1
|
Buzzi B, AlSharari SD, Walentiny DM, Damaj MI. Nelotanserin, a selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, attenuates aspects of nicotine withdrawal but not reward in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 467:115019. [PMID: 38677331 PMCID: PMC11250952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine smoking contributes to many preventable disabilities, diseases and deaths. Targeting nicotine reward and withdrawal is a basis for the majority of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. Due to the emergence of interest in 5-HT2A receptor modulators for numerous psychiatric disorders, we investigated the effect of nelotanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, on nicotine reward and withdrawal in ICR mice. In nicotine-dependent mice, nelotanserin dose-dependently reduced somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal and thermal hyperalgesia as measured in the hot plate test. However, nelotanserin had no effect on anxiety-like behavior and failed to reduce nicotine reward as measured in the conditioned place preference test. Our results suggest that inverse agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor may be a feasible novel mechanism for smoking cessation by reducing both physical withdrawal and thermal hyperalgesia associated with nicotine abstinence but may require complementary pharmacotherapies targeting affective and reward-associated decrements to improve cessation outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belle Buzzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - David M Walentiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6646. [PMID: 38503831 PMCID: PMC10951409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Murdaugh
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Irene Chen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christine L Faunce
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Luis A Natividad
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3892315. [PMID: 38352503 PMCID: PMC10862982 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3892315/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hastings LE, Frye EV, Carlson ER, Chuong V, Matthews AN, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF, Marchette RCN. Cold nociception as a measure of hyperalgesia during spontaneous heroin withdrawal in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 235:173694. [PMID: 38128767 PMCID: PMC10842911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are powerful analgesic drugs that are used clinically to treat pain. However, chronic opioid use causes compensatory neuroadaptations that result in greater pain sensitivity during withdrawal, known as opioid withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia (OWIH). Cold nociception tests are commonly used in humans, but preclinical studies often use mechanical and heat stimuli to measure OWIH. Thus, further characterization of cold nociception stimuli is needed in preclinical models. We assessed three cold nociception tests-thermal gradient ring (5-30 °C, 5-50 °C, 15-40 °C, and 25-50 °C), dynamic cold plate (4 °C to -1 °C at -1 °C/min, -1 °C to 4 °C at +1 °C/min), and stable cold plate (10 °C, 6 °C, and 2 °C)-to measure hyperalgesia in a mouse protocol of heroin dependence. On the thermal gradient ring, mice in the heroin withdrawal group preferred warmer temperatures, and the results depended on the ring's temperature range. On the dynamic cold plate, heroin withdrawal increased the number of nociceptive responses, with a temperature ramp from 4 °C to -1 °C yielding the largest response. On the stable cold plate, heroin withdrawal increased the number of nociceptive responses, and a plate temperature of 2 °C yielded the most significant increase in responses. Among the three tests, the stable cold plate elicited the most robust change in behavior between heroin-dependent and nondependent mice and had the highest throughput. To pharmacologically characterize the stable cold plate test, we used μ-opioid and non-opioid receptor-targeting drugs that have been previously shown to reverse OWIH in mechanical and heat nociception assays. The full μ-opioid receptor agonist methadone and μ-opioid receptor partial agonist buprenorphine decreased OWIH, whereas the preferential μ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone increased OWIH. Two N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists (ketamine, MK-801), a corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor antagonist (R121919), a β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist (butoxamine), an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist (lofexidine), and a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron) had no effect on OWIH. These data demonstrate that the stable cold plate at 2 °C yields a robust, reliable, and concise measure of OWIH that is sensitive to opioid agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay E Hastings
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma V Frye
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erika R Carlson
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vicky Chuong
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA; Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Intitute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aniah N Matthews
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renata C N Marchette
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gozen O, Aypar B, Ozturk Bintepe M, Tuzcu F, Balkan B, Koylu EO, Kanit L, Keser A. Chronic Nicotine Consumption and Withdrawal Regulate Melanocortin Receptor, CRF, and CRF Receptor mRNA Levels in the Rat Brain. Brain Sci 2024; 14:63. [PMID: 38248278 PMCID: PMC10813117 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the various neuropeptide systems in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry have been implicated in negative effects associated with drug withdrawal. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone are two peptides that may be involved. This study investigated the regulatory effects of chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal on the mRNA levels of melanocortin receptors (MC3R, MC4R), CRF, and CRF receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2) expressed in the mesocorticolimbic system. Rats were given drinking water with nicotine or without nicotine (control group) for 12 weeks, after which they continued receiving nicotine (chronic exposure) or were withdrawn from nicotine for 24 or 48 h. The animals were decapitated following behavioral testing for withdrawal signs. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that nicotine exposure (with or without withdrawal) increased levels of CRF and CRFR1 mRNA in the amygdala, CRF mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex, and CRFR1 mRNA in the septum. Nicotine withdrawal also enhanced MC3R and MC4R mRNA levels in different brain regions, while chronic nicotine exposure was associated with increased MC4R mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal regulate CRF and melanocortin signaling in the mesocorticolimbic system, possibly contributing to negative affective state and nicotine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Gozen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
- Center for Brain Research, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Buket Aypar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
| | - Meliha Ozturk Bintepe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
| | - Fulya Tuzcu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
| | - Burcu Balkan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
- Center for Brain Research, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ersin O. Koylu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
- Center for Brain Research, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Kanit
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
- Center for Brain Research, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Keser
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (O.G.)
- Center for Brain Research, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bertagna NB, Wilson L, Bailey CK, Cruz FC, Albrechet-Souza L, Wills TA. Long-lasting mechanical hypersensitivity and CRF receptor type-1 neuron activation in the BNST following adolescent ethanol exposure. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:48-57. [PMID: 38206283 PMCID: PMC10784637 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent alcohol use can produce long-lasting alterations in brain function, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic alcohol use can increase pain sensitivity or exacerbate existing pain conditions, but the potential neural mechanisms underlying these effects require further investigation. Here, we evaluate the impact of chronic ethanol vapor on mechanical sensitivity over the course of acute and protracted withdrawal in adolescent and adult male and female mice, and its potential association with alterations in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). METHODS Adolescent and adult male and female mice underwent intermittent ethanol vapor exposure on 4 days/week for 2 weeks. Mechanical thresholds were evaluated 5 h and 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after cessation of ethanol exposure using the von Frey test. For mice with a history of adolescent ethanol exposure, brains were collected for in situ RNAscope processing after the final test. Messenger RNA expression of c-Fos, Crfr1, and Crf in the BNST subregions was examined. RESULTS Exposure to intermittent ethanol vapor induced persistent mechanical hypersensitivity during withdrawal in both adolescent and adult mice. Notably, the effect was more transient in mice exposed to ethanol during adulthood, resolving by day 28 after ethanol exposure. Furthermore, both male and female mice with a history of adolescent ethanol exposure exhibited increased activation of CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1) neurons within the dorsolateral BNST. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the conclusion that intermittent ethanol exposure can induce mechanical hypersensitivity, potentially through the activation of BNST CRFR1 neurons. These findings provide a basis for future studies aimed at evaluating specific subpopulations of BNST neurons and their contribution to pain in individuals with a history of alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B. Bertagna
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lisa Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Connor K. Bailey
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fabio C. Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Albrechet-Souza
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Wills
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gomez M, Jeudy J, Petit A, Brunet J, Saint-Cast Y, Rabarin F, Cesari B, Raimbeau G, Bigorre N. Acute pain after digital crushing and nicotine intoxication. Cigarettes are always a false friend. A prospective study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2023; 109:103425. [PMID: 36183973 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine addiction is a public health problem. Our hypothesis was that the degree of nicotine dependence is positively correlated with the perceived intensity of acute pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center prospective comparative observational study was conducted from 2019 to 2021. Patients included presented distal phalanx extra-articular trauma of less than 24hours' progression. We compared a group of smokers with a group of non-smokers. A Digital Pain Scale (DPS) was assessed at time of trauma, at first consultation, and once a day until the fifth day post-trauma. A Fagerström test was performed. The primary endpoints were the correlation between dependence and DPS and the correlation between the amount of tobacco consumed and DPS. The secondary endpoints were analgesic consumption according to Fagerström, DPS and tobacco consumption. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were included: 26 smokers, 41 non-smokers. No significant correlation was found between dependence level or amount of tobacco used and DPS. Consumption of level II analgesics was significantly 2-fold higher in the smoking group on the second, third and fifth day: respectively, 2.15 tablets versus 1.22 (p=0.02), 1.27 versus 0.49 (p=0.01), and 0.69 versus 0.20 (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Patients who smoke are exposed to more frequent and more intense pain and consume more palliative painkillers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IIB; exposed vs. non-exposed cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathurin Gomez
- Département de chirurgie osseuse, centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49000 Angers, France.
