α-syn accelerated lysosome-dependent degradation of mGluR5 involving a complex, to regulate neuroinflammation. Importantly, the binding is strengthened with LPS or α-syn overexpression but alleviated by urate, a potential clinical biomarker for PD. Conclusions These findings provided evidence for a novel mechanism by which the association of α-syn with mGluR5 was attributed to α-syn-induced microglia activation via modulation of mGluR5 degradation and its intracellular signaling. This may be a new molecular target for an effective therapeutic strategy for PD pathology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02079-1.
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AlShimemeri S, Fox SH, Visanji NP. Emerging drugs for the treatment of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: an update. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:131-144. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1763954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila AlShimemeri
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan H Fox
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Masilamoni GJ, Smith Y. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the primate motor thalamus: subsynaptic association with cortical and sub-cortical glutamatergic afferents. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2787-2804. [PMID: 31422483 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical evidence indicates that mGluR5 is a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. However, the mechanisms through which these therapeutic benefits are mediated remain poorly understood. Although the regulatory role of mGluR5 on glutamatergic transmission has been examined in various basal ganglia nuclei, very little is known about the localization and function of mGluR5 in the ventral motor and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, the main targets of basal ganglia output in mammals. Thus, we used immuno-electron microscopy to map the cellular and subcellular localization of group I mGluRs (mGluR1a and mGluR5) in the ventral motor and caudal intralaminar thalamic nuclei in rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, using double immuno-electron microscopy, we examined the subsynaptic localization of mGluR5 in relation to cortical and sub-cortical glutamatergic afferents. Four major conclusions can be drawn from these data. First, mGluR1a and mGluR5 are expressed postsynaptically on the plasma membrane of dendrites of projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons in the basal ganglia- and cerebellar-receiving regions of the ventral motor thalamus and in CM. Second, the plasma membrane-bound mGluR5 immunoreactivity is preferentially expressed perisynaptically at the edges of cortical and sub-cortical glutamatergic afferents. Third, the mGluR5 immunoreactivity is more strongly expressed in the lateral than the medial tiers of CM, suggesting a preferential association with thalamocortical over thalamostriatal neurons in the primate CM. Overall, mGluR5 is located to subserve powerful modulatory role of cortical and subcortical glutamatergic transmission in the primate ventral motor thalamus and CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasingh Jeyaraj Masilamoni
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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15
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Huang Y, Shu H, Li L, Zhen T, Zhao J, Zhou X, Luo W. L-DOPA-Induced Motor Impairment and Overexpression of Corticostriatal Synaptic Components Are Improved by the mGluR5 Antagonist MPEP in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rats. ASN Neuro 2019; 10:1759091418811021. [PMID: 30439288 PMCID: PMC6238196 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418811021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) is still the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the long-term therapy often triggers L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) is abundant in the basal ganglia, and its inhibition is thought to modulate postsynaptic excitatory synaptic transmission and glutamate hyperactivity in PD and LID. In this report, we examined the effects of mGluR5-specific antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) on LID and synaptic components in the PD model rat. We found the selective mGluR5 antagonist MPEP attenuated abnormal involuntary movements, prolonged the duration of rotational response, reversed the decrease of left forepaw adjusting steps, and reduced overexpression of striatal mGluR5 in the LID rats. Moreover, our results showed much thicker postsynaptic densities, narrower synapse cleft, as well as the increased ratio of perforated synapses induced by L-DOPA treatment, while coadministration of L-DOPA and MPEP reversed these postsynaptic effects. Finally, MPEP reduced overexpression of the two postsynaptic proteins (PSD-95 and SAP102) induced by L-DOPA treatment. Hence, these results provide evidence that aberrant neural plasticity at corticostriatal synapses in the striatum is closely correlated with the occurrence of LID, and targeted inhibition of mGluR5 by MPEP alleviates LID in the PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Huang
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Shu
- 2 Department of Neurology, Taikang People's Hospital of Henan Province, Taikang, China
| | - Li Li
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tili Zhen
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junyan Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- 4 Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,3 Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Luo WY, Xing SQ, Zhu P, Zhang CG, Yang HM, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Gu L, Zhang H. PDZ Scaffold Protein CAL Couples with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 to Protect Against Cell Apoptosis and Is a Potential Target in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:761-783. [PMID: 31073978 PMCID: PMC6694344 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting mGluR5 has been an attractive strategy to modulate glutamate excitotoxicity for neuroprotection. Although human clinical trials using mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have included some disappointments, recent investigations have added several more attractive small molecules to this field, providing a promise that the identification of more additional strategies to modulate mGluR5 activity might be potentially beneficial for the advancement of PD treatment. Here, we determined the role of the interacting partner CAL (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand) in mGluR5-mediated protection in vitro and in vivo. In astroglial C6 cells, CAL deficiency blocked (S)-3, 5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-elicited p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, subsequently prevented group I mGluRs-mediated anti-apoptotic protection, which was blocked by receptor antagonist 1-aminoindan-1, 5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA), and PI3K or MEK inhibitor LY294002 or U0126. In rotenone-treated MN9D cells, both CAL and mGluR5 expressions were decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the correlation between these 2 proteins was confirmed by lentivirus-delivered CAL overexpression and knockdown. Moreover, CAL coupled with mGluR5 upregulated mGluR5 protein expression by inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation to suppress mGluR5-mediated p-JNK and to protect against cell apoptosis. Additionally, CAL also inhibited rotenone-induced glutamate release to modulate mGluR5 activity. Furthermore, in the rotenone-induced rat model of PD, AAV-delivered CAL overexpression attenuated behavioral deficits and dopaminergic neuronal death, while CAL deficiency aggravated rotenone toxicity. On the other hand, the protective effect of the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP was weakened by knocking down CAL. In vivo experiments also confirmed that CAL inhibited ubiquitination-proteasome-dependent degradation to modulate mGluR5 expression and JNK phosphorylation. Our findings show that CAL protects against cell apoptosis via modulating mGluR5 activity, and may be a new molecular target for an effective therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Su Qian Xing
