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Chruścicka-Smaga B, Machaczka A, Szewczyk B, Pilc A. Interaction of hallucinogenic rapid-acting antidepressants with mGlu2/3 receptor ligands as a window for more effective therapies. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1341-1349. [PMID: 37932583 PMCID: PMC10660980 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The desire to find a gold-standard therapy for depression is still ongoing. Developing one universal and effective pharmacotherapy remains troublesome due to the high complexity and variety of symptoms. Over the last decades, the understanding of the mechanism of pathophysiology of depression and its key consequences for brain functioning have undergone significant changes, referring to the monoaminergic theory of the disease. After the breakthrough discovery of ketamine, research began to focus on the modulation of glutamatergic transmission as a new pharmacological target. Glutamate is a crucial player in mechanisms of a novel class of antidepressants, including hallucinogens such as ketamine. The role of glutamatergic transmission is also suggested in the antidepressant (AD) action of scopolamine and psilocybin. Despite fast, robust, and sustained AD action hallucinogens belonging to a group of rapid-acting antidepressants (RAA) exert significant undesired effects, which hamper their use in the clinic. Thus, the synergistic action of more than one substance in lower doses instead of monotherapy may alleviate the likelihood of adverse effects while improving therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore AD-like behavioral, synaptic, and molecular action of RAAs such as ketamine, scopolamine, and psilocybin, in combination with mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chruścicka-Smaga
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Machaczka
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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Chaki S, Watanabe M. mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists for depression: overview of underlying mechanisms and clinical development. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1451-1462. [PMID: 36715750 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Triggered by the ground-breaking finding that ketamine exerts robust and rapid-acting antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression, glutamatergic systems have attracted attention as targets for the development of novel antidepressants. Among glutamatergic systems, group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, consisting of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, are of interest because of their modulatory roles in glutamatergic transmission. Accumulating evidence has indicated that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists have antidepressant-like effects in rodent models that mirror those of ketamine and that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists also share underlying mechanisms with ketamine that are responsible for these antidepressant-like actions. Importantly, contrary to their antidepressant-like profile, preclinical studies have revealed that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists are devoid of ketamine-like adverse effects, such as psychotomimetic-like behavior, abuse potential and neurotoxicity. Despite some discouraging results for an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist decoglurant (classified as a negative allosteric modulator [NAM]) in patients with major depressive disorder, clinical trials of two mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists, a phase 2 trial of TS-161 (an orthosteric antagonist) and a phase 1 trial of DSP-3456 (a NAM), are presently on-going. mGlu2/3 receptors still hold promise for the development of safer and more efficacious antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Chaki
- Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-9530, Japan.
| | - Mai Watanabe
- Taisho Pharmaceutical R&D Inc, 350 Mt. Kemble Avenue, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA
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Pilc A, Machaczka A, Kawalec P, Smith JL, Witkin JM. Where do we go next in antidepressant drug discovery? A new generation of antidepressants: a pivotal role of AMPA receptor potentiation and mGlu2/3 receptor antagonism. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1131-1146. [PMID: 35934973 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder remains a prevalent world-wide health problem. Currently available antidepressant medications take weeks of dosing, do not produce antidepressant response in all patients, and have undesirable ancillary effects. AREAS COVERED The present opinion piece focuses on the major inroads to the creation of new antidepressants. These include N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and related compounds like ketamine, psychedelic drugs like psilocybin, and muscarinic receptor antagonists like scopolamine. The preclinical and clinical pharmacological profile of these new-age antidepressant drugs is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical and clinical data have accumulated to predict a next generation of antidepressant medicines. In contrast to the current standard of care antidepressant drugs, these compounds differ in that they demonstrate rapid activity, often after a single dose, and effects that outlive their presence in brain. These compounds also can provide efficacy for treatment-resistant depressed patients. The mechanism of action of these compounds suggests a strong glutamatergic component that involves the facilitation of AMPA receptor function. Antagonism of mGlu2/3 receptors is also relevant to the antidepressant pharmacology of this new class of drugs. Based upon the ongoing efforts to develop these new-age antidepressants, new drug approvals are predicted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.,Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Machaczka
