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Monteiro F, Nascimento LB, Leitão J, Santos EJR, Rodrigues P, Santos IM, Simões F, Nascimento CS. OpenWMB: An open-source and automated working memory task battery for OpenSesame. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02397-1. [PMID: 38575775 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Working memory capacity (WMC) has been measured with a plethora of cognitive tasks. Several preeminent automated batteries of working memory (WM) tasks have been developed recently. However, despite all their advantages, most batteries were programmed in paid platforms and/or only included a single WM paradigm. To address these issues, we developed the OpenWMB, an automated battery comprising seven tasks from three distinct paradigms (complex spans, updating tasks, and binding tasks) that tap into several functional aspects of WM (simultaneous storage and processing, updating, and binding). The battery runs on open-source software (OpenSesame) and is freely available online in a ready-to-download format. The OpenWMB possesses flexible features and includes a data processing script (that converts data into a format ready for statistical analysis). The instrument is available in Portuguese and English. However, we only assessed the psychometric properties of the former version. The Portuguese version presented good internal consistency and considerable internal and predictive validity: all tasks loaded into a single factor. Additionally, the WMC estimate was strongly correlated with a fluid intelligence factor. This study also tried to contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the best method to assess WMC. We computed a permutation analysis to compare the amount of variance shared between a fluid intelligence factor and (1) each WM task, (2) homogenous WMC factors (based on multiple tasks from the same paradigm), and (3) heterogeneous WMC factors (derived from triplets of tasks from different paradigms). Our results suggested that heterogeneous factors provided the best estimates of WMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Monteiro
- CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- ChronoCog - Laboratory for Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - José Leitão
- CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ChronoCog - Laboratory for Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J R Santos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- SHERU - Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Santos
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Simões
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Center for Research in Education and Psychology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla S Nascimento
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- SHERU - Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
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2
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Whitney P, Kurinec CA, Hinson JM. Temporary amnesia from sleep loss: A framework for understanding consequences of sleep deprivation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134757. [PMID: 37065907 PMCID: PMC10098076 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout its modern history, sleep research has been concerned with both the benefits of sleep and the deleterious impact of sleep disruption for cognition, behavior, and performance. When more specifically examining the impact of sleep on memory and learning, however, research has overwhelmingly focused on how sleep following learning facilitates memory, with less attention paid to how lack of sleep prior to learning can disrupt subsequent memory. Although this imbalance in research emphasis is being more frequently addressed by current investigators, there is a need for a more organized approach to examining the effect of sleep deprivation before learning. The present review briefly describes the generally accepted approach to analyzing effects of sleep deprivation on subsequent memory and learning by means of its effects on encoding. Then, we suggest an alternative framework with which to understand sleep loss and memory in terms of temporary amnesia from sleep loss (TASL). The review covers the well-characterized properties of amnesia arising from medial temporal lobe lesions and shows how the pattern of preserved and impaired aspects of memory in amnesia may also be appearing during sleep loss. The view of the TASL framework is that amnesia and the amnesia-like deficits observed during sleep deprivation not only affect memory processes but will also be apparent in cognitive processes that rely on those memory processes, such as decision-making. Adoption of the TASL framework encourages movement away from traditional explanations based on narrowly defined domains of memory functioning, such as encoding, and taking instead a more expansive view of how brain structures that support memory, such as the hippocampus, interact with higher structures, such as the prefrontal cortex, to produce complex cognition and behavioral performance, and how this interaction may be compromised by sleep disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Whitney
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Paul Whitney,
| | - Courtney A. Kurinec
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - John M. Hinson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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3
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Li J, Li J, Huang P, Huang LN, Ding QG, Zhan L, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang H, Cheng L, Li H, Liu DQ, Zhou HY, Jia XZ. Increased functional connectivity of white-matter in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953742. [PMID: 35979335 PMCID: PMC9377538 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common and dominant inherited neuromuscular dystrophy disease in adults, involving multiple organs, including the brain. Although structural measurements showed that DM1 is predominantly associated with white-matter damage, they failed to reveal the dysfunction of the white-matter. Recent studies have demonstrated that the functional activity of white-matter is of great significance and has given us insights into revealing the mechanisms of brain disorders. Materials and methods Using resting-state fMRI data, we adopted a clustering analysis to identify the white-matter functional networks and calculated functional connectivity between these networks in 16 DM1 patients and 18 healthy controls (HCs). A two-sample t-test was conducted between the two groups. Partial correlation analyzes were performed between the altered white-matter FC and clinical MMSE or HAMD scores. Results We identified 13 white-matter functional networks by clustering analysis. These white-matter functional networks can be divided into a three-layer network (superficial, middle, and deep) according to their spatial distribution. Compared to HCs, DM1 patients showed increased FC within intra-layer white-matter and inter-layer white-matter networks. For intra-layer networks, the increased FC was mainly located in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, prefrontal cortex, and corpus callosum networks. For inter-layer networks, the increased FC of DM1 patients is mainly located in the superior corona radiata and deep networks. Conclusion Results demonstrated the abnormalities of white-matter functional connectivity in DM1 located in both intra-layer and inter-layer white-matter networks and suggested that the pathophysiology mechanism of DM1 may be related to the white-matter functional dysconnectivity. Furthermore, it may facilitate the treatment development of DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Huang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Qing-Guo Ding
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Faculty of Western Languages, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Lulu Cheng
- School of Foreign Studies, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
- Shanghai Center for Research in English Language Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayun Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ze Jia
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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4
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Sousa NMF, Tudesco IDSS, Bolognani SAP, Batistela S, Bueno OFA. Random number generation and the ability of mentally reconstructing context in patients with organic amnesia. Dement Neuropsychol 2022; 16:19-27. [PMID: 35719253 PMCID: PMC9170266 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating amnesic patients have shown the involvement of the medial temporal lobe during working memory (WM) tasks, especially when multiple items or features have to be associated. However, so far, no study has examined the relationship between episodic memory and WM components in patients with amnesia for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether the null retention relates to deficits in the episodic buffer (EB) or the central executive (CE) components of WM. Methods This study included 15 amnesic patients with mixed etiologies and 13 matched healthy controls. These 15 amnesic patients with mixed etiologies were divided into two subgroups: NUL subgroup (n=7) patients whose raw score was 0 (zero) on the Logical Memory delayed recall test and MOR subgroup (n=8) patients who recalled at least 1 item. The EB was assessed by complex span tasks, and the CE was assessed by random number generation (RNG) test. Results EB tasks were impaired in both subgroups compared with controls. RNG was impaired in NUL (p=0.03), but not in MOR (p=0.99), subgroup. Conclusions CE impairment hampers the retrieval mode action, preventing it from initiating the mental reconstruction of the context in which the to-be-remembered information was presented minutes ago.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivanda de Souza Silva Tudesco
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.,Faculdade Censupeg, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsicologia, Joinville SC, Brazil
| | | | - Silmara Batistela
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.,Centro Paulista de Neuropsicologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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5
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Twick M, Levy DA. Fractionating the episodic buffer. Brain Cogn 2021; 154:105800. [PMID: 34563762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The episodic buffer is a putative component of working memory proposed to account for several short-term memory functions, including unexpectedly preserved immediate prose recall by amnesic patients. Over the course of time, this component has increasingly become associated with binding functions. Considering recent findings regarding the performance of both memory-impaired and healthy individuals on the range of tasks purported to require the contribution of the episodic buffer, we suggest that it should be fractionated into two functional systems. One is a schematic store instantiated in brain areas responsible for conceptual and schema representations, which is likely to be hippocampus-independent, and preserved in the face of amnesia. In contrast, short-term maintenance of novel associative binding is likely to require the contribution of the hippocampus and may therefore not be functionally dissociable from long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Twick
- Ashkelon Academic College, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
| | - Daniel A Levy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel.