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chen Guang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Nicholas Van Halm-Lutterodt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, Keck Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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17
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Pourmirbabaei S, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F. Pathophysiological clues to therapeutic applications of glutamate mGlu5 receptor antagonists in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:149-159. [PMID: 31063776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa remains to be the mainstay for treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Long-term levodopa treatment bears a risk for developing levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID significantly overshadows patients' quality of life and therapeutic efficacy of levodopa. Pre- and post-synaptic changes in dopamine secretion and signaling, along with altered glutamate receptor expression and glutamatergic signaling in striatal neurons, and the resulting disinhibition-like changes in the corticostriatal circuitry, lead to aberrant activity of motor cortex and formation of LID. Research has highlighted the role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors especially the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) in formation of LID through potentiating of ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptors and dopamine D1/D5 receptors in direct pathway. Accordingly, MTEP and MPEP were the first mGlu5 receptor antagonists which were shown to attenuate LID in animal models through suppression of downstream signaling cascades involving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and FosB/delta FosB activation, as well as modulation of prodynorphinegic, preproenkephalinergic, and GABA-ergic neurotransmission systems. Beneficial effects of other mGlu5 receptor antagonists such as AFQ056/mavoglurant and ADX48621/dipraglurant in amelioration of LID has been shown not only in animal models but also in clinical trials. Considering the presence of mGlu receptor dysregulation in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder and depression, which are prodromal signs of PD, along with the neuroprotective effects of mGlu receptor antagonists, and their cognitive benefits, potential effectiveness of mGlu receptor antagonists in early prevention of PD remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Pourmirbabaei
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Veyres N, Hamadjida A, Huot P. Predictive Value of Parkinsonian Primates in Pharmacologic Studies: A Comparison between the Macaque, Marmoset, and Squirrel Monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.247171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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19
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Bai XX, Gu L, Yang HM, Xi SS, Xia N, Zhang S, Zhang H. Downregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 inhibits hepatoma development in a neurotoxin rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model. Toxicol Lett 2018; 288:71-81. [PMID: 29458170 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer, but how PD regulates cancer development remains unknown. In our study, the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) on hepatoma was explored in a rotenone-induced PD model both in vitro and in vivo. We found that conditioned media derived from MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells by rotenone-induced toxicity inhibited the growth, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis of Hepa1-6 cells, which corresponded with decreased expression of mGlu5. Furthermore, treatment with 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), a mGlu5 antagonist and knockdown of mGlu5, further reduced ATP levels and migration distance, and increased cleavage of caspase-3 in Hepa1-6 cells. Additionally, we found that conditioned media derived from rotenone-treated MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and JNK phosphorylation, which could be further increased by MPEP treatment, and attenuated by mGlu5 agonist, (RS)-2-Chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG) and ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The results indicated that down-regulation of mGlu5 promoted cell apoptosis through the intracellular ROS/JNK signaling pathway in a rotenone-induced cellular PD model. These findings were confirmed in vivo in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD combined with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatoma. Expression of Ki67 was decreased, and the levels of caspase-3 and p-JNK were increased in this model, which was accompanied by a decrease in protein expression of mGlu5. The study suggest that negative regulation of mGlu5 may inhibit hepatoma development in a rotenone-induced PD model, and as such may help with our further understanding of the correlation between PD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu Bai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shao Song Xi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Shanxi Academy of Analytical Science, 030006, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorder, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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20
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Sebastianutto I, Cenci MA. mGlu receptors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 38:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Picconi B, Hernández LF, Obeso JA, Calabresi P. Motor complications in Parkinson's disease: Striatal molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms of dyskinesias. Mov Disord 2017; 33:867-876. [PMID: 29219207 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term levodopa (l-dopa) treatment in patients with Parkinson´s disease (PD) is associated with the development of motor complications (ie, motor fluctuations and dyskinesias). The principal etiopathogenic factors are the degree of nigro-striatal dopaminergic loss and the duration and dose of l-dopa treatment. In this review article we concentrate on analysis of the mechanisms underlying l-dopa-induced dyskinesias, a phenomenon that causes disability in a proportion of patients and that has not benefited from major therapeutic advances. Thus, we discuss the main neurotransmitters, receptors, and pathways that have been thought to play a role in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias from the perspective of basic neuroscience studies. Some important advances in deciphering the molecular pathways involved in these abnormal movements have occurred in recent years to reveal potential targets that could be used for therapeutic purposes. However, it has not been an easy road because there have been a plethora of components involved in the generation of these undesired movements, even bypassing the traditional and well-accepted dopamine receptor activation, as recently revealed by optogenetics. Here, we attempt to unify the available data with the hope of guiding and fostering future research in the field of striatal activation and abnormal movement generation. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ledia F Hernández
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Clinica Neurologica, Università degli studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
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22