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Pałucha-Poniewiera A. The role of mGlu 2/3 receptor antagonists in the enhancement of the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 220:173454. [PMID: 36038006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
MGlu2/3 receptor antagonists produce antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression. A number of mechanisms responsible for these actions are convergent to the mechanism of the fast antidepressant-like effect of ketamine. Furthermore, the data indicate that ketamine effect is related to the action of mGlu2 receptors and may be reduced by their agonists. The above facts became the basis for the hypothesis that the antidepressant effect of low doses of ketamine might be enhanced by coadministration of a mGlu2 receptor antagonist. This strategy was aimed not only at enhancing the therapeutic effect of ketamine but also at reducing the risk of undesirable effects by lowering its therapeutic dose. It is known that ketamine, effective in relieving depressive symptoms in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD), is burdened with a number of side effects, which may be particularly dangerous in psychiatric patients. Data have confirmed that subeffective doses of ketamine and its enantiomer, (R)-ketamine, coadministered with an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, induce antidepressant-like effects in the screening tests and in the chronic-stress-induced model of depression. At the same time, these drug combinations did not cause undesirable effects characteristic of higher doses of ketamine and (S)-ketamine, including those related to psychostimulatory effects. Further research is required to prove whether this strategy will also be effective in depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
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Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Podkowa K, Rafało-Ulińska A. The group II mGlu receptor antagonist LY341495 induces a rapid antidepressant-like effect and enhances the effect of ketamine in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in C57BL/6J mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110239. [PMID: 33400944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine produces a rapid antidepressant effect, but its use can be associated with serious side effects. Hence, other therapeutic options that will allow us to obtain a quick and safe antidepressant effect by modulating glutamatergic transmission are needed. Antagonists of mGlu2/3 receptors, which share some mechanisms of action with ketamine, may be good candidates to obtain this effect. Here, we show that the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 induced a dose-dependent antidepressant-like effect in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression in C57BL/6J mice after both single and subchronic (three-day) administration. Furthermore, a noneffective dose of LY341495 (0.3 mg/kg) given jointly with a noneffective dose of ketamine (3 mg/kg) reversed the CUMS-induced behavioral effects, indicating that coadministration of ketamine with an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist might allow its therapeutically effective dose to be lowered. Western blot results indicate that mTOR pathway activation might be involved in the mechanism of action of this drug combination. Moreover, the combined doses of both substances did not produce undesirable behavioral effects characteristic of a higher dose of ketamine (10 mg/kg) commonly used in rodent studies to induce antidepressant effects. Coadministration of low doses of ketamine and LY341495 did not induce the hyperactivity typical of NMDA channel blockers, did not disturb short-term memory in the novel object recognition (NOR) test, and did not disturb motor coordination in the rotarod test. Our research not only confirmed the earlier data on the rapid antidepressant effect of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists but also indicated that such compounds can safely lower the effective dose of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Karolina Podkowa
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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El Yacoubi M, Vaugeois JM, Jamain S. Antidepressant-like effect of low dose of scopolamine in the H/Rouen genetic mouse model of depression. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:645-649. [PMID: 33314271 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models of depression are useful for the investigation of cellular and neuronal mechanisms of antidepressant drugs and for the discovery of potential new targets. In this study, we examined the antidepressant-like effect of scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, in a genetic mouse model of depression obtained through a selective breeding strategy and called H/Rouen. In this model, we observed that scopolamine was active both in males and females at a lower dose (0.03 mg/kg) in the tail suspension test, 30 min following its administration, than observed in CD-1 mice. In addition, we showed this antidepressant-like effect was partly inhibited by an injection of 10 mg/kg of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX in both males and females, suggesting the antidepressant-like effect of scopolamine was mainly driven by AMPA receptors in the H/Rouen mouse line. Altogether, our results showed the high sensitivity of the H/Rouen mouse model of depression to study the antidepressant-like effects of pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika El Yacoubi