| | - Jérôme Jeudy
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Alexandre Petit
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Jérôme Brunet
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Yann Saint-Cast
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Fabrice Rabarin
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Bruno Cesari
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Guy Raimbeau
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Nicolas Bigorre
- Centre de la main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borgonetti V, Roberts AJ, Bajo M, Galeotti N, Roberto M. Chronic alcohol induced mechanical allodynia by promoting neuroinflammation: A mouse model of alcohol-evoked neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2377-2392. [PMID: 37050867 PMCID: PMC10898491 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic pain is considered a key factor contributing to alcohol use disorder (AUD). The mechanisms responsible for chronic pain associated with chronic alcohol consumption are unknown. We evaluated the development of chronic pain in a mouse model of alcohol dependence and investigate the role of neuroinflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The chronic-intermittent ethanol two-bottle choice CIE-2BC paradigm generates three groups: alcohol-dependent with escalating alcohol intake, nondependent (moderate drinking) and alcohol-naïve control male and female mice. We measured mechanical allodynia during withdrawal and after the last voluntary drinking. Immunoblotting was used to evaluate the protein levels of IBA-1, CSFR, IL-6, p38 and ERK2/1 in spinal cord tissue of dependent and non-dependent animals. KEY RESULTS We found significant escalation of drinking in the dependent group in male and female compared with the non-dependent group. The dependent group developed mechanical allodynia during 72 h of withdrawal, which was completely reversed after voluntary drinking. We observed an increased pain hypersensitivity compared with the naïve in 50% of non-dependent group. Increased IBA-1 and CSFR expression was observed in spinal cord tissue of both hypersensitivity-abstinence related and neuropathy-alcohol mice, and increased IL-6 expression and ERK1/2 activation in mice with hypersensitivity-related to abstinence, but not in mice with alcohol-evoked neuropathic pain. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The CIE-2BC model induces two distinct pain conditions specific to the type of ethanol exposure: abstinence-related hypersensitivity in dependent mice and alcohol-evoked neuropathic pain in about a half of the non-dependent mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, 50139, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amanda J. Roberts
- Animal Models Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carrette LLG, Kimbrough A, Davoudian PA, Kwan AC, Collazo A, George O. Hyperconnectivity of Two Separate Long-Range Cholinergic Systems Contributes to the Reorganization of the Brain Functional Connectivity during Nicotine Withdrawal in Male Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0019-23.2023. [PMID: 37295945 PMCID: PMC10306126 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0019-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic nicotine results in dependence with withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation of use, through desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and altered cholinergic neurotransmission. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with increased whole-brain functional connectivity and decreased network modularity; however, the role of cholinergic neurons in those changes is unknown. To identify the contribution of nicotinic receptors and cholinergic regions to changes in the functional network, we analyzed the contribution of the main cholinergic regions to brain-wide activation of the immediate early-gene Fos during withdrawal in male mice and correlated these changes with the expression of nicotinic receptor mRNA throughout the brain. We show that the main functional connectivity modules included the main long-range cholinergic regions, which were highly synchronized with the rest of the brain. However, despite this hyperconnectivity, they were organized into two anticorrelated networks that were separated into basal forebrain-projecting and brainstem-thalamic-projecting cholinergic regions, validating a long-standing hypothesis of the organization of the brain cholinergic systems. Moreover, baseline (without nicotine) expression of Chrna2, Chrna3, Chrna10, and Chrnd mRNA of each brain region correlated with withdrawal-induced changes in Fos expression. Finally, by mining the Allen Brain mRNA expression database, we were able to identify 1755 gene candidates and three pathways (Sox2-Oct4-Nanog, JAK-STAT, and MeCP2-GABA) that may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced Fos expression. These results identify the dual contribution of the basal forebrain and brainstem-thalamic cholinergic systems to whole-brain functional connectivity during withdrawal; and identify nicotinic receptors and novel cellular pathways that may be critical for the transition to nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, California 92093
| | - Pasha A Davoudian
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Andres Collazo
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, California 92093
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carrette LL, Kimbrough A, Davoudian PA, Kwan AC, Collazo A, George O. Hyperconnectivity of two separate long-range cholinergic systems contributes to the reorganization of the brain functional connectivity during nicotine withdrawal in male mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534836. [PMID: 37034602 PMCID: PMC10081261 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic nicotine results in dependence with withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation of use, through desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and altered cholinergic neurotransmission. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with increased whole-brain functional connectivity and decreased network modularity, however, the role of cholinergic neurons in those changes is unknown. To identify the contribution of nicotinic receptors and cholinergic regions to changes in the functional network, we analyzed the contribution of the main cholinergic regions to brain-wide activation of the immediate early-gene FOS during withdrawal in male mice and correlated these changes with the expression of nicotinic receptor mRNA throughout the brain. We show that the main functional connectivity modules included the main long-range cholinergic regions, which were highly synchronized with the rest of the brain. However, despite this hyperconnectivity they were organized into two anticorrelated networks that were separated into basal forebrain projecting and brainstem-thalamic projecting cholinergic regions, validating a long-standing hypothesis of the organization of the brain cholinergic systems. Moreover, baseline (without nicotine) expression of Chrna2 , Chrna3 , Chrna10 , and Chrnd mRNA of each brain region correlated with withdrawal-induced changes in FOS expression. Finally, by mining the Allen Brain mRNA expression database, we were able to identify 1755 gene candidates and three pathways (Sox2-Oct4-Nanog, JAK-STAT, and MeCP2-GABA) that may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced FOS expression. These results identify the dual contribution of the basal forebrain and brainstem-thalamic cholinergic systems to whole-brain functional connectivity during withdrawal; and identify nicotinic receptors and novel cellular pathways that may be critical for the transition to nicotine dependence. Significance Statement Discontinuation of nicotine use in dependent users is associated with increased whole-brain activation and functional connectivity and leads to withdrawal symptoms. Here we investigated the contribution of the nicotinic cholinergic receptors and main cholinergic projecting brain areas in the whole-brain changes associated with withdrawal. This not only allowed us to visualize and confirm the previously described duality of the cholinergic brain system using this novel methodology, but also identify nicotinic receptors together with 1751 other genes that contribute, and could thus be targets for treatments against, nicotine withdrawal and dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92032, United States
| | - Pasha A. Davoudian
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Alex C. Kwan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Andres Collazo
- Beckman Institute, CalTech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92032, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Randall CA, Sun D, Randall PA. Differential Effects of Nicotine, Alcohol, and Coexposure on Neuroimmune-Related Protein and Gene Expression in Corticolimbic Brain Regions of Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:628-644. [PMID: 36705334 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol co-use is extremely common and their use constitutes two of the most common causes of preventable death, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are largely understudied. Activation of neuroimmune toll-like receptors (TLRs) promotes the induction of proinflammatory cascades and increases alcohol intake in rodents, which further promotes TLRs in the brain; nicotine may decrease central proinflammatory signaling. The current studies sought to determine the effects of nicotine ± alcohol (alone or in combination) on circulating blood plasma and TLR protein/gene expression in addiction-associated corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex-prelimbic (mPFC-PL) and nucleus accumbens core (AcbC). Adult rats were treated with alcohol (0 or 2 g/kg, IG) and exposed to nicotine vapor (0 or 30 mg/mL solution) daily for 2, 14, or 28 days. Plasma studies indicated no effects of independent exposure or coexposure in males. Coexposure decreased plasma nicotine levels versus nicotine-only treated females, yet alcohol and cotinine concentrations were unchanged. By 28 days, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 was decreased in alcohol-only females. Divergent changes in TLR3 (but not TLR4) protein occurred for independent-drug exposed males (but not coexposure), with reductions in the mPFC-PL after 14 days and increases in the AcbC by 28 days. Gene expression following chronic coexposure suggests nicotine may regionally counteract alcohol-induced inflammation, including increased AcbC-TLR3/4/7 and several downstream markers in females and increased mPFC-PL-TLR3 and -STAT3 (but not IRF3) evident in males with exposure to either drug alone. These findings give further insight into the role of sex and the neuroimmune system in independent exposure and coexposure to nicotine ± alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Randall
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 United States
| | - Patrick A Randall