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6
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The Association between the Binding Processes of Working Memory and Vascular Risk Profile in Adults. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091140. [PMID: 34573162 PMCID: PMC8467480 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic buffer (EB), a key component of working memory, seems to have a rather complicated function as part of binding processes. Recent papers on the field claim that binding processes of working memory (WM) are assisted by attention and executive functions. On the same page, vascular pathology is gaining more ground as the main underlying cause for many brain pathologies. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, lack of exercise and smoking are the most common risk factors that people of all ages suffer from and constitute the main vascular risk factors responsible for a possible decline in executive functions and attention. Thus, this research is an attempt to examine the relation between the binding functions of WM and the existence of vascular risk factors via a computerized test focusing on feature binding. The study comprised adults (n = 229) with and without vascular risk factors. The main tools used were a biomarker questionnaire and a feature binding test (FBT). The results showed that participants who report suffering from one or more vascular risk factors had significantly lower performance on specific subtasks of the FBT in comparison to the participants who were healthy. This allows us to assume that there might be a positive association between feature binding and a vascular risk profile in adults, and such a test could be a useful diagnostic tool for early cognitive impairment due to incipient vascular pathology.
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7
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Segura IA, McGhee J, Della Sala S, Cowan N, Pompéia S. A reappraisal of acute doses of benzodiazepines as a model of anterograde amnesia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:e2774. [PMID: 33368617 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute administration of benzodiazepines is considered a pharmacological model of general organic anterograde amnesias (OAA). We sought to determine which type of amnesia these drugs best model by comparing the effects of diazepam with those reported in amnesiacs regarding working memory capacity (WMC), susceptibility to retroactive interference (RI), and accelerated forgetting. METHODS In this double-blind, parallel-group design study, 30 undergraduates were randomly allocated to acute oral treatments with 15 mg diazepam or placebo. WMC and story recall were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Story presentation was succeeded by 10 min of RI (spotting differences in pictures) or minimal RI (doing nothing in a darkened room). Delayed story recall was assessed under diazepam and 7 days later in a drug-free session to assess accelerated forgetting. RESULTS Recall of stories encoded under diazepam, whether reactivated or not, was severely impaired (anterograde amnesia). However, diazepam did not impair WMC, increase susceptibility to RI, or accelerate forgetting. CONCLUSIONS Diazepam's amnestic effects mirror those in patients with probable severe medial temporal damage, mostly restricted to initial consolidation and differ from other OAA (Korsakoff syndrome, frontal, transient epileptic, posttraumatic amnesia, and most progressive amnesias) in terms of WMC, susceptibility to RI and accelerated forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Angélica Segura
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamie McGhee
- Department of Psychology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Della Sala
- Department of Psychology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nelson Cowan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sabine Pompéia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Ring M, Guillery-Girard B, Quinette P, Gaigg SB, Bowler DM. Short-Term Memory Span and Cross-Modality Integration in Younger and Older Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:1970-1984. [PMID: 32926571 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show the same pattern of difficulties and absence of age-related differences in short-term memory (STM) as those that have been reported in episodic long-term memory (LTM). Fifty-three adults with ASD (age range: 25-65 years) were compared to 52 age-, biological sex-, and intelligence-matched typically developing (TD; age range: 21-67 years) adults on three STM span tasks, which tested STM performance for letters (Verbal), grid locations (Visuospatial), or letters in grid locations (Multimodal). A subsample of 34 TD and 33 ASD participants ranging in age from 25 to 64 years completed a fourth Multimodal Integration task. We also administered the Color Trails Test as a measure of executive function. ASD participants' accuracy was lower than that of the TD participants on the three span tasks (Cohen's d: 0.26-0.50). The Integration task difference was marginally significant (p = .07) but had a moderate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.50). Regression analyses confirmed reduced STM performance only for older TD participants. Analyses also indicated that executive processes played a greater role in the ASD group's performance. The demonstration of similar difficulties and age-related patterning of STM in ASD to those documented for LTM and the greater recruitment of executive processes by older ASD participants on the Integration task suggest a compensatory role of frontal processes both as a means of achieving undiminished task performance and as a possible protection against older age cognitive decline in ASD. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm this. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1970-1984. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: Little is known about short-term memory (STM) in younger and older adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study tested different kinds of STM and showed that ASD adults remembered shorter sequences of letters, crosses, or letters in grid cells less well than matched participants with typical development. However, older ASD individuals performed similarly to younger ASD individuals, nor showing the reduction in performance usually seen with older age. The data suggest that ASD individuals use different underlying mechanisms when performing the tasks and that this might help protect their memory as they grow older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ring
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Bérengère Guillery-Girard
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Peggy Quinette
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Sebastian B Gaigg
- Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Dermot M Bowler
- Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
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9
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Van Noppen P, van Dun K, Depestele S, Verstraelen S, Meesen R, Manto M. Transcranial direct current stimulation and attention skills in burnout patients: a randomized blinded sham-controlled pilot study. F1000Res 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 33363715 PMCID: PMC7737710 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21831.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Burnout is characterized by deficiencies in attention and several components of the working memory, of which the lingering effects of impaired attention and executive functions are the most frustrating. We hypothesized that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can improve the executive control of attention and possibly several other components of working memory in patients with burnout. Methods: This was a randomized double-blind sham-controlled pilot study with two groups. Patients with burnout received three weeks of daily sessions (15 sessions in total) of atDCS or sham stimulation in addition to three weekly sessions of standard behavioral therapy. The primary outcome measure was attention and the central executive of the working memory. Secondary, the effect of atDCS was measured on other components of working memory, on burnout and depression scores, and on quality of life (QoL). Results: We enrolled and randomly assigned 16 patients to a sham or real stimulation group, 15 (7 sham, 8 real) were included in the analysis. atDCS had a significant impact on attention. Post-hoc comparisons also revealed a trend towards more improvement after real tDCS for inhibition and shifting, updating and control, and encoding. Both groups improved on burnout and depression scores. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary evidence for the value of atDCS over the left DLPFC in rehabilitating attention deficits, and possibly also central executive and encoding deficits, in burnout. However, the current study has some limitations, including the sample size and heterogeneous patient population. More elaborate studies are needed to elucidate the specific impact of atDCS over the left DLPFC on burnout. Trial registration: ISRCTN.com ( ISRCTN94275121) 17/11/19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim van Dun
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
- Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics (CLIN), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siel Depestele
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Verstraelen
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
| | - Raf Meesen
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Henegouwen, 6041, Belgium
- Service de Neurosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Henegouwen, 7000, Belgium
