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Panarello S, González-Díez A, Berizzi AE, Malhaire F, Borràs-Tudurí R, Rovira X, Serra C, Prézeau L, Pin JP, Goudet C, Llebaria A, Gómez-Santacana X. Photoswitchable positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 to improve selectivity. iScience 2024; 27:110123. [PMID: 38966572 PMCID: PMC11223089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) regulate multiple functions in the nervous systems and are involved in several neurological disorders. However, selectively targeting individual mGlu subtypes with spatiotemporal precision is still an unmet need. Photopharmacology can address this concern through the utilization of photoswitchable compounds such as optogluram, which is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGlu4 that enables the precise control of physiological responses using light but does not have an optimal selectivity profile. Optogluram analogs were developed to obtain photoswitchable PAMs of mGlu4 receptor with an improved selectivity. Among them, optogluram-2 emerged as a photoswitchable ligand for mGlu4 receptor with activity as both PAM and allosteric agonists. It presents a higher selectivity and offers improved photoswitching of mGlu4 activity. These improved properties make optogluram-2 an excellent candidate to study the role of mGlu4 with a high spatiotemporal precision in systems where mGlu4 can be co-expressed with other mGlu receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Panarello
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Organic Chemistry of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix González-Díez
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Organic Chemistry of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alice E. Berizzi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Xavier Rovira
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Serra
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gómez-Santacana
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
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2
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Hoglund BK, Carfagno V, Olive MF, Leyrer-Jackson JM. Metabotropic glutamate receptors and cognition: From underlying plasticity and neuroprotection to cognitive disorders and therapeutic targets. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:367-413. [PMID: 36868635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that play pivotal roles in mediating the activity of neurons and other cell types within the brain, communication between cell types, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression. As such, these receptors play an important role in a number of cognitive processes. In this chapter, we discuss the role of mGlu receptors in various forms of cognition and their underlying physiology, with an emphasis on cognitive dysfunction. Specifically, we highlight evidence that links mGlu physiology to cognitive dysfunction across brain disorders including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Fragile X syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. We also provide recent evidence demonstrating that mGlu receptors may elicit neuroprotective effects in particular disease states. Lastly, we discuss how mGlu receptors can be targeted utilizing positive and negative allosteric modulators as well as subtype specific agonists and antagonist to restore cognitive function across these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Hoglund
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Vincent Carfagno
- School of Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - M Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jonna M Leyrer-Jackson
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
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3
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Luessen DJ, Conn PJ. Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Novel Therapeutics for Neuropsychiatric Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:630-661. [PMID: 35710132 PMCID: PMC9553119 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous system and important roles in regulating complex behaviors, such as cognition, reward, and movement. Thus, targeting mGlu receptors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of several brain disorders. Ongoing advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mGlu receptors has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the brain by targeting sites distinct from orthosteric or endogenous ligand binding sites on mGlu receptors. These pharmacological agents provide the unparalleled opportunity to selectively regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and subsequent behavioral output pertinent to many brain disorders. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the utility of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as novel therapeutic approaches to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and stress-related disorders.
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Gao YN, Zhang YQ, Wang H, Deng YL, Li NM. A New Player in Depression: MiRNAs as Modulators of Altered Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094555. [PMID: 35562946 PMCID: PMC9101307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a psychiatric disorder that presents with a persistent depressed mood as the main clinical feature and is accompanied by cognitive impairment. Changes in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis greatly affect depression. Without genetic changes, epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to function by regulating gene expression during the body’s adaptation to stress. Studies in recent years have shown that as important regulatory factors in epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development and progression of depression through the regulation of protein expression. Herein, we review the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated neuroplasticity in depression and discus synaptic structural plasticity, synaptic functional plasticity, and neurogenesis. Furthermore, we found that miRNAs regulate neuroplasticity through several signalling pathways to affect cognitive functions. However, these pathways do not work independently. Therefore, we try to identify synergistic correlations between miRNAs and multiple signalling pathways to broaden the potential pathogenesis of depression. In addition, in the future, dual-function miRNAs (protection/injury) are promising candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression, and their regulated genes can potentially be used as target genes for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-N.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Yong-Qian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.-L.D.)