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, Fondation FondaMental, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | | | - Stéphane Jamain
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, Fondation FondaMental, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Créteil, F-94010, France
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Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. Combined treatment of scopolamine and group III mGluR antagonist, CPPG, exerts antidepressant activity without affecting anxiety-related behaviors. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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The influence of the duration of chronic unpredictable mild stress on the behavioural responses of C57BL/6J mice. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:574-582. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Witkin JM, Smith JL, Golani LK, Brooks EA, Martin AE. Involvement of muscarinic receptor mechanisms in antidepressant drug action. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 89:311-356. [PMID: 32616212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional antidepressants typically require weeks of daily dosing to achieve full antidepressant response in antidepressant responders. A newly evolving group of compounds can engender more rapid response times in depressed patients. These drugs include the newly approved antidepressant (S)-ketamine (esketamine, Spravato). A seminal study by Furey and Drevets in 2006 showed antidepressant response in patients after only a few doses with the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine. Several clinical reports have generally confirmed scopolamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant. The data with scopolamine are consistent with the adrenergic/cholinergic hypothesis of mania/depression derived from clinical reports originating in the 1970s from Janowsky and colleagues. Additional support for a role for muscarinic receptors in mood disorders comes from the greater efficacy of conventional antidepressants that have relatively high levels of muscarinic receptor blocking actions (e.g., the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline vs the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine). There appears to be appreciable overlap in the mechanisms of action of scopolamine and other rapid-acting antidepressants (ketamine) or putative rapid-acting agents (mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists) although gaps exist in the experimental literature. Current hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant response to scopolamine posit an M1 receptor subtype-initiated cascade of biological events that involve the amplification of AMPA receptors. Consequent impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mTor signaling pathways result in the induction of dendritic spines that enable augmented functional connectivity in brain areas regulating mood. Two major goals for research in this area focus on finding ways in which scopolamine might best be utilized for depressed patients and the discovery of alternative compounds that improve upon the efficacy and safety of scopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Witkin Consulting Group, Carmel, IN, United States; Departments of Neuroscience and Trauma Research, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Peyton Manning Children's Hospital, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lalit K Golani
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Nasehi M, Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani MH, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Zarrindast MR. Additive interaction between scopolamine and nitric oxide agents on immobility in the forced swim test but not exploratory activity in the hole-board. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3353-3362. [PMID: 31175384 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine has received an attention due to its unique antidepressant effects. However, the considerable adverse effects on nervous system limit the use of scopolamine as a psychiatric drug. OBJECTIVE In order to overcome the limitations and increase the therapeutic effects of scopolamine, we decided to examine the effects of joint administration of sub-effective dose of scopolamine and the sub-effective dose of a nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-Arginine or a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in male NMRI mice. METHODS To this aim, animal behavior was assessed in the forced swim test (FST) and hole-board apparatus. RESULTS Scopolamine (0.05 mg/kg) significantly decreased immobility time in the FST, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. Moreover, L-Arginine (50 mg/kg) produced an antidepressant-like response in the FST and decreased head-dip counts in the hole-board apparatus, indicating an anxiety-like effect. The same doses of scopolamine and L-Arginine decreased the locomotor activity in mice. Joint administration of sub-effective dose of scopolamine (0.01 mg/kg) with a low dose of L-Arginine (25 mg/kg) or L-NAME (1 mg/kg) induced a profound antidepressant-like effect in the FST. These drug combinations did not influence on anxiety-related behaviors. Meanwhile, L-NAME alone did not alter the performance of mice in the FST and hole-board. Isobolographic analysis revealed an additive effect for scopolamine and L-Arginine or