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Loiodice S, McGhan P, Gryshkova V, Fleurance R, Dardou D, Hafidi A, Nogueira da Costa A, Durif F. Striatal changes underlie MPEP-mediated suppression of the acquisition and expression of pramipexole-induced place preference in an alpha-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Psychopharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28631520 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117714051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease patients have been described as behavioural or substance addictions including pathological gambling or compulsive medication use of dopamine replacement therapy. A substantial gap remains in the understanding of these disorders. We previously demonstrated that the rewarding effect of the D2/D3 agonist pramipexole was enhanced after repeated exposure to L-dopa and alpha-synuclein mediated dopaminergic nigral loss with specific transcriptional signatures suggesting a key involvement of the glutamatergic pathway. Here, we further investigate the therapeutic potential of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonism in Parkinson's disease/dopamine replacement therapy related bias of reward-mediated associative learning. We identified protein changes underlying the striatal remodelling associated with the pramipexole-induced conditioned place preference. Acquisition and expression of the pramipexole-induced conditioned place preference were abolished by the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-phenylethynyl (pyridine) (conditioned place preference scores obtained with pramipexole conditioning were reduced by 12.5% and 125.8% when 2-methyl-6-phenylethynyl (pyridine) was co-administrated with pramipexole or after the pramipexole conditioning, respectively). Up-regulation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 was found in the dorsomedial-striatum and nucleus accumbens core. Activation of these two brain sub-regions was also highlighted through FosB immunohistochemistry. Convergent molecular and pharmacological data further suggests metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 as a promising therapeutic target for the management of Parkinson's disease/dopamine replacement therapy related reward bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loiodice
- 1 EA7280 Neuropsychopharmacology of sub-cortical dopaminergic pathways, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,2 Department of Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Portia McGhan
- 2 Department of Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Vitalina Gryshkova
- 2 Department of Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Renaud Fleurance
- 2 Department of Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - David Dardou
- 1 EA7280 Neuropsychopharmacology of sub-cortical dopaminergic pathways, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aziz Hafidi
- 1 EA7280 Neuropsychopharmacology of sub-cortical dopaminergic pathways, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Franck Durif
- 1 EA7280 Neuropsychopharmacology of sub-cortical dopaminergic pathways, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,3 Neurology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Deters KD, Nho K, Risacher SL, Kim S, Ramanan VK, Crane PK, Apostolova LG, Saykin AJ. Genome-wide association study of language performance in Alzheimer's disease. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 172:22-29. [PMID: 28577822 PMCID: PMC5583024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Language impairment is common in prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progresses over time. However, the genetic architecture underlying language performance is poorly understood. To identify novel genetic variants associated with language performance, we analyzed brain MRI and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a composite measure of language performance from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; n=1560). The language composite score was associated with brain atrophy on MRI in language and semantic areas. GWAS identified GLI3 (GLI family zinc finger 3) as significantly associated with language performance (p<5×10-8). Enrichment of GWAS association was identified in pathways related to nervous system development and glutamate receptor function and trafficking. Our results, which warrant further investigation in independent and larger cohorts, implicate GLI3, a developmental transcription factor involved in patterning brain structures, as a putative gene associated with language dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie D Deters
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vijay K Ramanan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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24
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Non-human primate models of PD to test novel therapies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:291-324. [PMID: 28391443 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP) models of Parkinson disease show many similarities with the human disease. They are very useful to test novel pharmacotherapies as reviewed here. The various NHP models of this disease are described with their characteristics including the macaque, the marmoset, and the squirrel monkey models. Lesion-induced and genetic models are described. There is no drug to slow, delay, stop, or cure Parkinson disease; available treatments are symptomatic. The dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) still remains the gold standard symptomatic treatment of Parkinson. However, involuntary movements termed L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias appear in most patients after chronic treatment and may become disabling. Dyskinesias are very difficult to manage and there is only amantadine approved providing only a modest benefit. In this respect, NHP models have been useful to seek new drug targets, since they reproduce motor complications observed in parkinsonian patients. Therapies to treat motor symptoms in NHP models are reviewed with a discussion of their translational value to humans. Disease-modifying treatments tested in NHP are reviewed as well as surgical treatments. Many biochemical changes in the brain of post-mortem Parkinson disease patients with dyskinesias are reviewed and compare well with those observed in NHP models. Non-motor symptoms can be categorized into psychiatric, autonomic, and sensory symptoms. These symptoms are present in most parkinsonian patients and are already installed many years before the pre-motor phase of the disease. The translational usefulness of NHP models of Parkinson is discussed for non-motor symptoms.
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25
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Morin N, Morissette M, Grégoire L, Di Paolo T. mGlu5, Dopamine D2 and Adenosine A2A Receptors in L-DOPA-induced Dyskinesias. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:481-93. [PMID: 26639458 PMCID: PMC4983750 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151201185652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) receiving L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, the gold-standard treatment for this disease) frequently develop abnormal involuntary movements, termed L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID). Glutamate overactivity is well documented in PD and LID. An approach to manage LID is to add to L-DOPA specific agents to reduce dyskinesias such as metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu receptor) drugs. This article reviews the contribution of mGlu type 5 (mGlu5) receptors in animal models of PD. Several mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators acutely attenuate LID in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkeys and 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. Chronic administration of mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators to MPTP monkeys and 6-OHDA rats also attenuates LID while maintaining the antiparkinsonian effect of L-DOPA. Radioligand autoradiography shows an elevation of striatal mGlu5 receptors of dyskinetic L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys but not in those without LID. The brain molecular correlates of the long-term effect of mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators treatments with L-DOPA attenuating development of LID was shown to extend beyond mGlu5 receptors with normalization of glutamate activity in the basal ganglia of L-DOPA-induced changes of NMDA, AMPA, mGlu2/3 receptors and VGlut2 transporter. In the basal ganglia, mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulators also normalize the L-DOPA-induced changes of dopamine D2receptors, their associated signaling proteins (ERK1/2 and Akt/GSK3β) and neuropeptides (preproenkephalin, preprodynorphin) as well as the adenosine A2A receptors expression. These results show in animal models of PD reduction of LID with mGlu5 negative allosteric modulation associated with normalization of glutamate, dopamine and adenosine receptors suggesting a functional link of these receptors in chronic treatment with L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, Qc, Canada, G1V 4G2.