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Iida H, Yamaguchi S, Goyagi T, Sugiyama Y, Taniguchi C, Matsubara T, Yamada N, Yonekura H, Iida M. Consensus statement on smoking cessation in patients with pain. J Anesth 2022; 36:671-687. [PMID: 36069935 PMCID: PMC9666296 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-022-03097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is closely associated with the development of various cancers and tobacco-related illnesses such as cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. However, data are scarce on the relationship between smoking and both acute and chronic pain. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 different compounds. Although nicotine is not the sole cause of smoking-induced diseases, it plays a critical role in pain-related pathophysiology. Despite the acute analgesic effects of nicotine, long-term exposure leads to tolerance and increased pain sensitivity due to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization and neuronal plastic changes. The purpose of smoking cessation interventions in smoking patients with pain is primarily not only to reduce their pain and associated limitations in activities of daily living, but also to improve the outcomes of underlying pain-causing conditions and reduce the risks of tobacco-related disorders. This statement aims to summarize the available evidence on the impact of smoking on pain and to inform medical professionals of the significance of smoking cessation in patients with pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iida
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. .,Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomachi, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toru Goyagi
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoko Sugiyama
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Woman Doctor Active Support in Perioperative Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomachi, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Chie Taniguchi
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,College of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takako Matsubara
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe , Japan
| | - Naoto Yamada
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yonekura
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Iida
- Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gilpin NW, Yu W, Kash TL. Forebrain-Midbrain Circuits and Peptides Involved in Hyperalgesia After Chronic Alcohol Exposure. Alcohol Res 2021; 41:13. [PMID: 34729286 PMCID: PMC8549866 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v41.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with pain report drinking alcohol to relieve pain. Acute alcohol use reduces pain, and chronic alcohol use facilitates the emergence or exaggeration of pain. Recently, funding agencies and neuroscientists involved in basic research have turned their attention to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie pain-alcohol interactions, with a focus on circuit and molecular mediators of alcohol-induced changes in pain-related behavior. This review briefly discusses some examples of work being done in this area, with a focus on reciprocal projections between the midbrain and extended amygdala, as well as some neurochemical mediators of pain-related phenotypes after alcohol exposure. Finally, as more work accumulates on this topic, the authors highlight the need for the neuroscience field to carefully consider sex and age in the design and analysis of pain-alcohol interaction experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development and Clinical Science Research and Development Intramural Program, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Waylin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas L Kash
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Davis SM, Zuke JT, Berchulski MR, Burman MA. Amygdalar Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling Is Required for Later-Life Behavioral Dysfunction Following Neonatal Pain. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660792. [PMID: 34045975 PMCID: PMC8144524 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal pain such as that experienced by infants in the neonatal intensive care unit is known to produce later-life dysfunction including heightened pain sensitivity and anxiety, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Both chronic pain and stress in adult organisms are known to influence the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala, making this system a likely candidate for changes following neonatal trauma. To examine this, neonatal rats were subjected to daily pain, non-painful handling or left undisturbed for the first week of life. Beginning on postnatal day, 24 male and female rats were subjected to a 4-day fear conditioning and sensory testing protocol. Some subjects received intra-amygdalar administration of either Vehicle, the CRF receptor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist Antalarmin, or the CRF receptor 2 (CRF2) receptor antagonist Astressin 2B prior to fear conditioning and somatosensory testing, while others had tissue collected following fear conditioning and CRF expression in the CeA and BLA was assessed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. CRF1 antagonism attenuated fear-induced hypersensitivity in neonatal pain and handled rats, while CRF2 antagonism produced a general antinociception. In addition, neonatal pain and handling produced a lateralized sex-dependent decrease in CRF expression, with males showing a diminished number of CRF-expressing cells in the right CeA and females showing a similar reduction in the number of CRF-expressing cells in the left BLA compared to undisturbed controls. These data show that the amygdalar CRF system is a likely target for alleviating dysfunction produced by early life trauma and that this system continues to play a major role in the lasting effects of such trauma into the juvenile stage of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Jared T Zuke
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Mariah R Berchulski
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Michael A Burman
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu H, Li H, Liu D, Wen W, Xu M, Frank JA, Chen J, Zhu H, Grahame NJ, Luo J. Chronic Voluntary Alcohol Drinking Causes Anxiety-like Behavior, Thiamine Deficiency, and Brain Damage of Female Crossed High Alcohol Preferring Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:614396. [PMID: 33767622 PMCID: PMC7985542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.614396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is vulnerable to chronic alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence is a chronically relapsing disorder which causes a variety of physical and mental disorders. Appropriate animal models are important for investigating the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The crossed High Alcohol Preferring mice prefer alcohol to water when given free access. In the present study, we used female cHAP mice as a model of chronic voluntary drinking to evaluate the effects of alcohol on neurobehavioral and neuropathological changes. The female cHAP mice had free-choice access to 10% ethanol and water, while control mice had access to water alone at the age of 60-day-old. The mice were exposed to alcohol for 7 months then subjected to neurobehavioral tests including open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and Morris water maze (MWM). Results from OF and EPM tests suggested that chronic voluntary drinking caused anxiety-like behaviors. After behavior tests, mice were sacrificed, and brain tissues were processed for biochemical analyses. Alcohol altered the levels of several neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in the brain including gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), corticotropin-releasing factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Alcohol increased the expression of neuroinflammation markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). Alcohol also induced cleaved caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, indicative of neurodegeneration and gliosis. In addition, alcohol inhibited the expression of thiamine transporters in the brain and reduced thiamine levels in the blood. Alcohol also caused oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and stimulated neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nicholas J Grahame
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Drug addiction co-morbidity with alcohol: Neurobiological insights. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 157:409-472. [PMID: 33648675 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic disorder that consists of a three-stage cycle of binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These stages involve, respectively, neuroadaptations in brain circuits involved in incentive salience and habit formation, stress surfeit and reward deficit, and executive function. Much research on addiction focuses on the neurobiology underlying single drug use. However, alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be co-morbid with substance use disorder (SUD), called dual dependence. The limited epidemiological data on dual dependence indicates that there is a large population of individuals suffering from addiction who are dependent on more than one drug and/or alcohol, yet dual dependence remains understudied in addiction research. Here, we review neurobiological data on neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that are known to contribute to addiction pathology and how the involvement of these systems is consistent or divergent across drug classes. In particular, we highlight the dopamine, opioid, corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, hypocretin/orexin, glucocorticoid, neuroimmune signaling, endocannabinoid, glutamate, and GABA systems. We also discuss the limited research on these systems in dual dependence. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the use of multiple drugs can produce neuroadaptations that are distinct from single drug use. Further investigation into the neurobiology of dual dependence is necessary to develop effective treatments for addiction to multiple drugs.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking, loss of control in limiting intake, and the emergence of a withdrawal syndrome in the absence of the drug. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for synaptic transmission in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in mediating alcohol-related behaviors and neuroadaptive mechanisms associated with alcohol dependence. Acute alcohol facilitates γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission in the CeA via both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms, and chronic alcohol increases baseline GABAergic transmission. Acute alcohol inhibits glutamatergic transmission via effects at N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the CeA, whereas chronic alcohol up-regulates NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated transmission. Pro- (e.g., corticotropin-releasing factor [CRF]) and antistress (e.g., nociceptin/orphanin FQ, oxytocin) neuropeptides affect alcohol- and anxiety-related behaviors, and also alter the alcohol-induced effects on CeA neurotransmission. Alcohol dependence produces plasticity in these neuropeptide systems, reflecting a recruitment of those systems during the transition to alcohol dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Roberto
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Dean Kirson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sophia Khom