L-NAME. CONCLUSION Data suggests that NO agents could positively impact the therapeutic profile of scopolamine, because they might be useful for inducing antidepressant-like effect associated to scopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Glu-mGluR2/3-ERK Signaling Regulates Apoptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic-Depression Model Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3710363. [PMID: 31281399 PMCID: PMC6590571 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3710363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes mellitus is frequently accompanied by depression (diabetes−depression, DD), and DD patients are at higher risk of diabetes-related disability and mortality than diabetes patients without depression. Hippocampal degeneration is a major pathological feature of DD. Here, we investigated the contribution of the Glu−mGluR2/3−ERK signaling pathway to apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in DD model rats. Methods The DD model was established by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection followed by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Other groups were subjected to HFD + STZ only (diabetes alone) or CUMS only (depression alone). Deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory were assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM), motor activity in the open field test (OFT), and depression-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to estimate the rate of hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Hippocampal glutamate (Glu) content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Hippocampal expression levels of mGluR2/3, ERK, and the apoptosis effector caspase-3 were estimated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results DD model rats demonstrated more severe depression-like behavior in the FST, greater spatial learning and memory deficits in the MWM, and reduced horizontal and vertical activity in the OFT compared to control, depression alone, and diabetes alone groups. All of these abnormalities were reversed by treatment with the mGluR2/3 antagonist LY341495. The DD group also exhibited greater numbers of TUNEL-positive hippocampal neurons than all other groups, and this increased apoptosis rate was reversed by LY341495. In addition, hippocampal expression levels of caspase-3 and mGluR2/3 were significantly higher, ERK expression was lower, and Glu was elevated in the DD group. The mGluR2//3 antagonist significantly altered all these features of DD. Conclusions Comorbid diabetes and depression are associated with enhanced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and concomitantly greater hippocampal dysfunction. These pathogenic effects are regulated by the Glu−mGluR2/3−ERK signaling pathway.
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Demin KA, Sysoev M, Chernysh MV, Savva AK, Koshiba M, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Song C, De Abreu MS, Leonard B, Parker MO, Harvey BH, Tian L, Vasar E, Strekalova T, Amstislavskaya TG, Volgin AD, Alpyshov ET, Wang D, Kalueff AV. Animal models of major depressive disorder and the implications for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:365-378. [PMID: 30793996 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1575360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects the global population and causes severe disabilities and suicide. Depression pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and the disorder is often treatment-resistant and recurrent, necessitating the development of novel therapies, models and concepts in this field. Areas covered: Animal models are indispensable for translational biological psychiatry, and markedly advance the study of depression. Novel approaches continuously emerge that may help untangle the disorder heterogeneity and unclear categories of disease classification systems. Some of these approaches include widening the spectrum of model species used for translational research, using a broader range of test paradigms, exploring new pathogenic pathways and biomarkers, and focusing more closely on processes beyond neural cells (e.g. glial, inflammatory and metabolic deficits). Expert opinion: Dividing the core symptoms into easily translatable, evolutionarily conserved phenotypes is an effective way to reevaluate current depression modeling. Conceptually novel approaches based on the endophenotype paradigm, cross-species trait genetics and 'domain interplay concept', as well as using a wider spectrum of model organisms and target systems will enhance experimental modeling of depression and antidepressant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- a Institute of Experimental Medicine , Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Maxim Sysoev
- c Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening , Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies , St. Petersburg , Russia.,d Institute of Experimental Medicine , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Maria V Chernysh
- b Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Anna K Savva
- e Faculty of Biology , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | | | | | - Cai Song
- h Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,i Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute , Guangdong Ocean University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Murilo S De Abreu
- j Bioscience Institute , University of Passo Fundo (UPF) , Passo Fundo , Brazil
| | | | - Matthew O Parker
- l Brain and Behaviour Lab , School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Brian H Harvey
- m Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Li Tian