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-N.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Yu-Lin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.-L.D.)
| | - Nuo-Min Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-N.G.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Xu Y, Lin S, Tao J, Liu X, Zhou R, Chen S, Vyas P, Yang C, Chen B, Qian A, Wang M. Correlation research of susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms and the severity of clinical symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1003542. [PMID: 36213906 PMCID: PMC9538111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1003542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the severity of clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), so as to supplement the clinical significance of gene polymorphism and increase our understanding of the association between genetic mutations and ADHD phenotypes. METHODS 193 children with ADHD were included in our study from February 2017 to February 2020 in the Children's ADHD Clinic of the author's medical institution. 23 ADHD susceptibility SNPs were selected based on the literature, and multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted capture sequencing technology was used for gene analysis. A series of ADHD-related questionnaires were used to reflect the severity of the disease, and the correlation between the SNPs of specific sites and the severity of clinical symptoms was evaluated. R software was used to search for independent risk factors by multivariate logistic regression and the "corplot" package was used for correlation analysis. RESULTS Among the 23 SNP loci of ADHD children, no mutation was detected in 6 loci, and 2 loci did not conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Of the remaining 15 loci, there were 9 SNPs, rs2652511 (SLC6A3 locus), rs1410739 (OBI1-AS1 locus), rs3768046 (TIE1 locus), rs223508 (MANBA locus), rs2906457 (ST3GAL3 locus), rs4916723 (LINC00461 locus), rs9677504 (SPAG16 locus), rs1427829 (intron) and rs11210892 (intron), correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms of ADHD. Specifically, rs1410739 (OBI1-AS1 locus) was found to simultaneously affect conduct problems, control ability and abstract thinking ability of children with ADHD. CONCLUSION There were 9 SNPs significantly correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms in children with ADHD, and the rs1410739 (OBI1-AS1 locus) may provide a new direction for ADHD research. Our study builds on previous susceptibility research and further investigates the impact of a single SNP on the severity of clinical symptoms of ADHD. This can help improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangxiang Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejie Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangli Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Punit Vyas
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Andan Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meihao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Emerging role of microRNAs in major depressive disorder and its implication on diagnosis and therapeutic response. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:80-86. [PMID: 33714174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and common psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence in the population. Although great advances have been made, its pathogenesis is still unclear and a validated biomarker for diagnosis or therapeutic response remains unidentified. This review aims at summarizing the functional role of miRNAs in MDD pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response. METHODS We performed a bibliographic research on the main databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science) using the terms "microRNAs", "major depressive disorder", "synaptic plasticity", "biomarker", "antidepressant treatment", in order to find studies that propose the role of microRNAs in MDD pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response. RESULTS microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, act as key regulators of synaptic plasticity in MDD pathogenesis. Growing researches provide the evidence for peripheral miRNAs as potential biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response. These results suggest that targeting miRNAs directly could be therapeutically beneficial for MDD and miRNAs are potential biomarkers of MDD and its treatment. LIMITATIONS The role of miRNAs in MDD pathogenesis needs further investigation. Whether miRNAs in peripheral tissues truly represent brain-derived miRNAs is still unclear at the present time. Moreover, only a few blood miRNAs alterations are consistent across studies. CONCLUSIONS Overall, miRNAs act key regulators of synaptic plasticity in MDD pathogenesis and hold significant promise as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for MDD, but further research is still needed.
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Zhang Q, Chen X, Li S, Yao T, Wu J. Association between the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor gene polymorphisms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and functional exploration of risk loci. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 132:65-71. [PMID: 33068816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence suggests that the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) gene variations are involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have fully explored this association. We conducted a case-control study with 617 cases and 636 controls to investigate the association between functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the group III mGluR gene polymorphisms (GRM4, GRM7, GRM8) and ADHD in the Chinese Han population and initially explored the function of positive SNPs. The GRM4 rs1906953 T genotype showed a significant association with a decreased risk of ADHD (TT:CC, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40-0.77; recessive model, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43-0.78). GRM7 rs9826579 C showed a significant association with an increased risk of ADHD (TC:TT, OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.39-2.36; dominant model, OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.35-2.24; additive model, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.24-1.97). In addition, compared with subjects with the rs1906953 TT genotype, subjects with of the CC genotype showed more obvious attention deficit behaviours and hyperactivity/impulsive behaviours. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays showed that a promoter reporter with the rs1906953 TT genotype significantly decreased luciferase activity compared with the CC genotype. According to electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the binding capacity of rs1906953 T probe with nucleoprotein was lower than that of the rs1906953 C probe. Our results revealed the association of GRM4 rs1906953 and GRM7 rs9826579 with ADHD. Moreover, we found that rs1906953 disturbs the transcriptional activity of GRM4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. How do stupendous cannabinoids modulate memory processing via affecting neurotransmitter systems? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:173-221. [PMID: 33171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we wanted to review the role of cannabinoids in learning and memory in animal models, with respect to their interaction effects with six principal neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory including dopamine, glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Cannabinoids induce a wide-range of unpredictable effects on cognitive functions, while their mechanisms are not fully understood. Cannabinoids in different brain regions and in interaction with different neurotransmitters, show diverse responses. Previous findings have shown that cannabinoids agonists and antagonists induce various unpredictable effects such as similar effect, paradoxical effect, or dualistic effect. It should not be forgotten that brain neurotransmitter systems can also play unpredictable roles in mediating cognitive functions. Thus, we aimed to review and discuss the effect of cannabinoids in interaction with neurotransmitters on learning and memory. In addition, we mentioned to the type of interactions between cannabinoids and neurotransmitter systems. We suggested that investigating the type of interactions is a critical neuropharmacological issue that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Yin G, Guan L, Yu L, Huang D. A pilot study on differential expression of microRNAs in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and serum of sows in activity restricted crates or activity free pens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1469-1474. [PMID: 31010975 PMCID: PMC6722321 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Physical activity restriction in sows may lead to behavioral abnormalities and affective disorders. However, the psychophysiological state of these sows is still unclear. As miRNAs can be used as effective markers of psychopathy, the present study aimed to assess the difference in microRNA expression between the long-term activity restricted sows and activity free sows, thus contributing to the understanding of abnormal sow behaviors.. Methods Four dry sows (sixth parity, Large × White genetic line) were selected from activity restricted crates (RC) or activity free pens (FP) separately. microRNAs in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) and serum were examined using RT-PCR, and the correlation between the miRNAs expressed in the vMPFC and serum was evaluated. Results miR-134 (1.11 vs 0.84) and miR-1202 (1.09 vs 0.85) levels were higher in the vMPFC of the RC sows than in the FP sows (p < 0.01). Furthermore, miR-132 (1.27 vs 1.08) and miR-335 (1.03 vs 0.84) levels were also higher in the RC sows than in FP sows (p < 0.05); however, miR-135a, miR-135b, miR-16 and miR-124 levels were not different (p > 0.05). The relative expression of serum miR-1202 was higher in the RC sows than in the FP sows (1.04 vs 0.54) (p < 0.05). , and there was a strong correlation (R=0.757, p < 0.05) between vMPFC and Serum levels of miR-1202. However, no significant difference was observed in miR-16 levels in the serum of the RC sows and FP sows (p > 0.05). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates that long-term activity restriction in sows likely results in autism or other complex psychopathies with depression-like behaviors. These observations may provide new insights for future studies on abnormal behavior in sows and contribute to research on human psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Liwei Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Langchao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Dapeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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10
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Crupi R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S. Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurological Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:20. [PMID: 30800054 PMCID: PMC6375857 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is a fundamental excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), playing key roles in memory, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, excessive glutamate release has been implicated in neuronal cell death. There are both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), the latter of which can be divided into eight subtypes and three subgroups based on homology sequence and their effects on cell signaling. Indeed, mGluRs exert fine control over glutamate activity by stimulating several cell-signaling pathways via the activation of G protein-coupled (GPC) or G protein-independent cell signaling. The involvement of specific mGluRs in different forms of synaptic plasticity suggests that modulation of mGluRs may aid in the treatment of cognitive impairments related to several neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, which are associated with a high economic and social burden. Preclinical and clinical data have shown that, in the CNS, mGluRs are able to modulate presynaptic neurotransmission by fine-tuning neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release in a dynamic, activity-dependent manner. Current studies on drugs that target mGluRs have identified promising, innovative pharmacological tools for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions, including chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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11
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Cahill EN, Milton AL. Neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the retrieval-extinction effect. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:111-132. [PMID: 30656364 PMCID: PMC6373198 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extinction within the reconsolidation window, or 'retrieval-extinction', has received much research interest as a possible technique for targeting the reconsolidation of maladaptive memories with a behavioural intervention. However, it remains to be determined whether the retrieval-extinction effect-a long-term reduction in fear behaviour, which appears resistant to spontaneous recovery, renewal and reinstatement-depends specifically on destabilisation of the original memory (the 'reconsolidation-update' account) or represents facilitation of an extinction memory (the 'extinction-facilitation' account). We propose that comparing the neurotransmitter systems, receptors and intracellular signalling pathways recruited by reconsolidation, extinction and retrieval-extinction will provide a way of distinguishing between these accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Cahill
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
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12
