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Rangus I, Rios AS, Horn A, Fritsch M, Khalil A, Villringer K, Udke B, Ihrke M, Grittner U, Galinovic I, Al-Fatly B, Endres M, Kufner A, Nolte CH. Fronto-thalamic networks and the left ventral thalamic nuclei play a key role in aphasia after thalamic stroke. Commun Biol 2024; 7:700. [PMID: 38849518 PMCID: PMC11161613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thalamic aphasia results from focal thalamic lesions that cause dysfunction of remote but functionally connected cortical areas due to language network perturbation. However, specific local and network-level neural substrates of thalamic aphasia remain incompletely understood. Using lesion symptom mapping, we demonstrate that lesions in the left ventrolateral and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus are most strongly associated with aphasia in general and with impaired semantic and phonemic fluency and complex comprehension in particular. Lesion network mapping (using a normative connectome based on fMRI data from 1000 healthy individuals) reveals a Thalamic aphasia network encompassing widespread left-hemispheric cerebral connections, with Broca's area showing the strongest associations, followed by the superior and middle frontal gyri, precentral and paracingulate gyri, and globus pallidus. Our results imply the critical involvement of the left ventrolateral and left ventral anterior thalamic nuclei in engaging left frontal cortical areas, especially Broca's area, during language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rangus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ana Sofia Rios
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit experimenteller Neurologie, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Merve Fritsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kersten Villringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Udke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Ihrke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biometrie und klinische Epidemiologie, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivana Galinovic
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bassam Al-Fatly
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit experimenteller Neurologie, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislauferkrankungen, DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Kufner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislauferkrankungen, DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ruffini C, Osmani F, Bigozzi L, Pecini C. Semantic fluency in 3-6 years old preschoolers: which executive functions? Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:563-581. [PMID: 37401450 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2230637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Semantic Fluency (SF) increases with age, along with the lexicon and the strategies to access it. Among the cognitive processes involved in controlling lexical access, Executive Functions (EF) play an essential role. Nevertheless, which EF, namely inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, are specifically tapped by SF during preschool years, when these basic EF components are developing and differentiating, is still unknown. The study had a two-fold aim: 1. to analyze in preschoolers the role of EF basic components on SF; 2. to investigate if EF mediated the effect of age on SF. A total of 296 typically developing preschoolers (M age = 57.86; SD = 9.91; month range = 33-74) were assessed with an SF task and EF tasks measuring the main EF basic components. Results showed that during preschool, response inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were significant predictors of SF, explaining 27% of its variance. Moreover, the effect of age on the SF task performance correlated with the improvement of these EF components. This study supports the importance of considering cognitive control processes in 3-6 year-old preschoolers as they underline important competencies for the child's development, such as the ability to quickly access vocabulary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ruffini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fatbardha Osmani
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lucia Bigozzi
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Pecini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Villalobos D, Torres-Simón L, Pacios J, Paúl N, Del Río D. A Systematic Review of Normative Data for Verbal Fluency Test in Different Languages. Neuropsychol Rev 2023; 33:733-764. [PMID: 36098929 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Verbal fluency tests are easy and quick to use in neuropsychological assessments, so they have been counted among the most classical tools in this context. To date, several normative data for verbal fluency tests have been provided in different languages and countries. A systematic review was carried out with studies that provide normative data for verbal fluency tests. Studies were collected from Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. 183 studies were retrieved from the database search, of which 73 finally met the inclusion criteria. An analysis of the risk of bias regarding samples selection/characterization and procedure/results reports is conducted for each article. Finally, a full description of the normative data characteristics, considering country and language, verbal fluency task characteristics (type of task) and sample characteristics (number of subjects, gender, age, education) is included. The current systematic review provides an overview and analysis of internationally published normative data that might help clinicians in their search for valid and useful norms on verbal fluency tasks, as well as updated information about qualitative aspects of the different options currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Villalobos
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Cardenal Cisneros University Center, Alcalá de Henares University. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- European Neuroscience Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Torres-Simón
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pacios
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Paúl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Del Río
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Hasnain F, Herran RM, Henning SC, Ditmars AM, Pisoni DB, Sehgal ST, Kronenberger WG. Verbal Fluency in Prelingually Deaf, Early Implanted Children and Adolescents With Cochlear Implants. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:1394-1409. [PMID: 36857026 PMCID: PMC10457083 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Verbal fluency tasks assess the ability to quickly and efficiently retrieve words from the mental lexicon by requiring subjects to rapidly generate words within a phonological or semantic category. This study investigated differences between cochlear implant users and normal-hearing peers in the clustering and time course of word retrieval during phonological and semantic verbal fluency tasks. METHOD Twenty-eight children and adolescents (aged 9-17 years) with cochlear implants and 33 normal-hearing peers completed measures of verbal fluency, nonverbal intelligence, speech perception, and verbal short-term/working memory. Phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests were scored for total words generated, words generated in each 10-s interval of the 1-min task, latency to first word generated, number of word clusters, average cluster size, and number of word/cluster switches. RESULTS Children and adolescents with cochlear implants generated fewer words than normal-hearing peers throughout the entire 60-s time interval of the phonological and semantic fluency tasks. Cochlear implant users also had slower start latency times and produced fewer clusters and switches than normal-hearing peers during the phonological fluency task. Speech perception and verbal working memory scores were more strongly associated with verbal fluency scores in children and adolescents with cochlear implants than in normal-hearing peers. CONCLUSIONS Cochlear implant users show poorer phonological and semantic verbal fluency than normal-hearing peers, and their verbal fluency is significantly associated with speech perception and verbal working memory. These findings suggest deficits in fluent retrieval of phonological and semantic information from long-term lexical memory in cochlear implant users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Hasnain