- n Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- n Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- o Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Normal Physiology , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia.,p Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology , Moscow , Russia.,q Department of Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrey D Volgin
- g The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) , Slidell , LA , USA.,r Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Erik T Alpyshov
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,t Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg , Russia.,u Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia.,v Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies , St. Petersburg , Russia.,w Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.,x Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry , Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.,y ZENEREI Institute , Slidell , LA , USA.,z The International Stress and Behavior Society (ISBS), US HQ , New Orleans , LA , USA
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Acute behavioral effects of deliriant hallucinogens atropine and scopolamine in adult zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:274-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Witkin JM, Martin AE, Golani LK, Xu NZ, Smith JL. Rapid-acting antidepressants. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 86:47-96. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Podkowa K, Pilc A, Podkowa A, Sałat K, Marciniak M, Pałucha-Poniewiera A. The potential antidepressant action and adverse effects profile of scopolamine co-administered with the mGlu7 receptor allosteric agonist AMN082 in mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:214-222. [PMID: 30145321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, exerts fast and prolonged antidepressant effects in the clinic. In contrast, the current treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) require long-term drug administration. On the other hand, the sole use of scopolamine might be related to the high risk of adverse effects. Therefore, it may be preferable to reduce its therapeutic dose. A new approach might include the co-administration of low-dose scopolamine with selected ligands of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which are known to possess antidepressant-like activity in several rodent tests and models of depression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential antidepressant activity of low-dose scopolamine combined with an allosteric agonist of mGlu7 receptors, AMN082 in C57BL/6 mice. It was found that the combination of scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg) and AMN082 (1 mg/kg) exerted significant antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test (TST), but these effects were not observed in the mGlu7-/- mice. Furthermore, low-dose AMN082 co-administered with low-doses scopolamine (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) induced antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test (FST) in mice. The tested compounds did not affect locomotor activity and did not impair spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) test or motor coordination in the rotarod test. The results strongly indicated that there is an enhanced antidepressant-like action of scopolamine by AMN082. Co-administration of scopolamine with AMN082 might be a new strategy with better efficacy and a lower risk of adverse effects compared with the sole use of scopolamine or AMN082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Podkowa
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Drug Management, Grzegórzecka Street 20, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, 30-688, Krakow, Medyczna Street 9, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, 30-688, Krakow, Medyczna Street 9, Poland
| | - Marcin Marciniak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
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Jiang J, Peng Y, Liang X, Li S, Chang X, Li L, Chang M. Centrally Administered Cortistation-14 Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice via Mediating Ghrelin and GABA A Receptor Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:767. [PMID: 30072893 PMCID: PMC6060333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortistatin-14 (CST-14), a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide, can bind to all five cloned somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and ghrelin receptor to exert its biological activities and co-exists with GABA within the cortex and hippocampus. However, the role of CST-14 in the control of depression processes is not still clarified. Here, we tested the behavioral effects of CST-14 in the in a variety of classical rodent models of depression [forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and novelty-suppressed feeding test]. In the models of depression, CST-14 produced antidepressant-like effects, and does not altered locomotor activity levels. And, we found that CST-14 mRNA and BDNF mRNA were significantly decreased in the hippocampus and cortex after mice exposed to stress. Further data show that i.c.v. administration of CST-14 produce rapid antidepressant effects, and does not altered locomotor activity levels. Then these antidepressant-like effects were significantly reversed by [D-Lys3]GHRP-6 (ghrelin receptor antagonist), but not c-SOM (SSTRs antagonist). Meanwhile, the effects of some neurotransmitter blockers indicates that only GABAA system, but not CRF1 receptor, α/β-adrenergic receptor, is involved in the