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Latzer IT, Yang E, Afacan O, Arning E, Rotenberg A, Lee HHC, Roullet JB, Pearl PL. Glymphatic dysfunction coincides with lower GABA levels and sleep disturbances in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14105. [PMID: 38148273 PMCID: PMC11199373 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is an inherited metabolic disorder of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) catabolism. Cerebral waste clearance along glymphatic perivascular spaces depends on aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channels, the function of which was shown to be influenced by GABA. Sleep disturbances are associated independently with SSADHD and glymphatic dysfunction. This study aimed to determine whether indices of the hyperGABAergic state characteristic of SSADHD coincide with glymphatic dysfunction and sleep disturbances and to explicate the modulatory effect that GABA may have on the glymphatic system. The study included 42 individuals (21 with SSADHD; 21 healthy controls) who underwent brain MRIs and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for assessment of glymphatic dysfunction and cortical GABA, plasma GABA measurements, and circadian clock gene expression. The SSADHD subjects responded to an additional Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Compared with the control group, SSADHD subjects did not differ in sex and age but had a higher severity of enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale (p < 0.001), basal ganglia (p = 0.01), and midbrain (p = 0.001), as well as a higher MRS-derived GABA/NAA peak (p < 0.001). Within the SSADHD group, the severity of glymphatic dysfunction was specific for a lower MRS-derived GABA/NAA (p = 0.04) and lower plasma GABA (p = 0.004). Additionally, the degree of their glymphatic dysfunction correlated with the CSHQ-estimated sleep disturbances scores (R = 5.18, p = 0.03). In the control group, EPVS burden did not correlate with age or cerebral and plasma GABA values. The modulatory effect that GABA may exert on the glymphatic system has therapeutic implications for sleep-related disorders and neurodegenerative conditions associated with glymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Tokatly Latzer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Onur Afacan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erland Arning
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry H C Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Phillip L. Pearl
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Vandermeulen L, Geric I, Fumagalli L, Kreir M, Lu A, Nonneman A, Premereur J, Wolfs L, Policarpo R, Fattorelli N, De Bondt A, Van Den Wyngaert I, Asselbergh B, Fiers M, De Strooper B, d'Ydewalle C, Mancuso R. Regulation of human microglial gene expression and function via RNAase-H active antisense oligonucleotides in vivo in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:37. [PMID: 38654375 PMCID: PMC11040766 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and neurodegeneration. The discovery of genetic variants in genes predominately or exclusively expressed in myeloid cells, such as Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), as the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlights the importance of microglial biology in the brain. The sequence, structure and function of several microglial proteins are poorly conserved across species, which has hampered the development of strategies aiming to modulate the expression of specific microglial genes. One way to target APOE and TREM2 is to modulate their expression using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). METHODS In this study, we identified, produced, and tested novel, selective and potent ASOs for human APOE and TREM2. We used a combination of in vitro iPSC-microglia models, as well as microglial xenotransplanted mice to provide proof of activity in human microglial in vivo. RESULTS We proved their efficacy in human iPSC microglia in vitro, as well as their pharmacological activity in vivo in a xenografted microglia model. We demonstrate ASOs targeting human microglia can modify their transcriptional profile and their response to amyloid-β plaques in vivo in a model of AD. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first proof-of-concept that human microglial can be modulated using ASOs in a dose-dependent manner to manipulate microglia phenotypes and response to neurodegeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Vandermeulen
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ivana Geric
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Kreir
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ashley Lu
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Annelies Nonneman
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jessie Premereur
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Wolfs
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Policarpo
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nicola Fattorelli
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - An De Bondt
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Den Wyngaert
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Neuromics Support Facility, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuromics Support Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Constantin d'Ydewalle
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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3
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de Amorim Ferreira M, Ferreira J. Role of Cav2.3 (R-type) Calcium Channel in Pain and Analgesia: A Scoping Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1909-1922. [PMID: 37581322 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230811102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play an important role in pain development and maintenance. As Cav2.2 and Cav3.2 channels have been identified as potential drug targets for analgesics, the participation of Cav2.3 (that gives rise to R-type calcium currents) in pain and analgesia remains incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Identify the participation of Cav2.3 in pain and analgesia. METHODS To map research in this area as well as to identify any existing gaps in knowledge on the potential role of Cav2.3 in pain signalling, we conducted this scoping review. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS databases, and 40 articles were included in this study. Besides, we organized the studies into 5 types of categories within the broader context of the role of Cav2.3 in pain and analgesia. RESULTS Some studies revealed the expression of Cav2.3 in pain pathways, especially in nociceptive neurons at the sensory ganglia. Other studies demonstrated that Cav2.3-mediated currents could be inhibited by analgesic/antinociceptive drugs either indirectly or directly. Some articles indicated that Cav2.3 modulates nociceptive transmission, especially at the pre-synaptic level at spinal sites. There are studies using different rodent pain models and approaches to reduce Cav2.3 activity or expression and mostly demonstrated a pro-nociceptive role of Cav2.3, despite some contradictory findings and deficiencies in the description of study design quality. There are three studies that reported the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Cav2.3 gene (CACNA1E) with postoperative pain and opioid consumption as well as with the prevalence of migraine in patients. CONCLUSION Cav2.3 is a target for some analgesic drugs and has a pro-nociceptive role in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Melin E, Pripp AH, Eide PK, Ringstad G. In vivo distribution of cerebrospinal fluid tracer in human upper spinal cord and brain stem. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173276. [PMID: 38063195 PMCID: PMC10795833 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDIntrathecal injection is an attractive route through which drugs can be administered and directed to the spinal cord, restricted by the blood-spinal cord barrier. However, in vivo data on the distribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) substances in the human spinal cord are lacking. We conducted this study to assess the enrichment of a CSF tracer in the upper cervical spinal cord and the brain stem.METHODSAfter lumbar intrathecal injection of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, gadobutrol, repeated blood samples and MRI of the upper cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and adjacent subarachnoid spaces (SAS) were obtained through 48 hours. The MRI scans were then analyzed for tracer distribution in the different regions and correlated to age, disease, and amounts of tracer in the blood to determine CSF-to-blood clearance.RESULTSThe study included 26 reference individuals and 35 patients with the dementia subtype idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The tracer enriched all analyzed regions. Moreover, tracer enrichment in parenchyma was associated with tracer enrichment in the adjacent SAS and with CSF-to-blood clearance. Clearance from the CSF was delayed in patients with iNPH compared with younger reference patients.CONCLUSIONA CSF tracer substance administered to the lumbar thecal sac can access the parenchyma of the upper cervical spinal cord and brain stem. Since CSF-to-blood clearance is highly individual and is associated with tracer level in CSF, clearance assessment may be used to tailor intrathecal treatment regimes.FUNDINGSouth-Eastern Norway Regional Health and Østfold Hospital Trust supported the research and publication of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melin
- Department of Radiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are Hugo Pripp
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Geir Ringstad
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal medicine, Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
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5
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Burbano LE, Li M, Jancovski N, Jafar-Nejad P, Richards K, Sedo A, Soriano A, Rollo B, Jia L, Gazina EV, Piltz S, Adikusuma F, Thomas PQ, Kopsidas H, Rigo F, Reid CA, Maljevic S, Petrou S. Antisense oligonucleotide therapy for KCNT1 encephalopathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:146090. [PMID: 36173683 PMCID: PMC9746904 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are characterized by pharmaco-resistant seizures with concomitant intellectual disability. Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is one of the most severe of these syndromes. De novo variants in ion channels, including gain-of-function variants in KCNT1, which encodes for sodium activated potassium channel protein KNa1.1, have been found to play a major role in the etiology of EIMFS. Here, we test a potential precision therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated DEE using a gene-silencing antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) approach. We generated a mouse model carrying the KCNT1 p.P924L pathogenic variant; only the homozygous animals presented with the frequent, debilitating seizures and developmental compromise that are seen in patients. After a single intracerebroventricular bolus injection of a Kcnt1 gapmer ASO in symptomatic mice at postnatal day 40, seizure frequency was significantly reduced, behavioral abnormalities improved, and overall survival was extended compared with mice treated with a control ASO (nonhybridizing sequence). ASO administration at neonatal age was also well tolerated and effective in controlling seizures and extending the life span of treated animals. The data presented here provide proof of concept for ASO-based gene silencing as a promising therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisseth Estefania Burbano
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melody Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikola Jancovski
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kay Richards
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia Sedo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ben Rollo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linghan Jia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena V. Gazina
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Piltz
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fatwa Adikusuma
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Q. Thomas
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Kopsidas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Christopher A. Reid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Snezana Maljevic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Praxis Precision Medicines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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The glymphatic system: implications for drugs for central nervous system diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:763-779. [PMID: 35948785 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept, cerebrospinal fluid flows directionally through the brain and non-selectively clears the interstitium of metabolic waste. Importantly, the glymphatic system may be modulated by particular drugs such as anaesthetics, as well as by non-pharmacological factors such as sleep, and its dysfunction has been implicated in central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer disease. Although the glymphatic system is best described in rodents, reports using multiple neuroimaging modalities indicate that a similar transport system exists in the human brain. Here, we overview the evidence for the glymphatic system and its role in disease and discuss opportunities to harness the glymphatic system therapeutically; for example, by improving the effectiveness of intrathecally delivered drugs.