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10
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Van Noppen P, van Dun K, Depestele S, Verstraelen S, Meesen R, Manto M. Transcranial direct current stimulation and attention skills in burnout patients: a randomized blinded sham-controlled pilot study. F1000Res 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 33363715 PMCID: PMC7737710 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21831.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burnout is characterized by deficiencies in attention and several components of the working memory. It has been shown that cognitive behavioral therapy can have a positive effect on burnout and depressive symptoms, however, the lingering effects of impaired attention and executive functions are the most frustrating. We hypothesized that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can improve the executive control of attention and possibly several other components of working memory in patients with burnout. Methods: This was a randomized double-blind sham-controlled pilot study with two groups. Patients with burnout received three weeks of daily sessions (15 sessions in total) of atDCS or sham stimulation in addition to three weekly sessions of standard behavioral therapy. The primary outcome measure was attention and the central executive of the working memory. Secondary, the effect of atDCS was measured on other components of working memory, on burnout and depression scores, and on quality of life (QoL). Results: We enrolled and randomly assigned 16 patients to a sham or real stimulation group, 15 (7 sham, 8 real) were included in the analysis. atDCS had a significant impact on attention. Post-hoc comparisons also revealed a trend towards more improvement after real tDCS for inhibition and shifting, updating and control, and encoding. Both groups improved on burnout and depression scores. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary evidence for the value of atDCS over the left DLPFC in rehabilitating attention deficits, and possibly also central executive and encoding deficits, in burnout. However, the current study has some limitations, including the sample size and heterogeneous patient population. More elaborate studies are needed to elucidate the specific impact of atDCS over the left DLPFC on burnout. Trial registration: ISRCTN.com ( ISRCTN94275121) 17/11/19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim van Dun
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
- Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics (CLIN), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siel Depestele
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Verstraelen
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
| | - Raf Meesen
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 2590, Belgium
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Henegouwen, 6041, Belgium
- Service de Neurosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Henegouwen, 7000, Belgium
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11
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Langbehn KE, van der Plas E, Moser DJ, Long JD, Gutmann L, Nopoulos PC. Cognitive function and its relationship with brain structure in myotonic dystrophy type 1. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:190-199. [PMID: 32056295 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown relationships between white matter abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), but comprehensive analysis of potential structure-function relationships are lacking. Fifty adult-onset DM1 individuals (33 female) and 68 unaffected adults (45 female) completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) to determine the levels and patterns of intellectual functioning. Neuroimages were acquired with a 3T scanner and were processed with BrainsTools. Regional brain volumes (regions of interest, ROIs) were adjusted for inter-scanner variation and intracranial volume. Linear regression models were conducted to assess if group by ROI interaction terms significantly predicted WAIS-IV composite scores. Models were adjusted for age and sex. The DM1 group had lower Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), and Processing Speed Index (PSI) scores than the unaffected group (PRI t(113) = -3.28, p = 0.0014; WMI t(114) = -3.49, p = 0.0007; PSI t(114) = -2.98, p = 0.0035). The group by hippocampus interaction term was significant for both PRI and PSI (PRI (t(111) = -2.82, p = 0.0057; PSI (t(112) = -2.87, p = 0.0049)). There was an inverse association between hippocampal volume and both PRI and PSI in the DM1 group (the higher the volume, the lower the intelligence quotient scores), but no such association was observed in the unaffected group. Enlarged hippocampal volume may underlie some aspects of cognitive dysfunction in adult-onset DM1, suggesting that increased volume of the hippocampus may be pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Langbehn
- Psychiatry Department, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ellen van der Plas
- Psychiatry Department, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David J Moser
- Psychiatry Department, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Psychiatry Department, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Laurie Gutmann
- Neurology Department, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peggy C Nopoulos
- Psychiatry Department, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Neurology Department, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Griebe M, Ebert A, Nees F, Katic K, Gerber B, Szabo K. Enhanced cortisol secretion in acute transient global amnesia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:72-79. [PMID: 30193207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress-related transient inhibition of memory formation in the hippocampus has been hypothesized as one of the underlying pathomechanisms of transient global amnesia (TGA). TGA episodes, during which patients cannot encode and recall new information (anterograde amnesia affecting episodic long-term memory), are frequently preceded by a psychologically or physically stressful event. METHODS We measured salivary cortisol during acute TGA in 14 patients, as well as cortisol day-profiles and the effect of experimental exposure to stress (using the socially evaluated cold pressor test) on cortisol levels during the subacute phase. We assessed psychiatric comorbidity as well as depression, trait anxiety and chronic stress. These findings were compared with data of 20 healthy controls. FINDINGS Nine patients reported a precipitating stressor and all 14 developed typical hippocampal lesions on follow-up MRI. During TGA, salivary cortisol levels were more than 3-fold higher compared to time-matched day levels. While there was no difference in mean cortisol levels of the diurnal rhythm, we found a significant interaction between groups during experimental stress exposure (p = 0.049) with the TGA group revealing a higher cortisol increase. The TGA group reported higher levels of depressive symptomatology (CES-D) and higher scores of chronic stress (TICS) compared with the control group and there was a significant correlation between cortisol increase during TGA and the results of self-rating according to the CES-D (r = 0.615; p = 0.004), as well as to the STAI (r = 0.702; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings of enhanced secretion of cortisol in acute TGA patients correlating with symptoms of depression and anxiety and a persisting hyperreactivity to experimental stress in the subacute phase support the hypothesis that stress might be significant for the pathogenesis of TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Griebe
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Ebert
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Katic
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benjamin Gerber
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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Pergola G, Danet L, Pitel AL, Carlesimo GA, Segobin S, Pariente J, Suchan B, Mitchell AS, Barbeau EJ. The Regulatory Role of the Human Mediodorsal Thalamus. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:1011-1025. [PMID: 30236489 PMCID: PMC6198112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The function of the human mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) has so far eluded a clear definition in terms of specific cognitive processes and tasks. Although it was at first proposed to play a role in long-term memory, a set of recent studies in animals and humans has revealed a more complex, and broader, role in several cognitive functions. The MD seems to play a multifaceted role in higher cognitive functions together with the prefrontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical brain areas. Specifically, we propose that the MD is involved in the regulation of cortical networks especially when the maintenance and temporal extension of persistent activity patterns in the frontal lobe areas are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Lola Danet
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS 31024, France; CHU Toulouse Purpan, Neurology Department, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Anne-Lise Pitel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Giovanni A Carlesimo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University and S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Shailendra Segobin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS 31024, France; CHU Toulouse Purpan, Neurology Department, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Boris Suchan
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Equivalent contribution as last authors.