antidepressant effect of CST-14. The effects of the mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and the p-ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) suggesting that the ERK/mTOR or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is not involved in the antidepressant effects of CST-14. Interestingly, intranasal administration of CST-14 led to reducing depressive-like behavior, and near-infrared fluorescent experiments showed the real-time in vivo bio-distribution in brain after intranasal infusion of Cy7.5-CST-14. Taken all together, the results of present study point to a role for CST-14 in the modulation of depression processes via the ghrelin and GABAA receptor, and suggest cortistation may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of depression disorders. Highlights:CST-14 and BDNF mRNA are decreased in hippocampus and cortex once mice exposed to stress. i.c.v. or intranasal administration of CST-14 produce rapid antidepressant effects. NIR fluorescence imaging detected the brain uptake and distribution after intranasal CST-14. Antidepressant effects of CST-14 were only related to ghrelin and GABAA system. Co-injection of CST-14 and NPS produce antidepressant effect, and do not impair memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - YaLi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - XueYa Liang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - LongFei Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Astrocytes activation contributes to the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine but not scopolamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 170:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Malikowska-Racia N, Podkowa A, Sałat K. Phencyclidine and Scopolamine for Modeling Amnesia in Rodents: Direct Comparison with the Use of Barnes Maze Test and Contextual Fear Conditioning Test in Mice. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:431-441. [PMID: 29680979 PMCID: PMC6154175 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays cognitive impairments are a growing unresolved medical issue which may accompany many diseases and therapies, furthermore, numerous researchers investigate various neurobiological aspects of human memory to find possible ways to improve it. Until any other method is discovered, in vivo studies remain the only available tool for memory evaluation. At first, researchers need to choose a model of amnesia which may strongly influence observed results. Thereby a deeper insight into a model itself may increase the quality and reliability of results. The most common method to impair memory in rodents is the pretreatment with drugs that disrupt learning and memory. Taking this into consideration, we compared the activity of agents commonly used for this purpose. We investigated effects of phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and scopolamine (SCOP), an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, on short-term spatial memory and classical fear conditioning in mice. PCP (3 mg/kg) and SCOP (1 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally 30 min before behavioral paradigms. To assess the influence of PCP and SCOP on short-term spatial memory, the Barnes maze test in C57BL/J6 mice was used. Effects on classical conditioning were evaluated using contextual fear conditioning test. Additionally, spontaneous locomotor activity of mice was measured. These two tests were performed in CD-1 mice. Our study reports that both tested agents disturbed short-term spatial memory in the Barnes maze test, however, SCOP revealed a higher activity. Surprisingly, learning in contextual fear conditioning test was impaired only by SCOP. ᅟ ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malikowska-Racia
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland
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The role of glutamatergic modulation in the mechanism of action of ketamine, a prototype rapid-acting antidepressant drug. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:837-846. [PMID: 32002973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, ketamine has been one of the most commonly studied potential antidepressants. This is because it produces a spectacularly rapid and persistent therapeutic effect in people suffering from severe treatment-resistant depression (TRD), for which classical drugs are ineffective. Similar efficacy was demonstrated for scopolamine, a drug belonging to a completely different pharmacological group. This interesting coincidence piqued the interest of psychopharmacologists and prompted them to search for a possible common mechanism of these rapid acting antidepressant drugs (RAADs). A thorough explanation of this mechanism is also important because each of these substances induces serious side effects. Knowing the mechanism responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of RAADs could lead to minimizing, or even avoiding certain undesirable effects. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of action of a prototype RAAD, ketamine, in animal models, with a particular focus on the roles of NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors, synaptogenesis, and modulation of glutamate transmission by other modulators of this system, such as mGlu receptor ligands. Recently studied roles for ketamine enantiomers and metabolites in its rapid antidepressant effect are also considered. Finally, the results of multiple clinical trials are reported and discussed in relation to basic research. This review concludes that success in introducing novel therapeutic RAADs will depend on better cooperation and integration of neuroscience research and clinical practice.