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Reid M. Herran
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Shirley C. Henning
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Allison M. Ditmars
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - David B. Pisoni
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Susan T. Sehgal
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - William G. Kronenberger
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Park J, Yoo YR, Lim Y, Sung JE. Phonological and semantic strategies in a letter fluency task for people with Alzheimer's disease. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1053272. [PMID: 36591070 PMCID: PMC9796995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1053272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated whether employing a phonological or semantic strategy elicited a better performance on a letter fluency task for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Sixty participants with probable AD were extracted from the DementiaBank database. After applying exclusion criteria, 47 participants were included in the final analysis. We used phonological and semantic strategies to analyze participants' responses to the letter fluency task. The phonological strategy analysis was based on the number of switches and the mean cluster size, and the semantic strategy analysis was based on semantic relatedness, which quantified word-similarity change by adapting the concept of persistence length from analyses of DNA and protein structures. We employed Pearson correlation coefficients to determine whether any strategy indexes were significantly related to the number of correct responses and used stepwise multiple regression analyses to determine the best predictor. Results Participants who relied on phonological strategy performed better on the letter fluency task. The number of correct responses was significantly positively correlated with phonological strategy but significantly negatively correlated with semantic strategy. The number of switches, mean cluster size, and semantic relatedness were all significant predictors, explaining 68.1% of the variance. Conclusion Our results suggested that individuals with AD who engaged in phonological strategy performed better on the letter fluency task than those who relied on semantic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Rin Yoo
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseob Lim
- The Center for Intelligent and Interactive Robotics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of HY-KIST Bio-Convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Sung
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Jee Eun Sung,
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Schmidt LFS, Rodrigues JDC, Bandeira DR, Salles JFD. Validity evidence for the Cognitive Screening Test in Stroke Patients. PSICO-USF 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Cognitive deficits are common among post-stroke patients. Cognitive impairments of this sort are mediated by age and education. In Brazil, the only specific cognitive screening tool designed for post-stroke patients is the Cognitive Screening Test (Triagem Cognitiva - TRIACOG). The goal of this study was to investigate validity evidence related to external variables for the TRIACOG. Our sample included 153 adults and elderly people (M = 60.08, SD = 9.61) from Porto Alegre and metropolitan area, comprising 87 post-stroke patients and 66 healthy individuals. Three-way ANOVAs were used to assess main effects and interactions between the variables group (clinical/control), age and education. An influence of group and age on scores in the TRIACOG was found. We emphasize the relevance of these results to the selection of cut-off points for the tasks and cognitive functions assessed by the instrument, considering education and age, so as to allow more accurate identification of deficits in post-stroke patients.
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Wießner I, Olivieri R, Falchi M, Palhano-Fontes F, Oliveira Maia L, Feilding A, B Araujo D, Ribeiro S, Tófoli LF. LSD, afterglow and hangover: Increased episodic memory and verbal fluency, decreased cognitive flexibility. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 58:7-19. [PMID: 35158230 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychedelics acutely impair cognitive functions, but these impairments decline with growing experiences with psychedelics and microdoses may even exert opposing effects. Given the recent evidence that psychedelics induce neuroplasticity, this explorative study aimed at investigating the potential of psychedelics to sub-acutely change cognition. For this, we applied a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with 24 healthy volunteers receiving 50 μg lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or an inactive placebo. Sub-acute changes in cognition were measured 24 h after dosing, including memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, ROCF; 2D Object-Location Memory Task, OLMT; Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT), verbal fluency (phonological; semantic; switch), design fluency (basic; filter; switch), cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST), sustained and switching attention (Trail Making Test, TMT), inhibitory control (Stroop Task) and perceptual reasoning (Block Design Test, BDT). The results show that when compared to placebo and corrected for Body Mass Index (BMI) and abstinence period from psychedelics, LSD sub-acutely improved visuospatial memory (ROCF immediate recall points and percentage, OLMT consolidation percentage) and phonological verbal fluency and impaired cognitive flexibility (WCST: fewer categories achieved; more perseveration, errors and conceptual level responses). In conclusion, the low dose of LSD moderately induced both "afterglow" and "hangover". The improvements in visuospatial memory and phonological fluency suggest that LSD-assisted therapy should be explored as a novel treatment perspective in conditions involving memory and language declines such as brain injury, stroke or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wießner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo Olivieri
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palhano-Fontes
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Oliveira Maia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Feilding
- The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Draulio B Araujo