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR5549, Université de Toulouse - CNRS, Toulouse 31000, France; Equivalent contribution as last authors
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Zimmermann N, Mograbi DC, Hermes-Pereira A, Fonseca RP, Prigatano GP. Memory and executive functions correlates of self-awareness in traumatic brain injury. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2017; 22:346-360. [PMID: 28566003 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2017.1330191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of executive functions (EF) components and episodic and working memory variables, as well as clinical and demographic factors, to awareness of cognitive ability in traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Sixty-five TBI patients (mild: n = 26; moderate/severe: n = 39) took part in the study. Independent stepwise regression models were calculated for EF and memory predictors, with awareness being measured by patient/informant discrepancy in the Patient Competency Rating Scale. RESULTS Models with EF variables indicated that semantic verbal fluency and age are the best predictors of awareness, whereas models including mnemonic functions suggested verbal delayed episodic recall and TBI severity as predictors. CONCLUSIONS These results are discussed in relation to clinical implications, such as the need to focus efforts of rehabilitation in the cognitive abilities related to awareness, and theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Zimmermann
- a Department of Radiology , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,d Department of Psychology-Human Cognition , PUCRS , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,f Neuropsychology Service , Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Daniel C Mograbi
- b Department of Psychology , PUC-Rio , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London , London , UK
| | | | - Rochele P Fonseca
- d Department of Psychology-Human Cognition , PUCRS , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - George P Prigatano
- e Department of Clinical Neuropsychology , Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix , AZ , USA
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Lecouvey G, Gonneaud J, Piolino P, Madeleine S, Orriols E, Fleury P, Eustache F, Desgranges B. Is binding decline the main source of the ageing effect on prospective memory? A ride in a virtual town. SOCIOAFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE & PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 7:1304610. [PMID: 28567212 PMCID: PMC5443093 DOI: 10.1080/20009011.2017.1304610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to improve our understanding of prospective memory (PM) changes in ageing, and to identify the cognitive correlates of PM decline, using a virtual environment, to provide a more realistic assessment than traditional laboratory tasks. Design: Thirty-five young and 29 older individuals exposed to a virtual town were asked to recall three event-based intentions with a strong link between prospective and retrospective components, three event-based intentions with a weak link, and three time-based intentions. They also underwent retrospective episodic memory, executive functions, binding in working memory, processing speed, and time estimation assessments. Results: Older individuals recalled fewer intentions than young adults. While age-related PM decline affected the recall of both prospective and retrospective components, the recall of the latter seemed more challenging for older individuals when the link was weak. This PM decline was linked to an age-related decline in the binding process in working memory, as well as in processing speed, executive functioning, and episodic memory, depending on the nature of intentions. Conclusion: PM appears to be sensitive to ageing, even when the device is thought to be ecological. This decline is particularly pronounced when controlled processes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Lecouvey
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Institut de Psychologie & Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences INSERM S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Eric Orriols
- Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Institut de Psychologie & Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences INSERM S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
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Compère L, Sperduti M, Gallarda T, Anssens A, Lion S, Delhommeau M, Martinelli P, Devauchelle AD, Oppenheim C, Piolino P. Sex Differences in the Neural Correlates of Specific and General Autobiographical Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:285. [PMID: 27378884 PMCID: PMC4913091 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) underlies the formation and temporal continuity over time of personal identity. The few studies on sex-related differences in AM suggest that men and women adopt different cognitive or emotional strategies when retrieving AMs. However, none of the previous works has taken into account the distinction between episodic autobiographical memory (EAM), consisting in the retrieval of specific events by means of mental time travel, and semantic autobiographical memory (SAM), which stores general personal events. Thus, it remains unclear whether differences in these strategies depend on the nature of the memory content to be retrieved. In the present study we employed functional MRI to examine brain activity underlying potential sex differences in EAM and SAM retrieval focusing on the differences in strategies related to the emotional aspects of memories while controlling for basic cognitive strategies. On the behavioral level, there was no significant sex difference in memory performances or subjective feature ratings of either type of AM. Activations common to men and women during AM retrieval were observed in a typical bilateral network comprising medial and lateral temporal regions, precuneus, occipital cortex as well as prefrontal cortex. Contrast analyses revealed that there was no difference between men and women in the EAM condition. In the SAM condition, women showed an increased activity, compared to men, in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal and precentral gyrus. Overall, these findings suggest that differential neural activations reflect sex-specific strategies related to emotional aspects of AMs, particularly regarding SAM. We propose that this pattern of activation during SAM retrieval reflects the cognitive cost linked to emotion regulation strategies recruited by women compared to men. These sex-related differences have interesting implications for understanding psychiatric disorders with differential sex prevalence and in which one of key features is overgenerality in AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Compère
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéBoulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Marco Sperduti
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéBoulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Thierry Gallarda
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Psychiatric Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Sainte AnneParis, France
| | - Adèle Anssens
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéBoulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Stéphanie Lion
- Department of Radiology, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Marion Delhommeau
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéBoulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Pénélope Martinelli
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéBoulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Devauchelle
- Department of Radiology, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Department of Radiology, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéBoulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S894, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
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El Haj M, Kessels RPC, Allain P. Source Memory Rehabilitation: A Review Toward Recommendations for Setting Up a Strategy Training Aimed at the "What, Where, and When" of Episodic Retrieval. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2015; 23:53-60. [PMID: 25996602 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2014.992071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Source memory is a core component of episodic recall as it allows for the reconstruction of contextual details characterizing the acquisition of episodic events. Unlike episodic memory, little is known about source memory rehabilitation. Our review addresses this issue by emphasizing several strategies as useful tools in source memory rehabilitation programs. Four main strategies are likely to improve source recall in amnesic patients-namely, (a) contextual cueing, (b) unitization, (c) errorless learning, and (d) executive function programs. The rationale behind our suggestion is that: (a) reinstating contextual cues during retrieval can serve as retrieval cues and enhance source memory; (b) unitization as an encoding process allows for the integration of several pieces of contextual information into a new single entity; (c) errorless learning may prevent patients from making errors during source learning; and (d) as source memory deteriorations have been classically attributed to executive dysfunction, the rehabilitation of the latter ability is likely to maintain the former ability. Besides these four strategies, our review suggests several additional rehabilitation techniques such as the vanishing cues and spaced retrieval methods. Another additional strategy is the use of electronic devices. By gathering these strategies, our review provides a helpful guideline for clinicians dealing with source memory impairments. Our review further highlights the lack of randomized and controlled studies in the field of source memory rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- a Research Unit on Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of North of France , Lille , France
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- b Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour , Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen.,c Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry , Korsakoff Clinic , Venray.,d Department of Medical Psychology , Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Allain
- e LUNAM Université, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes et Angers, and Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches , CHU Angers , Angers , France
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Coste C, Navarro B, Vallat-Azouvi C, Brami M, Azouvi P, Piolino P. Disruption of temporally extended self-memory system following traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia 2015; 71:133-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Noël A, Quinette P, Hainselin M, Dayan J, Viader F, Desgranges B, Eustache F. The Still Enigmatic Syndrome of Transient Global Amnesia: Interactions Between Neurological and Psychopathological Factors. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:125-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Lecouvey G, Quinette P, Kalpouzos G, Guillery-Girard B, Bejanin A, Gonneaud J, Abbas A, Viader F, Eustache F, Desgranges B. Binding in working memory and frontal lobe in normal aging: is there any similarity with autism? Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:90. [PMID: 25852510 PMCID: PMC4362406 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies highlight similarities between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and healthy aging. Indeed, the decline in older individuals’ ability to create a unified representation of the individual features of an event is thought to arise from a disruption of binding within the episodic buffer of working memory (WM) as the same way as observed in ASD. In both cases, this deficit may result from an abnormal engagement of a frontohippocampal network. The objective of the present study is to identify both cognitive processes and neural substrates associated with the deficit of binding in WM in healthy aging. We studied the capacity of binding and the cognitive processes that might subtend its decline in 72 healthy participants aged 18–84 years. We examined the behavioral data in relation to the changes in brain metabolism associated with the age-related decline in a subgroup of 34 healthy participants aged 20–77 years using the resting-state [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET). Forward stepwise regression analyses showed that the age-related decline in binding was partially explained by a decline in inhibition and processing speed. PET correlation analyses indicated that metabolism of the frontal regions, anterior and middle cingulate cortices is implicated in this phenomenon. These data suggest that executive functions and processing speed may play a crucial role in the capacity to integrate unified representations in memory in aging. Possible implications are discussed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Lecouvey