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7
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Gąsiorowski K, Brokos JB, Sochocka M, Ochnik M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Zajączkowska K, Fułek M, Leszek J. Current and Near-Future Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1144-1157. [PMID: 34856906 PMCID: PMC9886829 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211202124239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have improved our understanding of the multifactorial nature of AD. While in early asymptomatic stages of AD, increased amyloid-β synthesis and tau hyperphosphorylation play a key role, while in the latter stages of the disease, numerous dysfunctions of homeostatic mechanisms in neurons, glial cells, and cerebrovascular endothelium determine the rate of progression of clinical symptoms. The main driving forces of advanced neurodegeneration include increased inflammatory reactions in neurons and glial cells, oxidative stress, deficiencies in neurotrophic growth and regenerative capacity of neurons, brain insulin resistance with disturbed metabolism in neurons, or reduction of the activity of the Wnt-β catenin pathway, which should integrate the homeostatic mechanisms of brain tissue. In order to more effectively inhibit the progress of neurodegeneration, combination therapies consisting of drugs that rectify several above-mentioned dysfunctions should be used. It should be noted that many widely-used drugs from various pharmacological groups, "in addition" to the main therapeutic indications, have a beneficial effect on neurodegeneration and may be introduced into clinical practice in combination therapy of AD. There is hope that complex treatment will effectively inhibit the progression of AD and turn it into a slowly progressing chronic disease. Moreover, as the mechanisms of bidirectional communication between the brain and microbiota are better understood, it is expected that these pathways will be harnessed to provide novel methods to enhance health and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Ochnik
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Michał Fułek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 10 Ludwika Pasteura Str., 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; Tel:+48603880572; E-mail:
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8
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Grabowska-Pyrzewicz W, Want A, Leszek J, Wojda U. Antisense oligonucleotides for Alzheimer's disease therapy: from the mRNA to miRNA paradigm. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103691. [PMID: 34773891 PMCID: PMC8602003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a particular therapeutic challenge because its aetiology is very complex, with dynamic progression from preclinical to clinical stages. Several potential therapeutic targets and strategies were tested for AD, in over 2000 clinical trials, but no disease-modifying therapy exists. This failure indicates that AD, as a multifactorial disease, may require multi-targeted approaches and the delivery of therapeutic molecules to the right place and at the right disease stage. Opportunities to meet the challenges of AD therapy appear to come from recent progress in knowledge and methodological advances in the design, synthesis, and targeting of brain mRNA and microRNA with synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Several types of ASOs allow the utilisation of different mechanisms of posttranscriptional regulation and offer enhanced effects over alternative therapeutics. This article reviews ASO-based approaches and targets in preclinical and clinical trials for AD, and presents the future perspective on ASO therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Grabowska-Pyrzewicz
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrew Want
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Jurgielewicz B, Stice S, Yao Y. Therapeutic Potential of Nucleic Acids when Combined with Extracellular Vesicles. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1476-1493. [PMID: 34527423 PMCID: PMC8407886 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), endogenous nanocarriers of proteins, lipids, and genetic material, have been harnessed as intrinsic delivery vectors for nucleic acid therapies. EVs are nanosized lipid bilayer bound vesicles released from most cell types responsible for delivery of functional biologic material to mediate intercellular communication and to modulate recipient cell phenotypes. Due to their innate biological role and composition, EVs possess several advantages as delivery vectors for nucleic acid based therapies including low immunogenicity and toxicity, high bioavailability, and ability to be engineered to enhance targeting to specific recipient cells in vivo. In this review, the current understanding of the biological role of EVs as well as the advancements in loading EVs to deliver nucleic acid therapies are summarized. We discuss the current methods and associated challenges in loading EVs and the prospects of utilizing the inherent characteristics of EVs as a delivery vector of nucleic acid therapies for genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jurgielewicz
- 1Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,2Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven Stice
- 1Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,2Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,3ArunA Bio, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- 1Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,2Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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10