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Tófoli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Schumacher R, Halai AD, Lambon Ralph MA. Assessing executive functions in post-stroke aphasia-utility of verbally based tests. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac107. [PMID: 35602650 PMCID: PMC9118101 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that, often, patients with post-stroke aphasia not only have language impairments but also deficits in other cognitive domains (e.g. executive functions) that influence recovery and response to therapy. Many assessments of executive functions are verbally based and therefore usually not administered in this patient group. However, the performance of patients with aphasia in such tests might provide valuable insights both from a theoretical and clinical perspective. We aimed to elucidate (i) if verbal executive tests measure anything beyond the language impairment in patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia, (ii) how performance in such tests relates to performance in language tests and nonverbal cognitive functions, and (iii) the neural correlates associated with performance in verbal executive tests. In this observational study, three commonly used verbal executive tests were administered to a sample of patients with varying aphasia severity. Their performance in these tests was explored by means of principal component analyses, and the relationships with a broad range of background tests regarding their language and nonverbal cognitive functions were elucidated with correlation analyses. Furthermore, lesion analyses were performed to explore brain-behaviour relationships. In a sample of 32 participants, we found that: (i) a substantial number of patients with aphasia were able to perform the verbal executive tests; (ii) variance in performance was not explained by the severity of an individual's overall language impairment alone but was related to two independent behavioural principal components per test; (iii) not all aspects of performance were related to the patient's language abilities; and (iv) all components were associated with separate neural correlates, some overlapping partly in frontal and parietal regions. Our findings extend our clinical and theoretical understanding of dysfunctions beyond language in patients with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Schumacher
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ajay D. Halai
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
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Marques PDN, Oliveira RM, Correa J. Contributions of executive functions and linguistic skills to verbal fluency in children. Child Neuropsychol 2022; 28:1031-1051. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2042502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila do Nascimento Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rosinda Martins Oliveira
- Departamento de Psicometria, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jane Correa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Barzilay JI, Ghosh A, Busui RP, Ahmann A, Balasubramanyam A, Banerji MA, Cohen RM, Green J, Ismail-Beigi F, Martin CL, Seaquist E, Luchsinger JA. The cross-sectional association of cognition with diabetic peripheral and autonomic neuropathy-The GRADE study. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:108047. [PMID: 34556408 PMCID: PMC8608739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies examining whether measures of cognition are related to the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and/or cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) are lacking, as are data regarding factors potentially explaining such associations. METHODS Participants were from the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes Study (GRADE) that examined 5047 middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes of <10 years of known duration. Verbal learning and immediate and delayed recall (memory) were assessed with the Spanish English Verbal Learning Test; frontal executive function and processing speed with the Digit Symbol Substitution Test; and ability to concentrate and organize data with word and animal fluency tests. DPN was assessed with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument and CAN by indices of heart rate variability (standard deviation of normal beat to beat variation [SDNN] and root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]). RESULTS DPN was significantly inversely related to measures of immediate recall and processing speed. The percent of cognitive variation explained by DPN was small. Tests of CAN had an inconsistent or absent association with measures of cognition. Higher waist circumference and urine albumin creatinine (UACR) levels were the strongest correlates in the relationship between DPN and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION DPN, but not CAN, was cross-sectionally associated with lower performance in measures of cognition in people with type 2 diabetes of <10 years of known duration. Greater waist circumference and UACR were important variables in this association. The mechanisms underlying the cross-sectional association of DPN with cognitive impairment are unknown. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01794143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Barzilay
- Division of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia and the Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Alokananda Ghosh
- The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Rodica Pop Busui
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Ahmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Banerji
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert M Cohen
- Division of, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Green
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Division of Endocrinology, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Catherine L Martin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Seaquist
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - José A Luchsinger
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, New York, NY, United States of America
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Martin S, Saur D, Hartwigsen G. Age-Dependent Contribution of Domain-General Networks to Semantic Cognition. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:870-890. [PMID: 34464442 PMCID: PMC8841593 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline of cognitive control. In semantic cognition, this leads to the paradox that older adults usually show poorer task performance than young adults despite their greater semantic knowledge. So far, the underlying neural changes of these behavioral differences are poorly understood. In the current neuroimaging study, we investigated the interaction of domain-specific and domain-general networks during verbal semantic fluency in young and older adults. Across age groups, task processing was characterized by a strong positive integration within the multiple-demand as well as between the multiple-demand and the default mode network during semantic fluency. However, the behavioral relevance of strengthened connectivity differed between groups: While within-network functional connectivity in both networks predicted greater efficiency in semantic fluency in young adults, it was associated with slower performance in older adults. Moreover, only young adults profited from connectivity between networks for their semantic memory performance. Our results suggest that the functional coupling of usually anticorrelated networks is critical for successful task processing, independent of age, when access to semantic memory is required. Furthermore, our findings lend novel support to the notion of reduced efficiency in the aging brain due to neural dedifferentiation in semantic cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Saur
- Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Biesbroek JM, Lim JS, Weaver NA, Arikan G, Kang Y, Kim BJ, Kuijf HJ, Postma A, Lee BC, Lee KJ, Yu KH, Bae HJ, Biessels GJ. Anatomy of phonemic and semantic fluency: A lesion and disconnectome study in 1231 stroke patients. Cortex 2021; 143:148-163. [PMID: 34450565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of semantic and phonemic fluency are common after brain damage, as a manifestation of language, executive, or memory dysfunction. Lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) studies can provide fundamental insights in shared and distinct anatomical correlates of these cognitive functions and help to understand which patients suffer from these deficits. We performed a multivariate support vector regression-based lesion-symptom mapping and structural disconnection study on semantic and phonemic fluency in 1231 patients with acute ischemic stroke. With the largest-ever LSM study on verbal fluency we achieved almost complete brain lesion coverage. Lower performance on both fluency types was related to left hemispheric frontotemporal and parietal cortical regions, and subcortical regions centering on the left thalamus. Distinct correlates for phonemic fluency were the anterior divisions of middle and inferior frontal gyri. Distinct correlates for semantic fluency were the posterior regions of the middle and inferior temporal gyri, parahippocampal and fusiform gyri and triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. The disconnectome-based analyses additionally revealed phonemic fluency was associated with a more extensive frontoparietal white matter network, whereas semantic fluency was associated with disconnection of the fornix, mesiotemporal white matter, splenium of the corpus callosum. These results provide the most detailed outline of the anatomical correlates of phonemic and semantic fluency to date, stress the crucial role of subcortical regions and reveal a novel dissociation in the left temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthijs Biesbroek