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Peggy Quinette
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France ; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bérengère Guillery-Girard
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Ahmed Abbas
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- INSERM, U1077 Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Caen, France ; UMR-S1077, Caen University Hospital Caen, France
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Marighetto A, Brayda-Bruno L, Etchamendy N. Studying the impact of aging on memory systems: contribution of two behavioral models in the mouse. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 10:67-89. [PMID: 21805395 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2011_151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present chapter, we describe our own attempts to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of memory in aging. First, we tried to improve animal models of memory degradations occurring in aging, and develop common behavioral tools between mice and humans. Second, we began to use these behavioral tools to identify the molecular/intracellular changes occurring within the integrate network of memory systems in order to bridge the gap between the molecular and system level of analysis. The chapter is divided into three parts (i) modeling aging-related degradation in declarative memory (DM) in mice, (ii) assessing the main components of working memory (WM) with a common radial-maze task in mice and humans and (iii) studying the role of the retinoid cellular signaling path in aging-related changes in memory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Marighetto
- Neurocentre Magendie-Inserm U862, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux-Cedex, France,
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Eustache F, Laisney M, Lalevée C, Pèlerin A, Perrotin A, Egret S, Chételat G, Desgranges B. Une nouvelle épreuve de mémoire épisodique : l’épreuve ESR-forme réduite (ESR-r), adaptée du paradigme ESR (encodage, stockage, récupération). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3917/rne.073.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Martinelli P, Sperduti M, Devauchelle AD, Kalenzaga S, Gallarda T, Lion S, Delhommeau M, Anssens A, Amado I, Meder JF, Krebs MO, Oppenheim C, Piolino P. Age-related changes in the functional network underlying specific and general autobiographical memory retrieval: a pivotal role for the anterior cingulate cortex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82385. [PMID: 24367516 PMCID: PMC3867357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in autobiographical memory (AM) recall are characterized by a decline in episodic details, while semantic aspects are spared. This deleterious effect is supposed to be mediated by an inefficient recruitment of executive processes during AM retrieval. To date, contrasting evidence has been reported on the neural underpinning of this decline, and none of the previous studies has directly compared the episodic and semantic aspects of AM in elderly. We asked 20 young and 17 older participants to recall specific and general autobiographical events (i.e., episodic and semantic AM) elicited by personalized cues while recording their brain activity by means of fMRI. At the behavioral level, we confirmed that the richness of episodic AM retrieval is specifically impoverished in aging and that this decline is related to the reduction of executive functions. At the neural level, in both age groups, we showed the recruitment of a large network during episodic AM retrieval encompassing prefrontal, cortical midline and posterior regions, and medial temporal structures, including the hippocampus. This network was very similar, but less extended, during semantic AM retrieval. Nevertheless, a greater activity was evidenced in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during episodic, compared to semantic AM retrieval in young participants, and a reversed pattern in the elderly. Moreover, activity in dACC during episodic AM retrieval was correlated with inhibition and richness of memories in both groups. Our findings shed light on the direct link between episodic AM retrieval, executive control, and their decline in aging, proposing a possible neuronal signature. They also suggest that increased activity in dACC during semantic AM retrieval in the elderly could be seen as a compensatory mechanism underpinning successful AM performance observed in aging. These results are discussed in the framework of recently proposed models of neural reorganization in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Martinelli
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Université Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marco Sperduti
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Université Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Devauchelle
- Department of Radiology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Kalenzaga
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Université Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Gallarda
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Psychiatric Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lion
- Department of Radiology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Marion Delhommeau
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Université Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Anssens
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Université Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Amado
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Psychiatric Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Jean François Meder
- Department of Radiology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Psychiatric Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Department of Radiology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition, Université Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France
- * E-mail:
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Hainselin M, Quinette P, Juskenaite A, Desgranges B, Martinaud O, de La Sayette V, Hannequin D, Viader F, Eustache F. Just do it! How performing an action enhances remembering in transient global amnesia. Cortex 2013; 50:192-9. [PMID: 24268322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of a massive episodic memory deficit that spares other cognitive functions. As such, it provides a unique human amnesia model for testing the enactment effect (i.e., better memory for performed actions than for verbally encoded sentences). Our main aim was to test whether the enactment effect is preserved in TGA patients, both to have a better understanding and to test the robustness of this effect in a massive amnesia. Object-action pairs were encoded under four conditions: verbal, experimenter-performed, and two enacted conditions (self-performed and self-performed with choice). We tested object-action pair retrieval using cued recall (CR) and recognition tasks, and source memory using a free recall task. We also assessed binding, executive functions, short-term memory, episodic memory, anxiety and mood. We run correlations to control for their putative effects on memory for action. Data were collected from 24 patients, 16 of whom were examined during the acute phase and eight the day-after, as well as from 18 healthy controls. The memory performances of the patients in the acute phase improved for both (i) the CR score, between the verbal, experimenter-performed and self-performed with choice conditions, and (ii) the total recognition score, between the verbal condition and the two enacted conditions. Correlations were found between self-performed task (SPT) enhancement and both the binding and anxiety. In spite of their severely impaired episodic memory, patients with TGA benefit from the enactment effect. These results are discussed in relation to the role of motor components and episodic integration in memory for actions. We suggest that enactment effect can be used in clinical practice and rehabilitation, possible even for patients with a massive memory impairment.
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Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual loss of memory. Specifically, context aspects of memory are impaired in AD. Our review sheds light on the neurocognitive mechanisms of this memory component that forms the core of episodic memory function. Summary Context recall, an element of episodic memory, refers to remembering the context in which an event has occurred, such as from whom or to whom information has been transmitted. Key Messages Our review raises crucial questions. For example, (1) which context element is more prone to being forgotten in the disease? (2) How do AD patients fail to bind context features together? (3) May distinctiveness heuristic or decisions based on metacognitive expectations improve context retrieval in these patients? (4) How does cueing at retrieval enhance reinstating of encoding context in AD? By addressing these questions, our work contributes to the understanding of the memory deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire Epsylon, EA 4556, Université Paul-Valery, Montpellier III, Montpellier, France ; Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (L'UNAM), Angers, France ; Neuropsychology and Auditory Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Lille 3, Lille, France
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Korsakoff Clinic, Venray, The Netherlands ; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Memory self-efficacy beliefs modulate brain activity when encoding real-world future intentions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73850. [PMID: 24019938 PMCID: PMC3760799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the use of different cognitive strategies when encoding episodic memory information has been extensively investigated, modulation of brain activity by memory self-efficacy beliefs has not been studied yet. Methodology/Principal Findings Sixteen young adults completed the prospective and retrospective metamemory questionnaire, providing individual subjective judgments of everyday memory function. The day after, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the participants had to memorize real-world intentions (e.g., return a book to the library), which were performed later on in a virtual environment. Participants also performed offline cognitive tasks evaluating executive functions, working memory, and attention. During encoding, activity was found in medial temporal lobe, left prefrontal cortex, medial parietal regions, occipital areas, and regions involved in (pre)motor processes. Based on results from the questionnaire, the group was split into low and high memory self-efficacy believers. Comparison of encoding-related brain activity between the 2 groups revealed that the low memory self-efficacy believers activated more the hippocampus bilaterally, right posterior parahippocampal cortex, precuneus, and left lateral temporal cortex. By contrast, more activity was found in dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus for the high-memory believers. In addition, the low-memory believers performed more poorly at feature binding and (at trend) manipulating visuospatial information in working memory. Conclusion/Significance Overall, these findings indicate that memory self-efficacy beliefs modulate brain activity during intentional encoding. Low memory self-efficacy believers activated more brain areas involved in visuospatial operations such as the hippocampus. Possibly, this increase reflects attempts to compensate for poor performance of certain neurocognitive processes, such as feature binding. By contrast, high-memory believers seemed to rely more on executive-like processes involved in cognitive control.