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quadir SG, Tanino SM, Rohl CD, Sahn JJ, Yao EJ, Cruz LDR, Cottone P, Martin SF, Sabino V. The Sigma-2 receptor / transmembrane protein 97 (σ2R/TMEM97) modulator JVW-1034 reduces heavy alcohol drinking and associated pain states in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108409. [PMID: 33221481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive alcohol intake, loss of control over alcohol intake, and a negative emotional state when access to alcohol is prevented. AUD is also closely tied to pain, as repeated alcohol drinking leads to increased pain sensitivity during withdrawal. The sigma-2 receptor, recently identified as transmembrane protein 97 (σ2R/TMEM97), is an integral membrane protein involved in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Selective σ2R/Tmem97 modulators have been recently shown to relieve mechanical hypersensitivity in animal models of neuropathic pain as well as to attenuate alcohol withdrawal signs in C. elegans and to reduce alcohol drinking in rats, suggesting a potential key role for this protein in alcohol-related behaviors. In this study, we tested the effects of a potent and selective σ2R/TMEM97 ligand, JVW-1034, on heavy alcohol drinking and alcohol-induced heightened pain states in mice using an intermittent access model. Administration of JVW-1034 decreased both ethanol intake and preference for ethanol, without affecting water intake, total fluid intake, or food intake. Notably, this effect was specific for alcohol, as JVW-1034 had no effect on sucrose intake. Furthermore, JVW-1034 reduced both thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity in ethanol withdrawn mice. Our data provide important evidence that modulation of σ2R/TMEM97 with small molecules can mediate heavy alcohol drinking as well as chronic alcohol-induced heightened pain sensitivity, thereby identifying a promising novel pharmacological target for AUD and associated pain states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema G Quadir
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean M Tanino
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian D Rohl
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Sahn
- Department of Chemistry and Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Emily J Yao
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luíza Dos Reis Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pietro Cottone
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Valentina Sabino
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nicotine induces P2X4 receptor, interleukin-1 beta, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in BV2 microglia cells. Neuroreport 2020; 31:1249-1255. [PMID: 33165201 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Upregulation of P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in activated microglia is associated with hyperalgesia. This study investigated whether nicotine increases pain hypersensitivity by altering the expression of these molecules in microglia. We also examined the role of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) in this process. METHODS Experiments were performed in BV2 microglial cells. IRF8 was knocked down or overexpressed using lentiviruses harboring a short hairpin RNA targeting IRF8 or an IRF8 overexpression construct, respectively. P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1β mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively, and BDNF and IL-1β secretion was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Chronic nicotine exposure enhanced the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1β in BV2 cells, and stimulated the release of BDNF and IL-1β in the presence of ATP. IRF8 was found to mediate the nicotine-induced increases in BDNF and IL-1β mRNA and P2X4R protein levels in BV2 cells. CONCLUSION Nicotine may increase pain hypersensitivity by promoting the expression of P2X4R, BDNF, and IL-1β through modulation of IRF8 levels in microglial cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rieb LM, DeBeck K, Hayashi K, Wood E, Nosova E, Milloy MJ. Withdrawal-associated injury site pain prevalence and correlates among opioid-using people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108242. [PMID: 32861135 PMCID: PMC7850369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain can return temporarily to old injury sites during opioid withdrawal. The prevalence and impact of opioid withdrawal-associated injury site pain (WISP) in various groups is unknown. METHODS Using data from observational cohorts, we estimated the prevalence and correlates of WISP among opioid-using people who inject drugs (PWID). Between June and December 2015, data on WISP and opioid use behaviours were elicited from participants in three ongoing prospective cohort studies in Vancouver, Canada, who were aged 18 years and older and who self-reported at least daily injection of heroin or non-medical presciption opioids. RESULTS Among 631 individuals, 276 (43.7 %) had a healed injury (usually pain-free), among whom 112 (40.6 %) experienced WISP, representing 17.7 % of opioid-using PWID interviewed. In a multivariable logistic regression model, WISP was positively associated with having a high school diploma or above (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.23, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.31-3.84), any heroin use in the last six months (AOR = 2.00, 95 % CI: 1.14-3.57), feeling daily pain that required medication (AOR = 2.06, CI: 1.18-3.63), and negatively associated with older age at first drug use (AOR = 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.93-0.99). Among 112 individuals with WISP, 79 (70.5 %) said that having this pain affected their opioid use behaviour, of whom 57 (72.2 %) used more opioids, 19 (24.1 %) avoided opioid withdrawal, while 3 (3.8 %) no longer used opioids to avoid WISP. CONCLUSIONS WISP is prevalent among PWID with a previous injury, and may alter opioid use patterns. Improved care strategies for WISP are warrented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Launette Marie Rieb
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kora DeBeck
- School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, 515 West Hastings Street, Office 3269, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kanna Hayashi
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Room 11300, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evan Wood
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10thFloor, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Nosova
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M-J Milloy
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10thFloor, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cucinello-Ragland JA, Edwards S. Neurobiological aspects of pain in the context of alcohol use disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 157:1-29. [PMID: 33648668 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is an effective and widely utilized analgesic. However, the chronic use of alcohol can actually facilitate nociceptive sensitivity over time, a condition known as hyperalgesia. Excessive and uncontrollable alcohol drinking is also a hallmark feature of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Both AUD and chronic pain are typically accompanied by negative affective states that may underlie reinforcement mechanisms contributing to AUD maintenance or progression. Frequent utilization of alcohol to relieve pain in individuals suffering from AUD or other chronic pain conditions may thus represent a powerful negative reinforcement construct. This chapter will describe ties between alcohol-mediated pain relief and potential exacerbation of AUD. We describe neurobiological systems engaged in alcohol analgesia as well as systems recruited in the development and maintenance of AUD and hyperalgesia. Although few effective therapies exist for either chronic pain or AUD, the common interaction of these conditions will likely lead the way for promising new discoveries of more effective and even simultaneous treatment of AUD and co-morbid hyperalgesia. An abundance of neurobiological findings from multiple laboratories has implicated a potentiation of central amygdala (CeA) signaling in both pain and AUD, and these data also suggest that attenuation of stress-related systems (including corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin, and glucocorticoid receptor activity) would be particularly effective and comprehensive therapeutic strategies targeting the critical intersection of somatic and motivational mechanisms driving AUD, including alcohol-induced hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cucinello-Ragland
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smith LC, Kallupi M, Tieu L, Shankar K, Jaquish A, Barr J, Su Y, Velarde N, Sedighim S, Carrette LLG, Klodnicki M, Sun X, de Guglielmo G, George O. Validation of a nicotine vapor self-administration model in rats with relevance to electronic cigarette use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1909-1919. [PMID: 32544927 PMCID: PMC7608444 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The debate about electronic cigarettes is dividing healthcare professionals, policymakers, manufacturers, and communities. A key limitation in our understanding of the cause and consequences of vaping is the lack of animal models of nicotine vapor self-administration. Here, we developed a novel model of voluntary electronic cigarette use in rats using operant behavior. We found that rats voluntarily exposed themselves to nicotine vapor to the point of reaching blood nicotine levels that are similar to humans. The level of responding on the active (nicotine) lever was similar to the inactive (air) lever and lower than the active lever that was associated with vehicle (polypropylene glycol/glycerol) vapor, suggesting low positive reinforcing effects and low nicotine vapor discrimination. Lever pressing behavior with nicotine vapor was pharmacologically prevented by the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist and α7 receptor full agonist varenicline in rats that self-administered nicotine but not vehicle vapor. Moreover, 3 weeks of daily (1 h) nicotine vapor self-administration produced addiction-like behaviors, including somatic signs of withdrawal, allodynia, anxiety-like behavior, and relapse-like behavior after 3 weeks of abstinence. Finally, 3 weeks of daily (1 h) nicotine vapor self-administration produced cardiopulmonary abnormalities and changes in α4, α3, and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. These findings validate a novel animal model of nicotine vapor self-administration in rodents with relevance to electronic cigarette use in humans and highlight the potential addictive properties and harmful effects of chronic nicotine vapor self-administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Smith
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Lani Tieu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Kokila Shankar
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Abigail Jaquish
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jamie Barr
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yujuan Su
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nathan Velarde
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Lieselot L. G. Carrette
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Xin Sun