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jae-Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nick A Weaver
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gozdem Arikan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yeonwook Kang
- Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugo J Kuijf
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Kaskikallio A, Karrasch M, Koikkalainen J, Lötjönen J, Rinne JO, Tuokkola T, Parkkola R, Grönholm-Nyman P. Effects of White Matter Hyperintensities on Verbal Fluency in Healthy Older Adults and MCI/AD. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:614809. [PMID: 34025385 PMCID: PMC8134546 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.614809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are markers for cerebrovascular pathology, which are frequently seen in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Verbal fluency is often impaired especially in AD, but little research has been conducted concerning the specific effects of WMH on verbal fluency in MCI and AD. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine the relationship between WMH and verbal fluency in healthy old age and pathological aging (MCI/AD) using quantified MRI data. METHODS Measures for semantic and phonemic fluency as well as quantified MRI imaging data from a sample of 42 cognitively healthy older adults and 44 patients with MCI/AD (total n = 86) were utilized. Analyses were performed both using the total sample that contained seven left-handed/ambidextrous participants, as well with a sample containing only right-handed participants (n = 79) in order to guard against possible confounding effects regarding language lateralization. RESULTS After controlling for age and education and adjusting for multiple correction, WMH in the bilateral frontal and parieto-occipital areas as well as the right temporal area were associated with semantic fluency in cognitively healthy and MCI/AD patients but only in the models containing solely right-handed participants. CONCLUSION The results indicate that white matter pathology in both frontal and parieto-occipital cerebral areas may have associations with impaired semantic fluency in right-handed older adults. However, elevated levels of WMH do not seem to be associated with cumulative effects on verbal fluency impairment in patients with MCI or AD. Further studies on the subject are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alar Kaskikallio
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mira Karrasch
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Juha O. Rinne
- Turku PET-Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Cochar-Soares N, de Carvalho DHT, de Andrade FB, Castro-Costa E, de Oliveira C, Lima-Costa MF, Alexandre TDS. Does undiagnosed diabetes mitigate the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment? Findings from the ELSI-Brazil study. J Diabetes 2020; 12:834-843. [PMID: 32478972 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, most of the evidence has been based on self-reported T2DM, and undiagnosed diabetes has not been considered as a separate category. We aimed to examine the extent to which undiagnosed diabetes modifies the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment in a representative sample of Brazilian adults aged 50 years and older. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from 1944 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) conducted from 2015 to 2016. Diabetes was evaluated based on self-reported doctor diagnosis and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Participants were classified as diabetics (D), undiagnosed diabetics (UDD), or nondiabetics (ND). Cognitive function was assessed by word list learning and verbal fluency tests. Three multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the changes in the strength of the associations. RESULTS Participants with diabetes had 49% greater odds of exhibiting impaired memory than nondiabetics (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01-2.20). By combining UDD and ND, the association between diabetes and impaired memory was attenuated by 2.0%, losing its statistical significance (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.98-2.17). By combining UDD and D, the association was attenuated by 7.4% (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01-1.90). No significant association was found between T2DM and impaired verbal fluency. CONCLUSION This study found an association between T2DM and impaired memory but not with impaired verbal fluency. When UDD individuals are considered diabetics, this association is attenuated; when UDD individuals are considered as ND, this association is attenuated to the extent that it loses its statistical significance, affecting thus the clinical interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cochar-Soares
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Danilo H T de Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Erico Castro-Costa
- René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria F Lima-Costa
- René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago da S Alexandre
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Neuropsychological Alterations in Narcolepsy with Cataplexy and the Expression of Cognitive Deficits. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2020; 26:587-595. [PMID: 31826783 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to assess attention processes and executive function in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NT1). To do so, we compared the results with those of a control group from the general population using an extensive neuropsychological test battery. METHODS We studied 28 patients with NT1 and 28 healthy control participants matched for age, gender, and educational level. They all completed questionnaires on sleepiness, anxiety, and depression symptoms. In addition, they underwent neuropsychological tests. The ability to maintain attention was assessed using three computer tasks with different levels of complexity. RESULTS Patients had significantly more daytime sleepiness than controls. A significant negative correlation between depression and disease duration was found in NT1 patients. The results of the anxiety questionnaire correlated with the presence of sleep paralysis. There were significant differences in information processing speed subtasks. Patients made significantly more omissions and generally reacted slower and more variably than controls in computerized tasks. As for executive function, patients performed worse in phonologic fluency tasks than controls. However, when the influence of processing speed on fluency tasks was statistically controlled, part of this significant difference disappeared. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the negative correlation between depression and disease duration probably reflects progressive adaptation to the functional burden of the disease. Information processing speed plays a fundamental role in the expression of cognitive deficits. We emphasized the need to control the influence of processing speed and sustained attention in the neuropsychological assessment of NT1 patients.