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Louis JM, Agarwal A, Aduri R, Talukdar I. Global analysis of RNA-protein interactions in TNF-α induced alternative splicing in metabolic disorders. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:476-490. [PMID: 33417721 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, using the database of RNA-binding protein specificities (RBPDB) and our previously published RNA-seq data, we analyzed the interactions between RNA and RNA-binding proteins to decipher the role of alternative splicing in metabolic disorders induced by TNF-α. We identified 13 395 unique RNA-RBP interactions, including 385 unique RNA motifs and 35 RBPs, some of which (including MBNL-1 and 3, ZFP36, ZRANB2, and SNRPA) are transcriptionally regulated by TNF-α. In addition to some previously reported RBPs, such as RBMX and HuR/ELAVL1, we found a few novel RBPs, such as ZRANB2 and SNRPA, to be involved in the regulation of metabolic syndrome-associated genes that contain an enrichment of tetrameric RNA sequences (AUUU). Taken together, this study paves the way for novel RNA-protein interaction-based therapeutics for treating metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiss Maria Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, India
| | - Arjun Agarwal
- Department of Computer Science, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, India
| | - Raviprasad Aduri
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, India
| | - Indrani Talukdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, India
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11
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Kilanowska A, Studzińska S. In vivo and in vitro studies of antisense oligonucleotides - a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34501-34516. [PMID: 35514414 PMCID: PMC9056844 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04978f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of antisense oligonucleotides in gene silencing was discovered over 40 years ago, which resulted in the growing interest in their chemistry, mechanism of action, and metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the selected mechanisms of antisense drug action, as well as therapeutics which are to date approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Moreover, bioanalytical methods used for ASO pharmacokinetics and metabolism studies are briefly summarized. Special attention is paid to the primary pharmacokinetic properties of the different chemistry classes of antisense oligonucleotides. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro metabolic pathways of these compounds are widely described with the emphasis on the different animal models as well as in vitro models, including tissues homogenates, enzyme solutions, and human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kilanowska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 7 Gagarin Str. PL-87-100 Toruń Poland +48 56 6114837 +48 56 6114308
| | - Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 7 Gagarin Str. PL-87-100 Toruń Poland +48 56 6114837 +48 56 6114308
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12
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Kim JK, Lee JH. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Epileptic Disorders. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019; 62:272-287. [PMID: 31085953 PMCID: PMC6514310 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2019.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway coordinates the metabolic activity of eukaryotic cells through environmental signals, including nutrients, energy, growth factors, and oxygen. In the nervous system, the mTOR pathway regulates fundamental biological processes associated with neural development and neurodegeneration. Intriguingly, genes that constitute the mTOR pathway have been found to be germline and somatic mutation from patients with various epileptic disorders. Hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway due to said mutations has garnered increasing attention as culprits of these conditions : somatic mutations, in particular, in epileptic foci have recently been identified as a major genetic cause of intractable focal epilepsy, such as focal cortical dysplasia. Meanwhile, epilepsy models with aberrant activation of the mTOR pathway have helped elucidate the role of the mTOR pathway in epileptogenesis, and evidence from epilepsy models of human mutations recapitulating the features of epileptic patients has indicated that mTOR inhibitors may be of use in treating epilepsy associated with mutations in mTOR pathway genes. Here, we review recent advances in the molecular and genetic understanding of mTOR signaling in epileptic disorders. In particular, we focus on the development of and limitations to therapies targeting the mTOR pathway to treat epileptic seizures. We also discuss future perspectives on mTOR inhibition therapies and special diagnostic methods for intractable epilepsies caused by brain somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Keun Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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13
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Frohlich J, Miller MT, Bird LM, Garces P, Purtell H, Hoener MC, Philpot BD, Sidorov MS, Tan WH, Hernandez MC, Rotenberg A, Jeste SS, Krishnan M, Khwaja O, Hipp JF. Electrophysiological Phenotype in Angelman Syndrome Differs Between Genotypes. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:752-759. [PMID: 30826071 PMCID: PMC6482952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by either disruptions of the gene UBE3A or deletion of chromosome 15 at 15q11-q13, which encompasses UBE3A and several other genes, including GABRB3, GABRA5, GABRG3, encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunits (β3, α5, γ3). Individuals with deletions are generally more impaired than those with other genotypes, but the underlying pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to test the hypothesis that genes other than UBE3A located on 15q11-q13 cause differences in pathophysiology between AS genotypes. METHODS We compared spectral power of clinical EEG recordings from children (1-18 years of age) with a deletion genotype (n = 37) or a nondeletion genotype (n = 21) and typically developing children without Angelman syndrome (n = 48). RESULTS We found elevated theta power (peak frequency: 5.3 Hz) and diminished beta power (peak frequency: 23 Hz) in the deletion genotype compared with the nondeletion genotype as well as excess broadband EEG power (1-32 Hz) peaking in the delta frequency range (peak frequency: 2.8 Hz), shared by both genotypes but stronger for the deletion genotype at younger ages. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide strong evidence for the contribution of non-UBE3A neuronal pathophysiology in deletion AS and suggest that hemizygosity of the GABRB3-GABRA5-GABRG3 gene cluster causes abnormal theta and beta EEG oscillations that may underlie the more severe clinical phenotype. Our work improves the understanding of AS pathophysiology and has direct implications for the development of AS treatments and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Frohlich