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O’Connor RM, McCafferty CP, Bravo JA, Singewald N, Holmes A, Cryan JF. Increased amygdalar metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 mRNA in a genetic mouse model of impaired fear extinction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:265-272. [PMID: 30215216 PMCID: PMC6739849 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating anxiety-related disorder which develops subsequent to a severe psychologically traumatic event. Only ~ 9% of people who experience such a trauma develop PTSD. It is clear that a number of factors, including genetics, influence whether an individual will develop PTSD subsequent to a trauma. The 129S1/SvImJ (S1) inbred mouse strain displays poor fear extinction and may be useful to model this specific aspect of PTSD. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7 receptor) has previously been shown to be involved in cognitive processes and anxiety-like behaviour placing it in a key position to regulate fear extinction processes. We sought to compare mGlu7 receptor mRNA levels in the S1 strain with those in the robustly extinguishing C57BL/6J (B6) inbred strain using in situ hybridisation (ISH) in three brain regions associated with fear extinction: the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). RESULTS Compared to the B6 strain, S1 mice had increased mGlu7 receptor mRNA levels in the lateral amygdala (LA) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) subdivisions. An increase was also seen in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subregions of S1 mice. No difference in mGlu7 receptor levels were seen in the central nucleus (CeA) of the amygdala, dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These data show altered mGlu7 receptor expression in key brain regions associated with fear extinction in two different inbred mouse strains which differ markedly in their fear extinction behaviour. Altered mGlu7 receptor levels may contribute to the deficit fear extinction processes seen in fear extinction in the S1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. O’Connor
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, S10-20 Hess CSM, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA,Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cian P. McCafferty
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Present address: Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Javier A. Bravo
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio e Química Biológica & Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Wan YQ, Feng JG, Li M, Wang MZ, Liu L, Liu X, Duan XX, Zhang CX, Wang XB. Prefrontal cortex miR-29b-3p plays a key role in the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in rats. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-14. [PMID: 30369596 PMCID: PMC6204429 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has a rapid, obvious, and persistent antidepressant effect, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of ketamine's antidepressant effect. We investigated the alteration in miR-29b-3p in the brain of rats subjected to ketamine administration and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and a sucrose preference test and forced swimming test were used to evaluate the rats' depressive-like state. We used recombination adeno-associated virus (rAAV) or lentivirus-expressing miR-29b-3p to observe the change in metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (GRM4). Cell culture and electrophysiological recordings were used to evaluate the function of miR-29b-3p. Ketamine dramatically increased miR-29b-3p expression in the prefrontal cortex of the normal rats. The dual luciferase reporter test confirmed that GRM4 was the target of miR-29b-3p. The miR-29b-3p levels were downregulated, while the GRM4 levels were upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of the depressive-like rats. The ketamine treatment increased miR-29b-3p expression and decreased GRM4 expression in the prefrontal cortex of the depressive-like rats and primary neurons. By overexpressing and silencing miR-29b-3p, we further validated that miR-29b-3p could negatively regulate GRM4. The silencing of miR-29b-3p suppressed the Ca2+ influx in the prefrontal cortex neurons. The miR-29b-3p overexpression contributed to cell survival, cytodendrite growth, increases in extracellular glutamate concentration, and cell apoptosis inhibition. The overexpression of miR-29b-3p by rAAV resulted in a noticeable relief of the depressive behaviors of the CUMS rats and a lower expression of GRM4. The miR-29b-3p/GRM4 pathway acts as a critical mediator of ketamine's antidepressant effect in depressive-like rats and could be considered a potential therapeutic target for treating major depression disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qiang Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Li
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Zhou Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Age-Related Declines in Prefrontal Cortical Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors that Support Working Memory. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0164-18. [PMID: 29971246 PMCID: PMC6026020 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0164-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate signaling is essential for the persistent neural activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) that enables working memory. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a diverse class of proteins that modulate excitatory neurotransmission via both presynaptic regulation of extracellular glutamate levels and postsynaptic modulation of ion channels on dendritic spines. This receptor class is of significant therapeutic interest for treatment of cognitive disorders associated with glutamate dysregulation. Working memory impairment and cortical hypoexcitability are both associated with advanced aging. Whether aging modifies PFC mGluR expression, and the extent to which any such alterations are regionally or subtype specific, however, is unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether specific mGluRs in PFC are critical for working memory, and thus, whether altered mGluR expression in aging or disease is sufficient to play a causative role in working memory decline. Experiments in the current study first evaluated the effects of age on medial PFC (mPFC) mGluR expression using biochemical and molecular approaches in rats. Of the eight mGluRs examined, only mGluR5, mGluR3, and mGluR4 were significantly reduced in the aged PFC. The reductions in mGluR3 and mGluR5 (but not mGluR4) were observed in both mRNA and protein and were selectively localized to the prelimbic (PrL), but not infralimbic (IL), subregion of mPFC. Finally, pharmacological blockade of mGluR5 or mGluR2/3 using selective antagonists directed to PrL significantly impaired working memory without influencing non-mnemonic aspects of task performance. Together, these data implicate attenuated expression of PFC mGluR5 and mGluR3 in the impaired working memory associated with advanced ages.