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Qi Y, Zhang Z. IRF8 is crucial for the nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia in mice. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:283-293. [PMID: 33335768 PMCID: PMC7712045 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. However, whether and how IRF8 can regulate the nicotine withdrawal (NTW)-induced hyperalgesia has not been clarified. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomized and injected subcutaneously with saline (Control) or nicotine (3 mg/kg) three times per day for 7 consecutive days, followed by injection with mecamylamine to induce NTW. Their paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) were measured, and the relative levels of IRF8 expression in the spinal cord tissues were determined longitudinally by western blot. The numbers of IRF8+ cells in the spinal cord tissues were examined. In addition, the NTW mice were randomized and infused intrathecally with vehicle saline (NS), control lentivirus or lentivirus for the expression of IRF8-specific shRNA for three days. Their PWLs, microglia activation, IRF8 and P2X4R and BDNF expression in the spinal cord tissues were determined. Results In comparison with the Control mice, the NTW significantly decreased the PWLs but increased the relative levels of IRF8 expression and the numbers of IRF8+ cells in the spinal cord tissues of mice. IRF8-silencing significantly mitigated the NTW-decreased PWLs and attenuated the NTW-enhanced microglia activation and P2X4R and BDNF expression in the spinal cord tissues of mice. Conclusions Spinal IRF8 is crucial for the NTW-induced hyperalgesia by enhancing microglia activation and spinal P2X4R and BDNF expression in mice. The IRF8/P2X4R/BDNF axis may be potential therapeutic targets for postoperative pain of smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 of Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 of Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 of Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 of Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Zongwang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 of Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Simpson S, Shankar K, Kimbrough A, George O. Role of corticotropin-releasing factor in alcohol and nicotine addiction. Brain Res 2020; 1740:146850. [PMID: 32330519 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The two most prevalent substance use disorders involve alcohol and nicotine, which are often co-abused. Robust preclinical and translational evidence indicates that individuals initiate drug use for the acute rewarding effects of the substance. The development of negative emotional states is key for the transition from recreational use to substance use disorders as subjects seek the substance to obtain relief from the negative emotional states of acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a major regulator of the brain stress system and key in the development of negative affective states. The present review examines the role of CRF in preclinical models of alcohol and nicotine abuse and explores links between CRF and anxiety-like, dysphoria-like, and other negative affective states. Finally, the present review discusses preclinical models of nicotine and alcohol use with regard to the CRF system, advances in molecular and genetic manipulations of CRF, and the importance of examining both males and females in this field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Kokila Shankar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Neugebauer V, Mazzitelli M, Cragg B, Ji G, Navratilova E, Porreca F. Amygdala, neuropeptides, and chronic pain-related affective behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108052. [PMID: 32188569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides play important modulatory roles throughout the nervous system, functioning as direct effectors or as interacting partners with other neuropeptide and neurotransmitter systems. Limbic brain areas involved in learning, memory and emotions are particularly rich in neuropeptides. This review will focus on the amygdala, a limbic region that plays a key role in emotional-affective behaviors and pain modulation. The amygdala is comprised of different nuclei; the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) nuclei and in between, the intercalated cells (ITC), have been linked to pain-related functions. A wide range of neuropeptides are found in the amygdala, particularly in the CeA, but this review will discuss those neuropeptides that have been explored for their role in pain modulation. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key peptide in the afferent nociceptive pathway from the parabrachial area and mediates excitatory drive of CeA neurons. CeA neurons containing corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and/or somatostatin (SOM) are a source of long-range projections and serve major output functions, but CRF also acts locally to excite neurons in the CeA and BLA. Neuropeptide S (NPS) is associated with inhibitory ITC neurons that gate amygdala output. Oxytocin and vasopressin exert opposite (inhibitory and excitatory, respectively) effects on amygdala output. The opioid system of mu, delta and kappa receptors (MOR, DOR, KOR) and their peptide ligands (β-endorphin, enkephalin, dynorphin) have complex and partially opposing effects on amygdala function. Neuropeptides therefore serve as valuable targets to regulate amygdala function in pain conditions. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Mariacristina Mazzitelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Bryce Cragg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Montanari C, Kelley LK, Kerr TM, Cole M, Gilpin NW. Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation effects on nicotine & cotinine plasma levels and somatic withdrawal signs in adult male Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:613-625. [PMID: 31760460 PMCID: PMC7039759 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Non-contingent chronic nicotine exposure procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years, culminating in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) to deliver vaporized drugs to rodents in standard housing chambers. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current work was to use ENDS to test concentration-dependent effects of nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation on blood-nicotine concentrations, blood-cotinine concentrations, and somatic withdrawal signs over time in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to vapor containing various concentrations of nicotine (20, 40, 80 mg/mL) for 11 days through ENDS, and blood concentrations of nicotine and cotinine, the major proximate metabolite of nicotine, as well as spontaneous and precipitated somatic withdrawal signs, were measured over time (across days of exposure and over hours after termination of vapor exposure). RESULTS Exposing male Wistar rats to non-contingent nicotine vapor inhalation through ENDS produces somatic withdrawal symptoms and measurable blood-nicotine and blood-cotinine levels that change according to (1) concentration of nicotine in vape solution, (2) number of days of nicotine vapor exposure, (3) time since termination of nicotine vapor exposure, and (4) relative to the withdrawal signs, whether withdrawal was spontaneous or precipitated (by mecamylamine). CONCLUSIONS The data presented here provide parameters that can be used as a reasonable starting point for future work that employs ENDS to deliver non-contingent nicotine vapor in rats, although many parameters can and should be altered to match the specific goals of future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montanari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Leslie K Kelley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tony M Kerr
- La Jolla Alcohol Research Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maury Cole
- La Jolla Alcohol Research Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Southeast Louisiana VA Healthcare System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Edwards S, Vendruscolo LF, Gilpin NW, Wojnar M, Witkiewitz K. Alcohol and Pain: A Translational Review of Preclinical and Clinical Findings to Inform Future Treatment Strategies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:368-383. [PMID: 31840821 PMCID: PMC11004915 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and chronic pain are enduring and devastating conditions that share an intersecting epidemiology and neurobiology. Chronic alcohol use itself can produce a characteristic painful neuropathy, while the regular analgesic use of alcohol in the context of nociceptive sensitization and heightened affective pain sensitivity may promote negative reinforcement mechanisms that underlie AUD maintenance and progression. The goal of this review was to provide a broad translational framework that communicates research findings spanning preclinical and clinical studies, including a review of genetic, molecular, behavioral, and social mechanisms that facilitate interactions between persistent pain and alcohol use. We also consider recent evidence that will shape future investigations into novel treatment mechanisms for pain in individuals suffering from AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Nicholas W. Gilpin
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kallupi M, de Guglielmo G, Larrosa E, George O. Exposure to passive nicotine vapor in male adolescent rats produces a withdrawal-like state and facilitates nicotine self-administration during adulthood. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1227-1234. [PMID: 31462388 PMCID: PMC7899081 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.08.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette use is particularly prevalent in adolescents, but the effects of secondhand exposure to nicotine vapor in adolescents on the propensity to develop nicotine dependence and increase nicotine self-administration in adulthood are poorly known. The present study explored the effects of nicotine vapor exposure on withdrawal-like states (hyperalgesia, spontaneous withdrawal signs, and locomotor activity) in adolescent rats and the vulnerability to acquire intravenous nicotine self-administration in adulthood. Adolescent (postnatal day 38) rats were exposed to intermittent nicotine vapor (14 h/day) for 7 consecutive days in a range of doses (0, 0.4, and 7 mg/m3). The rats were tested for somatic, emotional, and motivational withdrawal symptoms. When the animals reached adulthood, they were allowed to self-administer nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/0.1 ml) intravenously in operant chambers for 1 h/day for 12 consecutive days. Rats that were exposed to nicotine vapor presented moderate to severe signs of spontaneous withdrawal after the cessation of nicotine vapor. No effect on anxiety-like behavior was observed. Rats that were exposed to high levels of nicotine vapor in adolescence had lower pain thresholds and exhibited faster and higher acquisition of nicotine self-administration in adulthood. Chronic exposure to nicotine vapor in adolescent rats produced a withdrawal-like state and facilitated the acquisition of intravenous nicotine self-administration in adulthood. These results suggest that exposure of adolescents to nicotine vapor may confer higher risk of developing nicotine dependence when they become adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States.