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Awareness of disease state without explicit knowledge of memory failure in transient global amnesia. Cortex 2012; 48:1079-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Picard L, Cousin S, Guillery-Girard B, Eustache F, Piolino P. How Do the Different Components of Episodic Memory Develop? Role of Executive Functions and Short-Term Feature-Binding Abilities. Child Dev 2012; 83:1037-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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El Haj M, Allain P. What do we know about the relationship between source monitoring deficits and executive dysfunction? Neuropsychol Rehabil 2012; 22:449-72. [PMID: 22324387 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2012.658267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In clinical neuropsychology, source monitoring deficits have been classically attributed to executive dysfunction. Nevertheless, in this review we identified only 16 papers that provided statistical data about the relationships between source monitoring and executive processes. Surprisingly, they reported either a total, partial or non-existent relationship between source monitoring and executive tasks. In order to understand and explain these contradictions, we classified the source and executive tasks of the 16 papers according to two well-accepted definitions. Source tasks were classified using the Source Monitoring Framework (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993 ) which specifies reality and external and internal source monitoring. Executive tasks were classified according to the model of Miyake Friedman, Emerson, Witzki, and Howerter (2000) which specifies complex, shifting, updating and inhibition tasks. We found that evaluation of reality and internal source monitoring was limited. Regarding executive functions, there was no assessment of updating and only a limited assessment of shifting and inhibition. Therefore, the relationship between source monitoring and executive functions remains an open question. Our findings point to the need for the simultaneous assessment of source monitoring and executive functions as defined by multidimensional theoretical frameworks. Such investigations would help in understanding the relationship between specific source monitoring deficits and specific executive decline in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA 2646, Université d'Angers, France.
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Fouquet M, Desgranges B, La Joie R, Rivière D, Mangin JF, Landeau B, Mézenge F, Pélerin A, de La Sayette V, Viader F, Baron JC, Eustache F, Chételat G. Role of hippocampal CA1 atrophy in memory encoding deficits in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neuroimage 2011; 59:3309-15. [PMID: 22119654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the specific substrates of memory deficits in early Alzheimer's disease would help to develop clinically-relevant therapies. The present study assesses the relationships between encoding versus retrieval deficits in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and atrophy specifically within the hippocampus and throughout the white matter. Twenty-two aMCI patients underwent T1-weighted MRI scans and neuropsychological testing. Grey matter and white matter segments obtained from the MRI images were each entered in correlation analyses, assessed only in the hippocampus for grey matter segments, with encoding and retrieval memory performances. For the grey matter segments, the resulting spmT correlation maps were then superimposed onto a 3D surface view of the hippocampus to identify the relative involvement of the different subfields, a method already used and validated elsewhere. Memory encoding deficits specifically correlated with CA1 subfield atrophy, while no relationship was found with white matter atrophy. In contrast, retrieval deficits were weakly related to hippocampal atrophy and did not involve a particular subfield, while they strongly correlated with loss of white matter, specifically in medial parietal and frontal areas. In aMCI patients, encoding impairment appears specifically related to atrophy of the CA1 hippocampal subfield, consistent with the predominance of encoding deficits and CA1 atrophy in aMCI. In contrast, episodic retrieval deficits seem to be underlain by more distributed tissue losses, consistent with a disruption of a hippocampo-parieto-frontal network.
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Gonneaud J, Kalpouzos G, Bon L, Viader F, Eustache F, Desgranges B. Distinct and shared cognitive functions mediate event- and time-based prospective memory impairment in normal ageing. Memory 2011; 19:360-77. [PMID: 21678154 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2011.570765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform an action at a specific point in the future. Regarded as multidimensional, PM involves several cognitive functions that are known to be impaired in normal ageing. In the present study we set out to investigate the cognitive correlates of PM impairment in normal ageing. Manipulating cognitive load, we assessed event- and time-based PM, as well as several cognitive functions, including executive functions, working memory, and retrospective episodic memory, in healthy participants covering the entire adulthood. We found that normal ageing was characterised by PM decline in all conditions and that event-based PM was more sensitive to the effects of ageing than time-based PM. Whatever the conditions, PM was linked to inhibition and processing speed. However, while event-based PM was mainly mediated by binding and retrospective memory processes, time-based PM was mainly related to inhibition. The only distinction between high- and low-load PM cognitive correlates lies in an additional, but marginal, correlation between updating and the high-load PM condition. The association of distinct cognitive functions, as well as shared mechanisms with event- and time-based PM, confirm that each type of PM relies on a different set of processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gonneaud
- Inserm-EPHE-Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
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Exploring the roles of the executive and short-term feature-binding functions in retrieval of retrograde autobiographical memories in severe traumatic brain injury. Cortex 2011; 47:771-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hainselin M, Quinette P, Desgranges B, Martinaud O, Hannequin D, de La Sayette V, Viader F, Eustache F. Can we remember future actions yet forget the last two minutes? Study in transient global amnesia. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 23:4138-49. [PMID: 21671732 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of a massive episodic memory deficit that spares other cognitive functions. If the anterograde dimension is known to be impaired in TGA, researchers have yet to investigate prospective memory (PM)--which involves remembering to perform an intended action at some point in the future--in this syndrome. Furthermore, as executive functions are thought to be spared in this syndrome, TGA provides an opportunity to examine the impact of a massive "pure" memory impairment on PM. We assessed 38 patients with a newly designed protocol that distinguished between the prospective (remembering to do something at the appropriate time) and retrospective (remembering what has to be done) components of PM. Moreover, we investigated episodic memory with an anterograde memory task and assessed executive functions, anxiety and mood, as well as their links with PM. We demonstrated that PM is impaired during TGA, with a greater deficit for the retrospective component than for the prospective component. Furthermore, we highlighted a strong link between these two components. Anterograde episodic memory impairments were correlated with retrospective component deficits in TGA patients, although we were able to confirm that executive functions are globally spared. We discuss this pattern of results within the theoretical framework of PM, putting forward new arguments in favor of the idea that PM deficits can occur mainly because of a massive anterograde memory deficit. The clinical consequences of PM impairment in TGA are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Hainselin
- 1INSERM U923, EPHE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Centre Hospitalier de Caen
| | - Peggy Quinette
- 1INSERM U923, EPHE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Centre Hospitalier de Caen
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- 1INSERM U923, EPHE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Centre Hospitalier de Caen
| | | | | | | | - Fausto Viader
- 1INSERM U923, EPHE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Centre Hospitalier de Caen
| | - Francis Eustache
- 1INSERM U923, EPHE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Centre Hospitalier de Caen
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Evidence for functional specialization of hippocampal subfields detected by MR subfield volumetry on high resolution images at 4 T. Neuroimage 2011; 56:851-7. [PMID: 21419225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest an involvement of CA3 and dentate gyrus (CA3&DG) in memory encoding and early retrieval and an involvement of CA1 in late retrieval, consolidation and recognition. The aim of this study was to test if similar associations could be found between hippocampal subfield volumes measured in vivo using a manual parcellation scheme and selected scores of the California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLTII): total immediate free recall discriminability (IFRD), short free recall discriminability (SFRD), and delayed recall discriminability (DRD). 50 elderly subjects (25 controls and 25 cognitively impaired subjects) had CVLTII and high resolution hippocampal MRI at 4T. Entorhinal cortex, subiculum, CA1, CA1-CA2 transition zone, and CA3&DG were manually marked on five slices in the anterior hippocampal body on the MRI. Pearson correlations followed by stepwise regression analysis were used to test for associations between subfield volumes and CVLTII. IFRD and SFRD, which are measures of encoding/early retrieval, were associated with CA3&DG, and DRD, which measures consolidation/late retrieval, with CA1. These preliminary findings demonstrate that subfield volumetry has the potential to study non invasively subfield specific memory functions.