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15
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Zussy C, Gómez-Santacana X, Rovira X, De Bundel D, Ferrazzo S, Bosch D, Asede D, Malhaire F, Acher F, Giraldo J, Valjent E, Ehrlich I, Ferraguti F, Pin JP, Llebaria A, Goudet C. Dynamic modulation of inflammatory pain-related affective and sensory symptoms by optical control of amygdala metabotropic glutamate receptor 4. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:509-520. [PMID: 27994221 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to acute pain, chronic pain does not serve as a warning signal and must be considered as a disease per se. This pathology presents a sensory and psychological dimension at the origin of affective and cognitive disorders. Being largely refractory to current pharmacotherapies, identification of endogenous systems involved in persistent and chronic pain is crucial. The amygdala is a key brain region linking pain sensation with negative emotions. Here, we show that activation of a specific intrinsic neuromodulatory system within the amygdala associated with type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu4) abolishes sensory and affective symptoms of persistent pain such as hypersensitivity to pain, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, and fear extinction impairment. Interestingly, neuroanatomical and synaptic analysis of the amygdala circuitry suggests that the effects of mGlu4 activation occur outside the central nucleus via modulation of multisensory thalamic inputs to lateral amygdala principal neurons and dorso-medial intercalated cells. Furthermore, we developed optogluram, a small diffusible photoswitchable positive allosteric modulator of mGlu4. This ligand allows the control of endogenous mGlu4 activity with light. Using this photopharmacological approach, we rapidly and reversibly inhibited behavioral symptoms associated with persistent pain through optical control of optogluram in the amygdala of freely behaving animals. Altogether, our data identify amygdala mGlu4 signaling as a mechanism that bypasses central sensitization processes to dynamically modulate persistent pain symptoms. Our findings help to define novel and more precise therapeutic interventions for chronic pain, and exemplify the potential of optopharmacology to study the dynamic activity of endogenous neuromodulatory mechanisms in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zussy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR-5203, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France
| | - X Gómez-Santacana
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Institut de Neurociències and Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - X Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR-5203, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France
| | - D De Bundel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR-5203, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France
| | - S Ferrazzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Bosch
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Asede
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Malhaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR-5203, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France
| | - F Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Institut de Neurociències and Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR-5203, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France
| | - I Ehrlich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Ferraguti
- Department of Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J-P Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR-5203, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France
| | - A Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Goudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR-5203, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France
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16
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Volpi C, Fallarino F, Mondanelli G, Macchiarulo A, Grohmann U. Opportunities and challenges in drug discovery targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 4. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:411-423. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1443076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Selvam C, Lemasson IA, Brabet I, Oueslati N, Karaman B, Cabaye A, Tora AS, Commare B, Courtiol T, Cesarini S, McCort-Tranchepain I, Rigault D, Mony L, Bessiron T, McLean H, Leroux FR, Colobert F, Daniel H, Goupil-Lamy A, Bertrand HO, Goudet C, Pin JP, Acher FC. Increased Potency and Selectivity for Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Binding at Dual sites. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1969-1989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelliah Selvam
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle A. Lemasson
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle Brabet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Nadia Oueslati
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Berin Karaman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Alexandre Cabaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Amélie S. Tora
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Commare
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
- UMR 7509/CNRS/ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg 02, France
| | - Tiphanie Courtiol
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Sara Cesarini
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle McCort-Tranchepain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Delphine Rigault
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Laetitia Mony
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
- Institut de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, PSL University, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bessiron
- Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/NeuroPSI−UMR 9197, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Heather McLean
- Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/NeuroPSI−UMR 9197, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric R. Leroux
- UMR 7509/CNRS/ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg 02, France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- UMR 7509/CNRS/ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg 02, France
| | - Hervé Daniel
- Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/NeuroPSI−UMR 9197, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne Goupil-Lamy
- BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, 10 rue Marcel Dassault, CS 40501, 78946 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Hugues-Olivier Bertrand
- BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, 10 rue Marcel Dassault, CS 40501, 78946 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Francine C. Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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18
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Fiori LM, Lin R, Ju C, Belzeaux R, Turecki G. Using Epigenetic Tools to Investigate Antidepressant Response. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 158:255-272. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, yet its etiology remains elusive. The last decades have seen great advances in our understanding of the genome structure and functional organization. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that do not code for proteins but have important regulatory roles. The investigation of ncRNAs as regulators of gene expression has been a topic of growing interest in health research, including in studies investigating etiological and therapeutic factors in major depression. Several different species of ncRNAs have been identified in association to and have shown to be dysregulated in depressed individuals or in animal models of depression. This review will detail the complex relation between ncRNAs and major depression and the studies that propose mechanisms and pathways that specific ncRNAs may be involved in major depression.