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Estefania Larrosa
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Molecular, Morphological, and Functional Characterization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1-Expressing Neurons in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0087-19.2019. [PMID: 31167849 PMCID: PMC6584068 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0087-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a brain region implicated in anxiety, stress-related disorders and the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF, Crh) acting at cognate type 1 receptors (CRF1, Crhr1) modulates inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the CeA. Here, we used CRF1:GFP reporter mice to characterize the morphological, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of CRF1-expressing (CRF1+) and CRF1-non-expressing (CRF1-) neurons in the CeA. We assessed these two neuronal populations for distinctions in the expression of GABAergic subpopulation markers and neuropeptides, dendritic spine density and morphology, and excitatory transmission. We observed that CeA CRF1+ neurons are GABAergic but do not segregate with calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), parvalbumin (PV), or protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ). Among the neuropeptides analyzed, Penk and Sst had the highest percentage of co-expression with Crhr1 in both the medial and lateral CeA subdivisions. Additionally, CeA CRF1+ neurons had a lower density of dendritic spines, which was offset by a higher proportion of mature spines compared to neighboring CRF1- neurons. Accordingly, there was no difference in basal spontaneous glutamatergic transmission between the two populations. Application of CRF increased overall vesicular glutamate release onto both CRF1+ and CRF1- neurons and does not affect amplitude or kinetics of EPSCs in either population. These novel data highlight important differences in the neurochemical make-up and morphology of CRF1+ compared to CRF1- neurons, which may have important implications for the transduction of CRF signaling in the CeA.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kallupi M, Xue S, Zhou B, Janda KD, George O. An enzymatic approach reverses nicotine dependence, decreases compulsive-like intake, and prevents relapse. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat4751. [PMID: 30345354 PMCID: PMC6192681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder is the leading cause of disease and preventable death worldwide, but current medications that are based on pharmacodynamics have low efficacy. Novel pharmacokinetic approaches to prevent nicotine from reaching the brain have been tested using vaccines, but these efforts have failed because antibody affinity and concentration are not sufficient to completely prevent nicotine from reaching the brain. We provide preclinical evidence of the efficacy of an enzymatic approach to reverse nicotine dependence, reduce compulsive-like nicotine intake, and prevent relapse in rats with a history of nicotine dependence. Chronic administration of NicA2-J1, an engineered nicotine-degrading enzyme that was originally isolated from Pseudomonas putida S16, completely prevented nicotine from reaching the brain and reversed somatic signs of withdrawal, hyperalgesia, and irritability-like behavior in nicotine-dependent rats with a history of escalation of nicotine self-administration. NicA2-J1 also decreased compulsive-like nicotine intake, reflected by responding despite the adverse consequences of contingent footshocks, and prevented nicotine- and stress (yohimbine)-induced relapse. These results demonstrate the efficacy of enzymatic therapy in treating nicotine addiction in advanced animal models and provide a strong foundation for the development of biological therapies for smoking cessation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Song Xue
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbiology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbiology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbiology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aqueous Extract of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Exerts Anxiolytic Effects during Nicotine Withdrawal via Improvement of Amygdaloid CRF/CRF1R Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2419183. [PMID: 30245730 PMCID: PMC6139233 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2419183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety during nicotine withdrawal (NicW) is a key risk factor for smoking relapse. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS), which is a prototypical hypnotic-sedative herb in Oriental medicine, has been clinically used to treat insomnia and general anxiety disorders for thousands of years. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of the aqueous extract of SZS (AESZS) on NicW-induced anxiety in male rats that received subcutaneous administrations of nicotine (Nic) (0.4 mg/kg, twice a day) for 7 d followed by 4 d of withdrawal. During NicW, the rats received four intragastric treatments of AESZS (60 mg/kg/d or 180 mg/kg/d). AESZS dose-dependently attenuated NicW-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) tests and 180 mg/kg/d AESZS inhibited NicW-induced increases in plasma corticosterone. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF type 1 receptor (CRF1R) increased in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) during NicW, but these changes were suppressed by 180 mg/kg/d AESZS. A post-AESZS infusion of CRF into the CeA abolished the attenuation of anxiety by AESZS and 180 mg/kg/d AESZS suppressed NicW-induced increases in norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol levels in the CeA. The present results suggest that AESZS ameliorated NicW-induced anxiety via improvements in CRF/CRF1R and noradrenergic signaling in the CeA.
Collapse
|
32
|
Carboni L, Romoli B, Bate ST, Romualdi P, Zoli M. Increased expression of CRF and CRF-receptors in dorsal striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex after the development of nicotine sensitization in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 189:12-20. [PMID: 29857328 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine addiction supports tobacco smoking, a main preventable cause of disease and death in Western countries. It develops through long-term neuroadaptations in the brain reward circuit by modulating intracellular pathways and regulating gene expression. This study assesses the regional expression of the transcripts of the CRF transmission in a nicotine sensitization model, since it is hypothesised that the molecular neuroadaptations that mediate the development of sensitization contribute to the development of addiction. METHODS Rats received intraperitoneal nicotine administrations (0.4 mg/kg) once daily for either 1 day or over 5 days. Locomotor activity was assessed to evaluate the development of sensitization. The mRNA expression of CRF and CRF1 and CRF2 receptors was measured by qPCR in the ventral mesencephalon, ventral striatum, dorsal striatum (DS), prefrontal cortex (PFCx), and hippocampus (Hip). RESULTS Acute nicotine administration increased locomotor activity in rats. In the sub-chronic group, locomotor activity progressively increased and reached a clear sensitization. Significant effects of sensitization on CRF mRNA levels were detected in the DS (increasing effect). Significantly higher CRF1 and CRF2 receptor levels after sensitization were detected in the Hip. Additionally, CRF2 receptor levels were augmented by sensitization in the PFCx, and treatment and time-induced increases were detected in the DS. Nicotine treatment effects were observed on CRF1R levels in the DS. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the CRF transmission, in addition to its role in increasing withdrawal-related anxiety, may be involved in the development of nicotine-habituated behaviours through reduced control of impulses and the aberrant memory plasticity characterising addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Carboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Benedetto Romoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simon T Bate
- Statistical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, 980 Great West Rd, Brentford, Middlesex, TW8 9GS, UK
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. This descriptive case series among adults documents that pain can return temporarily at healed, previously pain-free injury sites during acute opioid withdrawal. Withdrawal pain can be a barrier to opioid cessation. Yet, little is known about old injury site pain in this context. We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods descriptive case series using a web-based survey and in-person interviews with adults recruited from pain and addiction treatment and research settings. We included individuals who self-reported a past significant injury that was healed and pain-free before the initiation of opioids, which then became temporarily painful upon opioid cessation—a phenomenon we have named withdrawal-associated injury site pain (WISP). Screening identified WISP in 47 people, of whom 34 (72%) completed the descriptive survey, including 21 who completed qualitative interviews. Recalled pain severity scores for WISP were typically high (median: 8/10; interquartile range [IQR]: 2), emotionally and physically aversive, and took approximately 2 weeks to resolve (median: 14; IQR: 24 days). Withdrawal-associated injury site pain intensity was typically slightly less than participants' original injury pain (median: 10/10; IQR: 3), and more painful than other generalized withdrawal symptoms which also lasted approximately 2 weeks (median: 13; IQR: 25 days). Fifteen surveyed participants (44%) reported returning to opioid use because of WISP in the past. Participants developed theories about the etiology of WISP, including that the pain is the brain's way of communicating a desire for opioids. This research represents the first known documentation that previously healed, and pain-free injury sites can temporarily become painful again during opioid withdrawal, an experience which may be a barrier to opioid cessation, and a contributor to opioid reinitiation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Romero A, García-Carmona JA, Laorden ML, Puig MM. Role of CRF1 receptor in post-incisional plasma extravasation and nociceptive responses in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