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Metabotropic glutamate receptors and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:179-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Morissette M, Morin N, Grégoire L, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Di Paolo T. Brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in MPTP-lesioned monkeys and parkinsonian patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 109:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Litim N, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Metabotropic glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease: An update from the last 5 years of research. Neuropharmacology 2016; 115:166-179. [PMID: 27055772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance of glutamate neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease (PD) and l-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID) is well documented. This review focuses on advances during the past five years on pharmacological modulation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in relation to anti-parkinsonian activity, LID attenuation, and neuroprotection. Drug design and characterization have led to the development of orthosteric agonists binding the same site as glutamate and Positive and Negative Allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs) binding sites different from the orthosteric site and offering subtype selectivity. Inhibition of group I (mGlu1 and mGlu5) receptors with NAMs and activation of group II (mGlu2 and 3 receptors) and group III (mGlu 4, 7 and 8 receptors) with PAMs and orthosteric agonists have shown their potential to inhibit glutamate release and attenuate excitotoxicity. Earlier and recent studies have led to the development of mGlu5 receptors NAMs to reduce LID and for neuroprotection, mGlu3 receptor agonists for neuroprotection while mGlu4 receptor PAMs and agonists for antiparkinsonian effects and neuroprotection. Furthermore, homo- and heterodimers of mGlu receptors are documented and highlight the complexity of the functioning of these receptors. Research on partial allosteric modulators and biased mGlu receptor allosteric modulators offer new glutamatergic drugs with better therapeutic effects and less off target adverse activity. Thus these various mGlu receptor targets will enable the development of novel drugs with improved clinical effects for normalization of glutamate transmission, treat PD and LID relief. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, 5 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhir Litim
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
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Ferrigno A, Vairetti M, Ambrosi G, Rizzo V, Richelmi P, Blandini F, Fuzzati-Armentero MT. Selective blockade of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors is protective against hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in 6-OHDA lesioned Parkinsonian rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:695-703. [PMID: 25904005 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms including those involving the splanchnic district are present in Parkinson's disease (PD). The authors previously reported that PD-like rats, bearing a lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway induced by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), have impaired hepatic mitochondrial function. Glutamate intervenes at multiple levels in PD and liver pathophysiologies. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is abundantly expressed in brain and liver and may represent a pharmacological target for PD therapy. This study investigated whether and how chronic treatment with 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP), a well-characterized mGluR5 antagonist, may influence hepatic function with regard to neuronal cell loss in PD-like rats. Chronic treatment with MPEP was started immediately (Early) or 4 weeks after (Delayed) intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA and lasted 4 weeks. Early MPEP treatment significantly prevented the decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production/content and counteracted increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in isolated hepatic mitochondria of PD-like animals. Early MPEP administration also reduced the toxin-induced neurodegenerative process; improved survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons correlated with enhanced mitochondrial ATP content and production. ATP content/production, in turn, negatively correlated with ROS formation suggesting that the MPEP-dependent improvement in hepatic function positively influenced neuronal cell survival. Delayed MPEP treatment had no effect on hepatic mitochondrial function and neuronal cell loss. Antagonizing mGluR5 may synergistically act against neuronal cell loss and PD-related hepatic mitochondrial alterations and may represent an interesting alternative to non-dopaminergic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosi
- Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rizzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Plinio Richelmi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marie-Therese Fuzzati-Armentero
- Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy
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Reynolds AR, Williams LA, Saunders MA, Prendergast MA. Group 1 mGlu-family proteins promote neuroadaptation to ethanol and withdrawal-associated hippocampal damage. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:213-220. [PMID: 26442908 PMCID: PMC4633372 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 1 mGlu-family proteins (i.e., mGlu) consist of mGlu1 and mGlu5 and their activity may influence voluntary ethanol intake. The present studies sought to examine the influence of these receptors on the development of ethanol dependence using in vitro and in vivo models of chronic, intermittent ethanol (CIE). METHODS Rat hippocampal explants were exposed to CIE with or without the addition of mGlu1 antagonist (7-hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCCOEt; 0.5, 1, and 3μM) or mGlu5 antagonist (E)-2-methyl-6-styryl-pyridine (SIB-1893; 20, 100, and 200μM) to assess sparing of withdrawal-induced cytotoxicity. In a separate study, adult male rats were administered CIE with or without the addition of oral administration of group 1 mGlu antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP; 3mg/kg). Blood ethanol levels (BELs) were determined at 0930h on Day 2 of Weeks 1, 2, and 3. Withdrawal behavior was monitored during Day 6 of the third consecutive withdrawal. RESULTS CIE produced significant hippocampal cytotoxicity. These effects were attenuated by co-exposure to CPCCOEt (3μM) with ethanol in the CA3. By contrast, these effects were blocked by SIB-1893 (20μM) in each primary cell layer. Oral administration of MPEP with ethanol significantly attenuated behavioral effects of subsequent withdrawal and reduced BELs. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that ethanol activates group 1 mGlu-family proteins to promote withdrawal-associated cytotoxicity in vitro and physical dependence in vivo. These findings suggest that group 1 mGlu-family proteins may be therapeutic targets for treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke A. Williams
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology,University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center
| | - Meredith A. Saunders
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology,University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center
| | - Mark A. Prendergast
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology,University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center