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20
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Raber J, Weber SJ, Kronenberg A, Turker MS. Sex- and dose-dependent effects of calcium ion irradiation on behavioral performance of B6D2F1 mice during contextual fear conditioning training. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2016; 9:56-61. [PMID: 27345201 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The space radiation environment includes energetic charged particles that may impact behavioral and cognitive performance. The relationship between the dose and the ionization density of the various types of charged particles (expressed as linear energy transfer or LET), and cognitive performance is complex. In our earlier work, whole body exposure to (28)Si ions (263 MeV/n, LET=78keV/μm; 1.6 Gy) affected contextual fear memory in C57BL/6J × DBA2/J F1 (B6D2F1) mice three months following irradiation but this was not the case following exposure to (48)Ti ions (1 GeV/n, LET=107keV/μm; 0.2 or 0.4 Gy). As an increased understanding of the impact of charged particle exposures is critical for assessment of risk to the CNS of astronauts during and following missions, in this study we used (40)Ca ion beams (942 MeV/n, LET=90keV/μm) to determine the behavioral and cognitive effects for the LET region between that of Si ions and Ti ions. (40)Ca ion exposure reduced baseline activity in a novel environment in a dose-dependent manner, which suggests reduced motivation to explore and/or a diminished level of curiosity in a novel environment. In addition, exposure to (40)Ca ions had sex-dependent effects on response to shock. (40)Ca ion irradiation reduced the response to shock in female, but not male, mice. In contrast, (40)Ca ion irradiation did not affect fear learning, memory, or extinction of fear memory for either gender at the doses employed in this study. Thus (40)Ca ion irradiation affected behavioral, but not cognitive, performance. The effects of (40)Ca ion irradiation on behavioral performance are relevant, as a combination of novelty and aversive environmental stimuli is pertinent to conditions experienced by astronauts during and following space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Sydney J Weber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy Kronenberg
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mitchell S Turker
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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21
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Peterlik D, Flor PJ, Uschold-Schmidt N. The Emerging Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Stress-Related Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:514-39. [PMID: 27296643 PMCID: PMC4983752 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150515234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress-related psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse are an enormous public health concern. The etiology of these pathologies is complex, with psychosocial stressors being among the most frequently discussed risk factors. The brain glutamatergic neurotransmitter system has often been found involved in behaviors and pathophysiologies resulting from acute stress and fear. Despite this, relatively little is known about the role of glutamatergic system components in chronic psychosocial stress, neither in rodents nor in humans. Recently, drug discovery efforts at the metabotropic receptor subtypes of the glutamatergic system (mGlu1-8 receptors) led to the identification of pharmacological tools with emerging potential in psychiatric conditions. But again, the contribution of individual mGlu subtypes to the manifestation of physiological, molecular, and behavioral consequences of chronic psychosocial stress remains still largely unaddressed. The current review will describe animal models typically used to analyze acute and particularly chronic stress conditions, including models of psychosocial stress, and there we will discuss the emerging roles for mGlu receptor subtypes. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates relevance and potential therapeutic usefulness of mGlu2/3 ligands and mGlu5 receptor antagonists in chronic stress-related disorders. In addition, a role for further mechanisms, e.g. mGlu7-selective compounds, is beginning to emerge. These mechanisms are important to be analyzed in chronic psychosocial stress paradigms, e.g. in the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) model. We summarize the early results and discuss necessary future investigations, especially for mGlu5 and mGlu7 receptor blockers, which might serve to suggest improved therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Flor
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Uschold-Schmidt
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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22
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Li J, Meng H, Cao W, Qiu T. MiR-335 is involved in major depression disorder and antidepressant treatment through targeting GRM4. Neurosci Lett 2015; 606:167-72. [PMID: 26314506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mood disorder. Treatment of MDD includes a variety of biopsychosocial approaches. Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4 (GRM4) has been implicated in the regulation of MDD and it is seen as an attractive target for drug discovery and development. Here we reported using cellular assays and blood samples from MDD patients and showed that miR-335 was downregulated in individuals with depression compared with healthy controls. Additionally, we confirmed that miR-335 can directly target GRM4, which can further regulated the expression of miR-335. Antidepressant drug treatment with citalopram can upregulate miR-335 expression and downregulate GRM4 expression. These results suggest that miR-335 is associated with the pathophysiology of depression and is a potential target for new antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wan Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016, China
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Commare B, Rigault D, Lemasson IA, Deschamps P, Tomas A, Roussel P, Brabet I, Goudet C, Pin JP, Leroux FR, Colobert F, Acher FC. Determination of the absolute configuration of phosphinic analogues of glutamate. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1106-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereomers of LSP1-2111 have been separated, their absolute configuration and agonist activity at mGlu4R determined.