35
|
Meye FJ, Trusel M, Soiza-Reilly M, Mameli M. Neural circuit adaptations during drug withdrawal - Spotlight on the lateral habenula. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 162:87-93. [PMID: 28843423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Withdrawal after drug intake triggers a wealth of affective states including negative feelings reminiscent of depressive symptoms. This negative state can ultimately be crucial for relapse, a hallmark of addiction. Adaptations in a wide number of neuronal circuits underlie aspects of drug withdrawal, however causality between cellular modifications within these systems and precise behavioral phenotypes remains poorly described. Recent advances point to an instrumental role of the lateral habenula in driving depressive-like states during drug withdrawal. In this review we will discuss the general behavioral features of drug withdrawal, the importance of plasticity mechanisms in the mesolimbic systems, and the latest discoveries highlighting the implications of lateral habenula in drug addiction. We will further stress how specific interventions in the lateral habenula efficiently ameliorate depressive symptoms. Altogether, this work aims to provide a general knowledge on the cellular and circuit basis underlying drug withdrawal, ultimately speculating on potential treatment for precise aspects of addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Meye
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Trusel
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Inserm UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | | | - Manuel Mameli
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Inserm UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McGinn MA, Paulsen RI, Itoga CA, Farooq MA, Reppel JE, Edwards KN, Whitaker AM, Gilpin NW, Edwards S. Withdrawal from Chronic Nicotine Exposure Produces Region-Specific Tolerance to Alcohol-Stimulated GluA1 Phosphorylation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2537-2547. [PMID: 27796078 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine use increases alcohol drinking, suggesting that the combination of these drugs may produce synergistic effects in activating reward circuitry. Alternatively, use of either of these drugs may facilitate the development of cross-tolerance to the other to promote intake escalation. METHODS In this study, adult male Wistar rats were chronically exposed to room air or chronic, intermittent nicotine vapor, which has been shown to produce symptoms of nicotine dependence as evidenced by elevated nicotine self-administration and a host of somatic and motivational withdrawal symptoms. We examined regional neuroadaptations in nicotine-experienced versus nonexperienced animals, focusing on changes in phosphorylation of the AMPA glutamate channel subunit GluA1 in reward-related brain regions as excitatory neuroadaptations are heavily implicated in both alcohol and nicotine addiction. RESULTS During withdrawal, nicotine exposure and alcohol challenge (1 g/kg) interactively produced neuroadaptations in GluA1 phosphorylation in a brain region-dependent manner. Alcohol robustly increased protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of GluA1 at serine 845 in multiple regions. However, this neuroadaptation was largely absent in 3 areas (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and central amygdala) in nicotine-experienced animals. This interactive effect suggests a molecular tolerance to alcohol-stimulated phosphorylation of GluA1 in the context of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine may modify the rewarding or reinforcing effects of alcohol by altering glutamate signaling in a region-specific manner, thereby leading to increased drinking in heavy smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Adrienne McGinn
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rod I Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Christy A Itoga
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jonathan E Reppel
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kimberly N Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Annie M Whitaker
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas W Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Targeting the Brain Stress Systems for the Treatment of Tobacco/Nicotine Dependence: Translating Preclinical and Clinical Findings. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016; 3:314-322. [PMID: 31275802 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable mortality in the United States, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications fail to maintain long-term abstinence for the majority of smokers. One of the principal mechanisms associated with the initiation, maintenance of, and relapse to smoking is stress. Targeting the brain stress systems as a potential treatment strategy for tobacco dependence may be of therapeutic benefit. This review explores brain stress systems in tobacco use and dependence. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the noradrenergic system are discussed in relation to tobacco use. Preclinical and clinical investigations targeting these stress systems as treatment strategies for stress-induced tobacco use are also discussed. Overall, nicotine-induced activation of the CRF system, and subsequent activation of the HPA axis and noradrenergic system may be related to stress-induced nicotine-motivated behaviors. Pharmacological agents that decrease stress-induced hyperactivation of these brain stress systems may improve smoking-related outcomes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Baiamonte BA, Stickley SC, Ford SJ. Nicotine Deprivation Produces Deficits in Pain Perception that are Moderately Attenuated by Caffeine Consumption. J Psychoactive Drugs 2016; 48:159-65. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2016.1172745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
39
|
LeBlanc DM, McGinn MA, Itoga CA, Edwards S. The affective dimension of pain as a risk factor for drug and alcohol addiction. Alcohol 2015; 49:803-9. [PMID: 26008713 PMCID: PMC4628900 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Addiction, or substance use disorder (SUD), is a devastating psychiatric disease composed of multiple elemental features. As a biobehavioral disorder, escalation of drug and/or alcohol intake is both a cause and consequence of molecular neuroadaptations in central brain reinforcement circuitry. Multiple mesolimbic areas mediate a host of negative affective and motivational symptoms that appear to be central to the addiction process. Brain stress- and reinforcement-related regions such as the central amygdala (CeA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) also serve as central processors of ascending nociceptive input. We hypothesize that a sensitization of brain mechanisms underlying the processing of persistent and maladaptive pain contributes to a composite negative affective state to drive the enduring, relapsing nature of addiction, particularly in the case of alcohol and opioid use disorder. At the neurochemical level, pain activates central stress-related neuropeptide signaling, including the dynorphin and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems, and by this process may facilitate negative affect and escalated drug and alcohol use over time. Importantly, the widespread prevalence of unresolved pain and associated affective dysregulation in clinical populations highlights the need for more effective analgesic medications with reduced potential for tolerance and dependence. The burgeoning epidemic of prescription opioid abuse also demands a closer investigation into the neurobiological mechanisms of how pain treatment could potentially represent a significant risk factor for addiction in vulnerable populations. Finally, the continuing convergence of sensory and affective neuroscience fields is expected to generate insight into the critical balance between pain relief and addiction liability, as well as provide more effective therapeutic strategies for chronic pain and addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M LeBlanc
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Adrienne McGinn
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christy A Itoga
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
CX3CR1 Mediates Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia via Microglial P38 MAPK Signaling. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2252-61. [PMID: 26386845 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that nicotine withdrawal (NT) significantly increased pain sensitivity in rats. Recent reports suggest that fractalkine is involved in the spinal cord neuron-to-microglia activation via CX3CR1 signaling. However, its contribution to NT-induced hyperalgesia and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a rat model of NT was used to test the changes in CX3CR1 expression in the spinal cord. We also evaluated the effect of the CX3CR1 neutralizing antibody on spinal microglial activity, the expression of phosphorylated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38-MAPK) and heat-induced pain responses. We established a NT model via subcutaneous injection of pure nicotine (3 mg/kg), three times daily for 7 days. The expression of CX3CR1 was studied by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Following NT, the rats received daily intrathecal injections of CX3CR1 neutralizing antibody for 3 days. The change in paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was observed. The activation of microglia and the expression of p-p38-MAPK were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of CX3CR1 was significantly increased after NT and co-localized with IBA-1. NT rats treated with CX3CR1 neutralizing antibody showed significantly increased PWL on day 4 after NT. Furthermore, the activation of microglia and the expression of p-p38-MAPK in the spinal cord were suppressed. These results indicate that microglial CX3CR1/p38MAPK pathway is critical for the development of pain hypersensitivity after NT.