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Nickols HH, Yuh JP, Gregory KJ, Morrison RD, Bates BS, Stauffer SR, Emmitte KA, Bubser M, Peng W, Nedelcovych MT, Thompson A, Lv X, Xiang Z, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Jones CK, Conn PJ. VU0477573: Partial Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Subtype 5 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor with In Vivo Efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:123-36. [PMID: 26503377 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) have potential applications in the treatment of fragile X syndrome, levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, addiction, and anxiety; however, clinical and preclinical studies raise concerns that complete blockade of mGlu5 and inverse agonist activity of current mGlu5 NAMs contribute to adverse effects that limit the therapeutic use of these compounds. We report the discovery and characterization of a novel mGlu5 NAM, N,N-diethyl-5-((3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)picolinamide (VU0477573) that binds to the same allosteric site as the prototypical mGlu5 NAM MPEP but displays weak negative cooperativity. Because of this weak cooperativity, VU0477573 acts as a "partial NAM" so that full occupancy of the MPEP site does not completely inhibit maximal effects of mGlu5 agonists on intracellular calcium mobilization, inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation, or inhibition of synaptic transmission at the hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. Unlike previous mGlu5 NAMs, VU0477573 displays no inverse agonist activity assessed using measures of effects on basal [(3)H]inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation. VU0477573 acts as a full NAM when measuring effects on mGlu5-mediated extracellular signal-related kinases 1/2 phosphorylation, which may indicate functional bias. VU0477573 exhibits an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and good brain penetration in rodents and provides dose-dependent full mGlu5 occupancy in the central nervous system (CNS) with systemic administration. Interestingly, VU0477573 shows robust efficacy, comparable to the mGlu5 NAM MTEP, in models of anxiolytic activity at doses that provide full CNS occupancy of mGlu5 and demonstrate an excellent CNS occupancy-efficacy relationship. VU0477573 provides an exciting new tool to investigate the efficacy of partial NAMs in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Highfield Nickols
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Joannes P Yuh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Ryan D Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Brittney S Bates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Weimin Peng
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Michael T Nedelcovych
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Analisa Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
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32
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Morin N, Morissette M, Grégoire L, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Di Paolo T. Contribution of brain serotonin subtype 1B receptors in levodopa-induced motor complications. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:356-68. [PMID: 26254863 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID) are abnormal involuntary movements limiting the chronic use of L-DOPA, the main pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease. Serotonin receptors are implicated in the development of LID and modulation of basal ganglia 5-HT1B receptors is a potential therapeutic alternative in Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we used receptor-binding autoradiography of the 5-HT1B-selective radioligand [3H]GR125743 to investigate possible contributions of changes in ligand binding of this receptor in LID in post-mortem brain specimens from Parkinson's disease patients (n=14) and control subjects (n=11), and from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys treated with saline (n=5), L-DOPA (n=4) or L-DOPA+2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) (n=5), and control monkeys (n=4). MPEP is the prototypal metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonist and has been shown to reduce the development of LID in these monkeys in a chronic treatment of one month. [3H]GR125743 specific binding to striatal and pallidal 5-HT1B receptors respectively were only increased in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys (dyskinetic monkeys) as compared to controls, saline and L-DOPA+MPEP MPTP monkeys; dyskinesias scores correlated positively with this binding. Parkinson's disease patients with motor complications (L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias and wearing-off) had higher [3H]GR125743 specific binding compared to those without motor complications and controls in the basal ganglia. Reduction of motor complications was associated with normal striatal 5-HT1B receptors, suggesting the potential of this receptor for the management of motor complications in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Morin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Laurent Grégoire
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Jourdain VA, Morin N, Grégoire L, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Changes in glutamate receptors in dyskinetic parkinsonian monkeys after unilateral subthalamotomy. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:1383-93. [PMID: 25932606 DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.jns141570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Unilateral subthalamotomy is a surgical procedure that may be used to alleviate disabling levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, the mechanisms involved in LID remain largely unknown. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the sole glutamatergic nucleus within the basal ganglia, and its lesion may produce changes in glutamate receptors in various areas of the basal ganglia. The authors aimed to investigate the biochemical changes in glutamate receptors in striatal and pallidal regions of the basal ganglia after lesion of the STN in parkinsonian macaque monkeys. METHODS The authors treated 12 female ovariectomized monkeys with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce PD-like symptoms, treated 8 of these animals with 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA; levodopa) to induce LID, and performed unilateral subthalamotomy in 4 of these 8 monkeys. Four additional monkeys were treated with saline only and were used as controls. The MPTP monkeys had previously been shown to respond behaviorally to lower doses of levodopa after the STN lesion. Autoradiography of slices from postmortem brain tissues was used to visualize changes in the specific binding of striatal and pallidal ionotropic glutamate receptors (that is, of the α-amino-3-hydroxy 5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate [AMPA] and N-methyl-d-aspartate [NMDA] NR1/NR2B subunit receptors) and of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (that is, mGlu2/3 and mGlu5 receptors). The specific binding and distribution of glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia of the levodopa-treated, STN-lesioned MPTP monkeys were compared with those in the saline-treated control monkeys and in the saline-treated and levodopa-treated MPTP monkeys. RESULTS The autoradiographic results indicated that none of the pharmacological and surgical treatments produced changes in the specific binding of AMPA receptors in the basal ganglia. Levodopa treatment increased the specific binding of NMDA receptors in the basal ganglia. Subthalamotomy reversed these increases in the striatum, but in the globus pallidus (GP), the subthalamotomy reversed these increases only contralaterally. Levodopa treatment reversed MPTP-induced increases in mGlu2/3 receptors only in the GP. mGlu2/3 receptor-specific binding in the striatum and GP decreased bilaterally in the levodopa-treated, STN-lesioned MPTP monkeys compared with the other 3 groups. Compared with mGlu5 receptor-specific binding in the control monkeys, that of the levodopa-treated MPTP monkeys increased in the dorsal putamen and remained unchanged in the caudate nucleus and in the GP. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate glutamate receptors in the previously observed benefits of unilateral subthalamotomy to improve motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Jourdain
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec; and.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Morin
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec; and.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Grégoire
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec; and
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec; and