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35
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Tudesco IDSS, Vaz LJ, Mantoan MAS, Belzunces E, Noffs MH, Caboclo LOSF, Yacubian EMT, Sakamoto AC, Bueno OFA. Assessment of working memory in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 18:223-8. [PMID: 20547107 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether working memory is impaired in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), a controversial and largely unexplored matter. METHODS Twenty subjects with left MTLE-HS, 19 with right MTLE-HS, and 21 control right-handed subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment of episodic and semantic memory, executive functions, and specific working memory components. RESULTS Left and right epileptogenic foci resulted in impairment of verbal and nonverbal episodic memory (verbal memory deficit greater in left MTLE-HS than in right MTLE-HS). In addition, patients with left MTLE-HS were impaired in learning paired associates, verbal fluency, and Trail Making. No differences were seen in the tests carried out to evaluate the working memory components (except visuospatial short-term memory in right MTLE-HS). CONCLUSION In this study we did not detect reliable working memory impairment in patients with MTLE-HS with either a left or right focus in most tasks considered as tests of working memory components.
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Luck D, Danion JM, Marrer C, Pham BT, Gounot D, Foucher J. The right parahippocampal gyrus contributes to the formation and maintenance of bound information in working memory. Brain Cogn 2010; 72:255-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Huntley JD, Howard RJ. Working memory in early Alzheimer's disease: a neuropsychological review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 25:121-32. [PMID: 19672843 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of the extent of working memory (WM) impairment in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been inconsistent. Using the model of WM proposed by Baddeley, neuropsychological evidence for the impairment of WM in early AD is evaluated. METHOD Literature searches were performed using Medline, PsycINFO and Embase databases. Individual papers were then examined for additional references not revealed by computerised searches. RESULTS Phonological loop function is intact at the preclinical and early stages of AD, becoming more impaired as the disease progresses. In mild AD, there is impairment on tasks assessing visuospatial sketchpad (VSS) function; however, these tasks also require executive processing by the central executive system (CES). There is evidence that the CES is impaired in mild AD and may be affected in the earlier preclinical stage of the disease. Episodic buffer function may be impaired but further research is required. CONCLUSIONS Future research into central executive functioning at the earliest stages of the disease, combined with further longitudinal studies, needs to be carried out. Tasks to assess the proposed functions of the episodic buffer and specific tests of the VSS suitable for AD subjects need to be developed and validated. Learning more about these processes and how they are affected in AD is important in understanding and managing the cognitive deficits seen in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Huntley
- Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
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Piolino P, Coste C, Martinelli P, Macé AL, Quinette P, Guillery-Girard B, Belleville S. Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory and aging: do the executive and feature binding functions of working memory have a role? Neuropsychologia 2009; 48:429-40. [PMID: 19804792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is built up from various kinds of knowledge, from general to specific, via generative processes. Aging seems to particularly affect the episodic autobiographical information while preserving information that is more semantic. However, the mechanism of this deficit has not yet been thoroughly tested in relation to working memory. This study is designed to investigate, in a group of 100 subjects, the relationships between age, accessibility to different levels of AM specificity, and two main components of working memory: the central executive and the episodic buffer. We used a new task composed of four embedded verbal autobiographical fluencies (VAF) - from low to highest specificity levels - exploring lifetime periods, general events, specific events, and details, plus tasks exploring free recall of episodic AM and updating, shifting, inhibition, and feature binding in working memory. The results demonstrate that age-related difficulties increase with level of specificity of autobiographical knowledge, i.e., from semantic to episodic aspects. Moreover, regression analyses mainly show that increase in age-related deficit with level of specificity of AM is largely mediated by performance on executive functions (updating and inhibition) and to a lesser extent feature binding in working memory. The results confirm in episodic AM the executive/working memory aging hypothesis, and for the first time highlight the role of episodic buffer in associating the various different details of specific events that elicit the conscious recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Piolino
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut de Psychologie, Paris, France.
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Schmidt-Wilcke T, Poljansky S, Hierlmeier S, Hausner J, Ibach B. Memory performance correlates with gray matter density in the ento-/perirhinal cortex and posterior hippocampus in patients with mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls — A voxel based morphometry study. Neuroimage 2009; 47:1914-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Jäger T, Bäzner H, Kliegel M, Szabo K, Hennerici MG. The transience and nature of cognitive impairments in transient global amnesia: a meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2009; 31:8-19. [PMID: 18608660 DOI: 10.1080/13803390801955193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of severe amnesia without concomitant focal neurological symptoms. This meta-analysis of the cognitive characteristics of TGA addressed two main issues. First, we examined the hypothesis that the acute phase of TGA is associated with changes of anterograde and retrograde episodic long-term memory sparing semantic and short-term memory, while we had no clear prediction for potential reductions of executive functions due to the relative lack of previous studies addressing this issue. Second, we analyzed the time-course of changes in cognitive functions throughout three time intervals--acute (0-24 hours after TGA onset), postacute (24 hours to 5 days), and long-term phase (5-30 days)--to reveal whether there is a fast versus a delayed recovery. The results of the meta-analysis on 152 effect sizes from 25 studies showed that TGA is characterized by an extraordinarily large reduction of anterograde (d* = 1.89) and a somewhat milder reduction of retrograde (d* = 1.28) episodic long-term memory. Moreover, our results indicate the existence of additional, nonamnestic cognitive changes during TGA, because executive functions were also diminished (d* = 0.79). Reductions in both anterograde episodic long-term memory and executive function recover slowly, as slightly poorer performance in these cognitive domains can be found in the postacute phase (d*s = 0.32 and 0.44). All cognitive diminutions resolved within the long-term phase, by this calling into question previous reports of poorer performance of TGA patients relative to comparison subjects weeks or months after the attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Jäger
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is not significantly correlated to Transient Global Amnesia: Preliminary results of an on-going study in Brescia Province, Italy. Neurosci Lett 2008; 443:228-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Noël A, Quinette P, Guillery-Girard B, Dayan J, Piolino P, Marquis S, de la Sayette V, Viader F, Desgranges B, Eustache F. Psychopathological factors, memory disorders and transient global amnesia. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 193:145-51. [PMID: 18670000 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown the presence of psychopathological disorders in transient global amnesia. AIMS To determine whether transient global amnesia is associated with psychopathological disorders and to assess the influence of these psychopathological disorders on memory impairments. METHOD Levels of anxiety and depression before and during transient global amnesia were rated. Memory performances were assessed by means of original episodic memory tasks and working memory tasks. These data were collected in 17 individuals observed during the very acute phase, 18 individuals examined in the peri-acute phase and 26 controls. RESULTS During the acute phase, participants with transient global amnesia displayed a higher level of anxiety and a more depressed mood than controls. An alteration of emotional state, as measured by the Adjective Mood Scale, was correlated with deficits in anterograde memory. CONCLUSIONS Transient global amnesia comprises sudden changes in people's emotional state, which has a major impact on and interacts with episodic memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Noël
- Inserm, EPHE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
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Eustache F, Desgranges B. MNESIS: towards the integration of current multisystem models of memory. Neuropsychol Rev 2008; 18:53-69. [PMID: 18311523 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-008-9052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
After a brief description of the "diseases of memory" which have made the greatest contribution to theoretical developments in the past years, we turn our attention to the most important concepts to have arisen from the dissociations brought to light in different neuropsychological syndromes. This is followed by a critical review of the tasks currently used to assess each memory system. We then describe the monohierarchical model proposed by E. Tulving (Philos Trans R Soc Lond, B, Biol, Sci, 356:1505-1515, 2001), together with other recent concepts, notably Baddeley's model of working memory with its latest component, the episodic buffer. Lastly, we attempt to reconcile these models with several other theoretical propositions, which we have linked together in a macromodel--the Memory NEo-Structural Inter-Systemic model (MNESIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Eustache
- U923, GIP Cyceron, Inserm-EPHE-Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Inserm U923, Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France.