Collapse
|
41
|
Diet-induced obesity and diet-resistant rats: differences in the rewarding and anorectic effects of D-amphetamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3215-26. [PMID: 26047964 PMCID: PMC4536171 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Obesity is a leading public health problem worldwide. Multiple lines of evidence associate deficits in the brain reward circuit with obesity. OBJECTIVE Whether alterations in brain reward sensitivity precede or are a consequence of obesity is unknown. This study aimed to investigate both innate and obesity-induced differences in the sensitivity to the effects of an indirect dopaminergic agonist. METHODS Rats genetically prone to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and their counterpart diet-resistant (DR) were fed a chow diet, and their response to D-amphetamine on intracranial self-stimulation and food intake were assessed. The same variables were then evaluated after exposing the rats to a high-fat diet, after DIO rats selectively developed obesity. Finally, gene expression levels of dopamine receptors 1 and 2 as well as tyrosine hydroxylase were measured in reward-related brain regions. RESULTS In a pre-obesity state, DIO rats showed innate decreased sensitivity to the reward-enhancing and anorectic effects of D-amphetamine, as compared to DR rats. In a diet-induced obese state, the insensitivity to the potentiating effects of D-amphetamine on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) threshold persisted and became more marked in DIO rats, while the anorectic effects were comparable between genotypes. Finally, innate and obesity-induced differences in the gene expression of dopamine receptors were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that brain reward deficits antedate the development of obesity and worsen after obesity is fully developed, suggesting that these alterations represent vulnerability factors for its development. Moreover, our data suggests that the reward-enhancing and anorectic effects of D-amphetamine are dissociable in the context of obesity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Johnson AC, Tran L, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Knockdown of corticotropin-releasing factor in the central amygdala reverses persistent viscerosomatic hyperalgesia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e517. [PMID: 25734510 PMCID: PMC4354346 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nociception is exacerbated by chronic stress through an unknown mechanism. The amygdala is a key nucleus involved in the autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stress. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that prolonged exposure of the central amygdala (CeA) to stress or the stress hormone cortisol (or corticosterone in rats) induces nociceptive behaviors mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) within the CeA. We selectively knocked down CRF in the CeA via antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASO) in animals with targeted, stereotaxically placed corticosterone (CORT) micropellets or following repeated water avoidance stress (WAS). CRF expression in the CeA was analyzed concurrently with the assessment of visceral hypersensitivity to colonic distension and mechanical somatic withdrawal threshold. The responses were characterized at 7 or 28 days post implantation of the CORT micropellet or following 7 days of WAS. Exposure of the CeA to elevated CORT or WAS increased CRF expression and heightened visceral and somatic sensitivity. Infusion of CRF ASO into the CeA decreased CRF expression and attenuated visceral and somatic hypersensitivity in both models. Our study provides important evidence for a CRF-mediated mechanism specifically within the CeA that regulates stress-induced visceral and somatic nociception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L Tran
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - B Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,VA Medical Center, Research Administration Room 151G, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
TACHÉ Y. Corticotrophin-releasing factor 1 activation in the central amygdale and visceral hyperalgesia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1-6. [PMID: 25557223 PMCID: PMC4389773 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-CRF1 receptor in the brain plays a key role in stress-related alterations of behavior including anxiety/depression, and autonomic and visceral functions. In particular, CRF1 signaling mediates hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD) in various models (early life adverse events, repeated psychological stress, chronic high anxiety, postcolonic inflammation, or repeated nociceptive CRD). So far, knowledge of brain sites involved is limited. A recent article demonstrates in rats that CRF microinjected into the central amygdala (CeA) induces a hyperalgesic response to CRD and enhances the noradrenaline and dopamine levels at this site. The visceral and noradrenaline, unlike dopamine, responses were blocked by a CRF1 antagonist injected into the CeA. Here, we review the emerging role that CRF-CRF1 signaling plays in the CeA to induce visceral hypersensitivity. In the somatic pain field, CRF in the CeA was shown to induce pain sensitization. This is mediated by the activation of postsynaptic CRF1 receptors and protein kinase A signaling that increases N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor neurotransmission. In addition, the activation of tetraethylamonium-sensitive ion channels such as Kv3 accelerates repolarization and firing rate. Whether facilitation of pain transmission underlies CRF action in the CeA-induced visceral hypersensitivity will need to be delineated. CRF1 signaling in the CeA is also an important component of the neuronal circuitry inducing anxiety-like behavior and positioned at the interphase of the reciprocal relationship between pain and affective state. The hyperactivity of this system may represent the neuroanatomical and biochemical substrate contributing to the coexpression of hypersensitivity to CRD and mood disorders in subsets of irritable bowel syndrome patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. TACHÉ
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Women’s Health and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
YU A, CAI X, ZHANG Z, SHI H, LIU D, ZHANG P, FU Z. Effect of nicotine dependence on opioid requirements of patients after thoracic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:115-22. [PMID: 25348710 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study investigated the effect of nicotine dependence on required postoperative opioid administration in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. METHODS The subjects consisted of 215 male patients (112 nonsmokers, 103 smokers) who underwent thoracic surgery and received postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. Evaluations of nicotine dependence were based on results of Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaires. Smokers were categorized as low-nicotine dependent (LD) (n = 58) or highly-nicotine dependent (HD, n = 45) with FTND scores < 6 or ≥ 6, respectively. Pain intensity was assessed every 2 h after surgery, using the numerical rating scale (NRS). The cumulative amount of self-administered sufentanil at 24 and 48 h after surgery was recorded. RESULTS There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics among the nonsmoker (NS), LD, and HD groups. The NRS scores and total amount of self-administered sufentanil were significantly higher in the HD and LD groups compared with the NS group, and were significantly higher in the HD group than in the LD group. The FTND scores positively correlated with the cumulative quantity of sufentanil. Postoperative complications such as nausea and vomiting, sedation, and respiratory depression did not significantly differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Smokers had more severe postoperative pain and required a higher quantity of postoperative opioid than nonsmokers. With increasing nicotine dependence, postoperative pain severity and postoperative opioid requirement increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. YU
- Department of Pain Management; Shandong Provincial Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
- Department of Anesthesiology; Liaocheng People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong Province China
| | - X. CAI
- Department of Anesthesiology; Liaocheng People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong Province China
| | - Z. ZHANG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Liaocheng People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong Province China
| | - H. SHI
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University; Taian Shandong Province China
| | - D. LIU
- Department of Anesthesiology; Liaocheng People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong Province China
| | - P. ZHANG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Liaocheng People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong Province China
| | - Z. FU
- Department of Pain Management; Shandong Provincial Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
An aversive abstinence syndrome manifests 4-24 h following cessation of chronic use of nicotine-containing products. Symptoms peak on approximately the 3rd day and taper off over the course of the following 3-4 weeks. While the severity of withdrawal symptoms is largely determined by how nicotine is consumed, certain short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to predispose individuals to consume larger amounts of nicotine more frequently--as well as to more severe symptoms of withdrawal when trying to quit. Additionally, rodent behavioral models and transgenic mouse models have revealed that specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, cellular components, and neuronal circuits are critical to the expression of withdrawal symptoms. Consequently, by continuing to map neuronal circuits and nAChR subpopulations that underlie the nicotine withdrawal syndrome--and by continuing to enumerate genes that predispose carriers to nicotine addiction and exacerbated withdrawal symptoms--it will be possible to pursue personalized therapeutics that more effectively treat nicotine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Grieder TE, Herman MA, Contet C, Tan LA, Vargas-Perez H, Cohen A, Chwalek M, Maal-Bared G, Freiling J, Schlosburg JE, Clarke L, Crawford E, Koebel P, Repunte-Canonigo V, Sanna PP, Tapper AR, Roberto M, Kieffer BL, Sawchenko PE, Koob GF, van der Kooy D, George O. VTA CRF neurons mediate the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal and promote intake escalation. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1751-8. [PMID: 25402857 PMCID: PMC4241147 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are well known for mediating the positive reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Here we identify in rodents and humans a population of VTA dopaminergic neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). We provide further evidence in rodents that chronic nicotine exposure upregulates Crh mRNA (encoding CRF) in dopaminergic neurons of the posterior VTA, activates local CRF1 receptors and blocks nicotine-induced activation of transient GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons. Local downregulation of Crh mRNA and specific pharmacological blockade of CRF1 receptors in the VTA reversed the effect of nicotine on GABAergic input to dopaminergic neurons, prevented the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal and limited the escalation of nicotine intake. These results link the brain reward and stress systems in the same brain region to signaling of the negative motivational effects of nicotine withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E Grieder
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa A Herman
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Candice Contet
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura A Tan
- The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hector Vargas-Perez
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ami Cohen
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michal Chwalek
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geith Maal-Bared
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Freiling
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joel E Schlosburg
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura Clarke
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Crawford
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pascale Koebel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS / INSERM / Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vez Repunte-Canonigo
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pietro P Sanna
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew R Tapper
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- 1] Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS / INSERM / Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. [2] Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier George
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|