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24
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Singewald N, Schmuckermair C, Whittle N, Holmes A, Ressler KJ. Pharmacology of cognitive enhancers for exposure-based therapy of fear, anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 149:150-90. [PMID: 25550231 PMCID: PMC4380664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with PTSD, phobias, panic and other anxiety disorders. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that pharmacological treatments including cognitive enhancers, when given as adjuncts to psychotherapeutic approaches [cognitive behavioral therapy including extinction-based exposure therapy] enhance treatment efficacy, while using anxiolytics such as benzodiazepines as adjuncts can undermine long-term treatment success. The purpose of this review is to outline the literature showing how pharmacological interventions targeting neurotransmitter systems including serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, glutamate, GABA, cannabinoids, neuropeptides (oxytocin, neuropeptides Y and S, opioids) and other targets (neurotrophins BDNF and FGF2, glucocorticoids, L-type-calcium channels, epigenetic modifications) as well as their downstream signaling pathways, can augment fear extinction and strengthen extinction memory persistently in preclinical models. Particularly promising approaches are discussed in regard to their effects on specific aspects of fear extinction namely, acquisition, consolidation and retrieval, including long-term protection from return of fear (relapse) phenomena like spontaneous recovery, reinstatement and renewal of fear. We also highlight the promising translational value of the preclinial research and the clinical potential of targeting certain neurochemical systems with, for example d-cycloserine, yohimbine, cortisol, and L-DOPA. The current body of research reveals important new insights into the neurobiology and neurochemistry of fear extinction and holds significant promise for pharmacologically-augmented psychotherapy as an improved approach to treat trauma and anxiety-related disorders in a more efficient and persistent way promoting enhanced symptom remission and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - C Schmuckermair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Whittle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Raber J, Duvoisin RM. Novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 and glutamate receptor 8 therapeutics for the treatment of anxiety. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 24:519-28. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.986264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- 1Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Portland, OR, USA ;
| | - Robert M Duvoisin
- 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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26
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Hommers LG, Domschke K, Deckert J. Heterogeneity and individuality: microRNAs in mental disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:79-97. [PMID: 25395183 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are about 22 nucleotide long single-stranded RNA molecules, negatively regulating gene expression of a single gene or a gene network. In neural tissues, they have been implicated in developmental and neuroplasticity-related processes, such as neurogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis and long-term potentiation. Their molecular mode of action is reminiscent of findings of genome-wide association studies in mental disorders, unable to attribute the risk of disease to a specific gene, but rather to multiple genes, gene-networks and gene-environment interaction. As such, microRNAs are an attractive target for research. Here, we review clinical studies conducted in humans on microRNAs in mental disorders with a particular focus on schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. The majority of clinical studies have focused on schizophrenia. The most robust finding has been reported for rs1625579 located in MIR137HG, which was associated with schizophrenia on a genome-wide level. Concerning bipolar disorder, major depression and anxiety disorders, promising results have been published, but only a considerably smaller number of clinical studies is available and genome-wide association studies did not suggest a direct link to microRNAs so far. Expression of microRNAs as biomarkers of mental disorders and treatment response is currently emerging with preliminary results. Larger-scaled genetic and functional studies along with translational research are needed to enhance our understanding of microRNAs in mental disorders. These studies will aid in disentangling the complex genetic nature of these disorders and possibly contribute to the development of novel, individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif G Hommers
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany,
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27
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Kalinichev M, Le Poul E, Boléa C, Girard F, Campo B, Fonsi M, Royer-Urios I, Browne SE, Uslaner JM, Davis MJ, Raber J, Duvoisin R, Bate ST, Reynolds IJ, Poli S, Celanire S. Characterization of the novel positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 ADX88178 in rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:495-505. [PMID: 24947466 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) leads to anxiolytic- and antipsychotic-like efficacy in rodent models, yet its relevance to depression-like reactivity remains unclear. Here, we present the pharmacological evaluation of ADX88178 [5-methyl-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thiazol-2-amine], a novel potent, selective, and brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu4 receptor in rodent models of anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), fear, depression, and psychosis. ADX88178 dose-dependently reduced the number of buried marbles in the marble burying test and increased open-arm exploration in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, indicative of anxiolytic-like efficacy. Target specificity of the effect in the EPM test was confirmed using male and female mGlu4 receptor knockout mice. In mice, ADX88178 reduced the likelihood of conditioned freezing in the acquisition phase of the fear conditioning test, yet had no carryover effect in the expression phase. Also, ADX88178 dose-dependently reduced duration of immobility in the forced swim test, indicative of antidepressant-like efficacy. ADX88178 reduced DOI (2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine)-mediated head twitches (albeit with no dose-dependency), and MK-801 [(5S,10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine]-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice, but was inactive in the conditioned avoidance response test in rats. The compound showed good specificity as it had no effect on locomotor activity in mice and rats at efficacious doses. Thus, allosteric activation of mGlu4 receptors can be a promising new therapeutic approach for treatment of anxiety, OCD, fear-related disorders, and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kalinichev
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Le Poul
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Christelle Boléa
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Françoise Girard
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Brice Campo
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Massimiliano Fonsi
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Isabelle Royer-Urios
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Susan E Browne
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Jason M Uslaner
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Jacob Raber
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Robert Duvoisin
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Simon T Bate
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Ian J Reynolds
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Sonia Poli
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
| | - Sylvain Celanire
- Addex Therapeutics, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland (M.K., E.L.P., C.B., F.G., B.C., M.F., I.R.-U., S.P., S.C.); Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (S.E.B., J.M.U., M.J.D., I.J.R.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.J.D., J.R., R.D.); and Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon, United Kingdom (S.T.B.)