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16
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Thye M, Szaflarski JP, Mirman D. Shared lesion correlates of semantic and letter fluency in post-stroke aphasia. J Neuropsychol 2020; 15:143-150. [PMID: 32412102 PMCID: PMC8335980 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lesion–symptom mapping studies have reported a temporal versus frontal dissociation between semantic and letter fluency, and mixed evidence regarding the role of white matter. Mass-univariate and multivariate lesion–symptom mapping was used to identify regions associated with semantic and letter fluency deficits in post-stroke aphasia. Multivariate LSM revealed broad networks including underlying white matter, and substantial overlap between both types of fluency, suggesting that semantic fluency and letter fluency largely rely on the same neural system. All data are available on OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Thye
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniel Mirman
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Sabah K, Dolk T, Meiran N, Dreisbach G. Enhancing task-demands disrupts learning but enhances transfer gains in short-term task-switching training. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:1473-1487. [PMID: 32303843 PMCID: PMC8286950 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Content variability was previously suggested to promote stronger learning effects in cognitive training whereas less variability incurred transfer costs (Sabah et al. Psychological Research, 10.1007/s00426-018-1006-7, 2018). Here, we expanded these findings by additionally examining the role of learners’ control in short-term task-switching training by comparing voluntary task-switching to a yoked control forced task-switching condition. To this end, four training conditions were compared: (1) forced fixed content, (2) voluntary fixed content, (3) forced varied content, and (3) voluntary varied content. To further enhance task demands, bivalent stimuli were used during training. Participants completed baseline assessment commencing with task-switching and verbal fluency blocks, followed by seven training blocks and last by task-switching (near transfer) and verbal fluency (far transfer) blocks, respectively. For the baseline and transfer task-switching blocks, we used the exact same baseline and first transfer block from Sabah et al. (Psychological Research, 10.1007/s00426-018-1006-7, 2018), employing univalent stimuli and alternating-runs task sequence. Our results pointed again to the contribution of content variability to task-switching performance. No indications for far transfer were observed. Allowing for learners’ control was not found to produce additional transfer gains beyond content variability. A between-study comparison suggests that enhanced task demands, by means of bivalency, promoted higher transfer gains in the current study when compared to Sabah et al. (Psychological Research, 10.1007/s00426-018-1006-7, 2018). Taken together, the current results provide further evidence to the beneficial impact of variability on training outcomes. The lack of modulatory effect for learners’ control is discussed in relation to possible methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Sabah
- Department for Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Universitätstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Dolk
- Department for Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Universitätstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Dreisbach
- Department for Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Universitätstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Agelink van Rentergem JA, de Vent NR, Schmand BA, Murre JMJ, Staaks JPC, Huizenga HM. The Factor Structure of Cognitive Functioning in Cognitively Healthy Participants: a Meta-Analysis and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:51-96. [PMID: 32008158 PMCID: PMC7089912 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many neuropsychologists are of the opinion that the multitude of cognitive tests may be grouped into a much smaller number of cognitive domains. However, there is little consensus on how many domains exist, what these domains are, nor on which cognitive tests belong to which domain. This incertitude can be solved by factor analysis, provided that the analysis includes a broad range of cognitive tests that have been administered to a very large number of people. In this article, two such factor analyses were performed, each combining multiple studies. However, because it was not possible to obtain complete multivariate data on more than the most common test variables in the field, not all possible domains were examined here. The first analysis was a factor meta-analysis of correlation matrices combining data of 60,398 healthy participants from 52 studies. Several models from the literature were fitted, of which a version based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model was found to describe the correlations better than the others. The second analysis was a factor analysis of the Advanced Neuropsychological Diagnostics Infrastructure (ANDI) database, combining scores of 11,881 participants from 54 Dutch and Belgian studies not included in the first meta-analysis. Again, the model fit was better for the CHC model than for other models. Therefore, we conclude that the CHC model best characterizes both cognitive domains and which test belongs to each domain. Therefore, although originally developed in the intelligence literature, the CHC model deserves more attention in neuropsychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost A. Agelink van Rentergem
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie R. de Vent
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A. Schmand
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. J. Murre
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke P. C. Staaks
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - ANDI Consortium
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde M. Huizenga