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec; and.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Morin N, Morissette M, Grégoire L, Di Paolo T. Effect of a chronic treatment with an mGlu5 receptor antagonist on brain serotonin markers in parkinsonian monkeys. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:27-38. [PMID: 25046277 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias (LIDs), overactivity of brain glutamate neurotransmission is documented and antiglutamatergic drugs decrease LID. Serotonin (5-HT) receptors and transporter (SERT) are also implicated in LID and we hypothesize that antiglutamatergic drugs can also regulate brain serotoninergic activity. Our aim was to investigate the long-term effect of the prototypal metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) with L-DOPA on basal ganglia SERT, 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptor levels in monkeys lesioned with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP monkeys were treated for one month with L-DOPA and developed LID while those treated with L-DOPA and MPEP (10 mg/kg) developed significantly less LID. Normal controls and saline-treated MPTP monkeys were included for biochemical analysis. The MPTP lesion and experimental treatments left unchanged striatal 5-HT concentrations. MPTP lesion induced an increase of striatal 5-HIAA concentrations similar in all MPTP monkeys as compared to controls. [(3)H]-8-OH-DPAT and [(3)H]-citalopram specific binding levels to 5-HT(1A) receptors and SERT respectively remained unchanged in the striatum and globus pallidus of all MPTP monkeys compared to controls and no difference was observed between groups of MPTP monkeys. [(3)H]-ketanserin specific binding to striatal and pallidal 5-HT2A receptors was increased in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys as compared to controls, saline and L-DOPA+MPEP MPTP monkeys and no difference between the latter groups was observed; dyskinesia scores correlated positively with this binding. In conclusion, reduction of development of LID with MPEP was associated with lower striatal and pallidal 5-HT2A receptors showing that glutamate activity also affects serotoninergic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Morin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City G1V 0A6, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Laurent Grégoire
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City G1V 0A6, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Fox SH, Brotchie JM, Johnston TM. Primate Models of Complications Related to Parkinson Disease Treatment. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Rascol O, Fox S, Gasparini F, Kenney C, Di Paolo T, Gomez-Mancilla B. Use of metabotropic glutamate 5-receptor antagonists for treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:947-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Morin N, Di Paolo T. Pharmacological Treatments Inhibiting Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in MPTP-Lesioned Monkeys: Brain Glutamate Biochemical Correlates. Front Neurol 2014; 5:144. [PMID: 25140165 PMCID: PMC4122180 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-glutamatergic drugs can relieve Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms and decrease l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias (LID). This review reports relevant studies investigating glutamate receptor subtypes in relation to motor complications in PD patients and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys. Antagonists of the ionotropic glutamate receptors, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, display antidyskinetic activity in PD patients and animal models such as the MPTP monkey. Metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonists were shown to reduce the severity of LID in PD patients as well as in already dyskinetic non-human primates and to prevent the development of LID in de novo treatments in non-human primates. An increase in striatal post-synaptic NMDA, AMPA, and mGlu5 receptors is documented in PD patients and MPTP monkeys with LID. This increase can be prevented in MPTP monkeys with the addition of a specific glutamate receptor antagonist to the l-DOPA treatment and also with drugs of various pharmacological specificities suggesting multiple receptor interactions. This is yet to be well documented for presynaptic mGlu4 and mGlu2/3 and offers additional new promising avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Morin
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec , Quebec City, QC , Canada ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University , Quebec City, QC , Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec , Quebec City, QC , Canada ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University , Quebec City, QC , Canada
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Petrov D, Pedros I, de Lemos ML, Pallàs M, Canudas AM, Lazarowski A, Beas-Zarate C, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. Mavoglurant as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1165-79. [PMID: 24960254 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.931370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major unresolved issue in the Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is the development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) as a side effect of chronic L-DOPA administration. Currently, LIDs are managed in part by reducing the L-DOPA dose or by the administration of amantadine. However, this treatment is only partially effective. A potential strategy, currently under investigation, is the coadministration of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) and L-DOPA; a treatment that results in the improvement of dyskinesia symptoms and that permits reductions in l-DOPA dosage frequency. AREAS COVERED The authors examine the role of mGluR5 in the pathophysiology of PD and the potential use of mGluR5 NAM as an adjuvant therapy together with a primary treatment with L-DOPA. Specifically, the authors look at the mavoglurant therapy and the evidence presented through preclinical and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Interaction between mGluR5 NAM and L-DOPA is an area of interest in PD research as concomitant treatment results in the improvement of LID symptoms in humans, thus enhancing the patient's quality of life. However, few months ago, Novartis decided to discontinue clinical trials of mavoglurant for the treatment of LID, due to the lack of efficacy demonstrated in trials NCT01385592 and NCT01491529, although no safety concerns were involved in this decision. Nevertheless, the potential application of mGluR5 antagonists as neuroprotective agents must be considered and further studies are warranted to better investigate their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Petrov
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Unitat de Farmacologia I Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia , Barcelona, Avda/Joan XXIII , Spain
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Modeling dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson disease. Exp Neurol 2014; 256:105-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Stayte S, Vissel B. Advances in non-dopaminergic treatments for Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:113. [PMID: 24904259 PMCID: PMC4033125 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1960's treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) have traditionally been directed to restore or replace dopamine, with L-Dopa being the gold standard. However, chronic L-Dopa use is associated with debilitating dyskinesias, limiting its effectiveness. This has resulted in extensive efforts to develop new therapies that work in ways other than restoring or replacing dopamine. Here we describe newly emerging non-dopaminergic therapeutic strategies for PD, including drugs targeting adenosine, glutamate, adrenergic, and serotonin receptors, as well as GLP-1 agonists, calcium channel blockers, iron chelators, anti-inflammatories, neurotrophic factors, and gene therapies. We provide a detailed account of their success in animal models and their translation to human clinical trials. We then consider how advances in understanding the mechanisms of PD, genetics, the possibility that PD may consist of multiple disease states, understanding of the etiology of PD in non-dopaminergic regions as well as advances in clinical trial design will be essential for ongoing advances. We conclude that despite the challenges ahead, patients have much cause for optimism that novel therapeutics that offer better disease management and/or which slow disease progression are inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Stayte
- Neuroscience Department, Neurodegenerative Disorders Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney NSW, Australia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Neuroscience Department, Neurodegenerative Disorders Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney NSW, Australia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
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Picconi B, Calabresi P. Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors as a new strategy against levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2014; 29:715-9. [PMID: 24591264 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) represent one major motor disability of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. Thus, research effort is still devoted to finding agents that may improve parkinsonism and concomitantly reduce or avoid dyskinesia. Rodent and nonhuman primate models provide useful tools to study the molecular and neuronal bases of LIDs. Among the various strategies investigated recently, the use of drugs targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors has received large attention. In particular, use of antagonists of the subtype 5 of metabotropic glutamate receptors revealed promising preclinical and clinical results.