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Yu H, Li M, Zhou D, Lv D, Liao Q, Lou Z, Shen M, Wang Z, Li M, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Wang C. Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)-mediated glutamate release and membrane GluA1 activation is involved in the rapid antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine in mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 131:209-222. [PMID: 29274366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data have identified certain drugs such as scopolamine as rapidly acting antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD) that increase glutamate release and induce neurotrophic factors through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) activation in rodent models. However, little research has addressed the direct mechanisms of scopolamine on AMPAR activation or vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)-mediated glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice. Herein, using a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm, acute treatment with scopolamine rapidly reversed stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Our results showed that CUS-induced depression-like behaviors, accompanied by a decrease in membrane AMPAR subunit 1 (GluA1), phosphorylated GluA1 Ser845 (pGluA1 Ser845), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and VGF (non-acronymic) and an increase in bicaudal C homolog 1 gene (BICC1) in the PFC of mice, and these biochemical and behavioral abnormalities were ameliorated by acute scopolamine treatments. However, pharmacological block of AMPAR by NBQX infusion into the PFC significantly abolished these effects of scopolamine. In addition, knock down of VGLUT1 by lentiviral-mediated RNA interference in the PFC of mice was sufficient to induce depression-like phenotype, to decrease extracellular glutamate accumulation and to cause similar molecular changes with CUS in mice. Remarkably, VGLUT1 knockdown alleviated the rapid antidepressant-like actions of scopolamine and the effects of scopolamine on membrane GluA1-mediated BDNF, VGF and BICC1 changes. Altogether, our findings suggest that VGLUT1-mediated glutamate release and membrane GluA1 activation may play a critical role in the rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Yu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Zhongze Lou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting Str., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Mengxin Shen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 32 East Jiao-Chang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 32 East Jiao-Chang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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21
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Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Podkowa K, Lenda T, Pilc A. The involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmission in the antidepressant-like action of scopolamine in the tail suspension test. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28647535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some clinical studies indicate that scopolamine may induce a rapid antidepressant effect. Although scopolamine is a muscarinic antagonist, it seems that not only cholinergic but also glutamatergic and GABAergic systems might be involved in the mechanism of its antidepressant activity in animal models of depression. Here, we present a set of behavioral data aimed at investigating the role of monoaminergic system activity in the mechanism of the antidepressant-like action of scopolamine in an animal model based on behavioral despair, namely, the tail suspension test (TST). It was found that AMPT induced a partial reduction in the antidepressant-like effect of scopolamine (0.3mg/kg) in the TST in C57BL/6 mice and that the effect of scopolamine was comparable to the effect of reboxetine (10mg/kg), which was used in this study as a reference drug. The attenuated antidepressant-like effect of scopolamine in AMPT-treated mice was observed in both its immediate (30min after administration) and prolonged (24h after administration) action in the TST. On the other hand, serotonin depletion by PCPA-pretreatment had no effect on the antidepressant effect of scopolamine (0.3mg/kg) either 30min or 24h after administration. Furthermore, a dose-dependent decrease in the immobility time of mice treated with a non-active dose of reboxetine (2mg/kg) together with non-active doses of scopolamine (0.03 and 0.1mg/kg) was found, suggesting a synergistic interaction between reboxetine and scopolamine in the TST. In contrast, a subeffective dose of the SSRI citalopram co-administered with subeffective doses of scopolamine did not induce significant changes in the behavior of mice in this test. Altogether, these data suggest that activation of the noradrenergic system might be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of scopolamine in the TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Karolina Podkowa
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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22
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Miyamoto Y, Iegaki N, Fu K, Ishikawa Y, Sumi K, Azuma S, Uno K, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Striatal N-Acetylaspartate Synthetase Shati/Nat8l Regulates Depression-Like Behaviors via mGluR3-Mediated Serotonergic Suppression in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:1027-1035. [PMID: 29020418 PMCID: PMC5716104 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical studies have suggested that N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate levels in the human brain are associated with various psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder. We have previously identified Shati/Nat8l, an N-acetyltransferase, in the brain using an animal model of psychosis. Shati/Nat8l synthesizes N-acetylaspartate from L-aspartate and acetyl-coenzyme A. Further, N-acetylaspartate is converted into N-acetylaspartylglutamate, a neurotransmitter for metabotropic glutamate receptor 3. METHODS Because Shati/Nat8l mRNA levels were increased in the dorsal striatum of mice following the exposure to forced swimming stress, Shati/Nat8l was overexpressed in mice by the microinjection of adeno-associated virus vectors containing Shati/Nat8l gene into the dorsal striatum (dS-Shati/Nat8l mice). The dS-Shati/Nat8l mice were further assessed using behavioral and neurochemical tests. RESULTS The dS-Shati/Nat8l mice exhibited behavioral despair in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests and social withdrawal in the 3-chamber social interaction test. These depression-like behaviors were attenuated by the administration of a metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 antagonist and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Furthermore, the metabolism of N-acetylaspartate to N-acetylaspartylglutamate was decreased in the dorsal striatum of the dS-Shati/Nat8l mice. This finding corresponded with the increased expression of glutamate carboxypeptidase II, an enzyme that metabolizes N-acetylaspartylglutamate present in the extracellular space. Extracellular serotonin levels were lower in the dorsal striatum of the dS-Shati/Nat8l and normal mice that were repeatedly administered a selective glutamate carboxypeptidase II inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the striatal expression of N-acetylaspartate synthetase Shati/Nat8l plays a role in major depressive disorder via the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3-mediated functional control of the serotonergic neuronal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta)