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research priority area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Word retrieval across the biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer's disease syndromic spectrum. Neuropsychologia 2020; 140:107391. [PMID: 32057937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now conceptualized as a biological entity defined by amyloid and tau deposition and neurodegeneration, with heterogeneous clinical presentations. With the aid of in vivo biomarkers, clinicians are better poised to examine clinical syndromic variability arising from a common pathology. Word retrieval deficits, measured using verbal fluency and confrontation naming tests, are hallmark features of the early clinical stages of the amnestic presentations of AD, specifically in category fluency and naming with relatively spared letter fluency. As yet, there is no consensus regarding performance on these tests in atypical clinical phenotypes of AD, including posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), in individuals who are amyloid-positive (Aβ+) but present with different clinical profiles and patterns of neurodegeneration compared to amnestic AD. The goal of the current study is to determine how Aβ+ individuals across the syndromic spectrum of AD perform on three different word retrieval tasks. A secondary goal is to determine the neuroanatomical substrates underlying word retrieval performance in these Aβ+ individuals. Thirty-two Aβ+ participants with the amnestic presentation, 16 with Aβ+ PCA, 22 with Aβ+ lvPPA, and 99 amyloid-negative (Aβ-) control participants were evaluated with verbal fluency and visual confrontation naming tests as well as high-resolution MRI. The Aβ+ patient groups were rated at very mild or mild levels of severity (CDR 0.5 or 1) and had comparable levels of global cognitive impairment (average MMSE = 23.7 ± 3.9). Behaviorally, we found that the word retrieval profile of PCA patients is comparable to that of amnestic patients, characterized by intact letter fluency but impaired category fluency and visual confrontation naming, while lvPPA patients demonstrated impairment across all tests of word retrieval. Across all AD variants, we observed that letter fluency was associated with cortical thickness in prefrontal, central precuneus, lateral parietal and temporal cortex, while category fluency and naming were associated with cortical thickness in left middle frontal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, and lateral parietal cortex. Visual confrontation naming was uniquely associated with atrophy in inferior temporal and visual association cortex. We conclude that a better understanding of the word retrieval profiles and underlying neurodegeneration across the AD syndromic spectrum will help improve interpretation of neuropsychological profiles with regard to the localization of neurodegeneration, particularly in the atypical AD variants.
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Fuller-Thomson E, Saab Z, Davison KM, Lin SL, Taler V, Kobayashi K, Tong H. Nutrition, Immigration and Health Determinants Are Linked to Verbal Fluency among Anglophone Adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:672-680. [PMID: 32510122 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Later-life cognitive impairment is an important health issue; however, little is known about the condition among diverse groups such as immigrants. This study aims to examine whether the healthy immigrant effect exists for verbal fluency, an indicator of cognitive functioning, among anglophone middle-aged and older adults in Canada. METHODS Using from the baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), multiple linear regression was employed to compare associations among immigrants (recent and long-term) and Canadian-born residents without dementia for two verbal fluency tests, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) and the Animal Fluency (AF) task. Covariates included socioeconomic, physical health, and dietary intake. RESULTS Of 8,574 anglophone participants (85.7% Canada-born, 74.8% aged 45-65 years, 81.8% married, 81.9% with a post-secondary degree), long-term immigrants (settled in Canada >20 years) performed significantly better than Canadian-born residents for the COWAT (42.8 vs 40.9) but not the AF task (22.4 vs 22.4). Results of the multivariable adjusted regression analyses showed that long-term immigrants performed better than Canadian-born peers in both the COWAT (B=1.57, 95% CI: 0.80-2.34) and the AF test (B=0.57, 95% CI: 0.19-0.95), but this advantage was not observed among recent immigrants. Other factors associated with low verbal fluency performance included being single, socioeconomically disadvantaged, having hypertension, excess body fat, and consuming low amounts of pulses/nuts or fruit/vegetables. CONCLUSIONS Long-term immigrants had higher verbal fluency test scores than their Canadian-born counterparts. Immigration status, social, health and nutritional factors are important considerations for possible intervention and prevention strategies for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fuller-Thomson
- Prof. Esme Fuller-Thomson, PhD, MSW. FIFSW, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V4, Canada
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21
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Loughrey DG, Pakhomov SVS, Lawlor BA. Altered verbal fluency processes in older adults with age-related hearing loss. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110794. [PMID: 31790801 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked age-related hearing loss (ARHL) with an increased risk of neurocognitive decline. Difficulties in speech perception with subsequent changes in brain morphometry, including regions important for lexical-semantic memory, are thought to be a possible mechanism for this relationship. This study investigated differences in automatic and executive lexical-semantic processes on verbal fluency tasks in individuals with acquired hearing loss. The primary outcomes were indices of automatic (clustering/word retrieval at start of task) and executive (switching/word retrieval after start of the task) processes from semantic and phonemic fluency tasks. To extract indices of clustering and switching, we used both manual and computerised methods. There were no differences between groups on indices of executive fluency processes or on any indices from the semantic fluency task. The hearing loss group demonstrated weaker automatic processes on the phonemic fluency task. Further research into differences in lexical-semantic processes with ARHL is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Loughrey
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin.