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Finlay C, Duty S. Therapeutic potential of targeting glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:861-80. [PMID: 24557498 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate plays a complex role in many aspects of Parkinson's disease including the loss of dopaminergic neurons, the classical motor symptoms as well as associated non-motor symptoms and the treatment-related side effect, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. This widespread involvement opens up possibilities for glutamate-based therapies to provide a more rounded approach to treatment than is afforded by current dopamine replacement therapies. Beneficial effects of blocking postsynaptic glutamate transmission have already been noted in a range of preclinical studies using antagonists of NMDA receptors or negative allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), while positive allosteric modulators of mGlu4 in particular, although at an earlier stage of investigation, also look promising. This review addresses each of the key features of Parkinson's disease in turn, summarising the contribution glutamate makes to that feature and presenting an up-to-date account of the potential for drugs acting at ionotropic or metabotropic glutamate receptors to provide relief. Whilst only a handful of these have progressed to clinical trials to date, notably NMDA and NR2B antagonists against motor symptoms and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, with mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators also against L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, the mainly positive outcomes of these trials, coupled with supportive preclinical data for other strategies in animal models of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, raise cautious optimism that a glutamate-based therapeutic approach will have significant impact on the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Finlay
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, WW1.28. Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Morin N, Jourdain VA, Morissette M, Grégoire L, Di Paolo T. Long-term treatment with l-DOPA and an mGlu5 receptor antagonist prevents changes in brain basal ganglia dopamine receptors, their associated signaling proteins and neuropeptides in parkinsonian monkeys. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:688-706. [PMID: 24456747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain glutamate overactivity is well documented in Parkinson's disease (PD) and antiglutamatergic drugs decrease L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias (LID); the implication of dopamine neurotransmission is not documented in this anti-LID activity. Therefore, we evaluated changes of dopamine receptors, their associated signaling proteins and neuropeptides mRNA, in normal control monkeys, in saline-treated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys and in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys, without or with an adjunct treatment to reduce the development of LID: 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), the prototypal metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonist. All de novo treatments were administered for 1 month and the animals were sacrificed thereafter. MPTP monkeys treated with l-DOPA + MPEP developed significantly less LID than MPTP monkeys treated with l-DOPA alone. [(3)H]SCH-23390 specific binding to D1 receptors of all MPTP monkeys was decreased as compared to controls in the basal ganglia and no difference was observed between all MPTP groups, while striatal D1 receptor mRNA levels remained unchanged. [(3)H]raclopride specific binding to striatal D2 receptors and mRNA levels of D2 receptors were increased in MPTP monkeys compared to controls; l-DOPA treatment reduced this binding in MPTP monkeys while it remained elevated with the l-DOPA + MPEP treatment. Striatal [(3)H]raclopride specific binding correlated positively with D2 receptor mRNA levels of all MPTP-lesioned monkeys. Striatal preproenkephalin/preprodynorphin mRNA levels and phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Akt/GSK3β levels increased only in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys as compared to controls, saline treated-MPTP and l-DOPA + MPEP treated MPTP monkeys. Hence, reduction of development of LID with MPEP was associated with changes in D2 receptors, their associated signaling proteins and neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Morin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City G1K 7P4, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Vincent A Jourdain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City G1K 7P4, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Laurent Grégoire
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City G1K 7P4, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Morin N, Di Paolo T. Interaction of adenosine receptors with other receptors from therapeutic perspective in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:151-67. [PMID: 25175965 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia is observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias (LID). An attractive alternative for treating LID is to use adjunct drugs to modulate nondopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in the basal ganglia. For example, adenosine receptors have received attention over the past years for the treatment of PD and LID. Adenosine interacts closely with dopamine and plays an important role in the function of striatal GABAergic efferent neurons. Excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission is also modulated by adenosine in the striatum. Hence, based on the unique cellular and regional distribution of this system, adenosine neurotransmission could have an important implication for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the basal ganglia disorders. Indeed, A2A adenosine receptor antagonists were shown to improve motor deficits in PD and to reduce the severity of LID. A2A receptor subtypes are selectively found on striatopallidal neurons and can couple with receptors of interest in PD, such as D2 dopamine and metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGlu5) receptors, and form functional heteromeric complexes. This chapter will review relevant studies investigating the role and contribution of adenosine receptor subtypes in pathophysiology of PD and LID. The interactions of adenosine receptors, especially A1 and A2A receptor subtypes, with other receptors implicated in the pathophysiology of PD and LID such as dopaminergic and glutamatergic receptors will be reviewed. The implication of these interactions in the development and expression of PD symptoms and LID needs further investigation to find novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Morin
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
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Nickols HH, Conn PJ. Development of allosteric modulators of GPCRs for treatment of CNS disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 61:55-71. [PMID: 24076101 PMCID: PMC3875303 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of allosteric modulators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) provides a promising new strategy with potential for developing novel treatments for a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Traditional drug discovery efforts targeting GPCRs have focused on developing ligands for orthosteric sites which bind endogenous ligands. Allosteric modulators target a site separate from the orthosteric site to modulate receptor function. These allosteric agents can either potentiate (positive allosteric modulator, PAM) or inhibit (negative allosteric modulator, NAM) the receptor response and often provide much greater subtype selectivity than orthosteric ligands for the same receptors. Experimental evidence has revealed more nuanced pharmacological modes of action of allosteric modulators, with some PAMs showing allosteric agonism in combination with positive allosteric modulation in response to endogenous ligand (ago-potentiators) as well as "bitopic" ligands that interact with both the allosteric and orthosteric sites. Drugs targeting the allosteric site allow for increased drug selectivity and potentially decreased adverse side effects. Promising evidence has demonstrated potential utility of a number of allosteric modulators of GPCRs in multiple CNS disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, as well as psychiatric or neurobehavioral diseases such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and addiction.