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miR-1202 is a primate-specific and brain-enriched microRNA involved in major depression and antidepressant treatment. Nat Med 2014; 20:764-8. [PMID: 24908571 PMCID: PMC4087015 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mood disorder that is associated with differential prefrontal brain expression patterns. Treatment of MDD includes a variety of biopsychosocial approaches. In medical practice, antidepressant drugs are the most common treatment for depressive episodes, and they are among the most prescribed medications in North America. Although antidepressants are clearly effective, particularly for moderate to severe depressive episodes, there is variability in how individuals respond to antidepressant treatment. Failure to respond has individual, economic and social consequences for patients and their families. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that genes are regulated through the activity of microRNAs (miRNAs), which act as fine-tuners and on-off switches of gene expression. Here we report on complementary studies using postmortem human brain samples, cellular assays and samples from clinical trials of patients with depression and show that miR-1202, a miRNA specific to primates and enriched in the human brain, is differentially expressed in individuals with depression. Additionally, miR-1202 regulates expression of the gene encoding metabotropic glutamate receptor-4 (GRM4) and predicts antidepressant response at baseline. These results suggest that miR-1202 is associated with the pathophysiology of depression and is a potential target for new antidepressant treatments.
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29
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Cajina M, Nattini M, Song D, Smagin G, Jørgensen EB, Chandrasena G, Bundgaard C, Toft DB, Huang X, Acher F, Doller D. Qualification of LSP1-2111 as a Brain Penetrant Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Orthosteric Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:119-23. [PMID: 24900783 DOI: 10.1021/ml400338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LSP1-2111 is a group III metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist with preference toward the mGlu4 receptor subtype. This compound has been extensively used as a tool to explore the pharmacology of mGlu4 receptor activation in preclinical animal behavioral models. However, the blood-brain barrier penetration of this amino acid derivative has never been studied. We report studies on the central nervous system (CNS) disposition of LSP1-2111 using quantitative microdialysis in rat. Significant unbound concentrations of the drug relative to its in vitro binding affinity and functional potency were established in extracellular fluid (ECF). These findings support the use of LSP1-2111 to study the CNS pharmacology of mGlu4 receptor activation through orthosteric agonist mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cajina
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Megan Nattini
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Dekun Song
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Gennady Smagin
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | | | - Gamini Chandrasena
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | | | | | - Xinyan Huang
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Francine Acher
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601
CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Dario Doller
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
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Tulpule K, Dringen R. Formaldehyde in brain: an overlooked player in neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2013; 127:7-21. [PMID: 23800365 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is an environmental pollutant that is also generated in substantial amounts in the human body during normal metabolism. This aldehyde is a well-established neurotoxin that affects memory, learning, and behavior. In addition, in several pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, an increase in the expression of formaldehyde-generating enzymes and elevated levels of formaldehyde in brain have been reported. This article gives an overview on the current knowledge on the generation and metabolism of formaldehyde in brain cells as well as on formaldehyde-induced alterations in metabolic processes. Brain cells have the potential to generate and to dispose formaldehyde. In culture, both astrocytes and neurons efficiently oxidize formaldehyde to formate which can be exported or further oxidized. Although moderate concentrations of formaldehyde are not acutely toxic for brain cells, exposure to formaldehyde severely affects their metabolism as demonstrated by the formaldehyde-induced acceleration of glycolytic flux and by the rapid multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated export of glutathione from both astrocytes and neurons. These formaldehyde-induced alterations in the metabolism of brain cells may contribute to the impaired cognitive performance observed after formaldehyde exposure and to the neurodegeneration in diseases that are associated with increased formaldehyde levels in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Tulpule
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune, India
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