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Rudner M, Rönnberg J. The role of the episodic buffer in working memory for language processing. Cogn Process 2007; 9:19-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10339-007-0183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pitel AL, Beaunieux H, Witkowski T, Vabret F, Guillery-Girard B, Quinette P, Desgranges B, Eustache F. Genuine episodic memory deficits and executive dysfunctions in alcoholic subjects early in abstinence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:1169-78. [PMID: 17511749 PMCID: PMC2895973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcoholism is known to impair episodic memory function, but the specific nature of this impairment is still unclear. Moreover, it has never been established whether episodic memory deficit in alcoholism is an intrinsic memory deficit or whether it has an executive origin. Thus, the objectives are to specify which episodic memory processes are impaired early in abstinence from alcohol and to determine whether they should be regarded as genuine memory deficits or rather as the indirect consequences of executive impairments. METHODS Forty recently detoxified alcoholic inpatients at alcohol entry treatment and 55 group-matched controls underwent a neuropsychological assessment of episodic memory and executive functions. The episodic memory evaluation consisted of 3 tasks complementing each other designed to measure the different episodic memory components (learning, storage, encoding and retrieval, contextual memory, and autonoetic consciousness) and 5 executive tasks testing capacities of organization, inhibition, flexibility, updating, and integration. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, alcoholic patients presented impaired learning abilities, encoding processes, retrieval processes, contextual memory and autonoetic consciousness. However, there was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the storage capacities assessed by the rate of forgetting. Concerning executive functions, alcoholic subjects displayed deficits in each executive task used. Nevertheless, stepwise regression analyses showed that only performances on fluency tasks were significantly predictive of some of the episodic memory disorders (learning abilities for 40%, encoding processes for 20%, temporal memory for 21%, and state of consciousness associated with memories for 26%) in the alcoholic group. DISCUSSION At alcohol treatment entry, alcoholic patients present genuine episodic memory deficits that cannot be regarded solely as the consequences of executive dysfunctions. These results are in accordance with neuroimaging findings showing hippocampal atrophy. Moreover, given the involvement of episodic memory and executive functions in alcohol treatment, these data could have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Pitel
- Inserm EPHE Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité E0218, GIP Cyceron, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
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Pitel AL, Witkowski T, Vabret F, Guillery-Girard B, Desgranges B, Eustache F, Beaunieux H. Effect of Episodic and Working Memory Impairments on Semantic and Cognitive Procedural Learning at Alcohol Treatment Entry. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:238-48. [PMID: 17250615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcoholism is known to impair the functioning of episodic and working memory, which may consequently reduce the ability to learn complex novel information. Nevertheless, semantic and cognitive procedural learning have not been properly explored at alcohol treatment entry, despite its potential clinical relevance. The goal of the present study was therefore to determine whether alcoholic patients, immediately after the weaning phase, are cognitively able to acquire complex new knowledge, given their episodic and working memory deficits. METHODS Twenty alcoholic inpatients with episodic memory and working memory deficits at alcohol treatment entry and a control group of 20 healthy subjects underwent a protocol of semantic acquisition and cognitive procedural learning. The semantic learning task consisted of the acquisition of 10 novel concepts, while subjects were administered the Tower of Toronto task to measure cognitive procedural learning. RESULTS Analyses showed that although alcoholic subjects were able to acquire the category and features of the semantic concepts, albeit slowly, they presented impaired label learning. In the control group, executive functions and episodic memory predicted semantic learning in the first and second halves of the protocol, respectively. In addition to the cognitive processes involved in the learning strategies invoked by controls, alcoholic subjects seem to attempt to compensate for their impaired cognitive functions, invoking capacities of short-term passive storage. Regarding cognitive procedural learning, although the patients eventually achieved the same results as the controls, they failed to automate the procedure. Contrary to the control group, the alcoholic groups' learning performance was predicted by controlled cognitive functions throughout the protocol. CONCLUSION At alcohol treatment entry, alcoholic patients with neuropsychological deficits have difficulty acquiring novel semantic and cognitive procedural knowledge. Compared with controls, they seem to use more costly learning strategies, which are nonetheless less efficient. These learning disabilities need to be considered when treatment requiring the acquisition of complex novel information is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Pitel
- Inserm-EPHE-Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité; E0218, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen Cedex, France
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Matuszewski V, Piolino P, de la Sayette V, Lalevée C, Pélerin A, Dupuy B, Viader F, Eustache F, Desgranges B. Retrieval mechanisms for autobiographical memories: Insights from the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia 2006; 44:2386-97. [PMID: 16780900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Very few studies have investigated autobiographical memory in the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia (fv-FTD). The aim of this study was therefore to unravel the mechanisms of autobiographical memory disruption in general and in the anterograde and retrograde components of amnesia in particular, in patients suffering from fv-FTD. An autobiographical memory task assessing overall (AM) and strictly episodic memories (EM) from five lifetime periods covering the entire lifespan revealed the absence of a temporal gradient for both scores, suggesting the existence of a retrieval deficit. An analysis of the correlation between these two scores and a general cognitive assessment of executive function, working, episodic (i.e. new learning ability) and semantic memory, and behavioural changes highlighted the considerable involvement of executive function, semantic memory and, to a lesser degree, episodic memory and behavioural changes. Moreover, step-wise regression analyses performed on the EM score revealed that the executive function was a better predictor of the retrograde component than of the anterograde component, which was linked principally to new episodic learning ability. All these results confirm the impact of executive dysfunction on autobiographical deficits in fv-FTD, and suggest that the mechanisms at the root of autobiographical memory disruption may also involve difficulties in new episodic learning and semantic storage, though this may be due to the fact that we studied an advanced form of fv-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Matuszewski
- Inserm-EPHE-Université de Caen, Unité E0218, GIP Cyceron, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
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