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Key Words
- (+)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-ethyl-6,7-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-4(5H)-one
- (1-(4-cyano-4-(pyridine-2-yl)piperidine-1-yl)methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinolizine-3-carboxylic acid)
- (1S,2S)-N(1)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxamide
- (1S,3R,4S)-1-aminocyclo-pentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid
- (3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3]b quinolin-7-yl)(cis-4-methoxycyclohexyl) methanone
- (3aS,5S,7aR)-methyl 5-hydroxy-5-(m-tolylethynyl)octahydro-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
- 1-(1′-(2-methylbenzyl)-1,4′-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one
- 1-[3-(4-butyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- 2-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-5-methylpyridine
- 2-chloro-4-((2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1Himidazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine
- 2-methyl-6-(2-phenylethenyl)pyridine
- 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine
- 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide
- 3-cyclohexyl-5-fluoro-6-methyl-7-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
- 3[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethylnyl]pyridine
- 4-((E)-styryl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine
- 4-[1-(2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxamide
- 4-n-butyl-1-[4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl]-piperidine
- 5-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine
- 5MPEP
- 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-(4-pyridinyl)-isoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one
- 6-OHDA
- 6-hydroxydopamine
- 6-methyl-2-(phenylazo)-3-pyridinol
- 77-LH-28-1
- 7TMR
- AC-42
- ACPT-1
- AChE
- AD
- ADX71743
- AFQ056
- APP
- Allosteric modulator
- Alzheimer's disease
- BINA
- BQCA
- CDPPB
- CFMMC
- CNS
- CPPHA
- CTEP
- DA
- DFB
- DHPG
- Drug discovery
- ERK1/2
- FMRP
- FTIDC
- FXS
- Fragile X syndrome
- GABA
- GPCR
- JNJ16259685
- L-AP4
- L-DOPA
- Lu AF21934
- Lu AF32615
- M-5MPEP
- MMPIP
- MPEP
- MPTP
- MTEP
- Metabotropic glutamate receptor
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
- N-[4-chloro-2[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl]-2-hydrobenzamide
- N-methyl-d-aspartate
- N-phenyl-7-(hydroxylimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxamide
- NAM
- NMDA
- PAM
- PCP
- PD
- PD-LID
- PET
- PHCCC
- PQCA
- Parkinson's disease
- Parkinson's disease levodopa-induced dyskinesia
- SAM
- SIB-1757
- SIB-1893
- TBPB
- [(3-fluorophenyl)methylene]hydrazone-3-fluorobenzaldehyde
- acetylcholinesterase
- amyloid precursor protein
- benzylquinolone carboxylic acid
- central nervous system
- dihydroxyphenylglycine
- dopamine
- extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
- fragile X mental retardation protein
- l-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
- l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
- mGlu
- metabotropic glutamate receptor
- negative allosteric modulator
- phencyclidine
- positive allosteric modulator
- positron emission tomography
- potassium 30-([(2-cyclopentyl-6-7-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5yl)oxy]methyl)biphenyl l-4-carboxylate
- seven transmembrane receptor
- silent allosteric modulator
- γ-aminobutyric acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Highfield Nickols
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Carrillo-Mora P, Silva-Adaya D, Villaseñor-Aguayo K. Glutamate in Parkinson's disease: Role of antiglutamatergic drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Performance of movement in hemiparkinsonian rats influences the modifications induced by dopamine agonists in striatal efferent dynorphinergic neurons. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:663-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Gasparini F, Di Paolo T, Gomez-Mancilla B. Metabotropic glutamate receptors for Parkinson's disease therapy. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2013; 2013:196028. [PMID: 23853735 PMCID: PMC3703788 DOI: 10.1155/2013/196028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive glutamatergic signalling within the basal ganglia is implicated in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and inthe emergence of dyskinesia associated with long-term treatment with L-DOPA. There is considerable research focus on the discovery and development of compounds that modulate glutamatergic signalling via glutamate receptors, as treatments for PD and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Although initial preclinical studies with ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists showed antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic activity, their clinical use was limited due to psychiatric adverse effects, with the exception of amantadine, a weak N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, currently used to reduce dyskinesia in PD patients. Metabotropic receptor (mGlu receptor) modulators were considered to have a more favourable side-effect profile, and several agents have been studied in preclinical models of PD. The most promising results have been seen clinically with selective antagonists of mGlu5 receptor and preclinically with selective positive allosteric modulators of mGlu4 receptor. The growing understanding of glutamate receptor crosstalk also raises the possibility of more precise modulation of glutamatergic transmission, which may lead to the development of more effective agents for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Gasparini
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Baltazar Gomez-Mancilla
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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49
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Morin N, Morissette M, Grégoire L, Gomez-Mancilla B, Gasparini F, Di Paolo T. Chronic treatment with MPEP, an mGlu5 receptor antagonist, normalizes basal ganglia glutamate neurotransmission in L-DOPA-treated parkinsonian monkeys. Neuropharmacology 2013; 73:216-31. [PMID: 23756168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonists reduce L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of the prototypal mGlu5 receptor antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) on glutamate receptors known to be involved in the development of LID in the de novo chronic treatment of monkeys lesioned with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP monkeys were treated for one month with L-DOPA and developed dyskinesias while those treated with L-DOPA and MPEP (10 mg/kg) developed significantly less. Normal control and saline-treated MPTP monkeys were also included. All MPTP monkeys were extensively and similarly denervated. The basal ganglia [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding (mGlu5 receptors) was elevated in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys compared to controls but not in those treated with L-DOPA and MPEP; dyskinesia scores of these monkeys correlated positively with their [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding. Striatal density (B(max)) of [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding increased in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys compared to other groups and affinity (Kd) remained unchanged. Striatal mGlu5 receptor mRNA remained unchanged following treatments. Elevated basal ganglia specific binding of [(3)H]Ro 25-6981 (NMDA NR1/NR2B receptors), [(3)H]Ro 48-8587 (AMPA receptors) but not [(3)H]CGP-39653 (NMDA NR1/NR2A receptors) was observed only in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys; dyskinesias scores correlated with binding. By contrast, basal ganglia [(3)H]LY341495 specific binding (mGlu2/3 receptors) decreased in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys compared to controls, saline and L-DOPA + MPEP treated MPTP monkeys; dyskinesias scores correlated negatively with this binding. Hence, chronic MPEP treatment reduces the development of LID and is associated with a normalization of glutamate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Morin
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Laval University Medical Center (CHUQ), Quebec, QC, Canada
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