| | - Noriyuki Iegaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta)
| | - Kequan Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta)
| | - Yudai Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta)
| | - Kazuyuki Sumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta)
| | - Sota Azuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta)
| | - Kyosuke Uno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta)
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan (Dr Muramatsu),Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Muramatsu)
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Miyamoto, Mr Iegaki, Mr Fu, Mr Ishikawa, Mr Sumi, Mr Azuma, and Drs Uno and Nitta),Correspondence: Atsumi Nitta, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan ()
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Yu H, Li M, Shen X, Lv D, Sun X, Wang J, Gu X, Hu J, Wang C. The Requirement of L-Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel (L-VDCC) in the Rapid-Acting Antidepressant-Like Effects of Scopolamine in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:175-186. [PMID: 29020410 PMCID: PMC5793820 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a low dose of scopolamine produces rapid-acting antidepressant-like actions in rodents. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this effect and the dose-dependent variations of drug responses remains an important task. L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels were found to mediate rapid-acting antidepressant effects of certain medications (e.g., ketamine). Therefore, it is of great interest to determine the involvement of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels in the action of scopolamine. METHODS Herein, we investigated the mechanisms underlying behavioral responses to various doses of scopolamine in mice to clarify the involvement of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels in its modes of action. Open field test, novel object recognition test, and forced swimming test were performed on mice administered varied doses of scopolamine (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or combined with L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker verapamil (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Then, the changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide VGF (nonacronymic) levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of these mice were analyzed. RESULTS Low doses of scopolamine (0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg) produced significant antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test, while higher doses (1 and 3 mg/kg) resulted in significant memory deficits and depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, the behavioral changes in responses to various doses may be related to the upregulation (0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg) and downregulation (1 and 3 mg/kg) of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and VGF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mice. We further found that the rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects and the upregulation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and VGF produced by a low dose of scopolamine (0.025 mg/kg) were completely blocked by verapamil. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels are likely involved in the behavioral changes in response to various doses of scopolamine through the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and VGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Yu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinbei Shen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinting Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinmei Gu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingning Hu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Correspondence: Chuang Wang, MD, PhD, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China ( or )
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Chaki S. mGlu2/3 Receptor Antagonists as Novel Antidepressants. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:569-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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New Treatment Strategies of Depression: Based on Mechanisms Related to Neuroplasticity. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4605971. [PMID: 28491480 PMCID: PMC5405587 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4605971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a severe and complex mental disorder. Impaired neurotransmission and disrupted signalling pathways may influence neuroplasticity, which is involved in the brain dysfunction in depression. Traditional neurobiological theories of depression, such as monoamine hypothesis, cannot fully explain the whole picture of depressive disorders. In this review, we discussed new treatment directions of depression, including modulation of glutamatergic system and noninvasive brain stimulation. Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has rapid and lasting antidepressive effects in previous studies. In addition to ketamine, other glutamatergic modulators, such as sarcosine, also show potential antidepressant effect in animal models or clinical trials. Noninvasive brain stimulation is another new treatment strategy beyond pharmacotherapy. Growing evidence has demonstrated that superficial brain stimulations, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, and magnetic seizure therapy, can improve depressive symptoms. The antidepressive effect of these brain stimulations may be through modulating neuroplasticity. In conclusion, drugs that modulate neurotransmission via NMDA receptor and noninvasive brain stimulation may provide new directions of treatment for depression. Furthermore, exploring the underlying mechanisms will help in developing novel therapies for depression in the future.
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