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland; Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
| | - Meghan T Miller
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, Massachusetts
| | - Pilar Garces
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Purtell
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marius C Hoener
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Philpot
- Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael S Sidorov
- Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria-Clemencia Hernandez
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shafali S Jeste
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Michelle Krishnan
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Omar Khwaja
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg F Hipp
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
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Yang C, Kelaini S, Caines R, Margariti A. RBPs Play Important Roles in Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Under Diabetic Conditions. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1310. [PMID: 30294283 PMCID: PMC6158626 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major health care problems worldwide leading to huge suffering and burden to patients and society. Diabetes is also considered as a cardiovascular disorder because of the correlation between diabetes and an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is a major mediator of diabetic vascular complications. It has been established that diabetes contributes to significant alteration of the gene expression profile of vascular endothelial cells. Post-transcriptional regulation by RNA binding proteins (RBPs) plays an important role in the alteration of gene expression profile under diabetic conditions. The review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of critical RBPs toward diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction. Deeper understanding of the post- transcriptional regulation by RBPs could lead to new therapeutic strategies against diabetic manifestation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Yang
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Kelaini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Caines
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Nutter CA, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. Emerging roles of RNA-binding proteins in diabetes and their therapeutic potential in diabetic complications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 9. [PMID: 29280295 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a debilitating health care problem affecting 422 million people around the world. Diabetic patients suffer from multisystemic complications that can cause mortality and morbidity. Recent advancements in high-throughput next-generation RNA-sequencing and computational algorithms led to the discovery of aberrant posttranscriptional gene regulatory programs in diabetes. However, very little is known about how these regulatory programs are mis-regulated in diabetes. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important regulators of posttranscriptional RNA networks, which are also dysregulated in diabetes. Human genetic studies provide new evidence that polymorphisms and mutations in RBPs are linked to diabetes. Therefore, we will discuss the emerging roles of RBPs in abnormal posttranscriptional gene expression in diabetes. Questions that will be addressed are: Which posttranscriptional mechanisms are disrupted in diabetes? Which RBPs are responsible for such changes under diabetic conditions? How are RBPs altered in diabetes? How does dysregulation of RBPs contribute to diabetes? Can we target RBPs using RNA-based methods to restore gene expression profiles in diabetic patients? Studying the evolving roles of RBPs in diabetes is critical not only for a comprehensive understanding of diabetes pathogenesis but also to design RNA-based therapeutic approaches for diabetic complications. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1459. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1459 This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Nutter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- Wheaton T Little
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Ceri H Davies
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Gene therapy for spinomuscular atrophy: a biomedical advance, a missed opportunity for more equitable drug pricing. Gene Ther 2017. [PMID: 28639617 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An experimental approach for gene therapy of spinomuscular atrophy has been reported to prevent development of the neuromuscular features of this lethal and previously untreatable disorder. The approach involves treatment of patients suffering from SMN1-associated infantile form of the disease with a splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that corrects aberrant splicing of the nearly identical SMN2 gene to allow the generation of functional SMN protein, thereby mitigating the development of the disease. This technique represents the first apparently effective therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and an important documentation for ASO technology for therapy of neurodegenerative disease. These results with one form of SMA are likely to be relevant for similar applications to other SMA types and are likely to inspire application to a number of other intractable neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and possibly even the extremely common Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and others. Nevertheless, the scientific and medical importance of this advance is marred by a pricing policy by the corporate sponsors that may complicate accessibility of the drug for some desperate patients.
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