| | | | - Brian A Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Zeng Z, Kalashnikova M, Antoniou M. Integrating Bilingualism, Verbal Fluency, and Executive Functioning across the Lifespan. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2019.1648267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Marina Kalashnikova
- Western Sydney University, Australia
- BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Spain
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Schmidt CSM, Nitschke K, Bormann T, Römer P, Kümmerer D, Martin M, Umarova RM, Leonhart R, Egger K, Dressing A, Musso M, Willmes K, Weiller C, Kaller CP. Dissociating frontal and temporal correlates of phonological and semantic fluency in a large sample of left hemisphere stroke patients. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101840. [PMID: 31108458 PMCID: PMC6526291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous lesion studies suggest that semantic and phonological fluency are differentially subserved by distinct brain regions in the left temporal and the left frontal cortex, respectively. However, as of yet, this often implied double dissociation has not been explicitly investigated due to mainly two reasons: (i) the lack of sufficiently large samples of brain-lesioned patients that underwent assessment of the two fluency variants and (ii) the lack of tools to assess interactions in factorial analyses of non-normally distributed behavioral data. In addition, previous studies did not control for task resource artifacts potentially introduced by the generally higher task difficulty of phonological compared to semantic fluency. We addressed these issues by task-difficulty adjusted assessment of semantic and phonological fluency in 85 chronic patients with ischemic stroke of the left middle cerebral artery. For classical region-based lesion-behavior mapping patients were grouped with respect to their primary lesion location. Building on the extension of the non-parametric Brunner-Munzel rank-order test to multi-factorial designs, ANOVA-type analyses revealed a significant two-way interaction for cue type (semantic vs. phonological) by lesion location (left temporal vs. left frontal vs. other as stroke control group). Subsequent contrast analyses further confirmed the proposed double dissociation by demonstrating that (i) compared to stroke controls, left temporal lesions led to significant impairments in semantic but not in phonological fluency, whereas left frontal lesions led to significant impairments in phonological but not in semantic fluency, and that (ii) patients with frontal lesions showed significantly poorer performance in phonological than in semantic fluency, whereas patients with temporal lesions showed significantly poorer performance in semantic than in phonological fluency. The anatomical specificity of these findings was further assessed in voxel-based lesion-behavior mapping analyses using the multi-factorial extension of the Brunner-Munzel test. Voxel-wise ANOVA-type analyses identified circumscribed parts of left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior and middle temporal gyrus that significantly double-dissociated with respect to their differential contribution to phonological and semantic fluency, respectively. Furthermore, a main effect of lesion with significant impairments in both fluency types was found in left inferior frontal regions adjacent to but not overlapping with those showing the differential effect for phonological fluency. The present study hence not only provides first explicit evidence for the anatomical double dissociation in verbal fluency at the group level but also clearly underlines that its formulation constitutes an oversimplification as parts of left frontal cortex appear to contribute to both semantic and phonological fluency. Lesion study on neural correlates of phonological and semantic fluency Evidence for dissociable and for overlapping contributions Left superior and middle temporal gyri specifically crucial for semantic fluency Left IFG pars opercularis specifically crucial for phonological fluency Left IFG pars triangularis critical for both semantic and phonological fluency
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S M Schmidt
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Biological and Personality Psychology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Kai Nitschke
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Biological and Personality Psychology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bormann
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Römer
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kümmerer
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Martin
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roza M Umarova
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Leonhart
- Social Psychology and Methodology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl Egger
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Dept. of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Dressing
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariachristina Musso
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Willmes
- Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Dept. of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
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24
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Ghanavati E, Salehinejad MA, Nejati V, Nitsche MA. Differential role of prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices in verbal and figural fluency: Implications for the supramodal contribution of executive functions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3700. [PMID: 30842493 PMCID: PMC6403289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbal and figural fluency are related to executive functions (EFs), but the extent to which they benefit from executive resources and their respective cortical representations is not clear. Moreover, different brain areas and cognitive functions are involved in fluency processing. This study investigated effects of modulation of cortical excitability in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), left temporal area and right posterior parietal cortex (r-PPC) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on verbal and figural fluency. Fifteen healthy adult participants received anodal l-DLPFC (F3), anodal left temporal (T3), anodal r-PPC (P4) and sham tDCS (15 min, 1.5 mA). After five minutes of stimulation, participants underwent the verbal fluency (i.e., semantic and phonemic fluency tasks) and figural fluency tasks. Participants significantly generated more words with phonemic cues during anodal l-DLPFC tDCS and more words with semantic cues during both anodal left temporal and anodal l-DLPFC tDCS. In contrast, they generated more unique figures under anodal r-PPC and anodal l-DLPFC tDCS. Our results implicate that prefrontal regions and EFs are shared anatomical correlates and cognitive processes relevant for both, verbal and figural fluency (supramodal contribution of DLPFC activation), whereas r-PPC and left temporal cortex are more specifically involved in figural and semantic fluency (modality-specific contribution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany. .,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. .,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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25
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How metacontrol biases and adaptivity impact performance in cognitive search tasks. Cognition 2019; 182:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Camodeca A, Todd KQ, Hosack A. Intact verbal fluency abilities in the Broad Autism Phenotype. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:443-452. [PMID: 30316172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to replicate the findings of Camodeca and Voelker (2016), who demonstrated that controlled processing weaknesses were evident in the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP), and that these weaknesses were predictive of real-world pragmatic language problems. One hundred eighty-two undergraduates completed the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Verbal Fluency (D-KEFS-VF) test and the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ). Results were partially replicated. Contrary to the previous study, the BAP group (n = 31) did not demonstrate comparative weaknesses in controlled processing, nor were controlled processing abilities predictive of BAPQ Pragmatic Language score. Similar to the previous study, controlled processing did not predict pragmatic language abilities for Non-BAP (n = 151) subjects. For each group, letter fluency score predicted 2nd 15″ interval score (controlled processing abilities); automatic processing (1st 15″ interval) did not. Results suggest that verbal fluency skills in the BAP are similar to controls, and that controlled processing does not account for significant variance in real-world social language in the BAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Camodeca
- The Pennsylvania State University, 100 University Drive, Monaca, PA 15061, USA.
| | - Kylie Q Todd
- The Pennsylvania State University, 100 University Drive, Monaca, PA 15061, USA
| | - Alexandra Hosack
- The Pennsylvania State University, 100 University Drive, Monaca, PA 15061, USA
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27
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Pino Escobar G, Kalashnikova M, Escudero P. Vocabulary matters! The relationship between verbal fluency and measures of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children. J Exp Child Psychol 2018; 170:177-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Binney RJ, Zuckerman BM, Waller HN, Hung J, Ashaie SA, Reilly J. Cathodal tDCS of the bilateral anterior temporal lobes facilitates semantically-driven verbal fluency. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:62-71. [PMID: 29337133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In a verbal fluency task, a person is required to produce as many exemplars of a given category (e.g., 'animals', or words starting with 'f') as possible within a fixed duration. Successful verbal fluency performance relies both on the depth of search within semantic/phonological neighborhoods ('clustering') and the ability to flexibly disengage between exhausted clusters ('switching'). Convergent evidence from functional imaging and neuropsychology suggests that cluster-switch behaviors engage dissociable brain regions. Switching has been linked to a frontoparietal network dedicated to executive functioning and controlled lexical retrieval, whereas clustering is more commonly associated with temporal lobe regions dedicated to semantic and phonological processing. Here we attempted to modulate cluster-switch dynamics among neurotypical adults (N = 24) using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivered at three sites: a) anterior temporal cortex; b) frontal cortex; and c) temporoparietal cortex. Participants completed letter-guided and semantic category verbal fluency tasks pre/post stimulation. Cathodal stimulation of anterior temporal cortex facilitated the total number of words generated and the number of words generated within clusters during semantic category verbal fluency. These neuromodulatory effects were specific to stimulation of the one anatomical site. Our findings highlight the role of the anterior temporal lobes in representing semantic category structure and support the claim that clustering and switching behaviors have distinct substrates. We discuss implications both for theory and application to neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Binney
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, UK; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie M Zuckerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hilary N Waller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyi Hung
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sameer A Ashaie
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jamie Reilly
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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29
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Perry A, Wen W, Kochan NA, Thalamuthu A, Sachdev PS, Breakspear M. The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5094-5114. [PMID: 28685910 PMCID: PMC6866868 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is accompanied by a constellation of changes in cognitive processes and alterations in functional brain networks. The relationships between brain networks and cognition during aging in later life are moderated by demographic and environmental factors, such as prior education, in a poorly understood manner. Using multivariate analyses, we identified three latent patterns (or modes) linking resting-state functional connectivity to demographic and cognitive measures in 101 cognitively normal elders. The first mode (P = 0.00043) captures an opposing association between age and core cognitive processes such as attention and processing speed on functional connectivity patterns. The functional subnetwork expressed by this mode links bilateral sensorimotor and visual regions through key areas such as the parietal operculum. A strong, independent association between years of education and functional connectivity loads onto a second mode (P = 0.012), characterized by the involvement of key hub regions. A third mode (P = 0.041) captures weak, residual brain-behavior relations. Our findings suggest that circuits supporting lower level cognitive processes are most sensitive to the influence of age in healthy older adults. Education, and to a lesser extent, executive functions, load independently onto functional networks-suggesting that the moderating effect of education acts upon networks distinct from those vulnerable with aging. This has important implications in understanding the contribution of education to cognitive reserve during healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5094-5114, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Perry
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- Program of Mental Health Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQueensland4006Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Nicole A. Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- Program of Mental Health Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQueensland4006Australia
- Metro North Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueensland4029Australia
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30
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Fishman KN, Ashbaugh AR, Lanctôt KL, Cayley ML, Herrmann N, Murray BJ, Sicard M, Lien K, Sahlas DJ, Swartz RH. Apathy, not depressive symptoms, as a predictor of semantic and phonemic fluency task performance in stroke and transient ischemic attack. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:449-461. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1371282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keera N. Fishman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea R. Ashbaugh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L. Lanctôt
- Department of Medicine (Psychiatry), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan L. Cayley
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Medicine (Psychiatry), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian J. Murray
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Sicard
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Lien
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Demetrios J. Sahlas
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard H. Swartz
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Gordon JK, Young M, Garcia C. Why do older adults have difficulty with semantic fluency? AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 25:803-828. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1374328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean K. Gordon
- Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Megan Young
- Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carly Garcia
- Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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